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Amoakon JP, Mylavarapu G, Amin RS, Naren AP. Pulmonary Vascular Dysfunctions in Cystic Fibrosis. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38501963 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00024.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disorder caused by a deleterious mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Given that the CFTR protein is a chloride channel expressed on a variety of cells throughout the human body, mutations in this gene impact several organs, particularly the lungs. For this very reason, research regarding CF disease and CFTR function has historically focused on the lung airway epithelium. Nevertheless, it was discovered more than two decades ago that CFTR is also expressed and functional on endothelial cells. Despite the great strides that have been made in understanding the role of CFTR in the airway epithelium, the role of CFTR in the endothelium remains unclear. Considering that the airway epithelium and endothelium work in tandem to allow gas exchange, it becomes very crucial to understand how a defective CFTR protein can impact the pulmonary vasculature and overall lung function. Fortunately, more recent research has been dedicated to elucidating the role of CFTR in the endothelium. As a result, several vascular dysfunctions associated with CF disease have come to light. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on pulmonary vascular dysfunctions in CF and discuss applicable therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Amoakon
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Goutham Mylavarapu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Systems Biology and Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
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2
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Merigo F, Lagni A, Boschi F, Bernardi P, Conti A, Plebani R, Romano M, Sorio C, Lotti V, Sbarbati A. Loss of CFTR Reverses Senescence Hallmarks in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6185. [PMID: 38892373 PMCID: PMC11172982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection has been recently shown to induce cellular senescence in vivo. A senescence-like phenotype has been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF) cellular models. Since the previously published data highlighted a low impact of SARS-CoV-2 on CFTR-defective cells, here we aimed to investigate the senescence hallmarks in SARS-CoV-2 infection in the context of a loss of CFTR expression/function. We infected WT and CFTR KO 16HBE14o-cells with SARS-CoV-2 and analyzed both the p21 and Ki67 expression using immunohistochemistry and viral and p21 gene expression using real-time PCR. Prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection, CFTR KO cells displayed a higher p21 and lower Ki67 expression than WT cells. We detected lipid accumulation in CFTR KO cells, identified as lipolysosomes and residual bodies at the subcellular/ultrastructure level. After SARS-CoV-2 infection, the situation reversed, with low p21 and high Ki67 expression, as well as reduced viral gene expression in CFTR KO cells. Thus, the activation of cellular senescence pathways in CFTR-defective cells was reversed by SARS-CoV-2 infection while they were activated in CFTR WT cells. These data uncover a different response of CF and non-CF bronchial epithelial cell models to SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to uncovering the molecular mechanisms behind the reduced clinical impact of COVID-19 in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Merigo
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Lagni
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bernardi
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Anita Conti
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Mario Romano
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.P.); (M.R.)
| | - Claudio Sorio
- General Pathology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Virginia Lotti
- Microbiology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Andrea Sbarbati
- Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.M.); (P.B.); (A.C.); (A.S.)
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3
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Colombo C, Lanfranchi C, Tosetti G, Corti F, Primignani M. Management of liver disease and portal hypertension in cystic fibrosis: a review. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:269-281. [PMID: 38962827 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2365842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF)-associated liver disease can significantly affect the quality of life and survival of people with CF. The hepatobiliary manifestations in CF are various, with focal/multilobular biliary cirrhosis more common in children and porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) in young adults. Portal hypertensive complications, particularly bleeding from esophagogastric varices and hypersplenism are common, while liver failure is rarer and mainly linked to biliary disease. AREAS COVERED This review explores current therapeutic options for CF-associated liver disease, presenting ongoing studies and new insights into parthenogenesis for potential future therapies. EXPERT OPINION Monitoring for signs of portal hypertension is essential. Limited evidence supports ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) efficacy in halting CF liver disease progression. The effect of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators on liver outcomes lacks definitive data, since patients with CF-related liver disease were excluded from trials due to potential hepatotoxicity. A proposed approach involves using UDCA and modulators in early stages, along with anti-inflammatory agents, with further therapeutic strategies awaiting randomized trials. Prevention of portal hypertensive bleeding includes endoscopic sclerotherapy or ligation of esophageal varices. Nonselective beta-blockers may also prevent bleeding and could be cautiously implemented. Other non-etiological treatments require investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Colombo
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanfranchi
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Tosetti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Corti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Primignani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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4
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Wang G. Genome Editing for Cystic Fibrosis. Cells 2023; 12:1555. [PMID: 37371025 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic recessive genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane-conductance Regulator gene (CFTR). Remarkable progress in basic research has led to the discovery of highly effective CFTR modulators. Now ~90% of CF patients are treatable. However, these modulator therapies are not curative and do not cover the full spectrum of CFTR mutations. Thus, there is a continued need to develop a complete and durable therapy that can treat all CF patients once and for all. As CF is a genetic disease, the ultimate therapy would be in-situ repair of the genetic lesions in the genome. Within the past few years, new technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas gene editing, have emerged as an appealing platform to revise the genome, ushering in a new era of genetic therapy. This review provided an update on this rapidly evolving field and the status of adapting the technology for CF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoshun Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, CSRB 607, 533 Bolivar Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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5
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Plebani R, Potla R, Soong M, Bai H, Izadifar Z, Jiang A, Travis RN, Belgur C, Dinis A, Cartwright MJ, Prantil-Baun R, Jolly P, Gilpin SE, Romano M, Ingber DE. Modeling pulmonary cystic fibrosis in a human lung airway-on-a-chip. J Cyst Fibros 2022; 21:606-615. [PMID: 34799298 DOI: 10.1101/2021.07.15.21260407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results in impaired airway mucociliary clearance, inflammation, infection, and respiratory insufficiency. The development of new therapeutics for CF are limited by the lack of reliable preclinical models that recapitulate the structural, immunological, and bioelectrical features of human CF lungs. METHODS We leveraged organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a microfluidic device lined by primary human CF bronchial epithelial cells grown under an air-liquid interface and interfaced with pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (CF Airway Chip) exposed to fluid flow. The responses of CF and healthy Airway Chips were analyzed in the presence or absence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS The CF Airway Chip faithfully recapitulated many features of the human CF airways, including enhanced mucus accumulation, increased cilia density, and a higher ciliary beating frequency compared to chips lined by healthy bronchial epithelial cells. The CF chips also secreted higher levels of IL-8, which was accompanied by enhanced PMN adhesion to the endothelium and transmigration into the airway compartment. In addition, CF Airway Chips provided a more favorable environment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, which resulted in enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of PMNs to the airway. CONCLUSIONS The human CF Airway Chip may provide a valuable preclinical tool for pathophysiology studies as well as for drug testing and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Plebani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Center on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ratnakar Potla
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mercy Soong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Renee N Travis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chaitra Belgur
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandre Dinis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark J Cartwright
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mario Romano
- Center on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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Neff SL, Hampton TH, Puerner C, Cengher L, Doing G, Lee AJ, Koeppen K, Cheung AL, Hogan DA, Cramer RA, Stanton BA. CF-Seq, an accessible web application for rapid re-analysis of cystic fibrosis pathogen RNA sequencing studies. Sci Data 2022; 9:343. [PMID: 35710652 PMCID: PMC9203545 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01431-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Researchers studying cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogens have produced numerous RNA-seq datasets which are available in the gene expression omnibus (GEO). Although these studies are publicly available, substantial computational expertise and manual effort are required to compare similar studies, visualize gene expression patterns within studies, and use published data to generate new experimental hypotheses. Furthermore, it is difficult to filter available studies by domain-relevant attributes such as strain, treatment, or media, or for a researcher to assess how a specific gene responds to various experimental conditions across studies. To reduce these barriers to data re-analysis, we have developed an R Shiny application called CF-Seq, which works with a compendium of 128 studies and 1,322 individual samples from 13 clinically relevant CF pathogens. The application allows users to filter studies by experimental factors and to view complex differential gene expression analyses at the click of a button. Here we present a series of use cases that demonstrate the application is a useful and efficient tool for new hypothesis generation. (CF-Seq: http://scangeo.dartmouth.edu/CFSeq/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L Neff
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Charles Puerner
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Liviu Cengher
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Georgia Doing
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Katja Koeppen
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | | | - Deborah A Hogan
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Robert A Cramer
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bruce A Stanton
- Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
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7
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Role of Ion Channel Remodeling in Endothelial Dysfunction Induced by Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040484. [PMID: 35454073 PMCID: PMC9031742 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a key player in advancing vascular pathology in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a disease essentially characterized by intense remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature, vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis in situ. These vascular features culminate in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, subsequent right heart failure, and premature death. Over the past years, there has been a great development in our understanding of pulmonary endothelial biology related to the genetic and molecular mechanisms that modulate the endothelial response to direct or indirect injury and how their dysregulation can promote PAH pathogenesis. Ion channels are key regulators of vasoconstriction and proliferative/apoptotic phenotypes; however, they are poorly studied at the endothelial level. The current review will describe and categorize different expression, functions, regulation, and remodeling of endothelial ion channels (K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl− channels) in PAH. We will focus on the potential pathogenic role of ion channel deregulation in the onset and progression of endothelial dysfunction during the development of PAH and its potential therapeutic role.
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8
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Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease: Clinical presentations, diagnostic and monitoring approaches in the era of CFTR modulator therapies. J Hepatol 2022; 76:420-434. [PMID: 34678405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common autosomal recessive disease in the Caucasian population. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD) is defined as the pathogenesis related to the underlying CFTR defect in biliary epithelial cells. CFLD needs to be distinguished from other liver manifestations that may not have any pathological significance. The clinical/histological presentation and severity of CFLD vary. The main histological presentation of CFLD is focal biliary fibrosis, which is usually asymptomatic. Portal hypertension develops in a minority of cases (about 10%) and may require specific management including liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease. Portal hypertension is usually the result of the progression of focal biliary fibrosis to multilobular cirrhosis during childhood. Nevertheless, non-cirrhotic portal hypertension as a result of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease is now identified increasingly more frequently, mainly in young adults. To evaluate the effect of new CFTR modulator therapies on the liver, the spectrum of hepatobiliary involvement must first be precisely classified. This paper discusses the phenotypic features of CFLD, its underlying physiopathology and relevant diagnostic and follow-up approaches, with a special focus on imaging.
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Causer AJ, Khalaf M, Klein Rot E, Brand K, Smith J, Bailey SJ, Cummings MH, Shepherd AI, Saynor ZL, Shute JK. CFTR limits F-actin formation and promotes morphological alignment with flow in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15128. [PMID: 34851051 PMCID: PMC8634629 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in response to shear stress has been observed in cystic fibrosis (CF), and has been associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) regulates endothelial actin cytoskeleton dynamics and cellular alignment in response to flow. Human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC) were cultured with either the CFTR inhibitor GlyH-101 (20 µM) or CFTRinh-172 (20 µM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng/ml) or a vehicle control (0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide) during 24 and 48 h of exposure to shear stress (11.1 dynes/cm2 ) or under static control conditions. Cellular morphology and filamentous actin (F-actin) were assessed using immunocytochemistry. [Nitrite] and endothelin-1 ([ET-1]) were determined in cell culture supernatant by ozone-based chemiluminescence and ELISA, respectively. Treatment of HLMVECs with both CFTR inhibitors prevented alignment of HLMVEC in the direction of flow after 24 and 48 h of shear stress, compared to vehicle control (both p < 0.05). Treatment with TNF-α significantly increased total F-actin after 24 h versus control (p < 0.05), an effect that was independent of shear stress. GlyH-101 significantly increased F-actin after 24 h of shear stress versus control (p < 0.05), with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cortical F-actin under both static and flow conditions. Shear stress decreased [ET-1] after 24 h (p < 0.05) and increased [nitrite] after 48 h (p < 0.05), but neither [nitrite] nor [ET-1] was affected by GlyH-101 (p > 0.05). CFTR appears to limit cytosolic actin polymerization, while maintaining a cortical rim actin distribution that is important for maintaining barrier integrity and promoting alignment with flow, without effects on endothelial nitrite or ET-1 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Causer
- Department for HealthUniversity of BathBathUK
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Maha Khalaf
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Emily Klein Rot
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
- School of Life Science, Engineering & DesignSaxion UniversityEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Brand
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
- School of Life Science, Engineering & DesignSaxion UniversityEnschedeThe Netherlands
| | - James Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Michael H. Cummings
- Department of Diabetes and EndocrinologyQueen Alexandra HospitalPortsmouthUK
| | - Anthony I. Shepherd
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Zoe L. Saynor
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
| | - Janis K. Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
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10
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Plebani R, Potla R, Soong M, Bai H, Izadifar Z, Jiang A, Travis RN, Belgur C, Dinis A, Cartwright MJ, Prantil-Baun R, Jolly P, Gilpin SE, Romano M, Ingber DE. Modeling pulmonary cystic fibrosis in a human lung airway-on-a-chip: Cystic fibrosis airway chip. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:606-615. [PMID: 34799298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which results in impaired airway mucociliary clearance, inflammation, infection, and respiratory insufficiency. The development of new therapeutics for CF are limited by the lack of reliable preclinical models that recapitulate the structural, immunological, and bioelectrical features of human CF lungs. METHODS We leveraged organ-on-a-chip technology to develop a microfluidic device lined by primary human CF bronchial epithelial cells grown under an air-liquid interface and interfaced with pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (CF Airway Chip) exposed to fluid flow. The responses of CF and healthy Airway Chips were analyzed in the presence or absence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and the bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RESULTS The CF Airway Chip faithfully recapitulated many features of the human CF airways, including enhanced mucus accumulation, increased cilia density, and a higher ciliary beating frequency compared to chips lined by healthy bronchial epithelial cells. The CF chips also secreted higher levels of IL-8, which was accompanied by enhanced PMN adhesion to the endothelium and transmigration into the airway compartment. In addition, CF Airway Chips provided a more favorable environment for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth, which resulted in enhanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines and recruitment of PMNs to the airway. CONCLUSIONS The human CF Airway Chip may provide a valuable preclinical tool for pathophysiology studies as well as for drug testing and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Plebani
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Center on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ratnakar Potla
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mercy Soong
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Haiqing Bai
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Zohreh Izadifar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Renee N Travis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chaitra Belgur
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alexandre Dinis
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark J Cartwright
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rachelle Prantil-Baun
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pawan Jolly
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E Gilpin
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mario Romano
- Center on Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Donald E Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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11
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Fancher IS. Cardiovascular mechanosensitive ion channels-Translating physical forces into physiological responses. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:47-95. [PMID: 34696889 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells and tissues are constantly exposed to mechanical stress. In order to respond to alterations in mechanical stimuli, specific cellular machinery must be in place to rapidly convert physical force into chemical signaling to achieve the desired physiological responses. Mechanosensitive ion channels respond to such physical stimuli in the order of microseconds and are therefore essential components to mechanotransduction. Our understanding of how these ion channels contribute to cellular and physiological responses to mechanical force has vastly expanded in the last few decades due to engineering ingenuities accompanying patch clamp electrophysiology, as well as sophisticated molecular and genetic approaches. Such investigations have unveiled major implications for mechanosensitive ion channels in cardiovascular health and disease. Therefore, in this chapter I focus on our present understanding of how biophysical activation of various mechanosensitive ion channels promotes distinct cell signaling events with tissue-specific physiological responses in the cardiovascular system. Specifically, I discuss the roles of mechanosensitive ion channels in mediating (i) endothelial and smooth muscle cell control of vascular tone, (ii) mechano-electric feedback and cell signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, and (iii) the baroreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States.
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12
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Shah PH, Lee JH, Salvi DJ, Rabbani R, Gavini DR, Hamid P. Cardiovascular System Involvement in Cystic Fibrosis. Cureus 2021; 13:e16723. [PMID: 34513358 PMCID: PMC8405250 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease primarily affecting the respiratory system and gastrointestinal system. The life expectancy of patients with CF has significantly improved due to medical advancement and the effective use of screening techniques. However, new challenges have emerged. Particularly those involving cardiovascular pathology. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the different mechanisms that cause cardiovascular complications in patients with CF, which would help find an efficient treatment that not only prolongs survival but also improves their quality of life. This study extensively reviews different theories such as right ventricular hypertrophy due to lung pathology, ventricular interdependence, the association of nutritional deficiencies and severe cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genotypes with myocardial fibrosis, effects of hypoxia, recurrent infections, and systemic inflammation of the heart and blood vessels that explain the direct or indirect involvement of the cardiovascular system in CF. For this review, 258 articles were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. Out of which, a total of 12 high-quality articles were selected using appropriate quality assessment tools and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The result of this study suggests that early detection of cardiovascular dysfunction can improve the survival rate of the patient. Furthermore, this study could aid future researchers in the exploration of various best screening modality techniques for the early detection of cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prutha H Shah
- Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA
| | - Dhairya J Salvi
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA
| | - Rizwan Rabbani
- Nephrology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA
| | - Divya R Gavini
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA
| | - Pousette Hamid
- Neurology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology (CIBNP), Fairfield, USA
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13
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Poore TS, Taylor-Cousar JL, Zemanick ET. Cardiovascular complications in cystic fibrosis: A review of the literature. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:18-25. [PMID: 34140249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, leading to dysfunction of the CFTR protein. CFTR dysfunction leads to disease in the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. Disorders of the cardiovascular system in individuals with CF are usually attributed to secondary effects from progressive lung disease. However, CFTR has been localized to vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, suggesting that CFTR dysfunction may directly impact cardiovascular function. As treatments for CF improve and life-expectancy increases, the risk of vascular disease may increase in prevalence related to primary and secondary CFTR dysfunction, chronic systemic inflammation, nutritional health and hyperglycemia in individuals with CF related diabetes. Here we review the available literature on CF and the cardiovascular system, examining the secondary effects and evidence for direct CFTR dysfunction in the heart, aorta, pulmonary vessels, and vasculature, as well as future directions and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Spencer Poore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Edith T Zemanick
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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14
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Declercq M, de Zeeuw P, Conchinha NV, Geldhof V, Ramalho AS, García-Caballero M, Brepoels K, Ensinck M, Carlon MS, Bird MJ, Vinckier S, Proesmans M, Vermeulen F, Dupont L, Ghesquière B, Dewerchin M, Carmeliet P, Cassiman D, Treps L, Eelen G, Witters P. Transcriptomic analysis of CFTR-impaired endothelial cells reveals a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.00261-2020. [PMID: 33184117 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00261-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-threatening disorder characterised by decreased pulmonary mucociliary and pathogen clearance, and an exaggerated inflammatory response leading to progressive lung damage. CF is caused by bi-allelic pathogenic variants of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which encodes a chloride channel. CFTR is expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and EC dysfunction has been reported in CF patients, but a role for this ion channel in ECs regarding CF disease progression is poorly described.We used an unbiased RNA sequencing approach in complementary models of CFTR silencing and blockade (by the CFTR inhibitor CFTRinh-172) in human ECs to characterise the changes upon CFTR impairment. Key findings were further validated in vitro and in vivo in CFTR-knockout mice and ex vivo in CF patient-derived ECs.Both models of CFTR impairment revealed that EC proliferation, migration and autophagy were downregulated. Remarkably though, defective CFTR function led to EC activation and a persisting pro-inflammatory state of the endothelium with increased leukocyte adhesion. Further validation in CFTR-knockout mice revealed enhanced leukocyte extravasation in lung and liver parenchyma associated with increased levels of EC activation markers. In addition, CF patient-derived ECs displayed increased EC activation markers and leukocyte adhesion, which was partially rescued by the CFTR modulators VX-770 and VX-809.Our integrated analysis thus suggests that ECs are no innocent bystanders in CF pathology, but rather may contribute to the exaggerated inflammatory phenotype, raising the question of whether normalisation of vascular inflammation might be a novel therapeutic strategy to ameliorate the disease severity of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Declercq
- Dept of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nadine V Conchinha
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincent Geldhof
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anabela S Ramalho
- Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katleen Brepoels
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Ensinck
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Dept of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne S Carlon
- Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Drug Discovery, Dept of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthew J Bird
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Dept of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Vinckier
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - François Vermeulen
- Dept of Respiratory Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Dupont
- Dept of Pneumology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Metabolomics Expertise Centre, Dept of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Dewerchin
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Cassiman
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Dept of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
| | - Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Dept of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
| | - Peter Witters
- Dept of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Dept of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Equal co-authorship
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15
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Treps L, Declercq M, Bousfia S, Carmeliet P, Witters P. Comparative meta-analysis of cystic fibrosis cell models suggests partial endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 20:876-880. [PMID: 33858770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mesenchymal conversion of epithelial cells (EMT) has been suggested as a potential contributor in cystic fibrosis (CF) disease progression. Endothelial cells (EndCs), the cells lining blood vessels, express functional CFTR and CFTR impairment promotes endothelial activation and dysfunction. However, if the mesenchymal switch also exists in CF EndCs remains uncharacterized. To understand whether the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) could occur in CF, we have conducted a transcriptomic meta-analysis of primary CFTR-impaired and patient-derived EndCs, and further compared our results to data from CF epithelial cells (EpCs) where EMT has been demonstrated. As compared to EpCs, we show that CFTR-impaired EndCs display a limited signature of EndMT, and that expression of the mesenchymal inducer Twist1 remained unchanged. Nonetheless, the use of CFTR modulators reduced the expression of mesenchymal markers from CF patient-derived EndCs, suggesting an additional therapeutic added-value next to the known effect on CFTR ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Mathias Declercq
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Siham Bousfia
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Centre for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, CF Centre, Woman and Child, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Centre of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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16
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Saynor ZL, Gruet M, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Harris RA. Oxygen transport and utilisation during exercise in cystic fibrosis: contributors to exercise intolerance. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1979-1983. [PMID: 33119143 DOI: 10.1113/ep088106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? This review highlights the central and peripheral mechanisms that alter oxygen transport and utilisation and thereby contribute to exercise limitation in people with cystic fibrosis, considering also viable therapeutic targets for intervention. What advances does it highlight? Although traditionally considered a respiratory condition, pathological intramuscular and cardiovascular changes in people with cystic fibrosis appear to be key determinants of exercise intolerance up until the later stages of respiratory disease. Even young, habitually active patients with normal lung function experience multisystemic abnormalities, which play a role in exercise intolerance. ABSTRACT Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a complex condition, commonly associated with exercise limitation. The mechanisms responsible for this in CF are of interest, given that lower aerobic fitness is associated with an increased risk of being hospitalised with pulmonary exacerbation, a poorer quality of life and a poorer prognosis. Pathophysiological changes in lung function are considered central to CF, and may contribute to exercise limitation. However, it is now clear that the pathogenesis of exercise limitation in this population is multifactorial, with alterations in cardiovascular, muscle and pulmonary function contributing. Whilst some of these changes are attributable to respiratory disease per se, the CF transmembrane conductance regulator protein is also found in skeletal muscle and the vascular endothelium and can directly alter central and localised oxygen delivery, as well as the ability to effectively extract and utilise oxygen at the myocyte level. Since intense exercise poses considerable challenges to arterial oxygen content and/or blood flow and its supply to the working skeletal muscle, evaluating the exercise physiology of people with CF has helped us understand the mechanisms underlying exercise intolerance. Through several investigations over recent years, we have collectively demonstrated that people with CF exhibit reduced skeletal muscle oxygen extraction and utilisation during exercise, with a lesser contribution from haemodynamic or chronotropic mechanisms. Taken together, our findings highlight the importance of targeting mechanisms of skeletal muscle oxygen utilisation in CF to improve exercise tolerance and we offer potential therapeutic interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe L Saynor
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mathieu Gruet
- Laboratory of the Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), Toulon University, Toulon, France
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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17
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Upregulation of CFTR Protects against Palmitate-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Enhancing Autophagic Flux. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8345246. [PMID: 33123317 PMCID: PMC7586166 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8345246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) elevate in metabolic symptom leading to endothelial dysfunction. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) functionally expresses in endothelial cells. The role of CFTR in FFA-induced endothelial dysfunction remains unclear. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of CFTR on palmitate- (PA-) induced endothelial dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms. We found that PA-induced endothelial dysfunction is characterized by a decrease of cell viability, reduction of NO generation and mitochondrial membrane potential, impairment of the tube formation, but an increase of ROS generation and cell apoptosis. Simultaneously, PA decreased CFTR protein expression. CFTR agonist Forskolin upregulated CFTR protein expression and protected against PA-induced endothelial dysfunction, while CFTR knockdown exacerbated endothelial dysfunction induced by PA and blunted the protective effects of Forskolin. In addition, PA impaired autophagic flux, and autophagic flux inhibitors aggravated PA-induced endothelial apoptosis. CFTR upregulation significantly restored autophagic flux in PA-insulted endothelial cells, which was involved in increasing the protein expression of Atg16L, Atg12-Atg5 complex, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D. In contrast, CFTR knockdown significantly inhibited the effects of Forskolin on autophagic flux and the expression of the autophagy-regulated proteins. Our findings illustrate that CFTR upregulation protects against PA-induced endothelial dysfunction by improving autophagic flux and underlying mechanisms are involved in enhancing autophagic signaling mediated by the Atg16L-Atg12-Atg5 complex, cathepsin B, and cathepsin D. CFTR might serve as a novel drug target for endothelial protection in cardiovascular diseases with a characteristic of elevation of FFAs.
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18
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Khalaf M, Scott-Ward T, Causer A, Saynor Z, Shepherd A, Górecki D, Lewis A, Laight D, Shute J. Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) in Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells Controls Oxidative Stress, Reactive Oxygen-Mediated Cell Signaling and Inflammatory Responses. Front Physiol 2020; 11:879. [PMID: 32848840 PMCID: PMC7403513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Perturbation of endothelial function in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) has been reported, which may be associated with endothelial cell expression of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Previous reports indicate that CFTR activity upregulates endothelial barrier function, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and NO release, while limiting interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in cell culture. In view of reported microvascular dysfunction in people with CF we investigated the role of CFTR expression and activity in the regulation of oxidative stress, cell signaling and inflammation in human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs) in cell culture. Methods HLMVECs were cultured in the absence and presence of the CFTR inhibitor GlyH-101 and CFTR siRNA. CFTR expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR, immunocytochemistry (IHC) and western blot, and function by membrane potential assay. IL-8 expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR and ELISA. Nrf2 expression, and NF-κB and AP-1 activation were determined using IHC and western blot. The role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in CFTR signaling was investigated using the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478. Oxidative stress was measured as intracellular ROS and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. VEGF and SOD-2 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. Results HLMVECs express low levels of CFTR that increase following inhibition of CFTR activity. Inhibition of CFTR, significantly increased intracellular ROS and H2O2 levels over 30 min and significantly decreased Nrf2 expression by 70% while increasing SOD-2 expression over 24 h. CFTR siRNA significantly increased constitutive expression of IL-8 by HLMVECs. CFTR inhibition activated the AP-1 pathway and increased IL-8 expression, without effect on NF-κB activity. Conversely, TNF-α activated the NF-κB pathway and increased IL-8 expression. The effects of TNF-α and GlyH-101 on IL-8 expression were additive and inhibited by AG1478. Inhibition of both CFTR and EGFR in HLMVECs significantly increased VEGF expression. The antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine significantly reduced ROS production and the increase in IL-8 and VEGF expression following CFTR inhibition. Conclusion Functional endothelial CFTR limits oxidative stress and contributes to the normal anti-inflammatory state of HLMVECs. Therapeutic strategies to restore endothelial CFTR function in CF are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Khalaf
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Scott-Ward
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Causer
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Saynor
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Shepherd
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Dariusz Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Lewis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - David Laight
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Janis Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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19
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Elce V, Del Pizzo A, Nigro E, Frisso G, Martiniello L, Daniele A, Elce A. Impact of Physical Activity on Cognitive Functions: A New Field for Research and Management of Cystic Fibrosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070489. [PMID: 32708398 PMCID: PMC7400241 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease inherited by an autosomal recessive mechanism and characterized by a progressive and severe multi-organ failure. Mutations in Cystic Fibrosis Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein cause duct obstructions from dense mucus secretions and chronic inflammation related to organ damage. The progression of the disease is characterized by a decline of lung function associated with metabolic disorders and malnutrition, musculoskeletal disorders and thoracic deformities, leading to a progressive decrement of the individual’s quality of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) qualifies Physical Activity (PA) as a structured activity produced by skeletal muscles’ movements that requires energy consumption. In the last decade, the number of studies on PA increased considerably, including those investigating the effects of exercise on cognitive and brain health and mental performance. PA is recommended in CF management guidelines, since it improves clinic outcomes, such as peripheral neuropathy, oxygen uptake peak, bone health, glycemic control and respiratory functions. Several studies regarding the positive effects of exercise in patients with Cystic Fibrosis were carried out, but the link between the effects of exercise and cognitive and brain health in CF remains unclear. Animal models showed that exercise might improve learning and memory through structural changes of brain architecture, and such a causal relationship can also be described in humans. Indeed, both morphological and environmental factors seem to be involved in exercise-induced neural plasticity. An increase of gray matter volume in specific areas is detectable as a consequence of regular training in humans. Neurobiological processes associated with brain function improvements include biochemical modifications, such as neuromodulator or neurohormone release, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) production and synaptic activity changes. From a functional point of view, PA also seems to be an environmental factor enhancing cognitive abilities, such as executive functions, memory and processing speed. This review describes the current state of research regarding the impacts of physical activity and exercise on cognitive functions, introducing a possible novel field of research for optimizing the management of Cystic Fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Elce
- MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Piazza San Francesco 19, 55100 Lucca, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Del Pizzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, University of Pisa, Largo Bruno Pontecorvo, 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 81110 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giulia Frisso
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Martiniello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Aurora Daniele
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 81110 Caserta, Italy; (E.N.); (A.D.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Ausilia Elce
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate SCarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy;
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Via Porzio, Centro Direzionale, isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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20
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Fibrocyte accumulation in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros 2020; 19:815-822. [PMID: 32593509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients develop severe lung disease including chronic airway infections, neutrophilic inflammation, and progressive fibrotic remodeling in airways. However, cellular and molecular processes that regulate excessive collagen deposition in airways in these patients remain unclear. Fibrocytes are bone marrow (BM)-derived mesenchymal cells that express the hematopoietic cell marker CD45, and mesenchymal cell markers and implicated in collagen deposition in several fibrotic diseases. It is unknown whether fibrocytes accumulate in the lungs of CF patients, so the current study evaluates the presence of fibrocytes in the fibrotic lesions of airways in explanted CF lungs compared to non-CF unused donor lungs (control). METHODS We used immunofluorescence staining to determine if fibrocytes accumulate in explanted CF lungs compared to healthy donor lungs. Simultaneously, we evaluated cells collected by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in CF patients using multi-color flow cytometry. Finally, we analyzed transcripts differentially expressed in fibrocytes isolated from the explanted CF lungs compared to control to assess fibrocyte-specific pro-fibrotic gene networks. RESULTS Our findings demonstrate fibrocyte accumulation in CF lungs compared to non-CF lungs. Additionally, fibrocytes were detected in the BAL of all CF children. Transcriptomic analysis of fibrocytes identified dysregulated genes associated with fibrotic remodeling in CF lungs. CONCLUSIONS With significantly increased fibrocytes that show increased expression of pro-fibrotic gene transcripts compared to control, our findings suggest an intervention for fibrotic remodeling as a potential therapeutic target in CF.
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Causer AJ, Shute JK, Cummings MH, Shepherd AI, Gruet M, Costello JT, Bailey S, Lindley M, Pearson C, Connett G, Allenby MI, Carroll MP, Daniels T, Saynor ZL. Circulating biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in people with cystic fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101436. [PMID: 32044291 PMCID: PMC7264436 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances. Methods Systematic searches of the Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsycINFO databases were conducted. Mean content of blood biomarkers from people with clinically-stable CF and non-CF controls were used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results Forty-nine studies were eligible for this review including a total of 1792 people with CF and 1675 controls. Meta-analysis revealed that protein carbonyls (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.77), total F2-isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (SMD: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.05) and malondialdehyde (SMD: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.30 to 2.39) were significantly higher, and vitamins A (SMD: −0.66, 95% CI -1.14 to −0.17) and E (SMD: −0.74, 95% CI: −1.28 to −0.20), β-carotene (SMD: −1.80, 95% CI: −2.92 to −0.67), lutein (SMD: −1.52, 95% CI: −1.83 to −1.20) and albumin (SMD: −0.98, 95% CI: −1.68 to −0.27) were significantly lower in the plasma or serum of people with CF versus controls. Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis found good evidence for reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress in people with clinically-stable CF. Blood biomarkers of oxidative stress were elevated in stable CF vs non-CF controls. Lipid peroxidation was positively correlated with age and immune cell count in CF. Antioxidants vitamins A & E, β-carotene, lutein and albumin were lower in stable CF. Antioxidants were positively correlated with body mass index and lung function in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Causer
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Janis K Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Michael H Cummings
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Anthony I Shepherd
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Mathieu Gruet
- Laboratory of Impact of Physical Activity on Health (IAPS), UR n°201723207F, University of Toulon, France
| | - Joseph T Costello
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Stephen Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Martin Lindley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Clare Pearson
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Gary Connett
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark I Allenby
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Mary P Carroll
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Thomas Daniels
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK; Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
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Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal-recessive multi-organ disease characterized by airways obstruction, recurrent infections, and systemic inflammation. Vasculitis is a severe complication of CF that affects 2-3% of CF patients and is generally associated with poor prognosis. Various pathogenic mechanisms may be involved in the development of CF-related vasculitis. Bacterial colonization leads to persistent activation of neutrophilic granulocytes, inflammation and damage, contributing to the production of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs). The presence of ANCA may on the other hand predispose to bacterial colonization and infection, likely entertaining a vicious circle amplifying inflammation and damage. As a result, in CF-associated vasculitis, ongoing inflammation, immune cell activation, the presence of pathogens, and the use of numerous medications may lead to immune complex formation and deposition, subsequently causing leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Published individual case reports and small case series suggest that patients with CF-associated vasculitis require immune modulating treatment, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, and/or disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). As immunosuppression increases the risk of infection and/or malignancy, which are both already increased in people with CF, possible alternative medications may involve the blockade of individual cytokine or inflammatory pathways, or the use of novel CFTR modulators. This review summarizes molecular alterations involved in CF-associated vasculitis, clinical presentation, and complications, as well as currently available and future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Sposito
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S McNamara
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M Hedrich
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's National Health Service Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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23
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Assessment of endothelial function is reproducible in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:772-777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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24
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The role of endothelial cells in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2019; 18:752-761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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Short-term consequences of F508del-CFTR thermal instability on CFTR-dependent transepithelial currents in human airway epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13729. [PMID: 31551433 PMCID: PMC6760155 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50066-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel in human airway epithelial cells are responsible for Cystic Fibrosis. A deleterious impact of physiological temperature on CFTR plasma membrane expression, residence and channel activity is characteristic of the most common and severe CF mutation, F508del. Using primary human F508del-airway epithelial cells and CF bronchial epithelial CFBE41o- cell lines expressing F508del- or WT-CFTR, we examined the effects of temperature (29 °C-39 °C) on the amplitude and stability of short-circuit CFTR-dependent currents over time and the efficiency of pharmacological strategies to stably restore F508del-CFTR function. We show that F508del-CFTR functional instability at 37 °C is not prevented by low temperature or VX-809 correction, genistein and VX-770 potentiators, nor by the combination VX-809/VX-770. Moreover, F508del-CFTR-dependent currents 30 minutes after CFTR activation at 37 °C did not significantly differ whether a potentiator was used or not. We demonstrate that F508del-CFTR function loss is aggravated at temperatures above 37 °C while limited by a small decrease of temperature and show that the more F508del-CFTR is stimulated, the faster the current loss happens. Our study highlights the existence of a temperature-dependent process inhibiting the function of F508del-CFTR, possibly explaining the low efficacy of pharmacological drugs in clinic.
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26
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Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, Menotti E, Prati F, Scodro M, Dallapellegrina L, Berlendis M, Poli P, Padoan R, Metra M. Elastic aortic properties in cystic fibrosis adults without cardiovascular risk factors: A case‐control study. Echocardiography 2019; 36:1118-1122. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.14375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Vizzardi
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Edoardo Sciatti
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Ivano Bonadei
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Elisa Menotti
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Francesco Prati
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Marta Scodro
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Lucia Dallapellegrina
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | | | - Piercarlo Poli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Department ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Rita Padoan
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Department ASST Spedali Civili and University of Brescia Brescia Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences and Public Health University of Brescia Brescia Italy
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27
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Recchiuti A, Mattoscio D, Isopi E. Roles, Actions, and Therapeutic Potential of Specialized Pro-resolving Lipid Mediators for the Treatment of Inflammation in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:252. [PMID: 31001110 PMCID: PMC6454233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-resolving inflammation is the main mechanism of morbidity and mortality among patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common life-threatening human genetic disease. Resolution of inflammation is an active process timely controlled by endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) produced locally in inflammatory loci to restrain this innate response, prevent further damages to the host, and permit return to homeostasis. Lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins are SPM derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids that limit excessive leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory signals, stimulate innate microbial killing, and enhance resolution. Their unique chemical structures, receptors, and bioactions are being elucidated. Accruing data indicate that SPMs carry protective functions against unrelenting inflammation and infections in preclinical models and human CF systems. Here, we reviewed their roles and actions in controlling resolution of inflammation, evidence for their impairment in CF, and proofs of principle for their exploitation as innovative, non-immunosuppressive drugs to address inflammation and infections in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Recchiuti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Mattoscio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisa Isopi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Centro di Scienze dell’Invecchiamento e Medicina Traslazionale (CeSI-MeT), Università “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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28
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Yang X, Zhao Y, Sun Q, Yang Y, Gao Y, Ge W, Liu J, Xu X, Zhang J. An Intermediary Role of Adenine Nucleotides on Free Fatty Acids-Induced Hyperglycemia in Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:497. [PMID: 31447776 PMCID: PMC6691070 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma free fatty acids (FFA) level plays a central role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Our previous studies have shown that plasma 5'-adenosine monophosphate (5'-AMP) elevates and acts as a potential upstream regulator of hyperglycemia in diabetic db/db mice. The relationship between FFA and plasma adenosine nucleotides in type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Here we found that plasma 5'-AMP level was also increased in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD-STZ), as observed in diabetic db/db mice. The metabolites of adenosine nucleotides in plasma were increased in obese mice compared to lean mice. An acute oil gavage to lean mice increased both FFA and plasma purine metabolites, accompanying with glucose intolerance. 5'-AMP administration resulted in an increase in dose-dependent purine metabolites and different levels of glucose intolerance. FFA induced a release of adenine nucleotides from cultural human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) prior to induction of their apoptosis. FFA also reduced red blood cells (RBCs) resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to hemolysis, thereby increasing plasma nucleotides. Our results suggest that plasma adenine nucleotides play an intermediary role in FFA-induced glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia in obese mice.
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29
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Jeong JH, Lee N, Tucker MA, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Looney J, Thomas J, Derella CC, El-Marakby A, Musall JB, Sullivan JC, McKie KT, Forseen C, Davison GW, Harris RA. Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:60-66. [PMID: 30433862 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00629.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in maintaining vascular function, and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is a critical determinant of NO bioavailability. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of oral administration of BH4 on endothelial function in patients with CF. Twenty-nine patients with CF (18 ± 8 yr old) and 29 healthy matched controls were recruited. Patients with CF participated in a randomized trial where they received a 5 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-5; n = 17) or a 20 mg/kg dose of oral BH4 (BH4-20; n = 12). On a separate visit, a subset of patients from each group was retested following a placebo (PLC; n = 9). Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate vascular endothelial function, and a plasma sample was obtained before and 3 h after treatment. Cultured endothelial cells were treated with plasma to assess NO bioavailability. Baseline FMD was lower in patients compared with controls (5.7 ± 3.4 vs. 8.4 ± 3.5%, respectively, P = 0.005). No change in FMD was observed following PLC or BH4-5 (∆FMD: -0.8 ± 1.9% and -0.5 ± 2.5%; P = 0.273 and 0.132, respectively). Treatment with BH4-20, however, resulted in significant improvements in FMD (∆FMD: 1.1 ± 1.4%) compared with BH4-5 ( P = 0.023) and PLC ( P = 0.017). Moreover, BH4-20 significantly decreased endothelial cell superoxide production and increased NO production. These data suggest that a single oral dose of BH4 at 20 mg/kg improves vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely via increased endothelial NO synthase coupling. These findings support the hypothesis that loss of BH4 bioactivity contributes, in part, to endothelial dysfunction in patients with CF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY For the first time, the present study documents that a single dose of oral BH4 can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and our in vitro data suggest this is via decreasing uncoupled nitric oxide. These data provide insight into the important role of BH4 bioactivity in vascular dysfunction and provide the foundation for further investigation into the chronic effects of BH4 treatment in patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hee Jeong
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nichole Lee
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jacob Looney
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jeffrey Thomas
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Casandra C Derella
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ahmed El-Marakby
- Department of Oral Biology and Pharmacology, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gareth W Davison
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Lee N, Tucker MA, Csányi G, McKie KT, Forseen C, Harris RA. Sildenafil improves vascular endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H1486-H1494. [PMID: 30168731 PMCID: PMC6297813 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00301.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), characterized by defective CFTR function, is associated with multiple systemic complications, including vascular dysfunction. Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, not only enhances nitric oxide (NO) metabolism but has been shown to improve CFTR functionality as well. Thus, sildenafil has been proposed as a therapy to improve vascular health in CF; however, its potential therapeutic role has yet to be determined. We sought to investigate the effect of sildenafil on endothelial function in patients with CF. Patients with CF completed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study with an acute dose of sildenafil (50 mg) or placebo followed by a 4-wk open-label extension with sildenafil (20 mg/day). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was used to evaluate endothelial function before and after treatments. In addition, phosphorylated endothelial NO synthase (pNOS3) and total NOS3 protein expression was determined from endothelial cells that were exposed to plasma from the patients before and after 4 wk of sildenafil treatment. No changes ( P ≥ 0.110) in endothelial function were observed after the acute dose of sildenafil. However, FMD significantly ( P = 0.029) increased after 4 wk of treatment (∆FMD: 1.5 ± 2.2%). Moreover, pNOS3 protein expression significantly ( P = 0.013) increased after 4 wk of treatment (∆pNOS3: 0.31 ± 0.39 arbitrary units) and was associated ( r = 0.593, P = 0.033) with the change in FMD. These data suggest that 4 wk of sildenafil treatment can improve vascular endothelial function in patients with CF, likely through an increase in NOS3 phosphorylation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Findings from the present study demonstrate, for the first time, significant improvement of endothelial function in patients with cystic fibrosis treated with sildenafil that is associated with greater phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. These results support the use of sildenafil as a potential novel therapy for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nichole Lee
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Matthew A Tucker
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gábor Csányi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - Caralee Forseen
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ryan A Harris
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Augusta University , Augusta, Georgia
- Sport and Exercise Science Research Institute, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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31
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Simmons S, Erfinanda L, Bartz C, Kuebler WM. Novel mechanisms regulating endothelial barrier function in the pulmonary microcirculation. J Physiol 2018; 597:997-1021. [PMID: 30015354 DOI: 10.1113/jp276245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelial and vascular endothelial cell layers provide two sequential physical and immunological barriers that together form a semi-permeable interface and prevent alveolar and interstitial oedema formation. In this review, we focus specifically on the continuous endothelium of the pulmonary microvascular bed that warrants strict control of the exchange of gases, fluid, solutes and circulating cells between the plasma and the interstitial space. The present review provides an overview of emerging molecular mechanisms that permit constant transcellular exchange between the vascular and interstitial compartment, and cause, prevent or reverse lung endothelial barrier failure under experimental conditions, yet with a clinical perspective. Based on recent findings and at times seemingly conflicting results we discuss emerging paradigms of permeability regulation by altered ion transport as well as shifts in the homeostasis of sphingolipids, angiopoietins and prostaglandins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lasti Erfinanda
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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32
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Lidington D, Kroetsch JT, Bolz SS. Cerebral artery myogenic reactivity: The next frontier in developing effective interventions for subarachnoid hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:17-37. [PMID: 29135346 PMCID: PMC5757446 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17742548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a devastating cerebral event that kills or debilitates the majority of those afflicted. The blood that spills into the subarachnoid space stimulates profound cerebral artery vasoconstriction and consequently, cerebral ischemia. Thus, once the initial bleeding in SAH is appropriately managed, the clinical focus shifts to maintaining/improving cerebral perfusion. However, current therapeutic interventions largely fail to improve clinical outcome, because they do not effectively restore normal cerebral artery function. This review discusses emerging evidence that perturbed cerebrovascular "myogenic reactivity," a crucial microvascular process that potently dictates cerebral perfusion, is the critical element underlying cerebral ischemia in SAH. In fact, the myogenic mechanism could be the reason why many therapeutic interventions, including "Triple H" therapy, fail to deliver benefit to patients. Understanding the molecular basis for myogenic reactivity changes in SAH holds the key to develop more effective therapeutic interventions; indeed, promising recent advancements fuel optimism that vascular dysfunction in SAH can be corrected to improve outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Lidington
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Kroetsch
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- 1 Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,2 Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3 Heart & Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Totani L, Plebani R, Piccoli A, Di Silvestre S, Lanuti P, Recchiuti A, Cianci E, Dell'Elba G, Sacchetti S, Patruno S, Guarnieri S, Mariggiò MA, Mari VC, Anile M, Venuta F, Del Porto P, Moretti P, Prioletta M, Mucilli F, Marchisio M, Pandolfi A, Evangelista V, Romano M. Mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3243-3253. [PMID: 28847515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) patients exhibit signs of endothelial perturbation, the functions of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR) in vascular endothelial cells (EC) are poorly defined. We sought to uncover biological activities of endothelial CFTR, relevant for vascular homeostasis and inflammation. We examined cells from human umbilical cords (HUVEC) and pulmonary artery isolated from non-cystic fibrosis (PAEC) and CF human lungs (CF-PAEC), under static conditions or physiological shear. CFTR activity, clearly detected in HUVEC and PAEC, was markedly reduced in CF-PAEC. CFTR blockade increased endothelial permeability to macromolecules and reduced trans‑endothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Consistent with this, CF-PAEC displayed lower TEER compared to PAEC. Under shear, CFTR blockade reduced VE-cadherin and p120 catenin membrane expression and triggered the formation of paxillin- and vinculin-enriched membrane blebs that evolved in shrinking of the cell body and disruption of cell-cell contacts. These changes were accompanied by enhanced release of microvesicles, which displayed reduced capability to stimulate proliferation in recipient EC. CFTR blockade also suppressed insulin-induced NO generation by EC, likely by inhibiting eNOS and AKT phosphorylation, whereas it enhanced IL-8 release. Remarkably, phosphodiesterase inhibitors in combination with a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist corrected functional and morphological changes triggered by CFTR dysfunction in EC. Our results uncover regulatory functions of CFTR in EC, suggesting a physiological role of CFTR in the maintenance EC homeostasis and its involvement in pathogenetic aspects of CF. Moreover, our findings open avenues for novel pharmacology to control endothelial dysfunction and its consequences in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Totani
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Piccoli
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Sara Di Silvestre
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Recchiuti
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cianci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dell'Elba
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Silvio Sacchetti
- Center for Synaptic Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Patruno
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Simone Guarnieri
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Maria A Mariggiò
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Veronica C Mari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Anile
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Venuta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Del Porto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Moretti
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, S. Liberatore Hospital, Atri, TE, Italy
| | - Marco Prioletta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Felice Mucilli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Assunta Pandolfi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Virgilio Evangelista
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Pharmacology, Fondazione Mario Negri Sud, Santa Maria Imbaro (CH), Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Center on Aging Sciences and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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Krishnan V, Maddox JW, Rodriguez T, Gleason E. A role for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in the nitric oxide-dependent release of Cl - from acidic organelles in amacrine cells. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2842-2852. [PMID: 28835528 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00511.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Amino butyric acid (GABA) and glycine typically mediate synaptic inhibition because their ligand-gated ion channels support the influx of Cl- However, the electrochemical gradient for Cl- across the postsynaptic plasma membrane determines the voltage response of the postsynaptic cell. Typically, low cytosolic Cl- levels support inhibition, whereas higher levels of cytosolic Cl- can suppress inhibition or promote depolarization. We previously reported that nitric oxide (NO) releases Cl- from acidic organelles and transiently elevates cytosolic Cl-, making the response to GABA and glycine excitatory. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is involved in the NO-dependent efflux of organellar Cl- We first establish the mRNA and protein expression of CFTR in our model system, cultured chick retinal amacrine cells. Using whole cell voltage-clamp recordings of currents through GABA-gated Cl- channels, we examine the effects of pharmacological inhibition of CFTR on the NO-dependent release of internal Cl- To interfere with the expression of CFTR, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing. We find that both pharmacological inhibition and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockdown of CFTR block the ability of NO to release Cl- from internal stores. These results demonstrate that CFTR is required for the NO-dependent efflux of Cl- from acidic organelles.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although CFTR function has been studied extensively in the context of epithelia, relatively little is known about its function in neurons. We show that CFTR is involved in an NO-dependent release of Cl- from acidic organelles. This internal function of CFTR is particularly relevant to neuronal physiology because postsynaptic cytosolic Cl- levels determine the outcome of GABA- and glycinergic synaptic signaling. Thus the CFTR may play a role in regulating synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Krishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - J Wesley Maddox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Tyler Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Evanna Gleason
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Kim SK, Massett MP. Genetic Regulation of Endothelial Vasomotor Function. Front Physiol 2016; 7:571. [PMID: 27932996 PMCID: PMC5122706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays an important role in the regulation of vasomotor tone and the maintenance of vascular integrity. Endothelial dysfunction, i.e., impaired endothelial dependent dilation, is a fundamental component of the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Although endothelial dysfunction is associated with a number of cardiovascular disease risk factors, those risk factors are not the only determinants of endothelial dysfunction. Despite knowing many molecules involved in endothelial signaling pathways, the genetic contribution to endothelial function has yet to be fully elucidated. This mini-review summarizes current evidence supporting the genetic contribution to endothelial vasomotor function. Findings from population-based studies, association studies for candidate genes, and unbiased large genomic scale studies in humans and rodent models are discussed. A brief synopsis of the current studies addressing the genetic regulation of endothelial responses to exercise training is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Kyum Kim
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
- Tufts Medical Center, Molecular Cardiology Research InstituteBoston, MA, USA
| | - Michael P. Massett
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station, TX, USA
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SAYNOR ZOELOUISE, BARKER ALANROBERT, OADES PATRICKJOHN, WILLIAMS CRAIGANTHONY. Impaired Pulmonary V˙O2 Kinetics in Cystic Fibrosis Depend on Exercise Intensity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:2090-2099. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Boedtkjer E, Matchkov VV, Boedtkjer DMB, Aalkjaer C. Negative News: Cl− and HCO3− in the Vascular Wall. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 31:370-83. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00001.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cl− and HCO3− are the most prevalent membrane-permeable anions in the intra- and extracellular spaces of the vascular wall. Outwardly directed electrochemical gradients for Cl− and HCO3− permit anion channel opening to depolarize vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Transporters and channels for Cl− and HCO3− also modify vascular contractility and structure independently of membrane potential. Transport of HCO3− regulates intracellular pH and thereby modifies the activity of enzymes, ion channels, and receptors. There is also evidence that Cl− and HCO3− transport proteins affect gene expression and protein trafficking. Considering the extensive implications of Cl− and HCO3− in the vascular wall, it is critical to understand how these ions are transported under physiological conditions and how disturbances in their transport can contribute to disease development. Recently, sensing mechanisms for Cl− and HCO3− have been identified in the vascular wall where they modify ion transport and vasomotor function, for instance, during metabolic disturbances. This review discusses current evidence that transport (e.g., via NKCC1, NBCn1, Ca2+-activated Cl− channels, volume-regulated anion channels, and CFTR) and sensing (e.g., via WNK and RPTPγ) of Cl− and HCO3− influence cardiovascular health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Donna M. B. Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark; and
| | - Christian Aalkjaer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Pulmonary artery enlargement and cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbations: a cohort study. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016; 4:636-645. [PMID: 27298019 PMCID: PMC5672808 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(16)30105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Acute pulmonary exacerbations are associated with progressive lung function decline and increased mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). The role of pulmonary vascular disease in pulmonary exacerbations is unknown. We investigated the association between pulmonary artery enlargement (PA:A>1), a marker of pulmonary vascular disease, and exacerbations. Methods We analyzed clinical, computed tomography (CT), and prospective exacerbation data in a derivation cohort of 74 adult CF patients, measuring the PA:A at the level of the PA bifurcation. We then replicated our findings in a validation cohort of 190 adult CF patients. Patients were separated into groups based on the presence or absence of a PA:A>1 and were followed for 1-year in the derivation cohort and 2-years in the validation cohort. The primary endpoint was developing ≥1 acute pulmonary exacerbation during follow-up. Linear and logistic regression models were used to determine associations between clinical factors, the PA:A ratio, and pulmonary exacerbations. We used Cox regression to determine time to first exacerbation in the validation cohort. Findings We found that PA:A>1 was present in n=37/74 (50%) of the derivation and n=89/190 (47%) of the validation cohort. In the derivation cohort, n=50/74 (68%) had ≥1 exacerbation at 1 year and n=133/190 (70%) in the validation cohort had ≥1 exacerbation after 2 years. PA:A>1 was associated with younger age in both cohorts and with elevated sweat chloride (100.5±10.9 versus 90.4±19.9mmol/L, difference between groups 10.1mmol/L [95%CI 2.5–17.7], P=0.017) in the derivation group. PA:A>1 was associated with exacerbations in the derivation (OR 3.49, 95%CI 1.18–10.3, P=0.023) and validation (OR 2.41, 95%CI 1.06–5.52, P=0.037) cohorts when adjusted for confounders. Time to first exacerbation was shorter in PA:A>1 versus PA:A<1 [HR 1.66 (95%CI 1.18–2.34), P=0.004] in unadjusted analysis, but not when adjusted for sex, BMI, prior exacerbation, positive Pseudomonas status, and FEV1/FVC [HR 1.14 (95%CI 0.80–1.62), P=0.82]). Interpretation PA enlargement is prevalent in adult CF patients and is associated with acute pulmonary exacerbation risk in two well-characterized cohorts. PA:A may be a predictive marker in CF.
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Zaitseva II, Berggren PO, Zaitsev SV. Insulinotropic compounds decrease endothelial cell survival. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 33:1-8. [PMID: 26883446 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperglycemia induces damage of vascular endothelial cells leading to diabetic complications. We investigated the effects of insulinotropic compounds and elevated glucose on endothelial cells in the absence or presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). RESULTS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with glibenclamide, repaglinide and insulinotropic imidazolines at high glucose concentration in the presence or absence of VEGF and viability, proliferation and nitric oxide production were measured. Hyperglycemia inhibited pro-survival effects of VEGF on endothelial cells. Glibenclamide and repaglinide decreased HUVEC viability at elevated glucose concentration in the absence but not in the presence of VEGF, without affecting HUVEC proliferation. Repaglinide also had some positive influence on HUVEC function elevating NO production in the presence of VEGF. Imidazolines showed different activities on endothelial cell survival. Efaroxan diminished HUVEC viability at elevated glucose concentration in the presence, however not in the absence of VEGF, while RX871024 decreased HUVEC survival regardless of the presence of VEGF. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Our data demonstrate an important interplay between the actual insulinotropic compounds, VEGF and ambient glucose concentration affecting the survival of the vascular endothelial cells. Consequently, this interplay needs to be taken into consideration when designing novel oral antidiabetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Zaitseva
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergei V Zaitsev
- Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176 Stockholm, Sweden; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-chemical Biology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow 119992, Russia.
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Drug transporters in the nasal epithelium: an overview of strategies in targeted drug delivery. Future Med Chem 2015; 6:1381-97. [PMID: 25329195 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we discussed the expression of some ABC (e.g., P-glycoprortein, MRP and CFTR) and SLC (e.g., POT, DAT, OAT, OATP, OCT, EAAT2/GLT1 and GLUT) amino acid, metal and nucleoside transporters in the nasal mucosa. The localization and therapeutic targeting of these transporters are explored in detail. The wide array of transporters discovered so far in the nasal mucosa implies that a plethora of compounds can be delivered by targeting these transporters. The article concludes with a discussion of the potential challenges and delivery options for transporter-mediated drug targeting via the nasal route.
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Zinn VZ, Khatri A, Mednieks MI, Hand AR. Localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator signaling complexes in human salivary gland striated duct cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:140-8. [PMID: 25903037 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-regulated Cl(-) channel, crucial for epithelial cell regulation of salt and water transport. Previous studies showed that ezrin, an actin binding and A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP), facilitates association of PKA with CFTR. We used immunohistochemistry and immunogold transmission electron microscopy to localize CFTR, ezrin, and PKA type II regulatory (RII) and catalytic (C) subunits in striated duct cells of human parotid and submandibular glands. Immunohistochemistry localized the four proteins mainly to the apical membrane and the apical cytoplasm of striated duct cells. In acinar cells, ezrin localized to the luminal membrane, and PKA RII subunits were present in secretory granules, as previously described. Immunogold labeling showed that CFTR and PKA RII and C subunits were localized to the luminal membrane and associated with apical granules and vesicles of striated duct cells. Ezrin was present along the luminal membrane, on microvilli and along the junctional complexes between cells. Double labeling showed specific protein associations with apical granules and vesicles and along the luminal membrane. Ezrin, CFTR, and PKA RII and C subunits are co-localized in striated duct cells, suggesting the presence of signaling complexes that serve to regulate CFTR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vina Z Zinn
- University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
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Peters W, Kusche-Vihrog K, Oberleithner H, Schillers H. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is involved in polyphenol-induced swelling of the endothelial glycocalyx. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2015; 11:1521-30. [PMID: 25881741 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Previous studies show that polyphenol-rich compounds can induce a swelling of the endothelial glycocalyx (eGC). Our goal was to reveal the mechanism behind the eGC-swelling. As polyphenols are potent modulators of fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel, the hypothesis was tested whether polyphenol-induced increase in CFTR activity is responsible for the eGC-swelling. The impact of the polyphenols resveratrol, (-)-epicatechin, and quercetin on nanomechanics of living endothelial GM7373 cells was monitored by AFM-nanoindentation. The tested polyphenols lead to eGC-swelling with a simultaneous decrease in cortical stiffness. EGC-swelling, but not the change in cortical stiffness, was prevented by the inhibition of CFTR. Polyphenol-induced eGC-swelling could be mimicked by cytochalasin D, an actin-depolymerizing agent. Thus, in the vascular endothelium, polyphenols induce eGC-swelling by softening cortical actin and activating CFTR. Our findings imply that CFTR plays an important role in the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and may explain the vasoprotective properties of polyphenols. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Many vascular problems clinically can be attributed to a dysregulation of endothelial glycocalyx (eGC). The underlying mechanism however remains unclear. In this article, the authors used nanoindentation and showed that polyphenols could swell the endothelial glycocalyx and alter its function. This investigative method can lead to further mechanistic studies of other molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wladimir Peters
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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Bulley S, Jaggar JH. Cl⁻ channels in smooth muscle cells. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:861-72. [PMID: 24077695 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In smooth muscle cells (SMCs), the intracellular chloride ion (Cl−) concentration is high due to accumulation by Cl−/HCO3− exchange and Na+–K+–Cl− cotransportation. The equilibrium potential for Cl− (ECl) is more positive than physiological membrane potentials (Em), with Cl− efflux inducing membrane depolarization. Early studies used electrophysiology and nonspecific antagonists to study the physiological relevance of Cl− channels in SMCs. More recent reports have incorporated molecular biological approaches to identify and determine the functional significance of several different Cl− channels. Both "classic" and cGMP-dependent calcium (Ca2+)-activated (ClCa) channels and volume-sensitive Cl− channels are present, with TMEM16A/ANO1, bestrophins, and ClC-3, respectively, proposed as molecular candidates for these channels. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has also been described in SMCs. This review will focus on discussing recent progress made in identifying each of these Cl− channels in SMCs, their physiological functions, and contribution to diseases that modify contraction, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.
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Reverri EJ, Morrissey BM, Cross CE, Steinberg FM. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adults with cystic fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:261-77. [PMID: 25172163 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) represents one of a number of localized lung and non-lung diseases with an intense chronic inflammatory component associated with evidence of systemic oxidative stress. Many of these chronic inflammatory diseases are accompanied by an array of atherosclerotic processes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), another condition strongly related to inflammation and oxidative stress. As a consequence of a dramatic increase in long-lived patients with CF in recent decades, the specter of CVD must be considered in these patients who are now reaching middle age and beyond. Buttressed by recent data documenting that CF patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction, a recognized precursor of atherosclerosis and CVD, the spectrum of risk factors for CVD in CF is reviewed here. Epidemiological data further characterizing the presence and extent of atherogenic processes in CF patients would seem important to obtain. Such studies should further inform and offer mechanistic insights into how other chronic inflammatory diseases potentiate the processes leading to CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Reverri
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian M Morrissey
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Clinic and Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4150 V Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Francene M Steinberg
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, 3135 Meyer Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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El Hiani Y, Linsdell P. Conformational changes opening and closing the CFTR chloride channel: insights from cysteine scanning mutagenesis. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:481-8. [PMID: 25367045 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal genetic disease affecting young people in North America, is caused by failure of the chloride ion channel known as CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). CFTR belongs to the large family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters. In CFTR, ATP-driven events at the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) open and close a gate that controls chloride permeation. However, the conformational changes concomitant with opening and closing of the CFTR gate are unknown. Diverse techniques including substituted cysteine accessibility method, disulfide cross-linking, and patch-clamp recording have been used to explore CFTR channel structure. Here, we consider the architecture of both the open and the closed CFTR channel. We review how CFTR channel structure changes between the closed and the open channel conformations and portray the relative function of both cytoplasmic and vestigial gates during the gating cycle. Understanding how the CFTR channel gates chloride permeation is central for understanding how CFTR defects lead to CF. Such knowledge opens the door for novel ways to maximize CFTR channel activity in a CF setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Peotta VA, Bhandary P, Ogu U, Volk KA, Roghair RD. Reduced blood pressure of CFTR-F508del carriers correlates with diminished arterial reactivity rather than circulating blood volume in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96756. [PMID: 24801204 PMCID: PMC4011854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The F508del mutation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the most common cause of cystic fibrosis (CF). Both CF patients and F508del carriers have decreased blood pressure. While this has been attributed to salt depletion, recent studies have shown F508del expression interferes with smooth muscle cell calcium mobilization. We tested the hypothesis that carriers of the F508del mutation have lower adult blood pressures and reduced aortic contractility without a reduction in circulating blood volume. By radiotelemetry, F508del heterozygous mice had significantly lower arterial pressures than wild-type C57BL/6 controls, with the greatest effect seen at the time of dark-to-light cycle transition (mean difference of 10 mmHg). To replicate the vascular effects of sympathetic arousal, isoproterenol and epinephrine were co-infused, and F508del mice again had significantly reduced arterial pressures. Aortas isolated from F508del heterozygous mice had significantly decreased constriction to noradrenaline (0.9±0.2 versus 2.9±0.7 mN). Inhibition of wild-type CFTR or the inositol triphosphate receptor replicated the phenotype of F508del aortas. CFTR carrier status did not alter circulating blood volume. We conclude the CFTR-F508del mutation decreases aortic contractility and lowers arterial pressures. As a cAMP-activated chloride channel that facilitates calcium mobilization, we speculate wild-type CFTR co-activation during adrenergic receptor stimulation buffers the vasodilatory response to catecholamines, and loss of this compensatory vasoconstrictor tone may contribute to the lower arterial pressures seen in heterozygote carriers of a CFTR-F508del mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A. Peotta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Prasad Bhandary
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ugochi Ogu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Roghair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Marino G, Kotsias B. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) in human trophoblast BeWo cells and its relation to cell migration. Placenta 2014; 35:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Rhett JM, Fann SA, Yost MJ. Purinergic signaling in early inflammatory events of the foreign body response: modulating extracellular ATP as an enabling technology for engineered implants and tissues. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:392-402. [PMID: 24279914 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is a ubiquitous and vital aspect of mammalian biology in which purines--mainly adenosine triphosphate (ATP)--are released from cells through loss of membrane integrity (cell death), exocytosis, or transport/diffusion across membrane channels, and exert paracrine or autocrine signaling effects through three subclasses of well-characterized receptors: the P1 adenosine receptors, the P2X ionotropic nucleotide receptors, and the P2Y metabotropic receptors. ATP and its metabolites are released by damaged and stressed cells in injured tissues. The early events of wound healing, hemostasis, and inflammation are highly regulated by these signals through activation of purinergic receptors on platelets and neutrophils. Recent data have demonstrated that ATP signaling is of particular importance to targeting leukocytes to sites of injury. This is particularly relevant to the subject of implanted medical devices, engineered tissues, and grafts as all these technologies elicit a wound healing response with varying degrees of encapsulation, rejection, extrusion, or destruction of the tissue or device. Here, we review the biology of purinergic signaling and focus on ATP release and response mechanisms that pertain to the early inflammatory phase of wound healing. Finally, therapeutic options are explored, including a new class of peptidomimetic drugs based on the ATP-conductive channel connexin43.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Rhett
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina , Charleston, South Carolina
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Abstract
Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channels (CaCCs) are plasma membrane proteins involved in various important physiological processes. In epithelial cells, CaCC activity mediates the secretion of Cl(-) and of other anions, such as bicarbonate and thiocyanate. In smooth muscle and excitable cells of the nervous system, CaCCs have an excitatory role coupling intracellular Ca(2+) elevation to membrane depolarization. Recent studies indicate that TMEM16A (transmembrane protein 16 A or anoctamin 1) and TMEM16B (transmembrane protein 16 B or anoctamin 2) are CaCC-forming proteins. Induced expression of TMEM16A and B in null cells by transfection causes the appearance of Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) currents similar to those described in native tissues. Furthermore, silencing of TMEM16A by RNAi causes disappearance of CaCC activity in cells from airway epithelium, biliary ducts, salivary glands, and blood vessel smooth muscle. Mice devoid of TMEM16A expression have impaired Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) secretion in the epithelial cells of the airways, intestine, and salivary glands. These animals also show a loss of gastrointestinal motility, a finding consistent with an important function of TMEM16A in the electrical activity of gut pacemaker cells, that is, the interstitial cells of Cajal. Identification of TMEM16 proteins will help to elucidate the molecular basis of Cl(-) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Ferrera
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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Guo JJ, Stoltz DA, Zhu V, Volk KA, Segar JL, McCray PB, Roghair RD. Genotype-specific alterations in vascular smooth muscle cell function in cystic fibrosis piglets. J Cyst Fibros 2013; 13:251-9. [PMID: 24183914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common CF-causing mutations interfere with CFTR trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (CFTR-F508del) or prematurely terminate transcription (CFTR-null). We suspected that genotype-specific patterns of CFTR expression would have differential effects on smooth muscle cell calcium signaling and hence vascular tone. We hypothesized that compared to wild-type or CFTR-null aorta, aorta from CFTR-F508del (dF) piglets will have reduced endoplasmic reticulum calcium mobilization and decreased vasoconstriction. METHODS Aortic reactivity was assessed by myography, and ratiometric calcium imaging was performed in isolated vascular smooth muscle cells. RESULTS Aorta from dF piglets had reduced myogenic tone (P<0.001) and decreased constriction to KCl (P<0.05). Combined inhibition of ryanodine and IP3 receptors decreased wild-type and CFTR-null responses to levels seen in dF aorta. Compared to wild-type cells, dF-expressing smooth muscle cells had reduced calcium transients, while CFTR-null cells had decreased baseline intracellular calcium concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Expression of CFTR-F508del interferes with smooth muscle cell calcium handling and decreases aortic responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinny J Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Vivian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Kenneth A Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Segar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Paul B McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Robert D Roghair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
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