1
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Harris ES, McIntire HJ, Mazur M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Leung HM, Tearney GJ, Krick S, Rowe SM, Barnes JW. Reduced sialylation of airway mucin impairs mucus transport by altering the biophysical properties of mucin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16568. [PMID: 39019950 PMCID: PMC11255327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66510-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucus stasis is a pathologic hallmark of muco-obstructive diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Mucins, the principal component of mucus, are extensively modified with hydroxyl (O)-linked glycans, which are largely terminated by sialic acid. Sialic acid is a negatively charged monosaccharide and contributes to the biochemical/biophysical properties of mucins. Reports suggest that mucin sialylation may be altered in CF; however, the consequences of reduced sialylation on mucus clearance have not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced sialylation on the charge state and conformation of the most prominent airway mucin, MUC5B, and defined the functional consequences of reduced sialylation on mucociliary transport (MCT). Reduced sialylation contributed to a lower charged MUC5B form and decreased polymer expansion. The inhibition of total mucin sialylation de novo impaired MCT in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and rat airways, and specific α-2,3 sialylation blockade was sufficient to recapitulate these findings. Finally, we show that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal1) expression is downregulated in CF and partially restored by correcting CFTR via Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor treatment. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of mucin sialylation in mucus clearance and identifies decreased sialylation by ST3Gal1 as a possible therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah J McIntire
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina Mazur
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | | | - Hui Min Leung
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd. Tinsley Harrison Tower, Suite 422, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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2
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Harris ES, McIntire HJ, Mazur M, Schulz-Hildebrandt H, Leung HM, Tearney GJ, Krick S, Rowe SM, Barnes JW. Reduced Sialylation of Airway Mucin Impairs Mucus Transport by Altering the Biophysical Properties of Mucin. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4421613. [PMID: 38853971 PMCID: PMC11160914 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4421613/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Mucus stasis is a pathologic hallmark of muco-obstructive diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Mucins, the principal component of mucus, are extensively modified with hydroxyl (O)-linked glycans, which are largely terminated by sialic acid. Sialic acid is a negatively charged monosaccharide and contributes to the biochemical/biophysical properties of mucins. Reports suggest that mucin sialylation may be altered in CF; however, the consequences of reduced sialylation on mucus clearance have not been fully determined. Here, we investigated the consequences of reduced sialylation on the charge state and conformation of the most prominent airway mucin, MUC5B, and defined the functional consequences of reduced sialylation on mucociliary transport (MCT). Reduced sialylation contributed to a lower charged MUC5B form and decreased polymer expansion. The inhibition of total mucin sialylation de novo impaired MCT in primary human bronchial epithelial cells and rat airways, and specific α-2,3 sialylation blockade was sufficient to recapitulate these findings. Finally, we show that ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3Gal1) expression is downregulated in CF and partially restored by correcting CFTR via Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor treatment. Overall, this study demonstrates the importance of mucin sialylation in mucus clearance and identifies decreased sialylation by ST3Gal1 as a possible therapeutic target in CF and potentially other muco-obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elex S Harris
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hannah J McIntire
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marina Mazur
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefanie Krick
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jarrod W Barnes
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, Univ. of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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3
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Sackville MA, Gillis JA, Brauner CJ. The origins of gas exchange and ion regulation in fish gills: evidence from structure and function. J Comp Physiol B 2024:10.1007/s00360-024-01545-5. [PMID: 38530435 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-024-01545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Gill function in gas exchange and ion regulation has played key roles in the evolution of fishes. In this review, we summarize data from the fields of palaeontology, developmental biology and comparative physiology for when and how the gills first acquired these functions. Data from across disciplines strongly supports a stem vertebrate origin for gas exchange structures and function at the gills with the emergence of larger, more active fishes. However, the recent discovery of putative ionocytes in extant cephalochordates and hemichordates suggests that ion regulation at gills might have originated much earlier than gas exchange, perhaps in the ciliated pharyngeal arches in the last common ancestor of deuterostomes. We hypothesize that the ancestral form of ion regulation served a filter-feeding function in the ciliated pharyngeal arches, and was later coopted in vertebrates to regulate extracellular ion and acid-base balance. We propose that future research should explore ionocyte homology and function across extant deuterostomes to test this hypothesis and others in order to determine the ancestral origins of ion regulation in fish gills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Andrew Gillis
- Bay Paul Centre, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Colin J Brauner
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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4
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Graeber SY, Mall MA. The future of cystic fibrosis treatment: from disease mechanisms to novel therapeutic approaches. Lancet 2023; 402:1185-1198. [PMID: 37699417 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
With the 2019 breakthrough in the development of highly effective modulator therapy providing unprecedented clinical benefits for over 90% of patients with cystic fibrosis who are genetically eligible for treatment, this rare disease has become a front runner of transformative molecular therapy. This success is based on fundamental research, which led to the identification of the disease-causing CFTR gene and our subsequent understanding of the disease mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis, working together with a continuously evolving clinical research and drug development pipeline. In this Series paper, we focus on advances since 2018, and remaining knowledge gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CFTR dysfunction in the airway epithelium and their links to mucus dysfunction, impaired host defences, airway infection, and chronic inflammation of the lungs of people with cystic fibrosis. We review progress in (and the remaining obstacles to) pharmacological approaches to rescue CFTR function, and novel strategies for improved symptomatic therapies for cystic fibrosis, including how these might be applicable to common lung diseases, such as bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Finally, we discuss the promise of genetic therapies and gene editing approaches to restore CFTR function in the lungs of all patients with cystic fibrosis independent of their CFTR genotype, and the unprecedented opportunities to transform cystic fibrosis from a fatal disease to a treatable and potentially curable one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Y Graeber
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, associated partner site, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Cystic Fibrosis Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, associated partner site, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Rapp K, Wei S, Roberts M, Yao S, Fei SS, Gao L, Ray K, Wang A, Godiah R, Han L. Transcriptional profiling of mucus production and modification in rhesus macaque endocervical cells under hormonal regulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.18.541362. [PMID: 37292621 PMCID: PMC10245652 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.18.541362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective Endocervical mucus production is a key regulator of fertility throughout the menstrual cycle. With cycle-dependent variability in mucus quality and quantity, cervical mucus can either facilitate or block sperm ascension into the upper female reproductive tract. This study seeks to identify genes involved in the hormonal regulation of mucus production, modification, and regulation through profiling the transcriptome of endocervical cells from the non-human primate, the Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta). Design Experimental. Setting Translational science laboratory. Intervention We treated differentiated primary endocervical cultures with estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) to mimic peri-ovulatory and luteal-phase hormonal changes. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified differential expression of gene pathways and mucus producing and modifying genes in cells treated with E2 compared to hormone-free conditions and E2 compared to E2-primed cells treated with P4. Main Outcome Measures We pursued differential gene expression analysis on RNA-sequenced cells. Sequence validation was done using qPCR. Results Our study identified 158 genes that show significant differential expression in E2-only conditions compared to hormone-free control, and 250 genes that show significant differential expression in P4-treated conditions compared to E2-only conditions. From this list, we found hormone-induced changes in transcriptional profiles for genes across several classes of mucus production, including ion channels and enzymes involved in post-translational mucin modification that have not previously been described as hormonally regulated. Conclusion Our study is the first to use an in vitro culture system to create an epithelial-cell specific transcriptome of the endocervix. As a result, our study identifies new genes and pathways that are altered by sex-steroids in cervical mucus production.
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6
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Ion regulation at gills precedes gas exchange and the origin of vertebrates. Nature 2022; 610:699-703. [PMID: 36261526 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gas exchange and ion regulation at gills have key roles in the evolution of vertebrates1-4. Gills are hypothesized to have first acquired these important homeostatic functions from the skin in stem vertebrates, facilitating the evolution of larger, more-active modes of life2,3,5. However, this hypothesis lacks functional support in relevant taxa. Here we characterize the function of gills and skin in a vertebrate (lamprey ammocoete; Entosphenus tridentatus), a cephalochordate (amphioxus; Branchiostoma floridae) and a hemichordate (acorn worm; Saccoglossus kowalevskii) with the presumed burrowing, filter-feeding traits of vertebrate ancestors6-9. We provide functional support for a vertebrate origin of gas exchange at the gills with increasing body size and activity, as direct measurements in vivo reveal that gills are the dominant site of gas exchange only in ammocoetes, and only with increasing body size or challenges to oxygen supply and demand. Conversely, gills of all three taxa are implicated in ion regulation. Ammocoete gills are responsible for all ion flux at all body sizes, whereas molecular markers for ion regulation are higher in the gills than in the skin of amphioxus and acorn worms. This suggests that ion regulation at gills has an earlier origin than gas exchange that is unrelated to vertebrate size and activity-perhaps at the very inception of pharyngeal pores in stem deuterostomes.
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7
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Mucins and CFTR: Their Close Relationship. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810232. [PMID: 36142171 PMCID: PMC9499620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance is a critical defense mechanism for the lungs governed by regionally coordinated epithelial cellular activities, including mucin secretion, cilia beating, and transepithelial ion transport. Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, is characterized by failed mucociliary clearance due to abnormal mucus biophysical properties. In recent years, with the development of highly effective modulator therapies, the quality of life of a significant number of people living with CF has greatly improved; however, further understanding the cellular biology relevant to CFTR and airway mucus biochemical interactions are necessary to develop novel therapies aimed at restoring CFTR gene expression in the lungs. In this article, we discuss recent advances of transcriptome analysis at single-cell levels that revealed a heretofore unanticipated close relationship between secretory MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins and CFTR in the lungs. In addition, we review recent findings on airway mucus biochemical and biophysical properties, focusing on how mucin secretion and CFTR-mediated ion transport are integrated to maintain airway mucus homeostasis in health and how CFTR dysfunction and restoration of function affect mucus properties.
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8
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Dickey BF, Lai Y, Frick M, Brunger AT. Discovery of a drug to treat airway mucus hypersecretion. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e972. [PMID: 35908252 PMCID: PMC9339237 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Burton F. Dickey
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Ying Lai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology Ulm University Ulm Germany
| | - Axel T. Brunger
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology Stanford University Stanford California USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute Stanford University Stanford California USA
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9
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Al-Hosni R, Ilkan Z, Agostinelli E, Tammaro P. The pharmacology of the TMEM16A channel: therapeutic opportunities. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2022; 43:712-725. [PMID: 35811176 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The TMEM16A Ca2+-gated Cl- channel is involved in a variety of vital physiological functions and may be targeted pharmacologically for therapeutic benefit in diseases such as hypertension, stroke, and cystic fibrosis (CF). The determination of the TMEM16A structure and high-throughput screening efforts, alongside ex vivo and in vivo animal studies and clinical investigations, are hastening our understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of this channel. Here, we offer a critical analysis of recent developments in TMEM16A pharmacology and reflect on the therapeutic opportunities provided by this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumaitha Al-Hosni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Zeki Ilkan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Emilio Agostinelli
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paolo Tammaro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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10
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Ramond E, Lepissier A, Ding X, Bouvier C, Tan X, Euphrasie D, Monbernard P, Dupuis M, Saubaméa B, Nemazanyy I, Nassif X, Ferroni A, Sermet-Gaudelus I, Charbit A, Coureuil M, Jamet A. Lung-adapted Staphylococcus aureus isolates with dysfunctional agr system trigger a proinflammatory response. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:1276-1285. [PMID: 35524969 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus (Sa) dominates the lung microbiota of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) children and persistent clones are able to establish chronic infection for years, having a direct deleterious impact on lung function. However, in this context, the exact contribution of Sa to the decline in respiratory function in CF children is not elucidated. METHODS To investigate the contribution of persistent S. aureus clones in CF disease, we undertook the analysis of sequential isogenic isolates recovered from 15 young CF patients. RESULTS Using an Air-Liquid infection model, we observed a strong correlation between Sa adaption in the lung (late isolates), low toxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Conversely, early isolates appeared to be highly cytotoxic but did not promote cytokine secretion. We found that cytokine secretion was dependent on Staphylococcal protein A (Spa), which was selectively expressed in late compared to early isolates as a consequence of dysfunctional agr quorum-sensing system. Finally, we demonstrated the involvement of TNF-α receptor 1 signaling in the inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells to these lung-adapted Sa isolates. CONCLUSION Our results suggest an unexpected direct role of bacterial lung adaptation in the progression of chronic lung disease by promoting a pro-inflammatory response through acquired agr dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Ramond
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Lepissier
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Epithelial channellopathies, Cystic Fibrosis and other diseases, Paris, France
| | - Xiongqi Ding
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Clémence Bouvier
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Xin Tan
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Euphrasie
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Monbernard
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Marion Dupuis
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Cellular and Molecular Imaging facility, INSERM US25, UMS3612 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Plateforme Etude du métabolisme, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker INSERM US24-CNRS UMS 3633, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nassif
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Ferroni
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Epithelial channellopathies, Cystic Fibrosis and other diseases, Paris, France
| | - Alain Charbit
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Coureuil
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France
| | - Anne Jamet
- Université de Paris; Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1151 - CNRS UMR 8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades. Team: Pathogenesis of Systemic Infections, Paris, France.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France
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11
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:347-369. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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12
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Bijvelds MJC, Roos FJM, Meijsen KF, Roest HP, Verstegen MMA, Janssens HM, van der Laan LJW, de Jonge HR. Rescue of chloride and bicarbonate transport by elexacaftor-ivacaftor-tezacaftor in organoid-derived CF intestinal and cholangiocyte monolayers. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:537-543. [PMID: 34922851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-dependent bicarbonate secretion precipitates the accumulation of viscous mucus in the lumen of respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelial tissues. We investigated whether the combination of elexacaftor (ELX), ivacaftor (IVA) and tezacaftor (TEZ), apart from its well-documented effect on chloride transport, also restores Phe508del-CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport. METHODS Epithelial monolayers were cultured from intestinal and biliary (cholangiocyte) organoids of homozygous Phe508del-CFTR patients and controls. Transcriptome sequencing was performed, and bicarbonate and chloride transport were assessed in the presence or absence of ELX/IVA/TEZ, using the intestinal current measurement technique. RESULTS ELX/IVA/TEZ markedly enhanced bicarbonate and chloride transport across intestinal epithelium. In biliary epithelium, it failed to enhance CFTR-mediated bicarbonate transport but effectively rescued CFTR-mediated chloride transport, known to be requisite for bicarbonate secretion through the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger AE2 (SLC4A2), which was highly expressed by cholangiocytes. Biliary but not intestinal epithelial cells expressed an alternative anion channel, anoctamin-1/TMEM16A (ANO1), and secreted bicarbonate and chloride upon purinergic receptor stimulation. CONCLUSIONS ELX/IVA/TEZ has the potential to restore both chloride and bicarbonate secretion across CF intestinal and biliary epithelia and may counter luminal hyper-acidification in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel J C Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Floris J M Roos
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kelly F Meijsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk P Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hettie M Janssens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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TMEM16A/ANO1: Current Strategies and Novel Drug Approaches for Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112867. [PMID: 34831090 PMCID: PMC8616501 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common of rare hereditary diseases in Caucasians, and it is estimated to affect 75,000 patients globally. CF is a complex disease due to the multiplicity of mutations found in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene causing the CFTR protein to become dysfunctional. Correctors and potentiators have demonstrated good clinical outcomes for patients with specific gene mutations; however, there are still patients for whom those treatments are not suitable and require alternative CFTR-independent strategies. Although CFTR is the main chloride channel in the lungs, others could, e.g., anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A), compensate for the deficiency of CFTR. This review summarizes the current knowledge on calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) ANO1 and presents ANO1 as an exciting target in CF.
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14
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Okuda K, Dang H, Kobayashi Y, Carraro G, Nakano S, Chen G, Kato T, Asakura T, Gilmore RC, Morton LC, Lee RE, Mascenik T, Yin WN, Barbosa Cardenas SM, O'Neal YK, Minnick CE, Chua M, Quinney NL, Gentzsch M, Anderson CW, Ghio A, Matsui H, Nagase T, Ostrowski LE, Grubb BR, Olsen JC, Randell SH, Stripp BR, Tata PR, O'Neal WK, Boucher RC. Secretory Cells Dominate Airway CFTR Expression and Function in Human Airway Superficial Epithelia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021; 203:1275-1289. [PMID: 33321047 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202008-3198oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Identification of the specific cell types expressing CFTR (cystic fibrosis [CF] transmembrane conductance regulator) is required for precision medicine therapies for CF. However, a full characterization of CFTR expression in normal human airway epithelia is missing. Objectives: To identify the cell types that contribute to CFTR expression and function within the proximal-distal axis of the normal human lung. Methods: Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on freshly isolated human large and small airway epithelial cells. scRNA in situ hybridization (ISH) and single-cell qRT-PCR were performed for validation. In vitro culture systems correlated CFTR function with cell types. Lentiviruses were used for cell type-specific transduction of wild-type CFTR in CF cells. Measurements and Main Results: scRNA-seq identified secretory cells as dominating CFTR expression in normal human large and, particularly, small airway superficial epithelia, followed by basal cells. Ionocytes expressed the highest CFTR levels but were rare, whereas the expression in ciliated cells was infrequent and low. scRNA ISH and single-cell qRT-PCR confirmed the scRNA-seq findings. CF lungs exhibited distributions of CFTR and ionocytes similar to those of normal control subjects. CFTR mediated Cl- secretion in cultures tracked secretory cell, but not ionocyte, densities. Furthermore, the nucleotide-purinergic regulatory system that controls CFTR-mediated hydration was associated with secretory cells and not with ionocytes. Lentiviral transduction of wild-type CFTR produced CFTR-mediated Cl- secretion in CF airway secretory cells but not in ciliated cells. Conclusions: Secretory cells dominate CFTR expression and function in human airway superficial epithelia. CFTR therapies may need to restore CFTR function to multiple cell types, with a focus on secretory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Hong Dang
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianni Carraro
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Gang Chen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Takafumi Kato
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Lisa C Morton
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | - Rhianna E Lee
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Wei-Ning Yin
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | | | - Michael Chua
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | | | - Carlton W Anderson
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Andrew Ghio
- Clinical Research Branch, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Hirotoshi Matsui
- Center for Respiratory Disease, National Hospital Organization Tokyo Hospital, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - John C Olsen
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
| | | | - Barry R Stripp
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Wanda K O'Neal
- Marsico Lung Institute/Cystic Fibrosis Research Center and
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Ruksakiet K, Stercz B, Tóth G, Jaikumpun P, Gróf I, Tengölics R, Lohinai ZM, Horváth P, Deli MA, Steward MC, Dobay O, Zsembery Á. Bicarbonate Evokes Reciprocal Changes in Intracellular Cyclic di-GMP and Cyclic AMP Levels in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10060519. [PMID: 34200909 PMCID: PMC8230467 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in CF patients. Cyclic di-GMP and cyclic AMP are second messengers regulating the bacterial lifestyle transition in response to environmental signals. We aimed to investigate the effects of extracellular pH and bicarbonate on intracellular c-di-GMP and cAMP levels, and on biofilm formation. P. aeruginosa was inoculated in a brain−heart infusion medium supplemented with 25 and 50 mM NaCl in ambient air (pH adjusted to 7.4 and 7.7 respectively), or with 25 and 50 mM NaHCO3 in 5% CO2 (pH 7.4 and 7.7). After 16 h incubation, c-di-GMP and cAMP were extracted and their concentrations determined. Biofilm formation was investigated using an xCelligence real-time cell analyzer and by crystal violet assay. Our results show that HCO3− exposure decreased c-di-GMP and increased cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Biofilm formation was also reduced after 48 h exposure to HCO3−. The reciprocal changes in second messenger concentrations were not influenced by changes in medium pH or osmolality. These findings indicate that HCO3− per se modulates the levels of c-di-GMP and cAMP, thereby inhibiting biofilm formation and promoting the planktonic lifestyle of the bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Gergő Tóth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- HCEMM-BRC Metabolic Systems Biology Laboratory, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt M. Lohinai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (P.H.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Martin C. Steward
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (B.S.); (O.D.)
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (K.R.); (P.J.); (M.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Shan W, Hu Y, Ding J, Yang X, Lou J, Du Q, Liao Q, Luo L, Xu J, Xie R. Advances in Ca 2+ modulation of gastrointestinal anion secretion and its dysregulation in digestive disorders (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:8. [PMID: 32934673 PMCID: PMC7471861 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is a critical cell signaling component in gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt), as a secondary messenger, controls GI epithelial fluid and ion transport, mucus and neuropeptide secretion, as well as synaptic transmission and motility. The key roles of Ca2+ signaling in other types of secretory cell (including those in the airways and salivary glands) are well known. However, its action in GI epithelial secretion and the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. The present review focused on the role of [Ca2+]cyt in GI epithelial anion secretion. Ca2+ signaling regulates the activities of ion channels and transporters involved in GI epithelial ion and fluid transport, including Cl- channels, Ca2+-activated K+ channels, cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator and anion/HCO3- exchangers. Previous studies by the current researchers have focused on this field over several years, providing solid evidence that Ca2+ signaling has an important role in the regulation of GI epithelial anion secretion and uncovering underlying molecular mechanisms. The present review is largely based on previous studies by the current researchers and provides an overview of the currently known molecular mechanisms of GI epithelial anion secretion with an emphasis on Ca2+-mediated ion secretion and its dysregulation in GI disorders. In addition, previous studies by the current researchers demonstrated that different regulatory mechanisms are in place for GI epithelial HCO3- and Cl- secretion. An increased understanding of the roles of Ca2+ signaling and its targets in GI anion secretion may lead to the development of novel strategies to inhibit GI diseases, including the enhancement of fluid secretion in CF and protection of the GI mucosa in ulcer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Yanxia Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jianhong Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Qiushi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Luo
- Department of Oncology and Geriatrics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Chishui City, Guizhou 564700, P.R. China
| | - Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Multi-dimensional clinical phenotyping of a national cohort of adult cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 20:91-96. [PMID: 32948498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multi-systemic disorder resulting from genetic variation in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene which can result in bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, pancreatic malabsorption, cholestatic liver disease and distal intestinal obstructive syndrome. This study generates multi-dimensional clinical phenotypes that capture the complexity and spectrum of the disease manifestations seen in adult CF patients using statistically robust techniques. METHODS Pre-transplant clinical data from adult (age ≥18 years) CF patients (n = 992) seen in six regionally distinct US CF centers between 1/1/2014 and 6/30/2015 were included. Demographic, spirometry, nutritional, microbiological and therapy data were used to generate clusters using the Random Forests statistical-learning and Partitioning around Medoids (PAM) clustering algorithms. Five commonly measured demographic, physiological and nutritional parameters were needed to create the final phenotypes that are highly similar to a regionally matched group of patients from the CF Foundation Patient Registry RESULTS: This approach identified high-risk phenotypes with expected characteristics including high rates of pancreatic insufficiency, diabetes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization. It also identified unexpected populations including a) a male-dominated, well-nourished group with good lung function with a high prevalence of severe genotypes (i.e. 60% subjects had two minimal function CFTR variations), b) and an older, "survivor" phenotype that had high rates of chronic P. aeruginosa infection. CONCLUSIONS This study identified recognizable phenotypes that capture the clinical complexity in a statistically robust manner and which may aide in the identification of specific genetic and environmental factors responsible for these disease manifestation patterns.
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18
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Mall MA, Mayer-Hamblett N, Rowe SM. Cystic Fibrosis: Emergence of Highly Effective Targeted Therapeutics and Potential Clinical Implications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 201:1193-1208. [PMID: 31860331 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201910-1943so] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains the most common life-shortening hereditary disease in white populations, with high morbidity and mortality related to chronic airway mucus obstruction, inflammation, infection, and progressive lung damage. In 1989, the discovery that CF is caused by mutations in the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene that encodes a cAMP-dependent anion channel vital for proper Cl- and HCO3- transport across epithelial surfaces provided a solid foundation for unraveling underlying disease mechanisms and the development of therapeutics targeting the basic defect in people with CF. In this review, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular defects caused by different classes of CFTR mutations, implications for pharmacological rescue of mutant CFTR, and insights into how CFTR dysfunction impairs key host defense mechanisms, such as mucociliary clearance and bacterial killing in CF airways. Furthermore, we review the path that led to the recent breakthrough in the development of highly effective CFTR-directed therapeutics, now applicable for up to 90% of people with CF who carry responsive CFTR mutations, including those with just a single copy of the most common F508del mutation. Finally, we discuss the remaining challenges and strategies to develop highly effective targeted therapies for all patients and the unprecedented potential of these novel therapies to transform CF from a fatal to a treatable chronic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology, and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Mayer-Hamblett
- Department of Pediatrics and.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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19
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Shin DH, Kim M, Kim Y, Jun I, Jung J, Nam JH, Cheng MH, Lee MG. Bicarbonate permeation through anion channels: its role in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1003-1018. [PMID: 32621085 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many anion channels, frequently referred as Cl- channels, are permeable to different anions in addition to Cl-. As the second-most abundant anion in the human body, HCO3- permeation via anion channels has many important physiological roles. In addition to its classical role as an intracellular pH regulator, HCO3- also controls the activity and stability of dissolved proteins in bodily fluids such as saliva, pancreatic juice, intestinal fluid, and airway surface liquid. Moreover, HCO3- permeation through these channels affects membrane potentials that are the driving forces for transmembrane transport of solutes and water in epithelia and affect neuronal excitability in nervous tissue. Consequently, aberrant HCO3- transport via anion channels causes a number of human diseases in respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and neuronal systems. Notably, recent studies have shown that the HCO3- permeabilities of several anion channels are not fixed and can be altered by cellular stimuli, findings which may have both physiological and pathophysiological significance. In this review, we summarize recent progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of HCO3- permeation through anion channels. We hope that the present discussions can stimulate further research into this very important topic, which will provide the basis for human disorders associated with aberrant HCO3- transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Minjae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yonjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- The Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jinsei Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Nam
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, 123 Dongdae-ro, Kyungju, 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Mary Hongying Cheng
- Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Min Goo Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Gróf I, Bocsik A, Harazin A, Santa-Maria AR, Vizsnyiczai G, Barna L, Kiss L, Fűr G, Rakonczay Z, Ambrus R, Szabó-Révész P, Gosselet F, Jaikumpun P, Szabó H, Zsembery Á, Deli MA. The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate, a Beneficial Adjuvant Molecule in Cystic Fibrosis, on Bronchial Epithelial Cells Expressing a Wild-Type or Mutant CFTR Channel. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114024. [PMID: 32512832 PMCID: PMC7312297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental results with inhaled sodium bicarbonate as an adjuvant therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) are promising due to its mucolytic and bacteriostatic properties, but its direct effect has not been studied on respiratory epithelial cells. Our aim was to establish and characterize co-culture models of human CF bronchial epithelial (CFBE) cell lines expressing a wild-type (WT) or mutant (deltaF508) CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel with human vascular endothelial cells and investigate the effects of bicarbonate. Vascular endothelial cells induced better barrier properties in CFBE cells as reflected by the higher resistance and lower permeability values. Activation of CFTR by cAMP decreased the electrical resistance in WT but not in mutant CFBE cell layers confirming the presence and absence of functional channels, respectively. Sodium bicarbonate (100 mM) was well-tolerated by CFBE cells: it slightly reduced the impedance of WT but not that of the mutant CFBE cells. Sodium bicarbonate significantly decreased the more-alkaline intracellular pH of the mutant CFBE cells, while the barrier properties of the models were only minimally changed. These observations indicate that sodium bicarbonate is beneficial to deltaF508-CFTR expressing CFBE cells. Thus, sodium bicarbonate may have a direct therapeutic effect on the bronchial epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gróf
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Bocsik
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - András Harazin
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Raquel Santa-Maria
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gaszton Vizsnyiczai
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
| | - Lilla Barna
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lóránd Kiss
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Gabriella Fűr
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary; (L.K.); (G.F.); (Z.R.J.)
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Piroska Szabó-Révész
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (R.A.); (P S.-R.)
| | - Fabien Gosselet
- Blood-Brain Barrier Laboratory, UR 2465, Artois University, F-62300 Lens, France;
| | - Pongsiri Jaikumpun
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Hajnalka Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Fejér County Szent György University Teaching Hospital, H-8000 Székesfehérvár, Hungary;
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1089 Budapest, Hungary; (P.J.); (Á.Z.)
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (I.G.); (A.B.); (A.H.); (A.R.S.-M.); (G.V.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Safety, Tolerability, and Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis. Clin Drug Investig 2020; 40:105-117. [PMID: 31721070 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-019-00861-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the many consequences of loss of CFTR protein function, a significant reduction of the secretion of bicarbonate (HCO3-) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is a major pathogenic feature. Loss of HCO3- leads to abnormally low pH and impaired mucus clearance in airways and other exocrine organs, which suggests that NaHCO3 inhalation may be a low-cost, easily accessible therapy for CF. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and effects of inhaled aerosols of NaHCO3 solutions (4.2% and 8.4%). METHODS An experimental, prospective, open-label, pilot, clinical study was conducted with 12 CF volunteer participants over 18 years of age with bronchiectasis and pulmonary functions classified as mildly to severely depressed. Sputum rheology, pH, and microbiology were examined as well as spirometry, exercise performance, quality-of-life assessments, dyspnea, blood count, and venous blood gas levels. RESULTS Sputum pH increased immediately after inhalation of NaHCO3 at each clinical visit and was inversely correlated with rheology when all parameters were evaluated: [G' (elasticity of the mucus) = - 0.241; G″ (viscosity of the mucus) = - 0.287; G* (viscoelasticity of the mucus) = - 0.275]. G* and G' were slightly correlated with peak flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and quality of life; G″ was correlated with quality of life; sputum pH was correlated with oxygen consumption (VO2) and vitality score in quality of life. No changes were observed in blood count, venous blood gas, respiratory rate, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), body temperature, or incidence of dyspnea. No adverse events associated with the study were observed. CONCLUSION Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation appears to be a safe and well tolerated potential therapeutic agent in the management of CF. Nebulized NaHCO3 inhalation temporarily elevates airway liquid pH and reduces sputum viscosity and viscoelasticity.
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Liao YSJ, Kuan SP, Guevara MV, Collins EN, Atanasova KR, Dadural JS, Vogt K, Schurmann V, Bravo L, Eken E, Sponchiado M, Reznikov LR. Acid exposure disrupts mucus secretion and impairs mucociliary transport in neonatal piglet airways. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L873-L887. [PMID: 32160007 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00025.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenacious mucus produced by tracheal and bronchial submucosal glands is a defining feature of several airway diseases, including cystic fibrosis (CF). Airway acidification as a driving force of CF airway pathology has been controversial. Here we tested the hypothesis that transient airway acidification produces pathologic mucus and impairs mucociliary transport. We studied pigs challenged with intra-airway acid. Acid had a minimal effect on mucus properties under basal conditions. However, cholinergic stimulation in acid-challenged pigs revealed retention of mucin 5B (MUC5B) in the submucosal glands, decreased concentrations of MUC5B in the lung lavage fluid, and airway obstruction. To more closely mimic a CF-like environment, we also examined mucus secretion and transport following cholinergic stimulation under diminished bicarbonate and chloride transport conditions ex vivo. Under these conditions, airways from acid-challenged pigs displayed extensive mucus films and decreased mucociliary transport. Pretreatment with diminazene aceturate, a small molecule with ability to inhibit acid detection through blockade of the acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) at the doses provided, did not prevent acid-induced pathologic mucus or transport defects but did mitigate airway obstruction. These findings suggest that transient airway acidification early in life has significant impacts on mucus secretion and transport properties. Furthermore, they highlight diminazene aceturate as an agent that might be beneficial in alleviating airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shin J Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shin Ping Kuan
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Maria V Guevara
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Emily N Collins
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Joshua S Dadural
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kevin Vogt
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Veronica Schurmann
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Laura Bravo
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eda Eken
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mariana Sponchiado
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Ehre C. [Mucus buildup: the starting point of cystic fibrosis lung disease pathogenesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 35:1217-1220. [PMID: 31903945 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ehre
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, États-Unis - Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, États-Unis
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24
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Hughes GW, Ridley C, Collins R, Roseman A, Ford R, Thornton DJ. The MUC5B mucin polymer is dominated by repeating structural motifs and its topology is regulated by calcium and pH. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17350. [PMID: 31758042 PMCID: PMC6874590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53768-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymeric mucin MUC5B provides the structural and functional framework of respiratory mucus, conferring both viscoelastic and antimicrobial properties onto this vital protective barrier. Whilst it is established that MUC5B forms disulfide-linked linear polymers, how this relates to their packaging in secretory granules, and their molecular form in mucus remain to be fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of the central heavily O-glycosylated mucin domains in MUC5B conformation is incompletely described. Here we have completed a detailed structural analysis on native MUC5B polymers purified from saliva and subsequently investigated how MUC5B conformation is affected by changes in calcium concentration and pH, factors important for mucin intragranular packaging and post-secretory expansion. The results identify that MUC5B has a beaded structure repeating along the polymer axis and suggest that these repeating motifs arise from distinct glycosylation patterns. Moreover, we demonstrate that the conformation of these highly entangled linear polymers is sensitive to calcium concentration and changes in pH. In the presence of calcium (Ca2+, 10 mM) at pH 5.0, MUC5B adopted a compact conformation which was lost either upon removal of calcium with EGTA, or by increasing the pH to 7.4. These results suggest a pathway of mucin collapse to enable intracellular packaging and mechanisms driving mucin expansion following secretion. They also point to the importance of the tight control of calcium and pH during different stages of mucin biosynthesis and secretion, and in the generation of correct mucus barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth W Hughes
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Caroline Ridley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Richard Collins
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Alan Roseman
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Robert Ford
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - David J Thornton
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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25
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Atanasova KR, Reznikov LR. Strategies for measuring airway mucus and mucins. Respir Res 2019; 20:261. [PMID: 31752894 PMCID: PMC6873701 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus secretion and mucociliary transport are essential defense mechanisms of the airways. Deviations in mucus composition and secretion can impede mucociliary transport and elicit airway obstruction. As such, mucus abnormalities are hallmark features of many respiratory diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studying mucus composition and its physical properties has therefore been of significant interest both clinically and scientifically. Yet, measuring mucus production, output, composition and transport presents several challenges. Here we summarize and discuss the advantages and limitations of several techniques from five broadly characterized strategies used to measure mucus secretion, composition and mucociliary transport, with an emphasis on the gel-forming mucins. Further, we summarize advances in the field, as well as suggest potential areas of improvement moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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26
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Chloride Conductance, Nasal Potential Difference and Cystic Fibrosis Pathophysiology. Lung 2019; 198:151-156. [PMID: 31734731 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-019-00293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multisystem genetic disease caused by dysfunction of the epithelial anionic channel Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR). Decreased mucociliary clearance because of thickened mucus is part of the pulmonary disease pathophysiology. It is controversial if the thickened airway surface liquid (ASL) is caused by the deficient chloride secretion and excessive sodium (through ENaC) and water hyperabsorption from the periciliar fluid or by the lack of bicarbonate secretion with relative acidification of the ASL. Correlations between the magnitude of in vivo chloride conductance with phenotypic characteristics and CF genotype can help to elucidate these mechanisms and direct to new treatments. METHODS Nasal potential difference was measured in 28 CF patients (age from 0.3 to 28 year) and correlated with pulmonary function, pancreatic phenotype, pulmonary colonization and genotype severity. RESULTS The CFTR-chloride conductance was better in older patients (r = 0.40; P = 0.03), in patients with better pulmonary function (r = 0.48; P = 0.01), and was associated with genotype severity. Higher chloride diffusion in the presence of a favorable chemical gradient was associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa negativity (P < 0.05). More negative NPDmax was associated with pancreatic insufficiency (P < 0.01) as well with genotype severity, but not with the pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS The anion permeability through CFTR, mainly chloride, but bicarbonate as well, is the most critical factor in CF airway pathophysiology. Treatments primarily directed to correct CFTR function and/or airway acidity are clearly a priority.
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Kim V, Evans CM, Dickey BF. Dawn of a New Era in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Airway Mucus Dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 199:133-134. [PMID: 30252497 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201808-1444ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kim
- 1 Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher M Evans
- 2 Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine Aurora, Colorado and
| | - Burton F Dickey
- 3 Department of Pulmonary Medicine University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Texas
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28
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Markovic MA, Brubaker PL. The roles of glucagon-like peptide-2 and the intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in regulating microvillus length. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13010. [PMID: 31506583 PMCID: PMC6737075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvilli are tiny projections on the apical end of enterocytes, aiding in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. One of their key features is uniform length, but how this is regulated is poorly understood. Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has been shown to increase microvillus length but, the requirement of its downstream mediator, the intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IE-IGF-1R), and the microvillus proteins acted upon by GLP-2, remain unknown. Using IE-IGF-1R knockout (KO) mice, treated with either long-acting human (h) (GLY2)GLP-2 or vehicle for 11d, it was found that the h(GLY2)GLP-2-induced increase in microvillus length required the IE-IGF-1R. Furthermore, IE-IGF-1R KO alone resulted in a significant decrease in microvillus length. Examination of the brush border membrane proteome as well as of whole jejunal mucosa demonstrated that villin was increased with h(GLY2)GLP-2 treatment in an IE-IGF-1R-dependent manner. Under both basal conditions and with h(GLY2)GLP-2 treatment of the IE-IGF-1R KO mice, changes in villin, IRTKS-1, harmonin, β-actin, and myosin-1a did not explain the decrease in microvillus length, in either the brush border or jejunal mucosa of KO animals. Collectively, these studies define a new role for the IE-IGF-1R within the microvillus, in both the signaling cascade induced by GLP-2, as well as endogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A Markovic
- Department of Physiology Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. .,Department of Medicine Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The physiologic importance of fast CO2/HCO3- interconversion in various tissues requires the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). Fourteen CA isozymes are present in humans, all of them being used as biomarkers. AREAS COVERED A great number of patents and articles were focused on the use of CA isozymes as biomarkers for various diseases and syndromes in the recent years, in an ascending trend over the last decade. The review highlights the most important studies related with each isozyme and covers the most recent patent literature. EXPERT OPINION The CAs biomarker research area expanded significantly in recent years, shifting from the predominant use of CA IX and CA XII in cancer diagnostic, staging, and prognosis towards a wider use of CA isozymes as disease biomarkers. CA isozymes are currently used either alone, in tandem with other CA isozymes and/or in combination with other proteins for the detection, staging, and prognosis of a huge repertoire of human dysfunctions and diseases, ranging from mild transformation of the normal tissues to extreme shifts in tissue organization and function. The techniques used for their detection/quantitation and the state-of-the-art in each clinical application are presented through relevant clinical examples and corresponding statistical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Zamanova
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ahmed M Shabana
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Utpal K Mondal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Marc A Ilies
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Temple Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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30
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Shamsuddin AKM, Quinton PM. Concurrent absorption and secretion of airway surface liquids and bicarbonate secretion in human bronchioles. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L953-L960. [PMID: 30838869 PMCID: PMC6589593 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00545.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although small airways account for the largest fraction of the total conducting airway surfaces, the epithelial fluid and electrolyte transport in small, native airway epithelia has not been well characterized. Investigations have been limited, no doubt, by the complex tissue architecture as well as by its inaccessibility, small dimensions, and lack of applicable assays, especially in human tissues. To better understand how the critically thin layer of airway surface liquid (ASL) is maintained, we applied a "capillary"-Ussing chamber (area ≈1 mm2) to measure ion transport properties of bronchioles with diameters of ~2 mm isolated from resected specimens of excised human lungs. We found that the small human airway, constitutively and concurrently, secretes and absorbs fluid as observed in porcine small airways (50). We found that the human bronchiolar epithelium is also highly anion selective and constitutively secretes bicarbonate ( HCO 3 - ), which can be enhanced pharmacologically by cAMP as well as Ca2+-mediated agonists. Concurrent secretion and absorption of surface liquid along with HCO 3 - secretion help explain how the delicate volume of the fluid lining the human small airway is physiologically buffered and maintained in a steady state that avoids desiccating or flooding the small airway with ASL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Shamsuddin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California
| | - Paul M Quinton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California , San Diego, California
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California
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31
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Bono-Neri F, Romano C, Isedeh A. Cystic Fibrosis: Advancing Along the Continuum. J Pediatr Health Care 2019; 33:242-254. [PMID: 30529125 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder resulting from a mutation in the gene which encodes a cellular transmembrane protein channel known as the CF transmembrane conductance regulator. Located systemically on the surface of numerous cells, these altered channels yield multisystem dysfunction. Typical manifestations seen are chronic, progressive, obstructive lung disease, pancreatic insufficiency, CF-related diabetes mellitus, malabsorption and malnutrition, liver disease, and infertility.Once considered a pediatric disorder, through developments in innovative care and therapeutic modalities, CF now spans the life continuum and has established itself as an ageless disease. Facing management of maturing-life issues, advanced practice nurses (APNs) in pediatrics now find themselves needing to collaborate with or facilitate transition of care to other APNs, such as nurse midwives and adult APNs, as well as their counterpart specialists in medicine, all while maintaining open communication with the patient, family and managing CF center.
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32
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Airway surface liquid acidification initiates host defense abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6516. [PMID: 31019198 PMCID: PMC6482305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by defective Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. Morbidity is mainly due to early airway infection. We hypothesized that S. aureus clearance during the first hours of infection was impaired in CF human Airway Surface Liquid (ASL) because of a lowered pH. The ASL pH of human bronchial epithelial cell lines and primary respiratory cells from healthy controls (WT) and patients with CF was measured with a pH microelectrode. The antimicrobial capacity of airway cells was studied after S. aureus apical infection by counting surviving bacteria. ASL was significantly more acidic in CF than in WT respiratory cells. This was consistent with a defect in bicarbonate secretion involving CFTR and SLC26A4 (pendrin) and a persistent proton secretion by ATP12A. ASL demonstrated a defect in S. aureus clearance which was improved by pH normalization. Pendrin inhibition in WT airways recapitulated the CF airway defect and increased S. aureus proliferation. ATP12A inhibition by ouabain decreased bacterial proliferation. Antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and hBD1 demonstrated a pH-dependent activity. Normalizing ASL pH might improve innate airway defense in newborns with CF during onset of S. aureus infection. Pendrin activation and ATP12A inhibition could represent novel therapeutic strategies to normalize pH in CF airways.
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33
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Enns CB, Harding JCS, Loewen ME. Decreased electrogenic anionic secretory response in the porcine colon following in vivo challenge with Brachyspira spp. supports an altered mucin environment. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G495-G508. [PMID: 30629469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00348.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Brachyspira spp. cause diarrheal disease in multiple animal species by colonization of the colon, resulting in colitis, mucus induction, and disrupted ion transport. Unique to spirochete pathogenesis is the immense production of mucus, resulting in a niche mucin environment likely favoring spirochete colonization. Mucin rheological properties are heavily influenced by anionic secretion, and loss of secretory function has been implicated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. Here, the effects on the agonist-induced electrogenic anionic secretory response by infectious colonic spirochete bacteria Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Brachyspira hampsonii were assessed in the proximal, apex, and distal sections of colon in Ussing chambers. Activation of secretion via isoproterenol, carbachol, and forskolin/3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine demonstrated a significantly decreased change in short-circuit current ( Isc) in Brachyspira-infected pigs in all sections. Tissue resistances did not account for this difference, rather, it was attributed to a decrease in anionic secretion as indicated by a decrease in bumetanide inhibitable Isc. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot analyses determined that the major anionic channels of the epithelium were downregulated in diarrheic pigs paired with altered mucin gene expression. The investigated cytokines were not responsible for the downregulation of anion channel gene transcripts. Although IL-1α was upregulated in all segments, it did not alter cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mRNA expression in Caco-2 monolayers. However, a whole cell Brachyspira hampsonii lysate significantly reduced CFTR mRNA expression in Caco-2 monolayers. Together, these findings indicate that these two Brachyspira spp. may directly cause a decreased anionic secretory response in the porcine colon, supporting an altered mucin environment likely favoring spirochete colonization. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research demonstrates for the first time that the niche mucin environment produced by two infectious spirochete spp. is supported by a decrease in the electrogenic anionic secretory response throughout the porcine colon. Our findings suggest that the host's cytokine response is not likely responsible for the decrease in anionic secretory function. Rather, it appears that Brachyspira spp. directly impede ion channel transcription and translation, potentially altering colonic mucin rheological properties, which may favor spirochete colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole B Enns
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
| | - Matthew E Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Canada
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Seidler U, Nikolovska K. Slc26 Family of Anion Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract: Expression, Function, Regulation, and Role in Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:839-872. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Kiedrowski MR, Bomberger JM. Viral-Bacterial Co-infections in the Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Tract. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3067. [PMID: 30619379 PMCID: PMC6306490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A majority of the morbidity and mortality associated with the genetic disease Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is due to lung disease resulting from chronic respiratory infections. The CF airways become chronically colonized with bacteria in childhood, and over time commensal lung microbes are displaced by bacterial pathogens, leading to a decrease in microbial diversity that correlates with declining patient health. Infection with the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major predictor of morbidity and mortality in CF, with CF individuals often becoming chronically colonized with P. aeruginosa in early adulthood and thereafter having an increased risk of hospitalization. Progression of CF respiratory disease is also influenced by infection with respiratory viruses. Children and adults with CF experience frequent respiratory viral infections with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, and adenovirus, with RSV and influenza infection linked to the greatest decreases in lung function. Along with directly causing severe respiratory symptoms in CF populations, the impact of respiratory virus infections may be more far-reaching, indirectly promoting bacterial persistence and pathogenesis in the CF respiratory tract. Acquisition of P. aeruginosa in CF patients correlates with seasonal respiratory virus infections, and CF patients colonized with P. aeruginosa experience increased severe exacerbations and declines in lung function during respiratory viral co-infection. In light of such observations, efforts to better understand the impact of viral-bacterial co-infections in the CF airways have been a focus of clinical and basic research in recent years. This review summarizes what has been learned about the interactions between viruses and bacteria in the CF upper and lower respiratory tract and how co-infections impact the health of individuals with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer M. Bomberger
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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37
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Dobay O, Laub K, Stercz B, Kéri A, Balázs B, Tóthpál A, Kardos S, Jaikumpun P, Ruksakiet K, Quinton PM, Zsembery Á. Bicarbonate Inhibits Bacterial Growth and Biofilm Formation of Prevalent Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2245. [PMID: 30283433 PMCID: PMC6157313 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of bicarbonate on the growth of several different bacteria as well as its effects on biofilm formation and intracellular cAMP concentration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biofilm formation was examined in 96-well plates, with or without bicarbonate. The cAMP production of bacteria was measured by a commercial assay kit. We found that NaHCO3 (100 mmol l-1) significantly inhibited, whereas NaCl (100 mmol l-1) did not influence the growth of planktonic bacteria. MIC and MBC measurements indicated that the effect of HCO3− is bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Moreover, NaHCO3 prevented biofilm formation as a function of concentration. Bicarbonate and alkalinization of external pH induced a significant increase in intracellular cAMP levels. In conclusion, HCO3− impedes the planktonic growth of different bacteria and impedes biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa that is associated with increased intracellular cAMP production. These findings suggest that aerosol inhalation therapy with HCO3− solutions may help improve respiratory hygiene in patients with cystic fibrosis and possibly other chronically infected lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Dobay
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Laub
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Stercz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kéri
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Balázs
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Tóthpál
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Kardos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Kasidid Ruksakiet
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul M Quinton
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ákos Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Atanasova KR, Reznikov LR. Neuropeptides in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Respir Res 2018; 19:149. [PMID: 30081920 PMCID: PMC6090699 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0846-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nervous system mediates key airway protective behaviors, including cough, mucus secretion, and airway smooth muscle contraction. Thus, its involvement and potential involvement in several airway diseases has become increasingly recognized. In the current review, we focus on the contribution of select neuropeptides in three distinct airway diseases: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis. We present data on some well-studied neuropeptides, as well as call attention to a few that have not received much consideration. Because mucus hypersecretion and mucus obstruction are common features of many airway diseases, we place special emphasis on the contribution of neuropeptides to mucus secretion. Finally, we highlight evidence implicating involvement of neuropeptides in mucus phenotypes in asthma, COPD and cystic fibrosis, as well as bring to light knowledge that is still lacking in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina R Atanasova
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 1333 Center Drive, PO Box 100144, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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39
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Bakshani CR, Morales-Garcia AL, Althaus M, Wilcox MD, Pearson JP, Bythell JC, Burgess JG. Evolutionary conservation of the antimicrobial function of mucus: a first defence against infection. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:14. [PMID: 30002868 PMCID: PMC6031612 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucus layers often provide a unique and multi-functional hydrogel interface between the epithelial cells of organisms and their external environment. Mucus has exceptional properties including elasticity, changeable rheology and an ability to self-repair by re-annealing, and is therefore an ideal medium for trapping and immobilising pathogens and serving as a barrier to microbial infection. The ability to produce a functional surface mucosa was an important evolutionary step, which evolved first in the Cnidaria, which includes corals, and the Ctenophora. This allowed the exclusion of non-commensal microbes and the subsequent development of the mucus-lined digestive cavity seen in higher metazoans. The fundamental architecture of the constituent glycoprotein mucins is also evolutionarily conserved. Although an understanding of the biochemical interactions between bacteria and the mucus layer are important to the goal of developing new antimicrobial strategies, they remain relatively poorly understood. This review summarises the physicochemical properties and evolutionary importance of mucus, which make it so successful in the prevention of bacterial infection. In addition, the strategies developed by bacteria to counteract the mucus layer are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie R Bakshani
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ana L Morales-Garcia
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mike Althaus
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matthew D Wilcox
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jeffrey P Pearson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Bythell
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Grant Burgess
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Massip-Copiz MM, Santa-Coloma TA. Extracellular pH and lung infections in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:402-410. [PMID: 29933921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by CFTR mutations. It is characterized by high NaCl concentration in sweat and the production of a thick and sticky mucus, occluding secretory ducts, intestine and airways, accompanied by chronic inflammation and infections of the lungs. This causes a progressive and lethal decline in lung function. Therefore, finding the mechanisms driving the high susceptibility to lung infections has been a key issue. For decades the prevalent hypothesis was that a reduced airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and composition, and the consequent increased mucus concentration (dehydration), create an environment favoring infections. However, a few years ago, in a pig model of CF, the Na+/K+ concentrations and the ASL volume were found intact. Immediately a different hypothesis arose, postulating a reduced ASL pH as the cause for the increased susceptibility to infections, due to a diminished bicarbonate secretion through CFTR. Noteworthy, a recent report found normal ASL pH values in CF children and in cultured primary airway cells, challenging the ASL pH hypothesis. On the other hand, recent evidences revitalized the hypothesis of a reduced ASL secretion. Thus, the role of the ASL pH in the CF is still a controversial matter. In this review we discuss the basis that sustain the role of CFTR in modulating the extracellular pH, and the recent results sustaining the different points of view. Finding the mechanisms of CFTR signaling that determine the susceptibility to infections is crucial to understand the pathophysiology of CF and related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Macarena Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and School of Medical Sciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás Antonio Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED UCA-CONICET), The National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), and School of Medical Sciences, The Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Ponzano S, Nigrelli G, Fregonese L, Eichler I, Bertozzi F, Bandiera T, Galietta LJV, Papaluca M. A European regulatory perspective on cystic fibrosis: current treatments, trends in drug development and translational challenges for CFTR modulators. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/170124. [PMID: 29653946 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0124-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article we analyse the current authorised treatments and trends in early drug development for cystic fibrosis (CF) in the European Union for the time period 2000-2016. The analysis indicates a significant improvement in the innovation and development of new potential medicines for CF, shifting from products that act on the symptoms of the disease towards new therapies targeting the cause of CF. However, within these new innovative medicines, results for CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators indicate that one major challenge for turning a CF concept product into an actual medicine for the benefit of patients resides in the fact that, although pre-clinical models have shown good predictability for certain mutations, a good correlation to clinical end-points or biomarkers (e.g. forced expiratory volume in 1 s and sweat chloride) for all mutations has not yet been achieved. In this respect, the use of alternative end-points and innovative nonclinical models could be helpful for the understanding of those translational discrepancies. Collaborative endeavours to promote further research and development in these areas as well as early dialogue with the regulatory bodies available at the European competent authorities are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ponzano
- European Medicines Agency, London, UK.,D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Bertozzi
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3 PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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Khoury O, Barrios C, Ortega V, Atala A, Murphy SV. Immunomodulatory Cell Therapy to Target Cystic Fibrosis Inflammation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:12-20. [PMID: 28707978 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0160tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with exaggerated and prolonged inflammation in the lungs, which contributes to lung injury, airway mucus obstruction, bronchiectasis, and loss of lung function. This hyperinflammatory phenotype appears to be caused by an imbalance between the pro- and antiinflammatory regulatory pathways, with heightened proinflammatory stimuli, a decreased counter-regulatory response, and reduced effectiveness of immune cell function and inflammatory resolution. Thus, therapies that can target this inflammatory environment would have a major impact on preventing the progression of lung disease. Because of the complex phenotype of CF inflammation, current antiinflammatory regimens have proven to be inadequate for the targeting of these multiple dysregulated pathways and effects. Several approaches using cell therapies have shown potential therapeutic benefit for the treatment of CF inflammation. This review provides an overview of the immune dysfunctions in CF and current therapeutic regimens; explores the field of cell therapy as a treatment for CF inflammation; and focuses on the various cell types used, their immunomodulatory functions, and the current approaches to mitigate the inflammatory response and reduce the long-term damage for patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Khoury
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Christopher Barrios
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Adult Care Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Victor Ortega
- 2 Cystic Fibrosis Adult Care Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anthony Atala
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Sean V Murphy
- 1 Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease characterized by progressive lung disease. Most CF therapies focus on treating secondary pulmonary complications rather than addressing the underlying processes inducing airway remodeling and ineffective response to infection. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a cytokine involved in fibrosis, inflammation, and injury response as well as a genetic modifier and biomarker of CF lung disease. Targeting the TGFβ pathway has been pursued in other diseases, but the mechanism of TGFβ effects in CF is less well understood. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss CF lung disease pathogenesis with a focus on potential links to TGFβ. TGFβ signaling in lung health and disease is reviewed. Recent studies investigating TGFβ's impact in CF airway epithelial cells are highlighted. Finally, an overview of potential therapies to target TGFβ signaling relevant to CF are addressed. Expert opinion: The broad impact of TGFβ signaling on numerous cellular processes in homeostasis and disease is both a strength and a challenge to developing TGFβ dependent therapeutics in CF. We discuss the challenges inherent in developing TGFβ-targeted therapy, identifying appropriate patient populations, and questions regarding the timing of treatment. Future directions for research into TGFβ focused therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Kramer
- a Department of Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - John P Clancy
- a Department of Pediatrics , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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The EGFR-ADAM17 Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Cystic Fibrosis Lung Pathology. Mediators Inflamm 2018. [PMID: 29540993 PMCID: PMC5818912 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1067134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) share molecular mechanisms that cause the pathological symptoms they have in common. Here, we review evidence suggesting that hyperactivity of the EGFR/ADAM17 axis plays a role in the development of chronic lung disease in both CF and COPD. The ubiquitous transmembrane protease A disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) forms a functional unit with the EGF receptor (EGFR), in a feedback loop interaction labeled the ADAM17/EGFR axis. In airway epithelial cells, ADAM17 sheds multiple soluble signaling proteins by proteolysis, including EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin (AREG), and proinflammatory mediators such as the interleukin 6 coreceptor (IL-6R). This activity can be enhanced by injury, toxins, and receptor-mediated external triggers. In addition to intracellular kinases, the extracellular glutathione-dependent redox potential controls ADAM17 shedding. Thus, the epithelial ADAM17/EGFR axis serves as a receptor of incoming luminal stress signals, relaying these to neighboring and underlying cells, which plays an important role in the resolution of lung injury and inflammation. We review evidence that congenital CFTR deficiency in CF and reduced CFTR activity in chronic COPD may cause enhanced ADAM17/EGFR signaling through a defect in glutathione secretion. In future studies, these complex interactions and the options for pharmaceutical interventions will be further investigated.
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Requena S, Ponomarchuk O, Castillo M, Rebik J, Brochiero E, Borejdo J, Gryczynski I, Dzyuba SV, Gryczynski Z, Grygorczyk R, Fudala R. Imaging viscosity of intragranular mucin matrix in cystic fibrosis cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16761. [PMID: 29196739 PMCID: PMC5711894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17037-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities of mucus viscosity play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis. Currently, there are no approaches to assess the rheological properties of mucin granule matrices in live cells. This is the first example of the use of a molecular rotor, a BODIPY dye, to quantitatively visualize the viscosity of intragranular mucin matrices in a large population of individual granules in differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Requena
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Olga Ponomarchuk
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2×0A9, Canada
- visiting graduate student from Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marlius Castillo
- Texas Christian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Jonathan Rebik
- Texas Christian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Brochiero
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2×0A9, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Julian Borejdo
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Sergei V Dzyuba
- Texas Christian University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA.
| | - Zygmunt Gryczynski
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
- Texas Christian University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Fort Worth, TX, 76129, USA
| | - Ryszard Grygorczyk
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H2×0A9, Canada.
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Rafal Fudala
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Stremmel W, Staffer S, Schneider MJ, Gan-Schreier H, Wannhoff A, Stuhrmann N, Gauss A, Wolburg H, Mahringer A, Swidsinski A, Efferth T. Genetic Mouse Models with Intestinal-Specific Tight Junction Deletion Resemble an Ulcerative Colitis Phenotype. J Crohns Colitis 2017; 11:1247-1257. [PMID: 28575164 PMCID: PMC5881657 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A key pathogenetic feature of ulcerative colitis [UC] is an intrinsic low mucus phosphatidylcholine[PC] content. Recently, a paracellular transport for PC across tight junctions[TJs] was described, suggesting TJ disturbance as a cause of diminished luminal PC transport. Therefore, we aimed to generate mutant mice with TJ deletion to evaluate whether a UC phenotype developed. METHODS CL57BL/6 control wild-type mice were compared to mutant mice with tamoxifen-induced villin-Cre-dependent intestinal deletion of kindlin 1 and 2. RESULTS Electron microscopy of mucosal biopsies obtained from both mutants before overt inflammation following only 2 days of tamoxifen exposure revealed a defective TJ morphology with extended paracellular space and, by light microscopy, expanded mucosal crypt lumina. PC secretion into mucus was reduced by >65% and the mucus PC content dropped by >50%, causing a >50 % decrease of mucus hydrophobicity in both mutants. Consequently, the microbiota was able to penetrate the submucosa. After 3 days of tamoxifen exposure, intestinal inflammation was present in both mutants, with loose bloody stools as well as macroscopic and histological features of colitis. Oral PC supplementation was able to suppress inflammation. By analogy, colonic biopsies obtained from patients with UC in remission also showed a defective epithelium with widened intercellular clefts, and enlarged crypt luminal diameters with functionally impaired luminal PC secretion. CONCLUSIONS Genetic mouse models with intestinal deletion of kindlin 1 and 2 resulted in TJ deletion and revealed pathophysiological features of impaired PC secretion to the mucus leading to mucosal inflammation compatible with human UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Stremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany,Corresponding author: Wolfgang Stremmel, MD, PhD, Professor of Medicine, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Department of Internal Medicine IV, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Tel: +49 6221 56 8700;
| | - Simone Staffer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Wannhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Stuhrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Clinics of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Medical School of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Mahringer
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Swidsinski
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Charité of Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Mainz, Germany
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Chen H, Chan HC. Amplification of FSH signalling by CFTR and nuclear soluble adenylyl cyclase in the ovary. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44 Suppl 1:78-85. [PMID: 28345252 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cAMP/PKA pathway is one of the most important signalling pathways widely distributed in most eukaryotic cells. The activation of the canonical cAMP/PKA pathway depends on transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC). Recently, soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC), which is activated by HCO3- or Ca2+ , emerges to provide an alternative way to activate cAMP/PKA pathway with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP-activated Cl- /HCO3- -conducting anion channel, as a key player. This review summarizes new progress in the investigation of the CFTR/HCO3- -dependent sAC signalling and its essential role in various reproductive processes, particularly in ovarian functions. We present the evidence for a CFTR/HCO3- -dependent nuclear sAC signalling cascade that amplifies the FSH-stimulated cAMP/PKA pathway, traditionally thought to involve tmAC, in granulosa for the regulation of oestrogen production and granulosa cell proliferation. The implication of the CFTR/HCO3- /sAC pathway in amplifying other receptor-activated cAMP/PKA signalling in a wide variety of cell types and pathophysiological processes, including aging, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, NT, Hong Kong SAR, China
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48
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Varga G, DenBesten P, Rácz R, Zsembery Á. Importance of bicarbonate transport in pH control during amelogenesis - need for functional studies. Oral Dis 2017; 24:879-890. [PMID: 28834043 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Dental enamel, the hardest mammalian tissue, is produced by ameloblasts. Ameloblasts show many similarities to other transporting epithelia although their secretory product, the enamel matrix, is quite different. Ameloblasts direct the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals, which liberate large quantities of protons that then need to be buffered to allow mineralization to proceed. Buffering requires a tight pH regulation and secretion of bicarbonate by ameloblasts. Many investigations have used immunohistochemical and knockout studies to determine the effects of these genes on enamel formation, but up till recently very little functional data were available for mineral ion transport. To address this, we developed a novel 2D in vitro model using HAT-7 ameloblast cells. HAT-7 cells can be polarized and develop functional tight junctions. Furthermore, they are able to accumulate bicarbonate ions from the basolateral to the apical fluid spaces. We propose that in the future, the HAT-7 2D system along with similar cellular models will be useful to functionally model ion transport processes during amelogenesis. Additionally, we also suggest that similar approaches will allow a better understanding of the regulation of the cycling process in maturation-stage ameloblasts, and the pH sensory mechanisms, which are required to develop sound, healthy enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Varga
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P DenBesten
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R Rácz
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Á Zsembery
- Department of Oral Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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49
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Quinton PM. Both Ways at Once: Keeping Small Airways Clean. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:380-390. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00013.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The small airways of the lungs are under constant assault from the pathogens and debris in the air that they must conduct to alveoli. Although hygiene is of paramount importance for respiratory health, the underlying principles of airway clearance have not been well integrated or established. Newly emerging concepts of simultaneous absorption and secretion of airway surface liquid (ASL) and the role of [Formula: see text] in the maturation of mucins have advanced from experimental evidence as well as observations from the congenital disease cystic fibrosis (CF) to present a novel model that integrates microanatomy with organ physiology to meet the constant challenge of cleaning small airways.
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50
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Brandolini L, d'Angelo M, Antonosante A, Villa S, Cristiano L, Castelli V, Benedetti E, Catanesi M, Aramini A, Luini A, Parashuraman S, Mayo E, Giordano A, Cimini A, Allegretti M. Differential protein modulation by ketoprofen and ibuprofen underlines different cellular response by gastric epithelium. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:2304-2312. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michele d'Angelo
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Andrea Antonosante
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Sara Villa
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Loredana Cristiano
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Elisabetta Benedetti
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Mariano Catanesi
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Dompé Farmaceutici Spa; via Campo di Pile; L'Aquila Italy
| | - Alberto Luini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP); National Research Council (CNR); Napoli Italy
| | | | - Emilia Mayo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry (IBP); National Research Council (CNR); Napoli Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Department of Biology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Department of Medicine; Surgery and Neuroscience; University of Siena; Siena Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life; Health and Environmental Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine; Department of Biology; Temple University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS); National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN); Assergi Italy
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