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Roger I, Montero P, Milara J, Cortijo J. Pirfenidone and nintedanib attenuates pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells transformations induced by IL-11. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 972:176547. [PMID: 38561103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) associated to pulmonary hypertension (PH) portends a poor prognosis, characterized by lung parenchyma fibrosis and pulmonary artery remodeling. Serum and parenchyma levels of Interleukin 11 (IL-11) are elevated in IPF-PH patients and contributes to pulmonary artery remodeling and PH. However, the effect of current approved therapies against IPF in pulmonary artery remodeling induced by IL-11 is unknown. The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of nintedanib and pirfenidone on pulmonary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cell remodeling induced by IL-11 in vitro. Our results show that nintedanib (NTD) and pirfenidone (PFD) ameliorates endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EnMT), pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell to myofibroblast-like transformation and pulmonary remodeling in precision lung cut slices. This study provided also evidence of the inhibitory effect of PFD and NTD on IL-11-induced endothelial and muscle cells proliferation and senescence. The inhibitory effect of these drugs on monocyte arrest and angiogenesis was also studied. Finally, we observed that IL-11 induced canonical signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and non-canonical mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, but, PFD and NTD only inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Therefore, this study provided evidence of the inhibitory effect of NTD and PFD on markers of pulmonary artery remodeling induced by IL-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Roger
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paula Montero
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Milara
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Pharmacy Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, 46014, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julio Cortijo
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Health Institute Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain; Research and Teaching Unit, University General Hospital Consortium, 46014, Valencia, Spain
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Hurley K, Ozaki M, Philippot Q, Galvin L, Crosby D, Kirwan M, Gill DR, Alysandratos KD, Jenkins G, Griese M, Nathan N, Borie R. A roadmap to precision treatments for familial pulmonary fibrosis. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105135. [PMID: 38718684 PMCID: PMC11096859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) in adults and children (chILD) are a heterogeneous group of lung disorders leading to inflammation, abnormal tissue repair and scarring of the lung parenchyma often resulting in respiratory failure and death. Inherited factors directly cause, or contribute significantly to the risk of developing ILD, so called familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF), and monogenic forms may have a poor prognosis and respond poorly to current treatments. Specific, variant-targeted or precision treatments are lacking. Clinical trials of repurposed drugs, anti-fibrotic medications and specific treatments are emerging but for many patients no interventions exist. We convened an expert working group to develop an overarching framework to address the existing research gaps in basic, translational, and clinical research and identified areas for future development of preclinical models, candidate medications and innovative clinical trials. In this Position Paper, we summarise working group discussions, recommendations, and unresolved questions concerning precision treatments for FPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Killian Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Mari Ozaki
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Quentin Philippot
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PHERE, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre Constitutif du Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Paris, France; Physiopathology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, Inserm U1152, UFR de Médecine, Université Paris Cité, 75018, Paris, France
| | - Liam Galvin
- European Pulmonary Fibrosis Federation, Overijse, Belgium
| | | | - Mary Kirwan
- Department of General Practice, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah R Gill
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom; Gene Medicine Research Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Gisli Jenkins
- Imperial College London, 4615, National Heart & Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Matthias Griese
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Nathan
- Sorbonne Université, Pediatric Pulmonology and Reference Center for Rare Lung Diseases RespiRare, Inserm U933 Laboratory of Childhood Genetic Diseases, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PHERE, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Service de Pneumologie A, Centre Constitutif du Centre de Référence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, FHU APOLLO, Paris, France
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Takahashi Y, Ito S, Wang J, Kim J, Matsumoto T, Maeda E. Novel air-liquid interface culture model to investigate stiffness-dependent behaviors of alveolar epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 708:149791. [PMID: 38518719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary alveoli are functional units in gas exchange in the lung, and their dysfunctions in lung diseases such as interstitial pneumonia are accompanied by fibrotic changes in structure, elevating the stiffness of extracellular matrix components. The present study aimed to test the hypothesis that such changes in alveoli stiffness induce functional alteration of epithelial cell functions, exacerbating lung diseases. For this, we have developed a novel method of culturing alveolar epithelial cells on polyacrylamide gel with different elastic modulus at an air-liquid interface. It was demonstrated that A549 cells on soft gels, mimicking the modulus of a healthy lung, upregulated mRNA expression and protein synthesis of surfactant protein C (SFTPC). By contrast, the cells on stiff gels, mimicking the modulus of the fibrotic lung, exhibited upregulation of SFTPC gene expression but not at the protein level. Cell morphology, as well as cell nucleus volume, were also different between the two types of gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Takahashi
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoru Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jungfeng Wang
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jeonghyun Kim
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takeo Matsumoto
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eijiro Maeda
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
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Warren R, Klinkhammer K, Lyu H, Yao C, Stripp B, De Langhe SP. Cell competition drives bronchiolization and pulmonary fibrosis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4177351. [PMID: 38746309 PMCID: PMC11092845 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4177351/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive scarring disease arising from the maladaptive differentiation of lung stem cells into bronchial epithelial cells rather than into alveolar type 1 (AT1) cells, which are responsible for gas exchange. Here, we report that healthy lungs maintain their stem cells through tonic Hippo and β-catenin signaling, which promote Yap/Taz degradation and allow for low level expression of the Wnt target gene Myc. Inactivation of upstream activators of the Hippo pathway in lung stem cells inhibits this tonic β-catenin signaling and Myc expression and promotes their Taz mediated differentiation into AT1 cells. Vice versa, increased Myc in collaboration with Yap promotes the differentiation of lung stem cells along the basal and myoepithelial like lineages allowing them to invade and bronchiolize the lung parenchyma in a process reminiscent of submucosal gland development. Our findings indicate that stem cells exhibiting the highest Myc levels become supercompetitors that drive remodeling, whereas loser cells with lower Myc levels terminally differentiate into AT1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Warren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kylie Klinkhammer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Handeng Lyu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stijn P. De Langhe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Peng H, Zhang Y, Min J, Tan Y, Liu S. Loss of ZNF451 mediates fibroblast activation and promotes lung fibrosis. Respir Res 2024; 25:160. [PMID: 38600524 PMCID: PMC11008011 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No effective therapies for pulmonary fibrosis (PF) exist because of the unclear molecular pathogenesis and the lack of effective therapeutic targets. Zinc finger protein 451 (ZNF451), a transcriptional regulator, plays crucial roles in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, its expression pattern and function in PF remain unknown. This study was designed to investigate the role of ZNF451 in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. METHODS GEO dataset analysis, RT‒PCR, and immunoblot assays were used to examine the expression of ZNF451 in PF; ZNF451 knockout mice and ZNF451-overexpressing lentivirus were used to determine the importance of ZNF451 in PF progression; and migration assays, immunofluorescence staining, and RNA-seq analysis were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS ZNF451 is downregulated and negatively associated with disease severity in PF. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, ZNF451 knockout mice exhibited much more serious PF changes. However, ZNF451 overexpression protects mice from BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Mechanistically, ZNF451 downregulation triggers fibroblast activation by increasing the expression of PDGFB and subsequently activating PI3K/Akt signaling. CONCLUSION These findings uncover a critical role of ZNF451 in PF progression and introduce a novel regulatory mechanism of ZNF451 in fibroblast activation. Our study suggests that ZNF451 serves as a potential therapeutic target for PF and that strategies aimed at increasing ZNF451 expression may be promising therapeutic approaches for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jiali Min
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuexin Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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6
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Zhang M, Xue X, Lou Z, Lin Y, Li Q, Huang C. Exosomes from senescent epithelial cells activate pulmonary fibroblasts via the miR-217-5p/Sirt1 axis in paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:310. [PMID: 38532482 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) is a widely used and highly toxic herbicide that poses a significant risk to human health. The main consequence of PQ poisoning is pulmonary fibrosis, which can result in respiratory failure and potentially death. Our research aims to uncover a crucial mechanism in which PQ poisoning induces senescence in epithelial cells, ultimately regulating the activation of pulmonary fibroblasts through the exosomal pathway. METHODS Cellular senescence was determined by immunohistochemistry and SA-β-Gal staining. The expression of miRNAs was measured by qPCR. Pulmonary fibroblasts treated with specific siRNA of SIRT1 or LV-SIRT1 were used to analysis senescent exosomes-mediated fibroblasts activation. Luciferase reporter assay and western blot were performed to elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. The effects of miR-217-5p antagomir on pulmonary fibrosis were assessed in PQ-poisoned mice models. RESULTS Impairing the secretion of exosomes effectively mitigates the harmful effects of senescent epithelial cells on pulmonary fibroblasts, offering protection against PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Additionally, we have identified a remarkable elevation of miR-217-5p expression in the exosomes of PQ-treated epithelial cells, which specifically contributes to fibroblasts activation via targeted inhibition of SIRT1, a protein involved in cellular stress response. Remarkably, suppression of miR-217-5p effectively impaired senescent epithelial cells-induced fibroblasts activation. Further investigation has revealed that miR-217-5p attenuated SIRT1 expression and subsequently resulted in enhanced acetylation of β-catenin and Wnt signaling activation. CONCLUSION These findings highlight a potential strategy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis induced by PQ poisoning. Disrupting the communication between senescent epithelial cells and pulmonary fibroblasts, particularly by targeting the miR-217-5p/SIRT1/β-catenin axis, may be able to alleviate the effects of PQ poisoning on the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xue
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenshuai Lou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Changbao Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang K, Yao E, Aung T, Chuang PT. The alveolus: Our current knowledge of how the gas exchange unit of the lung is constructed and repaired. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:59-129. [PMID: 38729684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian lung completes its last step of development, alveologenesis, to generate sufficient surface area for gas exchange. In this process, multiple cell types that include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts undergo coordinated cell proliferation, cell migration and/or contraction, cell shape changes, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to produce the gas exchange unit: the alveolus. Full functioning of alveoli also involves immune cells and the lymphatic and autonomic nervous system. With the advent of lineage tracing, conditional gene inactivation, transcriptome analysis, live imaging, and lung organoids, our molecular understanding of alveologenesis has advanced significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the constituents of the alveolus and the molecular pathways that control alveolar formation. We also discuss how insight into alveolar formation may inform us of alveolar repair/regeneration mechanisms following lung injury and the pathogenic processes that lead to loss of alveoli or tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thin Aung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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8
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Summer R, Todd JL, Neely ML, Lobo LJ, Namen A, Newby LK, Shafazand S, Suliman S, Hesslinger C, Keller S, Leonard TB, Palmer SM, Ilkayeva O, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Roman J. Circulating metabolic profile in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the IPF-PRO Registry. Respir Res 2024; 25:58. [PMID: 38273290 PMCID: PMC10809477 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating metabolome, reflecting underlying cellular processes and disease biology, has not been fully characterized in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We evaluated whether circulating levels of metabolites correlate with the presence of IPF, with the severity of IPF, or with the risk of clinically relevant outcomes among patients with IPF. METHODS We analyzed enrollment plasma samples from 300 patients with IPF in the IPF-PRO Registry and 100 individuals without known lung disease using a set of targeted metabolomics and clinical analyte modules. Linear regression was used to compare metabolite and clinical analyte levels between patients with IPF and controls and to determine associations between metabolite levels and measures of disease severity in patients with IPF. Unadjusted and adjusted univariable Cox regression models were used to evaluate associations between circulating metabolites and the risk of mortality or disease progression among patients with IPF. RESULTS Levels of 64 metabolites and 5 clinical analytes were significantly different between patients with IPF and controls. Among analytes with greatest differences were non-esterified fatty acids, multiple long-chain acylcarnitines, and select ceramides, levels of which were higher among patients with IPF versus controls. Levels of the branched-chain amino acids valine and leucine/isoleucine were inversely correlated with measures of disease severity. After adjusting for clinical factors known to influence outcomes, higher levels of the acylcarnitine C:16-OH/C:14-DC were associated with all-cause mortality, lower levels of the acylcarnitine C16:1-OH/C14:1DC were associated with all-cause mortality, respiratory death, and respiratory death or lung transplant, and higher levels of the sphingomyelin d43:2 were associated with the risk of respiratory death or lung transplantation. CONCLUSIONS IPF has a distinct circulating metabolic profile characterized by increased levels of non-esterified fatty acids, long-chain acylcarnitines, and ceramides, which may suggest a more catabolic environment that enhances lipid mobilization and metabolism. We identified select metabolites that were highly correlated with measures of disease severity or the risk of disease progression and that may be developed further as biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; No: NCT01915511; URL: www. CLINICALTRIALS gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Summer
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jamie L Todd
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Megan L Neely
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L Jason Lobo
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew Namen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - L Kristin Newby
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sascha Keller
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Scott M Palmer
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Olga Ilkayeva
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Roman
- Jane and Leonard Korman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Trempus CS, Papas BN, Sifre MI, Bortner CD, Scappini E, Tucker CJ, Xu X, Johnson KL, Deterding LJ, Williams JG, Johnson DJ, Li JL, Sutton D, Ganta C, Mahapatra D, Arif M, Basu A, Pommerolle L, Cinar R, Perl AK, Garantziotis S. Functional Pdgfra fibroblast heterogeneity in normal and fibrotic mouse lung. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e164380. [PMID: 37824216 PMCID: PMC10721331 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease of unrelenting extracellular matrix deposition in response to lung injury. Platelet-derived growth factor α-positive (Pdgfra+) lipofibroblasts (LipoFBs) are essential for lung injury response and maintenance of a functional alveolar stem cell niche. Little is known about the effects of lung injury on LipoFB function. Here, we used single-cell RNA-Seq (scRNA-Seq) technology and PdgfraGFP lineage tracing to generate a transcriptomic profile of Pdgfra+ fibroblasts in normal and injured mouse lungs 14 days after bleomycin exposure, generating 11 unique transcriptomic clusters that segregated according to treatment. While normal and injured LipoFBs shared a common gene signature, injured LipoFBs acquired fibrogenic pathway activity with an attenuation of lipogenic pathways. In a 3D organoid model, injured Pdgfra+ fibroblast-supported organoids were morphologically distinct from those cultured with normal fibroblasts, and scRNA-Seq analysis suggested distinct transcriptomic changes in alveolar epithelia supported by injured Pdgfra+ fibroblasts. In summary, while LipoFBs in injured lung have not migrated from their niche and retain their lipogenic identity, they acquire a potentially reversible fibrogenic profile, which may alter the kinetics of epithelial regeneration and potentially contribute to dysregulated repair, leading to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xin Xu
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katina L. Johnson
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leesa J. Deterding
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason G. Williams
- Epigenetics & Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Deloris Sutton
- Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Translational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charan Ganta
- Comparative & Molecular Pathogenesis Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Division of Translational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Inotiv, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Arif
- Section on Fibrotic Disorders, and
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology and Tissue Injury, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne K. Perl
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Chen Y, Song W, Zhang H, Ji X. MICALL2 participates in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in alveolar epithelial cells - Potential roles in pulmonary fibrosis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 747:109730. [PMID: 37690696 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells is a vital process in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), which results in the accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Based on RNA sequencing analysis and GEO dataset reanalysis, we screened out MICALL2, a gene upregulated in the lungs of IPF mice and alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells from IPF patients, and aimed to explore its role in IPF. We validated the expression of MICALL2 in bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF mice and TGF-β1-stimulated ATII cells (primary murine ATII cells and A549 cells), and explored the role of MICALL2 in IPF by knockdown of MICALL2 in BLM-induced mice and TGF-β1-stimulated ATII cells. We found that MICALL2 was upregulated in the lungs of BLM-induced mice and TGF-β1-stimulated ATII cells. MICALL2-deficient mice had reduced fibrogenesis and restrained EMT upon BLM challenge. Knockdown of MICALL2 restrained the EMT process, in vitro, through impeding β-catenin nuclear translocation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that NPAS2 is directly bound to the promoter of MICALL2. Altogether, our data revealed transactivation of MICALL2 induced by NPAS2, contributing to activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in ATII cells, thus leading to the EMT process and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis. Interfering with MICALL2 may represent an innovative therapeutic target to mitigate the extent of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China
| | - Xinping Ji
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110022, China.
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Yu D, Xiang Y, Gou T, Tong R, Xu C, Chen L, Zhong L, Shi J. New therapeutic approaches against pulmonary fibrosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 138:106592. [PMID: 37178650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is the end-stage change of a large class of lung diseases characterized by the proliferation of fibroblasts and the accumulation of a large amount of extracellular matrix, accompanied by inflammatory damage and tissue structure destruction, which also shows the normal alveolar tissue is damaged and then abnormally repaired resulting in structural abnormalities (scarring). Pulmonary fibrosis has a serious impact on the respiratory function of the human body, and the clinical manifestation is progressive dyspnea. The incidence of pulmonary fibrosis-related diseases is increasing year by year, and no curative drugs have appeared so far. Nevertheless, research on pulmonary fibrosis have also increased in recent years, but there are no breakthrough results. Pathological changes of pulmonary fibrosis appear in the lungs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that have not yet ended, and whether to improve the condition of patients with COVID-19 by means of the anti-fibrosis therapy, which are the questions we need to address now. This review systematically sheds light on the current state of research on fibrosis from multiple perspectives, hoping to provide some references for design and optimization of subsequent drugs and the selection of anti-fibrosis treatment plans and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yu Xiang
- College of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Tingting Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Ling Zhong
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Center for Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China; Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China.
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12
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Gao AY, Diaz Espinosa AM, Nguyen BBN, Link PA, Meridew J, Jones DL, Gibbard DF, Tschumperlin DJ, Haak AJ. Dopamine Receptor D1 Is Exempt from Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Antifibrotic G Protein-Coupled Receptor Landscape Tampering in Lung Fibroblasts. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 386:277-287. [PMID: 37024146 PMCID: PMC10449101 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibroblasts are the primary producers of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the lungs, and their pathogenic activation drives scarring and loss of lung function in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This uncontrolled production of ECM is stimulated by mechanosignaling and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling that together promote transcriptional programs including Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that couple to G α s have emerged as pharmacological targets to inactivate YAP/TAZ signaling and promote lung fibrosis resolution. Previous studies have shown a loss of expression of "antifibrotic GPCRs"-receptors that couple to G α s, in IPF patient-derived fibroblasts compared with non-IPF samples. Of the 14 G α s GPCRs we found to be expressed in lung fibroblasts, the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) was one of only two not repressed by TGF-β1 signaling, with the β2-adrenergic receptor being the most repressed. We compared the potency and efficacy of multiple D1 and β2 receptor agonists +/- TGF-β1 treatment in vitro for their ability to elevate cAMP, inhibit nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ, regulate expression of profibrotic and antifibrotic genes, and inhibit cellular proliferation and collagen deposition. Consistently, the activity of β2 receptor agonists was lost, whereas D1 receptor agonists was maintained, after stimulating cultured lung fibroblasts with TGF-β1. These data further support the therapeutic potential of the dopamine receptor D1 and highlight an orchestrated and pervasive loss of antifibrotic GPCRs mediated by TGF-β1 signaling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a deadly lung disease with limited therapies. GPCRs have emerged as a primary target for the development of novel antifibrotic drugs; however, a challenge to this approach is the dramatic changes in GPCR expression in response to profibrotic stimuli. Here, we investigate the impact of TGF-β1 on the expression of antifibrotic GPCRs and show the D1 dopamine receptor expression is uniquely maintained in response to TGF-β1, further implicating it as a compelling target to treat IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Y Gao
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ana M Diaz Espinosa
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ba Bao N Nguyen
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patrick A Link
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jeffrey Meridew
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel F Gibbard
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Andrew J Haak
- Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering (A.M.D.E., P.A.L., J.M., D.L.J., D.J.T., A.J.H.), Ophthalmology (A.Y.G.), and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (B.B.N.N., D.F.G., A.J.H.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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13
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Rana T, Jiang C, Banerjee S, Yi N, Zmijewski JW, Liu G, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of p53 Expression and Senescence in Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 37566086 PMCID: PMC10417428 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence contributes importantly to aging and aging-related diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells are progenitors of alveolar epithelium, and ATII cell senescence is evident in IPF. Previous studies from this lab have shown that increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, promotes ATII cell senescence through inducing p53, a master cell cycle repressor, and activating p53-p21-pRb cell cycle repression pathway. In this study, we further show that PAI-1 binds to proteasome components and inhibits proteasome activity and p53 degradation in human lung epithelial A549 cells and primary mouse ATII cells. This is associated with a senescence phenotype of these cells, manifested as increased p53 and p21 expression, decreased phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and increased senescence-associated beta-galactose (SA-β-gal) activity. Moreover, we find that, although overexpression of wild-type PAI-1 (wtPAI-1) or a secretion-deficient, mature form of PAI-1 (sdPAI-1) alone induces ATII cell senescence (increases SA-β-gal activity), only wtPAI-1 induces p53, suggesting that the premature form of PAI-1 is required for the interaction with the proteasome. In summary, our data indicate that PAI-1 can bind to proteasome components and thus inhibit proteasome activity and p53 degradation in ATII cells. As p53 is a master cell cycle repressor and PAI-1 expression is increased in many senescent cells, the results from this study will have a significant impact not only on ATII cell senescence/lung fibrosis but also on the senescence of other types of cells in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sami Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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14
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Derman ID, Singh YP, Saini S, Nagamine M, Banerjee D, Ozbolat IT. Bioengineering and Clinical Translation of Human Lung and its Components. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200267. [PMID: 36658734 PMCID: PMC10121779 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Clinical lung transplantation has rapidly established itself as the gold standard of treatment for end-stage lung diseases in a restricted group of patients since the first successful lung transplant occurred. Although significant progress has been made in lung transplantation, there are still numerous obstacles on the path to clinical success. The development of bioartificial lung grafts using patient-derived cells may serve as an alternative treatment modality; however, challenges include developing appropriate scaffold materials, advanced culture strategies for lung-specific multiple cell populations, and fully matured constructs to ensure increased transplant lifetime following implantation. This review highlights the development of tissue-engineered tracheal and lung equivalents over the past two decades, key problems in lung transplantation in a clinical environment, the advancements made in scaffolds, bioprinting technologies, bioreactors, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip technologies. The review aims to fill the lacuna in existing literature toward a holistic bioartificial lung tissue, including trachea, capillaries, airways, bifurcating bronchioles, lung disease models, and their clinical translation. Herein, the efforts are on bridging the application of lung tissue engineering methods in a clinical environment as it is thought that tissue engineering holds enormous promise for overcoming the challenges associated with the clinical translation of bioengineered human lung and its components.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Shweta Saini
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, India
| | - Momoka Nagamine
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University; University Park, PA,16802, USA
| | - Dishary Banerjee
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ibrahim T. Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Cancer Institute, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Neurosurgery Department, Penn State University; University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
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15
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Tu M, Wei T, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wu J. Molecular mechanisms of alveolar epithelial cell senescence and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a narrative review. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:186-203. [PMID: 36794134 PMCID: PMC9922607 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive interstitial pneumonia of unknown etiology. An increasing number of studies have reported that the incidence of IPF increases with age. Simultaneously, the number of senescent cells increased in IPF. Epithelial cell senescence, an important component of epithelial cell dysfunction, plays a key role in IPF pathogenesis. This article summarizes the molecular mechanisms associated with alveolar epithelial cell senescence and recent advances in the applications of drugs targeting pulmonary epithelial cell senescence to explore novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Methods All literature published in English on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were electronically searched online using the following keyword combinations: aging, alveolar epithelial cell, cell senescence, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, WNT/β-catenin, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Key Content and Findings We focused on signaling pathways associated with alveolar epithelial cell senescence in IPF, including WNT/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and mTOR signaling pathways. Some of these signaling pathways are involved in alveolar epithelial cell senescence by affecting cell cycle arrest and secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype-associated markers. We also found that changes in lipid metabolism in alveolar epithelial cells can be induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, both of which contribute to cellular senescence and development of IPF. Conclusions Decreasing senescent alveolar epithelial cells may be a promising strategy for the treatment of IPF. Therefore, further investigations into new treatments of IPF by applying inhibitors of relevant signaling pathways, as well as senolytic drugs, are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjin Tu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yufang Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China;,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Zhanjiang, China;,Peptide and Protein Research and Application Key Laboratory of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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16
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Alysandratos KD, Garcia-de-Alba C, Yao C, Pessina P, Huang J, Villacorta-Martin C, Hix OT, Minakin K, Burgess CL, Bawa P, Murthy A, Konda B, Beers MF, Stripp BR, Kim CF, Kotton DN. Culture impact on the transcriptomic programs of primary and iPSC-derived human alveolar type 2 cells. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e158937. [PMID: 36454643 PMCID: PMC9870086 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AEC2s), the facultative progenitors of lung alveoli, is implicated in pulmonary disease pathogenesis, highlighting the importance of human in vitro models. However, AEC2-like cells in culture have yet to be directly compared to their in vivo counterparts at single-cell resolution. Here, we performed head-to-head comparisons among the transcriptomes of primary (1°) adult human AEC2s, their cultured progeny, and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AEC2s (iAEC2s). We found each population occupied a distinct transcriptomic space with cultured AEC2s (1° and iAEC2s) exhibiting similarities to and differences from freshly purified 1° cells. Across each cell type, we found an inverse relationship between proliferative and maturation states, with preculture 1° AEC2s being most quiescent/mature and iAEC2s being most proliferative/least mature. Cultures of either type of human AEC2s did not generate detectable alveolar type 1 cells in these defined conditions; however, a subset of iAEC2s cocultured with fibroblasts acquired a transitional cell state described in mice and humans to arise during fibrosis or following injury. Hence, we provide direct comparisons of the transcriptomic programs of 1° and engineered AEC2s, 2 in vitro models that can be harnessed to study human lung health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carolina Garcia-de-Alba
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Patrizia Pessina
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia T. Hix
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kasey Minakin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Claire L. Burgess
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pushpinder Bawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Aditi Murthy
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, and
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bindu Konda
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael F. Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, and
- PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Barry R. Stripp
- Women’s Guild Lung Institute
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carla F. Kim
- Stem Cell Program and Divisions of Hematology/Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Pei Z, Qin Y, Fu X, Yang F, Huo F, Liang X, Wang S, Cui H, Lin P, Zhou G, Yan J, Wu J, Chen ZN, Zhu P. Inhibition of ferroptosis and iron accumulation alleviates pulmonary fibrosis in a bleomycin model. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102509. [PMID: 36302319 PMCID: PMC9614651 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease characterized by excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by the lethal accumulation of iron and lipid peroxidation, which is associated with many diseases. Our study addressed the potential role played by ferroptosis and iron accumulation in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. We found that the inducers of pulmonary fibrosis and injury, namely, bleomycin (BLM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced ferroptosis of lung epithelial cells. Both the ferroptosis inhibitor liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1) and the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) alleviated the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin or LPS. TGF-β stimulation upregulated the expression of transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC) in the human lung fibroblast cell line (MRC-5) and mouse primary lung fibroblasts, resulting in increased intracellular Fe2+, which promoted the transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, TGF-β enhanced the expression and nuclear localization of the transcriptional coactivator tafazzin (TAZ), which combined with the transcription factor TEA domain protein (TEAD)-4 to promote the transcription of TFRC. In addition, elevated Fe2+ failed to induce the ferroptosis of fibroblasts, which might be related to the regulation of iron export and lipid metabolism. Finally, we specifically knocked out TFRC expression in fibroblasts in mice, and compared with those in the control mice, the symptoms of pulmonary fibrosis were reduced in the knockout mice after bleomycin induction. Collectively, these findings suggest the therapeutic potential of ferroptosis inhibitors and iron chelators in treating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Pei
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yifei Qin
- Guangzhou (Jinan) Biomedical Research and Development Center, Institute of Biomedicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fengfan Yang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Fei Huo
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xue Liang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hongyong Cui
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Peng Lin
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiangna Yan
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine and Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Gao S, Li X, Jiang Q, Liang Q, Zhang F, Li S, Zhang R, Luan J, Zhu J, Gu X, Xiao T, Huang H, Chen S, Ning W, Yang G, Yang C, Zhou H. PKM2 promotes pulmonary fibrosis by stabilizing TGF-β1 receptor I and enhancing TGF-β1 signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0987. [PMID: 36129984 PMCID: PMC9491720 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial lung disease, and the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our findings demonstrated that pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) promoted fibrosis progression by directly interacting with Smad7 and reinforcing transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling. Total PKM2 expression and the portion of the tetrameric form elevated in lungs and fibroblasts were derived from mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Pkm2 deletion markedly alleviated BLM-induced fibrosis progression, myofibroblast differentiation, and TGF-β1 signaling activation. Further study showed that PKM2 tetramer enhanced TGF-β1 signaling by directly binding with Smad7 on its MH2 domain, and thus interfered with the interaction between Smad7 and TGF-β type I receptor (TβR1), decreased TβR1 ubiquitination, and stabilized TβR1. Pharmacologically enhanced PKM2 tetramer by TEPP-46 promoted BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis, while tetramer disruption by compound 3k alleviated fibrosis progression. Our results demonstrate how PKM2 regulates TGF-β1 signaling and is a key factor in fibrosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
| | - Fangxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaoyan Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoting Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100730 Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Respiratory department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450003 Zhangzhou, China
| | - Wen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, 300000 Tianjin, China
- High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, 300070 Tianjin, China
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Zhang L, Luo W, Liu J, Xu M, Peng Q, Zou W, You J, Shu Y, Zhao P, Wagstaff W, Zhao G, Qin K, Haydon RC, Luu HH, Reid RR, Bi Y, Zhao T, He TC, Fu Z. Modeling lung diseases using reversibly immortalized mouse pulmonary alveolar type 2 cells (imPAC2). Cell Biosci 2022; 12:159. [PMID: 36138472 PMCID: PMC9502644 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy alveolar epithelium is critical to the gas exchange function of the lungs. As the major cell type of alveolar epithelium, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells play a critical role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis by serving as alveolar progenitors during lung injury, inflammation, and repair. Dysregulation of AT2 cells may lead to the development of acute and chronic lung diseases and cancer. The lack of clinically relevant AT2 cell models hampers our ability to understand pulmonary diseases. Here, we sought to establish reversibly immortalized mouse pulmonary alveolar type 2 cells (imPAC2) and investigate their potential in forming alveolar organoids to model pulmonary diseases. METHODS Primary mouse pulmonary alveolar cells (mPACs) were isolated and immortalized with a retroviral expression of SV40 Large T antigen (LTA). Cell proliferation and survival was assessed by crystal violet staining and WST-1 assays. Marker gene expression was assessed by qPCR, Western blotting, and/or immunostaining. Alveolar organoids were generated by using matrigel. Ad-TGF-β1 was used to transiently express TGF-β1. Stable silencing β-catenin or overexpression of mutant KRAS and TP53 was accomplished by using retroviral vectors. Subcutaneous cell implantations were carried out in athymic nude mice. The retrieved tissue masses were subjected to H & E histologic evaluation. RESULTS We immortalized primary mPACs with SV40 LTA to yield the imPACs that were non-tumorigenic and maintained long-term proliferative activity that was reversible by FLP-mediated removal of SV40 LTA. The EpCAM+ AT2-enriched subpopulation (i.e., imPAC2) was sorted out from the imPACs, and was shown to express AT2 markers and form alveolar organoids. Functionally, silencing β-catenin decreased the expression of AT2 markers in imPAC2 cells, while TGF-β1 induced fibrosis-like response by regulating the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in the imPAC2 cells. Lastly, concurrent expression of oncogenic KRAS and mutant TP53 rendered the imPAC2 cells a tumor-like phenotype and activated lung cancer-associated pathways. Collectively, our results suggest that the imPAC2 cells may faithfully represent AT2 populations that can be further explored to model pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghuan Zhang
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wenping Luo
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Laboratory Animal Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Maozhu Xu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Qi Peng
- University-Town Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jingyi You
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400046, China
| | - William Wagstaff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Guozhi Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400046, China
| | - Kevin Qin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Suture Biology and Development, Department of Surgery Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, the Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3079, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Zhou Fu
- Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, and the Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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The Role of Nrf2 in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091685. [PMID: 36139759 PMCID: PMC9495339 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, incurable interstitial lung disease with high mortality after diagnosis and remains a global public health problem. Despite advances and breakthroughs in understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, there are still no effective methods for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. The existing treatment options are imperfect, expensive, and have considerable limitations in effectiveness and safety. Hence, there is an urgent need to find novel therapeutic targets. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of cellular antioxidative responses, inflammation, and restoration of redox balance. Accumulating reports reveal that Nrf2 activators exhibit potent antifibrosis effects and significantly attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. This review summarizes the current Nrf2-related knowledge about the regulatory mechanism and potential therapies in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Nrf2 orchestrates the activation of multiple protective genes that target inflammation, oxidative stress, fibroblast–myofibroblast differentiation (FMD), and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the mechanisms involve Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant, Nrf2/HO−1/NQO1, Nrf2/NOX4, and Nrf2/GSH signaling pathway. We hope to indicate potential for Nrf2 system as a therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
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21
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Promises and Challenges of Cell-Based Therapies to Promote Lung Regeneration in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162595. [PMID: 36010671 PMCID: PMC9406501 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung epithelium is constantly exposed to harmful agents present in the air that we breathe making it highly susceptible to damage. However, in instances of injury to the lung, it exhibits a remarkable capacity to regenerate injured tissue thanks to the presence of distinct stem and progenitor cell populations along the airway and alveolar epithelium. Mechanisms of repair are affected in chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive life-threatening disorder characterized by the loss of alveolar structures, wherein excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components cause the distortion of tissue architecture that limits lung function and impairs tissue repair. Here, we review the most recent findings of a study of epithelial cells with progenitor behavior that contribute to tissue repair as well as the mechanisms involved in mouse and human lung regeneration. In addition, we describe therapeutic strategies to promote or induce lung regeneration and the cell-based strategies tested in clinical trials for the treatment of IPF. Finally, we discuss the challenges, concerns and limitations of applying these therapies of cell transplantation in IPF patients. Further research is still required to develop successful strategies focused on cell-based therapies to promote lung regeneration to restore lung architecture and function.
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22
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Lv YQ, Cai GF, Zeng PP, Dhlamini Q, Chen LF, Chen JJ, Lyu HD, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Ahmadvand N, Bellusci S, Li X, Chen C, Zhang JS. FGF10 Therapeutic Administration Promotes Mobilization of Injury-Activated Alveolar Progenitors in a Mouse Fibrosis Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152396. [PMID: 35954241 PMCID: PMC9368687 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating interstitial lung disease with dire consequences and in urgent need of improved therapies. Compelling evidence indicates that damage or dysfunction of AT2s is of central importance in the development of IPF. We recently identified a novel AT2 subpopulation characterized by low SFTPC expression but that is enriched for PD-L1 in mice. These cells represent quiescent, immature AT2 cells during normal homeostasis and expand upon pneumonectomy (PNX) and were consequently named injury-activated alveolar progenitors (IAAPs). FGF10 is shown to play critical roles in lung development, homeostasis, and injury repair demonstrated in genetically engineered mice. In an effort to bridge the gap between the promising properties of endogenous Fgf10 manipulation and therapeutic reality, we here investigated whether the administration of exogenous recombinant FGF10 protein (rFGF10) can provide preventive and/or therapeutic benefit in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis with a focus on its impact on IAAP dynamics. C57BL/6 mice and SftpcCreERT2/+; tdTomatoflox/+ mice aged 8–10 weeks old were used in this study. To induce the bleomycin (BLM) model, mice were intratracheally (i.t.) instilled with BLM (2 μg/g body weight). BLM injury was induced after a 7-day washout period following tamoxifen induction. A single i.t. injection of rFGF10 (0.05 μg/g body weight) was given on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 after BLM injury. Then, the effects of rFGF10 on BLM-induced fibrosis in lung tissues were assessed by H&E, IHC, Masson’s trichrome staining, hydroxyproline and Western blot assays. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry was used to assess the dynamic behavior of AT2 lineage-labeled SftpcPos (IAAPs and mature AT2) during the course of pulmonary fibrosis. We observed that, depending on the timing of administration, rFGF10 exhibited robust preventive or therapeutic efficacy toward BLM-induced fibrosis based on the evaluation of various pathological parameters. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a dynamic expansion of IAAPs for up to 4 weeks following BLM injury while the number of mature AT2s was drastically reduced. Significantly, rFGF10 administration increased both the peak ratio and the duration of IAAPs expansion relative to EpCAMPos cells. Altogether, our results suggest that the administration of rFGF10 exhibits therapeutic potential for IPF most likely by promoting IAAP proliferation and alveolar repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (L.-F.C.); (J.-J.C.)
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (P.-P.Z.); (Q.D.); (H.-D.L.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Ge-Fu Cai
- Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Ping-Ping Zeng
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (P.-P.Z.); (Q.D.); (H.-D.L.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Qhaweni Dhlamini
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (P.-P.Z.); (Q.D.); (H.-D.L.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Le-Fu Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (L.-F.C.); (J.-J.C.)
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (L.-F.C.); (J.-J.C.)
| | - Han-Deng Lyu
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (P.-P.Z.); (Q.D.); (H.-D.L.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (P.-P.Z.); (Q.D.); (H.-D.L.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Saverio Bellusci
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (N.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Xiaokun Li
- International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (P.-P.Z.); (Q.D.); (H.-D.L.); (M.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.C.); (J.-S.Z.)
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (L.-F.C.); (J.-J.C.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.C.); (J.-S.Z.)
| | - Jin-San Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; (Y.-Q.L.); (L.-F.C.); (J.-J.C.)
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (C.C.); (J.-S.Z.)
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Microenvironment Targeted Delivery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152322. [PMID: 35954166 PMCID: PMC9367455 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects an increasing number of people globally, yet treatment options remain limited. At present, conventional treatments depending on drug therapy do not show an ideal effect in reversing the lung damage or extending the lives of IPF patients. In recent years, more and more attention has focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs) which show extraordinary therapeutic effects in inflammation, fibrosis disease, and tissue damage repair in many kinds of disease therapy. More importantly, EVs can be modified or used as a drug or cytokine delivery tool, targeting injury sites to enhance treatment efficiency. In light of this, the treatment strategy of mesenchymal stem cell-extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF provides a new idea for the treatment of IPF. In this review, we summarized the inflammation, immune dysregulation, and extracellular matrix microenvironment (ECM) disorders in the IPF microenvironment in order to reveal the treatment strategy of MSC-EVs targeting the pulmonary microenvironment for IPF.
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Flaifel A, Kwok B, Ko J, Chang S, Smith D, Zhou F, Chiriboga LA, Zeck B, Theise N, Rudym D, Lesko M, Angel L, Moreira A, Narula N. Pulmonary Pathology of End-Stage COVID-19 Disease in Explanted Lungs and Outcomes After Lung Transplantation. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:908-926. [PMID: 34999755 PMCID: PMC8755396 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may develop end-stage lung disease requiring lung transplantation. We report the clinical course, pulmonary pathology with radiographic correlation, and outcomes after lung transplantation in three patients who developed chronic respiratory failure due to postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS A retrospective histologic evaluation of explanted lungs due to coronavirus disease 2019 was performed. RESULTS None of the patients had known prior pulmonary disease. The major pathologic findings in the lung explants were proliferative and fibrotic phases of diffuse alveolar damage, interstitial capillary neoangiogenesis, and mononuclear inflammation, specifically macrophages, with varying numbers of T and B lymphocytes. The fibrosis varied from early collagen deposition to more pronounced interstitial collagen deposition; however, pulmonary remodeling with honeycomb change was not present. Other findings included peribronchiolar metaplasia, microvascular thrombosis, recanalized thrombi in muscular arteries, and pleural adhesions. No patients had either recurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection or allograft rejection following transplant at this time. CONCLUSIONS The major pathologic findings in the lung explants of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection suggest ongoing fibrosis, prominent macrophage infiltration, neoangiogenesis, and microvascular thrombosis. Characterization of pathologic findings could help develop novel management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Flaifel
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin Kwok
- Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane Ko
- Radiology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Chang
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deane Smith
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fang Zhou
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis A Chiriboga
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Briana Zeck
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil Theise
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darya Rudym
- Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Lesko
- Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luis Angel
- Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre Moreira
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Departments of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Ding Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Yu T, Cui Y, Nie H. MiR-130a-3p Alleviates Inflammatory and Fibrotic Phases of Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Proinflammatory Factor TNF-α and Profibrogenic Receptor TGF-βRII. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:863646. [PMID: 35431964 PMCID: PMC9006815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive disease characterized by extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition that destroys the normal structure of the lung parenchyma, which is classified into two successive inflammatory and fibrotic phases. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic roles of miR-130a-3p in mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF and the underlying mechanism, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis, which demonstrated that BLM increased/decreased the percentage of macrophages and fibroblasts/epithelial cells in PF lungs, respectively. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in PPAR signaling pathway and lysosome, ECM-receptor interaction and ribosome, and metabolism reaction. Time-course studies demonstrated that the inflammation-related factors increased significantly at day 7 (inflammatory phase), whereas the fibrosis-related factors increased at day 28 (fibrotic phase) after BLM exposure. Meanwhile, miR-130a-3p could ameliorate pulmonary lesions by downregulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and TGF-β1) and the deposition of ECM (α-SMA, FN, HYP, and collagen) in the inflammatory and fibrotic phase, respectively. In the LPS-induced inflammatory cell model, the upregulation of miR-130a-3p was mainly achieved by the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which suppressed the proinflammatory factor TNF-α. Comparatively, the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was inhibited by miR-130a-3p targeting TGF-βRII in the TGF-β1-deduced fibrotic cell model. The evidence supports that miR-130a-3p exerts an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effect in BLM-induced PF, implying a potential pharmacological agent in the therapy of PF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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26
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Gong F, Yang Y, Wen L, Wang C, Li J, Dai J. An Overview of the Role of Mechanical Stretching in the Progression of Lung Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:781828. [PMID: 35004682 PMCID: PMC8740071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.781828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells and tissues in the human body are subjected to mechanical forces of varying degrees, such as tension or pressure. During tumorigenesis, physical factors, especially mechanical factors, are involved in tumor development. As lung tissue is influenced by movements associated with breathing, it is constantly subjected to cyclical stretching and retraction; therefore, lung cancer cells and lung cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are constantly exposed to mechanical load. Thus, to better explore the mechanisms involved in lung cancer progression, it is necessary to consider factors involved in cell mechanics, which may provide a more comprehensive analysis of tumorigenesis. The purpose of this review is: 1) to provide an overview of the anatomy and tissue characteristics of the lung and the presence of mechanical stimulation; 2) to summarize the role of mechanical stretching in the progression of lung cancer; and 3) to describe the relationship between mechanical stretching and the lung cancer microenvironment, especially CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Gong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangtao Wen
- Shiyue City Community Health Service Center, Shenzhen Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingxing Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics and Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application and National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Kalafatis D, Löfdahl A, Näsman P, Dellgren G, Wheelock ÅM, Elowsson Rendin L, Sköld M, Westergren-Thorsson G. Distal Lung Microenvironment Triggers Release of Mediators Recognized as Potential Systemic Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413421. [PMID: 34948231 PMCID: PMC8704101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrotic lung disease with an unmet need of biomarkers that can aid in the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of the disease and response to treatment. In this two-part explorative proteomic study, we demonstrate how proteins associated with tissue remodeling, inflammation and chemotaxis such as MMP7, CXCL13 and CCL19 are released in response to aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) in IPF lung. We used a novel ex vivo model where decellularized lung tissue from IPF patients and healthy donors were repopulated with healthy fibroblasts to monitor locally released mediators. Results were validated in longitudinally collected serum samples from 38 IPF patients and from 77 healthy controls. We demonstrate how proteins elevated in the ex vivo model (e.g., MMP7), and other serum proteins found elevated in IPF patients such as HGF, VEGFA, MCP-3, IL-6 and TNFRSF12A, are associated with disease severity and progression and their response to antifibrotic treatment. Our study supports the model’s applicability in studying mechanisms involved in IPF and provides additional evidence for both established and potentially new biomarkers in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kalafatis
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (Å.M.W.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-72-3416617
| | - Anna Löfdahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.E.R.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Per Näsman
- Center for Safety Research, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Göran Dellgren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Transplant Institute, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Åsa M. Wheelock
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (Å.M.W.); (M.S.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Elowsson Rendin
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.E.R.); (G.W.-T.)
| | - Magnus Sköld
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (Å.M.W.); (M.S.)
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Westergren-Thorsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lung Biology, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; (A.L.); (L.E.R.); (G.W.-T.)
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28
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Distinct roles of KLF4 in mesenchymal cell subtypes during lung fibrogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7179. [PMID: 34893592 PMCID: PMC8664937 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27499-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During lung fibrosis, the epithelium induces signaling to underlying mesenchyme to generate excess myofibroblasts and extracellular matrix; herein, we focus on signaling in the mesenchyme. Our studies indicate that platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-β+ cells are the predominant source of myofibroblasts and Kruppel-like factor (KLF) 4 is upregulated in PDGFR-β+ cells, inducing TGFβ pathway signaling and fibrosis. In fibrotic lung patches, KLF4 is down-regulated, suggesting KLF4 levels decrease as PDGFR-β+ cells transition into myofibroblasts. In contrast to PDGFR-β+ cells, KLF4 reduction in α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)+ cells non-cell autonomously exacerbates lung fibrosis by inducing macrophage accumulation and pro-fibrotic effects of PDGFR-β+ cells via a Forkhead box M1 to C-C chemokine ligand 2-receptor 2 pathway. Taken together, in the context of lung fibrosis, our results indicate that KLF4 plays opposing roles in PDGFR-β+ cells and SMA+ cells and highlight the importance of further studies of interactions between distinct mesenchymal cell types.
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Li S, Gao S, Jiang Q, Liang Q, Luan J, Zhang R, Zhang F, Ruan H, Li X, Li X, Zhou H, Yang C. Clevudine attenuates bleomycin-induced early pulmonary fibrosis via regulating M2 macrophage polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108271. [PMID: 34700113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease. It is a growing clinical problem which can result in breathlessness or respiratory failure and has an average life expectancy of 3 years from diagnosis. Predominantly accumulation of M2 macrophages accelerates fibrosis progression by secreting multiple cytokines that promote fibroblast to myofibroblast transition and aberrant wound healing of epithelial cells. Targeting activated macrophages to inhibit the pro-fibrotic phenotype is considered as an approach for the potential treatment of PF. Clevudine is s a purine nucleoside analogue which in an oral formulation is approved for treatment of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Here, we found that clevudine is capable of suppressing pro-fibrotic phenotype (i.e., CD206, Arg1 and YM1) of M2 macrophages while enhancing anti-fibrotic phenotype (i.e., CD86, IL-6 and IL-10) by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This effect further alleviates M2-induced myofibroblast activation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), thus resulting in a decline of collagen deposition, pro-fibrotic cytokines secretion, with a concomitant recover ofpulmonary functions in vivo. Less infiltration of M2 macrophages between α-SMA + cells was also found in clevudine treated mice. Our findings indicate a potential anti-fibrotic effect of clevudine by regulating macrophage polarization and might be meaningful in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shaoyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Qing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Jiaoyan Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fangxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hao Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Xiaohe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Honggang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300000, China; High-throughput Molecular Drug Screening Centre, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300070, China
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30
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Li X, Zhang J, Du C, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wang S, Zhu X, Gao J, Zhang X, Ren D, Zheng Y, Tang J. Polyhexamethylene guanidine aerosol triggers pulmonary fibrosis concomitant with elevated surface tension via inhibiting pulmonary surfactant. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126642. [PMID: 34329089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental chemicals inhalation exposure could induce pulmonary fibrosis, which is characterized by the excessive proliferation of fibroblasts and accumulation of extracellular matrix components, in which surface tension usually plays vital roles. Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) was first recognized as a potential hazard ingredient in humidifier disinfectants, which caused an outbreak of pulmonary fibrosis in South Korea. However, the underlying mechanisms involved in PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study mainly focuses on the effect of PHMG on surface tension to unveil the influence and involved mechanisms in PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to sub-acute PHMG aerosol for 8 weeks. The results indicated that PHMG induced pulmonary fibrosis combined with elevated surface tension. Results from in vitro study further confirmed PHMG elevated surface tension by inhibited pulmonary surfactant. Mechanistically, PHMG suppressed the key surfactant protein SP-B and SP-C by inhibiting protein expression and block their active sites. The present study, for the first time, revealed the molecular mechanism of PHMG-induced pulmonary fibrosis based on pulmonary surfactant inhibition mediated surface tension elevated. And pulmonary surfactant may be a potential target for further intervention to prevent PHMG-induced fibrosis or alleviate the symptom of relevant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wanjun Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinling Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xinru Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dunqiang Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jinglong Tang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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31
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Nie J, Liu Y, Sun C, Zheng J, Chen B, Zhuo J, Su Z, Lai X, Chen J, Zheng J, Li Y. Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extract from Chrysanthemum indicum Linné on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:240. [PMID: 34563177 PMCID: PMC8464116 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03409-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a prevalent type of cryptogenic fibrotic disease with high mortality, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) still lacks effective therapeutic drugs. The compounds extracted from buds and flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum Linné with supercritical-carbon dioxide fluid (CISCFE) has been confirmed to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lung-protective effects. This paper aimed to clarify whether CISCFE could treat IPF induced by bleomycin (BLM) and elucidate the related mechanisms. Methods Rats (Sprague-Dawley, male) were separated into the following groups: normal, model, pirfenidone (50 mg/kg), CISCFE-L, −M, and -H (240, 360, and 480 mg/kg/d, i.g., respectively, for 4 weeks). Rats were given BLM (5 mg/kg) via intratracheal installation to establish the IPF model. A549 and MRC-5 cells were stimulated by Wnt-1 to establish a cell model and then treated with CISCFE. Haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were employed to observe lesions in the lung tissues. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot (WB) were performed to observe changes in genes and proteins connected with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Results CISCFE inhibited the proliferation of MRC-5 cells (IC50: 2.723 ± 0.488 μg/mL) and A549 cells (IC50: 2.235 ± 0.229 μg/mL). In rats, A549 cells, and MRC-5 cells, BLM and Wnt-1 obviously induced the protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, type I collagen (collagen-I), and Nu-β-catenin. The mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and − 9 (MMP-9), two enzymes that degrade and reshape the extracellular matrix (ECM) were also increased while those of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) were decreased. However, CISCFE reversed the effects of BLM and Wnt-1 on the expression pattern of these proteins and genes. Conclusion These findings showed that CISCFE could inhibit IPF development by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and may serve as a treatment for IPF after further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03409-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoyue Sun
- 2nd Clinical Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jingna Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoyi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyi Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziren Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoping Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiannan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jibiao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524000, China.
| | - Yucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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32
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Alysandratos KD, Russo SJ, Petcherski A, Taddeo EP, Acín-Pérez R, Villacorta-Martin C, Jean JC, Mulugeta S, Rodriguez LR, Blum BC, Hekman RM, Hix OT, Minakin K, Vedaie M, Kook S, Tilston-Lunel AM, Varelas X, Wambach JA, Cole FS, Hamvas A, Young LR, Liesa M, Emili A, Guttentag SH, Shirihai OS, Beers MF, Kotton DN. Patient-specific iPSCs carrying an SFTPC mutation reveal the intrinsic alveolar epithelial dysfunction at the inception of interstitial lung disease. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109636. [PMID: 34469722 PMCID: PMC8432578 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar epithelial type 2 cell (AEC2) dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of adult and pediatric interstitial lung disease (ILD), including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF); however, identification of disease-initiating mechanisms has been impeded by inability to access primary AEC2s early on. Here, we present a human in vitro model permitting investigation of epithelial-intrinsic events culminating in AEC2 dysfunction, using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying an AEC2-exclusive disease-associated variant (SFTPCI73T). Comparing syngeneic mutant versus gene-corrected iPSCs after differentiation into AEC2s (iAEC2s), we find that mutant iAEC2s accumulate large amounts of misprocessed and mistrafficked pro-SFTPC protein, similar to in vivo changes, resulting in diminished AEC2 progenitor capacity, perturbed proteostasis, altered bioenergetic programs, time-dependent metabolic reprogramming, and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway activation. Treatment of SFTPCI73T-expressing iAEC2s with hydroxychloroquine, a medication used in pediatric ILD, aggravates the observed perturbations. Thus, iAEC2s provide a patient-specific preclinical platform for modeling the epithelial-intrinsic dysfunction at ILD inception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos-Dionysios Alysandratos
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anton Petcherski
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Evan P Taddeo
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Rebeca Acín-Pérez
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - J C Jean
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Surafel Mulugeta
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luis R Rodriguez
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Benjamin C Blum
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Ryan M Hekman
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Olivia T Hix
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Kasey Minakin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marall Vedaie
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Seunghyi Kook
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew M Tilston-Lunel
- Departments of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Departments of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer A Wambach
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - F Sessions Cole
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Edward Mallinckrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron Hamvas
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa R Young
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Andrew Emili
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Susan H Guttentag
- Department of Pediatrics, Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Michael F Beers
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; PENN-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Darrell N Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA; The Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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33
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Beaulieu D, Attwe A, Breau M, Lipskaia L, Marcos E, Born E, Huang J, Abid S, Derumeaux G, Houssaini A, Maitre B, Lefevre M, Vienney N, Bertolino P, Jaber S, Noureddine H, Goehrig D, Vindrieux D, Bernard D, Adnot S. Phospholipase A2 receptor 1 promotes lung cell senescence and emphysema in obstructive lung disease. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00752-2020. [PMID: 33509955 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00752-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell senescence is a key process in age-associated dysfunction and diseases, notably chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We previously identified phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R1) as a positive regulator of cell senescence acting via Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signalling. Its role in pathology, however, remains unknown. Here, we assessed PLA2R1-induced senescence in COPD and lung emphysema pathogenesis. METHODS We assessed cell senescence in lungs and cultured lung cells from patients with COPD and controls subjected to PLA2R1 knockdown, PLA2R1 gene transduction and treatment with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. To assess whether PLA2R1 upregulation caused lung lesions, we developed transgenic mice overexpressing PLA2R1 (PLA2R1-TG) and intratracheally injected wild-type mice with a lentiviral vector carrying the Pla2r1 gene (LV-PLA2R1 mice). RESULTS We found that PLA2R1 was overexpressed in various cell types exhibiting senescence characteristics in COPD lungs. PLA2R1 knockdown extended the population doubling capacity of these cells and inhibited their pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). PLA2R1-mediated cell senescence in COPD was largely reversed by treatment with the potent JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib. Five-month-old PLA2R1-TG mice exhibited lung cell senescence, and developed lung emphysema and lung fibrosis together with pulmonary hypertension. Treatment with ruxolitinib induced reversal of lung emphysema and fibrosis. LV-PLA2R1-treated mice developed lung emphysema within 4 weeks and this was markedly attenuated by concomitant ruxolitinib treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a major role for PLA2R1 activation in driving lung cell senescence and lung alterations in COPD. Targeting JAK1/2 may represent a promising therapeutic approach for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Beaulieu
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.,These two authors contributed equally
| | - Aya Attwe
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France.,Environmental Health Research Laboratory (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon.,These two authors contributed equally
| | - Marielle Breau
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Emmanuelle Born
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Jin Huang
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Shariq Abid
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Geneviève Derumeaux
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Amal Houssaini
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Bernard Maitre
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Marine Lefevre
- Département Anatomopathologie, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Nora Vienney
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Sara Jaber
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hiba Noureddine
- Environmental Health Research Laboratory (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Vindrieux
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM U1052/CNRS 5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.,These two authors are joint senior authors
| | - Serge Adnot
- INSERM U955, Département de Physiologie-Explorations Fonctionnelles and DHU A-TVB Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, Créteil, France .,Institute for Lung Health, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.,These two authors are joint senior authors
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34
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Zhu Y, Lin B, Ding F, Ma F, Zhou X, Zong H, Feng G, Chen Q, Chen G, Lv X. Leonurine negatively modulates T cells activity by suppressing recombination activation gene protein 2 in pulmonary fibrosis. EUR J INFLAMM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/20587392211035907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The key transformed T cell transcription factor recombination activation gene protein 2 (RAG2) is regulated during inflammation to allow for the acquisition of effector T cells functions. The present study was designed to investigate whether stress signals elicited by leonurine (LEO) could lead to the degradation of RAG2 through v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog (AKT) signaling in lung fibrosis. Methods A total of 120 female mice were randomly divided into five groups (Group I–V): Normal group, bleomycin (BLM), BLM+LEO 50 mg/kg/d, BLM+LEO 100 mg/kg/d, and BLM+LEO 50 mg/kg/d+LY294002. Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining were performed to observe the pathomorphological changes. The expression of CD3+, TGF-β, RAG2, and Bcl proteins was examined by immunodetection, while that of E-cadherin (ECAD), AKT, TGF-β1, alpha-actin-2, Bax, and RAG2 was detected by Western blot analysis. Results The level of T lymphocytes was reduced sharply in LEO-treated mice as compared to the other groups. The AKT signal was greatly inhibited in the BLM group and activated with LEO treatment on day 14. In addition, RAG2 was attenuated by LEO on day 14 and day 28. LY294002 could reverse the expression of AKT and RAG2 on day 28. Remarkably, the low dose of LEO has a greater protective efficacy as compared to the high-dose LEO group in terms of pulmonary fibrosis, T cell inactivation, and apoptosis in alveolar cells. Conclusion The results of the present study suggested that LEO has a protective effect on lung fibrosis with possible mechanisms of attenuating apoptosis and inflammation via the upregulation of the AKT signal in transformed T cells by suppressing the expression and activity of RAG2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Attached Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bixia Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fadian Ding
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Abdominal Surgery, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Skill Training Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haiyang Zong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Gao Feng
- Department of Pathology, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qingquan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gongping Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 1st Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Institute of Respiratory Disease, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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35
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Cellular Senescence in Lung Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137012. [PMID: 34209809 PMCID: PMC8267738 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic and ultimately fatal age-related lung diseases characterized by the progressive and irreversible accumulation of scar tissue in the lung parenchyma. Over the past years, significant progress has been made in our incomplete understanding of the pathobiology underlying fibrosing ILDs, in particular in relation to diverse age-related processes and cell perturbations that seem to lead to maladaptation to stress and susceptibility to lung fibrosis. Growing evidence suggests that a specific biological phenomenon known as cellular senescence plays an important role in the initiation and progression of pulmonary fibrosis. Cellular senescence is defined as a cell fate decision caused by the accumulation of unrepairable cellular damage and is characterized by an abundant pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic secretome. The senescence response has been widely recognized as a beneficial physiological mechanism during development and in tumour suppression. However, recent evidence strengthens the idea that it also drives degenerative processes such as lung fibrosis, most likely by promoting molecular and cellular changes in chronic fibrosing processes. Here, we review how cellular senescence may contribute to lung fibrosis pathobiology, and we highlight current and emerging therapeutic approaches to treat fibrosing ILDs by targeting cellular senescence.
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36
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Mehta M, Dhanjal DS, Satija S, Wadhwa R, Paudel KR, Chellappan DK, Mohammad S, Haghi M, Hansbro PM, Dua K. Advancing of Cellular Signaling Pathways in Respiratory Diseases Using Nanocarrier Based Drug Delivery Systems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 26:5380-5392. [PMID: 33198611 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826999201116161143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell Signaling pathways form an integral part of our existence that allows the cells to comprehend a stimulus and respond back. Such reactions to external cues from the environment are required and are essential to regulate the normal functioning of our body. Abnormalities in the system arise when there are errors developed in these signals, resulting in a complication or a disease. Presently, respiratory diseases contribute to being the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide. According to the current statistics, over 339 million people are asthmatic, 65 million are suffering from COPD, 2.3 million are lung cancer patients and 10 million are tuberculosis patients. This toll of statistics with chronic respiratory diseases leaves a heavy burden on society and the nation's annual health expenditure. Hence, a better understanding of the processes governing these cellular pathways will enable us to treat and manage these deadly respiratory diseases effectively. Moreover, it is important to comprehend the synergy and interplay of the cellular signaling pathways in respiratory diseases, which will enable us to explore and develop suitable strategies for targeted drug delivery. This review, in particular, focuses on the major respiratory diseases and further provides an in-depth discussion on the various cell signaling pathways that are involved in the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. Moreover, the review also analyses the defining concepts about advanced nano-drug delivery systems involving various nanocarriers and propose newer prospects to minimize the current challenges faced by researchers and formulation scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Mehta
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ridhima Wadhwa
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Shiva Mohammad
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Mehra Haghi
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo NSW 2007, Australia
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37
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Venosa A, Gow JG, Taylor S, Golden TN, Murray A, Abramova E, Malaviya R, Laskin DL, Gow AJ. Myeloid cell dynamics in bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury in mice; effects of anti-TNFα antibody. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 417:115470. [PMID: 33647319 PMCID: PMC10157853 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin is a cancer therapeutic known to cause lung injury which progresses to fibrosis. Evidence suggests that macrophages contribute to this pathological response. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α is a macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in lung injury. Herein, we investigated the role of TNFα in macrophage responses to bleomycin. Treatment of mice with bleomycin (3 U/kg, i.t.) caused histopathological changes in the lung within 3 d which culminated in fibrosis at 21 d. This was accompanied by an early (3-7 d) influx of CD11b+ and iNOS+ macrophages into the lung, and Arg-1+ macrophages at 21 d. At this time, epithelial cell dysfunction, defined by increases in total phospholipids and SP-B was evident. Treatment of mice with anti-TNFα antibody (7.5 mg/kg, i.v.) beginning 15-30 min after bleomycin, and every 5 d thereafter reduced the number and size of fibrotic foci and restored epithelial cell function. Flow cytometric analysis of F4/80+ alveolar macrophages (AM) isolated by bronchoalveolar lavage and interstitial macrophages (IM) by tissue digestion identified resident (CD11b-CD11c+) and immature infiltrating (CD11b+CD11c-) AM, and mature (CD11b+CD11c+) and immature (CD11b+CD11c-) IM subsets in bleomycin treated mice. Greater numbers of mature (CD11c+) infiltrating (CD11b+) AM expressing the anti-inflammatory marker, mannose receptor (CD206) were observed at 21 d when compared to 7 d post bleomycin. Mature proinflammatory (Ly6C+) IM were greater at 7 d relative to 21 d. These cells transitioned into mature anti-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic (CD206+) IM between 7 and 21 d. Anti-TNFα antibody heightened the number of CD11b+ AM in the lung without altering their activation state. Conversely, it reduced the abundance of mature proinflammatory (Ly6C+) IM in the tissue at 7 d and immature pro-fibrotic IM at 21 d. Taken together, these data suggest that TNFα inhibition has beneficial effects in bleomycin induced injury, restoring epithelial function and reducing numbers of profibrotic IM and the extent of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | | | - Sheryse Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Thea N Golden
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 18015, USA
| | - Alexa Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Elena Abramova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Al-Habeeb F, Aloufi N, Traboulsi H, Liu X, Nair P, Haston C, Azuelos I, Huang SK, White ES, Gallouzi IE, Di Marco S, Eidelman DH, Baglole CJ. Human antigen R promotes lung fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblasts and increases extracellular matrix production. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6836-6851. [PMID: 33855709 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease of progressive scarring caused by excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and activation of α-SMA-expressing myofibroblasts. Human antigen R (HuR) is an RNA binding protein that promotes protein translation. Upon translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, HuR functions to stabilize messenger RNA (mRNA) to increase protein levels. However, the role of HuR in promoting ECM production, myofibroblast differentiation, and lung fibrosis is unknown. Human lung fibroblasts (HLFs) treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) showed a significant increase in translocation of HuR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. TGF-β-treated HLFs that were transfected with HuR small interfering RNA had a significant reduction in α-SMA protein as well as the ECM proteins COL1A1, COL3A, and FN1. HuR was also bound to mRNA for ACTA2, COL1A1, COL3A1, and FN. HuR knockdown affected the mRNA stability of ACTA2 but not that of the ECM genes COL1A1, COL3A1, or FN. In mouse models of pulmonary fibrosis, there was higher cytoplasmic HuR in lung structural cells compared to control mice. In human IPF lungs, there was also more cytoplasmic HuR. This study is the first to show that HuR in lung fibroblasts controls their differentiation to myofibroblasts and consequent ECM production. Further research on HuR could assist in establishing the basis for the development of new target therapy for fibrotic diseases, such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Al-Habeeb
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Noof Aloufi
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hussein Traboulsi
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xingxing Liu
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University & St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christina Haston
- Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Statistics, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ilan Azuelos
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Imed E Gallouzi
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David H Eidelman
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Departments of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Vera L, Garcia-Olloqui P, Petri E, Viñado AC, Valera PS, Blasco-Iturri Z, Calvo IA, Cenzano I, Ruppert C, Zulueta JJ, Prosper F, Saez B, Pardo-Saganta A. Notch3 Deficiency Attenuates Pulmonary Fibrosis and Impedes Lung-Function Decline. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:465-476. [PMID: 33493092 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0516oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast activation includes differentiation to myofibroblasts and is a key feature of organ fibrosis. The Notch pathway has been involved in myofibroblast differentiation in several tissues, including the lung. Here, we identify a subset of collagen-expressing cells in the lung that exhibit Notch3 activity at homeostasis. After injury, this activation increases, being found in αSMA-expressing myofibroblasts in the mouse and human fibrotic lung. Although previous studies suggest a contribution of Notch3 in stromal activation, in vivo evidence of the role of Notch3 in lung fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we examine the effects of Notch3 deletion in pulmonary fibrosis and demonstrate that Notch3-deficient lungs are protected from lung injury with significantly reduced collagen deposition after bleomycin administration. The induction of profibrotic genes is reduced in bleomycin-treated Notch3-knockout lungs that consistently present fewer αSMA-positive myofibroblasts. As a result, the volume of healthy lung tissue is higher and lung function is improved in the absence of Notch3. Using in vitro cultures of lung primary fibroblasts, we confirmed that Notch3 participates in their survival and differentiation. Thus, Notch3 deficiency mitigates the development of lung fibrosis because of its role in mediating fibroblast activation. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified mechanism underlying lung fibrogenesis and provide a potential novel therapeutic approach to target pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eva Petri
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and
| | - Ana Cristina Viñado
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Zuriñe Blasco-Iturri
- Molecular and Functional Biomarkers Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC BiomaGUNE), San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel A Calvo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Itziar Cenzano
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Biobank of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center and the European Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Registry, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Javier J Zulueta
- Pulmonary Department, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Borja Saez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Lung gene expression and single cell analyses reveal two subsets of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients associated with different pathogenic mechanisms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248889. [PMID: 33755690 PMCID: PMC7987152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and debilitating lung disease with large unmet medical need and few treatment options. We describe an analysis connecting single cell gene expression with bulk gene expression-based subsetting of patient cohorts to identify IPF patient subsets with different underlying pathogenesis and cellular changes. We reproduced earlier findings indicating the existence of two major subsets in IPF and showed that these subsets display different alterations in cellular composition of the lung. We developed classifiers based on the cellular changes in disease to distinguish subsets. Specifically, we showed that one subset of IPF patients had significant increases in gene signature scores for myeloid cells versus a second subset that had significantly increased gene signature scores for ciliated epithelial cells, suggesting a differential pathogenesis among IPF subsets. Ligand-receptor analyses suggested there was a monocyte-macrophage chemoattractant axis (including potentially CCL2-CCR2 and CCL17-CCR4) among the myeloid-enriched IPF subset and a ciliated epithelium-derived chemokine axis (e.g. CCL15) among the ciliated epithelium-enriched IPF subset. We also found that these IPF subsets had differential expression of pirfenidone-responsive genes suggesting that our findings may provide an approach to identify patients with differential responses to pirfenidone and other drugs. We believe this work is an important step towards targeted therapies and biomarkers of response.
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41
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Uchida N, Shimizu Y, Fujimaki M, Horibata Y, Nakamura Y, Horigane Y, Chibana K, Takemasa A, Sugimoto H, Niho S. Metabolic changes induced by TGF-β1 via reduced expression of phosphatidylserine decarboxylase during myofibroblast transition. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 70:108-116. [PMID: 35400823 PMCID: PMC8921729 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alteration is increasingly recognized as an important pathogenic process that underlies fibrosis across many organ types, and metabolically targeted therapies could become important strategies for reducing fibrosis. In present study, target enzymes that are involved in changes in phospholipid metabolism during fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) were examined. Different amounts of phospholipids were found in the 2 groups. In response to TGF-β1 stimulation, 17 lipids decreased and 17 increased. The latter included the phospholipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Furthermore, among the rate-limiting enzymes that regulate these phospholipids, phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PISD), which controls conversion of PS to PE and is localized in mitochondria, decreased in response to TGF-β1. Knockdown of PISD alone without TGF-β1 stimulation increased expression of α-smooth muscle actin mRNA and production of total collagen. Taken together, these results indicate that PISD is involved in the mechanism of fibrogenesis by regulating phospholipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Uchida
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Mio Fujimaki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro Horibata
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Yukiko Horigane
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuyuki Chibana
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Akihiro Takemasa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroyuki Sugimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
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42
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Gao F, Zhang Y, Yang Z, Wang M, Zhou Z, Zhang W, Ren Y, Han X, Wei M, Sun Z, Nie S. Arctigenin Suppressed Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Wnt3a/β-Catenin Pathway in PQ-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:584098. [PMID: 33390951 PMCID: PMC7772408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.584098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctigenin (ATG), a major bioactive substance of Fructus Arctii, counters renal fibrosis; however, whether it protects against paraquat (PQ)-induced lung fibrosis remains unknown. The present study was to determine the effect of ATG on PQ-induced lung fibrosis in a mouse model and the underlying mechanism. Firstly, we found that ATG suppressed PQ-induced pulmonary fibrosis by blocking the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). ATG reduced the expressions of Vimentin and α-SMA (lung fibrosis markers) induced by PQ and restored the expressions of E-cadherin and Occludin (two epithelial markers) in vivo and in vitro. Besides, the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway was significantly activated in PQ induced pulmonary fibrosis. Further analysis showed that pretreatment of ATG profoundly abrogated PQ-induced EMT-like phenotypes and behaviors in A549 cells. The Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway was repressed by ATG treatment. The overexpression of Wnt3a could weaken the therapeutic effect of ATG in A549 cells. These findings suggested that ATG could serve as a new therapeutic candidate to inhibit or even reverse EMT-like changes in alveolar type II cells during PQ-induced lung fibrosis, and unraveled that the Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway might be a mechanistic tool for ATG to control pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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43
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Pollard CA, Morran MP, Nestor-Kalinoski AL. The COVID-19 pandemic: a global health crisis. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:549-557. [PMID: 32991251 PMCID: PMC7686876 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00089.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative agent for a series of atypical respiratory diseases in the Hubei Province of Wuhan, China in December of 2019. The disease SARS-CoV-2, termed COVID-19, was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 contains a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome surrounded by an extracellular membrane containing a series of spike glycoproteins resembling a crown. COVID-19 infection results in diverse symptoms and morbidity depending on individual genetics, ethnicity, age, and geographic location. In severe cases, COVID-19 pathophysiology includes destruction of lung epithelial cells, thrombosis, hypercoagulation, and vascular leak leading to sepsis. These events lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent pulmonary fibrosis in patients. COVID-19 risk factors include cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes, which are highly prevalent in the United States. This population has upregulation of the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, which is exploited by COVID-19 as the route of entry and infection. Viral envelope proteins bind to and degrade ACE2 receptors, thus preventing normal ACE2 function. COVID-19 infection causes imbalances in ACE2 and induces an inflammatory immune response, known as a cytokine storm, both of which amplify comorbidities within the host. Herein, we discuss the genetics, pathogenesis, and possible therapeutics of COVID-19 infection along with secondary complications associated with disease progression, including ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis. Understanding the mechanisms of COVID-19 infection will allow the development of vaccines or other novel therapeutic approaches to prevent transmission or reduce the severity of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey A Pollard
- Department of Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Michael P Morran
- Department of Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- The University of Toledo Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrea L Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- The University of Toledo Advanced Microscopy and Imaging Center, The University of Toledo, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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44
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Yamanishi C, Parigoris E, Takayama S. Kinetic Analysis of Label-Free Microscale Collagen Gel Contraction Using Machine Learning-Aided Image Analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:582602. [PMID: 33072731 PMCID: PMC7537788 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.582602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a deadly lung disease, wherein normal lung tissue is progressively replaced with fibrotic scar tissue. An aspect of this process can be recreated in vitro by embedding fibroblasts into a collagen matrix and providing a fibrotic stimulus. This work expands upon a previously described method to print microscale cell-laden collagen gels and combines it with live cell imaging and automated image analysis to enable high-throughput analysis of the kinetics of cell-mediated contraction of this collagen matrix. The image analysis method utilizes a plugin for FIJI, built around Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) Segmentation. After cross-validation of this automated image analysis with manual shape tracing, the assay was applied to primary human lung fibroblasts including cells isolated from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients. In the absence of any exogenous stimuli, the analysis showed significantly faster and more extensive contraction of the diseased cells compared to the healthy ones. Upon stimulation with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), fibroblasts from the healthy donor showed significantly more contraction throughout the observation period while differences in the response of diseased cells was subtle and could only be detected during a smaller window of time. Finally, dose-response curves for the inhibition of collagen gel contraction were determined for 3 small molecules including the only 2 FDA-approved drugs for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Yamanishi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric Parigoris
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.,The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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45
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Lv X, Gao F, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhou X, Ding F, Wang J, Chen Q, Chen M, Liu Q. Maladjustment of β-CGRP/α-CGRP Regulation of AQP5 Promotes Transition of Alveolar Epithelial Cell Apoptosis to Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:377-388. [PMID: 32746702 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the triggering mechanism of interstitial lung disease (ILD). We established the effects of immunogenic and neurogenic calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) imbalance on the regulation of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression and the repair responses that promote the transition from alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) apoptosis to pulmonary fibrosis. Newly diagnosed ILD patients (n = 60) were enrolled, whose serological levels of β-CGRP, α-CGRP, AQP5, receptor activity modifying protein 1, and receptor component protein were detected by ELISA. Th1 and Th2 cytokines and CD4+ and CD8+ cells were measured by flow cytometry method. In vivo, bleomycin (BLM) was set for modeling pulmonary fibrosis. A CALCA-HET model was set as a chronic pulmonary fibrosis model. Hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, and Masson's trichrome staining were performed to assess the role of apoptosis in the injured lung. The concentrations of cytokines were determined by cytokine antibody arrays. Abnormal activation of serological CD4+ T lymphocytes and predominant Th2 response was established in the patients with ILD. Moreover, the ratio of β-CGRP/α-CGRP positively correlated with the increased level of AQP5 in patients with ILD. In vivo, a significant increase of AQP5 and β-CGRP at the chronic stage of pulmonary fibrosis was induced by BLM in the mice model, whereas the expression of AQP5 protein was generally lower in the acute alveolitis phase. Moreover, the levels of AQP5 and α-CGRP in the CALCA-HET rats were lower than those of the normal saline group. The high ratio β-CGRP/α-CGRP enhanced the expression of AQP5, inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1)/P-Smad1/Smad4 pathway, and upregulated the NRF2 signal, whereas the apoptosis of AECs was significantly reduced in late-stage pulmonary fibrosis. The imbalance of β-CGRP/α-CGRP may be associated with the predominance of Th2 response and participate in the process of AEC apoptosis in lung fibrosis. The high ratio of β-CGRP/α-CGRP may elevate the level of AQP5 through inactivation of the TGF-β1/smad1 signaling pathway and upregulation of the Nrf2 signaling in the chronic stage of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Research Laboratory of the Respiratory System Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Clinical Skill Training Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fadian Ding
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Institute of Abdominal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingquan Chen
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine Centre, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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46
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Gaikwad AV, Eapen MS, McAlinden KD, Chia C, Larby J, Myers S, Dey S, Haug G, Markos J, Glanville AR, Sohal SS. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:1027-1043. [PMID: 32659128 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1795832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and irreversible fibrotic disease associated with respiratory failure. The disease remains idiopathic, but repeated alveolar epithelium injury, disruption of alveolar-capillary integrity, abnormal vascular repair, and pulmonary vascular remodeling are considered possible pathogenic mechanisms. Also, the development of comorbidities such as pulmonary hypertension (PH) could further impact disease outcome, quality of life and survival rates in IPF. AREAS COVERED The current review provides a comprehensive literature survey of the mechanisms involved in the development and manifestations of IPF and their links to PH pathology. This review also provides the current understanding of molecular mechanisms that link the two pathologies and will specifically decipher the role of endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) along with the possible triggers of EndMT. The possibility of targeting EndMT as a therapeutic option in IPF is discussed. EXPERT OPINION With a steady increase in prevalence and mortality, IPF is no longer considered a rare disease. Thus, it is of utmost importance and urgency that the underlying profibrotic pathways and mechanisms are fully understood, to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Vijay Gaikwad
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Mathew Suji Eapen
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Kielan D McAlinden
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Collin Chia
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Josie Larby
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Stephen Myers
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Surajit Dey
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
| | - Greg Haug
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - James Markos
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Launceston General Hospital , Launceston, Australia
| | - Allan R Glanville
- Lung Transplant Unit, Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital , Sydney, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder Singh Sohal
- Respiratory Translational Research Group, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania , Launceston, Australia
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47
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Lipid Mediators Regulate Pulmonary Fibrosis: Potential Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124257. [PMID: 32549377 PMCID: PMC7352853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by distorted distal lung architecture, inflammation, and fibrosis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of IPF are incompletely defined. Several lung cell types including alveolar epithelial cells, fibroblasts, monocyte-derived macrophages, and endothelial cells have been implicated in the development and progression of fibrosis. Regardless of the cell types involved, changes in gene expression, disrupted glycolysis, and mitochondrial oxidation, dysregulated protein folding, and altered phospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism result in activation of myofibroblast, deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, remodeling of lung architecture and fibrosis. Lipid mediators derived from phospholipids, sphingolipids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and have been described to exhibit pro- and anti-fibrotic effects in IPF and in preclinical animal models of lung fibrosis. This review describes the current understanding of the role and signaling pathways of prostanoids, lysophospholipids, and sphingolipids and their metabolizing enzymes in the development of lung fibrosis. Further, several of the lipid mediators and enzymes involved in their metabolism are therapeutic targets for drug development to treat IPF.
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48
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Basil MC, Morrisey EE. Lung regeneration: a tale of mice and men. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 100:88-100. [PMID: 31761445 PMCID: PMC7909713 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory system is the main site of gas exchange with the external environment in complex terrestrial animals. Within the trachea and lungs are multiple different tissue niches each consisting of a myriad of cells types with critical roles in air conduction, gas exchange, providing important niche specific cell-cell interactions, connection to the cardiovascular system, and immune surveillance. How the respiratory system responds to external insults and executes the appropriate regenerative response remains challenging to study given the plethora of cell and tissue interactions for this to occur properly. This review will examine the various cell types and tissue niches found within the respiratory system and provide a comparison between mouse and human lungs and trachea to highlight important similarities and differences. Defining the critical gaps in knowledge in human lung and tracheal regeneration is critical for future development of therapies directed towards respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Basil
- Department of Medicine; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology; Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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49
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Liu RM, Liu G. Cell senescence and fibrotic lung diseases. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110836. [PMID: 31958492 PMCID: PMC7036279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal lung disorder with an unknown etiology and very limited therapeutic options. The incidence and severity of IPF increase with advanced age, suggesting that aging is a major risk factor for IPF. The mechanism underlying the aging-related susceptibility to IPF, however, remains unclear. Cellular senescence, a permanent arrest of cell growth, has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to aging and aging-related diseases, including IPF. Senescent cells have been identified in IPF lungs and in experimental lung fibrosis models. Removal of senescent cells pharmacologically or genetically improves lung function and reverses pulmonary fibrosis induced by different stimuli in experimental fibrosis models. Treatment with senolytic drugs also improves clinical symptoms in IPF patients. These intriguing findings suggest that cellular senescence contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases and targeting senescent cells may represent a novel approach for the treatment of fibrotic lung disorders. In this mini review, we summarize the recent advance in the field regarding the role of cellular senescence in fibrotic lung diseases, with a focus on IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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50
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Parimon T, Yao C, Stripp BR, Noble PW, Chen P. Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cells as Drivers of Lung Fibrosis in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2269. [PMID: 32218238 PMCID: PMC7177323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Alveolar epithelial type II cells (AT2) are a heterogeneous population that have critical secretory and regenerative roles in the alveolus to maintain lung homeostasis. However, impairment to their normal functional capacity and development of a pro-fibrotic phenotype has been demonstrated to contribute to the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). A number of factors contribute to AT2 death and dysfunction. As a mucosal surface, AT2 cells are exposed to environmental stresses that can have lasting effects that contribute to fibrogenesis. Genetical risks have also been identified that can cause AT2 impairment and the development of lung fibrosis. Furthermore, aging is a final factor that adds to the pathogenic changes in AT2 cells. Here, we will discuss the homeostatic role of AT2 cells and the studies that have recently defined the heterogeneity of this population of cells. Furthermore, we will review the mechanisms of AT2 death and dysfunction in the context of lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanyalak Parimon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Changfu Yao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Barry R Stripp
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Peter Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Women’s Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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