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Youssef EM, Wu GY. Subnormal Serum Liver Enzyme Levels: A Review of Pathophysiology and Clinical Significance. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:428-435. [PMID: 38638374 PMCID: PMC11022067 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Subnormal levels of liver enzymes, below the lower limit of normal on local laboratory reports, can be useful diagnostically. For instance, subnormal levels of aminotransferases can be observed in vitamin B6 deficiency and chronic kidney disease. Subnormal alkaline phosphatase levels may indicate the presence of hypophosphatasia, Wilson's disease, deficiencies of divalent ions, or malnutrition. Subnormal levels of gamma glutamyl transferase may be seen in cases of acute intrahepatic cholestasis, the use of certain medications, and in bone disease. Finally, subnormal levels of 5'-nucleotidase have been reported in lead poisoning and nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. The aim of this review is to bring attention to the fact that subnormal levels of these enzymes should not be ignored as they may indicate pathological conditions and provide a means of early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Y. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Cabezuelo MT, Torres L, Ortiz-Zapater E, López-Rodas G, Marín MP, Timoneda J, Viña JR, Zaragozá R, Barber T. Vitamin A Status Modulates Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in the Lung: The Role of Furin. Nutrients 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 38674868 PMCID: PMC11053499 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) induced TGF-β hyperactivation and reduced expression of cell adhesion proteins in the lung, suggesting that the disruption of retinoic acid (RA) signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). To elucidate the role of lung vitamin A status in EMT, several EMT markers and the expression of the proprotein convertase furin, which activates TGF-β, were analyzed in two experimental models. Our in vivo model included control rats, VAD rats, and both control rats and VAD rats, treated with RA. For the in vitro studies, human bronchoalveolar epithelial cells treated with RA were used. Our data show that EMT and furin are induced in VAD rats. Furthermore, furin expression continues to increase much more markedly after treatment of VAD rats with RA. In control rats and cell lines, an acute RA treatment induced a significant increase in furin expression, concomitant with changes in EMT markers. A ChIP assay demonstrated that RA directly regulates furin transcription. These results emphasize the importance of maintaining vitamin A levels within the physiological range since both levels below and above this range can cause adverse effects that, paradoxically, could be similar. The role of furin in EMT is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Centro Salud Safranar, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Gerardo López-Rodas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - M. Pilar Marín
- Microscopy Unit IIS La Fe Valencia, 46009 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Timoneda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-IIS INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (L.T.); (E.O.-Z.); (G.L.-R.); (J.T.); (J.R.V.); (T.B.)
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Yang DK, Tungalag T, Kang HS. Bulbils of Aerial Yam Attenuate Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HepG2 Cells through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress by Activation of the Nuclear Factor Erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2024; 16:542. [PMID: 38398866 PMCID: PMC10892442 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bulbil of yam (BY) extract contains various active compounds possessing many pharmacological properties. However, little is known about the effect and underlying mechanism of BY extract on ethanol-induced liver damage. The present study explored the beneficial potential of BY extract on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. To evaluate its effectiveness, ethanol-induced HepG2 liver cells were pretreated with BY extract. BY extract effectively rescued cells from ethanol treatment through inhibition of apoptotic cell death as well as inhibiting expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) proteins as stress inducers. BY extract increased the expression of typical antioxidants. Furthermore, BY extract significantly inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which are major ROS-inducing factors. Finally, as an underlying mechanism of the protective effects of BY extract on ethanol-induced liver damage, it activated Nrf2 protein through translocation from the cytosol to the nucleus, which in turn activated its target oxidative stress suppressor genes. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BY extract has potential antioxidative effects in ethanol-induced liver cells and contributes to the establishment of a treatment strategy for alcohol-derived liver injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kwon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.K.Y.); (T.T.)
| | - Tsendsuren Tungalag
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.K.Y.); (T.T.)
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sub Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea; (D.K.Y.); (T.T.)
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Krylov D, Rodimova S, Karabut M, Kuznetsova D. Experimental Models for Studying Structural and Functional State of the Pathological Liver (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2023; 15:65-82. [PMID: 38434194 PMCID: PMC10902899 DOI: 10.17691/stm2023.15.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver pathologies remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of liver diseases, the possibilities of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating non-alcoholic and alcoholic liver diseases still have a number of limitations and require the development of new methods and approaches. In laboratory studies, various models are used to reconstitute the pathological conditions of the liver, including cell cultures, spheroids, organoids, microfluidic systems, tissue slices. We reviewed the most commonly used in vivo, in vitro, and ex vivo models for studying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, toxic liver injury, and fibrosis, described their advantages, limitations, and prospects for use. Great emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of development of pathological conditions in each model, as well as the assessment of the possibility of reconstructing various key aspects of pathogenesis for all these pathologies. There is currently no consensus on the choice of the most adequate model for studying liver pathology. The choice of a certain effective research model is determined by the specific purpose and objectives of the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D.P. Krylov
- Laboratory Assistant, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Student, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
| | - S.A. Rodimova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Scientific Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - M.M. Karabut
- Researcher, Laboratory of Genomics of Adaptive Antitumor Immunity, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia
| | - D.S. Kuznetsova
- Head of Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnologies, Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies; Privolzhsky Research Medical University, 10/1 Minin and Pozharsky Square, Nizhny Novgorod, 603005, Russia; Head of the Research Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Researches, Institute of Clinical Medicine; National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Prospekt Gagarina, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia
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Yang S, Ratteree K, Turner SA, Tuason RT, Brooks A, Wallen GR, Barb JJ. Dietary Intakes of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder During a 4-Week Protocol on an Inpatient Treatment Unit Found to Meet Dietary Reference Intakes for Macronutrients, but Have Variability in Energy Balance and Adequacy of Micronutrient Intake. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:2311-2319. [PMID: 35659642 PMCID: PMC9691517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite literature supporting the importance of diet during rehabilitation, minimal research quantifies dietary intake during treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD). OBJECTIVE The aim was to quantify dietary intake and energy balance of patients with AUD during inpatient treatment. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of data from a 4-week observational protocol. Participants self-selected food from a room service menu. Dietary intake was recorded by patients and reviewed by nutrition staff. To quantify nutrient and food group intake, data were coded into Nutrition Data Systems for Research software, versions 2016 and 2017. Daily average intake was calculated for all dietary variables. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants (n = 22) were adults seeking treatment for AUD at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (Bethesda, MD) between September 2016 and September 2017 and who were enrolled in a study examining the microbiome during AUD rehabilitation. Four participants discontinued protocol participation before study week 4 and were not included in analyses examining change over time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Weight change, daily energy, and macronutrient and select micronutrient intakes were the main outcome measures included. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Mean differences in intake and weight were assessed using nonparametric tests. RESULTS Sixty-four percent of participants were male; mean ± SD age was 46.3 ± 13.0 years, mean ± SD body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) was 23.9 ± 2.5, and mean intake was 2,665 kcal/d (consisting of 45.9% carbohydrate, 34.9% fat, and 19.1% protein). Eighty percent or more of this sample met the Estimated Average Requirement for 10 of 16 micronutrients assessed. Male participants consumed more energy than estimated needs (P = .003) and gained a mean ± SD of 2.67 ± 1.84 kg (P = .006) when an outlier with weight loss and acute pancreatitis was removed from analysis. Female participants did not gain weight or consume more than estimated energy needs. CONCLUSIONS Overall macronutrient intake was within recommended ranges, but intake of other dietary components and weight gain were variable, supporting the need for individualized nutrition care during AUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanna Yang
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kelly Ratteree
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Sara A Turner
- Nutrition Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
| | | | - Alyssa Brooks
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Gwenyth R Wallen
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Jennifer J Barb
- Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Warner JB, Zirnheld KH, Hu H, Floyd A, Kong M, McClain CJ, Kirpich IA. Analysis of alcohol use, consumption of micronutrient and macronutrients, and liver health in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2025-2040. [PMID: 36124871 PMCID: PMC9722540 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is a major global healthcare burden that contributes to numerous adverse health outcomes, including liver disease. Many factors influence individual susceptibility to alcohol-associated diseases, including nutritional factors. The objective of the current study was to examine inter-relations among alcohol, dietary micronutrients and macronutrient consumption, and liver health by analyzing data from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). METHODS Based on self-reported alcohol consumption, NHANES respondents were assigned to one of four categories: never drinkers (lifetime abstainers), non-drinkers (past-year abstainers), moderate drinkers (1/2 drinks per day for females/males, respectively), and heavy drinkers (>1/>2 drinks per day for females/males, respectively, and/or frequent binge drinking). Survey-weighted regression analyses (adjusted for gender, age, race, education, and body mass index) were performed to examine associations between alcohol intake, dietary, and liver health characteristics. RESULTS Individuals categorized as heavy drinkers were significantly younger, most often well-educated males with low incidences of diabetes and other comorbidities. They consumed the most overall calories and various micronutrients, indicating a diet that was not necessarily nutrient poor. Neither moderate nor heavy drinkers had liver steatosis or fibrosis as measured by liver elastography, although heavy drinkers had modestly elevated plasma biomarkers of liver injury, including ALT, AST, and GGT, compared with the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the category of heavy drinkers in the 2017-2018 NHANES consisted of generally healthy individuals with high-energy intake and no evidence of liver steatosis or fibrosis. However, slightly increased plasma liver markers may indicate a risk of future progression to more advanced stages of liver disease over time in some individuals. Several limitations should be considered when interpreting these data, including the potential misclassification of drinking categories and the lack of standardized cutoff scores for fatty liver as assessed by elastography, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey B. Warner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Kara H. Zirnheld
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Huirong Hu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
| | - Alison Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
| | - Maiying Kong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, 485 East Gray Street, Louisville, KY 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Craig J. McClain
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 800 Zorn Avenue, Louisville, KY 40206, United States
| | - Irina A. Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Alcohol Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Hepatobiology and Toxicology Center, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 South Hancock Street, Louisville KY, 40202, United States
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Joseph PV, Zhou Y, Brooks B, McDuffie C, Agarwal K, Chao AM. Relationships among Alcohol Drinking Patterns, Macronutrient Composition, and Caloric Intake: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:559-565. [PMID: 35284941 PMCID: PMC9465521 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption is associated with poor diet. Mixed reports in literature, so far, emphasize on the detailed understanding of relationships between diet composition and binge drinking at different drinking thresholds. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of alcohol consumption thresholds with macronutrient composition, caloric intake and anthropometric measures from the NHANES 2017-2018 dataset. METHODS A total of 2320 participants' data were analyzed. Energy and nutrient content from daily food and beverage intake were assessed via two dietary recall interviews. Physical examination and Alcohol Use Questionnaire including details about lifetime and current usage patterns were obtained. Correlations were evaluated using the Rao-Scott F Adjusted Chi-square statistic and Wald F-test. Sample-weighted multiple linear regression models were built to analyze the associations among volume of alcohol consumed, weight history and macronutrient intake. RESULTS Waist circumference was significantly higher in 0- < 4 drinks/episode (low-quantity) drinkers than 4-7 drinks/episode (medium-quantity) and 8-11 drinks/episode (high-quantity) drinkers. High-quantity drinkers consumed significantly more kilocalories (2569.91) compared with low-quantity drinkers (2106.73). Low-quantity drinkers consumed more energy from carbohydrate and fat than medium and high-quantity drinkers. Very high-quantity drinkers (12+ drinks/episode) consumed less fiber (12.81 g) than low-quantity drinkers (16.67 g). CONCLUSIONS We observed an association between high alcohol intake and differences in eating habits and body composition. The findings suggest a need to compare more specific drinking patterns and their impact on nutrient intake. Although some results conflicted with previous studies, the mechanisms underlying alcohol's effect on ingestive and digestive metabolic pathways are still unclear and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paule V Joseph
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, 19014 PA, USA
| | - Brianna Brooks
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Christian McDuffie
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Khushbu Agarwal
- Sensory Science & Metabolism Unit, Biobehavioral Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, 20892 MD, USA
| | - Ariana M Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, Philadelphia, 19014 PA, USA.,Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, 19014 PA, USA
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Neuman MG, Seitz HK, Tuma PL, Osna NA, Casey CA, Kharbanda KK, Cohen LB, Malnick SDH, Adhikari R, Mitra R, Dagur RS, Ganesan M, Srinivas C, Madan Kumar A, New-Aaron M, Poluektova L, Thomes PG, Rasineni K, Opris M, Teschke R. Alcohol: basic and translational research; 15th annual Charles Lieber &1st Samuel French satellite symposium. Exp Mol Pathol 2022; 126:104750. [PMID: 35192844 PMCID: PMC9167794 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2022.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present review is based on the research presented at the symposium dedicated to the legacy of the two scientists that made important discoveries in the field of alcohol-induced liver damage: Professors C.S. Lieber and S.W. French. The invited speakers described pharmacological, toxicological and patho-physiological effects of alcohol misuse. Moreover, genetic biomarkers determining adverse drug reactions due to interactions between therapeutics used for chronic or infectious diseases and alcohol exposure were discussed. The researchers presented their work in areas of alcohol-induced impairment in lipid protein trafficking and endocytosis, as well as the role of lipids in the development of fatty liver. The researchers showed that alcohol leads to covalent modifications that promote hepatic dysfunction and injury. We concluded that using new advanced techniques and research ideas leads to important discoveries in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Liver and Alcohol Diseases, Ethianum Clinic, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pamela L Tuma
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Biology, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Natalia A Osna
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Carol A Casey
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Lawrence B Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steve D H Malnick
- Department of Internal Medicine C, Kaplan Medical Center, Affiliated Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raghabendra Adhikari
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Biology, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Ramyajit Mitra
- The Catholic University of America, Department of Biology, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Chava Srinivas
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Arumugam Madan Kumar
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Moses New-Aaron
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Larisa Poluektova
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul G Thomes
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Karuna Rasineni
- VA-Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Department of Veterans' Affairs, Omaha, NE, and Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Mihai Opris
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Family Medicine Clinic CAR, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rolf Teschke
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Medical Faculty, Goethe University Frankfurt/ Main, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Reveals Reductions in Maternal Hepatic Glucose and Amino Acid Content That Correlate with Fetal Organ Weights in a Mouse Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051096. [PMID: 35268071 PMCID: PMC8912878 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) causes fetal growth restrictions. A major driver of fetal growth deficits is maternal metabolic disruption; this is under-investigated following PAE. Untargeted metabolomics on the dam and fetus exposed to alcohol (ALC) revealed that the hepatic metabolome of ALC and control (CON) dams were distinct, whereas that of ALC and CON fetuses were similar. Alcohol reduced maternal hepatic glucose content and enriched essential amino acid (AA) catabolites, N-acetylated AA products, urea content, and free fatty acids. These alterations suggest an attempt to minimize the glucose gap by increasing gluconeogenesis using AA and glycerol. In contrast, ALC fetuses had unchanged glucose and AA levels, suggesting an adequate draw of maternal nutrients, despite intensified stress on ALC dams. Maternal metabolites including glycolytic intermediates, AA catabolites, urea, and one-carbon-related metabolites correlated with fetal liver and brain weights, whereas lipid metabolites correlated with fetal body weight, indicating they may be drivers of fetal weight outcomes. Together, these data suggest that ALC alters maternal hepatic metabolic activity to limit glucose availability, thereby switching to alternate energy sources to meet the high-energy demands of pregnancy. Their correlation with fetal phenotypic outcomes indicates the influence of maternal metabolism on fetal growth and development.
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10
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Alberca GGF, Alberca RW. Role of vitamin D deficiency and comorbidities in COVID-19. World J Virol 2022; 11:85-89. [PMID: 35117974 PMCID: PMC8788214 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v11.i1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent manuscripts described the incidence of vitamin D hypovitaminosis in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Vitamin D deficiency is also common in patients with comorbidities that are associated with a poor COVID-19 prognosis. In this letter, we review the literature regarding the association of comorbidities, vitamin D deficiency, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gama Freire Alberca
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences-University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04307-100, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 04307-100, Brazil
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11
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Cioarca-Nedelcu R, Atanasiu V, Stoian I. Alcoholic liver disease-from steatosis to cirrhosis - a biochemistry approach. J Med Life 2022; 14:594-599. [PMID: 35027961 PMCID: PMC8742892 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, chronic alcoholism and its health implications represent a global concern. Over three million deaths are linked to chronic alcohol intake every year. This article aims to spread awareness about the negative impact ethanol can have on almost every organ in the body, especially the liver. Understanding ethanol metabolism and the cellular pathways through which alcohol increases liver oxidative stress may prevent a broad spectrum of hepatic lesions such as steatosis, steatohepatitis, and, ultimately, cirrhosis. After a short review of ethanol metabolism and liver oxidative stress, each hepatic lesion will be individually discussed regarding the mechanism of apparition, treatment, and future targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeriu Atanasiu
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stoian
- Biochemistry Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
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12
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Zheng LY, Zou X, Wang YL, Zou M, Ma F, Wang N, Li JW, Wang MS, Hung HY, Wang Q. Betulinic acid-nucleoside hybrid prevents acute alcohol -induced liver damage by promoting anti-oxidative stress and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 914:174686. [PMID: 34883073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic abuse is one of the most serious causes of liver diseases worldwide. Although detailed molecular pathogenesis of alcohol-induced liver damages remains elusive with intensive debates, it has been widely recognized that hepatic damage caused by free radicals generated from alcohol metabolism is one of the most critical factors for alcohol-induced liver diseases. Betulinic acid is a potent antioxidant with additional known pharmacological safety characteristics and minimal toxicity. However, poor solubility limited its usage. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of BAN, a betulinic acid and nucleoside hybrid with good water solubility, in reversing acute liver damages using an established alcohol overdose animal model. The results indicated that BAN is an extremely promising therapeutic agent against acute alcohol-induced liver damage. BAN effectively protects liver from alcohol damage by reducing serum ALT level by up to 47%, as well as liver oxidative stress indicated by significantly increased SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px levels. Moreover, hepatic FXR activation and a corresponding downstream anti-oxidative stress transcriptional cascade including Nrf2, HO-1, and NOQ1 induce the protective role of BAN. On the other hand, BAN administration also leads to increase cellular autophagy response, as indicated by the key ATG protein activation. We concluded that BAN, comparing with Betulinic acid, prevents acute alcohol-induced liver damages more effectively, with the dual mechanisms of neutralizing oxidative stress and promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yun Zheng
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Min Zou
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Li
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Sheng Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; Henan Key Laboratory for Pharmacology of Liver Diseases, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China; National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproductive Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou, China; High& New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China.
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13
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Pohl K, Moodley P, Dhanda AD. Alcohol's Impact on the Gut and Liver. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093170. [PMID: 34579046 PMCID: PMC8472839 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is inextricably linked with the digestive system. It is absorbed through the gut and metabolised by hepatocytes within the liver. Excessive alcohol use results in alterations to the gut microbiome and gut epithelial integrity. It contributes to important micronutrient deficiencies including short-chain fatty acids and trace elements that can influence immune function and lead to liver damage. In some people, long-term alcohol misuse results in liver disease progressing from fatty liver to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, and results in over half of all deaths from chronic liver disease, over half a million globally per year. In this review, we will describe the effect of alcohol on the gut, the gut microbiome and liver function and structure, with a specific focus on micronutrients and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Pohl
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Prebashan Moodley
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Ashwin D. Dhanda
- South West Liver Unit, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK; (K.P.); (P.M.)
- Hepatology Research Group, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1752-432723
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14
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Alberca RW, Rigato PO, Ramos YÁL, Teixeira FME, Branco ACC, Fernandes IG, Pietrobon AJ, Duarte AJDS, Aoki V, Orfali RL, Sato MN. Clinical Characteristics and Survival Analysis in Frequent Alcohol Consumers With COVID-19. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689296. [PMID: 34150832 PMCID: PMC8206498 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can generate a systemic disease named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Currently, the COVID-19 pandemic has killed millions worldwide, presenting huge health and economic challenges worldwide. Several risk factors, such as age, co-infections, metabolic syndrome, and smoking have been associated with poor disease progression and outcomes. Alcohol drinking is a common social practice among adults, but frequent and/or excessive consumption can mitigate the anti-viral and anti-bacterial immune responses. Therefore, we investigated if patients with self-reported daily alcohol consumption (DAC) presented alteration in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. We investigated 122 patients with COVID-19 (101 male and 46 females), in which 23 were patients with DAC (18 men and 5 women) and 99 were non-DAC patients (58 men and 41 women), without other infections, neoplasia, or immunodeficiencies. Although with no difference in age, patients with DAC presented an increase in severity-associated COVID-19 markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil count, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. In addition, patients with DAC presented a reduction in the lymphocytes and monocytes counts. Importantly, the DAC group presented an increase in death rate in comparison with the non-DAC group. Our results demonstrated that, in our cohort, DAC enhanced COVID-19-associated inflammation, and increased the number of deaths due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Ordonhez Rigato
- Technical Division of Medical Biology, Immunology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Branco
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iara Grigoletto Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Leão Orfali
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratorio de Dermatologia e Imunodeficiencias (LIM-56), Departamento de Dermatologia, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Instituto de Medicina Tropica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Bai D, Fan J, Li M, Dong C, Gao Y, Fu M, Huang G, Liu H. Effects of Folic Acid Combined with DHA Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Amyloid-β-Related Biomarkers in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment by a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:155-167. [PMID: 33749643 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroprotective benefits of combined folic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are suggested but unconfirmed. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of 6-month folic acid + DHA on cognitive function in patients with MCI. METHODS Our randomized controlled trial (trial number ChiCTR-IOR-16008351) was conducted in Tianjin, China. We divided 160 MCI patients aged > 60 years into four regimen groups randomly: folic acid (0.8 mg/day) + DHA (800 mg/day), folic acid (0.8 mg/day), DHA (800 mg/day), and placebo, for 6 months. Cognitive function and blood amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) biomarker levels were measured at baseline and 6 months. Cognitive function was also measured at 12 months. RESULTS A total of 138 patients completed this trial. Folic acid improved the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), arithmetic, and picture complement scores; DHA improved the FSIQ, information, arithmetic, and digit span scores; folic acid + DHA improved the arithmetic (difference 1.67, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.31) and digital span (1.33, 0.24 to 2.43) scores compared to placebo. At 12 months, all scores declined in the intervention groups. Folic acid and folic acid + DHA increased blood folate (folic acid + DHA: 7.70, 3.81 to 11.59) and S-adenosylmethionine (23.93, 1.86 to 46.00) levels and reduced homocysteine levels (-6.51, -10.57 to -2.45) compared to placebo. DHA lower the Aβ40 levels (-40.57, -79.79 to -1.35) compared to placebo (p < 0.05), and folic acid + DHA reduced the Aβ42 (-95.59, -150.76 to -40.43) and Aβ40 levels (-45.75, -84.67 to -6.84) more than DHA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Folic acid and DHA improve cognitive function and reduce blood Aβ production in MCI patients. Combination therapy may be more beneficial in reducing blood Aβ-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Bai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Nutrition, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuixia Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Hujiayuan Community Health Service Center of Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition, and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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16
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de Almeida JM, Pazmino VFC, Novaes VCN, Bomfim SRM, Nagata MJH, Oliveira FLP, Matheus HR, Ervolino E. Chronic consumption of alcohol increases alveolar bone loss. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232731. [PMID: 32817640 PMCID: PMC7446912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of the chronic consumption of different concentrations of alcohol on the experimental periodontitis (EP). 160 rats were divided into 4 groups: (EP-NT) rats with EP and no alcohol exposure; (EP-A14) rats with EP exposed to 14% alcohol; (EP-A25) rats with EP exposed to 25% alcohol; (EP-A36) rats with EP exposed to 36% alcohol. The animals from the EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups were subjected to different concentrations of alcohol 30 days before EP induction. The histological characteristics, percentage of bone in the furcation (PBF) and bone metabolism in the furcation region were evaluated. The PBF and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) data were subjected to statistical analysis. The EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups had lower PBFs compared with the EP-NT group. A more severe inflammatory process and a greater number of TRAP+ cells were also observed. In the EP-A14, EP-A25 and EP-A36 groups, the inflammatory process became more severe as the ingested alcoholic concentration increased. An increase in RANKL immunolabeling and a significantly higher number of TRAP+ cells were also observed. We conclude that chronic alcohol consumption increases the severity of experimental periodontitis in a dose-dependent manner by increasing the magnitude of local inflammatory responses and stimulating alveolar bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Milanezi de Almeida
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Victor Fabrizio Cabrera Pazmino
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Vivian Cristina Noronha Novaes
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Regina Mogami Bomfim
- Department of Clinic, Surgery and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria José Hitomi Nagata
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fred Lucas Pinto Oliveira
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Henrique Rinald Matheus
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery—Division of Periodontics, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
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17
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McLean C, Tapsell L, Grafenauer S, McMahon AT. Nutritional Care of Patients Admitted to Hospital for Alcohol Withdrawal: A 5-Year Retrospective Audit. Alcohol Alcohol 2020; 55:489-496. [PMID: 32628260 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and the nutritional approaches implemented with patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records for patients admitted to a tertiary hospital for alcohol withdrawal was completed over a 5-year period 2013-2017. Data on nutrition-related assessment and management were extracted and descriptively analysed. RESULTS A total of 109 medical records were included (M = 73, F = 36), with the mean age of patients 47.3 years (SD ± 11.2, range 22-70). The average length of stay was 3.7 days (SD ± 3.9, range 0.70-27.8). Approaches towards nutritional care emerged from micronutrient assessment and supplementation and/or dietetic consultation. Nutrition-related biochemistry data was available for most patients, notably serum levels of sodium, urea and creatinine (102 patients; 93.5%) and magnesium and phosphate (66 patients, 60.5%). There was evidence of some electrolyte abnormalities on admission to hospital. Eight patients had serum micronutrient status assessed; no patients had serum thiamine levels assessed. Parenteral thiamine was provided to 96 patients (88.0%) for 1.9 days (SD ± 1.1, range 1.0-6.0) with a mean dose of 2458.7 mg (SD ± 1347.6, range 300-6700 mg). Multivitamin supplementation was provided to 24 patients (22.0%). Only 23 patients (21.2%) were seen by a dietician of whom 16 underwent a comprehensive nutritional assessment and 3 were screened using the malnutrition screening tool. CONCLUSION Inconsistent nutritional assessment and management practices were identified across a diverse population group, whilst nutritional professionals were underutilized. Future research should benchmark current guidelines and multidisciplinary approaches considering the role of nutritional specialists in the team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron McLean
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, St George Hospital, Kogarah, 2217 New South Wales, Australia.,Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2500 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda Tapsell
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 New South Wales, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, 2500 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sara Grafenauer
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2500 New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne-Therese McMahon
- Public Health Nutrition, School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, 2500 New South Wales, Australia
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18
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Morales G, Martínez-González MA, Barbería-Latasa M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Gea A. Mediterranean diet, alcohol-drinking pattern and their combined effect on all-cause mortality: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1489-1498. [PMID: 32737614 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been widely studied. However, controversy remains for one of its components: alcohol intake. We aimed to assess the joint effect of adherence to the MedDiet and alcohol-drinking pattern on all-cause mortality. METHODS We used data from 20,506 subjects from a prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort. Adherence to the MedDiet was operationalized using four different dietary indexes and then categorized in low or high adherence, according to the median score. Alcohol-drinking pattern was evaluated with the previously defined the Mediterranean alcohol-drinking pattern (MADP), grouped into three categories of adherence (low, moderate and high adherence) and a fourth category for abstainers. The outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.1 years, we observed 460 deaths. No statistically significant supra-multiplicative interaction between the two exposures was found. Low adherence to both the MedDiet and MADP was associated with higher all-cause mortality compared to high adherence to both exposures [multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-3.07]. Similar results were found for cancer mortality and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS Although the combined effect of the MedDiet and MADP was not significantly higher than the product of their individual effects, a low adherence to both the MedDiet and MADP was associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality. This report also shows the usefulness of the dietary pattern approach applied to alcohol intake and of including the drinking pattern as another component of the MedDiet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Morales
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Epidemiología Cardiovascular y Nutricional (EPICYN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Miguel A Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - María Barbería-Latasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdisNA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Chernyavsky S, Dharapak P, Hui J, Laskova V, Merrill E, Pillay K, Siau E, Rizk D. Alcohol and the Hospitalized Patient. Med Clin North Am 2020; 104:681-694. [PMID: 32505260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use is a common social and recreational activity in our society. Misuse of alcohol can lead to significant medical comorbidities that can affect essentially every organ system and lead to high health care costs and utilization. Heavy alcohol use across the spectrum from binge drinking and intoxication to chronic alcohol use disorder can lead to high morbidity and mortality both in the long and short term. Recognizing and treating common neurologic, gastrointestinal, and hematological manifestations of excess alcohol intake are essential for those who care for hospitalized patients. Withdrawal is among the most common and dangerous sequela associated with alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Chernyavsky
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Patricia Dharapak
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Jennifer Hui
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Violetta Laskova
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Eve Merrill
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Kamana Pillay
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Evan Siau
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Dahlia Rizk
- Department of Medicine, Mt Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine, 16th Street and 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Shah K, Shaw C, Sirohi S. Reduced alcohol drinking following patterned feeding: Role of palatability and acute contingent availability. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113020. [PMID: 32574662 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies from our lab have demonstrated that intermittent high-fat diet access reduces alcohol drinking in rats. However, it was unclear if caloric overload, palatability, or diet itself triggered reduced alcohol drinking. It is also unknown if a similar paradigm could reduce relapse-like alcohol drinking. The presented study tested the hypothesis that acute intermittent palatable diet (PD) access would rescue relapse-like drinking and palatability, but not diet itself contributes to reduced drinking. Male Long Evans rats received six-weeks intermittent or chronic chow (controls) or PDs (high-fat diet, high-sugar diet) exposure, and alcohol testing occurred following PDs suspension. Alcohol intake was not significantly different among groups in either condition, suggesting that diet itself did not impact alcohol drinking. A subset of these rats received two-weeks intermittent PDs (Int-PDs) exposure and alcohol testing reinitiated while Int-PDs access continued. Alcohol intake significantly escalated (~137% compared to baseline; alcohol deprivation effect) in the chow controls, whereas it remained unchanged in PD groups. These data demonstrate the critical importance of acute intermittent PDs availability and its protective effect in relapse-like drinking. To assess the contribution of palatability in reduced alcohol drinking, a separate group of rats received two-weeks intermittent high-sugar diet (Int-HSD) or saccharin (Int-SAC) access and tested for alcohol drinking while Int-HSD/SAC continued. Alcohol drinking significantly decreased (~30%) in both HSD and SAC groups compared to the controls. These data identify the critical parameters by which acute intermittent PD access reduces alcohol drinking and could have important therapeutic implications in the management of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Shah
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 70125, LA, USA
| | - Cemilia Shaw
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 70125, LA, USA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans 70125, LA, USA.
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Rodrigues H, Goméz-Corona C, Valentin D. Femininities & masculinities: sex, gender, and stereotypes in food studies. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This is a review of the research on the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation for alcoholism and alcohol-related illnesses. The focus is on research, both clinical and basic on alcohol treatment and nutritional effectiveness of these vital nutrients. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the research involves basic experiments exploring the impact of vitamin depletion or deficits on physiological systems, especially liver and brain, in rodents. These often include behavioral measures that use cognitive, learning/memory and motivation experiments that model clinical studies. These provide support for hypotheses concerning the impact of such deficiencies in clinical populations. Clinical studies are rare and involve evaluation of the outcome of supplementation usually in the context of a treatment program. Specific vitamins, dosages and treatment programs vary. Deficiencies in retinoids (vitamin A), thiamine (B1) and niacin (B3) are the most frequently investigated. However, there is a greater need for further research on other vitamins, and for more uniform supplementation and treatment procedures. SUMMARY The literature is primarily basic research on specific vitamins. There are very significant findings with individual vitamin supplementation and combinations that show promise of our understanding of the role of vitamins in the disease of alcoholism and its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Lewis
- Department of Psychology, Hunter College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York, USA
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23
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Lu J, Zhu X, Zhang C, Lu F, Lu Z, Lu Y. Co-expression of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in Bacillus subtilis for alcohol detoxification. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 135:110890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Brutman J, Davis JF, Sirohi S. Behavioral and Neurobiological Consequences of Hedonic Feeding on Alcohol Drinking. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2309-2315. [PMID: 32026772 PMCID: PMC7321868 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200206092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A complex interplay of peripheral and central signaling mechanisms within the body of an organism maintains energy homeostasis. In addition, energy/food intake is modified by various external factors (e.g., palatability, food availability, social and environmental triggers). Highly palatable foods can provoke maladaptive feeding behavior, which in turn disrupts normal homeostatic regulation resulting in numerous health consequences. Furthermore, neuroendocrine peptides, traditionally considered to regulate appetite and energy homeostasis, also control the intake and reinforcing properties of alcohol and drugs of abuse. Therefore, dysregulated eating as a result of a hedonic/binge-like intake of hyper-palatable food may impact alcohol drinking behavior. Relevant in this case is the fact that eating disorders are highly comorbid with several neuropsychiatric conditions, including alcohol use disorder. The present review is intended to summarize the neurobiological and functional consequences of hedonic feeding on alcohol intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Brutman
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Jon F. Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA
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Cabezuelo MT, Zaragozá R, Barber T, Viña JR. Role of Vitamin A in Mammary Gland Development and Lactation. Nutrients 2019; 12:E80. [PMID: 31892157 PMCID: PMC7019238 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol), its active derivatives retinal and retinoic acid, and their synthetic analogues constitute the group of retinoids. It is obtained from diet either as preformed vitamin A or as carotenoids. Retinal plays a biological role in vision, but most of the effects of vitamin A are exerted by retinoic acid, which binds to nuclear receptors and regulates gene transcription. Vitamin A deficiency is an important nutritional problem, particularly in the developing world. Retinol and carotenoids from diet during pregnancy and lactation influence their concentration in breast milk, which is important in the long term, not only for the offspring, but also for maternal health. In this study, we review the role of vitamin A in mammary gland metabolism, where retinoid signaling is required not only for morphogenesis and development of the gland and for adequate milk production, but also during the weaning process, when epithelial cell death is coupled with tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Teresa Cabezuelo
- Department of Physiology, Universitat de València, Avda. Blasco Ibañez, 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- University Hospital Doctor Peset, Gaspar Aguilar, 90, 46017 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rosa Zaragozá
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Barber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.B.); (J.R.V.)
| | - Juan R. Viña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Universitat de València, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (T.B.); (J.R.V.)
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Villavasso S, Shaw C, Skripnikova E, Shah K, Davis JF, Sirohi S. Nutritional Contingency Reduces Alcohol Drinking by Altering Central Neurotransmitter Receptor Gene Expression in Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2731. [PMID: 31717954 PMCID: PMC6893745 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that 6 weeks of intermittent high-fat diet (Int-HFD) pre-exposure significantly reduced alcohol drinking in rats, providing preliminary evidence of the effectiveness of a dietary intervention in reducing alcohol intake. However, the functional framework and underlying neurobiological mechanisms of such dietary intervention are unknown. Here, we examined the impact of Int-HFD pre-exposure duration on alcohol drinking, plasma feeding peptides, and central neurotransmitter receptors gene expression. Male Long Evans rats (n = 6-7/group) received no pre-exposure, 1 or 2 weeks pre-exposure to Int-HFD and alcohol drinking (two-bottle choice) was evaluated. We observed HFD pre-exposure-dependent decrease in alcohol drinking, with a significant decrease observed following 2 weeks of Int-HFD pre-exposure. No significant between-group differences in plasma feeding peptides (i.e., ghrelin, leptin, insulin) were detected. A PCR array revealed that the expression of several neurotransmitter receptors was significantly (p < 0.05 and ≥2-fold) altered in the striatum and ventral tegmental area compared to controls. These data suggest that pre-exposure to a palatable diet is critical to reduce alcohol drinking in rats, possibly through genetic alterations in the brain reward circuitry. Importantly, the present study is a step forward in identifying the critical framework needed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of nutritional contingency in the management of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Starr Villavasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Cemilia Shaw
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Elena Skripnikova
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Krishna Shah
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Jon F. Davis
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Sunil Sirohi
- Laboratory of Endocrine and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Division of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA; (S.V.); (C.S.); (E.S.); (K.S.)
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White GE, Mair C, Richardson GA, Courcoulas AP, King WC. Alcohol Use Among U.S. Adults by Weight Status and Weight Loss Attempt: NHANES, 2011-2016. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:220-230. [PMID: 31326006 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Past research examining the relationship between alcohol use and weight status has not differentiated among classes of obesity. There is limited research investigating whether adults trying to lose weight consume less alcohol. METHODS In 2018-2019, the authors analyzed 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for nonpregnant adults aged ≥20 years with BMI ≥18.5 kg/m2. Multinomial and binomial logistic regression and linear regression were used to test associations between (1) past-year alcohol use and current weight status, differentiating among Class 1, 2, and 3 obesity, and (2) past-year weight loss attempt and alcohol use, controlling for potential confounders. Analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS Male current drinkers versus nondrinkers had lower odds of Class 3 obesity versus healthy weight (AOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.42, 0.92); female current drinkers versus nondrinkers had lower odds of Class 1 (AOR=0.67, 95% CI=0.50, 0.90), Class 2 (AOR=0.62, 95% CI=0.46, 0.83), and Class 3 (AOR=0.66, 95% CI=0.49, 0.89) obesity versus healthy weight. Among current drinkers, less frequent alcohol use was associated with higher odds of Class 1-3 obesity versus healthy weight in both sexes (p<0.05), whereas higher continued volume (heavier drinking) was associated with higher odds of Class 1-3 obesity versus healthy weight in females (p=0.049). Females reporting a weight loss attempt had higher odds of current drinking and more frequent heavy drinking. CONCLUSIONS Lower frequency of alcohol use (both sexes) and higher continued volume (female adults only) are associated with higher odds of higher weight status. Female adults trying to lose weight drink more, despite guidelines suggesting reducing caloric intake for weight control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen E White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Mair
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gale A Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anita P Courcoulas
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Wendy C King
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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Tu Y, Zhu S, Wang J, Burstein E, Jia D. Natural compounds in the chemoprevention of alcoholic liver disease. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2192-2212. [PMID: 31264302 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD), caused by excessive consumption of alcohol, is a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Much effort has been expended to explore the pathogenesis of ALD. Hepatic cell injury, oxidative stress, inflammation, regeneration, and bacterial translocation are all involved in the pathogenesis of ALD. Immediate abstinence is the most important therapeutic treatment for affected individuals. However, the medical treatment for ALD had not advanced in a long period. Intriguingly, an increasing body of research indicates the potential of natural compounds in the targeted therapy of ALD. A plethora of dietary natural products such as flavonoids, resveratrol, saponins, and β-carotene are found to exert protective effects on ALD. This occurs through various mechanisms composed of antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, iron chelation, pro-apoptosis, and/or antiproliferation of hepatic stellate cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge about the pathogenesis and treatments of ALD and focus on the potential of natural compounds in ALD therapies and underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Tu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Science and Technology for Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Foresight and Evaluation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Da Jia
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Paediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Abstract
Both acute intoxication and longer-term cumulative ingestion of alcohol negatively impact the metabolic phenotype of both skeletal and cardiac muscle, independent of overt protein calorie malnutrition, resulting in loss of skeletal muscle strength and cardiac contractility. In large part, these alcohol-induced changes are mediated by a decrease in protein synthesis that in turn is governed by impaired activity of a protein kinase, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding mTOR signal transduction, similarities and differences between the effects of alcohol on this central metabolic controller in skeletal muscle and in the heart, and the effects of acute versus chronic alcohol intake. While alcohol-induced alterations in global proteolysis via activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway are equivocal, emerging data suggest alcohol increases autophagy in muscle. Further studies are necessary to define the relative contributions of these bidirectional changes in protein synthesis and autophagy in the etiology of alcoholic myopathy in skeletal muscle and the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scot R Kimball
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA; ,
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA; ,
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30
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Lentz EC, Narayanan S, De A. Last and least: Findings on intrahousehold undernutrition from participatory research in South Asia. Soc Sci Med 2019; 232:316-323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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31
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Kołota A, Głąbska D, Oczkowski M, Gromadzka-Ostrowska J. Influence of Alcohol Consumption on Body Mass Gain and Liver Antioxidant Defense in Adolescent Growing Male Rats. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16132320. [PMID: 31261999 PMCID: PMC6651161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16132320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that alcohol consumption is a serious problem in adolescents. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the time of exposure of various alcoholic beverages on body mass as well as on select parameters of liver antioxidant defense in adolescent Wistar rats. Thirty-day-old animals were divided into 12 groups (six animals in each): control and groups receiving various beverages containing 10% of alcohol (ethanol, red wine, beer), observed for two, four, and six weeks. The body weight gain and energy supply were analyzed for body mass assessment. The catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, transferase (GST), reductase activities, total antioxidant status, and glutathione level (GSH) were analyzed, for a liver antioxidant defense assessment. Group receiving red wine was characterized by the highest alcohol intake, lowest dietary intake, and highest total energy supply (p < 0.05). However, this did not influence body weight gain (p > 0.05). Reduced diet intake in groups receiving alcohol was counterbalanced by its energy value. Therefore, the energy supply was not lower than for the control (p > 0.05). Alcohol consumption and the experiment duration influenced CAT, SOD, and GST activities and GSH level. Alcohol consumption may influence hepatic antioxidant defense in adolescent male rats, but without influence on body weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kołota
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Oczkowski
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Gromadzka-Ostrowska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW-WULS), 159c Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Micronutrient Deficiencies in Medical and Surgical Inpatients. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8070931. [PMID: 31261695 PMCID: PMC6678268 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8070931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inpatients are threatened by global malnutrition, but also by specific micronutrient (i.e., trace element and vitamins) deficiencies that frequently are overseen in the differential diagnosis of major organ dysfunctions. Some of them are related to specific geographic risks (iodine, iron, selenium, zinc, vitamin A), while others are pathology related, and finally many are associated with specific feeding patterns, including low dose enteral feeding. Among the pathologies in which laboratory blood investigations should include a micronutrient outwork, anemia is in the front line, followed by obesity with bariatric surgery, chronic liver disease, kidney disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiomyopathies and heart failure. The micronutrients at the highest risk are iron, zinc, thiamine, vitamin B12 and vitamin C. Admission to hospital has been linked with an additional risk of malnutrition—feeding below 1500 kcal/day was frequent and has been associated with a structural additional risk of insufficient micronutrient intake to cover basal needs. Although not evidence based, systematic administration of liberal thiamine doses upon admission, and daily complementation of inpatients’ food and enteral feeding solutions with multi-micronutrient tablets might be considered.
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Bhatia S, Drake DM, Miller L, Wells PG. Oxidative stress and DNA damage in the mechanism of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:714-748. [PMID: 31033255 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review covers molecular mechanisms involving oxidative stress and DNA damage that may contribute to morphological and functional developmental disorders in animal models resulting from exposure to alcohol (ethanol, EtOH) in utero or in embryo culture. Components covered include: (a) a brief overview of EtOH metabolism and embryopathic mechanisms other than oxidative stress; (b) mechanisms within the embryo and fetal brain by which EtOH increases the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS); (c) critical embryonic/fetal antioxidative enzymes and substrates that detoxify ROS; (d) mechanisms by which ROS can alter development, including ROS-mediated signal transduction and oxidative DNA damage, the latter of which leads to pathogenic genetic (mutations) and epigenetic changes; (e) pathways of DNA repair that mitigate the pathogenic effects of DNA damage; (f) related indirect mechanisms by which EtOH enhances risk, for example by enhancing the degradation of some DNA repair proteins; and, (g) embryonic/fetal pathways like NRF2 that regulate the levels of many of the above components. Particular attention is paid to studies in which chemical and/or genetic manipulation of the above mechanisms has been shown to alter the ability of EtOH to adversely affect development. Alterations in the above components are also discussed in terms of: (a) individual embryonic and fetal determinants of risk and (b) potential risk biomarkers and mitigating strategies. FASD risk is likely increased in progeny which/who are biochemically predisposed via genetic and/or environmental mechanisms, including enhanced pathways for ROS formation and/or deficient pathways for ROS detoxification or DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Bhatia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle M Drake
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter G Wells
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Pharmaceutical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Goc Z, Kapusta E, Formicki G, Martiniaková M, Omelka R. Effect of taurine on ethanol-induced oxidative stress in mouse liver and kidney. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2019; 62:148-156. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_28_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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35
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Tomato lycopene prevention of alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:211-224. [PMID: 30603740 PMCID: PMC6308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United States, and chronic, excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 32%–45% of all the liver cancer cases in the United States. Avoidance of chronic or excessive alcohol intake is the best protection against alcohol-related liver injury; however, the social presence and addictive power of alcohol are strong. Induction of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme by chronic and excessive alcohol intake is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALD. High intake of tomatoes, rich in the carotenoid lycopene, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. The review will overview the prevention of ALD and HCC through dietary tomato rich in lycopene as an effective intervention strategy and the crucial role of CYP2E1 induction as a molecular target. The review also indicates a need for caution among individuals consuming both alcohol and high dose lycopene as a dietary supplement.
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Lu J, Lyu Y, Li M, Sun J, Huang Z, Lu F, Lu Z. Alleviating acute alcoholic liver injury in mice with Bacillus subtilis co-expressing alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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37
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Arellanes-Robledo J, Reyes-Gordillo K, Ibrahim J, Leckey L, Shah R, Lakshman MR. Ethanol targets nucleoredoxin/dishevelled interactions and stimulates phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate production in vivo and in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 156:135-146. [PMID: 30125555 PMCID: PMC6297114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoredoxin (NXN) is a redox-regulating protein potentially targeted by reactive oxygen species (ROS). It regulates molecular pathways that participate in several key cellular processes. However, the role of NXN in the alcohol liver disease (ALD) redox regulation has not been fully understood. Here, we investigated the effects of ethanol and ethanol plus lipopolysaccharide, a two-hit liver injury model (Ethanol/LPS), on NXN/dishevelled (DVL) interaction and on DVL-dependent phosphoinositides production both in mouse liver and in a co-culture system consisting of human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and ethanol metabolizing-VL17A human hepatocyte cells. Ethanol and two-hit model increased Nxn protein and mRNA expression, and 4-hydroxynonenal adducts. Two-hit model promoted Nxn nuclear translocation and Dvl/Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type-IIα (Pi4k2a) interaction ratio but surprisingly decreased Dvl protein and mRNA levels and reverted ethanol-induced Nxn/Dvl and Dvl/frizzled (Fzd) interaction ratios. Ethanol resulted in a significant increase of Dvl protein and mRNA expression, and decreased Nxn/Dvl interaction ratio but promoted the interaction of Dvl with Fzd and Pi4k2a; formation of this complex induced phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P] production. Ethanol and LPS treatments provoked similar alterations on NXN/DVL interaction and its downstream effect in HSC/VL17A co-culture system. Interestingly, ROS and glutathione levels as well as most of ethanol-induced alterations were modified by NXN overexpression in the co-culture system. In conclusion, two-hit model of ethanol exposure disrupts NXN/DVL homeostatic status to allow DVL/FZD/PI4K2A complex formation and stimulates PI(4)P production. These results provide a new mechanism showing that NXN also participates in the regulation of phosphoinositides production that is altered by ethanol during alcoholic liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Arellanes-Robledo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA; Laboratory of Hepatic Diseases, National Institute of Genomic Medicine - INMEGEN, CDMX, Mexico; National Council of Science and Technology - CONACYT, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA.
| | - Joseph Ibrahim
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Leslie Leckey
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Ruchi Shah
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - M Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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Xiao C, Zhou F, Zhao M, Su G, Sun B. Chicken breast muscle hydrolysates ameliorate acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice through alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activation and oxidative stress reduction. Food Funct 2018; 9:774-784. [PMID: 29309081 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ameliorative effect of chicken breast muscle hydrolysates (CBMHs) against acute alcohol-induced liver injury was investigated and its probable mechanism was further elucidated. In vitro studies clearly showed that CBMHs are able to activate alcohol metabolic enzymes (i.e. alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH) in an exponential manner. Meanwhile, an in vivo experiment on male NIH mice indicated that the oral administration of CBMHs (150, 300 and 600 mg per kg bw) 30 min prior to acute alcohol ingestion could significantly promote alcohol metabolism as revealed by the reduced duration of the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and the enhanced activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver, the latter accelerating alcohol oxidation and therefore the decreased blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. Pretreatment with CBMHs significantly decreased the elevations of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) after alcohol administration. CBMHs could also retard lipid peroxidation as revealed by the suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) level and simultaneously enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue. Furthermore, increased histological damage and higher (p < 0.05) hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents in acute alcoholic-diet fed mice were also reduced (p < 0.05) by supplementing with CBMHs. These benefits clearly suggested that CBMHs could be a potential nutraceutical to facilitate alcohol metabolism and prevent or ameliorate early liver injury induced by acute alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Sun J, Fu J, Li L, Chen C, Wang H, Hou Y, Xu Y, Pi J. Nrf2 in alcoholic liver disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 357:62-69. [PMID: 30165058 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality of liver disorders and a major health issue globally. ALD refers to a spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Various mechanisms, including oxidative stress, protein and DNA modification, inflammation and impaired lipid metabolism, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALD. Further, reactive oxygen species (ROS) in particular, have been identified as a key component in the initiation and progression of ALD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of the intracellular adaptive antioxidant response to oxidative stress, and aids in the detoxification of a variety of toxicants. Given its cytoprotective role, Nrf2 has been extensively studied as a therapeutic target for ALD. Paradoxically, however, emerging evidence have revealed that Nrf2 may be implicated in the progression of ALD. In this review, we summarize the role of Nrf2 in the development of ALD and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Clearly, more comprehensive studies with proper animal and cell models and in human are needed to verify the potential therapeutic role of Nrf2 in ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
| | - Lu Li
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Chengjie Chen
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Group of Chronic Disease and Environmental Genomics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
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Vitamin A Deficiency and the Lung. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091132. [PMID: 30134568 PMCID: PMC6164133 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) is a fat-soluble micronutrient which together with its natural derivatives and synthetic analogues constitutes the group of retinoids. They are involved in a wide range of physiological processes such as embryonic development, vision, immunity and cellular differentiation and proliferation. Retinoic acid (RA) is the main active form of vitamin A and multiple genes respond to RA signalling through transcriptional and non-transcriptional mechanisms. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a remarkable public health problem. An adequate vitamin A intake is required in early lung development, alveolar formation, tissue maintenance and regeneration. In fact, chronic VAD has been associated with histopathological changes in the pulmonary epithelial lining that disrupt the normal lung physiology predisposing to severe tissue dysfunction and respiratory diseases. In addition, there are important alterations of the structure and composition of extracellular matrix with thickening of the alveolar basement membrane and ectopic deposition of collagen I. In this review, we show our recent findings on the modification of cell-junction proteins in VAD lungs, summarize up-to-date information related to the effects of chronic VAD in the impairment of lung physiology and pulmonary disease which represent a major global health problem and provide an overview of possible pathways involved.
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Shah R, Reyes-Gordillo K, Cheng Y, Varatharajalu R, Ibrahim J, Lakshman MR. Thymosin β4 Prevents Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Ethanol- and LPS-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9630175. [PMID: 30116499 PMCID: PMC6079392 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9630175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), an actin-sequestering protein, is involved in tissue development and regeneration. It prevents inflammation and fibrosis in several tissues. We investigated the role of Tβ4 in chronic ethanol- and acute lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced mouse liver injury. C57BL/6 mice were fed 5% ethanol in liquid diet for 4 weeks plus binge ethanol (5 g/kg, gavage) with or without LPS (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) for 6 hours. Tβ4 (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was administered for 1 week. We demonstrated that Tβ4 prevented ethanol- and LPS-mediated increase in liver injury markers as well as changes in liver pathology. It also prevented ethanol- and LPS-mediated increase in oxidative stress by decreasing ROS and lipid peroxidation and increasing the antioxidants, reduced glutathione and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase. It also prevented the activation of nuclear factor kappa B by blocking the phosphorylation of the inhibitory protein, IκB, thereby prevented proinflammatory cytokine production. Moreover, Tβ4 prevented fibrogenesis by suppressing the epigenetic repressor, methyl-CpG-binding protein 2, that coordinately reversed the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and downregulated fibrogenic genes, platelet-derived growth factor-β receptor, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen 1, and fibronectin, resulting in reduced fibrosis. Our data suggest that Tβ4 has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic potential during alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Shah
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Karina Reyes-Gordillo
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ying Cheng
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ravi Varatharajalu
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joseph Ibrahim
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M. Raj Lakshman
- Lipid Research Laboratory, VA Medical Center, 50 Irving Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, 2300 I Street NW, Washington, DC, USA
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Neurobiological Effects of Binge Drinking Help in Its Detection and Differential Diagnosis from Alcohol Dependence. DISEASE MARKERS 2018; 2018:5623683. [PMID: 30069273 PMCID: PMC6057287 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5623683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of binge drinking in the general population is 3-4 times higher than that of alcohol dependence. Neuroimaging studies show that binge drinking in adolescence impairs brain development and white matter integrity. Regions with reduced functional activity include the limbic system, ventral diencephalon, frontal lobe, and middle and inferior temporal lobes, whereas the right superior frontal and parietal lobes are typically hyperactivated. The observed activation of the frontoparietal areas might reflect the alternative memory system operating, whereas the reduced occipito-hippocampal response is associated with impaired visual and linguistic processing/learning. Some other findings from literature research include a decrease of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in the frontal lobe and its increase in the parietal lobes, as well as the reduced components of event-related potentials, reflecting deficit in attention, working memory, inhibition, and executive functioning. Animal studies show that even a single day of binge drinking results in a neurodegeneration and reactive gliosis in the limbic cortex as well as in gene expression dysregulation and histone acetylation. Another biological evidence on binge drinking effect include inflammatory response, oxidative stress, formation of toxic ceramides, activation of caspase 3, and secretion of corticoliberin. Some of the binge drinking-induced cognitive abnormalities can be reversible after three weeks of abstinence. Although binge drinkers have a similar pattern of neuropsychological deficits with chronic alcohol consumers (mainly memory deficits), binge drinkers have prominent impairment of inhibitory control, which may be a marker of binge pattern of alcohol drinking. The optimal therapeutic strategies should target the inhibitory control processes to facilitate discontinuation of alcohol consumption and to block its possible progression to the alcohol dependence syndrome.
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Cieślińska A, Kostyra E, Fiedorowicz E, Snarska J, Kordulewska N, Kiper K, Savelkoul HFJ. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Vitamin D Receptor Gene ( VDR) May Have an Impact on Acute Pancreatitis (AP) Development: A Prospective Study in Populations of AP Patients and Alcohol-Abuse Controls. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1919. [PMID: 29966312 PMCID: PMC6073954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D imbalance is suggested to be associated with the development of pancreatitis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Apa-1, Bsm-1, Fok-1, and Taq-1, in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) are known in various diseases, but not yet in pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to explore possible associations of the four SNPs in the VDR receptor gene in a population of acute pancreatitis patients and alcohol-abuse controls, and to investigate the association with acute pancreatitis (AP) susceptibility. The study population (n = 239) included acute pancreatitis patients (n = 129) and an alcohol-abuse control group (n = 110). All patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) criteria for alcohol dependence. DNA was extracted from peripheral leukocytes and analyzed for VDR polymorphisms using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. To date, we have found allele T in Taq-1 (OR = 2.61; 95% CI: 1.68⁻4.03; p < 0.0001) to be almost three times more frequent in the AP group compared to the alcohol-abuse control patients. Polymorphism Taq-1 occurring in the vitamin D receptor may have an impact on the development of acute pancreatitis due to the lack of the protective role of vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cieślińska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jadwiga Snarska
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Natalia Kordulewska
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Kiper
- Faculty of Medicine, Rzeszów University, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, 6700 AG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Yu JY, Nguyen HT, Yong CS, Park HG, Jun JH, Kim JO. Effects of DA-5513 on alcohol metabolism and alcoholic fatty liver in rats. Lab Anim Res 2018; 34:49-57. [PMID: 29937911 PMCID: PMC6010400 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2018.34.2.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hangover is characterized by a number of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur after heavy alcohol drinking. In addition, consistently excessive alcohol intake is considered as a major reason causes liver disease. The present study investigated the in vivo effects of DA-5513 (Morning care® Kang Hwang) on biological parameters relevant to hangover relief and alcoholic fatty liver. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were determined in rats administered a single dose of alcohol and treated with DA-5513 or commercially available hangover relief beverages (Yeomyung® and Ukon®). The effects of DA-5513 on alcoholic fatty liver were also determined in rats fed alcohol-containing Lieber-DeCarli diets for 4 weeks. Serum liver function markers (aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities) and serum/liver lipid levels were assessed. Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations were lower in the groups treated with DA-5513 or Yeomyung®, as compared with control rats. However, Ukon® did not produce any significant effects on these parameters. Treatment with DA-5513 significantly reduced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activities and markedly reduced serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, as compared with control rats. Histological observations using Oil Red O staining found that DA-5513 delayed the development of alcoholic fatty liver by reversing hepatic fat accumulation. These findings suggest that DA-5513 could have a beneficial effect on alcohol-induced hangovers and has the potential to ameliorate alcoholic fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Yu
- Department of Formulation Development, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Hyoung Geun Park
- Department of Formulation Development, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Joon Ho Jun
- Department of Formulation Development, Dong-A Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Korea
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Kloss O, Eskin NM, Suh M. Thiamin deficiency on fetal brain development with and without prenatal alcohol exposure. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:169-177. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2017-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate thiamin levels are crucial for optimal health through maintenance of homeostasis and viability of metabolic enzymes, which require thiamine as a co-factor. Thiamin deficiency occurs during pregnancy when the dietary intake is inadequate or excessive alcohol is consumed. Thiamin deficiency leads to brain dysfunction because thiamin is involved in the synthesis of myelin and neurotransmitters (e.g., acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate), and its deficiency increases oxidative stress by decreasing the production of reducing agents. Thiamin deficiency also leads to neural membrane dysfunction, because thiamin is a structural component of mitochondrial and synaptosomal membranes. Similarly, in-utero exposure to alcohol leads to fetal brain dysfunction, resulting in negative effects such as fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Thiamin deficiency and prenatal exposure to alcohol could act synergistically to produce negative effects on fetal development; however, this area of research is currently under-studied. This minireview summarizes the evidence for the potential role of thiamin deficiency in fetal brain development, with or without prenatal exposure to alcohol. Such evidence may influence the development of new nutritional strategies for preventing or mitigating the symptoms of FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kloss
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - N.A. Michael Eskin
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Miyoung Suh
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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Won SB, Kwon YH. Maternal Consumption of Low-Isoflavone Soy Protein Isolate Confers the Increased Predisposition to Alcoholic Liver Injury in Adult Rat Offspring. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29534433 PMCID: PMC5872750 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of female rats fed either a casein (CAS) diet or a low-isoflavone soy protein isolate (SPI) diet were compared in an animal model of chronic ethanol consumption to investigate whether maternal diet regulates the adaptive responses of offspring to postnatal ethanol exposure and potentially affects the development of liver disease in later life. Female rats were fed either a CAS or an SPI diet before mating, and during pregnancy and lactation. Male offspring from the same litter were pair-fed either a control or ethanol diet for six weeks (CAS/CON, CAS/EtOH, SPI/CON, and SPI/EtOH groups). Serum aminotransferase activities and hepatic inflammatory indicators were higher in the SPI/EtOH group than in the CAS/EtOH group. Ethanol consumption increased serum homocysteine levels, hepatic S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio, and hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress only in offspring of SPI-fed female rats. Total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and mRNA levels of hepatic genes involved in HDL cholesterol assembly were reduced in the SPI group in response to ethanol consumption. In conclusion, offspring of SPI-fed female rats were more susceptible to the later development of alcoholic liver disease than offspring of CAS-fed female rats. Furthermore, maternal SPI consumption altered one-carbon metabolism and cholesterol metabolism of offspring fed an ethanol diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Bom Won
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Young Hye Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Hasanein P, Seifi R. Beneficial effects of rosmarinic acid against alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:32-37. [PMID: 28675794 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a severe hepatotoxicant that causes a variety of liver disorders. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural phenol, shows some biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the effects of RA (10 mg/kg) against ethanol-induced oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals received ethanol (4 g/kg, i.g.) and (or) RA (10 mg/kg, i.g.) daily for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment period, rats were weighed and use for biochemical, molecular, and histopathological examinations. Ethanol increased hepatic lipid peroxidation (P < 0.001) and decreased hepatic levels of reduced glutathione (P < 0.01), catalase (P < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase (P < 0.001) compared with control group. RA prevented the prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance induced by ethanol in liver. Furthermore, RA ameliorated the increased liver mass, serum levels of ALT, AST, LDH, TNF-α, and IL-6 in ethanol group. Necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in liver parenchyma were attenuated by RA treatment. Our findings showed that RA prevents ethanol-induced oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and liver injury in an experimental model of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. Therefore, RA may be a good candidate to protect against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity; this deserves consideration and further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Hasanein
- a Department of Biology, School of Basic Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Rosa Seifi
- b Department of Biology, School of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Zinc deficiency as a mediator of toxic effects of alcohol abuse. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2313-2322. [PMID: 29177978 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review data on the role of ethanol-induced alteration of Zn homeostasis in mediation of adverse effects of alcohol abuse. METHODS The scholarly published articles on the association between Zn metabolism and alcohol-associated disorders (liver, brain, lung, gut dysfunction, and fetal alcohol syndrome) have been reviewed. RESULTS It is demonstrated that alcohol-induced modulation of zinc transporters results in decreased Zn levels in lungs, liver, gut, and brain. Zn deficiency in the gut results in increased gut permeability, ultimately leading to endotoxemia and systemic inflammation. Similarly, Zn deficiency in lung epithelia and alveolar macrophages decreases lung barrier function resulting in respiratory distress syndrome. In turn, increased endotoxemia significantly contributes to proinflammatory state in alcoholic liver disease. Finally, impaired gut and liver functions may play a significant role in alcoholic brain damage, being associated with both increased proinflammatory signaling and accumulation of neurotoxic metabolites. It is also hypothesized that ethanol-induced Zn deficiency may interfere with neurotransmission. Similar changes may take place in the fetus as a result of impaired placental zinc transfer, maternal zinc deficiency, or maternal Zn sequestration, resulting in fetal alcoholic syndrome. Therefore, alcoholic Zn deficiency not only mediates the adverse effects of ethanol exposure, but also provides an additional link between different alcohol-induced disorders. CONCLUSIONS Generally, current findings suggest that assessment of Zn status could be used as a diagnostic marker of metabolic disturbances in alcohol abuse, whereas modulation of Zn metabolism may be a potential tool in the treatment of alcohol-associated disorders.
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Yu Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Lin D, Liu J. Hepatoprotective Effect of Albumin Peptides from Corn Germ Meal on Chronic Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. J Food Sci 2017; 82:2997-3004. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Yu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
| | - Dingbo Lin
- Dept. Nutritional Sciences; Oklahoma State Univ.; Stillwater 74078 Okla. U.S.A
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food; Jilin Univ.; Changchun 130062 P.R. China
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Alcohol, smoking and the liver disease patient. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31:537-543. [PMID: 29195673 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol is an established risk factor for cirrhosis. Current recommendations for a "safe" limit for alcohol consumption are usually set to around 30 g of alcohol per day for men and 20 g per day for women, but evidence is mounting that these cut-offs might be set too high. Also, inter-individual differences in the hepatic sensitivity for alcohol likely play into the risk of development of cirrhosis. In patients with concomitant liver diseases, a synergistic effect on fibrosis progression and high consumption of alcohol is evident. The role of low to moderate consumption is less clear. Alcohol can also lead to a specific inflammatory state in the liver, alcoholic hepatitis (AH). Treatment of severe AH consists of corticosteroids, which are at best moderately effective, and new treatments are needed. Liver transplantation is an option in severe alcoholic liver disease, although selection of patients that are at a very low risk of post-transplantation alcohol consumption is paramount. There is some evidence to suggest an increased risk for fibrosis progression and development of hepatocellular carcinoma specifically for smoking.
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