1
|
McGinty EM, Craine EB, Miller ND, Ocana-Gallegos C, Spalding EP, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Evaluating relationships between seed morphological traits and seed dormancy in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161165. [PMID: 37929178 PMCID: PMC10623317 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Quinoa is a high-value, nutritious crop that performs well in variable environments, marginal soils, and in diverse crop rotations. Quinoa's many attributes make it an ideal crop for supporting human health in global communities and economies. To date, quinoa research has largely focused on traits in adult plants important for enhancing plant phenotypic plasticity, abiotic stress, disease resistance, and yield. Fewer studies have evaluated quinoa seed dormancy and suggest that most modern quinoa varieties have weak or no seed dormancy, and a narrow window of seed viability post-harvest. In other crops, diminished seed dormancy is a major risk factor for preharvest sprouting (PHS; germination on the panicle due to rain prior to harvest) and may also pose a similar risk for quinoa. Methods This study (1) developed a dormancy screening assay to characterize seed dormancy strength in a large collection of quinoa varieties, (2) investigated if morphological variables including seed coat color, seed coat thickness, seed shape including eccentricity which evaluates the roundness or flatness of a seed, and other agronomic traits like crude protein content and seed moisture, contribute to quinoa seed dormancy, and (3) evaluated the use of a phenetic modeling approach to explore relationships between seed morphology and seed dormancy. Results Dormancy screening indicated seed dormancy ranges in quinoa varieties from none to strong dormancy. Further, phenetic modeling approaches indicate that seed coat thickness and eccentricity are important morphological variables that impact quinoa seed dormancy strength. Conclusions While dormancy screening and phenetic modeling approaches do not provide a direct solution to preventing PHS in quinoa, they do provide new tools for identifying dormant varieties as well as morphological variables contributing to seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | | | - Nathan D. Miller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Cristina Ocana-Gallegos
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Edgar P. Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fuchs H, Plitta-Michalak BP, Małecka A, Ciszewska L, Sikorski Ł, Staszak AM, Michalak M, Ratajczak E. The chances in the redox priming of nondormant recalcitrant seeds by spermidine. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023:tpad036. [PMID: 36943301 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The problems posed by seed sensitivity to desiccation and aging have motivated the development of various techniques for mitigating their detrimental effects. The redox priming of seeds in antioxidant solution to improve their postharvest performance is one of the approaches. Spermidine (Spd) was tested as an invigorating solution on nondormant recalcitrant (desiccation sensitive) seeds of the silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.). The treatment resulted in an 8-10% increase in germination capacity in seeds subjected to mild and severe desiccation, while in aged seeds stored for six months, no significant change was observed. The cellular redox milieu, genetic stability, mitochondrial structure and function were investigated to provide information about the cellular targets of Spd activity. Spd improved the antioxidative capacity, especially the activity of catalase, and cellular membrane stability, protected genome integrity from oxidative damage and increased the efficiency of mitochondria. However, it also elicited a hydrogen peroxide burst. Therefore, it seems that redox priming in nondormant seeds that are highly sensitive to desiccation, although positively affected desiccated seed performance, may not be a simple solution to reinvigorate stored seeds with a low-efficiency antioxidant system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Fuchs
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Beata P Plitta-Michalak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Arleta Małecka
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Garbary 15 street, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Liliana Ciszewska
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Sikorski
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 17, 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Aleksandra M Staszak
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Plant Biology and Ecology Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology,University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A/103, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang H, Jaganathan GK, Han Y, Li J, Liu B. Revisiting the pericarp as a barrier restricting water entry/loss from cotyledons and embryonic axis of temperate desiccation-sensitive Quercus acorns. PLANTA 2023; 257:33. [PMID: 36609883 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fully mature acorns of Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, and Q. glandulifera are desiccation-sensitive. X-ray computer tomography showed that cotyledons shrink during drying, but embryos are protected. Information available on recalcitrant acorns of tropical and sub-tropical species of Quercus suggests that an impermeable pericarp, which limits the entry and loss of water only through the hilum (scar), is the underlying mechanism that prevents drying of the embryo axis following dispersal until the germination season. However, there is a lack of consensus supporting this proposition across species, and it is not well understood if such mechanisms occur in temperate Quercus species. This study investigated the significance of the acorn pericarp for temperate oak species and presents an ecological framework based on the post-dispersal climatic conditions. Using Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, and Q. glandulifera acorns, the relationship between moisture content (MC) and germination was established, and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) was used to understand the internal structural changes of cotyledons and embryonic axis occurring during desiccation. Water entry and exit routes through the scar, pericarp and apex were determined by imbibition and drying experiments. Climatic data and acorn morphological characteristics and germination were subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA). Freshly dispersed acorns of all species had a moisture content (MC) above 35% fresh weight (FW) basis, but drying to 15-10% MC resulted in complete loss of viability, implying recalcitrance behaviour. X-ray CT images suggested that the pericarp offers some protection to cotyledons and embryonic axis during desiccation, but it is contingent on MC. Extensive drying to a low MC with the scar and apex covered with vaseline resulted in internal tissues shrinkage, corresponding with viability loss. Water could enter or exit through the pericarp, albeit at a much slower rate than through the scar. A combination of factors including acorn anatomy, moisture content at the time of dispersal, microhabitat, the position of acorns in the soil prevent embryo desiccation below the critical MC and thus promotes survival of acorns on/in the soil during winter in temperate regions. Pericarp anatomy, to some extent, prevents excessive drying of the embryonic axis by slowing water movement, but prolonged drying or predatory pressure could result in pericarp cracks, favouring the absorption of water during sporadic rain. In the latter case, the survival of acorns possibly depends extensively on the continuous erratic rainfall, i.e. continuous wet-dry cycle, but in-situ experiments are yet to be performed to test this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Kang
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganesh K Jaganathan
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Han
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Li
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xia K, Daws MI, Peng LL. Climate drives patterns of seed traits in Quercus species across China. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1629-1638. [PMID: 35306670 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Traits enabling seeds to survive post-dispersal desiccation and subsequently germinate are important aspects of plant regeneration for species with desiccation-sensitive seeds. However, how desiccation and germination-related traits co-vary and relate to patterns of climate variation are unknown. We investigated physiological traits related to desiccation and germination of desiccation-sensitive seeds from 19 Quercus species, which typically dominate subalpine, subtropical and temperate forests in China. The results demonstrate a strong relationship between climate and seed traits consistent with a hypothesis of minimizing seed death from desiccation. Seeds of subalpine species were most desiccation sensitive and died fastest when dried. These species avoided drought and cold by germinating rapidly. Subtropical and temperate oaks had more variable strategies to minimize the risk of mortality reflecting a continuum between traits that facilitate rapid germination (with the risk of rapid desiccation) and slow germination (and slow desiccation). Across the Quercus species, the relative level of seed desiccation sensitivity, which we predicted to be important for reducing the risk of drying related mortality, was independent of climate. For desiccation-sensitive seeds this suggests a more diverse range of strategies for minimizing desiccation risk than reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xia
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Matthew I Daws
- Environment Department, Alcoa of Australia Ltd, Huntly Mine, off Del Park Road, PO Box 172, Pinjarra, WA, 6208, Australia
| | - Lin-Lin Peng
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sandoval-Martínez J, Flores-Cano JA, Badano EI. Recruitment of pioneer trees with physically dormant seeds under climate change: the case of Vachellia pennatula (Fabaceae) in semiarid environments of Mexico. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:453-463. [PMID: 35226225 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01383-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most tree species native to arid and semiarid ecosystems produce seeds with physical dormancy, which have impermeable coats that protect them from desiccation and prevent germination when the environmental conditions are unfavorable for seedling establishment. This dormancy mechanism may confer some degree of tolerance to seeds facing warmer and drier conditions, as those expected in several regions of the world because of climate change. Scarification of these seeds (removal of protective coats) is required for stimulating germination and seedling development. However, as scarification exposes seeds to the external environmental conditions, it can promote desiccation and viability loss in the future. To test these hypotheses, we performed field experiments and sowed scarified and unscarified seeds of a pioneer tree native to semiarid ecosystems of Mesoamerica (Vachellia pennatula) under the current climate and simulated climate change conditions. The experiments were conducted at abandoned fields using open-top chambers to increase temperature and rainout shelters to reduce rainfall. We measured microenvironmental conditions within the experimental plots and monitored seedling emergence and survival during a year. Air temperature and rainfall in climate change simulations approached the values expected for the period 2041-2080. Seedling emergence rates under these climatic conditions were lower than under the current climate. Nevertheless, emergence rates in climate change simulations were even lower for scarified than for unscarified seeds, while the converse occurred under the current climate. On the other hand, although survival rates in climate change simulations were lower than under the current climate, no effects of the scarification treatment were found. In this way, our study suggests that climate change will impair the recruitment of pioneer trees in semiarid environments, even if they produce seeds with physical dormancy, but also indicates that these negative effects will be stronger if seeds are scarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Sandoval-Martínez
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Colonia Lomas 4ª Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Jorge A Flores-Cano
- Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Km. 14.5 Carretera San Luis-Matehuala, 78321, Soledad de Graciano Sánchez, SLP, México
| | - Ernesto I Badano
- IPICYT/División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica Y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Colonia Lomas 4ª Sección, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nizam A, Meera SP, Kumar A. Genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying mangrove adaptations to intertidal environments. iScience 2022; 25:103547. [PMID: 34988398 PMCID: PMC8693430 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangroves are halophytic plants belonging to diverse angiosperm families that are adapted to highly stressful intertidal zones between land and sea. They are special, unique, and one of the most productive ecosystems that play enormous ecological roles and provide a large number of benefits to the coastal communities. To thrive under highly stressful conditions, mangroves have innovated several key morphological, anatomical, and physio-biochemical adaptations. The evolution of the unique adaptive modifications might have resulted from a host of genetic and molecular changes and to date we know little about the nature of these genetic and molecular changes. Although slow, new information has accumulated over the last few decades on the genetic and molecular regulation of the mangrove adaptations, a comprehensive review on it is not yet available. This review provides up-to-date consolidated information on the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular regulation of mangrove adaptive traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashifa Nizam
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| | - Suraj Prasannakumari Meera
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Dr. Janaki Ammal Campus, Kannur University, Palayad, Kerala 670661, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Science, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala 671316, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uddin MM, Zakeel MCM, Zavahir JS, Marikar FMMT, Jahan I. Heavy Metal Accumulation in Rice and Aquatic Plants Used as Human Food: A General Review. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9120360. [PMID: 34941794 PMCID: PMC8706345 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystems are contaminated with heavy metals by natural and anthropogenic sources. Whilst some heavy metals are necessary for plants as micronutrients, others can be toxic to plants and humans even in trace concentrations. Among heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) cause significant damage to aquatic ecosystems and can invariably affect human health. Rice, a staple diet of many nations, and other aquatic plants used as vegetables in many countries, can bioaccumulate heavy metals when they grow in contaminated aquatic environments. These metals can enter the human body through food chains, and the presence of heavy metals in food can lead to numerous human health consequences. Heavy metals in aquatic plants can affect plant physicochemical functions, growth, and crop yield. Various mitigation strategies are being continuously explored to avoid heavy metals entering aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the levels of heavy metals in rice and aquatic plants grown for food in contaminated aquatic environments is important. Further, it is imperative to adopt sustainable management approaches and mitigation mechanisms. Although narrowly focused reviews exist, this article provides novel information for improving our understanding about heavy metal accumulation in rice and aquatic plants, addressing the gaps in literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Main Uddin
- Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mohamed Cassim Mohamed Zakeel
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Puliyankulama, Anuradhapura 50000, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Horticultural Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Junaida Shezmin Zavahir
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Chemistry, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Faiz M. M. T. Marikar
- Staff Development Centre, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka;
| | - Israt Jahan
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seed Dormancy and Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Rice-An Updated Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111804. [PMID: 34769234 PMCID: PMC8583970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting is a critical phenomenon involving the germination of seeds in the mother plant before harvest under relative humid conditions and reduced dormancy. As it results in reduced grain yield and quality, it is a common problem for the farmers who have cultivated the rice and wheat across the globe. Crop yields need to be steadily increased to improve the people’s ability to adapt to risks as the world’s population grows and natural disasters become more frequent. To improve the quality of grain and to avoid pre-harvest sprouting, a clear understanding of the crops should be known with the use of molecular omics approaches. Meanwhile, pre-harvest sprouting is a complicated phenomenon, especially in rice, and physiological, hormonal, and genetic changes should be monitored, which can be modified by high-throughput metabolic engineering techniques. The integration of these data allows the creation of tailored breeding lines suitable for various demands and regions, and it is crucial for increasing the crop yields and economic benefits. In this review, we have provided an overview of seed dormancy and its regulation, the major causes of pre-harvest sprouting, and also unraveled the novel avenues to battle pre-harvest sprouting in cereals with special reference to rice using genomics and transcriptomic approaches.
Collapse
|
9
|
Quadros AF, Helfer V, Nordhaus I, Reuter H, Zimmer M. Functional Traits of Terrestrial Plants in the Intertidal: A Review on Mangrove Trees. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2021; 241:123-139. [PMID: 34706208 DOI: 10.1086/716510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractTrue mangroves are vascular plants (Tracheophyta) that evolved into inhabiting the mid and upper intertidal zone of tropical and subtropical soft-sediment coasts around the world. While several dozens of species are known from the Indo-West Pacific region, the Atlantic-East Pacific region is home to only a mere dozen of true mangrove species, most of which are rare. Mangrove trees can form dense monospecific or multispecies stands that provide numerous ecosystem services. Despite their eminent socioecological and socioeconomic relevance and the plethora of studies on mangroves, many details of the ecology of mangrove ecosystems remain unknown; and our knowledge about general ecological principles in mangrove ecosystems is scarce. For instance, the functional trait concept has hardly been applied to mangroves. Here we provide an inventory of 28 quantitative and 8 qualitative functional traits of true mangrove species and stipulate some insight into how these traits may drive ecosystem structure and processes. The differentiation between true mangroves and mangrove associates, which can dwell inside as well as outside mangrove forests, is reflected by a number of leaf traits. Thus, true mangroves exhibit lower specific leaf area, lower leaf N content, and lower K∶Na ratio, and higher leaf succulence, higher Na and Cl content, and higher osmolality than mangrove associates. True mangrove species that form pure stands produce larger leaves and exhibit higher N content per leaf area, higher leaf K and Ca content, greater maximum plant height, longer propagules, and lower root porosity than more sporadic species. The species-specific expression of most traits does not reflect the species' position along intertidal gradients, suggesting that adaptation to tidal inundation does not explain these traits. Rather, many of the traits studied herein exhibit strong phylogenetic signals in true mangroves. Thus, wood density is high in most species of the Rhizophoraceae, irrespective of their habitat or maximum height. On the other hand, species of the genus Sonneratia exhibit low wood density and do not grow taller than 20 m. Some leaf traits of true mangroves are more like those of plants from drier environments, reflecting the perception that a saline environment creates physiological drought stress. Along the same line, most true mangrove species exhibit sclerophyllous leaf traits. The few major mangrove tree species of the Atlantic-East Pacific are as distinct from each other, with regard to some traits, as are the many mangrove species of the Indo-West Pacific. We hypothesize that this phenomenon explains the similarly high biomass of mangrove forests in both the species-rich Indo-West Pacific and the species-poor Atlantic-East Pacific.
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhuyan B, Baruah S. Occurrence of vivipary in Ophiorrhiza rugosa Wall. (Rubiaceae). JOURNAL OF THREATENED TAXA 2021. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.6218.13.8.19189-19190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vivipary is a rare reproductive strategy, has been reported less than 0.1% of angiosperms. The present observation confirms the incidence of true vivipary in medicinally important species Ophiorhiza rugosa Wall. (Rubiaceae) from hill station of Karbi Anglong district of Assam.
Collapse
|
11
|
Gómez-Maqueo X, Figueroa-Corona L, Martínez-Villegas JA, Soriano D, Gamboa-deBuen A. The Relevance of a Physiological-Stage Approach Study of the Molecular and Environmental Factors Regulating Seed Germination in Wild Plants. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061084. [PMID: 34071163 PMCID: PMC8226667 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germination represents the culmination of the seed developmental program and is affected by the conditions prevailing during seed maturation in the mother plant. During maturation, the dormancy condition and tolerance to dehydration are established. These characteristics are modulated by the environment to which they are subjected, having an important impact on wild species. In this work, a review was made of the molecular bases of the maturation, the processes of dormancy imposition and loss, as well as the germination process in different wild species with different life histories, and from diverse habitats. It is also specified which of these species present a certain type of management. The impact that the domestication process has had on certain characteristics of the seed is discussed, as well as the importance of determining physiological stages based on morphological characteristics, to face the complexities of the study of these species and preserve their genetic diversity and physiological responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Gómez-Maqueo
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
| | - Laura Figueroa-Corona
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
| | - Jorge Arturo Martínez-Villegas
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
| | - Diana Soriano
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Alicia Gamboa-deBuen
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (X.G.-M.); (L.F.-C.); (J.A.M.-V.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sinsin CBL, Salako KV, Fandohan AB, Zanvo MGS, Kouassi KE, Glèlè Kakaï RL. Pattern of seedling emergence and early growth in
Avicennia germinans
and
Rhizophora racemosa
along an experimental salinity gradient. Afr J Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corine Bitossessi Laurenda Sinsin
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
- Centre d’Excellence Africain sur les Changements Climatiques, la Biodiversité et l’Agriculture Durable Université Félix Houphouët‐Boigny Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Kolawolé Valère Salako
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
| | - Adandé Belarmain Fandohan
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
- Unité de Recherche en Foresterie et Conservation des BioRessources Ecole de Foresterie Tropicale Université Nationale d’Agriculture Kétou République du Bénin
| | - Mahoutin Gildas Serge Zanvo
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
| | | | - Romain Lucas Glèlè Kakaï
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques Université d’Abomey‐Calavi Cotonou République du Bénin
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McGinty EM, Murphy KM, Hauvermale AL. Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:458. [PMID: 33670959 PMCID: PMC7997350 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. McGinty
- The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Amber L. Hauvermale
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li X, Fang C, Zhao JP, Zhou XY, Ni Z, Niu DK. Desiccation does not drastically increase the accessibility of exogenous DNA to nuclear genomes: evidence from the frequency of endosymbiotic DNA transfer. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:452. [PMID: 32611311 PMCID: PMC7329468 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06865-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a widely accepted force in the evolution of prokaryotic genomes, its role in the evolution of eukaryotic genomes remains hotly debated. Some bdelloid rotifers that are resistant to extreme desiccation and radiation undergo a very high level of HGT, whereas in another desiccation-resistant invertebrate, the tardigrade, the pattern does not exist. Overall, the DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by prolonged desiccation have been postulated to open a gateway to the nuclear genome for exogenous DNA integration and thus to facilitate the HGT process, thereby enhancing the rate of endosymbiotic DNA transfer (EDT). Results We first surveyed the abundance of nuclear mitochondrial DNAs (NUMTs) and nuclear plastid DNAs (NUPTs) in five eukaryotes that are highly resistant to desiccation: the bdelloid rotifers Adineta vaga and Adineta ricciae, the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus, and the resurrection plants Dorcoceras hygrometricum and Selaginella tamariscina. Excessive NUMTs or NUPTs were not detected. Furthermore, we compared 24 groups of desiccation-tolerant organisms with their relatively less desiccation-tolerant relatives but did not find a significant difference in NUMT/NUPT contents. Conclusions Desiccation may induce DSBs, but it is unlikely to dramatically increase the frequency of exogenous sequence integration in most eukaryotes. The capture of exogenous DNA sequences is possible only when DSBs are repaired through a subtype of non-homologous end joining, named alternative end joining (alt-EJ). Due to the deleterious effects of the resulting insertion mutations, alt-EJ is less frequently initiated than other mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jun-Peng Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhihua Ni
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.,College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Deng-Ke Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering and Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amimi N, Dussert S, Vaissayre V, Ghouil H, Doulbeau S, Costantini C, Ammari Y, Joët T. Variation in seed traits among Mediterranean oaks in Tunisia and their ecological significance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:891-904. [PMID: 31904087 PMCID: PMC7218815 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Oaks are the foundation and dominant tree species of most Mediterranean forests. As climate models predict dramatic changes in the Mediterranean basin, a better understanding of the ecophysiology of seed persistence and germination in oaks could help define their regeneration niches. Tunisian oaks occupy distinct geographical areas, which differ in their rainfall and temperature regimes, and are thus a valuable model to investigate relationships between seed traits and species ecological requirements. METHODS Seed morphological traits, desiccation sensitivity level, lethal freezing temperature, embryonic axis and cotyledon sugar and lipid composition, and seed and acorn germination rates at various constant temperatures were measured in Quercus canariensis, Q. coccifera, Q. ilex and Q. suber, using seeds sampled in 22 Tunisian woodlands. KEY RESULTS Only faint differences were observed for desiccation sensitivity in the oak species studied. By contrast, the species differed significantly in sensitivity to freezing, germination rates at low temperature and base temperature. Quercus ilex and Q. canariensis, which occur at high elevations where frost events are frequent, showed the lowest freezing sensitivity. A significant correlation was found between hexose contents in the embryonic axis and freezing tolerance. Significant interspecific differences in the time for seeds to germinate and the time for the radicle to pierce the pericarp were observed. The ratio of pericarp mass to acorn mass differed significantly among the species and was negatively correlated with the acorn germination rate. Quercus coccifera, which is frequent in warm and arid environments, showed the highest acorn germination rate and synchrony. CONCLUSIONS Seed lethal temperature, seed germination time at low temperatures, the ratio of pericarp mass to acorn mass and the embryonic axis hexose content appeared to be key functional traits that may influence the geographical ranges and ecological requirements of Mediterranean oaks in Tunisia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Amimi
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Forestière, INRGREF Tunis, Rue Hédi EL Karray El Menzah IV, BP 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Stéphane Dussert
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Vaissayre
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | - Hana Ghouil
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021 Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sylvie Doulbeau
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Youssef Ammari
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Forestière, INRGREF Tunis, Rue Hédi EL Karray El Menzah IV, BP 10, 2080 Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Thierry Joët
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Predators and dispersers: Context-dependent outcomes of the interactions between rodents and a megafaunal fruit plant. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6106. [PMID: 32269241 PMCID: PMC7142068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62704-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species bear fruits that suggest adaptation to seed dispersal by extinct megafauna. Present-day seed dispersal of these megafaunal plants is carried out by rodents, which can act as predators or dispersers; whether this interaction is primarily positive or negative can depend on the context. Here, we parameterized a stochastic model using data from the field and experimental arenas to estimate the effect of rodents on the recruitment of Myrcianthes coquimbensis -an Atacama Desert shrub with megafaunal fruits- and examine whether environmental conditions can alter the sign and strength of these rodent-plant interactions. We show that the outcome of these interactions is context-dependent: in wet conditions seed removal by rodents negatively impacts the recruitment probability of M. coquimbensis; in contrast, in dry conditions, the interaction with rodents increases recruitment success. In all cases, the strength of the effect of rodents on the recruitment success was determined mainly by their role as dispersers, which could be positive or negative. This study demonstrates that by caching seeds, rodents can be effective dispersers of a megafaunal fruit plant, but that the sign and magnitude of their effect on recruitment changes as a function of the environmental context in which the interaction occurs.
Collapse
|
17
|
Shivashankar S, Sumathi M. Rapid burst of ethylene evolution by premature seed: A warning sign for the onset of spongy tissue disorder in Alphonso mango fruit? J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
Jooste M, Midgley GF, Oberlander KC, Dreyer LL. Oxalis seeds from the Cape Flora have a spectrum of germination strategies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:879-893. [PMID: 31157415 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Seed germination strategy has profound ecological and evolutionary consequences, with transitions between germination strategies receiving renewed recent attention. Oxalis from the Cape Flora, South Africa, has seeds with two contrasting germination strategies: orthodox and recalcitrant. The morphological gulf between these strategies (and potential intermediate morphologies) has been poorly quantified, with questions regarding their ecological function and evolution. We reconsidered this binary classification, emphasizing potential intermediate states. METHODS Seed physiological traits were used to assign strategies to 64 Oxalis species. We tested for morphological/phenological signal corresponding to defined strategies with cluster, principal component, K-means clustering and discriminant analyses. RESULTS We showed that an intermediate germination strategy does exist among Cape Oxalis, with two possible morphological groups within each strategy. These could reflect a continuum of germination states, where an ancestral orthodox strategy evolved toward a maximally recalcitrant peak, with a mosaic of intermediate states reflected in extant taxa. CONCLUSIONS Environmental factors may affect germination strategy and distribution throughout the Cape because recalcitrant and intermediate species are confined to the winter rainfall region. They occupy specialized niches and may face adverse impacts under predicted climate change (hotter and drier winters), meriting focused future conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jooste
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Guy F Midgley
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Kenneth C Oberlander
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Plant Sciences Complex, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Léanne L Dreyer
- Department of Botany and Zoology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Marques A, Nijveen H, Somi C, Ligterink W, Hilhorst H. Induction of desiccation tolerance in desiccation sensitive Citrus limon seeds. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:624-638. [PMID: 30697936 PMCID: PMC6593971 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many economically important perennial species bear recalcitrant seeds, including tea, coffee, cocoa, mango, citrus, rubber, oil palm and coconut. Orthodox seeds can be dried almost completely without losing viability, but so-called recalcitrant seeds have a very limited storage life and die upon drying below a higher critical moisture content than orthodox seeds. As a result, the development of long-term storage methods for recalcitrant seeds is compromised. Lowering this critical moisture content would be very valuable since dry seed storage is the safest, most convenient and cheapest method for conserving plant genetic resources. Therefore, we have attempted to induce desiccation tolerance (DT) in the desiccation sensitive seeds of Citrus limon. We show that DT can be induced by paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis) and we studied its associated transcriptome to delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying this induction of DT. Paclobutrazol not only interfered with gibberellin related gene expression but also caused extensive changes in expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of other hormones. Paclobutrazol induced a transcriptomic switch encompassing suppression of biotic- and induction of abiotic responses. We hypothesize that this is the main driver of the induction of DT by paclobutrazol in C. limon seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marques
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Harm Nijveen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Bioinformatics GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Charles Somi
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Henk Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tchokponhoué DA, N’Danikou S, Achigan-Dako EG. A combination of approaches evidenced seed storage behaviour in the miracle berry Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach. et Thonn.) Daniell. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:117. [PMID: 30922235 PMCID: PMC6440127 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge on seed storage behaviour is crucial for planning conservation strategies of plant genetic resources particularly in economically promising but endangered species like Synsepalum dulcificum, viewed as recalcitrant-seeded species albeit sound evidence was lacking. In this study, we combined an experimental approach based on critical moisture content and storage environment analysis, and the seed-coat ratio-seed dry mass (SCR-SM) model to clarify the seed storage behaviour in the species. Seed moisture content at shedding was determined and effects of dehydration and cold storage on seed viability, germination and subsequent seedling vigour were analysed. The probability for dessication-senstivity [P(D-S)] was also determined. RESULTS Our findings indicated that S. dulcificum seed moisture content at shedding was 36.60% with nearly 100% viability. Seed dehydration below 20% moisture content induced a total loss of viability whereas low temperature storage (at 10 °C or 4 °C reduced shelf life to a maximum of 7 days. More importantly, S. dulcificum seed storage at 0 °C was highly detrimental and resulted in a total loss of viability whatever the storage duration. Only a storage at 25 °C helped expand the shelf life to 28 days. However, at 28 days storage the viability was extremely low with almost no germination. The probability for dessication-senstivity P(D-S) in the species is largely greater than 0.5. Seed dehydration and storage environment highly affected subsequent germination rate and seedling vigour. While dehydration improved seedling performance storage at low temperature rather inhibited seedling growth. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings are the first to set evidence of recalcitrance in S. dulcificum and serve hands-on information for practical handling of the seeds and designing sustainable conservation practices for adequate future breeding programme in the species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dèdéou Apocalypse Tchokponhoué
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), School of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| | - Sognigbé N’Danikou
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), School of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| | - Enoch Gbènato Achigan-Dako
- Laboratory of Genetics, Horticulture and Seed Science (GBioS), School of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Normah MN, Sulong N, Reed BM. Cryopreservation of shoot tips of recalcitrant and tropical species: Advances and strategies. Cryobiology 2019; 87:1-14. [PMID: 30677412 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a pressing need for practical and successful conservation efforts to establish long-term germplasm collections of recalcitrant and tropical species, given the challenge and threat that these plants are facing. Cryopreservation is the only way of conserving some of these species, especially those with temperature or desiccation sensitive (recalcitrant) seeds. This review covers reports on cryopreservation studies of shoot tips (apical and axillary) of tropical and subtropical plants. Since many of these species have recalcitrant seeds, the cryopreservation successes, failures and problems involved with these seeds are also discussed. The methodologies, important factors and steps involved in successful cryopreservation protocols are analyzed. Finally strategies are suggested to develop a successful cryopreservation protocol for new plant species, in particular those with tropical recalcitrant seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M N Normah
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norafarain Sulong
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Barbara M Reed
- Retired, US Dept. of Agriculture and Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Marques A, Buijs G, Ligterink W, Hilhorst H. Evolutionary ecophysiology of seed desiccation sensitivity. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2018; 45:1083-1095. [PMID: 32290970 DOI: 10.1071/fp18022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Desiccation sensitive (DS) seeds do not survive dry storage due to their lack of desiccation tolerance. Almost half of the plant species in tropical rainforests produce DS seeds and therefore the desiccation sensitivity of these seeds represents a problem for and long-term biodiversity conservation. This phenomenon raises questions as to how, where and why DS (desiccation sensitive)-seeded species appeared during evolution. These species evolved probably independently from desiccation tolerant (DT) seeded ancestors. They adapted to environments where the conditions are conducive to immediate germination after shedding, e.g. constant and abundant rainy seasons. These very predictable conditions offered a relaxed selection for desiccation tolerance that eventually got lost in DS seeds. These species are highly dependent on their environment to survive and they are seriously threatened by deforestation and climate change. Understanding of the ecology, evolution and molecular mechanisms associated with seed desiccation tolerance can shed light on the resilience of DS-seeded species and guide conservation efforts. In this review, we survey the available literature for ecological and physiological aspects of DS-seeded species and combine it with recent knowledge obtained from DT model species. This enables us to generate hypotheses concerning the evolution of DS-seeded species and their associated genetic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Marques
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gonda Buijs
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, PO Box 16, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kremer KN, Promis ÁA, Mancilla G, Magni CR. Leaf litter and irrigation can increase seed germination and early seedling survival of the recalcitrant-seeded tree Beilschmiedia miersii. AUSTRAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus N. Kremer
- Chair of Silviculture; Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources; Freiburg University; Tennenbacherstr. 4 Freiburg 79108 Germany
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Álvaro A. Promis
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Gabriel Mancilla
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Centro Regional del Agua para Zonas Áridas y Semiáridas de América Latina y el Caribe (CAZALAC); La Serena Chile
| | - Carlos R. Magni
- Departamento de Silvicultura y Conservación de la Naturaleza; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Smith RS, Blaze JA, Osborne TZ, Byers JE. Facilitating your replacement? Ecosystem engineer legacy affects establishment success of an expanding competitor. Oecologia 2018; 188:251-262. [PMID: 29948316 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Interactions with resident species can affect the rate that expanding species invade novel areas. These interactions can be antagonistic (biotic resistance), where resident species hinder invasive establishment, or facilitative (biotic assistance), where residents promote invasive establishment. The predominance of resistance or assistance could vary with the abiotic context. We examined how the effects of a resident ecosystem engineer interact with abiotic stress to resist or assist the establishment of an expanding competitor. In Florida salt marshes, native cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, is an influential ecosystem engineer that, when dead, exerts a legacy effect by forming persistent wrack patches. We examined how the legacy effect of Spartina wrack varies with spatial context and abiotic conditions to influence establishment of the northward-expanding black mangrove, Avicennia germinans. Field surveys documented that Spartina wrack and Avicennia propagules co-occur in the high intertidal zone, and we conducted two outdoor mesocosm experiments to investigate this association. Wrack positively affected propagule establishment when propagules were beneath wrack, but negatively affected establishment when propagules were above wrack. The abiotic tidal regime influences the magnitude of wrack effects by controlling ambient moisture, and the positive and negative effects of wrack were stronger in low moisture conditions that simulated desiccation stress during harsh neap tides. Thus, the same resident engineer can either resist or assist an expanding competitor and the magnitude of these effects depends on abiotic conditions. We propose that under harsh conditions, there is greater scope for an engineer's mediating influence to affect associated species, both positively and negatively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Smith
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Julie A Blaze
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Todd Z Osborne
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - James E Byers
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ashokan A, Gowda V. Describing terminologies and discussing records: More discoveries of facultative vivipary in the genus Hedychium J.Koenig (Zingiberaceae) from Northeast India. PHYTOKEYS 2018; 96:21-34. [PMID: 29670451 PMCID: PMC5904510 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.96.23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The authors introduce the term facultative vivipary for the first time in gingers and elaborate on this reproductive strategy. Four new observations of facultative vivipary are reported in the genus Hedychium which were discovered during botanical explorations by the authors in Northeast India (NE India) over the past three years. The viviparous taxa are H. marginatum C.B.Clarke, H. speciosum var. gardnerianum (Ker Gawl.) Sanoj & M.Sabu (previously, H. gardnerianum Sheppard ex Ker Gawl.), H. thyrsiforme Buch.-Ham. ex Sm. and H. urophyllum G.Lodd. The authors also attempt to summarise the occurrence of vivipary in the family Zingiberaceae from published reports and to clarify a taxonomic misidentification in a previously known report of vivipary in Hedychium elatum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajith Ashokan
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India- 462066
| | - Vinita Gowda
- Tropical Ecology and Evolution (TrEE) Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research- Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India- 462066
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Vaz TAA, Rodrigues-Junior AG, Davide AC, Nakamura AT, Toorop PE. A role for fruit structure in seed survival and germination of Swartzia langsdorffii Raddi beyond dispersal. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:263-270. [PMID: 29164747 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diaspore structure has been hypothesised to play a role in seed viability and/or germination of recalcitrant seeds, especially for Swartzia langsdorffii. Thus, this work aims to (i) investigate the in situ contribution of pericarp and aril on seed viability and germination, and (ii) identify morphoanatomical traits of S. langsdorffii diaspores that allow its desiccation-sensitive seeds to remain viable. The role of the pericarp and aril in seed survival and germination was investigated by placing the whole fruit, whole seeds (arillate seed) and bare seeds (without aril) in soil in the forest understorey, assessing germination, emergence, dead, firm and predated seeds, and water content of pericarps, arils and seeds. Correlation analysis was performed between environmental variables and physiological parameters. Histochemical features of diaspores were also investigated. Pericarp water content fell after several months, while the aril maintained its water content. Seeds did not lose water even without the presence of the pericarp and aril. However, presence of the pericarp promoted seed water content, viability and germination long after dispersal. The embryo had a thickened outer periclinal cell wall. Pericarp and aril are not essential to prevent water loss in seeds, but do help to retain seed moisture, favouring viability maintenance and promoting germination during the rainy season. Morphoanatomical features of seeds are suggested as main factors that reduce water loss. Survival of these desiccation-sensitive seeds upon dispersal during the dry season appears to be facilitated by multiple diaspore features that prevent viability loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A A Vaz
- Laboratório de Sementes Florestais, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências e Linguagens, Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais, Bambuí, Brazil
| | - A G Rodrigues-Junior
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A C Davide
- Laboratório de Sementes Florestais, Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Brazil
| | - A T Nakamura
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo, Brazil
| | - P E Toorop
- Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, West Sussex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Quadros AF, Zimmer M. Dataset of "true mangroves" plant species traits. Biodivers Data J 2018:e22089. [PMID: 29362554 PMCID: PMC5769720 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.5.e22089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plant traits have been used extensively in ecology. They can be used as proxies for resource-acquisition strategies and facilitate the understanding of community structure and ecosystem functioning. However, many reviews and comparative analysis of plant traits do not include mangroves plants, possibly due to the lack of quantitative information available in a centralised form. New information Here a dataset is presented with 2364 records of traits of "true mangroves" species, gathered from 88 references (published articles, books, theses and dissertations). The dataset contains information on 107 quantitative traits and 18 qualitative traits for 55 species of "true mangroves" (sensuTomlinson 2016). Most traits refer to components of living trees (mainly leaves), but litter traits were also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Zimmer
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Transcriptome profiling during mangrove viviparity in response to abscisic acid. Sci Rep 2018; 8:770. [PMID: 29335506 PMCID: PMC5768736 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mangrove plants adapt to coastal tidal mudflats with specially evolved viviparity seed development. However, very little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms of mangrove viviparity. Here, we tested a hypothesis that plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a significant role in precocious germination of viviparous Kandelia obovata seeds by exogenous applications. Through transcriptome analysis of ABA treated seeds, it was found that ABA repressed mangrove fruit growth and development, and there were thousands of genes differentially expressed. As a result, dynamics of the pathways were dramatically altered. In particular, "Plant hormone signal transduction" and "MAPK signaling pathway" were represented significantly. Among differentially expressed genes, some key genes of ABA signal transduction were induced, while ABA biosynthesis genes were repressed. Take ABI1 and ABI2, key negative regulators in ABA signal pathway, as examples, homologous alignment and a phylogenetic tree in various species showed that ABI1 and ABI2 are highly conserved among various species. The functional similarity of these genes was confirmed by transgenic work in Arabidopsis. Taken together, ABA inhibited mangrove viviparity, but mangroves developed a mechanism to prevent accidently increase of ABA in the harsh environment for maintaining viviparous reproductive strategy.
Collapse
|
29
|
Speziale KL, Lambertucci SA, Gleiser G, Tella JL, Hiraldo F, Aizen MA. An overlooked plant-parakeet mutualism counteracts human overharvesting on an endangered tree. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171456. [PMID: 29410848 PMCID: PMC5792925 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of the human population often causes the overexploitation of resources and disruption of ecological interactions. Here, we propose that the antagonist effect of humans on exploited species might be alleviated with the advent of a second predator species. We focused on the complex interactions between an endangered conifer (Araucaria araucana) and two seed exploiters: the Austral parakeet (Enicognathus ferrugineus) and human seed collectors. We tested the importance of partial seed consumption by parakeets as an escape from human seed harvesting. Although parakeets frequently ate whole seeds, a substantial proportion of the seeds found under trees were only partially eaten and avoided by human seed collectors. These seeds germinated at a similar proportion but faster than intact seeds under laboratory conditions. Our results revealed an overlooked mutualism between parakeets and an endangered tree. Incomplete seed eating by parakeets, plus selection against these eaten seeds by humans, may enhance regeneration possibilities for this conifer species subject to human seed collection, turning the scale of the antagonism-mutualism continuum to the mutualistic side. In this context, parakeets might be providing an important service in those forests subject to human harvesting by allowing a fraction of seeds to escape human predation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina L. Speziale
- Grupo de Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio ECOTONO, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Sergio A. Lambertucci
- Grupo de Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio ECOTONO, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Gleiser
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización, Laboratorio ECOTONO, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - José L. Tella
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Hiraldo
- Departamento de Biología de la Conservación, Estación Biológica Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelo A. Aizen
- Grupo de Ecología de la Polinización, Laboratorio ECOTONO, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Singh SP, Phartyal SS, Rosbakh S. Tree seed traits' response to monsoon climate and altitude in Indian subcontinent with particular reference to the Himalayas. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7408-7419. [PMID: 28944026 PMCID: PMC5606906 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed traits are related to several ecological attributes of a plant species, including its distribution. While the storage physiology of desiccation-sensitive seeds has drawn considerable attention, their ecology has remained sidelined, particularly how the strong seasonality of precipitation in monsoonal climate affects their temporal and spatial distribution. We compiled data on seed mass, seed desiccation behavior, seed shedding, and germination periodicity in relation to monsoon and altitude for 198 native tree species of Indian Himalayas and adjoining plains to find out (1) the adaptive significance of seed mass and seed desiccation behavior in relation to monsoon and (2) the pattern of change in seed mass in relation to altitude, habitat moisture, and succession. The tree species fall into three categories with respect to seed shedding and germination periodicities: (1) species in which both seed shedding and germination are synchronized with monsoon, referred to as monsoon-synchronized (MS, 46 species); (2) species in which seed germination is synchronized with monsoon, but seeds are shed several months before monsoon, referred to as partially monsoon-synchronized (PMS, 112 species); and (3) species in which both shedding and germination occur outside of monsoon months, referred to as monsoon-desynchronized (MD, 39 species). The seed mass of MS species (1,718 mg/seed) was greater than that of PMS (627 mg/seed) and MD (1,144 mg/seed). Of the 40 species with desiccation-sensitive seeds, 45% belong to the MS category, almost similar (approx. 47%) to woody plants with desiccation-sensitive seeds in evergreen rain forests. Seed mass differed significantly as per seed desiccation behavior and successional stage. No relationship of seed mass was found with altitude alone and on the basis of seed desiccation behavior. However, seed mass trend along the altitude differed among monsoon synchronization strategies. Based on our findings, we conclude that in the predicted climate change (warming and uncertain precipitation pattern) scenario, a delay or prolonged break-spell of monsoon may adversely affect the regeneration ecology of desiccation-sensitive seed-bearing species dominant over large forest areas of monsoonal climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surendra P. Singh
- Central Himalayan Environment Association (CHEA)06 Waldorf CompoundNainitalUttarakhandIndia
| | - Shyam S. Phartyal
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourceHNB Garhwal UniversitySrinagar‐GarhwalUttarakhandIndia
| | - Sergey Rosbakh
- Chair of Ecology and Conservation BiologyUniversity of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Villegente M, Marmey P, Job C, Galland M, Cueff G, Godin B, Rajjou L, Balliau T, Zivy M, Fogliani B, Sarramegna-Burtet V, Job D. A Combination of Histological, Physiological, and Proteomic Approaches Shed Light on Seed Desiccation Tolerance of the Basal Angiosperm Amborella trichopoda. Proteomes 2017; 5:E19. [PMID: 28788068 PMCID: PMC5620536 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance allows plant seeds to remain viable in a dry state for years and even centuries. To reveal potential evolutionary processes of this trait, we have conducted a shotgun proteomic analysis of isolated embryo and endosperm from mature seeds of Amborella trichopoda, an understory shrub endemic to New Caledonia that is considered to be the basal extant angiosperm. The present analysis led to the characterization of 415 and 69 proteins from the isolated embryo and endosperm tissues, respectively. The role of these proteins is discussed in terms of protein evolution and physiological properties of the rudimentary, underdeveloped, Amborella embryos, notably considering that the acquisition of desiccation tolerance corresponds to the final developmental stage of mature seeds possessing large embryos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Villegente
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
| | - Philippe Marmey
- Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), UMR Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des plantes (DIADE), BP A5, 98848 Nouméa Cedex, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
| | - Claudette Job
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Bayer CropScience (UMR5240), Bayer CropScience, F-69263 Lyon CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Marc Galland
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (Institut National de la Rechercherche Agronomique(INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay) ; « Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS) » - RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France.
| | - Gwendal Cueff
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (Institut National de la Rechercherche Agronomique(INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay) ; « Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS) » - RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France.
- AgroParisTech, Département « Science de la Vie et Santé », Unité de Formation-Recherche en Physiologie végétale, F-75231 Paris, France.
| | - Béatrice Godin
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (Institut National de la Rechercherche Agronomique(INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay) ; « Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS) » - RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France.
- AgroParisTech, Département « Science de la Vie et Santé », Unité de Formation-Recherche en Physiologie végétale, F-75231 Paris, France.
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- IJPB, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (Institut National de la Rechercherche Agronomique(INRA), AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay) ; « Saclay Plant Sciences (SPS) » - RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France.
- AgroParisTech, Département « Science de la Vie et Santé », Unité de Formation-Recherche en Physiologie végétale, F-75231 Paris, France.
| | - Thierry Balliau
- Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud Ouest (PAPPSO), GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Michel Zivy
- Plateforme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud Ouest (PAPPSO), GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Bruno Fogliani
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
- Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Équipe ARBOREAL, Agriculture Biodiversité et Valorisation, BP 73 Port Laguerre, 98890 Païta, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
| | - Valérie Sarramegna-Burtet
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851 Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie.
| | - Dominique Job
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS-Université Claude Bernard Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées-Bayer CropScience (UMR5240), Bayer CropScience, F-69263 Lyon CEDEX 9, France.
- AgroParisTech, Département « Science de la Vie et Santé », Unité de Formation-Recherche en Physiologie végétale, F-75231 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hugo Cota-Sánchez J. Precocious Germination (Vivipary) in Tomato: A Link to Economic Loss? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-017-0878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Li W, Sichilima AM, Lu J, Wang Z. Discriminatory pre-hoarding handling and hoarding behaviour towards germinated acorns by Niviventer confucianus. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2017.1282542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, China
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Alfred M. Sichilima
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, P.O. Box 71191, Ndola, Zambia
| | - Jiqi Lu
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongquan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Road, Gaoxin District, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mu Y, Liu Y, Bai L, Li S, He C, Yan Y, Yu X, Li Y. Cucumber CsBPCs Regulate the Expression of CsABI3 during Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:459. [PMID: 28421094 PMCID: PMC5376566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber seeds with shallow dormancy start to germinate in fruit that are harvested late. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), a transcription factor in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, is one of the most important regulators in the transition from late embryogenesis to germination. Our analysis found a candidate cis-regulatory motif for cucumber BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (CsBPC) in the promoter of CsABI3. Yeast one-hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that CsBPCs bound to the promoter of CsABI3. Examination of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity driven by the CsABI3 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing CsBPCs and a Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) luciferase assay indicated that CsBPCs inhibited the expression of CsABI3. Transgenic plants overexpressing CsBPCs were constructed to confirm that CsBPCs participates in the control of seed germination. This study of the cucumber BPC-ABI3 pathway will help to explore and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination and will provide necessary information for seed conservation in agriculture and forestry.
Collapse
|
35
|
Obroucheva N, Sinkevich I, Lityagina S. Physiological aspects of seed recalcitrance: a case study on the tree Aesculus hippocastanum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:1127-1150. [PMID: 27259638 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recalcitrant seeds are typical of some tropical and subtropical trees. Their post-shedding life activity proceeds in humid air and wet litter. They are desiccation sensitive and, for this reason, have a short life span and need some special procedures for cryopreservation. This review is devoted to the post-shedding life strategy of recalcitrant seeds, which includes the maintenance of high hydration status, metabolic readiness and ability to rapidly germinate before desiccation-induced damage exerts a lethal effect. The main physiological aspects of recalcitrant seeds are considered starting from mature seeds, followed during dormancy if occurs and resulting in germination. The collected data embrace the metabolic processes in embryonic axes and whole seeds. The up-to-date results are integrated covering the main metabolic processes, namely water status and transport, protein and carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant defense, axis-cotyledon relations, hormonal control and germination. Among the representatives of various taxa, the seeds of which exhibit recalcitrance, attention was given to horse chestnut seeds as one of most studied recalcitrants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Obroucheva
- Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya str. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Irina Sinkevich
- Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya str. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Snejana Lityagina
- Institute of Plant Physiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya str. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wen B, Liu M, Tan Y, Liu Q. Sensitivity to high temperature and water stress in recalcitrant Baccaurea ramiflora seeds. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2016; 129:637-645. [PMID: 26920843 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-016-0810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Southeast Asia experiences one of the highest rates of deforestation in the tropics due to agricultural expansion, logging, habitat fragmentation and urbanization. As tropical rainforests harbour abundant recalcitrant-seeded species, it is important to understand how recalcitrant seeds respond to deforestation and fragmentation. Baccaurea ramiflora is a recalcitrant-seeded species, widely distributed in Southeast Asian tropical rainforest. In this study, B. ramiflora seeds were sown in three plots, one in a nature reserve and two in disturbed holy hill forests, to investigate seed germination and seedling establishment in the field, while laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature and water stress on germination. It was found that seed germination and seedling establishment in B. ramiflora were clearly reduced in holy hills compared to the nature reserve, although the seeds were only moderately to minimally recalcitrant. This was potentially caused by increased temperature and decreased moisture in holy hills, for laboratory experiments showed that seed germination was greatly inhibited by temperatures ≥35 °C or water potentials ≤-0.5 MPa, and depressed by heat treatment at 40 °C when the continuous heating period lasted for 240 h or daily periodic heating exceeded 10 h. Unlike orthodox seeds, which can endure much higher temperatures in the air-dried state than in the imbibed state, both blotted and immersed B. ramiflora seeds lost viability within a narrow temperature range between 50 and 60 °C. As recalcitrant seeds can be neither air-dried nor heated, species producing recalcitrant seeds will suffer more than those producing orthodox seeds in germination and seedling establishment from increased temperature and decreased moisture in fragmented rainforests, which results in sensitivity of recalcitrant-seeded species to rainforest fragmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wen
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China.
| | - Minghang Liu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yunhong Tan
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, 666303, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Larkin DJ, Jacobi SK, Hipp AL, Kramer AT. Keeping All the PIECES: Phylogenetically Informed Ex Situ Conservation of Endangered Species. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156973. [PMID: 27257671 PMCID: PMC4892560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex situ conservation in germplasm and living collections is a major focus of global plant conservation strategies. Prioritizing species for ex situ collection is a necessary component of this effort for which sound strategies are needed. Phylogenetic considerations can play an important role in prioritization. Collections that are more phylogenetically diverse are likely to encompass more ecological and trait variation, and thus provide stronger conservation insurance and richer resources for future restoration efforts. However, phylogenetic criteria need to be weighed against other, potentially competing objectives. We used ex situ collection and threat rank data for North American angiosperms to investigate gaps in ex situ coverage and phylogenetic diversity of collections and to develop a flexible framework for prioritizing species across multiple objectives. We found that ex situ coverage of 18,766 North American angiosperm taxa was low with respect to the most vulnerable taxa: just 43% of vulnerable to critically imperiled taxa were in ex situ collections, far short of a year-2020 goal of 75%. In addition, species held in ex situ collections were phylogenetically clustered (P < 0.001), i.e., collections comprised less phylogenetic diversity than would be expected had species been drawn at random. These patterns support incorporating phylogenetic considerations into ex situ prioritization in a manner balanced with other criteria, such as vulnerability. To meet this need, we present the ‘PIECES’ index (Phylogenetically Informed Ex situ Conservation of Endangered Species). PIECES integrates phylogenetic considerations into a flexible framework for prioritizing species across competing objectives using multi-criteria decision analysis. Applying PIECES to prioritizing ex situ conservation of North American angiosperms, we show strong return on investment across multiple objectives, some of which are negatively correlated with each other. A spreadsheet-based decision support tool for North American angiosperms is provided; this tool can be customized to align with different conservation objectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Larkin
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah K. Jacobi
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrew L. Hipp
- Herbarium, The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Botany, The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Plant Science and Conservation, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Thite SV, Hande PR, Kore BA. Occurrence of Vivipary in Memecylon umbellatum Burm. NATIONAL ACADEMY SCIENCE LETTERS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40009-015-0408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Loayza AP, Gachon PR, García-Guzmán P, Carvajal DE, Squeo FA. Germination, seedling performance, and root production after simulated partial seed predation of a threatened Atacama Desert shrub. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-015-0039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
|
40
|
Zhou SF, Sun L, Valdés AE, Engström P, Song ZT, Lu SJ, Liu JX. Membrane-associated transcription factor peptidase, site-2 protease, antagonizes ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:188-97. [PMID: 25919792 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid plays important roles in maintaining seed dormancy while gibberellins (GA) and other phytohormones antagonize ABA to promote germination. However, how ABA signaling is desensitized during the transition from dormancy to germination is still poorly understood. We functionally characterized the role of membrane-associated transcription factor peptidase, site-2 protease (S2P), in ABA signaling during seed germination in Arabidopsis. Genetic analysis showed that loss-of-function of S2P conferred high ABA sensitivity during seed germination, and expression of the activated form of membrane-associated transcription factor bZIP17, in which the transmembrane domain and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen-facing C-terminus were deleted, in the S2P mutant rescued its ABA-sensitive phenotype. MYC and green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged bZIP17 were processed and translocated from the ER to the nucleus in response to ABA treatment. Furthermore, genes encoding negative regulators of ABA signaling, such as the transcription factor ATHB7 and its target genes HAB1, HAB2, HAI1 and AHG3, were up-regulated in seeds of the wild-type upon ABA treatment; this up-regulation was impaired in seeds of S2P mutants. Our results suggest that S2P desensitizes ABA signaling during seed germination through regulating the activation of the membrane-associated transcription factor bZIP17 and therefore controlling the expression level of genes encoding negative regulators of ABA signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Le Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ana Elisa Valdés
- Physiological Botany, Uppsala BioCenter, Uppsala University, Almas Allé 5, 75651, Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Engström
- Physiological Botany, Uppsala BioCenter, Uppsala University, Almas Allé 5, 75651, Uppsala, Sweden
- Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ze-Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Sun-Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian-Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ramlall C, Varghese B, Ramdhani S, Pammenter NW, Bhatt A, Berjak P. Effects of simulated acid rain on germination, seedling growth and oxidative metabolism of recalcitrant-seeded Trichilia dregeana grown in its natural seed bank. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:149-160. [PMID: 24835442 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased air pollution in a number of developing African countries, together with the reports of vegetation damage typically associated with acid precipitation in commercial forests in South Africa, has raised concerns over the potential impacts of acid rain on natural vegetation in these countries. Recalcitrant (i.e. desiccation sensitive) seeds of many indigenous African species, e.g. must germinate shortly after shedding and hence, may not be able to avoid exposure to acid rain in polluted areas. This study investigated the effects of simulated acid rain (rainwater with pH adjusted to pH 3.0 and 4.5 with 70:30, H2 SO4 :HNO3 ) on germination, seedling growth and oxidative metabolism in a recalcitrant-seeded African tree species Trichilia dregeana Sond., growing in its natural seed bank. The results suggest that acid rain did not compromise T. dregeana seed germination and seedling establishment significantly, relative to the control (non-acidified rainwater). However, pH 3.0 treated seedlings exhibited signs of stress typically associated with acid rain: leaf tip necrosis, abnormal bilobed leaf tips, leaf necrotic spots and chlorosis, reduced leaf chlorophyll concentration, increased stomatal density and indications of oxidative stress. This may explain why total and root biomass of pH 3.0 treated seedlings were significantly lower than the control. Acid rain also induced changes in the species composition and relative abundance of the different life forms emerging from T. dregeana's natural seed bank and in this way could indirectly impact on T. dregeana seedling establishment success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandika Ramlall
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xia K, Hill LM, Li DZ, Walters C. Factors affecting stress tolerance in recalcitrant embryonic axes from seeds of four Quercus (Fagaceae) species native to the USA or China. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:1747-59. [PMID: 25326139 PMCID: PMC4649694 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quercus species are often considered 'foundation' components of several temperate and/or subtropical forest ecosystems. However, the populations of some species are declining and there is considerable urgency to develop ex situ conservation strategies. In this study, the storage physiology of seeds within Quercus was explored in order to determine factors that affect survival during cryopreservation and to provide a quantitative assessment of seed recalcitrance to support future studies of this complex trait. METHODS Water relations and survival of excised axes in response to water loss and cryo-exposure were compared for four Quercus species from subtropical China (Q. franchetii, Q. schottkyana) and temperate USA (Q. gambelii, Q. rubra). KEY RESULTS Seed tissues initially had high water contents and water potentials. Desiccation tolerance of the embryonic axis was not correlated with the post-shedding rainfall patterns where the samples originated. Instead, higher desiccation tolerance was observed in samples growing in areas with colder winters. Survival following cryo-exposure correlated with desiccation tolerance. Among species, plumule tissues were more sensitive than radicles to excision, desiccation and cryo-exposure, and this led to a higher proportion of abnormally developing embryos during recovery following stress. CONCLUSIONS Quercus species adapted to arid and semi-humid climates still produce recalcitrant seeds. The ability to avoid freezing rather than drought may be a more important selection factor to increase desiccation tolerance. Cryopreservation of recalcitrant germplasm from temperate species is currently feasible, whilst additional protective treatments are needed for ex situ conservation of Quercus from tropical and subtropical areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xia
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - Lisa M Hill
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| | - De-Zhu Li
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Christina Walters
- USDA-ARS National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation, Fort Collins, CO 80524, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ding ZJ, Yan JY, Li GX, Wu ZC, Zhang SQ, Zheng SJ. WRKY41 controls Arabidopsis seed dormancy via direct regulation of ABI3 transcript levels not downstream of ABA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 79:810-23. [PMID: 24946881 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait, its molecular basis is poorly understood. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) plays an essential role in the establishment of seed dormancy. Here, we show that the lack of a seed-expressed WRKY transcription factor, WRKY41, confers reduced primary seed dormancy and thermoinhibition, phenotypes resembling those for a lack of ABI3. Loss-of-function abi3-17 and wrky41 alleles also both confer reduced sensitivity to ABA during germination and early seedling growth. Absence of WRKY41 decreases ABI3 transcript abundance in maturing and imbibed seeds, whereas transgenically overexpressing WRKY41 increases ABI3 expression. Moreover, transgenic overexpression of ABI3 completely restores seed dormancy phenotypes on wrky41. ChIP-qPCR and EMSA reveal that WRKY41 binds directly to the ABI3 promoter through three adjacent W-boxes, and a transactivation assay indicates that these W-boxes are essential for ABI3 expression. Whilst RT-qPCR analysis shows that the regulation of ABI3 by WRKY41 is not through ABA and other factors known to promote ABI3 transcription during seed maturation and germination, we also show that high concentrations of ABA might promote negative feedback regulation of WRKY41 expression. Finally, analysis of the wrky41 aba2 double mutant confirms that WRKY41 and ABA collaboratively regulate ABI3 expression and seed dormancy. In summary, our results demonstrate that WRKY41 is an important regulator of ABI3 expression, and hence of seed dormancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Radwan A, Hara M, Kleinwächter M, Selmar D. Dehydrin expression in seeds and maturation drying: a paradigm change. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:853-5. [PMID: 25040649 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins are well known for being expressed in leaves during the course of developmental processes as well as under drought stress, being part of the protective machinery. Moreover, in seed physiology, dehydrins are classified as late embryogenesis-related proteins (LEA protein), where they are thought to be responsible for persistence and longevity of seeds. Although both topics are a focus of modern plant biology, a direct linkage between these both areas is generally lacking. Based on an alignment of the chain of events, this paper will help to generate understanding that the occurrence of dehydrins in maturing seeds and leaves suffering drought stress is part of the same basic principle: basic principle: dehydrins are expressed in response to water shortage. Unfortunately, the related developmental process in seeds, i.e. maturation drying, has not been adequately considered as a part of this process. As a corresponding implication, the chain of events must be adjusted: the differences in dehydrin expression in orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant seeds could be directly attributed to the occurrence or absence of maturation drying. The differences in dehydrin expression in orthodox, intermediate and recalcitrant seeds, and thus the differences in longevity, could be attributed to the occurrence or absence of a maturation drying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Radwan
- Institute for Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ballesteros D, Sershen, Varghese B, Berjak P, Pammenter NW. Uneven drying of zygotic embryos and embryonic axes of recalcitrant seeds: challenges and considerations for cryopreservation. Cryobiology 2014; 69:100-9. [PMID: 24909952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation is the most promising option for the long-term germplasm conservation of recalcitrant-seeded species. However, the variable post-cryo success achieved with the excised zygotic explants traditionally used for cryopreservation has been a concern for some time. Differential drying rates amongst explants of different species, uneven drying amongst explants within a batch of seeds and uneven drying across tissues within individual embryos could be contributory factors to this variable success and these phenomena form the foci of the present study. Using zygotic explants from a range of recalcitrant-seeded species, which included sub-tropical dicotyledonous trees and sub-tropical monocotyledonous geophytes, the study showed that embryo morphology and anatomy are critical determinants of the drying characteristics of the different tissues composing the explant and hence, post-cryo survival. The results suggest that the rates of drying of explants to water contents (WCs) in the theoretically optimal range for successful cryopreservation are species-specific, and that more rapid drying rates may promote post-cryo survival. However, the large variation in WC amongst individual explants in bulk samples challenges the selection of the theoretically optimum WC for cryopreservation. As a consequence of differential drying rates across the different tissues composing explants, either lethal ice crystal damage or desiccation damage may sometimes be likely in tissues responsible for the onwards development of the embryo. Drying times for cryopreservation of such explants should, therefore, be selected on the basis of WC of segments containing root or shoot meristem, rather than embryo bulk WC. Drying intensity and duration also interact with explant morphology and embryo/axis size and anatomy to bring about - or preclude - post-cryo survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballesteros
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Sershen
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Boby Varghese
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Patricia Berjak
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Norman W Pammenter
- Plant Germplasm Conservation Research, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Ring Road, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kleinwächter M, Radwan A, Hara M, Selmar D. Dehydrin expression in seeds: an issue of maturation drying. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:402. [PMID: 25221559 PMCID: PMC4145252 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maik Kleinwächter
- Institute for Plant Biology, Department of Life SciencesTechnische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alzahraa Radwan
- Institute for Plant Biology, Department of Life SciencesTechnische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Masakazu Hara
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka UniversityShizuoka, Japan
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, Department of Life SciencesTechnische Universität Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Delahaie J, Hundertmark M, Bove J, Leprince O, Rogniaux H, Buitink J. LEA polypeptide profiling of recalcitrant and orthodox legume seeds reveals ABI3-regulated LEA protein abundance linked to desiccation tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:4559-73. [PMID: 24043848 PMCID: PMC3808335 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to orthodox seeds that acquire desiccation tolerance during maturation, recalcitrant seeds are unable to survive drying. These desiccation-sensitive seeds constitute an interesting model for comparative analysis with phylogenetically close species that are desiccation tolerant. Considering the importance of LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) proteins as protective molecules both in drought and in desiccation tolerance, the heat-stable proteome was characterized in cotyledons of the legume Castanospermum australe and it was compared with that of the orthodox model legume Medicago truncatula. RNA sequencing identified transcripts of 16 homologues out of 17 LEA genes for which polypeptides are detected in M. truncatula seeds. It is shown that for 12 LEA genes, polypeptides were either absent or strongly reduced in C. australe cotyledons compared with M. truncatula seeds. Instead, osmotically responsive, non-seed-specific dehydrins accumulated to high levels in the recalcitrant cotyledons compared with orthodox seeds. Next, M. truncatula mutants of the abscisic acid insensitive3 (ABI3) gene were characterized. Mature Mtabi3 seeds were found to be desiccation sensitive when dried below a critical water content of 0.4 g H2O g DW(-1). Characterization of the LEA proteome of the Mtabi3 seeds revealed a subset of LEA proteins with severely reduced abundance that were also found to be reduced or absent in C. australe cotyledons. Transcripts of these genes were indeed shown to be ABI3 responsive. The results highlight those LEA proteins that are critical to desiccation tolerance and suggest that comparable regulatory pathways responsible for their accumulation are missing in both desiccation-sensitive genotypes, revealing new insights into the mechanistic basis of the recalcitrant trait in seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Delahaie
- Université d’Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Michaela Hundertmark
- Université d’Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, 49045 Angers, France
- * Present address: Vilmorin SA, Route du Manoir, 49250 La Ménitré, France
| | - Jérôme Bove
- Université d’Angers, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Leprince
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, 49045 Angers, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UR1268 Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, Plate-forme Biopolymères-Biologie Structurale, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Julia Buitink
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, SFR 4207 QUASAV, PRES L’UNAM, 49045 Angers, France
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dinh ST, Baldwin IT, Gális I. Multiple interactions of NaHER1 protein with abscisic acid signaling in Nicotiana attenuata plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e26365. [PMID: 24022276 PMCID: PMC4091387 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we identified a novel herbivore elicitor-regulated protein in Nicotiana attenuata (NaHER1) that is required to suppress abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism during herbivore attack and activate a full defense response against herbivores. ABA, in addition to its newly defined role in defense activation, mainly controls seed germination and stomatal function of land plants. Here we show that N. attenuata seeds silenced in the expression of NaHER1 by RNA interference (irHER1) accumulated less ABA during germination, and germinated faster on ABA-containing media compared to WT. Curiously, epidermal cells of irHER1 plants were wrinkled, possibly due to the previously demonstrated increase in transpiration of irHER1 plants that may affect turgor and cause wrinkling of the cells. We conclude that NaHER1 is a highly pleiotropic regulator of ABA responses in N. attenuata plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology; Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology; Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shu K, Zhang H, Wang S, Chen M, Wu Y, Tang S, Liu C, Feng Y, Cao X, Xie Q. ABI4 regulates primary seed dormancy by regulating the biogenesis of abscisic acid and gibberellins in arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003577. [PMID: 23818868 PMCID: PMC3688486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed dormancy is an important economic trait for agricultural production. Abscisic acid (ABA) and Gibberellins (GA) are the primary factors that regulate the transition from dormancy to germination, and they regulate this process antagonistically. The detailed regulatory mechanism involving crosstalk between ABA and GA, which underlies seed dormancy, requires further elucidation. Here, we report that ABI4 positively regulates primary seed dormancy, while negatively regulating cotyledon greening, by mediating the biogenesis of ABA and GA. Seeds of the Arabidopsis abi4 mutant that were subjected to short-term storage (one or two weeks) germinated significantly more quickly than Wild-Type (WT), and abi4 cotyledons greened markedly more quickly than WT, while the rates of germination and greening were comparable when the seeds were subjected to longer-term storage (six months). The ABA content of dry abi4 seeds was remarkably lower than that of WT, but the amounts were comparable after stratification. Consistently, the GA level of abi4 seeds was increased compared to WT. Further analysis showed that abi4 was resistant to treatment with paclobutrazol (PAC), a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, during germination, while OE-ABI4 was sensitive to PAC, and exogenous GA rescued the delayed germination phenotype of OE-ABI4. Analysis by qRT-PCR showed that the expression of genes involved in ABA and GA metabolism in dry and germinating seeds corresponded to hormonal measurements. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) and transient expression analysis showed that ABI4 repressed CYP707A1 and CYP707A2 expression by directly binding to those promoters, and the ABI4 binding elements are essential for this repression. Accordingly, further genetic analysis showed that abi4 recovered the delayed germination phenotype of cyp707a1 and cyp707a2 and further, rescued the non-germinating phenotype of ga1-t. Taken together, this study suggests that ABI4 is a key factor that regulates primary seed dormancy by mediating the balance between ABA and GA biogenesis. Seed dormancy prevents or delays germination in maturated seeds. The optimal level of seed dormancy is a valuable trait for agricultural production and post-harvest management. High ABA and low GA content in seeds promote seed dormancy. However, the precise molecular mechanisms controlling seed dormancy and germination remain unclear. We found that ABI4, the key transcription factor in the ABA signaling pathway, indeed controls primary seed dormancy. This result contradicts the previous conclusion that ABI4 is not involved in the control of seed dormancy. Several lines of evidence support our conclusion. For example, detailed physiological analysis of the germination of abi4 seeds that were harvested immediately and stored for various periods of time and subjected to various treatments allowed us to conclude that ABI4 negatively regulates primary seed dormancy. The molecular mechanism responsible for this control is as follows: ABI4 directly or indirectly regulates the key genes of the ABA and GA biogenesis pathways, which then regulates the ABA and GA contents in seeds. Importantly, further genetic interactions between CYP707A1, CYP707A2, GA1, and ABI4 also support our conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shengfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingluan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yaorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Sanyuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Xiao Z, Gao X, Zhang Z. The combined effects of seed perishability and seed size on hoarding decisions by Pére David’s rock squirrels. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|