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Diaz-Castro J, Reyes-Olavarría D, Toledano JM, Puche-Juarez M, Garcia-Vega JE, Ochoa JJ, Moreno-Fernandez J. Assessment of muscle endocrine function and inflammatory signalling in male school children following a physical activity programme. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:936-942. [PMID: 38422951 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Regular and planned physical activity can diminish the risk of numerous illnesses. However, school children and teenagers often exercise intermittently and for brief periods, restricting potential benefits. Furthermore, previous studies mainly focused on body composition, without providing molecular mechanisms elucidating the role of physical activity in muscle tissue and inflammatory signalling. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a vigorous physical activity intervention on endocrine muscle function and cytokine output in children. METHODS 103 boys were divided into two groups: control (n = 51, did not perform additional physical activity) and exercise (n = 52, performed vigorous physical activity). Body composition measurements, endocrine muscle function and inflammatory signalling biomarkers were assessed at enrolment and after 6 months of intervention. RESULTS No statistical significance was found for fractalkine, oncostatin, EGF, TNF-α and eotaxin. However, LIF, FBAP3, IL-6, FGF21 and IL-15 increased in the exercise group at the end of the protocol, though myostatin got decreased. In contrast, IFN-γ was increased in the exercise group at the beginning and end of the exercise protocol, IL-10 was also increased in this group, IL-1α decreased in the exercise group before and after the exercise protocol, and IP-10 and MCP-1 also decreased in the exercise group. CONCLUSION It can be affirmed that a physical activity programme for boys was shown to produce changes in body composition (decreased fat mass, increased lean mass) and in markers of endocrine muscle function and cytokine release. It is possible that these changes, if sustained, could reduce the risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Daniela Reyes-Olavarría
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Department of Physical Education, Sport, and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Juan M Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - María Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Jose Eulogio Garcia-Vega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix Verdú", University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain.
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2
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Ramachandran K, Futtner CR, Sommars MA, Quattrocelli M, Omura Y, Fruzyna E, Wang JC, Waldeck NJ, Senagolage MD, Telles CG, Demonbreun AR, Prendergast E, Lai N, Arango D, Bederman IR, McNally EM, Barish GD. Transcriptional programming of translation by BCL6 controls skeletal muscle proteostasis. Nat Metab 2024; 6:304-322. [PMID: 38337096 PMCID: PMC10949880 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is dynamically controlled by the balance of protein synthesis and degradation. Here we discover an unexpected function for the transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) in muscle proteostasis and strength in mice. Skeletal muscle-specific Bcl6 ablation in utero or in adult mice results in over 30% decreased muscle mass and force production due to reduced protein synthesis and increased autophagy, while it promotes a shift to a slower myosin heavy chain fibre profile. Ribosome profiling reveals reduced overall translation efficiency in Bcl6-ablated muscles. Mechanistically, tandem chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptomic and translational analyses identify direct BCL6 repression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (Eif4ebp1) and activation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1) and androgen receptor (Ar). Together, these results uncover a bifunctional role for BCL6 in the transcriptional and translational control of muscle proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher R Futtner
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Meredith A Sommars
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mattia Quattrocelli
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Omura
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ellen Fruzyna
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Janice C Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nathan J Waldeck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Madhavi D Senagolage
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen G Telles
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Prendergast
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicola Lai
- Department of Mechanical, Chemical, and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Daniel Arango
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ilya R Bederman
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Grant D Barish
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Neilson DE, Zech M, Hufnagel RB, Slone J, Wang X, Homan S, Gutzwiller LM, Leslie EJ, Leslie ND, Xiao J, Hedera P, LeDoux MS, Gebelein B, Wilbert F, Eckenweiler M, Winkelmann J, Gilbert DL, Huang T. A Novel Variant of ATP5MC3 Associated with Both Dystonia and Spastic Paraplegia. Mov Disord 2022; 37:375-383. [PMID: 34636445 PMCID: PMC8840961 DOI: 10.1002/mds.28821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a large pedigree with an unusual phenotype of spastic paraplegia or dystonia and autosomal dominant inheritance, linkage analysis previously mapped the disease to chromosome 2q24-2q31. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to identify the genetic cause and molecular basis of an unusual autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia and dystonia. METHODS Whole exome sequencing following linkage analysis was used to identify the genetic cause in a large family. Cosegregation analysis was also performed. An additional 384 individuals with spastic paraplegia or dystonia were screened for pathogenic sequence variants in the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase membrane subunit C locus 3 gene (ATP5MC3). The identified variant was submitted to the "GeneMatcher" program for recruitment of additional subjects. Mitochondrial functions were analyzed in patient-derived fibroblast cell lines. Transgenic Drosophila carrying mutants were studied for movement behavior and mitochondrial function. RESULTS Exome analysis revealed a variant (c.318C > G; p.Asn106Lys) (NM_001689.4) in ATP5MC3 in a large family with autosomal dominant spastic paraplegia and dystonia that cosegregated with affected individuals. No variants were identified in an additional 384 individuals with spastic paraplegia or dystonia. GeneMatcher identified an individual with the same genetic change, acquired de novo, who manifested upper-limb dystonia. Patient fibroblast studies showed impaired complex V activity, ATP generation, and oxygen consumption. Drosophila carrying orthologous mutations also exhibited impaired mitochondrial function and displayed reduced mobility. CONCLUSION A unique form of familial spastic paraplegia and dystonia is associated with a heterozygous ATP5MC3 variant that also reduces mitochondrial complex V activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek E. Neilson
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Current: Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Michael Zech
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert B. Hufnagel
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jesse Slone
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Current: Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, NY
| | - Xinjian Wang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Shelli Homan
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Lisa M. Gutzwiller
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Elizabeth J. Leslie
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Nancy D. Leslie
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jianfeng Xiao
- Departments of Neurology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Peter Hedera
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
| | - Mark S. LeDoux
- University of Memphis and Veracity Neuroscience LLC, Memphis, TN
| | - Brian Gebelein
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Friederike Wilbert
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Eckenweiler
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Neurogenetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, SyNergy, Munich, Germany
| | - Donald L. Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
- Current: Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, NY
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Fiorillo M, Ózsvári B, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. High ATP Production Fuels Cancer Drug Resistance and Metastasis: Implications for Mitochondrial ATP Depletion Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:740720. [PMID: 34722292 PMCID: PMC8554334 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.740720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we presented evidence that high mitochondrial ATP production is a new therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Using ATP as a biomarker, we isolated the “metabolically fittest” cancer cells from the total cell population. Importantly, ATP-high cancer cells were phenotypically the most aggressive, with enhanced stem-like properties, showing multi-drug resistance and an increased capacity for cell migration, invasion and spontaneous metastasis. In support of these observations, ATP-high cells demonstrated the up-regulation of both mitochondrial proteins and other protein biomarkers, specifically associated with stemness and metastasis. Therefore, we propose that the “energetically fittest” cancer cells would be better able to resist the selection pressure provided by i) a hostile micro-environment and/or ii) conventional chemotherapy, allowing them to be naturally-selected for survival, based on their high ATP content, ultimately driving tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. In accordance with this energetic hypothesis, ATP-high MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells showed a dramatic increase in their ability to metastasize in a pre-clinical model in vivo. Conversely, metastasis was largely prevented by treatment with an FDA-approved drug (Bedaquiline), which binds to and inhibits the mitochondrial ATP-synthase, leading to ATP depletion. Clinically, these new therapeutic approaches could have important implications for preventing treatment failure and avoiding cancer cell dormancy, by employing ATP-depletion therapy, to target even the fittest cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.,The Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Béla Ózsvári
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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5
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Mahmoodzadeh S, Koch K, Schriever C, Xu J, Steinecker M, Leber J, Dworatzek E, Purfürst B, Kunz S, Recchia D, Canepari M, Heuser A, Di Francescantonio S, Morano I. Age-related decline in murine heart and skeletal muscle performance is attenuated by reduced Ahnak1 expression. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1249-1265. [PMID: 34212535 PMCID: PMC8517348 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a progressive reduction in cellular function leading to poor health and loss of physical performance. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging; hence, interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to provide preventive and therapeutic benefits to elderly individuals. Meta-analyses of age-related gene expression profiles showed that the expression of Ahnak1, a protein regulating several signal-transduction pathways including metabolic homeostasis, is increased with age, which is associated with low VO2MAX and poor muscle fitness. However, the role of Ahnak1 in the aging process remained unknown. Here, we investigated the age-related role of Ahnak1 in murine exercise capacity, mitochondrial function, and contractile function of cardiac and skeletal muscles. METHODS We employed 15- to 16-month-old female and male Ahnak1-knockout (Ahnak1-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and performed morphometric, biochemical, and bioenergetics assays to evaluate the effects of Ahnak1 on exercise capacity and mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiomyocytes and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. A human left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) was used to investigate the direct role of Ahnak1 in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We found that the level of Ahnak1 protein is significantly up-regulated with age in the murine LV (1.9-fold) and TA (1.8-fold) tissues. The suppression of Ahnak1 was associated with improved exercise tolerance, as all aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice (100%) successfully completed the running programme, whereas approximately 31% male and 8% female WT mice could maintain the required running speed and distance. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that LV and TA tissue specimens of aged adult Ahnak1-KO of both sexes have significantly more enlarged/elongated mitochondria and less small mitochondria compared with WT littermates (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) at basal level. Further, we observed a shift in mitochondrial fission/fusion balance towards fusion in cardiomyocytes and TA muscle from aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice. The maximal and reserve respiratory capacities were significantly higher in cardiomyocytes from aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice compared with the WT counterparts (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Cardiomyocyte contractility and fatigue resistance of TA muscles were significantly increased in Ahnak1-KO mice of both sexes, compared with the WT groups. In vitro studies using AC16 cells have confirmed that the alteration of mitochondrial function is indeed a direct effect of Ahnak1. Finally, we presented Ahnak1 as a novel cardiac mitochondrial membrane-associated protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Ahnak1 is involved in age-related cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and could therefore serve as a promising therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Schriever
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingman Xu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Heart Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Maria Steinecker
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Leber
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, and Berliner Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Kunz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah Recchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Di Francescantonio
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Morano
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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6
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Kang YJ, Yoo JI, Baek KW. Differential gene expression profile by RNA sequencing study of elderly osteoporotic hip fracture patients with sarcopenia. J Orthop Translat 2021; 29:10-18. [PMID: 34036042 PMCID: PMC8138673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to report the RNA sequencing profile according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fracture. Therefore, an important genetic factor candidate for sarcopenia causing hip fracture in elderly with osteoporosis has been identified. Methods The patient group involved subjects over 65 years who had undergone hip fracture surgery. Among 323 hip fracture (HF) patients identified from May 2017 to December 2019, 162 HF patients (90 non-sarcopenia and 72 sarcopenia groups), excluding subjects with high energy trauma and non-osteoporosis, were finally included in the analysis. For RNA sequencing, each patient with hand grip strength (HGS) values in the top 10% were enrolled in the control group and with the bottom 10% in the patient group. After excluding patients with poor tissue quality, 6 patients and 5 patients were selected for sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively. For qPCR validation, each patient with HGS values in the top 20% and bottom 20% was enrolled in the control and patient groups, respectively. After excluding patients with poor tissue quality, 12 patients and 12 patients were enrolled in the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria for low muscle strength (hand grip strength below 18 kg in women and 28 kg in men) and low muscle mass (SMI below 5.4 kg/m2 in women and 7.0 kg/m2 in men). The libraries were prepared for 100 bp paired-end sequencing using TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina, CA, USA). The gene expression counts were supplied to Deseq2 to extract possible gene sets as differentially expressed genes (DEG) that discriminate between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups that were carefully assigned by clinical observation. For the classification of the candidate genes from DEG analysis, we used the public databases; gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed for validation. Results Samples collected were subjected to RNAseq using the Illumina platform. A total of 11 samples from both sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups were sequenced. Fifteen genes (RUNX 1, NGFR, CH3L1, BCL3, PLA2G2A, MYBPH, TEP1, SEMA6B, CSPG4, ACSL5, SLC25A3, NDUFB5, CYC1, ACAT1, and TCAP) were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEG) in both the groups. In the qPCR results, the expression levels of SLC25A3 and TCAP gene in the OS group were significantly lower than in the non-OS groups whereas an increase in RUNX1 mRNA level was observed in the OS samples (p < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, this study detected gene expression difference according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia in elderly osteoporosis female patients with hip fracture. We have also identified 15 important genes (RUNX 1, NGFR, CH3L1, BCL3, PLA2G2A, MYBPH, TEP1, SEMA6B, CSPG4, ACSL5, SLC25A3, NDUFB5, CYC1, ACAT1, TCAP), a few GO categories and biological pathways that may be associated with the osteosarcopenia. Our study may provide effective means for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment sarcopenia in elderly osteoporosis female patients. The Translational potential of this article These findings provide a novel insight into the effects of aging on the response in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Further studies are underway to identify the specific signalling pathways involved. These results reveal potential therapeutic targets that could aid the regenerative capacity of aging skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Jae Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science Department at Gyeongsang National University, PMBBRC, Jinju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Life Science Department at Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
- Corresponding author. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, 90 Chilamdong, Jinju, Gyeongnamdo, 660-702, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
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7
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Parikh HM, Elgzyri T, Alibegovic A, Hiscock N, Ekström O, Eriksson KF, Vaag A, Groop LC, Ström K, Hansson O. Relationship between insulin sensitivity and gene expression in human skeletal muscle. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:32. [PMID: 33639916 PMCID: PMC7912896 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) in skeletal muscle is a key feature of the pre-diabetic state, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases and also predicts type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. METHODS To explore these mechanisms, we related global skeletal muscle gene expression profiling of 38 non-diabetic men to a surrogate measure of insulin sensitivity, i.e. homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS We identified 70 genes positively and 110 genes inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle, identifying autophagy-related genes as positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Replication in an independent study of 9 non-diabetic men resulted in 10 overlapping genes that strongly correlated with insulin sensitivity, including SIRT2, involved in lipid metabolism, and FBXW5 that regulates mammalian target-of-rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy. The expressions of SIRT2 and FBXW5 were also positively correlated with the expression of key genes promoting the phenotype of an insulin sensitive myocyte e.g. PPARGC1A. CONCLUSIONS The muscle expression of 180 genes were correlated with insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that activation of genes involved in lipid metabolism, e.g. SIRT2, and genes regulating autophagy and mTOR signaling, e.g. FBXW5, are associated with increased insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle, reflecting a highly flexible nutrient sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemang M Parikh
- Health Informatics Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 3650 Spectrum Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Targ Elgzyri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Natalie Hiscock
- Unilever Discover R & D, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Ola Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl-Fredrik Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center, DK-2820, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Leif C Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristoffer Ström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Mid Sweden University, SE-83125, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Endocrinology, Lund University, University Hospital Malmö, SE-20502, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Parker BL, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, James DE. Quantification of exercise‐regulated ubiquitin signaling in human skeletal muscle identifies protein modification cross talk via NEDDylation. FASEB J 2020; 34:5906-5916. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre School of Life and Environmental Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Physiology Centre for Muscle Research The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David E. James
- Charles Perkins Centre School of Life and Environmental Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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9
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AHNAK deficiency promotes browning and lipolysis in mice via increased responsiveness to β-adrenergic signalling. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23426. [PMID: 26987950 PMCID: PMC4796812 DOI: 10.1038/srep23426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In adipose tissue, agonists of the β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) regulate lipolysis, lipid oxidation, and thermogenesis. The deficiency in the thermogenesis induced by neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK in white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice fed a high-fat diet suggests that AHNAK may stimulate energy expenditure via development of beige fat. Here, we report that AHNAK deficiency promoted browning and thermogenic gene expression in WAT but not in brown adipose tissue of mice stimulated with the ADRB3 agonist CL-316243. Consistent with the increased thermogenesis, Ahnak(-/-) mice exhibited an increase in energy expenditure, accompanied by elevated mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT depots in response to CL-316243. Additionally, AHNAK-deficient WAT contained more eosinophils and higher levels of type 2 cytokines (IL-4/IL-13) to promote browning of WAT in response to CL-316243. This was associated with enhanced sympathetic tone in the WAT via upregulation of adrb3 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in response to β-adrenergic activation. CL-316243 activated PKA signalling and enhanced lipolysis, as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and release of free glycerol in Ahnak(-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. Overall, these findings suggest an important role of AHNAK in the regulation of thermogenesis and lipolysis in WAT via β-adrenergic signalling.
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Shin JH, Kim IY, Kim YN, Shin SM, Roh KJ, Lee SH, Sohn M, Cho SY, Lee SH, Ko CY, Kim HS, Choi CS, Bae YS, Seong JK. Obesity Resistance and Enhanced Insulin Sensitivity in Ahnak-/- Mice Fed a High Fat Diet Are Related to Impaired Adipogenesis and Increased Energy Expenditure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139720. [PMID: 26466345 PMCID: PMC4605776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Recent evidence has suggested that AHNAK expression is altered in obesity, although its role in adipose tissue development remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular mechanism by which Ahnak influences adipogenesis and glucose homeostasis. Design We investigated the in vitro role of AHNAK in adipogenesis using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and C3H10T1/2 cells. AHNAK-KO male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% calories from fat) and examined for glucose and insulin tolerances, for body fat compositions, and by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamping. Energy expenditures were assessed using metabolic cages and by measuring the expression levels of genes involved in thermogenesis in white or brown adipose tissues. Results Adipogenesis in ADSCs was impaired in AHNAK-KO mice. The loss of AHNAK led to decreased BMP4/SMAD1 signaling, resulting in the downregulation of key regulators of adipocyte differentiation (P<0.05). AHNAK directly interacted with SMAD1 on the Pparγ2 promoter. Concomitantly, HFD-fed AHNAK-KO mice displayed reduced hepatosteatosis and improved metabolic profiles, including improved glucose tolerance (P<0.001), enhanced insulin sensitivity (P<0.001), and increased energy expenditure (P<0.05), without undergoing alterations in food intake and physical activity. Conclusion AHNAK plays a crucial role in body fat accumulation by regulating adipose tissue development via interaction with the SMAD1 protein and can be involved in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hoon Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Il Yong Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yo Na Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Mee Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Jin Roh
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute and Division of Endocrinology Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Lee
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mira Sohn
- Division of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Cho
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Lee
- Ewha Research Center for Systems Biology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Institute of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kim
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute and Division of Endocrinology Gil Medical Center, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Division of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JKS); (YSB)
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology and BIO-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (JKS); (YSB)
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11
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Su J, Ekman C, Oskolkov N, Lahti L, Ström K, Brazma A, Groop L, Rung J, Hansson O. A novel atlas of gene expression in human skeletal muscle reveals molecular changes associated with aging. Skelet Muscle 2015; 5:35. [PMID: 26457177 PMCID: PMC4600214 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-015-0059-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although high-throughput studies of gene expression have generated large amounts of data, most of which is freely available in public archives, the use of this valuable resource is limited by computational complications and non-homogenous annotation. To address these issues, we have performed a complete re-annotation of public microarray data from human skeletal muscle biopsies and constructed a muscle expression compendium consisting of nearly 3000 samples. The created muscle compendium is a publicly available resource including all curated annotation. Using this data set, we aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of muscle aging and to describe how physical exercise may alleviate negative physiological effects. Results We find 957 genes to be significantly associated with aging (p < 0.05, FDR = 5 %, n = 361). Aging was associated with perturbation of many central metabolic pathways like mitochondrial function including reduced expression of genes in the ATP synthase, NADH dehydrogenase, cytochrome C reductase and oxidase complexes, as well as in glucose and pyruvate processing. Among the genes with the strongest association with aging were H3 histone, family 3B (H3F3B, p = 3.4 × 10−13), AHNAK nucleoprotein, desmoyokin (AHNAK, p = 6.9 × 10−12), and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4, p = 4.0 × 10−9). We also discover genes previously not linked to muscle aging and metabolism, such as fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 2 (FEZ2, p = 2.8 × 10−8). Out of the 957 genes associated with aging, 21 (p < 0.001, false discovery rate = 5 %, n = 116) were also associated with maximal oxygen consumption (VO2MAX). Strikingly, 20 out of those 21 genes are regulated in opposite direction when comparing increasing age with increasing VO2MAX. Conclusions These results support that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major age-related factor and also highlight the beneficial effects of maintaining a high physical capacity for prevention of age-related sarcopenia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0059-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK
| | - Carl Ekman
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502 Sweden
| | - Nikolay Oskolkov
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502 Sweden
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 66, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristoffer Ström
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502 Sweden.,Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, SE-83125 Östersund, Sweden
| | - Alvis Brazma
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502 Sweden
| | - Johan Rung
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD UK.,Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola Hansson
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, 20502 Sweden
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Cui L, Li G, Zhong W, Bian Y, Su S, Sheng Y, Shi Y, Wei D, Zhang W, Zhao H, Chen ZJ. Polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphisms in women with a single PCOS clinical feature. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:732-6. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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13
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Blaauw B, Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. Mechanisms modulating skeletal muscle phenotype. Compr Physiol 2014; 3:1645-87. [PMID: 24265241 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian skeletal muscles are composed of a variety of highly specialized fibers whose selective recruitment allows muscles to fulfill their diverse functional tasks. In addition, skeletal muscle fibers can change their structural and functional properties to perform new tasks or respond to new conditions. The adaptive changes of muscle fibers can occur in response to variations in the pattern of neural stimulation, loading conditions, availability of substrates, and hormonal signals. The new conditions can be detected by multiple sensors, from membrane receptors for hormones and cytokines, to metabolic sensors, which detect high-energy phosphate concentration, oxygen and oxygen free radicals, to calcium binding proteins, which sense variations in intracellular calcium induced by nerve activity, to load sensors located in the sarcomeric and sarcolemmal cytoskeleton. These sensors trigger cascades of signaling pathways which may ultimately lead to changes in fiber size and fiber type. Changes in fiber size reflect an imbalance in protein turnover with either protein accumulation, leading to muscle hypertrophy, or protein loss, with consequent muscle atrophy. Changes in fiber type reflect a reprogramming of gene transcription leading to a remodeling of fiber contractile properties (slow-fast transitions) or metabolic profile (glycolytic-oxidative transitions). While myonuclei are in postmitotic state, satellite cells represent a reserve of new nuclei and can be involved in the adaptive response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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14
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Ai H, Yang B, Li J, Xie X, Chen H, Ren J. Population history and genomic signatures for high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:834. [PMID: 25270331 PMCID: PMC4197311 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tibetan pig is one of domestic animals indigenous to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Several geographically isolated pig populations are distributed throughout the Plateau. It remained an open question if these populations have experienced different demographic histories and have evolved independent adaptive loci for the harsh environment of the Plateau. To address these questions, we herein investigated ~ 40,000 genetic variants across the pig genome in a broad panel of 678 individuals from 5 Tibetan geographic populations and 34 lowland breeds. RESULTS Using a series of population genetic analyses, we show that Tibetan pig populations have marked genetic differentiations. Tibetan pigs appear to be 3 independent populations corresponding to the Tibetan, Gansu and Sichuan & Yunnan locations. Each population is more genetically similar to its geographic neighbors than to any of the other Tibetan populations. By applying a locus-specific branch length test, we identified both population-specific and -shared candidate genes under selection in Tibetan pigs. These genes, such as PLA2G12A, RGCC, C9ORF3, GRIN2B, GRID1 and EPAS1, are involved in high-altitude physiology including angiogenesis, pulmonary hypertension, oxygen intake, defense response and erythropoiesis. A majority of these genes have not been implicated in previous studies of highlanders and high-altitude animals. CONCLUSION Tibetan pig populations have experienced substantial genetic differentiation. Historically, Tibetan pigs likely had admixture with neighboring lowland breeds. During the long history of colonization in the Plateau, Tibetan pigs have developed a complex biological adaptation mechanism that could be different from that of Tibetans and other animals. Different Tibetan pig populations appear to have both distinct and convergent adaptive loci for the harsh environment of the Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huashui Ai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 P. R China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 P. R China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 P. R China
| | - Xianhua Xie
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 P. R China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 P. R China
| | - Jun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Animal Biotechnology of Jiangxi Province and the Ministry of Agriculture of China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 P. R China
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15
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Fontes-Oliveira CC, Busquets S, Fuster G, Ametller E, Figueras M, Olivan M, Toledo M, López-Soriano FJ, Qu X, Demuth J, Stevens P, Varbanov A, Wang F, Isfort RJ, Argilés JM. A differential pattern of gene expression in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats reveals dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling together with additional muscle alterations. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:233-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibely Cristine Fontes-Oliveira
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Elisabet Ametller
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Maite Figueras
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Francisco J. López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Jeffrey Demuth
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Paula Stevens
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Alex Varbanov
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Robert J. Isfort
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Buscemi S, Canino B, Batsis JA, Buscemi C, Calandrino V, Mattina A, Arnone M, Caimi G, Cerasola G, Verga S. Relationships between maximal oxygen uptake and endothelial function in healthy male adults: a preliminary study. Acta Diabetol 2013; 50:135-41. [PMID: 20953639 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-010-0229-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic capacity, as indicated by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) has an important role in contrasting the traditional cardiovascular risk factors and preventing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is known that endothelial function, measured as flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, is strictly linked to atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk. However, the relationship between VO2 max and FMD has not been fully investigated especially in healthy non-obese subjects. This preliminary study cross-sectionally investigated the relationship between VO2 max and FMD in 22 non-obese, healthy sedentary male subjects. Dividing the cohort in two subgroups of 11 subjects each according to the median value of VO2 max, the FMD was significantly lower in the subgroup with lower VO2 max (mean ± sem: 7.1 ± 0.7 vs. 9.5 ± 0.8 %; P = 0.035). Absolute VO2 max (mL min(-1)) was significantly and independently correlated with body fat mass (r = -0.50; P = 0.018) and with FMD (r = 0.44; P = 0.039). This preliminary study suggests that maximal oxygen uptake is independently correlated with endothelial function in healthy non-obese adults. These results are also in agreement with the possibility that improving maximal oxygen uptake may have a favorable effect on endothelial function and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Buscemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular and Kidney Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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17
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Lammers G, Poelkens F, van Duijnhoven NTL, Pardoel EM, Hoenderop JG, Thijssen DHJ, Hopman MTE. Expression of genes involved in fatty acid transport and insulin signaling is altered by physical inactivity and exercise training in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E1245-51. [PMID: 23011062 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00356.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical deconditioning is associated with the development of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exercise training effectively counteracts these developments, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. To gain more insight into these mechanisms, muscular gene expression levels were assessed after physical deconditioning and after exercise training of the lower limbs in humans by use of gene expression microarrays. To exclude systemic effects, we used human models for local physical inactivity (3 wk of unilateral limb suspension) and for local exercise training (6 wk of functional electrical stimulation exercise of the extremely deconditioned legs of individuals with a spinal cord injury). The most interesting subset of genes, those downregulated after deconditioning as well as upregulated after exercise training, contained 18 genes related to both the "insulin action" and "adipocytokine signaling" pathway. Of these genes, the three with strongest up/downregulation were the muscular fatty acid-binding protein-3 (FABP3), the fatty acid oxidizing enzyme hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), and the mitochondrial fatty acid transporter solute carrier 25 family member A20 (SLC25A20). The expression levels of these genes were confirmed using RT-qPCR. The results of the present study indicate an important role for a decreased transport and metabolism of fatty acids, which provides a link between physical activity levels and insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwen Lammers
- Dept. of Physiology, Radboud Univ. Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wang J, Wu Z, Li D, Li N, Dindot SV, Satterfield MC, Bazer FW, Wu G. Nutrition, epigenetics, and metabolic syndrome. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:282-301. [PMID: 22044276 PMCID: PMC3353821 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Epidemiological and animal studies have demonstrated a close link between maternal nutrition and chronic metabolic disease in children and adults. Compelling experimental results also indicate that adverse effects of intrauterine growth restriction on offspring can be carried forward to subsequent generations through covalent modifications of DNA and core histones. RECENT ADVANCES DNA methylation is catalyzed by S-adenosylmethionine-dependent DNA methyltransferases. Methylation, demethylation, acetylation, and deacetylation of histone proteins are performed by histone methyltransferase, histone demethylase, histone acetyltransferase, and histone deacetyltransferase, respectively. Histone activities are also influenced by phosphorylation, ubiquitination, ADP-ribosylation, sumoylation, and glycosylation. Metabolism of amino acids (glycine, histidine, methionine, and serine) and vitamins (B6, B12, and folate) plays a key role in provision of methyl donors for DNA and protein methylation. CRITICAL ISSUES Disruption of epigenetic mechanisms can result in oxidative stress, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and vascular dysfunction in animals and humans. Despite a recognized role for epigenetics in fetal programming of metabolic syndrome, research on therapies is still in its infancy. Possible interventions include: 1) inhibition of DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and microRNA expression; 2) targeting epigenetically disturbed metabolic pathways; and 3) dietary supplementation with functional amino acids, vitamins, and phytochemicals. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Much work is needed with animal models to understand the basic mechanisms responsible for the roles of specific nutrients in fetal and neonatal programming. Such new knowledge is crucial to design effective therapeutic strategies for preventing and treating metabolic abnormalities in offspring born to mothers with a previous experience of malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Defa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of AgroBiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Scott V. Dindot
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - M. Carey Satterfield
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Fuller W. Bazer
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Guoyao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Galgani JE, Johannsen NM, Bajpeyi S, Costford SR, Zhang Z, Gupta AK, Ravussin E. Role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial density on exercise-stimulated lipid oxidation. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1387-93. [PMID: 21681225 PMCID: PMC4104481 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial density is proposed to lead to impaired muscle lipid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation in sedentary individuals. We assessed exercise-stimulated lipid oxidation by imposing a prolonged moderate-intensity exercise in men with variable skeletal muscle mitochondrial density as measured by citrate synthase (CS) activity. After a 2-day isoenergetic high-fat diet, lipid oxidation was measured before and during exercise (650 kcal at 50% VO(2)max) in 20 healthy men with either high (HI-CS = 24 ± 1; mean ± s.e.) or low (LO-CS = 17 ± 1 nmol/min/mg protein) muscle CS activity. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained before and immediately after exercise. Respiratory exchange data and blood samples were collected at rest and throughout the exercise. HI-CS subjects had higher VO(2)max (50 ± 1 vs. 44 ± 2 ml/kg fat free mass/min; P = 0.01), lower fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) (0.81 ± 0.01 vs. 0.85 ± 0.01; P = 0.04) and higher ex vivo muscle palmitate oxidation (866 ± 168 vs. 482 ± 78 nmol/h/mg muscle; P = 0.05) compared to LO-CS individuals. However, whole-body exercise-stimulated lipid oxidation (20 ± 2 g vs. 19 ± 1 g; P = 0.65) and plasma glucose, lactate, insulin, and catecholamine responses were similar between the two groups. In conclusion, in response to the same energy demand during a moderate prolonged exercise bout, reliance on lipid oxidation was similar in individuals with high and low skeletal muscle mitochondrial density. This data suggests that decreased muscle mitochondrial density may not necessarily impair reliance on lipid oxidation over the course of the day since it was normal under a high-lipid oxidative demand condition. Twenty-four-hour lipid oxidation and its relationship with mitochondrial density need to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose E Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Yang W, Hekimi S. Two modes of mitochondrial dysfunction lead independently to lifespan extension in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2010; 9:433-47. [PMID: 20346072 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, longevity is increased by a partial loss-of-function mutation in the mitochondrial complex III subunit gene isp-1. Longevity is also increased by RNAi against the expression of a variety of mitochondrial respiratory chain genes, including isp-1, but it is unknown whether the isp-1(qm150) mutation and the RNAi treatments trigger the same underlying mechanisms of longevity. We have identified nuo-6(qm200), a mutation in a conserved subunit of mitochondrial complex I (NUDFB4). The mutation reduces the function of complex I and, like isp-1(qm150), results in low oxygen consumption, slow growth, slow behavior, and increased lifespan. We have compared the phenotypes of nuo-6(qm200) to those of nuo-6(RNAi) and found them to be distinct in crucial ways, including patterns of growth and fertility, behavioral rates, oxygen consumption, ATP levels, autophagy, and resistance to paraquat, as well as expression of superoxide dismutases, mitochondrial heat-shock proteins, and other gene expression markers. RNAi treatments appear to generate a stress and autophagy response, while the genomic mutation alters electron transport and reactive oxygen species metabolism. For many phenotypes, we also compared isp-1(qm150) to isp-1(RNAi) and found the same pattern of differences. Most importantly, we found that, while the lifespan of nuo-6, isp-1 double mutants is not greater than that of the single mutants, the lifespan increase induced by nuo-6(RNAi) is fully additive to that induced by isp-1(qm150), and the increase induced by isp-1(RNAi) is fully additive to that induced by nuo-6(qm200). Our results demonstrate that distinct and separable aspects of mitochondrial biology affect lifespan independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is varied and complex. However, the association of DM with obesity and inactivity indicates an important, and potentially pathogenic, link between fuel and energy homeostasis and the emergence of metabolic disease. Given the central role for mitochondria in fuel utilization and energy production, disordered mitochondrial function at the cellular level can impact whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the hypothesis that defective or insufficient mitochondrial function might play a potentially pathogenic role in mediating risk of type 2 DM has emerged in recent years. Here, we summarize current literature on risk factors for diabetes pathogenesis, on the specific role(s) of mitochondria in tissues involved in its pathophysiology, and on evidence pointing to alterations in mitochondrial function in these tissues that could contribute to the development of DM. We also review literature on metabolic phenotypes of existing animal models of impaired mitochondrial function. We conclude that, whereas the association between impaired mitochondrial function and DM is strong, a causal pathogenic relationship remains uncertain. However, we hypothesize that genetically determined and/or inactivity-mediated alterations in mitochondrial oxidative activity may directly impact adaptive responses to overnutrition, causing an imbalance between oxidative activity and nutrient load. This imbalance may lead in turn to chronic accumulation of lipid oxidative metabolites that can mediate insulin resistance and secretory dysfunction. More refined experimental strategies that accurately mimic potential reductions in mitochondrial functional capacity in humans at risk for diabetes will be required to determine the potential pathogenic role in human insulin resistance and type 2 DM.
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Højlund K, Bowen BP, Hwang H, Flynn CR, Madireddy L, Geetha T, Langlais P, Meyer C, Mandarino LJ, Yi Z. In vivo phosphoproteome of human skeletal muscle revealed by phosphopeptide enrichment and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Proteome Res 2010; 8:4954-65. [PMID: 19764811 DOI: 10.1021/pr9007267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an essential role in signal transduction pathways that regulate substrate and energy metabolism, contractile function, and muscle mass in human skeletal muscle. Abnormal phosphorylation of signaling enzymes has been identified in insulin-resistant muscle using phosphoepitope-specific antibodies, but its role in other skeletal muscle disorders remains largely unknown. This may be in part due to insufficient knowledge of relevant targets. Here, we therefore present the first large-scale in vivo phosphoproteomic study of human skeletal muscle from 3 lean, healthy volunteers. Trypsin digestion of 3-5 mg human skeletal muscle protein was followed by phosphopeptide enrichment using SCX and TiO(2). The resulting phosphopeptides were analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Using this unbiased approach, we identified 306 distinct in vivo phosphorylation sites in 127 proteins, including 240 phosphoserines, 53 phosphothreonines, and 13 phosphotyrosines in at least 2 out of 3 subjects. In addition, 61 ambiguous phosphorylation sites were identified in at least 2 out of 3 subjects. The majority of phosphoproteins detected are involved in sarcomeric function, excitation-contraction coupling (the Ca(2+)-cycle), glycolysis, and glycogen metabolism. Of particular interest, we identified multiple novel phosphorylation sites on several sarcomeric Z-disk proteins known to be involved in signaling and muscle disorders. These results provide numerous new targets for the investigation of human skeletal muscle phosphoproteins in health and disease and demonstrate feasibility of phosphoproteomics research of human skeletal muscle in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Højlund
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-3704, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
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