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Iwai N, Akaki K, Hia F, Li W, Yoshinaga M, Mino T, Takeuchi O. UPF1 plays critical roles in early B cell development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5765. [PMID: 38982067 PMCID: PMC11233602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent RNA helicase UPF1 plays a crucial role in various mRNA degradation pathways, most importantly in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Here, we show that UPF1 is upregulated during the early stages of B cell development and is important for early B cell development in the bone marrow. B-cell-specific Upf1 deletion in mice severely impedes the early to late LPre-B cell transition, in which VH-DHJH recombination occurs at the Igh gene. Furthermore, UPF1 is indispensable for VH-DHJH recombination, without affecting DH-JH recombination. Intriguingly, the genetic pre-arrangement of the Igh gene rescues the differentiation defect in early LPre-B cells under Upf1 deficient conditions. However, differentiation is blocked again following Ig light chain recombination, leading to a failure in development into immature B cells. Notably, UPF1 interacts with and regulates the expression of genes involved in immune responses, cell cycle control, NMD, and the unfolded protein response in B cells. Collectively, our findings underscore the critical roles of UPF1 during the early LPre-B cell stage and beyond, thus orchestrating B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Iwai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Akaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fabian Hia
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Yoshinaga
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Mino
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Banerjee S, Sanyal S, Hodawadekar S, Naiyer S, Bano N, Banerjee A, Rhoades J, Dong D, Allman D, Atchison ML. Unusual lineage plasticity revealed by YY1 knockout in pro-B cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586298. [PMID: 38586061 PMCID: PMC10996465 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
During B cell development, cells progress through multiple developmental stages with the pro-B cell stage defining commitment to the B cell lineage. YY1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor that is capable of both activation and repression functions. We find here that knockout of YY1 at the pro-B cell stage eliminates B lineage commitment. YY1 knockout pro-B cells can generate T lineage cells in vitro using the OP9- DL4 feeder system, as well as in vivo after injection into sub-lethally irradiated Rag1 -/- mice. These T lineage-like cells lose their B lineage transcript profile and gain a T cell lineage profile. Single cell-RNA-seq experiments showed that as YY1 knockout pro-B cells transition into T lineage cells, various cell clusters adopt transcript profiles representing a multiplicity of hematopoietic lineages indicating unusual lineage plasticity. Given the ubiquitous nature of YY1 and its dual activation and repression functions, YY1 likely regulates commitment in multiple cell lineages.
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Fregona V, Bayet M, Bouttier M, Largeaud L, Hamelle C, Jamrog LA, Prade N, Lagarde S, Hebrard S, Luquet I, Mansat-De Mas V, Nolla M, Pasquet M, Didier C, Khamlichi AA, Broccardo C, Delabesse É, Mancini SJ, Gerby B. Stem cell-like reprogramming is required for leukemia-initiating activity in B-ALL. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230279. [PMID: 37930337 PMCID: PMC10626194 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a multistep disease characterized by the hierarchical acquisition of genetic alterations. However, the question of how a primary oncogene reprograms stem cell-like properties in committed B cells and leads to a preneoplastic population remains unclear. Here, we used the PAX5::ELN oncogenic model to demonstrate a causal link between the differentiation blockade, the self-renewal, and the emergence of preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs). We show that PAX5::ELN disrupts the differentiation of preleukemic cells by enforcing the IL7r/JAK-STAT pathway. This disruption is associated with the induction of rare and quiescent pre-LSCs that sustain the leukemia-initiating activity, as assessed using the H2B-GFP model. Integration of transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility data reveals that those quiescent pre-LSCs lose B cell identity and reactivate an immature molecular program, reminiscent of human B-ALL chemo-resistant cells. Finally, our transcriptional regulatory network reveals the transcription factor EGR1 as a strong candidate to control quiescence/resistance of PAX5::ELN pre-LSCs as well as of blasts from human B-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fregona
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Bayet
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathieu Bouttier
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Largeaud
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Hamelle
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Laura A. Jamrog
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Naïs Prade
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphanie Lagarde
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Hebrard
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Mansat-De Mas
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Nolla
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Marlène Pasquet
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Didier
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Ahmed Amine Khamlichi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III—Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
| | - Cyril Broccardo
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
| | - Éric Delabesse
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane J.C. Mancini
- Université de Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang, Inserm, MOBIDIC—UMR_S 1236, Rennes, France
| | - Bastien Gerby
- Université de Toulouse, Inserm, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer 2023, Toulouse, France
- Équipe Labellisée Institut Carnot Opale, Toulouse, France
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Jiao A, Zhang C, Wang X, Sun L, Liu H, Su Y, Lei L, Li W, Ding R, Ding C, Dou M, Tian P, Sun C, Yang X, Zhang L, Zhang B. Single-cell sequencing reveals the evolution of immune molecules across multiple vertebrate species. J Adv Res 2024; 55:73-87. [PMID: 36871615 PMCID: PMC10770119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both innate and adaptive immune system undergo evolution from low to high vertebrates. Due to the limitation of conventional approaches in identifying broader spectrum of immune cells and molecules from various vertebrates, it remains unclear how immune molecules evolve among vertebrates. OBJECTIVES Here, we utilized carry out comparative transcriptome analysis in various immune cells across seven vertebrate species. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). RESULTS We uncovered both conserved and species-specific profiling of gene expression in innate and adaptive immunity. Macrophages exhibited highly-diversified genes and developed sophisticated molecular signaling networks along with evolution, indicating effective and versatile functions in higher species. In contrast, B cells conservatively evolved with less differentially-expressed genes in analyzed species. Interestingly, T cells represented a dominant immune cell populations in all species and unique T cell populations were identified in zebrafish and pig. We also revealed compensatory TCR cascade components utilized by different species. Inter-species comparison of core gene programs demonstrated mouse species has the highest similarity in immune transcriptomes to human. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our comparative study reveals gene transcription characteristics across multiple vertebrate species during the evolution of immune system, providing insights for species-specific immunity as well as the translation of animal studies to human physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chenguang Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Meng Dou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Puxun Tian
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China; Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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Ji X, Wu L, Marion T, Luo Y. Lipid metabolism in regulation of B cell development and autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:40-51. [PMID: 37419766 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
B cells play an important role in adaptive immunity and participate in the process of humoral immunity mainly by secreting antibodies. The entire development and differentiation process of B cells occurs in multiple microenvironments and is regulated by a variety of environmental factors and immune signals. Differentiation biases or disfunction of B cells participate in the process of many autoimmune diseases. Emerging studies report the impact of altered metabolism in B cell biology, including lipid metabolism. Here, we discuss how extracellular lipid environment and metabolites, membrane lipid-related components, and lipid synthesis and catabolism programs coordinate B cell biology and describe the crosstalk of lipid metabolic programs with signal transduction pathways and transcription factors. We conclude with a summary of therapeutic targets for B cell lipid metabolism and signaling in autoimmune diseases and discuss important future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tony Marion
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yubin Luo
- Laboratory of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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6
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Korzhenevich J, Janowska I, van der Burg M, Rizzi M. Human and mouse early B cell development: So similar but so different. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:1-12. [PMID: 37442242 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Early B cell development in the bone marrow ensures the replenishment of the peripheral B cell pool. Immature B cells continuously develop from hematopoietic stem cells, in a process guided by an intricate network of transcription factors as well as chemokine and cytokine signals. Humans and mice possess somewhat similar regulatory mechanisms of B lymphopoiesis. The continuous discovery of monogenetic defects that impact early B cell development in humans substantiates the similarities and differences with B cell development in mice. These differences become relevant when targeted therapeutic approaches are used in patients; therefore, predicting potential immunological adverse events is crucial. In this review, we have provided a phenotypical classification of human and murine early progenitors and B cell stages, based on surface and intracellular protein expression. Further, we have critically compared the role of key transcription factors (Ikaros, E2A, EBF1, PAX5, and Aiolos) and chemo- or cytokine signals (FLT3, c-kit, IL-7R, and CXCR4) during homeostatic and aberrant B lymphopoiesis in both humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakov Korzhenevich
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iga Janowska
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Rizzi
- Division of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Freiburg University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany; CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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Gan L, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Chen Q. The potential role of m6A modifications on immune cells and immunotherapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114343. [PMID: 36758318 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), is the most prevalent and reversible post-transcriptional epigenetic modification of RNA in mammals. Dysregulation of m6A modifications impacts RNA procession, degradation, translocation, and translation, disrupting immune cell homeostasis and promoting tumor initiation and development. Here, we discuss an -up-to-date summary of the mechanisms by which m6A modifications regulate immune cell anti-tumor as well as self-homeostasis. We also present how the dysregulation of m6A modifications intrinsic to tumor cells regulates the function of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Meanwhile, we described some specific inhibitors targeting m6A modulators and discussed their potential use in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Gan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, College Town, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 350117, PR China.
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8
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David K, Friedlander G, Pellegrino B, Radomir L, Lewinsky H, Leng L, Bucala R, Becker-Herman S, Shachar I. CD74 as a regulator of transcription in normal B cells. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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9
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RNA methylation in immune cells. Adv Immunol 2022; 155:39-94. [PMID: 36357012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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10
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Identifying General Tumor and Specific Lung Cancer Biomarkers by Transcriptomic Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071082. [PMID: 36101460 PMCID: PMC9313083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bioinformatic pipeline previously developed in our research laboratory is used to identify potential general and specific deregulated tumor genes and transcription factors related to the establishment and progression of tumoral diseases, now comparing lung cancer with other two types of cancer. Twenty microarray datasets were selected and analyzed separately to identify hub differentiated expressed genes and compared to identify all the deregulated genes and transcription factors in common between the three types of cancer and those unique to lung cancer. The winning DEGs analysis allowed to identify an important number of TFs deregulated in the majority of microarray datasets, which can become key biomarkers of general tumors and specific to lung cancer. A coexpression network was constructed for every dataset with all deregulated genes associated with lung cancer, according to DAVID’s tool enrichment analysis, and transcription factors capable of regulating them, according to oPOSSUM´s tool. Several genes and transcription factors are coexpressed in the networks, suggesting that they could be related to the establishment or progression of the tumoral pathology in any tissue and specifically in the lung. The comparison of the coexpression networks of lung cancer and other types of cancer allowed the identification of common connectivity patterns with deregulated genes and transcription factors correlated to important tumoral processes and signaling pathways that have not been studied yet to experimentally validate their role in lung cancer. The Kaplan–Meier estimator determined the association of thirteen deregulated top winning transcription factors with the survival of lung cancer patients. The coregulatory analysis identified two top winning transcription factors networks related to the regulatory control of gene expression in lung and breast cancer. Our transcriptomic analysis suggests that cancer has an important coregulatory network of transcription factors related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, lung cancer has a group of genes and transcription factors unique to pulmonary tissue that are coexpressed during tumorigenesis and must be studied experimentally to fully understand their role in the pathogenesis within its very complex transcriptomic scenario. Therefore, the downstream bioinformatic analysis developed was able to identify a coregulatory metafirm of cancer in general and specific to lung cancer taking into account the great heterogeneity of the tumoral process at cellular and population levels.
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11
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Deletion of Mettl3 at the Pro-B Stage Marginally Affects B Cell Development and Profibrogenic Activity of B Cells in Liver Fibrosis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:8118577. [PMID: 35747688 PMCID: PMC9213183 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8118577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification plays a pivotal role in cell fate determination. Previous studies show that eliminating m6A using Mb1-Cre dramatically impairs B cell development. However, whether disturbing m6A modification at later stages affects B cell development and function remains elusive. Here, we deleted m6A methyltransferase Mettl3 from the pro-B stage on using Cd19-Cre (Mettl3 cKO) and found that the frequency of total B cells in peripheral blood, peritoneal cavity, and liver is comparable between Mettl3 cKO mice and wild-type (WT) littermates, while the percentage of whole splenic B cells slightly increases in Mettl3 cKO individuals. The proportion of pre-pro-B, pro-B, pre-B, immature, and mature B cells in the bone marrow were minimally affected. Loss of Mettl3 resulted in increased apoptosis but barely affected B cells' proliferation and IgG production upon LPS, CD40L, anti-IgM, or TNF-α stimulation. Different stimuli had different effects on B cell activation. In addition, B cell-specific Mettl3 knockout had no influence on the pro-fibrogenic activity of B cells in liver fibrosis, evidenced by comparable fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) treated Mettl3 cKO mice and WT controls. In summary, our study demonstrated that deletion of Mettl3 from the pro-B stage on has minimal effects on B cell development and function, as well as profibrogenic activity of B cells in liver fibrosis, revealing a stage-specific dependence on Mettl3-mediated m6A of B cell development.
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12
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Cheng J, Clayton JS, Acemel RD, Zheng Y, Taylor RL, Keleş S, Franke M, Boackle SA, Harley JB, Quail E, Gómez-Skarmeta JL, Ulgiati D. Regulatory Architecture of the RCA Gene Cluster Captures an Intragenic TAD Boundary, CTCF-Mediated Chromatin Looping and a Long-Range Intergenic Enhancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:901747. [PMID: 35769482 PMCID: PMC9235356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.901747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Regulators of Complement Activation (RCA) gene cluster comprises several tandemly arranged genes with shared functions within the immune system. RCA members, such as complement receptor 2 (CR2), are well-established susceptibility genes in complex autoimmune diseases. Altered expression of RCA genes has been demonstrated at both the functional and genetic level, but the mechanisms underlying their regulation are not fully characterised. We aimed to investigate the structural organisation of the RCA gene cluster to identify key regulatory elements that influence the expression of CR2 and other genes in this immunomodulatory region. Using 4C, we captured extensive CTCF-mediated chromatin looping across the RCA gene cluster in B cells and showed these were organised into two topologically associated domains (TADs). Interestingly, an inter-TAD boundary was located within the CR1 gene at a well-characterised segmental duplication. Additionally, we mapped numerous gene-gene and gene-enhancer interactions across the region, revealing extensive co-regulation. Importantly, we identified an intergenic enhancer and functionally demonstrated this element upregulates two RCA members (CR2 and CD55) in B cells. We have uncovered novel, long-range mechanisms whereby autoimmune disease susceptibility may be influenced by genetic variants, thus highlighting the important contribution of chromatin topology to gene regulation and complex genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joshua S. Clayton
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Rafael D. Acemel
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ye Zheng
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States,Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rhonda L. Taylor
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia,Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Martin Franke
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susan A. Boackle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States,Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - John B. Harley
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States,US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Elizabeth Quail
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - José Luis Gómez-Skarmeta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniela Ulgiati
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia,*Correspondence: Daniela Ulgiati,
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13
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Fregona V, Bayet M, Gerby B. Oncogene-Induced Reprogramming in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Towards Targeted Therapy of Leukemia-Initiating Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215511. [PMID: 34771671 PMCID: PMC8582707 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by a diversity of genetic alterations, following a sophisticated and controversial organization. In this review, we present and discuss the concepts exploring the cellular, molecular and functional heterogeneity of leukemic cells. We also review the emerging evidence indicating that cell plasticity and oncogene-induced reprogramming should be considered at the biological and clinical levels as critical mechanisms for identifying and targeting leukemia-initiating cells. Abstract Our understanding of the hierarchical structure of acute leukemia has yet to be fully translated into therapeutic approaches. Indeed, chemotherapy still has to take into account the possibility that leukemia-initiating cells may have a distinct chemosensitivity profile compared to the bulk of the tumor, and therefore are spared by the current treatment, causing the relapse of the disease. Therefore, the identification of the cell-of-origin of leukemia remains a longstanding question and an exciting challenge in cancer research of the last few decades. With a particular focus on acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we present in this review the previous and current concepts exploring the phenotypic, genetic and functional heterogeneity in patients. We also discuss the benefits of using engineered mouse models to explore the early steps of leukemia development and to identify the biological mechanisms driving the emergence of leukemia-initiating cells. Finally, we describe the major prospects for the discovery of new therapeutic strategies that specifically target their aberrant stem cell-like functions.
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14
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Borbet TC, Hines MJ, Koralov SB. MicroRNA regulation of B cell receptor signaling. Immunol Rev 2021; 304:111-125. [PMID: 34523719 PMCID: PMC8616848 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play a central role in host immune defense. B cell receptor (BCR) signaling regulates survival, proliferation, and differentiation of B lymphocytes. Signaling through the BCR signalosome is a multi-component cascade that is tightly regulated and is important in the coordination of B cell differentiation and function. At different stages of development, B cells that have BCRs recognizing self are eliminated to prevent autoimmunity. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNAs that contribute to post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression and have been shown to orchestrate cell fate decisions through the regulation of lineage-specific transcriptional profiles. Studies have identified miRNAs to be crucial for B cell development in the bone marrow and their subsequent population of the peripheral immune system. In this review, we focus on the role of miRNAs in the regulation of BCR signaling as it pertains to B lymphocyte development and function. In particular, we discuss the most recent studies describing the role of miRNAs in the regulation of both early B cell development and peripheral B cell responses and examine the ways by which miRNAs regulate signal downstream of B cell antigen receptor to prevent aberrant activation and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Borbet
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Marcus J. Hines
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- New York University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, New York, NY 10016
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15
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Depiction of the genomic and genetic landscape identifies CCL5 as a protective factor in colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:994-1002. [PMID: 34331023 PMCID: PMC8476633 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01501-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinomas (CRNECs) are highly aggressive tumours with poor prognosis and low incidence. To date, the genomic landscape and molecular pathway alterations have not been elucidated. METHODS Tissue sections and clinical information of CRNEC (n = 35) and CR neuroendocrine tumours (CRNETs) (n = 25) were collected as an in-house cohort (2010-2020). Comprehensive genomic and expression panels (AmoyDx® Master Panel) were applied to identify the genomic and genetic alterations of CRNEC. Through the depiction of the genomic landscape and transcriptome profile, we compared the difference between CRNEC and CRNET. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining were performed to confirm the genetic alterations. RESULTS High tumour mutation load was observed in CRNEC compared with CRNET. CRNECs showed a "cold" immune landscape and increased endothelial cell activity compared with NETs. Importantly, PAX5 was aberrantly expressed in CRNEC and predicted a poor prognosis of CRNECs. CCL5, a factor that is considered an immunosuppressive factor in several tumour types, was strongly expressed in CRNEC patients with long-term survival and correlated with high CD8+ T cell infiltration. CONCLUSION Through the depiction of the genomic landscape and transcriptome profile, we demonstrated alterations in molecular pathways and potential targets for immunotherapy in CRNEC.
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16
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Dong L, Cao Y, Hou Y, Liu G. N 6 -methyladenosine RNA methylation: A novel regulator of the development and function of immune cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:329-345. [PMID: 34515345 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA methylation is a reversible posttranscriptional modification in eukaryotes involving three types of functional proteins: "writers", "erasers", and "readers". m6 A regulates the metabolism of messenger RNAs and noncoding RNAs through RNA structure, splicing, stability, export, and translation, thereby participating in various physiological and pathological processes. Here, we summarize the current state of m6 A methylation researches, focusing on how these modifications modulate the fate decisions of innate and adaptive immune cells and regulate immune responses in immune-associated diseases, including viral infections and cancer. These studies showed that m6 A modifications and m6 A modifying proteins play a critical role in pathogen recognition, immune cell activation, immune cell fate decisions, and immune reactions. m6 A is a novel regulator of immune system homeostasis and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueru Hou
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Department of Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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17
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Yang M, Yi P, Jiang J, Zhao M, Wu H, Lu Q. Dysregulated translational factors and epigenetic regulations orchestrate in B cells contributing to autoimmune diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:1-25. [PMID: 34445929 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1964498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
B cells play a crucial role in antigen presentation, antibody production and pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion in adaptive immunity. Several translational factors including transcription factors and cytokines participate in the regulation of B cell development, with the cooperation of epigenetic regulations. Autoimmune diseases are generally characterized with autoreactive B cells and high-level pathogenic autoantibodies. The success of B cell depletion therapy in mouse model and clinical trials has proven the role of B cells in pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The failure of B cell tolerance in immune checkpoints results in accumulated autoreactive naïve B (BN) cells with aberrant B cell receptor signaling and dysregulated B cell response, contributing to self-antibody-mediated autoimmune reaction. Dysregulation of translational factors and epigenetic alterations in B cells has been demonstrated to correlate with aberrant B cell compartment in autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary Sjögren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, diabetes mellitus and pemphigus. This review is intended to summarize the interaction of translational factors and epigenetic regulations that are involved with development and differentiation of B cells, and the mechanism of dysregulation in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Boast B, Nunes-Santos CDJ, Kuehn HS, Rosenzweig SD. Ikaros-Associated Diseases: From Mice to Humans and Back Again. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:705497. [PMID: 34354970 PMCID: PMC8330404 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.705497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The normal expression of Ikaros (IKZF1) is important for the proper functioning of both the human and murine immune systems. Whilst our understanding of IKZF1 in the immune system has been greatly enhanced by the study of mice carrying mutations in Ikzf1, analyses of human patients carrying germline IKZF1 mutations have been instrumental in understanding its biological role within the human immune system and its effect on human disease. A myriad of different mutations in IKZF1 have been identified, spanning across the entire gene causing differential clinical outcomes in patients including immunodeficiency, immune dysregulation, and cancer. The majority of mutations in humans leading to IKAROS-associated diseases are single amino acid heterozygous substitutions that affect the overall function of the protein. The majority of mutations studied in mice however, affect the expression of the protein rather than its function. Murine studies would suggest that the complete absence of IKZF1 expression leads to severe and sometimes catastrophic outcomes, yet these extreme phenotypes are not commonly observed in patients carrying IKZF1 heterozygous mutations. It is unknown whether this discrepancy is simply due to differences in zygosity, the role and regulation of IKZF1 in the murine and human immune systems, or simply due to a lack of similar controls across both groups. This review will focus its analysis on the current literature surrounding what is known about germline IKZF1 defects in both the human and the murine immune systems, and whether existing mice models are indeed accurate tools to study the effects of IKZF1-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigette Boast
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cristiane de Jesus Nunes-Santos
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sergio D. Rosenzweig
- Immunology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
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19
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Cencioni MT, Mattoscio M, Magliozzi R, Bar-Or A, Muraro PA. B cells in multiple sclerosis - from targeted depletion to immune reconstitution therapies. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:399-414. [PMID: 34075251 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the involvement of B cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but their precise roles are unclear. In this Review, we provide an overview of the development and physiological functions of B cells and the main mechanisms through which B cells are thought to contribute to CNS autoimmunity. In MS, abnormalities of B cell function include pro-inflammatory cytokine production, defective B cell regulatory function and the formation of tertiary lymphoid-like structures in the CNS, which are the likely source of abnormal immunoglobulin production detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid. We also consider the hypothesis that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is involved in the B cell overactivation that leads to inflammatory injury to the CNS in MS. We also review the immunological effects - with a focus on the effects on B cell subsets - of several successful therapeutic approaches in MS, including agents that selectively deplete B cells (rituximab, ocrelizumab and ofatumumab), agents that less specifically deplete lymphocytes (alemtuzumab and cladribine) and autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in which the immune system is unselectively ablated and reconstituted. We consider the insights that these effects on B cell populations provide and their potential to further our understanding and targeting of B cells in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Cencioni
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Mattoscio
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Roberta Magliozzi
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department of Neurology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paolo A Muraro
- Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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20
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Yi E, Zhang J, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Liang C, Hao B, Hong W, Lin B, Pu J, Lin Z, Huang P, Li B, Zhou Y, Ran P. Long noncoding RNA IL6-AS1 is highly expressed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is associated with interleukin 6 by targeting miR-149-5p and early B-cell factor 1. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e479. [PMID: 34323408 PMCID: PMC8288003 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a complex condition with multiple etiologies, including inflammation. We identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), interleukin 6 antisense RNA 1 (IL6-AS1), which is upregulated in this disease and is associated with airway inflammation. We found that IL6-AS1 promotes the expression of inflammatory factors, especially interleukin (IL) 6. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic IL6-AS1 acts as an endogenous sponge by competitively binding to the microRNA miR-149-5p to stabilize IL-6 mRNA. Nuclear IL6-AS1 promotes IL-6 transcription by recruiting early B-cell factor 1 to the IL-6 promoter, which increases the methylation of the H3K4 histone and acetylation of the H3K27 histone. We propose a model of lncRNA expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm that exerts similar effects through differing mechanisms, and IL6-AS1 probably increases inflammation via multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkang Yi
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Jiahuan Zhang
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Mengning Zheng
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Yi Zhang
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Chunxiao Liang
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Binwei Hao
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Wei Hong
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Biting Lin
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Jinding Pu
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Bing Li
- GMU‐GIBH Joint School of Life SciencesGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
| | - Pixin Ran
- National Center for Respiratory MedicineState Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory HealthThe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University151 Yanjiang Xi RoadGuangzhouGuangdong510000China
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21
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Possible Therapeutic Potential of Disulfiram for Multiple Myeloma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 28:2087-2096. [PMID: 34205025 PMCID: PMC8293232 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol28030193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of the plasma cells representing approximately 10% of all hemato-oncological diseases. Detection of the disease is most probable at around 65 years of age, and the average survival of patients is estimated to be 5–10 years, specifically due to frequent relapses and resistance to the therapy used. Thus, the search for new therapeutic approaches is becoming a big challenge. Disulfiram (DSF), a substance primarily known as a medication against alcoholism, has often been mentioned in recent years in relation to cancer treatment for its secondary anti-cancer effects. Recent studies performed on myeloma cell lines confirm high inhibition of the cell growth activity if a complex of disulfiram and copper is used. Its significant potential is now being seen in the cure of haematological malignities.
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22
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Zheng Z, Zhang L, Cui XL, Yu X, Hsu PJ, Lyu R, Tan H, Mandal M, Zhang M, Sun HL, Sanchez Castillo A, Peng J, Clark MR, He C, Huang H. Control of Early B Cell Development by the RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Methylation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107819. [PMID: 32610122 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is installed by the METTL3-METTL14 methyltransferase complex. This modification has critical regulatory roles in various biological processes. Here, we report that deletion of Mettl14 dramatically reduces mRNA m6A methylation in developing B cells and severely blocks B cell development in mice. Deletion of Mettl14 impairs interleukin-7 (IL-7)-induced pro-B cell proliferation and the large-pre-B-to-small-pre-B transition and causes dramatic abnormalities in gene expression programs important for B cell development. Suppression of a group of transcripts by cytoplasmic m6A reader YTHDF2 is critical to the IL-7-induced pro-B cell proliferation. In contrast, the block in the large-pre-B-to-small-pre-B transition is independent of YTHDF1 or YTHDF2 but is associated with a failure to properly upregulate key transcription factors regulating this transition. Our data highlight the important regulatory roles of the RNA m6A methylation and its reader proteins in early B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Linda Zhang
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiao-Long Cui
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xianbin Yu
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Phillip J Hsu
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruitu Lyu
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Haiyan Tan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Malay Mandal
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Hui-Lung Sun
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Arantxa Sanchez Castillo
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Marcus R Clark
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Anderson DA, Dutertre CA, Ginhoux F, Murphy KM. Genetic models of human and mouse dendritic cell development and function. Nat Rev Immunol 2021; 21:101-115. [PMID: 32908299 PMCID: PMC10955724 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-020-00413-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) develop in the bone marrow from haematopoietic progenitors that have numerous shared characteristics between mice and humans. Human counterparts of mouse DC progenitors have been identified by their shared transcriptional signatures and developmental potential. New findings continue to revise models of DC ontogeny but it is well accepted that DCs can be divided into two main functional groups. Classical DCs include type 1 and type 2 subsets, which can detect different pathogens, produce specific cytokines and present antigens to polarize mainly naive CD8+ or CD4+ T cells, respectively. By contrast, the function of plasmacytoid DCs is largely innate and restricted to the detection of viral infections and the production of type I interferon. Here, we discuss genetic models of mouse DC development and function that have aided in correlating ontogeny with function, as well as how these findings can be translated to human DCs and their progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kenneth M Murphy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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24
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Gokulnath P, Soriano AA, de Cristofaro T, Di Palma T, Zannini M. PAX8, an Emerging Player in Ovarian Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1330:95-112. [PMID: 34339032 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73359-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer is one of the most lethal and widespread gynecological malignancies. It is the seventh leading cause of all cancer deaths worldwide. High-Grade Serous Cancer (HGSC), the most commonly occurring subtype, alone contributes to 70% of all ovarian cancer deaths. This is mainly attributed to the complete lack of symptoms during the early stages of the disease and absence of an early diagnostic marker.PAX8 is emerging as an important histological marker for most of the epithelial ovarian cancers, as it is expressed in about 90% of malignant ovarian cancers, specifically in HGSC. PAX8 is a member of the Paired-Box gene family (PAX1-9) of transcription factors whose expression is tightly controlled temporally and spatially. The PAX genes are well known for their role in embryonic development and their expression continues to persist in some adult tissues. PAX8 is required for the normal development of Müllerian duct that includes Fallopian tube, uterus, cervix, and upper part of vagina. In adults, it is expressed in the Fallopian tube and uterine epithelium and not in the ovarian epithelium. Considering the recent studies that predict the events preceding the tumorigenesis of HGSC from the Fallopian tube, PAX8 appears to have an important role in the development of ovarian cancer.In this chapter, we review some of the published findings to highlight the significance of PAX8 as an important marker and an emerging player in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. We also discuss regarding the future perspectives of PAX8 wherein it could contribute to the betterment of ovarian cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gokulnath
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Amata Amy Soriano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tiziana de Cristofaro
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Tina Di Palma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariastella Zannini
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology 'G. Salvatore' (IEOS) - CNR, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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25
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Local immunoglobulin production in nasal tissues: A key to pathogenesis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2020; 126:127-134. [PMID: 33065294 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Local activation of B cells and antibody production are important for protective and pathogenic immune responses. Furthermore, there is evidence that local activation of B cells and antibody production are important for pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and a severe subset of CRSwNP, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). This review summarizes these findings and the potential role of B cells and antibodies in disease pathogenesis. DATA SOURCES Published literature from PubMed searches. STUDY SELECTIONS Studies relevant to B cell development and the roles of B cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP and AERD. RESULTS Formation of tertiary lymphoid structures plays a key role in the local activation of B cells and antibody production. This process is important for fighting infections, but it also contributes to autoimmune disease. Furthermore, there is evidence to support a role for local B cell activation and antibody production in a variety of allergic diseases. Nasal polyp tissues from patients with CRSwNP and AERD have elevated levels of activated B cell subsets and locally produced antibodies. These locally produced antibodies may contribute to disease pathogenesis in a variety of ways, including activation of innate effector cells, whereas locally activated B cells may contribute to pathogenesis through the activation of T cells. CONCLUSION More studies are needed to determine the role of B cells and antibodies in driving disease in these patients. However, targeting the processes that drive local B cell activation and antibody production may provide new therapeutic approaches and could help to reduce chronic inflammation.
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26
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Lu X, Chu CS, Fang T, Rayon-Estrada V, Fang F, Patke A, Qian Y, Clarke SH, Melnick AM, Zhang Y, Papavasiliou FN, Roeder RG. MTA2/NuRD Regulates B Cell Development and Cooperates with OCA-B in Controlling the Pre-B to Immature B Cell Transition. Cell Rep 2020; 28:472-485.e5. [PMID: 31291582 PMCID: PMC6690613 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The NuRD complex contains both chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities. Mice lacking the MTA2 subunit of NuRD show developmental defects in pro-B, pre-B, immature B, and marginal zone B cells, and abnormal germinal center B cell differentiation during immune responses. Mta2 inactivation also causes a derepression of Igll1 and VpreB1 genes in pre-B cells. Furthermore, MTA2/NuRD interacts directly with AIOLOS/IKAROS and shows a striking overlap with AIOLOS/IKAROS target genes in human pre-B cells, suggesting a functional interdependence between MTA2/NuRD and AIOLOS. Mechanistically, MTA2 deficiency in mice leads to increased H3K27 acetylation at both Igll1 and VpreB1 promoters. Gene profiling analyses also identify distinct MTA2-dependent transcription programs in pro-B and pre-B cells. In addition, we find a strong synergy between MTA2 and OCA-B in repressing Igll1 and VpreB1 at the pre-B cell stage, and in regulating both the pre-B to immature B transition and splenic B cell development. Lu et al. examine B cell developmental defects in MTA2-deficient mice. MTA2 interacts with AIOLOS/IKAROS, represses Igll1 expression, co-binds to most AIOLOS/IKAROS target genes in pre-B cells, and cooperates with OCA-B in the pre-B to immature B transition. These data suggest that AIOLOS/IKAROS functions through MTA2/NuRD during B cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Lu
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Chi-Shuen Chu
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Terry Fang
- The Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Violeta Rayon-Estrada
- The Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alina Patke
- The Laboratory of Immune Cell Epigenetics and Signaling, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ye Qian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephen H Clarke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- HHMI, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - F Nina Papavasiliou
- The Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Division of Immune Diversity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert G Roeder
- The Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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27
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Zhang T, Sun J, Cheng J, Yin W, Li J, Miller H, Herrada AA, Gu H, Song H, Chen Y, Gong Q, Liu C. The role of ubiquitinase in B cell development and function. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:395-405. [PMID: 32816356 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0720-185rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitinases are a select group of enzymes that modify target proteins through ubiquitination, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of protein degradation, location, and function. B lymphocytes that originated from bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), exert humoral immune functions by differentiating into plasma cells and producing antibodies. Previous studies have shown that ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of the cell cycle and signal transduction important for B lymphocyte development and function. In this review, how ubiquitinases regulate B cell development, activation, apoptosis, and proliferation is discussed, which could help in understanding the physiological processes and diseases related to B cells and also provides potential new targets for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianxuan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Cheng
- Department of hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of hematology, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Heather Miller
- Department of Intracellular Pathogens, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrés A Herrada
- Lymphatic and Inflammation Research Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | - Heng Gu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No 1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Second Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.,Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Chaohong Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Mastelaro de Rezende M, Zenker Justo G, Julian Paredes-Gamero E, Gosens R. Wnt-5A/B Signaling in Hematopoiesis throughout Life. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081801. [PMID: 32751131 PMCID: PMC7465103 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is well-known to play major roles in the hematopoietic system, from embryogenesis to aging and disease. In addition to the main β-catenin-dependent pathway, it is now clear that Wnt5a and the structurally related Wnt5b are essential for hematopoiesis, bone marrow colonization and the final steps of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maturation via β-catenin-independent signaling. Wnt5a and Wnt5b ligands prevent hematopoietic exhaustion (by maintaining quiescent, long-term HSCs), induce the proliferation of progenitors, and guide myeloid development, in addition to being involved in the development of aging-related alterations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on these roles of Wnt5a and Wn5b signaling in the hematopoietic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mastelaro de Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; (M.M.d.R.); (G.Z.J.); (E.J.P.-G.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-50363-8177
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29
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Zernecke A, Winkels H, Cochain C, Williams JW, Wolf D, Soehnlein O, Robbins CS, Monaco C, Park I, McNamara CA, Binder CJ, Cybulsky MI, Scipione CA, Hedrick CC, Galkina EV, Kyaw T, Ghosheh Y, Dinh HQ, Ley K. Meta-Analysis of Leukocyte Diversity in Atherosclerotic Mouse Aortas. Circ Res 2020; 127:402-426. [PMID: 32673538 PMCID: PMC7371244 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diverse leukocyte infiltrate in atherosclerotic mouse aortas was recently analyzed in 9 single-cell RNA sequencing and 2 mass cytometry studies. In a comprehensive meta-analysis, we confirm 4 known macrophage subsets-resident, inflammatory, interferon-inducible cell, and Trem2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2) foamy macrophages-and identify a new macrophage subset resembling cavity macrophages. We also find that monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells-2, and CD (cluster of differentiation)-8 T cells form prominent and separate immune cell populations in atherosclerotic aortas. Many CD4 T cells express IL (interleukin)-17 and the chemokine receptor CXCR (C-X-C chemokine receptor)-6. A small number of regulatory T cells and T helper 1 cells is also identified. Immature and naive T cells are present in both healthy and atherosclerotic aortas. Our meta-analysis overcomes limitations of individual studies that, because of their experimental approach, over- or underrepresent certain cell populations. Mass cytometry studies demonstrate that cell surface phenotype provides valuable information beyond the cell transcriptomes. The present analysis helps resolve some long-standing controversies in the field. First, Trem2+ foamy macrophages are not proinflammatory but interferon-inducible cell and inflammatory macrophages are. Second, about half of all foam cells are smooth muscle cell-derived, retaining smooth muscle cell transcripts rather than transdifferentiating to macrophages. Third, Pf4, which had been considered specific for platelets and megakaryocytes, is also prominently expressed in the main population of resident vascular macrophages. Fourth, a new type of resident macrophage shares transcripts with cavity macrophages. Finally, the discovery of a prominent innate lymphoid cell-2 cluster links the single-cell RNA sequencing work to recent flow cytometry data suggesting a strong atheroprotective role of innate lymphoid cells-2. This resolves apparent discrepancies regarding the role of T helper 2 cells in atherosclerosis based on studies that predated the discovery of innate lymphoid cells-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Winkels
- Heart Center, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Clinic III for Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clément Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center, University Hospital Würzburg, Wüzburg, Germany
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Klinikum LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clint S. Robbins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Claudia Monaco
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Inhye Park
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Coleen A. McNamara
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
- Division of Cardioascular Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Christoph J. Binder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Myron I. Cybulsky
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey A. Scipione
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elena V. Galkina
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 700 West Olney Road, Norfolk, VA USA
| | - Tin Kyaw
- Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Huy Q. Dinh
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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30
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Cumano A, Berthault C, Ramond C, Petit M, Golub R, Bandeira A, Pereira P. New Molecular Insights into Immune Cell Development. Annu Rev Immunol 2020; 37:497-519. [PMID: 31026413 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-042718-041319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During development innate lymphoid cells and specialized lymphocyte subsets colonize peripheral tissues, where they contribute to organogenesis and later constitute the first line of protection while maintaining tissue homeostasis. A few of these subsets are produced only during embryonic development and remain in the tissues throughout life. They are generated through a unique developmental program initiated in lympho-myeloid-primed progenitors, which lose myeloid and B cell potential. They either differentiate into innate lymphoid cells or migrate to the thymus to give rise to embryonic T cell receptor-invariant T cells. At later developmental stages, adaptive T lymphocytes are derived from lympho-myeloid progenitors that colonize the thymus, while lymphoid progenitors become specialized in the production of B cells. This sequence of events highlights the requirement for stratification in the establishment of immune functions that determine efficient seeding of peripheral tissues by a limited number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cumano
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Claire Berthault
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cyrille Ramond
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , ,
| | - Maxime Petit
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Antonio Bandeira
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Pablo Pereira
- Unité Lymphopoïèse, Département d'Immunologie, INSERM U1223, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris CEDEX 15, France; , , .,Cellule Pasteur, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
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31
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Tanaka S, Ise W, Inoue T, Ito A, Ono C, Shima Y, Sakakibara S, Nakayama M, Fujii K, Miura I, Sharif J, Koseki H, Koni PA, Raman I, Li QZ, Kubo M, Fujiki K, Nakato R, Shirahige K, Araki H, Miura F, Ito T, Kawakami E, Baba Y, Kurosaki T. Tet2 and Tet3 in B cells are required to repress CD86 and prevent autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:950-961. [PMID: 32572241 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A contribution of epigenetic modifications to B cell tolerance has been proposed but not directly tested. Here we report that deficiency of ten-eleven translocation (Tet) DNA demethylase family members Tet2 and Tet3 in B cells led to hyperactivation of B and T cells, autoantibody production and lupus-like disease in mice. Mechanistically, in the absence of Tet2 and Tet3, downregulation of CD86, which normally occurs following chronic exposure of self-reactive B cells to self-antigen, did not take place. The importance of dysregulated CD86 expression in Tet2- and Tet3-deficient B cells was further demonstrated by the restriction, albeit not complete, on aberrant T and B cell activation following anti-CD86 blockade. Tet2- and Tet3-deficient B cells had decreased accumulation of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 at the Cd86 locus. Thus, our findings suggest that Tet2- and Tet3-mediated chromatin modification participates in repression of CD86 on chronically stimulated self-reactive B cells, which contributes, at least in part, to preventing autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Tanaka
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inoue
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ayako Ito
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Chisato Ono
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shima
- Laboratory of Thermo-Therapeutics for Vascular Dysfunction, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Manabu Nakayama
- Laboratory of Medical Omics Research, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ikuo Miura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jafar Sharif
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- Laboratory of Developmental Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Advanced Research Departments, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Indu Raman
- Microarray Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan.,Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujiki
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichiro Nakato
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shirahige
- Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fumihito Miura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Ito
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiryo Kawakami
- Medical Sciences Innovation Hub Program, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Artificial Intelligence Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan. .,Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
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32
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Hillestad B, Makvandi-Nejad S, Krasnov A, Moghadam HK. Identification of genetic loci associated with higher resistance to pancreas disease (PD) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). BMC Genomics 2020; 21:388. [PMID: 32493246 PMCID: PMC7268189 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreas disease (PD) is a contagious disease caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV) with significant economic and welfare impacts on salmon farming. Previous work has shown that higher resistance against PD has underlying additive genetic components and can potentially be improved through selective breeding. To better understand the genetic basis of PD resistance in Atlantic salmon, we challenged 4506 smolts from 296 families of the SalmoBreed strain. Fish were challenged through intraperitoneal injection with the most virulent form of the virus found in Norway (i.e., SAV3). Mortalities were recorded, and more than 900 fish were further genotyped on a 55 K SNP array. RESULTS The estimated heritability for PD resistance was 0.41 ± 0.017. The genetic markers on two chromosomes, ssa03 and ssa07, showed significant associations with higher disease resistance. Collectively, markers on these two QTL regions explained about 60% of the additive genetic variance. We also sequenced and compared the cardiac transcriptomics of moribund fish and animals that survived the challenge with a focus on candidate genes within the chromosomal segments harbouring QTL. Approximately 200 genes, within the QTL regions, were found to be differentially expressed. Of particular interest, we identified various components of immunoglobulin-heavy-chain locus B (IGH-B) on ssa03 and immunoglobulin-light-chain on ssa07 with markedly higher levels of transcription in the resistant animals. These genes are closely linked to the most strongly QTL associated SNPs, making them likely candidates for further investigation. CONCLUSIONS The findings presented here provide supporting evidence that breeding is an efficient tool for increasing PD resistance in Atlantic salmon populations. The estimated heritability is one of the largest reported for any disease resistance in this species, where the majority of the genetic variation is explained by two major QTL. The transcriptomic analysis has revealed the activation of essential components of the innate and the adaptive immune responses following infection with SAV3. Furthermore, the complementation of the genomic with the transcriptomic data has highlighted the possible critical role of the immunoglobulin loci in combating PD virus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aleksei Krasnov
- Division of Aquaculture, Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture (Nofima), P.O. Box 6122, Muninbakken 9-13, Breivika, Langnes, N-9291, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hooman K Moghadam
- Benchmark Genetics Norway AS, Sandviksboder 3A, N-5035, Bergen, Norway.
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33
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Monzón-Casanova E, Matheson LS, Tabbada K, Zarnack K, Smith CWJ, Turner M. Polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins are essential for B cell development. eLife 2020; 9:e53557. [PMID: 32081131 PMCID: PMC7058386 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is a RNA-binding protein (RBP) expressed throughout B cell development. Deletion of Ptbp1 in mouse pro-B cells results in upregulation of PTBP2 and normal B cell development. We show that PTBP2 compensates for PTBP1 in B cell ontogeny as deletion of both Ptbp1 and Ptbp2 results in a complete block at the pro-B cell stage and a lack of mature B cells. In pro-B cells PTBP1 ensures precise synchronisation of the activity of cyclin dependent kinases at distinct stages of the cell cycle, suppresses S-phase entry and promotes progression into mitosis. PTBP1 controls mRNA abundance and alternative splicing of important cell cycle regulators including CYCLIN-D2, c-MYC, p107 and CDC25B. Our results reveal a previously unrecognised mechanism mediated by a RBP that is essential for B cell ontogeny and integrates transcriptional and post-translational determinants of progression through the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Monzón-Casanova
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristina Tabbada
- Next Generation Sequencing Facility, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Kathi Zarnack
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | | | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
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34
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Wentink MWJ, Kalina T, Perez-Andres M, Del Pino Molina L, IJspeert H, Kavelaars FG, Lankester AC, Lecrevisse Q, van Dongen JJM, Orfao A, van der Burg M. Delineating Human B Cell Precursor Development With Genetically Identified PID Cases as a Model. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2680. [PMID: 31849931 PMCID: PMC6901940 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
B-cell precursors (BCP) arise from hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow (BM). Identification and characterization of the different BCP subsets has contributed to the understanding of normal B-cell development. BCP first rearrange their immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (IGH) genes to form the pre-B-cell receptor (pre-BCR) complex together with surrogate light chains. Appropriate signaling via this pre-BCR complex is followed by rearrangement of the Ig light chain genes, resulting in the formation, and selection of functional BCR molecules. Consecutive production, expression, and functional selection of the pre-BCR and BCR complexes guide the BCP differentiation process that coincides with corresponding immunophenotypic changes. We studied BCP differentiation in human BM samples from healthy controls and patients with a known genetic defect in V(D)J recombination or pre-BCR signaling to unravel normal immunophenotypic changes and to determine the effect of differentiation blocks caused by the specific genetic defects. Accordingly, we designed a 10-color antibody panel to study human BCP development in BM by flow cytometry, which allows identification of classical preB-I, preB-II, and mature B-cells as defined via BCR-related markers with further characterization by additional markers. We observed heterogeneous phenotypes associated with more than one B-cell maturation pathway, particularly for the preB-I and preB-II stages in which V(D)J recombination takes place, with asynchronous marker expression patterns. Next Generation Sequencing of complete IGH gene rearrangements in sorted BCP subsets unraveled their rearrangement status, indicating that BCP differentiation does not follow a single linear pathway. In conclusion, B-cell development in human BM is not a linear process, but a rather complex network of parallel pathways dictated by V(D)J-recombination-driven checkpoints and pre-BCR/BCR mediated-signaling occurring during B-cell production and selection. It can also be described as asynchronous, because precursor B-cells do not differentiate as full population between the different stages, but rather transit as a continuum, which seems influenced (in part) by V-D-J recombination-driven checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein W J Wentink
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tomas Kalina
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Perez-Andres
- Department of Medicine-Service Cytometry, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lucia Del Pino Molina
- Department of Clinical Immunology, La Paz University Hospital, Lymphocyte Pathophysiology in Immunodeficiencies Group La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hanna IJspeert
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - François G Kavelaars
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Quentin Lecrevisse
- Department of Medicine-Service Cytometry, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Orfao
- Department of Medicine-Service Cytometry, Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC/USAL) and University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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35
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Gowda C, Song C, Ding Y, Iyer S, Dhanyamraju PK, McGrath M, Bamme Y, Soliman M, Kane S, Payne JL, Dovat S. Cellular signaling and epigenetic regulation of gene expression in leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100665. [PMID: 31623972 PMCID: PMC7239353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in normal regulation of gene expression is one of the key features of hematopoietic malignancies. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate gene expression in these diseases, we dissected the role of the Ikaros protein in leukemia. Ikaros is a DNA-binding, zinc finger protein that functions as a transcriptional regulator and a tumor suppressor in leukemia. The use of ChIP-seq, RNA-seq, and ATAC-seq—coupled with functional experiments—revealed that Ikaros regulates both the global epigenomic landscape and epigenetic signature at promoter regions of its target genes. Casein kinase II (CK2), an oncogenic kinase that is overexpressed in leukemia, directly phosphorylates Ikaros at multiple, evolutionarily-conserved residues. Phosphorylation of Ikaros impairs the protein's ability to regulate both the transcription of its target genes and global epigenetic landscape in leukemia. Treatment of leukemia cells with a specific inhibitor of CK2 restores Ikaros function, resulting in cytotoxicity of leukemia cells. Here, we review the mechanisms through which the CK2-Ikaros signaling axis regulates the global epigenomic landscape and expression of genes that control cellular proliferation in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrika Gowda
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chunhua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yali Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Soumya Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Pavan K Dhanyamraju
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mary McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yevgeniya Bamme
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Mario Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Shriya Kane
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathon L Payne
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sinisa Dovat
- Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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36
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Wu L, Zhou E, Gao A, Kong L, Wu S, Bian X, Li Y, Li B, Fu S, Guo Z, Ye J. Blimp-1 is involved in B cell activation and maturation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 98:137-147. [PMID: 31078630 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (Blimp-1), a transcription factor containing zinc finger, is required and sufficient to trigger terminal differentiation of B cells in mammals. The Blimp-1 (OnBlimp-1) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was identified and characterized its expression pattern during B cell activation and maturation. The cDNA of OnBlimp-1 open reading frame is 2547 bp encoding a protein of 848 amino acids and the predicted molecular weight is 93.36 kDa. OnBlimp-1 contains a SET domain and five ZnF_C2H2 domains, which shares high homology with that of other species. OnBlimp-1 transcription was detected in all examined tissues with high expression in the spleen (SPL). Analysis of sorted lymphocyte populations, including IgM+ and IgM- cells from peripheral blood (PBL), SPL and anterior kidney (AK), indicated that the OnBlimp-1 transcription was highly expressed in the IgM+ B cells. Upon LPS stimulation, OnBlimp-1 expression was up-regulated in tissues of PBL, SPL and AK significantly. The expression of OnBlimp-1, as well as the secreted IgM, was significantly up-regulated in the SPL and AK leukocytes stimulated with anti-OnIgM monoclonal antibody and LPS in vitro, respectively. Above results suggest that OnBlimp-1, a cytokine regulating the terminal differentiation of activated B cells to antibody-secreting cells, is likely to play important roles in B cell activation and maturation in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Enxu Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Along Gao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Linghe Kong
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Siwei Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Shengli Fu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, Guangdong 510631, PR China.
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37
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Moreno CS. SOX4: The unappreciated oncogene. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 67:57-64. [PMID: 31445218 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
SOX4 is an essential developmental transcription factor that regulates stemness, differentiation, progenitor development, and multiple developmental pathways including PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ signaling. The SOX4 gene is frequently amplified and overexpressed in over 20 types of malignancies, and multiple lines of evidence support that notion that SOX4 is an oncogene. Its overexpression is due to both gene amplification and to activation of PI3K, Wnt, and TGFβ pathways that SOX4 regulates. SOX4 interacts with multiple other transcription factors, rendering many of its impacts on gene expression context and tissue-specific. Nevertheless, there are common themes that run through many of the effects of SOX4 hyperactivity, such as the promotion of cell survival, stemness, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration, and metastasis. Specific targeting of SOX4 remains a challenge for future cancer research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos S Moreno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Bldg, Rm 105J, 615 Michael St. Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Abstract
Advances in genomic research and risk-directed therapy have led to improvements in the long-term survival and quality of life outcomes of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The application of next-generation sequencing technologies, especially transcriptome sequencing, has resulted in the identification of novel molecular subtypes of ALL with prognostic and therapeutic implications, as well as cooperative mutations that account for much of the heterogeneity in clinical responses observed among patients with specific ALL subtypes. In addition, germline genetic variants have been shown to influence the risk of developing ALL and/or the responses of non-malignant and leukaemia cells to therapy; shared pathways for drug activation and metabolism are implicated in treatment-related toxicity and drug sensitivity or resistance, depending on whether the genetic changes are germline, somatic or both. Indeed, although once considered a non-hereditary disease, genomic investigations of familial and sporadic ALL have revealed a growing number of genetic alterations or conditions that predispose individuals to the development of ALL and treatment-related second cancers. The identification of these genetic alterations holds the potential to direct genetic counselling, testing and possibly monitoring for the early detection of ALL and other cancers. Herein, we review these advances in our understanding of the genomic landscape of childhood ALL and their clinical implications.
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Wu L, Gao A, Kong L, Wu S, Yang Y, Bian X, Guo Z, Li Y, Li B, Pan X, Ye J. Molecular characterization and transcriptional expression of a B cell transcription factor Pax5 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:165-172. [PMID: 31039440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pax5 (Paired Box 5), a nuclear transcription factor expressed in B cell specifically, is a key regulator for B cell activation. In this study, we cloned and identified a Pax5 gene (OnPax5) from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which has an open reading frame of 1278 bp, encoding deduced amino acid sequence of 425 residues. OnPax5 contains a conserved DNA-binding domain encoding the paired box, an octapeptide, a homeobox homology region, a transactivation and a repressor domain. OnPax5 is constitutively expressed in various analyzed tissues of tilapia, with a relatively high expression in lymphoid organs, including spleen (SPL), anterior kidney (AK), and thymus. What's more, OnPax5 is highly expressed in leukocytes especially in IgM+ lymphocytes sorted from peripheral blood (PBL), SPL and AK. When stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo, OnPax5 expression was significantly up-regulated in PBL, SPL and AK. Upon stimulation with LPS, pokeweed mitogen and mouse anti-OnIgM monoclonal antibody in vitro, the expression of OnPax5 was also significantly up-regulated in leukocytes from SPL and AK. Taken together, Pax5, the B cell lineage specific activator factor, might get involved in B cell activation in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Along Gao
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Linghe Kong
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Siwei Wu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xia Bian
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Bingxi Li
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Xunbin Pan
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
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IMiD compounds affect CD34 + cell fate and maturation via CRBN-induced IKZF1 degradation. Blood Adv 2019; 2:492-504. [PMID: 29496670 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2017010348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) compounds induce a shift into immature myeloid precursors with a maturational arrest and subsequent neutropenia. The mechanism of action is unknown. Here we found that IMiD compounds cause selective ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor IKZF1 in CD34+ cells by the Cereblon (CRBN) E3 ubiquitin ligase. Loss of IKZF1 is associated with a decrease of the IKZF1-dependent transcription factor PU.1, critical for the development and maturation of neutrophils. Using a thalidomide analog bead pull-down assay, we showed that IMiD compounds directly bind CRBN in CD34+ cells. Knockdown of CRBN in CD34+ cells resulted in resistance to POM-induced IKZF1 downregulation and reversed the POM-induced lineage shift in colony-formation assays, suggesting that the POM-induced degradation of IKZF1 in CD34+ cells requires CRBN. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that IKZF1 binds to the promoter region of PU.1, suggesting that PU.1 is a direct downstream target of IKZF1 in CD34+ cells. POM failed to induce IKZF1 degradation in IKZF1-Q146H-OE CD34+ cells, indicating that CRBN binding to IKZF1 and subsequent IKZF1 ubiquitination is critical in this process. Using the NOD/SCID/γ-c KO mouse model, we confirmed the induction of myeloid progenitor cells by IMiD compounds at the expense of common lymphoid progenitors. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of IMiD compounds in hematopoietic progenitor cells, leading to selective degradation of transcription factors critical for myeloid maturation, and explain the occurrence of neutropenia associated with treatment by IMiD compounds.
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MHC class II cell-autonomously regulates self-renewal and differentiation of normal and malignant B cells. Blood 2019; 133:1108-1118. [PMID: 30700420 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-11-885467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Best known for presenting antigenic peptides to CD4+ T cells, major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) also transmits or may modify intracellular signals. Here, we show that MHC II cell-autonomously regulates the balance between self-renewal and differentiation in B-cell precursors, as well as in malignant B cells. Initiation of MHC II expression early during bone marrow B-cell development limited the occupancy of cycling compartments by promoting differentiation, thus regulating the numerical output of B cells. MHC II deficiency preserved stem cell characteristics in developing pro-B cells in vivo, and ectopic MHC II expression accelerated hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro. Moreover, MHC II expression restrained growth of murine B-cell leukemia cell lines in vitro and in vivo, independently of CD4+ T-cell surveillance. Our results highlight an important cell-intrinsic contribution of MHC II expression to establishing the differentiated B-cell phenotype.
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Abstract
In this review, Boothby et al. summarize some salient advances toward elucidation of the molecular programming of the fate choices and function of B cells in the periphery. They also note unanswered questions that pertain to differences among subsets of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Mature B lymphocytes are crucial components of adaptive immunity, a system essential for the evolutionary fitness of mammals. Adaptive lymphocyte function requires an initially naïve cell to proliferate extensively and its progeny to have the capacity to assume a variety of fates. These include either terminal differentiation (the long-lived plasma cell) or metastable transcriptional reprogramming (germinal center and memory B cells). In this review, we focus principally on the regulation of differentiation and functional diversification of the “B2” subset. An overview is combined with an account of more recent advances, including initial work on mechanisms that eliminate DNA methylation and potential links between intracellular metabolites and chromatin editing.
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Almanza G, Rodvold JJ, Tsui B, Jepsen K, Carter H, Zanetti M. Extracellular vesicles produced in B cells deliver tumor suppressor miR-335 to breast cancer cells disrupting oncogenic programming in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17581. [PMID: 30514916 PMCID: PMC6279829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful implementation of miRNA (miR) therapies in humans will ultimately rely on the use of vehicles with improved cellular delivery capability. Here we tested a new system that leverages extracellular vesicles (EVs) laden with a tumor suppressor miRNA (miR-335) produced in B cells by plasmid DNA induction (iEVs). We demonstrate that iEVs-335 efficiently and durably restored the endogenous miR-335 pool in human triple negative breast cancer cells, downregulated the expression of the miR-335 target gene SOX4 transcription factor, and markedly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Remarkably, iEVs-335 mediated transcriptional effects that persisted in tumors after 60 days post orthotopic implantation. Genome-wide RNASeq analysis of cancer cells treated in vitro with iEVs-335 showed the regulation of a discrete number of genes only, without broad transcriptome perturbations. This new technology may be ideally suited for therapies aimed to restore tumor suppressor miRNAs in cancer cells, disrupting the oncogenic program established after escape from miRNA control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Almanza
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Rodvold
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA
| | - Brian Tsui
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- IGM Genomics Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0815, USA.
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44
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Tao Y, Ai R, Hao Y, Jiang L, Dan H, Ji N, Zeng X, Zhou Y, Chen Q. Role of miR-155 in immune regulation and its relevance in oral lichen planus. Exp Ther Med 2018; 17:575-586. [PMID: 30651838 PMCID: PMC6307429 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.7019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal inflammatory disease. The World Health Organization has described it as a potentially malignant condition. The pathogenesis of OLP remains to be fully elucidated, but extensive evidence suggests that immunologic and inflammatory factors have important roles. MicroRNAs (miRs), which are small non-coding RNAs, have been reported to be involved in OLP. In particular, miR-155 is significantly upregulated in patients with OLP. miR-155 has numerous functions and is closely linked to inflammation and immune system regulation. However, in-depth studies of the mechanisms via which miR-155 is involved in OLP are currently insufficient. Considering the close association between miR-155 and immune regulation as well as the importance of immune factors in OLP, the role of miR-155 in the immune system was herein summarized with a focus on OLP. The present review provides a basis for further study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and progression of OLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ruixue Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yilong Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Lu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Hongxia Dan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral Medicine of West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Blume J, Ziętara N, Witzlau K, Liu Y, Sanchez OO, Puchałka J, Winter SJ, Kunze-Schumacher H, Saran N, Düber S, Roy B, Weiss S, Klein C, Wurst W, Łyszkiewicz M, Krueger A. miR-191 modulates B-cell development and targets transcription factors E2A, Foxp1, and Egr1. Eur J Immunol 2018; 49:121-132. [PMID: 30281154 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The interdependence of posttranscriptional gene regulation via miRNA and transcriptional regulatory networks in lymphocyte development is poorly understood. Here, we identified miR-191 as direct upstream modulator of a transcriptional module comprising the transcription factors Foxp1, E2A, and Egr1. Deletion as well as ectopic expression of miR-191 resulted in developmental arrest in B lineage cells, indicating that fine tuning of the combined expression levels of Foxp1, E2A, and Egr1, which in turn control somatic recombination and cytokine-driven expansion, constitutes a prerequisite for efficient B-cell development. In conclusion, we propose that miR-191 acts as a rheostat in B-cell development by fine tuning a key transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Blume
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Ziętara
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Witzlau
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yanshan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jacek Puchałka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Samantha J Winter
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Namita Saran
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Düber
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bishnudeo Roy
- Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Siegfried Weiss
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Centre Munich, Germany.,Technische Universität München-Weihenstephan, Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Marcin Łyszkiewicz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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46
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Sengupta M, Wang BD, Lee NH, Marx A, Kusner LL, Kaminski HJ. MicroRNA and mRNA expression associated with ectopic germinal centers in thymus of myasthenia gravis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205464. [PMID: 30308012 PMCID: PMC6181382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A characteristic pathology of early onset myasthenia gravis is thymic hyperplasia with ectopic germinal centers (GC). However, the mechanisms that trigger and maintain thymic hyperplasia are poorly characterized. Dysregulation of small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) and their target genes has been identified in the pathology of several autoimmune diseases. We assessed the miRNA and mRNA profiles of the MG thymus and have investigated their role in GC formation and maintenance. METHODS MG thymus samples were assessed by histology and grouped based upon the appearance of GC; GC positive and GC negative. A systems biology approach was used to study the differences between the groups. Our study included miRNA and mRNA profiling, quantitative real-time PCR validation, miRNA target identification, pathway analysis, miRNA-mRNA reciprocal expression pairing and interaction. RESULTS Thirty-eight mature miRNAs and forty-six annotated mRNA transcripts were differentially expressed between the two groups (>1.5 fold change, ANOVA p<0.05). The miRNAs were found to be involved in immune response pathways and identified in other autoimmune diseases. The cellular and molecular functions of the mRNAs showed involvement in cell death and cell survival, cellular proliferation, cytokine signaling and extra-cellular matrix reorganization. Eleven miRNA and mRNA pairs were reciprocally regulated. The Regulator of G protein Signalling 13 (RGS13), known to be involved in GC regulation, was identified in specimens with GC and was paired with downregulation of miR-452-5p and miR-139-5p. MiRNA target sites were validated by dual luciferase assay. Transfection of miRNA mimics led to down regulation of RGS13 expression in Raji cells. CONCLUSION Our study indicates a distinct miRNA and mRNA expression pattern in ectopic GC in MG thymus. These miRNAs and mRNAs are involved in regulatory pathways common to inflammation and immune response, cell cycle regulation and anti-apoptotic pathways suggesting their involvement in support of GC formation in the thymus. We demonstrate for the first time that miR-139-5p and miR-452-5p negatively regulate RGS13 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjistha Sengupta
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norman H. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Alexander Marx
- University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda L. Kusner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Henry J. Kaminski
- Department of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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47
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Harquail J, LeBlanc N, Landry C, Crapoulet N, Robichaud GA. Pax-5 Inhibits NF-κB Activity in Breast Cancer Cells Through IKKε and miRNA-155 Effectors. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2018; 23:177-187. [PMID: 30032344 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-018-9404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pax-5, an essential transcription factor in B cell development, is aberrantly expressed in various B cell cancer lesions and solid tumors such as breast carcinoma. We have recently shown that Pax-5 regulates NF-κB activity which lead to the modulation of breast cancer phenotypic features (EMT-MET). NF-κB is known as a central mediator in inflammation, stress response as well as being a gatekeeper of pro-tumorigenic activity. However, little is known as to how Pax-5 affects this modulation. We thus turned our attention to microRNAs as potential regulatory effectors. In this study, we set out to elucidate the regulatory network between differential Pax-5 expression and NF-κB activity which dictate breast cancer malignancy. Through next-generation sequencing (NGS) of breast cancer cells conditionally expressing Pax-5, we profile significantly upregulated microRNAs; including microRNA-155, a known regulator of pathological processes and suppressor of malignant growth. Through the conditional expression of microRNA-155 in breast cancer models, we identify and validate IKKε (IKBKE) as a downstream target and an essential effector of Pax-5-mediated suppression of NF-κB signaling. Using rescue experiments, we also confirm that Pax-5 modulates NF-κB activity via IKKε downregulation. Interestingly, we also show that microRNA-155, in turn, supresses Pax-5 expression, indicative of an auto-regulatory feedback loop. Altogether, we demonstrate that Pax-5 inhibits NF-κB signalling through the regulation of microRNA-155 and its downstream target IKKε. The elucidation of this signaling network is relevant as Pax-5 and NF-κB are potent transcriptional regulators of breast cancer aggressivity. In addition, IKKε is relevant oncogene aberrantly expressed in 30% of breast carcinomas. Further insight into the regulatory pathways of breast cancer progression will eventually identify strategic therapeutic and prognostic targets to improve cancer patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Harquail
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Nicolas LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Carine Landry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Nicolas Crapoulet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada
| | - Gilles A Robichaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, NB, E1A 3E9, Canada.
- Atlantic Cancer Research Institute, Moncton, NB, E1C 8X3, Canada.
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48
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Pérez-Olivares M, Trento A, Rodriguez-Acebes S, González-Acosta D, Fernández-Antorán D, Román-García S, Martinez D, López-Briones T, Torroja C, Carrasco YR, Méndez J, Moreno de Alborán I. Functional interplay between c-Myc and Max in B lymphocyte differentiation. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845770. [PMID: 30126925 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of oncogenic transcription factors regulates myriad cellular functions. Myc proteins contain a basic region/helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper domain that mediates DNA binding and heterodimerization with its partner Max. Among the Myc proteins, c-Myc is the most widely expressed and relevant in primary B lymphocytes. There is evidence suggesting that c-Myc can perform some of its functions in the absence of Max in different cellular contexts. However, the functional in vivo interplay between c-Myc and Max during B lymphocyte differentiation is not well understood. Using in vivo and ex vivo models, we show that while c-Myc requires Max in primary B lymphocytes, several key biological processes, such as cell differentiation and DNA replication, can initially progress without the formation of c-Myc/Max heterodimers. We also describe that B lymphocytes lacking Myc, Max, or both show upregulation of signaling pathways associated with the B-cell receptor. These data suggest that c-Myc/Max heterodimers are not essential for the initiation of a subset of important biological processes in B lymphocytes, but are required for fine-tuning the initial response after activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Pérez-Olivares
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonsina Trento
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - David Fernández-Antorán
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Román-García
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Martinez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Torroja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-CNIC Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda R Carrasco
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Méndez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas-CNIO, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Wentink MWJ, van Zelm MC, van Dongen JJM, Warnatz K, van der Burg M. Deficiencies in the CD19 complex. Clin Immunol 2018; 195:82-87. [PMID: 30075290 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via the CD19-complex, consisting of CD19, CD81, CD21 and CD225, is critically important for B-cell development, differentiation and maturation. In this complex, each protein has its own distinct function. Over the past decade, 15 patients with antibody deficiency due to deficiencies in the CD19-complex have been described. These patients have deficiencies in different complex-members, all caused by either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations. Although all patients had antibody deficiencies, the clinical phenotype was different per deficient protein. We aimed to provide an overview of what is known about the function of the different complex-members, knowledge from mouse-studies and to summarize the clinical phenotypes of the patients. Combining this knowledge together can explain why deficiencies in different members of the same complex, result in disease phenotypes that are alike, but not the same.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Dept. of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Dept. of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Center for Translational Cell Research, Freiburg University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany
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50
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Hypomorphic Rag1 mutations alter the preimmune repertoire at early stages of lymphoid development. Blood 2018; 132:281-292. [PMID: 29743177 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-12-820985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomorphic RAG1 mutations allowing residual T- and B-cell development have been found in patients presenting with delayed-onset combined immune deficiency with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI) and abnormalities of the peripheral T- and B-cell repertoire. To examine how hypomorphic Rag1 mutations affect the earliest stages of lymphocyte development, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate mouse models with mutations equivalent to those found in patients with CID-G/AI. Immunological characterization showed partial development of T and B lymphocytes, with persistence of naïve cells and preserved serum immunoglobulin but impaired antibody responses and presence of autoantibodies, thereby recapitulating the phenotype seen in patients with CID-G/AI. By using high-throughput sequencing, we identified marked skewing of Igh V and Trb V gene usage in early progenitors, with a bias for productive Igh and Trb rearrangements after selection occurred and increased apoptosis of B-cell progenitors. Rearrangement at the Igk locus was impaired, and polyreactive immunoglobulin M antibodies were detected. This study provides novel insights into how hypomorphic Rag1 mutations alter the primary repertoire of T and B cells, setting the stage for immune dysregulation frequently seen in patients.
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