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Sugita K, Yano K, Matsukubo M, Iwamoto Y, Ogata M, Takada L, Kedoin C, Murakami M, Harumatsu T, Onishi S, Kawano T, Muto M, Kumagai K, Ido A, Kaji T, Ieiri S. Potential mechanisms underlying the effect of hepatocyte growth factor on liver injury in short bowel syndrome model rats. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 40:8. [PMID: 37999791 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the autophagy associated with apoptosis in hepatic damage in the short bowel syndrome rat model. METHODS SD rats underwent jugular vein catheterization for continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and 90% small bowel resection. Animals were divided into two groups: TPN plus SBS (Control group) or TPN plus SBS plus intravenous administration of HGF (HGF group). On day 7, the rats were harvested, and hepatocellular injury was evaluated. RESULTS In an SBS rat model, hepatic steatosis and lobular inflammation were histologically suppressed in the HGF group (p < 0.01). The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the HGF group tend to be higher than that in the control group (p = 0.13). The gene expression of transforming Growth Factor-β in the HGF group was suppressed compared to the control group (p < 0.01). HGF treatment may have an antiapoptotic effect via the intrinsic pathway by caspase 9. Protein expressions of Rubicon (p = 0.03) and p62 (p < 0.01) in the HGF group were found to have increased compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of HGF on hepatic steatosis remains unclear, and further studies focusing on the mechanisms of fat accumulation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsukubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masato Ogata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Lynne Takada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kedoin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masakazu Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan.
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Liu Y, Wei Y, Dou Y, Li C, Song C, Zhang Z, Qi K, Li X, Qiao R, Wang K, Li X, Yang F, Han X. Effect of miR-149-5p on intramuscular fat deposition in pigs based on metabolomics and transcriptomics. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:293. [PMID: 37259030 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the important traits in pig production, meat quality has important research significance and value. Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is one of the most important factors affecting pork quality. Many experimental studies have shown that IMF content is closely related to the flavor, tenderness, and juiciness of pork. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the mechanism of porcine IMF deposition. Previous research indicated that miR-149-5p promoted the proliferation of porcine intramuscular (IM) preadipocytes and decreased their ability to differentiate, albeit the exact mechanism of action is unknown. In vitro, foreign pigs showed increased miR-149-5p expression and reduced fat deposition when compared to Queshan Black pigs. This study conducted metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of porcine IM preadipocytes overexpressing miR-149-5p to verify their effects on lipid formation. According to metabolomics analysis, the overexpression of miR-149-5p has significantly altered the lipid, organic acid, and organic oxygen metabolites of porcine IM preadipocytes. Specially speaking, it has changed 115 metabolites, including 105 up-regulated and 10 down-regulated ones, as well as the composition of lipid, organic acid, and organic oxygen metabolism-related metabolites. RNA-seq analysis showed that overexpression of miR-149-5p significantly altered 857 genes, of which 442 were up-regulated, and 415 were down-regulated, with enrichment to MAPK, IL-17, PI3K-Akt, and ErbB signaling pathways. We found that overexpression of miR-149-5p inhibited adipogenic differentiation by changing cAMP signaling pathway in porcine IM preadipocytes. In addition, the overexpression of miR-149-5p may affect the transport of Cu2+ by targeting ATP7A and inhibiting adipogenic differentiation. These findings elucidate the regulatory function of miR-149-5p in porcine IM preadipocytes, which may be a key target for controlling pork quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilin Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yaqing Dou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenlei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chenglei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kunlong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xinjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Ruimin Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Kejun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xuelei Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Sargsyan A, Doridot L, Hannou SA, Tong W, Srinivasan H, Ivison R, Monn R, Kou HH, Haldeman JM, Arlotto M, White PJ, Grimsrud PA, Astapova I, Tsai LT, Herman MA. HGFAC is a ChREBP-regulated hepatokine that enhances glucose and lipid homeostasis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e153740. [PMID: 36413406 PMCID: PMC9870088 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) is a carbohydrate-sensing transcription factor that regulates both adaptive and maladaptive genomic responses in coordination of systemic fuel homeostasis. Genetic variants in the ChREBP locus associate with diverse metabolic traits in humans, including circulating lipids. To identify novel ChREBP-regulated hepatokines that contribute to its systemic metabolic effects, we integrated ChREBP ChIP-Seq analysis in mouse liver with human genetic and genomic data for lipid traits and identified hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFAC) as a promising ChREBP-regulated candidate in mice and humans. HGFAC is a protease that activates the pleiotropic hormone hepatocyte growth factor. We demonstrate that HGFAC-KO mice had phenotypes concordant with putative loss-of-function variants in human HGFAC. Moreover, in gain- and loss-of-function genetic mouse models, we demonstrate that HGFAC enhanced lipid and glucose homeostasis, which may be mediated in part through actions to activate hepatic PPARγ activity. Together, our studies show that ChREBP mediated an adaptive response to overnutrition via activation of HGFAC in the liver to preserve glucose and lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashot Sargsyan
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ludivine Doridot
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah A. Hannou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenxin Tong
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Harini Srinivasan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael Ivison
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruby Monn
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Henry H. Kou
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Haldeman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michelle Arlotto
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Phillip J. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A. Grimsrud
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Inna Astapova
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Linus T. Tsai
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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4
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Yano K, Sugita K, Muto M, Matsukubo M, Onishi S, Kedoin C, Matsui M, Murakami M, Harumatsu T, Yamada K, Yamada W, Kumagai K, Ido A, Kaji T, Ieiri S. The preventive effect of recombinant human hepatocyte growth factor for hepatic steatosis in a rat model of short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:1286-1292. [PMID: 35396090 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients require total parenteral nutrition (TPN) following massive small bowel resection (SBR), which may cause intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD), a life-threatening complication. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts as a potent hepatocyte mitogen with anti inflammatory and antioxidant actions. The present study evaluated the effect of recombinant human HGF (rh-HGF) on SBR and subsequent IFALD using a parentally fed rat model of SBS. METHODS Rats underwent jugular vein catheterization for continuous TPN and 90% SBR. They were divided into 2 groups: TPN alone (SBS/TPN group: n = 7) or TPN plus the intravenous administration of rh-HGF (0.3 mg/kg/day) (SBS/TPN+HGF group: n = 7). On day 7, their tissues and stool were harvested to evaluate the effects of HGF. RESULTS Regarding the histological findings, based on the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score, the SBS/TPN+HGF group showed significantly less hepatic steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration than the SBS/TPN group (NAFLD activity score, 4.00 ± 1.83 vs. 1.00 ± 0.82; p < 0.01). The SBS/TPN+HGF group showed a higher expression of Farnesoid X receptor in the liver and lower expression of Toll-like receptor 4 in the ileum than the SBS/TPN group. Regarding the composition of the bacterial gut microbiota, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were decreased in the SBS/TPN+HGF group compared with the SBS/TPN group. CONCLUSION In our SBS with TPN rat model, rh-HGF administration had a preventive effect against hepatic steatosis and dysbiosis. rh-HGF may therefore be a potentially effective therapeutic agent for SBS and subsequent IFALD. TYPE OF STUDY Experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koshiro Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsukubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kedoin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mayu Matsui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Waka Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Clinical Training Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Clinical Training Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Rada P, Lamballe F, Carceller-López E, Hitos AB, Sequera C, Maina F, Valverde ÁM. Enhanced Wild-Type MET Receptor Levels in Mouse Hepatocytes Attenuates Insulin-Mediated Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050793. [PMID: 35269415 PMCID: PMC8909847 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Compelling evidence points to the MET receptor tyrosine kinase as a key player during liver development and regeneration. Recently, a role of MET in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance and obesity is emerging. Herein, we aimed to determine whether MET regulates hepatic insulin sensitivity. To achieve this, mice in which the expression of wild-type MET in hepatocytes is slightly enhanced above endogenous levels (Alb-R26Met mice) were analyzed to document glucose homeostasis, energy balance, and insulin signaling in hepatocytes. We found that Alb-R26Met mice exhibited higher body weight and food intake when compared to R26stopMet control mice. Metabolic analyses revealed that Alb-R26Met mice presented age-related glucose and pyruvate intolerance in comparison to R26stopMet controls. Additionally, in Alb-R26Met mice, high MET levels decreased insulin-induced insulin receptor (IR) and AKT phosphorylation compared to control mice. These results were corroborated in vitro by analyzing IR and AKT phosphorylation in primary mouse hepatocytes from Alb-R26Met and R26stopMet mice upon insulin stimulation. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed MET-IR interaction under both basal and insulin stimulation conditions; this effect was enhanced in Alb-R26Met hepatocytes. Altogether, our results indicate that enhanced MET levels alter hepatic glucose homeostasis, which can be an early event for subsequent liver pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rada
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (F.M.); (Á.M.V.)
| | - Fabienne Lamballe
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Elena Carceller-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Ana B. Hitos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celia Sequera
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; (F.L.); (C.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (F.M.); (Á.M.V.)
| | - Ángela M. Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (E.C.-L.); (A.B.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (F.M.); (Á.M.V.)
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Exploring the Gamut of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases for Their Promise in the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121776. [PMID: 34944593 PMCID: PMC8698495 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a predominant health concern affecting approximately a quarter of the world’s population. NAFLD is a spectrum of liver ailments arising from nascent lipid accumulation and leading to inflammation, fibrosis or even carcinogenesis. Despite its prevalence and severity, no targeted pharmacological intervention is approved to date. Thus, it is imperative to identify suitable drug targets critical to the development and progression of NAFLD. In this quest, a ray of hope is nestled within a group of proteins, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), as targets to contain or even reverse NAFLD. RTKs control numerous vital biological processes and their selective expression and activity in specific diseases have rendered them useful as drug targets. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in characterizing the role of RTKs in NAFLD progression and qualify their suitability as pharmacological targets. Available data suggests inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, AXL, Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor, and activation of cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 could pave the way for novel NAFLD therapeutics. Thus, it is important to characterize these RTKs for target validation and proof-of-concept through clinical trials.
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Matsukubo M, Yano K, Kaji T, Sugita K, Onishi S, Harumatsu T, Nagano A, Matsui M, Murakami M, Yamada K, Yamada W, Muto M, Kumagai K, Ido A, Ieiri S. The administration of hepatocyte growth factor prevents total parenteral nutrition-induced hepatocellular injury in a rat model. Pediatr Surg Int 2021; 37:353-361. [PMID: 33388954 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04823-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) sometimes induces parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts as a potent hepatocyte mitogen anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions. We aimed to evaluate the effect of HGF on PNALD in a rat model of TPN. METHODS A catheter was placed in the right jugular vein for 7-day continuous TPN. All rats were divided into three groups: TPN alone (TPN group), TPN plus intravenous HGF at 0.3 mg/kg/day [TPN + HGF (low) group], and TPN plus HGF at 1.0 mg/kg/day [TPN + HGF (high) group]. On day 7, livers were harvested and the histology, inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis were evaluated. RESULTS Histologically, lipid droplets were apparent in the TPN group, but decreased in the TPN + HGF (low) and TPN + HGF (high) groups. The histological nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores in the TPN + HGF (low) and TPN + HGF (high) groups were significantly lower than that in the TPN group (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in the inflammatory cytokine levels of the three groups. The caspase-9 expression levels in the TPN + HGF (low) and TPN + HGF (high) groups were significantly decreased in comparison to that in the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The intravenous administration of HGF attenuated hepatic steatosis induced by 7-day TPN dose dependently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Matsukubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Clinical Training Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koshiro Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nagano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mayu Matsui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masakazu Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Waka Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Clinical Training Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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8
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Zhao M, Jung Y, Jiang Z, Svensson KJ. Regulation of Energy Metabolism by Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ligands. Front Physiol 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32372975 PMCID: PMC7186430 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease, have now reached epidemic proportions. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors responding to growth factors, hormones, and cytokines to mediate a diverse set of fundamental cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. These ligands signal by endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine means in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system to control cellular and tissue-specific metabolic processes. Interestingly, the expression of many RTKs and their ligands are controlled by changes in metabolic demand, for example, during starvation, feeding, or obesity. In addition, studies of RTKs and their ligands in regulating energy homeostasis have revealed unexpected diversity in the mechanisms of action and their specific metabolic functions. Our current understanding of the molecular, biochemical and genetic control of energy homeostasis by the endocrine RTK ligands insulin, FGF21 and FGF19 are now relatively well understood. In addition to these classical endocrine signals, non-endocrine ligands can govern local energy regulation, and the intriguing crosstalk between the RTK family and the TGFβ receptor family demonstrates a signaling network that diversifies metabolic process between tissues. Thus, there is a need to increase our molecular and mechanistic understanding of signal diversification of RTK actions in metabolic disease. Here we review the known and emerging molecular mechanisms of RTK signaling that regulate systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as highlighting unexpected roles of non-classical RTK ligands that crosstalk with other receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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Okamoto K, Koda M, Okamoto T, Onoyama T, Miyoshi K, Kishina M, Matono T, Kato J, Tokunaga S, Sugihara T, Hiramatsu A, Hyogo H, Tobita H, Sato S, Kawanaka M, Hara Y, Hino K, Chayama K, Murawaki Y, Isomoto H. Serum miR-379 expression is related to the development and progression of hypercholesterolemia in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0219412. [PMID: 32106257 PMCID: PMC7046274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a wide spectrum, eventually leading to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinogenesis. We previously reported that a series of microRNAs (miRNAs) mapped in the 14q32.2 maternally imprinted gene region (Dlk1-Dio3 mat) are related to NAFLD development and progression in a mouse model. We examined the suitability of miR-379, a circulating Dlk1-Dio3 mat miRNA, as a human NAFLD biomarker. Methods Eighty NAFLD patients were recruited for this study. miR-379 was selected from the putative Dlk1-Dio3 mat miRNA cluster because it exhibited the greatest expression difference between NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in our preliminary study. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression levels of miR-379 and miR-16 as an internal control. One patient was excluded due to low RT-PCR signal. Results Compared to normal controls, serum miR-379 expression was significantly up-regulated in NAFLD patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that miR-379 is a suitable marker for discriminating NAFLD patients from controls, with an area under the curve value of 0.72. Serum miR-379 exhibited positive correlations with alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and non-high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with early stage NAFLD (Brunt fibrosis stage 0 to 1). The correlation between serum miR-379 and cholesterol levels was lost in early stage NAFLD patients treated with statins. Software-based predictions indicated that various energy metabolism–related genes, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor, are potential targets of miR-379. Conclusions Serum miR-379 exhibits high potential as a biomarker for NAFLD. miR-379 appears to increase cholesterol lipotoxicity, leading to the development and progression of NAFLD, via interference with the expression of target genes, including those related to the IGF-1 signaling pathway. Our results could facilitate future research into the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinya Okamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Masahiko Koda
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okamoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takumi Onoyama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Kenichi Miyoshi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Manabu Kishina
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Matono
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Jun Kato
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Shiho Tokunaga
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sugihara
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Hyogo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tobita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawanaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, General Medical Center, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hara
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hino
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Murawaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori, Japan
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Wang M, Song L, Strange C, Dong X, Wang H. Therapeutic Effects of Adipose Stem Cells from Diabetic Mice for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Ther 2018; 26:1921-1930. [PMID: 30005867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the potential therapeutic effects of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), we compared the phenotype and functionality of ASCs isolated from high-fat diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D and the leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice with cells from healthy C57BL/6 mice. ASCs from T2D or db/db mice showed similar expression patterns of cellular markers and abilities to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. However, the rate of proliferation was reduced. ASCs from db/db mice secreted less hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). T2D mice receiving a single intravenous injection of T2D or db/db ASCs showed increased insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation and fat content in adipose tissue and the liver and increased pancreatic β cell mass through 5 weeks post-infusion. Our data show that, although ASCs from T2D or db/db mice had inferior proliferative capacity compared to cells from healthy controls, improved insulin sensitivity and less β cell death was seen in T2D mice receiving mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy. This study offers evidence that ASCs from diabetic donors have the potential to be used for cell therapy in the treatment of insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China
| | - Lili Song
- China Agricultural University, Beijng 100094, China
| | - Charlie Strange
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Xiao Dong
- College of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Yang YM, Fukui M, Wang Z, Miao F, Karriker MJ, Seki E. Interventional Potential of Recombinant Feline Hepatocyte Growth Factor in a Mouse Model of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:378. [PMID: 30083132 PMCID: PMC6064873 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional pleiotropic protein involved in tissue regeneration, protection, angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic responses, and tumorigenesis, through binding to its receptor MET. Recombinant HGF protein has been shown to mitigate various liver disease models, such as alcohol-induced liver injury, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, and fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-lipogenic effects of exogenous administration of feline HGF on a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model. Methods: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were fed a choline-deficient amino acid defined (CDAA) diet for 3 weeks to create the mouse model of NASH, which displays hepatic steatosis, inflammation, injury, and very mild fibrosis. One mg/kg of recombinant feline HGF was administered intravenously daily in the last 7 days of the total 3 weeks of CDAA diet feeding. Then, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, injury, and fibrogenic gene expression was examined. Results: After 3 weeks of a CDAA diet-feeding, the vehicle-treated mice exhibited evident deposition of lipid droplets in hepatocytes, inflammatory cell infiltration, and hepatocyte ballooning along with increased serum ALT levels whereas recombinant HGF-treated mice showed reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and ballooned hepatocytes with a reduction of serum ALT levels. Recombinant HGF administration promoted hepatocyte proliferation. Increased hepatic lipid accumulation was accompanied by elevated expression of lipogenesis genes Fasn and Dgat1 in vehicle-treated mice. In HGF-treated mice, these genes were reduced with a decrease of lipid accumulation in the liver. Consistent with the anti-inflammatory property of HGF, augmented macrophage infiltration and upregulation of chemokines, Cxcl1, Ccl2, and Ccl5 in the CDAA diet fed mice, were suppressed by the addition of the HGF treatment. Finally, we examined the fibrotic response. The vehicle-treated mice had mild fibrosis with upregulation of Col1a1, Acta2, Timp1, Tgfb1, and Serpine1 expression. Recombinant HGF treatment significantly suppressed fibrogenic gene expression and collagen deposition in the liver. Conclusion: Recombinant feline HGF treatment suppressed the progression of NASH in a CDAA diet feeding mouse model.This suggests that recombinant HGF protein has therapeutic potential for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Masato Fukui
- Veterinary Medical Center–San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fiona Miao
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Margo J. Karriker
- Veterinary Medical Center–San Diego, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ekihiro Seki
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12
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Kato T. Biological roles of hepatocyte growth factor-Met signaling from genetically modified animals. Biomed Rep 2017; 7:495-503. [PMID: 29188052 DOI: 10.3892/br.2017.1001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is produced by stromal and mesenchymal cells, and it stimulates epithelial cell proliferation, motility, morphogenesis and angiogenesis in various organs via tyrosine phosphorylation of its cognate receptor, Met. The HGF-Met signaling pathway contributes in a paracrine manner to the development of epithelial organs, exerts regenerative effects on the epithelium, and promotes the regression of fibrosis in numerous organs. Additionally, the HGF-Met signaling pathway is correlated with the biology of cancer types, neurons and immunity. In vivo analyses using genetic modification have markedly increased the profound understanding of the HGF-Met system in basic biology and its clinical applications. HGF and Met knockout (KO) mice are embryonically lethal. Therefore, amino acids in multifunctional docking sites of Met have been exchanged with specific binding motifs for downstream adaptor molecules in order to investigate the signaling potential of the HGF-Met signaling pathway. Conditional Met KO mice were generated using Cre-loxP methodology and characterization of these mice indicated that the HGF-Met signaling pathway is essential in regeneration, protection, and homeostasis in various tissue types and cells. Furthermore, the results of studies using HGF-overexpressing mice have indicated the therapeutic potential of HGF for various types of disease and injury. In the present review, the phenotypes of Met gene-modified mice are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kato
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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13
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zhou SF, Yu ZL, Wang XY, Zhu PL, Chu ZS, Pan SY, Xie M, Ko KM. Biochemical mechanism underlying hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis/hepatomegaly induced by acute schisandrin B treatment in mice. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:8. [PMID: 28086886 PMCID: PMC5237187 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been demonstrated that acute oral administration of schisandrin B (Sch B), an active dibenzocyclooctadiene isolated from Schisandrae Fructus (a commonly used traditional Chinese herb), increased serum and hepatic triglyceride (TG) levels and hepatic mass in mice. The present study aimed to investigate the biochemical mechanism underlying the Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and hepatomegaly. Methods Male ICR mice were given a single oral dose of Sch B (0.25–2 g/kg). Sch B-induced changes in serum levels of biomarkers, such as TG, total cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB 48), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and hepatic growth factor (HGF), as well as hepatic lipids and mass, epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and adipocyte size, and histological changes of the liver and EAT were examined over a period of 12–120 h after Sch B treatment. Results Serum and hepatic TG levels were increased by 1.0–4.3 fold and 40–158% at 12–72 h and 12–96 h, respectively, after Sch B administration. Sch B treatment elevated serum ApoB 48 level (up to 12%), a marker of exogenous TG, but not VLDL, as compared with the vehicle treatment. Treatment with Sch B caused a time-/dose-dependent reduction in EAT index (up to 39%) and adipocyte size (up to 67%) and elevation in serum NEFA level (up to 55%). Sch B treatment induced hepatic steatosis in a time-/dose-dependent manner, as indicated by increases in total vacuole area (up to 3.2 fold vs. the vehicle control) and lipid positive staining area (up to 17.5 × 103 μm2) in liver tissue. Hepatic index and serum HGF levels were increased by 18–60% and 42–71% at 12–120 h and 24–72 h post-Sch B dosing, respectively. In addition, ultrastructural changes, such as increase in size and disruption of cristae, in hepatic mitochondria were observed in Sch B-treated mice. Conclusion Our findings suggest that exogenous sources of TG and the breakdown of fat storage in the body contribute to Sch B-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. Hepatomegaly (a probable hepatotoxic action) caused by Sch B may result from the fat accumulation and mitochondrial damage in liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine & Translational Science, HKBU Shenzhen Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Pei-Li Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Zhu-Sheng Chu
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Si-Yuan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China.
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Formulaology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Kam-Ming Ko
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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14
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Gomez-Quiroz LE, Seo D, Lee YH, Kitade M, Gaiser T, Gillen M, Lee SB, Gutierrez-Ruiz MC, Conner EA, Factor VM, Thorgeirsson SS, Marquardt JU. Loss of c-Met signaling sensitizes hepatocytes to lipotoxicity and induces cholestatic liver damage by aggravating oxidative stress. Toxicology 2016; 361-362:39-48. [PMID: 27394961 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies confirmed a critical importance of c-Met signaling for liver regeneration by modulating redox balance. Here we used liver-specific conditional knockout mice (MetKO) and a nutritional model of hepatic steatosis to address the role of c-Met in cholesterol-mediated liver toxicity. Liver injury was assessed by histopathology and plasma enzymes levels. Global transcriptomic changes were examined by gene expression microarray, and key molecules involved in liver damage and lipid homeostasis were evaluated by Western blotting. Loss of c-Met signaling amplified the extent of liver injury in MetKO mice fed with high-cholesterol diet for 30days as evidenced by upregulation of liver enzymes and increased synthesis of total bile acids, aggravated inflammatory response and enhanced intrahepatic lipid deposition. Global transcriptomic changes confirmed the enrichment of networks involved in steatosis and cholestasis. In addition, signaling pathways related to glutathione and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and mitochondria dysfunction were significantly affected by the loss of c-Met function. Mechanistically, exacerbation of oxidative stress in MetKO livers was corroborated by increased lipid and protein oxidation. Western blot analysis further revealed suppression of Erk, NF-kB and Nrf2 survival pathways and downstream target genes (e.g. cyclin D1, SOD1, gamma-GCS), as well as up-regulation of proapoptotic signaling (e.g. p53, caspase 3). Consistent with the observed steatotic and cholestatic phenotype, nuclear receptors RAR, RXR showed increased activation while expression levels of CAR, FXR and PPAR-alpha were decreased in MetKO. Collectively, our data provide evidence for the critical involvement of c-Met signaling in cholesterol and bile acids toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Gomez-Quiroz
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yun-Han Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mitsuteru Kitade
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timo Gaiser
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Matthew Gillen
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seung-Bum Lee
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Conner
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Snorri S Thorgeirsson
- Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jens U Marquardt
- 1st Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Metabolic Flux Distribution during Defatting of Steatotic Human Hepatoma (HepG2) Cells. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6010001. [PMID: 26742084 PMCID: PMC4812330 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods that rapidly decrease fat in steatotic hepatocytes may be helpful to recover severely fatty livers for transplantation. Defatting kinetics are highly dependent upon the extracellular medium composition; however, the pathways involved are poorly understood. Steatosis was induced in human hepatoma cells (HepG2) by exposure to high levels of free fatty acids, followed by defatting using plain medium containing no fatty acids, or medium supplemented with a cocktail of defatting agents previously described before. We measured the levels of 28 extracellular metabolites and intracellular triglyceride, and fed the data into a steady-state mass balance model to estimate strictly intracellular fluxes. We found that during defatting, triglyceride content decreased, while beta-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the urea cycle increased. These fluxes were augmented by defatting agents, and even more so by hyperoxic conditions. In all defatting conditions, the rate of extracellular glucose uptake/release was very small compared to the internal supply from glycogenolysis, and glycolysis remained highly active. Thus, in steatotic HepG2 cells, glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation may co-exist. Together, these pathways generate reducing equivalents that are supplied to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
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Li J, Chanda D, Shiri-Sverdlov R, Neumann D. MSP: an emerging player in metabolic syndrome. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:75-82. [PMID: 25466635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MSP (Macrophage Stimulating Protein; also known as Hepatocyte Growth Factor-like protein (HGFL) and MST1) is a secreted protein and the ligand for transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase Recepteur d'Origine Nantais (RON; also known as MST1R). Since its discovery, MSP has been demonstrated to play a key role in regulating inflammation in the peripheral tissues of multiple disease models. Recent evidences also point toward a beneficial role of MSP in the regulation of hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, thereby implicating MSP as a crucial regulator in maintaining metabolic homeostasis while simultaneously suppressing inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances that demonstrate the significance of MSP in metabolic syndrome and build a strong case supporting its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dipanjan Chanda
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kusunoki H, Taniyama Y, Otsu R, Rakugi H, Morishita R. Anti-inflammatory effects of hepatocyte growth factor on the vicious cycle of macrophages and adipocytes. Hypertens Res 2014; 37:500-6. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Almon RR, Dubois DC, Sukumaran S, Wang X, Xue B, Nie J, Jusko WJ. Effects of high fat feeding on liver gene expression in diabetic goto-kakizaki rats. GENE REGULATION AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2012; 6:151-68. [PMID: 23236253 PMCID: PMC3516129 DOI: 10.4137/grsb.s10371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Effects of high fat diet (HFD) on obesity and, subsequently, on diabetes are highly variable and modulated by genetics in both humans and rodents. In this report, we characterized the response of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous polygenic model for lean diabetes and healthy Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls, to high fat feeding from weaning to 20 weeks of age. Animals fed either normal diet or HFD were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age and a wide array of physiological measurements were made along with gene expression profiling using Affymetrix gene array chips. Mining of the microarray data identified differentially regulated genes (involved in inflammation, metabolism, transcription regulation, and signaling) in diabetic animals, as well as the response of both strains to HFD. Functional annotation suggested that HFD increased inflammatory differences between the two strains. Chronic inflammation driven by heightened innate immune response was identified to be present in GK animals regardless of diet. In addition, compensatory mechanisms by which WKY animals on HFD resisted the development of diabetes were identified, thus illustrating the complexity of diabetes disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Almon
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA. ; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences
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19
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A hepatocyte growth factor receptor (Met)-insulin receptor hybrid governs hepatic glucose metabolism. Nat Med 2011; 17:1577-84. [PMID: 22081023 PMCID: PMC3233634 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Met is the transmembrane tyrosine kinase cell surface receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and is structurally related to the insulin receptor (INSR) tyrosine kinase. Here we report that the HGF-Met axis regulates metabolism by stimulating hepatic glucose uptake and suppressing hepatic glucose output. We show that Met is essential for an optimal hepatic insulin response by directly engaging INSR to form a Met-INSR hybrid complex, which culminates in a robust signal output. We also found that the HGF-Met system restores insulin responsiveness in a mouse model of insulin refractoriness. These results provide new insights into the molecular basis of hepatic insulin resistance and suggest that HGF may have therapeutic potential for type 2 diabetes in the clinical setting.
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20
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Tojima H, Kakizaki S, Kosone T, Horiguchi N, Yamazaki Y, Sato K, Takagi H, Mori M. Hepatocyte growth factor overexpression ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Int 2011; 6:620-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12072-011-9301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Shertzer HG, Woods SE, Krishan M, Genter MB, Pearson KJ. Dietary whey protein lowers the risk for metabolic disease in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr 2011; 141:582-7. [PMID: 21310864 PMCID: PMC3056576 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.133736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Consuming a high-fat (HF) diet produces excessive weight gain, adiposity, and metabolic complications associated with risk for developing type 2 diabetes and fatty liver disease. This study evaluated the influence of whey protein isolate (WPI) on systemic energy balance and metabolic changes in mice fed a HF diet. Female C57BL/6J mice received for 11 wk a HF diet, with or without 100 g WPI/L drinking water. Energy consumption and glucose and lipid metabolism were examined. WPI mice had lower rates of body weight gain and percent body fat and greater lean body mass, although energy consumption was unchanged. These results were consistent with WPI mice having higher basal metabolic rates, respiratory quotients, and hepatic mitochondrial respiration. Health implications for WPI were reflected in early biomarkers for fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Livers from WPI mice had significantly fewer hepatic lipid droplet numbers and less deposition of nonpolar lipids. Furthermore, WPI improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We conclude that in mice receiving a HF diet, consumption of WPI results in higher basal metabolic rates and altered metabolism of dietary lipids. Because WPI mice had less hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance, WPI dietary supplements may be effective in slowing the development of fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard G. Shertzer
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Sally E. Woods
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056
| | - Mansi Krishan
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056
| | - Mary Beth Genter
- Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056
| | - Kevin J. Pearson
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0200
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22
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Sparks JD, Cianci J, Jokinen J, Chen LS, Sparks CE. Interleukin-6 mediates hepatic hypersecretion of apolipoprotein B. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 299:G980-9. [PMID: 20651008 PMCID: PMC2957334 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with insulin resistance (IR), increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines, and hypertriglyceridemia, the latter being caused by overproduction of hepatic very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). One cytokine strongly linked with development of hepatic IR is interleukin-6 (IL-6). Our objective was to evaluate IL-6 effects on hepatic apolipoprotein B (apoB) and VLDL secretion and to examine possible linkages between cytokine signaling and insulin-suppressive effects on lipoprotein secretion. Of the cytokines examined, only IL-6 stimulated secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins in a dose-dependent manner. Both B100 and B48 secretion were significantly increased in VLDL and in lipoproteins with a density >1.019 g/ml. The ability of insulin to suppress hepatic apoB secretion was maintained in hepatocytes treated with IL-6. Pulse-chase studies indicated that enhanced apoB synthesis was the primary mechanism for increased lipoprotein secretion, which corresponded with higher abundance of apoB mRNA. Because IL-6 did not alter the decay rate of apoB mRNA transcripts, results support that increased apoB mRNA levels are the result of enhanced apob gene transcription. Increased apoB-lipoprotein secretion was also detected with oncostatin M (OSM), supporting involvement of the signal-transducing protein, gp130. Increased suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 3 expression negated IL-6 and OSM effects and significantly reduced cellular apoB mRNA abundance. We conclude that IL-6 favors secretion of apoB-containing lipoproteins by increasing availability of apoB through changes in apob gene transcription. These changes may contribute to hypersecretion of VLDL associated with obesity, particularly under conditions where SOCS3 is not overexpressed to an extent capable of overcoming IL-6-stimulated apob gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet D. Sparks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Joanne Cianci
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Jenny Jokinen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Li Sheng Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
| | - Charles E. Sparks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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23
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Wang Z, Yao T, Pini M, Zhou Z, Fantuzzi G, Song Z. Betaine improved adipose tissue function in mice fed a high-fat diet: a mechanism for hepatoprotective effect of betaine in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G634-42. [PMID: 20203061 PMCID: PMC2867421 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00249.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction, featured by insulin resistance and/or dysregulated adipokine production, plays a central role not only in disease initiation but also in the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Promising beneficial effects of betaine supplementation on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been reported in both clinical investigations and experimental studies; however, data related to betaine therapy in NAFLD are still limited. In this study, we examined the effects of betaine supplementation on hepatic fat accumulation and injury in mice fed a high-fat diet and evaluated mechanisms underlying its hepatoprotective effects. Male C57BL/6 mice weighing 25 +/- 0.5 (SE) g were divided into four groups (8 mice/group) and started on one of four treatments: control diet, control diet supplemented with betaine, high-fat diet, and high-fat diet supplemented with betaine. Betaine was supplemented in the drinking water at a concentration of 1% (wt/vol) (anhydrous). Our results showed that long-term high-fat feeding caused NAFLD in mice, which was manifested by excessive neutral fat accumulation in the liver and elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase levels. Betaine supplementation alleviated hepatic pathological changes, which were concomitant with attenuated insulin resistance as shown by improved homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance values and glucose tolerance test, and corrected abnormal adipokine (adiponectin, resistin, and leptin) productions. Specifically, betaine supplementation enhanced insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue as shown by improved extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 and protein kinase B activations. In adipocytes freshly isolated from mice fed a high-fat diet, pretreatment of betaine enhanced the insulin signaling pathway and improved adipokine productions. Further investigation using whole liver tissues revealed that betaine supplementation alleviated the high-fat diet-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress response in adipose tissue as shown by attenuated glucose-regulated protein 78/C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) protein abundance and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation. Our findings suggest that betaine might serve as a safe and efficacious therapeutic tool for NAFLD by improving adipose tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Wang
- 1Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; ,2College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, Peoples Republic of China; and
| | - Tong Yao
- 1Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Maria Pini
- 1Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- 3Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Giamila Fantuzzi
- 1Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- 1Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
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24
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Zhang WY, Zhang JQ, Li XG, Cheng J, Li GL, Wang Q, Zhang CY, Wang XC, Chai YY. Screening of genes differentially expressed in HepG2 cells transfected with human hepatocyte growth factor. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2008; 16:2458-2463. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v16.i22.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To construct the eukaryotic expression vector of pcDNA3.1(-)-hHGF, and to screen the differentially expressed genes in HepG2 cells transfected with the vector.
METHODS: We constructed the expression vector of pcDNA3.1(-)-hHGF, which was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing, and then transfected it into HepG2 cell line. The expression of HGF protein was observed by Western blotting. At last, we compared the differentially expressed genes between HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-hHGF and pcDNA3.1(-) respectively by cDNA microarray technique.
RESULTS: The expression vector was constructed successfully and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing analysis. The expression of hHGF protein was confirmed by Western blotting. High quality mRNA and cDNA had been prepared and successful microarray screening had been conducted. From the scanning results, we found 430 genes that were up-regulated and 88 genes down-regulated in HepG2 cells transfected with hHGF.
CONCLUSION: cDNA microarray technology is successfully used to screen the genes differentially expressed in HepG2 cells transfected with hHGF, which brings some new clues for studying the regulatory mechanism of hHGF in liver cells.
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25
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Lipid metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19:314-21. [PMID: 18460925 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e328303e27e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Begriche K, Lettéron P, Abbey-Toby A, Vadrot N, Robin MA, Bado A, Pessayre D, Fromenty B. Partial leptin deficiency favors diet-induced obesity and related metabolic disorders in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2008; 294:E939-51. [PMID: 18349116 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00379.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Partial leptin deficiency is not uncommon in the general population. We hypothesized that leptin insufficiency could favor obesity, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and other metabolic abnormalities, particularly under high calorie intake. Thus, mice partially deficient in leptin (ob/+) and their wild-type (+/+) littermates were fed for 4 mo with a standard-calorie (SC) or a high-calorie (HC) diet. Some ob/+ mice fed the HC diet were also treated weekly with leptin. Our results showed that, when fed the SC diet, ob/+ mice did not present significant metabolic abnormalities except for elevated levels of plasma adiponectin. Under high-fat feeding, increased body fat mass, hepatic steatosis, higher plasma total cholesterol, and glucose intolerance were observed in +/+ mice, and these abnormalities were further enhanced in ob/+ mice. Furthermore, some metabolic disturbances, such as blunted plasma levels of leptin and adiponectin, reduced UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue, increased plasma liver enzymes, beta-hydroxybutyrate and triglycerides, and slight insulin resistance, were observed only in ob/+ mice fed the HC diet. Whereas de novo fatty acid synthesis in liver was decreased in +/+ mice fed the HC diet, it was disinhibited in ob/+ mice along with the restoration of the expression of several lipogenic genes. Enhanced expression of several genes involved in fatty acid oxidation was also observed only in ob/+ animals. Leptin supplementation alleviated most of the metabolic abnormalities observed in ob/+ fed the HC diet. Hence, leptin insufficiency could increase the risk of obesity, NASH, glucose intolerance, and hyperlipidemia in a context of calorie overconsumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Begriche
- Insitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U773, Centre de Recherche Biomédicale Bichat Beaujon CRB3, Université Paris 7 Denis Diderot, site Bichat, F-75018, Paris, France
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Srivastava S, Chan C. Application of metabolic flux analysis to identify the mechanisms of free fatty acid toxicity to human hepatoma cell line. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 99:399-410. [PMID: 17615559 PMCID: PMC4059351 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) has been shown to cause cell death (lipotoxicity), but the underlying mechanisms of lipotoxicity in hepatocytes remain unclear. We have previously shown that the saturated FFAs cause much greater toxicity to human hepatoma cells (HepG2) than the unsaturated ones (Srivastava and Chan, 2007). In this study, metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was applied to identify the metabolic changes associated with the cytotoxicity of saturated FFA. Measurements of the fluxes revealed that the saturated FFA, palmitate, was oxidized to a greater extent than the non-toxic oleate and had comparatively less triglyceride synthesis and reduced cystine uptake. Although fatty acid oxidation had a high positive correlation to the cytotoxicity, inhibitor experiments indicated that the cytotoxicity was not due to the higher fatty acid oxidation. Application of MFA revealed that cells exposed to palmitate also had a consistently reduced flux of glutathione (GSH) synthesis but greater de novo ceramide synthesis. These predictions were experimentally confirmed. In silico sensitivity analyses identified that the GSH synthesis was limited by the uptake of cysteine. Western blot analyses revealed that the levels of the cystine transporter xCT, but not that of the GSH-synthesis enzyme glutamyl-cysteine synthase (GCS), were reduced in the palmitate cultures, suggesting the limitation of cysteine import as the cause of the reduced GSH synthesis. Finally, supplementing with N-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC), a cysteine-provider whose uptake does not depend on xCT levels, reduced the FFA-toxicity significantly. Thus, the metabolic alterations that contributed to the toxicity and suggested treatments to reduce the toxicity were identified, which were experimentally validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireesh Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; telephone: 517-432-4530; fax: 517-432-1105
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; telephone: 517-432-4530; fax: 517-432-1105
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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