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Hosseinkhani S, Amandadi M, Ghanavatian P, Zarein F, Ataei F, Nikkhah M, Vandenabeele P. Harnessing luciferase chemistry in regulated cell death modalities and autophagy: overview and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39417351 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Regulated cell death is a fate of cells in (patho)physiological conditions during which extrinsic or intrinsic signals or redox equilibrium pathways following infection, cellular stress or injury are coupled to cell death modalities like apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis or ferroptosis. An immediate survival response to cellular stress is often induction of autophagy, a process that deals with removal of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles by a lysosomal recycling process. These cellular processes and their regulation are crucial in several human diseases. Exploiting high-throughput assays which discriminate distinct cell death modalities and autophagy are critical to identify potential therapeutic agents that modulate these cellular responses. In the past few years, luciferase-based assays have been widely developed for assessing regulated cell death and autophagy pathways due to their simplicity, sensitivity, known chemistry, different spectral properties and high-throughput potential. Here, we review basic principles of bioluminescent reactions from a mechanistic perspective, along with their implication in vitro and in vivo for probing cell death and autophagy pathways. These include applying luciferase-, luciferin-, and ATP-based biosensors for investigating regulated cell death modalities. We discuss multiplex bioluminescence platforms which simultaneously distinguish between the various cell death phenomena and cellular stress recovery processes such as autophagy. We also highlight the recent technological achievements of bioluminescent tools for the prediction of drug effectiveness in pathways associated with regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Hosseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojdeh Amandadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Ghanavatian
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fateme Zarein
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farangis Ataei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nikkhah
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- Cell Death and Inflammation Unit, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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2
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Sui C, Robinson TE, Williams RL, Eisenstein NM, Grover LM. Triggered metabolism of adenosine triphosphate as an explanation for the chemical heterogeneity of heterotopic ossification. Commun Chem 2023; 6:227. [PMID: 37857687 PMCID: PMC10587346 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01015-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO), the pathological formation of bone in soft tissues, is a debilitating condition, as well as one of the few instances of de novo bone formation in adults. Chemical mapping of HO tissue showed distinct islands of calcium phosphate within phosphate-deficient, calcium-rich regions, suggesting a transition to apatitic bone mineral from a non-phosphatic precursor. The transition of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), a generally suggested bone-mineral precursor, in physiological conditions was thus investigated. Here, we show that adenosine triphosphate (ATP), present in high amounts in forming bone, stabilised ACC for weeks in physiological conditions and that enzymatic degradation of ATP triggered rapid crystallisation into apatite, through an amorphous calcium phosphate phase. It is suggested that this localised enzymatic degradation could explain the chemical heterogeneity seen in HO and may also represent a pathway to physiological bone mineralisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Sui
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Thomas E Robinson
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard L Williams
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Neil M Eisenstein
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Liam M Grover
- Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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3
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Xiang Z, Zhao J, Qu J, Song J, Li L. A Multivariate‐Gated DNA Nanodevice for Spatioselective Imaging of Pro‐metastatic Targets in Extracellular Microenvironment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichu Xiang
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
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Wong J, Gu BJ, Teoh H, Krupa M, Monif M, Slee M, Wiley JS. Flow Cytometry Identifies an Early Stage of Platelet Apoptosis Produced by Agonists of the P2X1 and P2X7 Receptors. Platelets 2022; 33:621-631. [PMID: 35042433 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1981844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platelets express P2X1 receptors and our data also show the expression of P2X7 receptors. We studied the role of both receptors in platelet apoptosis by incubation of PRP with P2X agonists, then centrifuged to remove viable platelets, and analyzed the supernatant by flow cytometry to identify a sparse platelet-derived population that stained with MitoTracker dyes and CD41. BzATP, a potent agonist of P2X receptors, and ABT737, an activator of intrinsic apoptosis, produced altered platelets that stained moderately for annexin V and corresponded to an early stage apoptotic platelet (ESAP). Over a range of BzATP concentrations, we observed a dose-dependent formation of ESAPs between 5 and 500 uM BzATP, together with a variable formation of ESAPs at nanomolar ATP or BzATP (50-200 nM). Production of ESAPs occurred with αβ-meATP, while responses with either BzATP or αβ-meATP showed desensitization at a higher agonist concentration. Formation of ESAPs by either 100 nM or 0.5 mM BzATP was inhibited by preincubation of platelets with latrunculin A, an inhibitor of the actin cytoskeleton that prevents apoptosis. ESAP production was totally inhibited by preincubation of platelets with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, which removes cholesterol from lipid rafts. Our data show that both P2X1 and P2X7 receptors are localized in platelet lipid rafts where P2X-agonists act to produce early stage apoptotic platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelyn Wong
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben J Gu
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Teoh
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Krupa
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mark Slee
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - James S Wiley
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Haematology Department, Box Hill Hospital, Australia
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5
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Xiang Z, Zhao J, Qu J, Song J, Li L. A Multivariate-Gated DNA Nanodevice for Spatioselective Imaging of Pro-metastatic Targets in Extracellular Microenvironment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202111836. [PMID: 34779093 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Probing pro-metastatic biomarkers is of significant importance to evaluate the risk of tumor metastasis, but spatially selective imaging of such targets in extracellular microenvironment is particularly challenging. By introducing the bilinguality of PNA/peptide hybrid that can speak both peptide substrate and nucleobase-pairing languages to combine with aptamer technology, we designed a smart DNA nanodevice programmed to respond sequentially to dual pro-metastatic targets, MMP2/9 and ATP, in extracellular tumor microenvironment (TME). The DNA nanodevice is established based on the combination of an ATP-responsive aptamer sensor and a MMP2/9-hydrolyzable PNA/peptide copolymer with a cell membrane-anchoring aptamer module. Taking 4T1 xenograft as a highly aggressive tumor model, the robustness of the DNA nanodevice in spatioselective imaging of MMP2/9 and ATP in TME is demonstrated. We envision that this design will enable the simultaneous visualization of multiple pro-metastatic biomarkers, which allows to gain insights into their pathological roles in tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichu Xiang
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.,CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Lele Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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6
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Virus-induced senescence is a driver and therapeutic target in COVID-19. Nature 2021; 599:283-289. [PMID: 34517409 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03995-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Derailed cytokine and immune cell networks account for the organ damage and the clinical severity of COVID-19 (refs. 1-4). Here we show that SARS-CoV-2, like other viruses, evokes cellular senescence as a primary stress response in infected cells. Virus-induced senescence (VIS) is indistinguishable from other forms of cellular senescence and is accompanied by a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which comprises pro-inflammatory cytokines, extracellular-matrix-active factors and pro-coagulatory mediators5-7. Patients with COVID-19 displayed markers of senescence in their airway mucosa in situ and increased serum levels of SASP factors. In vitro assays demonstrated macrophage activation with SASP-reminiscent secretion, complement lysis and SASP-amplifying secondary senescence of endothelial cells, which mirrored hallmark features of COVID-19 such as macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, endothelial damage and widespread thrombosis in affected lung tissue1,8,9. Moreover, supernatant from VIS cells, including SARS-CoV-2-induced senescence, induced neutrophil extracellular trap formation and activation of platelets and the clotting cascade. Senolytics such as navitoclax and a combination of dasatinib plus quercetin selectively eliminated VIS cells, mitigated COVID-19-reminiscent lung disease and reduced inflammation in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and mice. Our findings mark VIS as a pathogenic trigger of COVID-19-related cytokine escalation and organ damage, and suggest that senolytic targeting of virus-infected cells is a treatment option against SARS-CoV-2 and perhaps other viral infections.
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7
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Sanders KM, Mutafova-Yambolieva VN. Neurotransmitters responsible for purinergic motor neurotransmission and regulation of GI motility. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102829. [PMID: 34146957 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical concepts of peripheral neurotransmission were insufficient to explain enteric inhibitory neurotransmission. Geoffrey Burnstock and colleagues developed the idea that ATP or a related purine satisfies the criteria for a neurotransmitter and serves as an enteric inhibitory neurotransmitter in GI muscles. Cloning of purinergic receptors and development of specific drugs and transgenic mice have shown that enteric inhibitory responses depend upon P2Y1 receptors in post-junctional cells. The post-junctional cells that transduce purinergic neurotransmitters in the GI tract are PDGFRα+ cells and not smooth muscle cells (SMCs). PDGFRα+ cells express P2Y1 receptors, are activated by enteric inhibitory nerve stimulation and generate Ca2+ oscillations, express small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK3), and generate outward currents when exposed to P2Y1 agonists. These properties are consistent with post-junctional purinergic responses, and similar responses and effectors are not functional in SMCs. Refinements in methodologies to measure purines in tissue superfusates, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with etheno-derivatization of purines and fluorescence detection, revealed that multiple purines are released during stimulation of intrinsic nerves. β-NAD+ and other purines, better satisfy criteria for the purinergic neurotransmitter than ATP. HPLC has also allowed better detection of purine metabolites, and coupled with isolation of specific types of post-junctional cells, has provided new concepts about deactivation of purine neurotransmitters. In spite of steady progress, many unknowns about purinergic neurotransmission remain and require additional investigation to understand this important regulatory mechanism in GI motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Violeta N Mutafova-Yambolieva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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8
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Lombardi M, Gabrielli M, Adinolfi E, Verderio C. Role of ATP in Extracellular Vesicle Biogenesis and Dynamics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:654023. [PMID: 33790800 PMCID: PMC8006391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.654023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is among the molecules involved in the immune response. It acts as danger signal that promotes inflammation by activating both P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors expressed in immune cells, including microglia, and tumor cells. One of the most important receptors implicated in ATP-induced inflammation is P2X7 receptor (P2X7R). The stimulation of P2X7R by high concentration of ATP results in cell proliferation, inflammasome activation and shedding of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are membrane structures released by all cells, which contain a selection of donor cell components, including proteins, lipids, RNA and ATP itself, and are able to transfer these molecules to target cells. ATP stimulation not only promotes EV production from microglia but also influences EV composition and signaling to the environment. In the present review, we will discuss the current knowledge on the role of ATP in the biogenesis and dynamics of EVs, which exert important functions in physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lombardi
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Research Labs-University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Martina Gabrielli
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Research Labs-University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Verderio
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Research Labs-University Milano-Bicocca, Vedano al Lambro, Italy
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P2X-GCaMPs as Versatile Tools for Imaging Extracellular ATP Signaling. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0185-20.2020. [PMID: 33380526 PMCID: PMC7877454 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0185-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is an extracellular signaling molecule involved in numerous physiological and pathologic processes. However, in situ characterization of the spatiotemporal dynamic of extracellular ATP is still challenging because of the lack of sensor with appropriate specificity, sensitivity, and kinetics. Here, we report the development of biosensors based on the fusion of cation permeable ATP receptors (P2X) to genetically encoded calcium sensors [genetically encoded calcium indicator (GECI)]. By combining the features of P2X receptors with the high signal-to-noise ratio of GECIs, we generated ultrasensitive green and red fluorescent sniffers that detect nanomolar ATP concentrations in situ and also enable the tracking of P2X receptor activity. We provide the proof of concept that these sensors can dynamically track ATP release evoked by depolarization in mouse neurons or by extracellular hypotonicity. Targeting these P2X-based biosensors to diverse cell types should advance our knowledge of extracellular ATP dynamics in vivo.
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10
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Purinergic Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031207. [PMID: 33530557 PMCID: PMC7865261 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a hallmark of several cardiovascular anomalies, including ischaemia/reperfusion injury and inflammation. During both ischaemia/reperfusion and inflammation, massive amounts of various nucleotides, particularly adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine, are released that can induce a plethora of signalling pathways via activation of several purinergic receptors and may affect endothelial barrier properties. The nature of the effects on endothelial barrier function may depend on the prevalence and type of purinergic receptors activated in a particular tissue. In this review, we discuss the influence of the activation of various purinergic receptors and downstream signalling pathways on vascular permeability during pathological conditions.
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Aparna A, Kumar YS, Bhikshapathi DVRN. Formulation and In Vivo Evaluation of Ticagrelor Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Nanotechnol 2021; 9:61-69. [PMID: 32640972 DOI: 10.2174/2211738508666200708150151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticagrelor (TGR), being an antiplatelet agent, belongs to BCS class IV drug with low solubility and permeability that undergoes first-pass metabolism, leading to reduced bioavailability of 36%. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to develop TGR SNEDDS for enhancing solubility and oral bioavailability. METHODS An oil, surfactant and co-surfactant (miglyol 810, brij 35 and lauro glycol FCC) are chosen based on the maximum solubility of TGR. The selected vehicles are mixed in different ratios and are agitated mildly. Transmittance values that are more than 80 were noted and are used for constructing pseudo ternary phase diagram. Formulations that passed stability testing were evaluated for % transmission, drug content and in vitro drug release analysis. In vivo bioavailability studies of optimized SNEDDS are performed in Wistar rats. RESULTS From evaluation studies of TGR, formulation F13 with maximum drug release of 98.99% in 60 minutes, that is higher than 31.99% of the pure drug is considered as an optimised formulation. The particle size, Z average and zeta potential of the optimized TGR formulation F13 was 289.6 nm, 185.1 nm and -18.3 mV respectively. The FTIR and SEM studies do not indicate any drug excipient interaction and confirm nano size which is stable for 3 months. From in vivo bioavailability studies in rats, the Cmax of optimized TGR SNEDDS (302.43±4.78 ng/ml) is higher than pure TGR suspension (47.32±2.75 ng/ml) and optimized SNEDDS exhibited 5 folds increase in oral bioavailability when compared to pure drug. CONCLUSION Hence the results reveal that, application of SNEDDS formulation technique for TGR Increases solubility and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adella Aparna
- Mewar University, Chittorgarh-312901, Rajasthan, India
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12
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Woo SH, Trinh TN. P2 Receptors in Cardiac Myocyte Pathophysiology and Mechanotransduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010251. [PMID: 33383710 PMCID: PMC7794727 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP is a major energy source in the mammalian cells, but it is an extracellular chemical messenger acting on P2 purinergic receptors. A line of evidence has shown that ATP is released from many different types of cells including neurons, endothelial cells, and muscle cells. In this review, we described the distribution of P2 receptor subtypes in the cardiac cells and their physiological and pathological roles in the heart. So far, the effects of external application of ATP or its analogues, and those of UTP on cardiac contractility and rhythm have been reported. In addition, specific genetic alterations and pharmacological agonists and antagonists have been adopted to discover specific roles of P2 receptor subtypes including P2X4-, P2X7-, P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors in cardiac cells under physiological and pathological conditions. Accumulated data suggest that P2X4 receptors may play a beneficial role in cardiac muscle function, and that P2Y2- and P2Y6-receptors can induce cardiac fibrosis. Recent evidence further demonstrates P2Y1 receptor and P2X4 receptor as important mechanical signaling molecules to alter membrane potential and Ca2+ signaling in atrial myocytes and their uneven expression profile between right and left atrium.
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P2X7 receptor and the NLRP3 inflammasome: Partners in crime. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114385. [PMID: 33359010 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that on one hand plays a central role in cellular energetics and which on the other is a ubiquitous signaling molecule when released into the extracellular media. Extracellular ATP accumulates in inflammatory environments where it acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern and activates the purinergic P2X receptor 7 (P2X7) in immune cells. P2X7 receptor activation induces the formation of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and the activation of the inflammatory caspase-1. Caspase-1 causes an inflammatory type of cell death called pyroptosis through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and intracellular content. Consequently, intense research efforts have been devoted to the design of novel anti-inflammatory therapies, focusing in particular on the P2X7 receptor and the NLRP3 pathway and the introduction of new blocking molecules in early phase clinical trials.
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14
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Yegutkin GG. Adenosine metabolism in the vascular system. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114373. [PMID: 33340515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of extracellular purinergic signaling was first proposed by Geoffrey Burnstock in the early 1970s. Since then, extracellular ATP and its metabolites ADP and adenosine have attracted an enormous amount of attention in terms of their involvement in a wide range of immunomodulatory, thromboregulatory, angiogenic, vasoactive and other pathophysiological activities in different organs and tissues, including the vascular system. In addition to significant progress in understanding the properties of nucleotide- and adenosine-selective receptors, recent studies have begun to uncover the complexity of regulatory mechanisms governing the duration and magnitude of the purinergic signaling cascade. This knowledge has led to the development of new paradigms in understanding the entire purinome by taking into account the multitude of signaling and metabolic pathways involved in biological effects of ATP and adenosine and compartmentalization of the adenosine system. Along with the "canonical route" of ATP breakdown to adenosine via sequential ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (NTPDase1/CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase/CD73 activities, it has now become clear that purine metabolism is the result of concerted effort between ATP release, its metabolism through redundant nucleotide-inactivating and counteracting ATP-regenerating ectoenzymatic pathways, as well as cellular nucleoside uptake and phosphorylation of adenosine to ATP through complex phosphotransfer reactions. In this review I provide an overview of key enzymes involved in adenosine metabolic network, with special emphasis on the emerging roles of purine-converting ectoenzymes as novel targets for cancer and vascular therapies.
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15
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Carrasco-López C, Lui NM, Schramm S, Naumov P. The elusive relationship between structure and colour emission in beetle luciferases. Nat Rev Chem 2020; 5:4-20. [PMID: 37118106 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-020-00238-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In beetles, luciferase enzymes catalyse the conversion of chemical energy into light through bioluminescence. The principles of this process have become a fundamental biotechnological tool that revolutionized biological research. Different beetle species can emit different colours of light, despite using the same substrate and highly homologous luciferases. The chemical reasons for these different colours are hotly debated yet remain unresolved. This Review summarizes the structural, biochemical and spectrochemical data on beetle bioluminescence reported over the past three decades. We identify the factors that govern what colour is emitted by wild-type and mutant luciferases. This topic is controversial, but, in general, we note that green emission requires cationic residues in a specific position near the benzothiazole fragment of the emitting molecule, oxyluciferin. The commonly emitted green-yellow light can be readily changed to red by introducing a variety of individual and multiple mutations. However, complete switching of the emitted light from red to green has not been accomplished and the synergistic effects of combined mutations remain unexplored. The minor colour shifts produced by most known mutations could be important in establishing a 'mutational catalogue' to fine-tune emission of beetle luciferases, thereby expanding the scope of their applications.
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16
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Li X, Feng K, Li L, Yang L, Pan X, Yazd HS, Cui C, Li J, Moroz L, Sun Y, Wang B, Li X, Huang T, Tan W. Lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates for bioapplications. Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1933-1953. [PMID: 34691533 PMCID: PMC8290939 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates (LONs) are powerful molecular-engineering materials for various applications ranging from biosensors to biomedicine. Their unique amphiphilic structures enable the self-assembly and the conveyance of information with high fidelity. In particular, LONs present remarkable potential in measuring cellular mechanical forces and monitoring cell behaviors. LONs are also essential sensing tools for intracellular imaging and have been employed in developing cell-surface-anchored DNA nanostructures for biomimetic-engineering studies. When incorporating therapeutic oligonucleotides or small-molecule drugs, LONs hold promise for targeted therapy. Moreover, LONs mediate the controllable assembly and fusion of vesicles based on DNA-strand displacements, contributing to nanoreactor construction and macromolecule delivery. In this review, we will summarize the general synthesis strategies of LONs, provide some characterization analysis and emphasize recent advances in bioanalytical and biomedical applications. We will also consider the relevant challenges and suggest future directions for building better functional LONs in nanotechnology and materials-science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Kejun Feng
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, China
| | - Long Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Xiaoshu Pan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Hoda Safari Yazd
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Cheng Cui
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Juan Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Leonid Moroz
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Yujia Sun
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Bang Wang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Tong Huang
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Health Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute and McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611–7200, USA
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio- Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Biology, and Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences; The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Di Virgilio F, Vultaggio-Poma V, Sarti AC. P2X receptors in cancer growth and progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 187:114350. [PMID: 33253643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is increasingly appreciated that ion channels have a crucial role in tumors, either as promoters of cancer cell growth, or modulators of immune cell functions, or both. Among ion channels, P2X receptors have a special status because they are gated by ATP, a common and abundant component of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, one P2X receptor, i.e. P2X7, may also function as a conduit for ATP release, thus fuelling the increased extracellular ATP level in the tumor interstitium. These findings show that P2X receptors and extracellular ATP are indissoluble partners and key regulators of tumor growth, and suggest the exploitation of the extracellular ATP-P2X partnership to develop innovative therapeutic approaches to cancer.
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18
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Extracellular ATP: A Feasible Target for Cancer Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112496. [PMID: 33212982 PMCID: PMC7698494 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the main biochemical components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where it can promote tumor progression or tumor suppression depending on its concentration and on the specific ecto-nucleotidases and receptors expressed by immune and cancer cells. ATP can be released from cells via both specific and nonspecific pathways. A non-regulated release occurs from dying and damaged cells, whereas active release involves exocytotic granules, plasma membrane-derived microvesicles, specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and membrane channels (connexin hemichannels, pannexin 1 (PANX1), calcium homeostasis modulator 1 (CALHM1), volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) and maxi-anion channels (MACs)). Extracellular ATP acts at P2 purinergic receptors, among which P2X7R is a key mediator of the final ATP-dependent biological effects. Over the years, P2 receptor- or ecto-nucleotidase-targeting for cancer therapy has been proposed and actively investigated, while comparatively fewer studies have explored the suitability of TME ATP as a target. In this review, we briefly summarize the available evidence suggesting that TME ATP has a central role in determining tumor fate and is, therefore, a suitable target for cancer therapy.
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19
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Deng J, Walther A. ATP-Responsive and ATP-Fueled Self-Assembling Systems and Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002629. [PMID: 32881127 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a central metabolite that plays an indispensable role in various cellular processes, from energy supply to cell-to-cell signaling. Nature has developed sophisticated strategies to use the energy stored in ATP for many metabolic and non-equilibrium processes, and to sense and bind ATP for biological signaling. The variations in the ATP concentrations from one organelle to another, from extracellular to intracellular environments, and from normal cells to cancer cells are one motivation for designing ATP-triggered and ATP-fueled systems and materials, because they show great potential for applications in biological systems by using ATP as a trigger or chemical fuel. Over the last decade, ATP has been emerging as an attractive co-assembling component for man-made stimuli-responsive as well as for fuel-driven active systems and materials. Herein, current advances and emerging concepts for ATP-triggered and ATP-fueled self-assemblies and materials are discussed, shedding light on applications and highlighting future developments. By bringing together concepts of different domains, that is from supramolecular chemistry to DNA nanoscience, from equilibrium to non-equilibrium self-assembly, and from fundamental sciences to applications, the aim is to cross-fertilize current approaches with the ultimate aim to bring synthetic ATP-dependent systems closer to living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Deng
- A3BMS Lab - Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab - Active, Adaptive and Autonomous Bioinspired Materials, Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 31, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, 79110, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
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20
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Vargas-Martínez EM, Gómez-Coronado KS, Espinosa-Luna R, Valdez-Morales EE, Barrios-García T, Barajas-Espinosa A, Ochoa-Cortes F, Montaño LM, Barajas-López C, Guerrero-Alba R. Functional expression of P2X1, P2X4 and P2X7 purinergic receptors in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173460. [PMID: 32805257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to examine the co-expression of the following purinergic receptor subunits: P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 and characterize the P2X response in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Single-cell RT-PCR shows the presence of P2X1, P2X1del, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA in 40%, 5%, 20%, and 90% of human MDMs, respectively. Of the studied human MDMs, 25% co-expressed P2X1 and P2X7 mRNA; 5% co-expressed P2X4 and P2X7; and 15% co-expressed P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 mRNA. In whole-cell patch clamp recordings of human MDMs, rapid application of ATP (0.01 mM) evoked fast current activation and two different desensitization kinetics: 1. a rapid desensitizing current antagonized by PPADS (1 μM), reminiscent of the P2X1 receptor's current; 2. a slow desensitizing current, insensitive to PPADS but potentiated by ivermectin (3 μM), similar to the P2X4 receptor's current. Application of 5 mM ATP induced three current modalities: 1. slow current activation with no desensitization, similar to the P2X7 receptor current, present in 69% of human macrophages and antagonized by A-804598 (0.1 μM); 2. fast current activation and fast desensitization, present in 15% of human MDMs; 3. fast activation current followed by biphasic desensitization, observed in 15% of human MDMs. Both rapid and biphasic desensitization kinetics resemble those observed for the recombinant human P2X1 receptor expressed in oocytes. These data demonstrate, for the first time, the co-expression of P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 transcripts and confirm the presence of functional P2X1, P2X4, and P2X7 receptors in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eydie M Vargas-Martínez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Karen S Gómez-Coronado
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Rosa Espinosa-Luna
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Morales
- Catedras CONACYT, Departamento de Medicina, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, México
| | - Fernando Ochoa-Cortes
- Licenciatura en Enfermería, Escuela Superior de Huejutla, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Huejutla de Reyes, Hidalgo, México
| | - Luis M Montaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, México
| | - Carlos Barajas-López
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, SLP, México
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México.
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21
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Wong CC, Huang YM, Chen CH, Lin FH, Yeh YY, Bai MY. Cytokine and Growth Factor Delivery from Implanted Platelet-Rich Fibrin Enhances Rabbit Achilles Tendon Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093221. [PMID: 32370144 PMCID: PMC7247336 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are hypocellular and hypovascular tissues, and thus, their natural healing capacity is low. In this study, we sought to evaluate the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) to serve as a bioactive scaffold in promoting the healing of rabbit Achilles tendon injury. For in vitro study, the essence portion of PRF was determined through bioluminescent assay. Furthermore, we analyzed the time-sequential cytokines-release kinetics of PRF and evaluated their effects on tenocytes proliferation and tenogenic gene expressions. In animal study, the rabbit Achilles tendon defect was left untreated or implanted with normal/heat-denatured PRF scaffolds. Six weeks postoperatively, the specimens were evaluated through sonographic imaging and histological analysis. The results revealed significantly more activated platelets on bottom half of the PRF scaffold. Cytokine concentrations released from PRF could be detected from the first hour to six days. For the in vitro study, PRF enhanced cell viability and collagen I, collagen III, tenomodulin, and tenascin gene expression compared to the standard culture medium. For in vivo study, sonographic images revealed significantly better tendon healing in the PRF group in terms of tissue echogenicity and homogeneity. The histological analysis showed that the healing tissues in the PRF group had more organized collagen fiber, less vascularity, and minimal cartilage formation. In conclusion, bioactive PRF promotes in vitro tenocytes viability and tenogenic phenotypic differentiation. Administration of a PRF scaffold at the tendon defect promotes tissue healing as evidenced by imaging and histological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chean Wong
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-M.H.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Research Center of Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-M.H.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-M.H.); (C.-H.C.)
- Research Center of Biomedical Devices, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yen Yeh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Meng-Yi Bai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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22
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Semenova S, Shatrova A, Vassilieva I, Shamatova M, Pugovkina N, Negulyaev Y. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate suppresses proliferation and migration capacity of human endometrial stem cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4580-4588. [PMID: 32150662 PMCID: PMC7176887 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP through the activation of the P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors affects the migration, proliferation and differentiation of many types of cells, including stem cells. High plasticity, low immunogenicity and immunomodulation ability of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human endometrium (eMSCs) allow them to be considered a prominent tool for regenerative medicine. Here, we examined the role of ATP in the proliferation and migration of human eMSCs. Using a wound healing assay, we showed that ATP-induced activation of purinergic receptors suppressed the migration ability of eMSCs. We found the expression of one of the ATP receptors, the P2X7 receptor in eMSCs. In spite of this, cell activation with specific P2X7 receptor agonist, BzATP did not significantly affect the cell migration. The allosteric P2X7 receptor inhibitor, AZ10606120 also did not prevent ATP-induced inhibition of cell migration, confirming that inhibition occurs without P2X7 receptor involvement. Flow cytometry analysis showed that high concentrations of ATP did not have a cytotoxic effect on eMSCs. At the same time, ATP induced the cell cycle arrest, suppressed the proliferative and migration capacity of eMSCs and therefore could affect the regenerative potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Semenova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla Shatrova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Vassilieva
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita Shamatova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalja Pugovkina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri Negulyaev
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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23
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New frontiers in probing the dynamics of purinergic transmitters in vivo. Neurosci Res 2020; 152:35-43. [PMID: 31958495 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic transmitters such as adenosine, ADP, ATP, UTP, and UDP-glucose play important roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including the sleep-wake cycle, learning and memory, cardiovascular function, and the immune response. Moreover, impaired purinergic signaling has been implicated in various pathological conditions such as pain, migraine, epilepsy, and drug addiction. Examining the function of purinergic transmission in both health and disease requires direct, sensitive, non-invasive tools for monitoring structurally similar purinergic transmitters; ideally, these tools should have high spatial and temporal resolution in in vivo applications. Here, we review the recent progress with respect to the development and application of new methods for detecting purinergic transmitters, focusing on optical tools; in addition, we provide discussion regarding future perspectives.
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24
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Zhu Q, Liang B, Liang Y, Ji L, Cai Y, Wu K, Tu T, Ren H, Huang B, Wei J, Fang L, Liang X, Ye X. 3D bimetallic Au/Pt nanoflowers decorated needle-type microelectrode for direct in situ monitoring of ATP secreted from living cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 153:112019. [PMID: 31989935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and extracellular purinergic signaling. A 3D bimetallic Au/Pt nanoflowers decorated ATP microelectrode biosensor prepared by facile and effective template-free electrodeposition was firstly reported, realizing local detection of cellular ATP secretion. The ATP biosensor was developed by co-immobilization of glucose oxidase and hexokinase, exhibiting long-term stability (79.39 ± 9.15% of its initial value remained after 14 days at 4 °C) and high selectivity with a limit of detection down to 2.5 μM (S/N = 3). The resulting ATP biosensor was then used for direct in situ monitoring of ATP secreted from living cells (PC12) with the stimulation of high K+ solutions. The obtained current was about 21.6 ± 3.4 nA (N = 6), corresponding to 12.2 ± 2.8 μM ATP released from cells, right in the micromolar range and consistent with the suggested levels. The 3D bimetallic Au/Pt nanoflowers possess excellent catalytic activity and large electroactive surface area, contributing to enzymatic activity preservation and long-term stability. This work provides a promising platform for long-time monitoring of other neurotransmitters and secretions in cellular glycolysis and apoptosis processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Bo Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
| | - Yitao Liang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yu Cai
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Ke Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Tingting Tu
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Hangxu Ren
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Bobo Huang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Jinwei Wei
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Lu Fang
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Xuesong Ye
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Innovation Center for Minimally Invasive Technique and Device, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China.
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25
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Liu G, Bursill C, Cartland SP, Anwer AG, Parker LM, Zhang K, Feng S, He M, Inglis DW, Kavurma MM, Hutchinson MR, Goldys EM. A Nanoparticle-Based Affinity Sensor that Identifies and Selects Highly Cytokine-Secreting Cells. iScience 2019; 20:137-147. [PMID: 31569048 PMCID: PMC6833483 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a universal method termed OnCELISA to detect cytokine secretion from individual cells by applying a capture technology on the cell membrane. OnCELISA uses fluorescent magnetic nanoparticles as assay reporters that enable detection on a single-cell level in microscopy and flow cytometry and fluorimetry in cell ensembles. This system is flexible and can be modified to detect different cytokines from a broad range of cytokine-secreting cells. Using OnCELISA we have been able to select and sort highly cytokine-secreting cells and identify cytokine-secreting expression profiles of different cell populations in vitro and ex vivo. We show that this system can be used for ultrasensitive monitoring of cytokines in the complex biological environment of atherosclerosis that contains multiple cell types. The ability to identify and select cell populations based on their cytokine expression characteristics is valuable in a host of applications that require the monitoring of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia; International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
| | - Christina Bursill
- Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ayad G Anwer
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Lindsay M Parker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Shilun Feng
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Meng He
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - David W Inglis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney 2042, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark R Hutchinson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), School of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ewa M Goldys
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Faculty of Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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26
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Wiley CD, Liu S, Limbad C, Zawadzka AM, Beck J, Demaria M, Artwood R, Alimirah F, Lopez-Dominguez JA, Kuehnemann C, Danielson SR, Basisty N, Kasler HG, Oron TR, Desprez PY, Mooney SD, Gibson BW, Schilling B, Campisi J, Kapahi P. SILAC Analysis Reveals Increased Secretion of Hemostasis-Related Factors by Senescent Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3329-3337.e5. [PMID: 31553904 PMCID: PMC6907691 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence irreversibly arrests cell proliferation, accompanied by a multi-component senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that participates in several age-related diseases. Using stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILACs) and cultured cells, we identify 343 SASP proteins that senescent human fibroblasts secrete at 2-fold or higher levels compared with quiescent cell counterparts. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that 44 of these proteins participate in hemostasis, a process not previously linked with cellular senescence. We validated the expression of some of these SASP factors in cultured cells and in vivo. Mice treated with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, which induces widespread cellular senescence in vivo, show increased blood clotting. Conversely, selective removal of senescent cells using transgenic p16-3MR mice showed that clearing senescent cells attenuates the increased clotting caused by doxorubicin. Our study provides an in-depth, unbiased analysis of the SASP and unveils a function for cellular senescence in hemostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Su Liu
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Beck
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Artwood
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Natan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | | | | | - Pierre-Yves Desprez
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; California Pacific Medical Center, Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
| | - Sean D Mooney
- Department of Biomedical Informatics & Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bradford W Gibson
- Discovery Attribute Sciences, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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27
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Wenzel TJ, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Cytochrome c can be released into extracellular space and modulate functions of human astrocytes in a toll-like receptor 4-dependent manner. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129400. [PMID: 31344401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic activation of glial cells contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. Cytochrome c (CytC) is a soluble mitochondrial protein that can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) when released into the extracellular space from damaged cells. CytC causes immune activation of microglia in a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent manner. The effects of extracellular CytC on astrocytes are unknown. Astrocytes, which are the most abundant glial cell type in the brain, express TLR 4 and secrete inflammatory mediators; therefore, we hypothesized that extracellular CytC can interact with the TLR 4 of astrocytes inducing their release of inflammatory molecules and cytotoxins. METHOD Experiments were conducted using primary human astrocytes, U118 MG human astrocytic cells, BV-2 murine microglia, and SH-SY5Y human neuronal cells. RESULTS Extracellularly applied CytC increased the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and IL-12 p70 by cultured primary human astrocytes. Anti-TLR 4 antibodies blocked the CytC-induced secretion of IL-1β and GM-CSF by astrocytes. Supernatants from CytC-activated astrocytes were toxic to human SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. We also demonstrated CytC release from damaged glial cells by measuring CytC in the supernatants of BV-2 microglia after their exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of staurosporine, amyloid-β peptides (Aβ42) and tumor necrosis factor-α. CONCLUSION CytC can be released into the extracellular space from damaged glial cells causing immune activation of astrocytes in a TLR 4-dependent manner. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Astrocyte activation by CytC may contribute to neuroinflammation and neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. Astrocyte TLR 4 could be a potential therapeutic target in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Ekta Bajwa
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada.
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28
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Grygorczyk R, Boudreault F, Tan JJ, Ponomarchuk O, Sokabe M, Furuya K. Mechanosensitive ATP release in the lungs: New insights from real-time luminescence imaging studies. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:45-76. [PMID: 31196610 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular ATP and other nucleotides are important autocrine/paracrine mediators that stimulate purinergic receptors and regulate diverse processes in the normal lungs. They are also associated with pathogenesis of a number of respiratory diseases and clinical complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome and ventilator induced lung injury. Mechanical forces are major stimuli for cellular ATP release but precise mechanisms responsible for this release are still debated. The present review intends to provide the current state of knowledge of the mechanisms of ATP release in the lung. Putative pathways of the release, including the contribution of cell membrane injury and cell lysis are discussed addressing their strength, weaknesses and missing evidence that requires future study. We also provide an overview of the recent technical advances in studying cellular ATP release in vitro and ex vivo. Special attention is given to new insights into lung ATP release obtained with the real-time luminescence ATP imaging. This includes recent data on stretch-induced mechanosensitive ATP release in a model and primary cells of lung alveoli in vitro as well as inflation-induced ATP release in airspaces and pulmonary blood vessels of lungs, ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Grygorczyk
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - Francis Boudreault
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ju Jing Tan
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Olga Ponomarchuk
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kishio Furuya
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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29
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Kim OV, Nevzorova TA, Mordakhanova ER, Ponomareva AA, Andrianova IA, Le Minh G, Daminova AG, Peshkova AD, Alber MS, Vagin O, Litvinov RI, Weisel JW. Fatal dysfunction and disintegration of thrombin-stimulated platelets. Haematologica 2019; 104:1866-1878. [PMID: 30792211 PMCID: PMC6717590 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.202309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in the formation of hemostatic clots and obstructive thrombi as well as in other biological processes. In response to physiological stimulants, including thrombin, platelets change shape, express adhesive molecules, aggregate, and secrete bioactive substances, but their subsequent fate is largely unknown. Here we examined late-stage structural, metabolic, and functional consequences of thrombin-induced platelet activation. Using a combination of confocal microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, biochemical and biomechanical measurements, we showed that thrombin-induced activation is followed by time-dependent platelet dysfunction and disintegration. After ~30 minutes of incubation with thrombin, unlike with collagen or ADP, human platelets disintegrated into cellular fragments containing organelles, such as mitochondria, glycogen granules, and vacuoles. This platelet fragmentation was preceded by Ca2+ influx, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure (activation phase), followed by mitochondrial depolarization, generation of reactive oxygen species, metabolic ATP depletion and impairment of platelet contractility along with dramatic cytoskeletal rearrangements, concomitant with platelet disintegration (death phase). Coincidentally with the platelet fragmentation, thrombin caused calpain activation but not activation of caspases 3 and 7. Our findings indicate that the late functional and structural damage of thrombin-activated platelets comprise a calpain-dependent platelet death pathway that shares some similarities with the programmed death of nucleated cells, but is unique to platelets, therefore representing a special form of cellular destruction. Fragmentation of activated platelets suggests that there is an underappreciated pathway of enhanced elimination of platelets from the circulation in (pro)thrombotic conditions once these cells have performed their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kim
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of California Riverside, Department of Mathematics, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana A Nevzorova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Elmira R Mordakhanova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasia A Ponomareva
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Izabella A Andrianova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Giang Le Minh
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Amina G Daminova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alina D Peshkova
- Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Mark S Alber
- University of California Riverside, Department of Mathematics, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Olga Vagin
- Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Physiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rustem I Litvinov
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - John W Weisel
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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30
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Lobas MA, Tao R, Nagai J, Kronschläger MT, Borden PM, Marvin JS, Looger LL, Khakh BS. A genetically encoded single-wavelength sensor for imaging cytosolic and cell surface ATP. Nat Commun 2019; 10:711. [PMID: 30755613 PMCID: PMC6372613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) is a universal intracellular energy source and an evolutionarily ancient, ubiquitous extracellular signal in diverse species. Here, we report the generation and characterization of single-wavelength genetically encoded fluorescent sensors (iATPSnFRs) for imaging extracellular and cytosolic ATP from insertion of circularly permuted superfolder GFP into the epsilon subunit of F0F1-ATPase from Bacillus PS3. On the cell surface and within the cytosol, iATPSnFR1.0 responds to relevant ATP concentrations (30 μM to 3 mM) with fast increases in fluorescence. iATPSnFRs can be genetically targeted to specific cell types and sub-cellular compartments, imaged with standard light microscopes, do not respond to other nucleotides and nucleosides, and when fused with a red fluorescent protein function as ratiometric indicators. After careful consideration of their modest pH sensitivity, iATPSnFRs represent promising reagents for imaging ATP in the extracellular space and within cells during a variety of settings, and for further application-specific refinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Lobas
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
- Koniku Inc., 740 Heinz Avenue, Berkeley, CA, 94710, USA
| | - Rongkun Tao
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
| | - Jun Nagai
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
| | - Mira T Kronschläger
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA
- Department of Neurophysiology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 4, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip M Borden
- Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | | | - Loren L Looger
- Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA.
| | - Baljit S Khakh
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1751, USA.
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31
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Kim JC, Son MJ, Woo SH. Regulation of cardiac calcium by mechanotransduction: Role of mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 659:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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32
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Di Virgilio F, Sarti AC, Falzoni S, De Marchi E, Adinolfi E. Extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:601-618. [PMID: 30006588 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most tumours, a condition that makes antitumour immunity ineffective. One of the most potent immunosuppressive factors is adenosine, which is generated in the tumour microenvironment owing to degradation of extracellular ATP. Accruing evidence over the past few years shows that ATP is one of the major biochemical constituents of the tumour microenvironment, where it acts at P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumour and host cells. Stimulation of P2 receptors has different effects depending on the extracellular ATP concentration, the P2 receptor subtype engaged and the target cell type. Among P2 receptors, the P2X purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R) subtype appears to be a main player in host-tumour cell interactions. Preclinical studies in several tumour models have shown that P2X7R targeting is potentially a very effective anticancer treatment, and many pharmaceutical companies have now developed potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of P2X7R. In this Review, we report on the multiple mechanisms by which extracellular ATP shapes the tumour microenvironment and how its stimulation of host and tumour cell P2 receptors contributes to determining tumour fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Baroja-Mazo A, Revilla-Nuin B, de Bejar Á, Martínez-Alarcón L, Herrero JI, El-Tayeb A, Müller CE, Aparicio P, Pelegrín P, Pons JA. Extracellular adenosine reversibly inhibits the activation of human regulatory T cells and negatively influences the achievement of the operational tolerance in liver transplantation. Am J Transplant 2018; 19:48-61. [PMID: 30019408 PMCID: PMC6298591 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The artificial induction of tolerance in transplantation is gaining strength. In mice, a differential role of extracellular adenosine (eADO) for regulatory and effector T cells (Tregs and Teffs, respectively) has been proposed: inhibiting Teffs and inducing Tregs. The aim of this study was to analyze the action of extracellular nucleotides in human T cells and, moreover, to examine the influence of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases and subsequent adenosine signaling through adenosine 2 receptor (A2 R) in the induction of clinical tolerance after liver transplant. The action of extracellular nucleotides in human T cells was analyzed by in vitro experiments with isolated T cells. Additionally, 17 liver transplant patients were enrolled in an immunosuppression withdrawal trial, and the differences in the CD39-CD73-A2 R axis were compared between tolerant and nontolerant patients. In contrast to the mice, the activation of human Tregs was inhibited similarly to Teffs in the presence of eADO. Moreover, the expression of the enzyme responsible for the degradation of ADO, adenosine deaminase, was higher in tolerant patients with respect to the nontolerant group along the immunosuppression withdrawal. Our data support the idea that eADO signaling and its degradation may play a role in the complex system of regulation of liver transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”. Murcia, Spain,Corresponding Author: Alberto Baroja-Mazo; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia-Virgen de la Arrixaca; LAIB Building - Lab 4.20; Ctra. Buenavista s/n 30120 Murcia (SPAIN); +34 868885031;
| | - Beatriz Revilla-Nuin
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”. Murcia, Spain
| | - África de Bejar
- Clinical LaboratoryUnit, Hospital de Denia-Marina Salud, Denia, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Alarcón
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”. Murcia, Spain
| | - José I. Herrero
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd). Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA)
| | - Ali El-Tayeb
- Pharma Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I. Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharma Center Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I. Bonn, Germany
| | - Pedro Aparicio
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”. Murcia, Spain,Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrín
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”. Murcia, Spain
| | - José A. Pons
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University Clinical Hospital “Virgen de la Arrixaca”. Murcia, Spain,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Liver Transplant Unit, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
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34
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Schindler SM, Frank MG, Annis JL, Maier SF, Klegeris A. Pattern recognition receptors mediate pro-inflammatory effects of extracellular mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 89:71-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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35
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Shi T, Wang M, Li H, Wang M, Luo X, Huang Y, Wang HH, Nie Z, Yao S. Simultaneous Monitoring of Cell-surface Receptor and Tumor-targeted Photodynamic Therapy via TdT-initiated Poly-G-Quadruplexes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5551. [PMID: 29615769 PMCID: PMC5882647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23902-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells contain a unique set of cell surface receptors that provide potential targets for tumor theranostics. Here, we propose an efficient approach to construct G-quadruplex-based aptamers that specifically recognize cell-surface receptors and monitor them in an amplified manner. This designed aptamer combined particular sequence for the c-Met on the cell surface and poly-G-quadruplexes structures that allow a rapid and amplified fluorescent readout upon the binding of thioflavin T (ThT). The poly-G-quadruplexes also function as a carrier for photosensitizers such as TMPyP4 in that, the aptamer further trigger the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to commit cells to death. This unique c-Met targeting aptamer enabled simultaneous monitoring of c-Met on the cell surface with ThT and photodynamic killing of these lung cancer cells with TMPyP4. This strategy is expected to enhance the development of tumor-targeted diagnosis and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Menglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Zhou Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Shouzhuo Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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36
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Dual functional extracellular recording using a light-addressable potentiometric sensor for bitter signal transduction. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1022:106-112. [PMID: 29729730 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a dual functional extracellular recording biosensor based on a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). The design and fabrication of this biosensor make it possible to record both extracellular membrane potential changes and ATP release from a single taste bud cell for the first time. For detecting ATP release, LAPS chip was functionalized with ATP-sensitive DNA aptamer by covalent immobilization. Taste bud cells isolated from rat were cultured on LAPS surface. When the desired single taste bud cell was illuminated by modulated light, ATP release from single taste bud cells can be measured by recording the shifts of bias voltage-photocurrent curves (I-V curves) when the LAPS chip is working in discrete mode. On the other hand, extracellular membrane potential changes can be monitored by recording the fluctuation of LAPS photocurrent when the LAPS chip is working in continuous mode. The results show this biosensor can effectively record the enhancive effect of the bitter substance and inhibitory effect of the carbenoxolone (CBX) on the extracellular membrane potential changes and ATP release of single taste bud cells. In addition, the inhibitory effect of CBX also confirms LAPS extracellular recordings are originated from bitter signal transduction. It is proved this biosensor is suitable for extracellular recording of ATP release and membrane potential changes of single taste bud cells. It is suggested this biosensor could be applied to investigating taste signal transduction at the single-cell level as well as applied to other types of cells which have similar functions to taste bud cells.
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Ballerini P, Dovizio M, Bruno A, Tacconelli S, Patrignani P. P2Y 12 Receptors in Tumorigenesis and Metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:66. [PMID: 29456511 PMCID: PMC5801576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets, beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis, may sustain tumorigenesis and metastasis. These effects may occur via direct interaction of platelets with cancer and stromal cells and by the release of several platelet products. Platelets and tumor cells release several bioactive molecules among which a great amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). ADP is also formed extracellularly from ATP breakdown by the ecto-nucleoside-triphosphate-diphosphohydrolases. Under ATP and ADP stimulation the purinergic P2Y1 receptor (R) initiates platelet activation followed by the ADP-P2Y12R-mediated amplification. P2Y12R stimulation amplifies also platelet response to several platelet agonists and to flow conditions, acting as a key positive feed-forward signal in intensifying platelet responses. P2Y12R represents a potential target for an anticancer therapy due to its involvement in platelet-cancer cell crosstalk. Thus, P2Y12R antagonists, including clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel, might represent potential anti-cancer agents, in addition to their role as effective antithrombotic drugs. However, further studies, in experimental animals and patients, are required before the recommendation of the use of P2Y12R antagonists in cancer prevention and progression can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ballerini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Melania Dovizio
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Tacconelli
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Patrignani
- Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Science, Center for Aging and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Liang D, Shao H, Born WK, O’Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Connection between γδ T-cell- and Adenosine- Mediated Immune Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 38:233-243. [PMID: 30004859 PMCID: PMC6361114 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory effects of γδ T-cells on immune responses have been studied for years. We have investigated the regulatory effect of γδ T-cells on Th1 and Th17 autoimmune responses, and have studied molecular and cellular mechanisms by which γδ T-cells enhance or inhibit immune responses, exploiting a well-characterized murine model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Our results show that (1) aberrant γδ T-cell activation is an important pathogenic event in EAU; (2) γδ T-cells have a unique regulatory effect on Th17 autoimmune responses, which is shaped by the activation status of γδ T-cells; and (3) γδ-mediated immunoregulation is closely linked with the extracellular adenosine metabolism. Reciprocal interactions between γδ T-cells and extracellular adenosine partially determine the development of EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Willi K. Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rebecca L. O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Teixeira JM, Parada CA, Tambeli CH. A cyclic pathway of P2 × 7, bradykinin, and dopamine receptor activation induces a sustained articular hyperalgesia in the knee joint of rats. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:301-314. [PMID: 29260240 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated whether: (1) P2 × 7 receptor activation by its agonist (BzATP) induces articular hyperalgesia in the rat's knee joint via inflammatory mechanisms and (2) activation of P2 × 7 receptors by endogenous ATP contributes to the articular hyperalgesia induced by bradykinin, TNF-α, IL-1β, CINC-1, PGE2, and dopamine. METHODS The articular hyperalgesia was quantified using the rat knee joint incapacitation test. The knee joint inflammation, characterized by the concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and by neutrophil migration, was quantified in the synovial lavage fluid by ELISA and myeloperoxidase enzyme activity assay, respectively. RESULTS BzATP induced a dose-dependent articular hyperalgesia in the rat's knee joint that was significantly reduced by the selective antagonists for P2 × 7, bradykinin B1 or B2 receptors, β1 or β2 adrenoceptors, and by pre-treatment with Indomethacin. BzATP induced a local increase of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CINC-1 concentration and neutrophil migration into the knee joint. The co-administration of the selective P2 × 7 receptor antagonist A-740003 significantly reduced the articular hyperalgesia induced by bradykinin and dopamine, but not by TNF-α, IL-1β, CINC-1, and PGE2. CONCLUSIONS P2 × 7 receptor activation induces articular hyperalgesia mediated by the previous inflammatory mediator release. P2 × 7 receptor-induced articular hyperalgesia is sustained by the involvement of this purinergic receptor in bradykinin and dopamine-induced hyperalgesia in the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Maia Teixeira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Carlos Amílcar Parada
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Herrera Tambeli
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-862, Brazil.
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40
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Liu X, Zhao Z, Ji R, Zhu J, Sui QQ, Knight GE, Burnstock G, He C, Yuan H, Xiang Z. Inhibition of P2X7 receptors improves outcomes after traumatic brain injury in rats. Purinergic Signal 2017; 13:529-544. [PMID: 28823092 PMCID: PMC5714842 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-017-9579-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability for people under the age of 45 years worldwide. Neuropathology after TBI is the result of both the immediate impact injury and secondary injury mechanisms. Secondary injury is the result of cascade events, including glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium overloading, free radical generation, and neuroinflammation, ultimately leading to brain cell death. In this study, the P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) was detected predominately in microglia of the cerebral cortex and was up-regulated on microglial cells after TBI. The microglia transformed into amoeba-like and discharged many microvesicle (MV)-like particles in the injured and adjacent regions. A P2X7R antagonist (A804598) and an immune inhibitor (FTY720) reduced significantly the number of MV-like particles in the injured/adjacent regions and in cerebrospinal fluid, reduced the number of neurons undergoing apoptotic cell death, and increased the survival of neurons in the cerebral cortex injured and adjacent regions. Blockade of the P2X7R and FTY720 reduced interleukin-1βexpression, P38 phosphorylation, and glial activation in the cerebral cortex and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after TBI. These data indicate that MV-like particles discharged by microglia after TBI may be involved in the development of local inflammation and secondary nerve cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengqing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University Shanghai, Yangpu Qu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Sui
- Department of Neurobiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Gillian E Knight
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Melbourne University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cheng He
- Department of Neurobiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenghua Xiang
- Department of Neurobiology, MOE Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Ministry of Education, Neuroscience Research Centre of Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China.
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He F, Liu H, Guo X, Yin BC, Ye BC. Direct Exosome Quantification via Bivalent-Cholesterol-Labeled DNA Anchor for Signal Amplification. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12968-12975. [PMID: 29139297 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Lab
of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hui Liu
- The
Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinggang Guo
- The
Third Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin-Cheng Yin
- Lab
of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Lab
of Biosystem and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals,
College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
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42
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Conley JM, Radhakrishnan S, Valentino SA, Tantama M. Imaging extracellular ATP with a genetically-encoded, ratiometric fluorescent sensor. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187481. [PMID: 29121644 PMCID: PMC5679667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a key purinergic signal that mediates cell-to-cell communication both within and between organ systems. We address the need for a robust and minimally invasive approach to measuring extracellular ATP by re-engineering the ATeam ATP sensor to be expressed on the cell surface. Using this approach, we image real-time changes in extracellular ATP levels with a sensor that is fully genetically-encoded and does not require an exogenous substrate. In addition, the sensor is ratiometric to allow for reliable quantitation of extracellular ATP fluxes. Using live-cell microscopy, we characterize sensor performance when expressed on cultured Neuro2A cells, and we measure both stimulated release of ATP and its clearance by ectonucleotidases. Thus, this proof-of-principle demonstrates a first-generation sensor to report extracellular ATP dynamics that may be useful for studying purinergic signaling in living specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Conley
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Saranya Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Valentino
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Mathew Tantama
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Science Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, & Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Gouveia A, Bajwa E, Klegeris A. Extracellular cytochrome c as an intercellular signaling molecule regulating microglial functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2274-2281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Abstract
ATP, the energy exchange factor that connects anabolism and catabolism, is required for major reactions and processes that occur in living cells, such as muscle contraction, phosphorylation and active transport. ATP is also the key molecule in extracellular purinergic signaling mechanisms, with an established crucial role in inflammation and several additional disease conditions. Here, we describe detailed protocols to measure the ATP concentration in isolated living cells and animals using luminescence techniques based on targeted luciferase probes. In the presence of magnesium, oxygen and ATP, the protein luciferase catalyzes oxidation of the substrate luciferin, which is associated with light emission. Recombinantly expressed wild-type luciferase is exclusively cytosolic; however, adding specific targeting sequences can modify its cellular localization. Using this strategy, we have constructed luciferase chimeras targeted to the mitochondrial matrix and the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Here, we describe optimized protocols for monitoring ATP concentrations in the cytosol, mitochondrial matrix and pericellular space in living cells via an overall procedure that requires an average of 3 d. In addition, we present a detailed protocol for the in vivo detection of extracellular ATP in mice using luciferase-transfected reporter cells. This latter procedure may require up to 25 d to complete.
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45
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Hyoju SK, Morrison S, Gul S, Gharedaghi MH, Mussa M, Najibi M, Economopoulos KP, Hamarneh SR, Hodin RA. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase decreases intraperitoneal adhesion formation. J Surg Res 2017; 208:84-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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46
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Dora KA. Conducted dilatation to ATP and K + in rat skeletal muscle arterioles. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:202-218. [PMID: 26804547 PMCID: PMC5215486 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM During exercise in humans, circulating levels of ATP and K+ increase at a time when blood flow increases to satisfy metabolic demand. Both molecules can activate arteriolar K+ channels to stimulate vasodilatation; here, it is established whether conducted dilatation is observed in a skeletal muscle bed. METHODS Isolated and cannulated rat cremaster arterioles were used to assess both local and conducted responses. Agents were either added to the bath, focally pulse-ejected to the downstream end of arterioles, or in triple-cannulated arterioles, luminally perfused into the downstream branches to assess both local and conducted responses. RESULTS The endothelium-dependent agonist ACh and the KATP channel opener levcromakalim each stimulated both local and conducted vasodilatation. Focal, bolus delivery of ATP (10 μm) or KCl (33 mm) to the outside of arterioles stimulated a biphasic vasomotor response: rapid vasoconstriction followed by dilatation as each washed away. At lower concentrations of KCl (19 mm), constriction was avoided, and instead, Ba2+ -sensitive local dilatation and conducted dilatation were both observed. Luminal perfusion of ATP avoided constriction and activated P2Y1 receptors stimulating vasodilatation secondary to opening of KCa channels. In triple-cannulated arterioles, either ATP (10 μm) or K+ (15 mm) luminally perfused into daughter branches of a bifurcation stimulated local dilatation which conducted into the parent arteriole. CONCLUSION The recognized physiological autocrine and paracrine mediators ATP and K+ each act to evoke both local and conducted vasodilatation in rat cremaster arterioles. Therefore, in situations when circulating levels are raised, such as during exercise, these agents can act as important regulators of blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. A. Dora
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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47
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Smirnova DV, Rubtsova MY, Grigorenko VG, Ugarova NN. A Novel Streptavidin-luciferase Fusion Protein: Preparation, Properties and Application in Hybridization Analysis of DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:541-547. [PMID: 27861953 DOI: 10.1111/php.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A streptavidin-luciferase fusion protein comprising the thermostable mutant form of firefly luciferase Luciola mingrelica and minimal core streptavidin was constructed. The streptavidin-luciferase fusion was mainly produced in a tetrameric form with high luciferase and biotin-binding activities. It was shown that fusion has the same Km values for ATP and luciferin and the bioluminescence spectra as initial luciferase. The linear dependence of the bioluminescence signal on the content of the fusion was observed within the range of 10-18 -10-13 mol per well. Successful application of obtained fusion in a biospecific bioluminescence assay based on biotin-streptavidin interactions was demonstrated by the example of a specific DNA hybridization analysis. A DNA hybridization analysis for Escherichia coli cells identification was developed using unique for these cells gadB fragment encoding glutamate decarboxylase. The amplified biotinylated GadB fragments were hybridized with the immobilized oligonucleotide probes; then, the biotin in the DNA duplexes was detected using the streptavidin-luciferase fusion protein. To reach the high sensitivity of the assay, we optimized the conditions of the assay. It was shown that the use of Pluronic for plate modification resulted in a significant reduction in the DNA detection limit which finally was 0.4 ng per well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,"Lumtek" LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maya Y Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Natalia N Ugarova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,"Lumtek" LLC, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Veltman D, Laeremans T, Passante E, Huber HJ. Signal transduction analysis of the NLRP3-inflammasome pathway after cellular damage and its paracrine regulation. J Theor Biol 2016; 415:125-136. [PMID: 28017802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome pathway and production of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1B after cellular damage caused by infarct or infection is a key process in several diseases such as acute myocardial infarction and inflammatory bowel disease. However, while the molecular triggers of the NLRP3-pathway after cellular damage are well known, the mechanisms that sustain or confine its activity are currently under investigation. We present here an Ordinary Differential Equation-based model that investigates the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and regulation in monocytes to predict IL-1β activation kinetics upon a two-step activation by Damage-Associate-Molecular-Particles (DAMP) and extracellular ATP. Assuming both activation signals to be concomitantly present or present with a delay of 12h, the model predicted a transient IL-1β activation at different concentration levels dependent on signal synchronisation. Introducing a positive feedback loop mediated by active IL-1β resulted in a sustained IL-1β activation, hence arguing for a paracrine signalling between inflammatory cells to guarantee a temporally stable inflammatory response. We then investigate mechanisms that control termination of inflammation using two recently identified molecular intervention points in the inflammasome pathway. We found that a more upstream regulation, by attenuating production of the IL-1β-proform, was more potent in attenuating active IL-1β production than direct inhibition of the NLRP3-inflammasome. Interestingly, ablating this upstream negative feedback led to a high variability of IL-1β production in monocytes from different subjects, consistent with a recent pre-clinical study. We finally discuss the relevance and implications of our findings in disease models of acute myocardial infarction and spontaneous colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Veltman
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thessa Laeremans
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Egle Passante
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Heinrich J Huber
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Institute for Automation Engineering (IFAT), Laboratory for Systems Theory and Automatic Control, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39106 Magdeburg - Germany.
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49
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Smirnova DV, Ugarova NN. Firefly Luciferase-based Fusion Proteins and their Applications in Bioanalysis. Photochem Photobiol 2016; 93:436-447. [PMID: 27796044 DOI: 10.1111/php.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Firefly luciferase is widely used in molecular biology and bioanalytical systems as a reporter molecule due to the high quantum yield of the bioluminescence, availability of stable mutant forms of the enzyme with prescribed spectral characteristics and abundance of bacterial expression systems suitable for production of recombinant proteins in limitless quantities. In this review, we described fusion proteins of luciferase with biotin-binding domain and streptavidin, with proteins A and G, antibodies, with DNA- and RNA-binding proteins, as well as fusion proteins designed for BRET systems. The firefly luciferase-based fusion proteins are represented as an effective tool for the development of different bioanalytical systems such as (1) systems in which luciferase is attached to the surface of the target and the bioluminescence signal is detected from the specific complexes formed; (2) BRET-based systems, in which the specific interaction induces changes in the bioluminescence spectrum; and (3) systems that use modified or split luciferases, in which the luciferase activity changes under the action of the analyte. All these systems have wide application in biochemical analysis of physiologically important compounds, for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, for evaluation of protein-protein interactions, assaying of metabolites involved in cell communication and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia N Ugarova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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50
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Lim JC, Lu W, Beckel JM, Mitchell CH. Neuronal Release of Cytokine IL-3 Triggered by Mechanosensitive Autostimulation of the P2X7 Receptor Is Neuroprotective. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:270. [PMID: 27932954 PMCID: PMC5120082 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical strain due to increased pressure or swelling activates inflammatory responses in many neural systems. As cytokines and chemokine messengers lead to both pro-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions, understanding the signaling patterns triggered by mechanical stress may help improve overall outcomes. While cytokine signaling in neural systems is often associated with glial cells like astrocytes and microglia, the contribution of neurons themselves to the cytokine response is underappreciated and has bearing on any balanced response. Mechanical stretch of isolated neurons was previously shown to trigger ATP release through pannexin hemichannels and autostimulation of P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) on the neural membrane. Given that P2X7Rs are linked to cytokine activation in other cells, this study investigates the link between neuronal stretch and cytokine release through a P2X7-dependent pathway. Cytokine assays showed application of a 4% strain to isolated rat retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) released multiple cytokines. The P2X7R agonist BzATP also released multiple cytokines; Interleukin 3 (IL-3), TNF-α, CXCL9, VEGF, L-selectin, IL-4, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-1Rα, MIP and CCL20 were released by both stimuli, with the release of IL-3 greatest with either stimuli. Stretch-dependent IL-3 release was confirmed with ELISA and blocked by P2X7R antagonists A438079 and Brilliant Blue G (BBG), implicating autostimulation of the P2X7R in stretch-dependent IL-3 release. Neuronal IL-3 release triggered by BzATP required extracellular calcium. The IL-3Rα receptor was expressed on RGCs but not astrocytes, and both IL-3Rα and IL-3 itself were predominantly expressed in the retinal ganglion cell layer of adult retinal sections, implying autostimulation of receptors by released IL-3. While the number of surviving ganglion cells decreased with time in culture, the addition of IL-3 protected against this loss of neurons. Expression of mRNA for IL-3 and IL-3Rα increased in rat retinas stretched with moderate intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation; BBG blocked the rise in IL-3, implicating a role for the P2X7R in transcriptional regulation in vivo. In summary, mechanical stretch triggers release of cytokines from neurons that can convey neuroprotection. The enhancement of these signals in vivo implicates P2X7R-mediated IL-3 signaling as an endogenous pathway that could minimize damage following neuronal exposure to chronic mechanical strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Lim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wennan Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Beckel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Claire H Mitchell
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Department of Physiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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