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Lessard-Lord J, Roussel C, Lupien-Meilleur J, Généreux P, Richard V, Guay V, Roy D, Desjardins Y. Short term supplementation with cranberry extract modulates gut microbiota in human and displays a bifidogenic effect. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:18. [PMID: 38448452 PMCID: PMC10918075 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00493-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cranberry is associated with multiple health benefits, which are mostly attributed to its high content of (poly)phenols, particularly flavan-3-ols. However, clinical trials attempting to demonstrate these positive effects have yielded heterogeneous results, partly due to the high inter-individual variability associated with gut microbiota interaction with these molecules. In fact, several studies have demonstrated the ability of these molecules to modulate the gut microbiota in animal and in vitro models, but there is a scarcity of information in human subjects. In addition, it has been recently reported that cranberry also contains high concentrations of oligosaccharides, which could contribute to its bioactivity. Hence, the aim of this study was to fully characterize the (poly)phenolic and oligosaccharidic contents of a commercially available cranberry extract and evaluate its capacity to positively modulate the gut microbiota of 28 human subjects. After only four days, the (poly)phenols and oligosaccharides-rich cranberry extract, induced a strong bifidogenic effect, along with an increase in the abundance of several butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Clostridium and Anaerobutyricum. Plasmatic and fecal short-chain fatty acids profiles were also altered by the cranberry extract with a decrease in acetate ratio and an increase in butyrate ratio. Finally, to characterize the inter-individual variability, we stratified the participants according to the alterations observed in the fecal microbiota following supplementation. Interestingly, individuals having a microbiota characterized by the presence of Prevotella benefited from an increase in Faecalibacterium with the cranberry extract supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Charlène Roussel
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Joseph Lupien-Meilleur
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pamela Généreux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Véronique Richard
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Guay
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Nutrition, Health and Society Centre (NUTRISS), INAF, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.
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2
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Pandey H, Jain D, Tang DWT, Wong SH, Lal D. Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2024; 22:15-43. [PMID: 37935653 PMCID: PMC10850697 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2023.00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daryl W. T. Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Sunny H. Wong
- Centre for Microbiome Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Devi Lal
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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3
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Sánchez MC, Herráiz A, Tigre S, Llama-Palacios A, Hernández M, Ciudad MJ, Collado L. Evidence of the Beneficial Impact of Three Probiotic-Based Food Supplements on the Composition and Metabolic Activity of the Intestinal Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: An Ex Vivo Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:5077. [PMID: 38140334 PMCID: PMC10745619 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence has increasingly supported the beneficial effects of probiotic-based food supplements on human intestinal health. This ex vivo study investigated the effects on the composition and metabolic activity of the intestinal microbiota of three probiotic-based food supplements, containing, respectively, (1) Bifidobacterium longum ES1, (2) Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM®, and (3) a combination of L. acidophilus NCFM®, Lactobacillus paracasei Lpc-37™, Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07™, and Bifidobacterium lactis Bl-04™. This study employed fecal samples from six healthy donors, inoculated in a Colon-on-a-plate® system. After 48 h of exposure or non-exposure to the food supplements, the effects were measured on the overall microbial fermentation (pH), changes in microbial metabolic activity through the production of short-chain and branched-chain fatty acids (SCFAs and BCFAs), ammonium, lactate, and microbial composition. The strongest effect on the fermentation process was observed for the combined formulation probiotics, characterized by the significant stimulation of butyrate production, a significant reduction in BCFAs and ammonium in all donors, and a significant stimulatory effect on bifidobacteria and lactobacilli growth. Our findings suggest that the combined formulation probiotics significantly impact the intestinal microbiome of the healthy individuals, showing changes in metabolic activity and microbial abundance as the health benefit endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carmen Sánchez
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.H.); (S.T.); (A.L.-P.); (L.C.)
- GINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health), Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Herráiz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.H.); (S.T.); (A.L.-P.); (L.C.)
| | - Sindy Tigre
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.H.); (S.T.); (A.L.-P.); (L.C.)
| | - Arancha Llama-Palacios
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.H.); (S.T.); (A.L.-P.); (L.C.)
- GINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health), Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María José Ciudad
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.H.); (S.T.); (A.L.-P.); (L.C.)
- GINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health), Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Collado
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.S.); (A.H.); (S.T.); (A.L.-P.); (L.C.)
- GINTRAMIS Research Group (Translational Research Group on Microbiota and Health), Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Nagy DU, Sándor-Bajusz KA, Bódy B, Decsi T, Van Harsselaar J, Theis S, Lohner S. Effect of chicory-derived inulin-type fructans on abundance of Bifidobacterium and on bowel function: a systematic review with meta-analyses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12018-12035. [PMID: 35833477 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2098246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Inulin-type fructans are considered to stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms, like Bifidobacterium in the gut and support health. However, both the fructan source and chemical structure may modify these effects. A systematic review was conducted to assess the effects of chicory-derived inulin-type fructans consumed either in specific foods or as dietary supplements on abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut and on health-related outcomes. Three electronic databases and two clinical trial registries were systematically searched until January 2021. Two authors independently selected randomized controlled trials that investigated with a protocol of minimum seven days supplementation the effect of chicory-derived inulin-type fructans on Bifidobacterium abundance in any population. Meta-analyses with random-effects model were conducted on Bifidobacterium abundance and bowel function parameters. We evaluated risk of bias using Cochrane RoB tool. Chicory-derived inulin-type fructans at a dose of 3-20 g/day significantly increased Bifidobacterium abundance in participants with an age range from 0 to 83 years (standardized mean difference: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.58-1.08; p < 0.01; 50 studies; 2525 participants). Significant bifidogenic effects were observed in healthy individuals and in populations with health impairments, except gastrointestinal disorders. Significant beneficial effects on bowel function parameters were observed in healthy subjects. Chicory-derived inulin-type fructans may have significant bifidogenic effects and may beneficially influence bowel function in healthy individuals. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020162892.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid U Nagy
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Geobotany/Plant Ecology, Martin-Luther-University, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kinga Amália Sándor-Bajusz
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Blanka Bódy
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Decsi
- Department of Paediatrics, Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Stephan Theis
- BENEO-Institute, c/o BENEO GmbH, Obrigheim, (Germany)
| | - Szimonetta Lohner
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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5
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Li S, Xu K, Cheng Y, Chen L, Yi A, Xiao Z, Zhao X, Chen M, Tian Y, Meng W, Tang Z, Zhou S, Ruan G, Wei Y. The role of complex interactions between the intestinal flora and host in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188455. [PMID: 37389342 PMCID: PMC10303177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is inefficient and difficult to discontinue appropriately, and enterobacterial interactions are expected to provide a new target for the treatment of IBD. We collected recent studies on the enterobacterial interactions among the host, enterobacteria, and their metabolite products and discuss potential therapeutic options. Intestinal flora interactions in IBD are affected in the reduced bacterial diversity, impact the immune system and are influenced by multiple factors such as host genetics and diet. Enterobacterial metabolites such as SCFAs, bile acids, and tryptophan also play important roles in enterobacterial interactions, especially in the progression of IBD. Therapeutically, a wide range of sources of probiotics and prebiotics exhibit potential therapeutic benefit in IBD through enterobacterial interactions, and some have gained wide recognition as adjuvant drugs. Different dietary patterns and foods, especially functional foods, are novel therapeutic modalities that distinguish pro-and prebiotics from traditional medications. Combined studies with food science may significantly improve the therapeutic experience of patients with IBD. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the role of enterobacteria and their metabolites in enterobacterial interactions, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the potential therapeutic options derived from such metabolites, and postulate directions for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Basic Medicine College of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Basic Medicine College of Army Medical University, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ailin Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Minjia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zongyuan Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcong Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Digestive Malignancies, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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6
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Gowen R, Gamal A, Di Martino L, McCormick TS, Ghannoum MA. Modulating the Microbiome for Crohn's Disease Treatment. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:828-840. [PMID: 36702360 PMCID: PMC10152883 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The central role of the gut microbiota in the regulation of health and disease has been convincingly demonstrated. Polymicrobial interkingdom interactions between bacterial (the bacteriome) and fungal (the mycobiome) communities of the gut have become a prominent focus for development of potential therapeutic approaches. In addition to polymicrobial interactions, the complex gut ecosystem also mediates interactions between the host and the microbiota. These interactions are complex and bidirectional; microbiota composition can be influenced by host immune response, disease-specific therapeutics, antimicrobial drugs, and overall ecosystems. However, the gut microbiota also influences host immune response to a drug or therapy by potentially transforming the drug's structure and altering bioavailability, activity, or toxicity. This is especially true in cases where the gut microbiota has produced a biofilm. The negative ramifications of biofilm formation include alteration of gut permeability, enhanced antimicrobial resistance, and alteration of host immune response effectiveness. Natural modulation of the gut microbiota, using probiotic and prebiotic approaches, may also be used to affect the host microbiome, a type of "natural" modulation of the host microbiota composition. In this review, we discuss potential bidirectional interactions between microbes and host, and we describe the changes in gut microbiota induced by probiotic and prebiotic approaches as well as their potential clinical consequences, including biofilm formation. We outline a systematic approach to designing probiotics capable of altering the host microbiota in disease states, using Crohn's disease as a model chronic disease. Understanding how the effective changes in the microbiome may enhance treatment efficacy may unlock the possibility of modulating the gut microbiome to improve treatment using a natural approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Gowen
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Luca Di Martino
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Case Digestive Health Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio
| | - Thomas S McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mahmoud A Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
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Shahverdi S, Barzegari AA, Vaseghi Bakhshayesh R, Nami Y. In-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of potential probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14641. [PMID: 37035350 PMCID: PMC10073747 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies documented that Lactobacillus paracasei has obvious in vitro cholesterol-lowering abilities. In this study, initially, L. paracasei was tested in terms of antibacterial properties as well as antibiogram profile. Then, the safety of the mentioned strain was evaluated in rats. Evaluation of antibiotic susceptibility revealed that the L. paracasei strain had high antibiotic resistance to several antibiotics as well as a great ability to autoaggregation. After identification of the probiotic aptitude, six groups of six rats from both sexes were used (three groups of each sex). L. paracasei was administered to the experimental groups via drinking water for 28 days (1 × 108 and 1 × 109, respectively). The negative control group received only tap water during this period. Hematological indicators, serum liver enzyme activity including (alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate transaminase (AST)) as well as serum creatinine and urea were evaluated at the end of 28 days. The blood and serum factors were not changed significantly during the 28 days. The only noticeable difference was the increase of blood urea in both sexes which was in a normal range. Furthermore, the evaluation of antagonistic properties revealed that L. paracasei had antibacterial aptitude against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, this strain has good cholesterol-lowering and antibacterial properties and is a safe supplement in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Shahverdi
- Department of Biology, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Barzegari
- Department of Biology, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, East Azerbaijan, Iran
- Corresponding author.
| | - Reza Vaseghi Bakhshayesh
- Department of Food Bioprocess Engineering, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Nami
- Department of Food Bioprocess Engineering, Branch for Northwest & West Region, Agricultural Biotechnology Research, Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tabriz, Iran
- Corresponding author.
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Hiroux C, Schouten M, de Glisezinski I, Simon C, Crampes F, Hespel P, Koppo K. Effect of increased protein intake and exogenous ketosis on body composition, energy expenditure and exercise capacity during a hypocaloric diet in recreational female athletes. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1063956. [PMID: 36714318 PMCID: PMC9880233 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1063956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Since low body weight is an important determinant of success in many sports such as gymnastics, martial arts and figure skating, athletes can benefit from effective weight loss strategies that preserve muscle mass and athletic performance. The present study investigates the effects of increased protein intake and exogenous ketosis on body composition, energy expenditure, exercise capacity, and perceptions of appetite and well-being during a hypocaloric diet in females. Methods: Thirty-two female recreational athletes (age: 22.2 ± .5 years; body weight: 58.3 ± .8 kg; BMI: 20.8 ± .2 kg·m-2) underwent 4 weeks of 30% caloric restriction and were randomized to receive either an increased daily amount of dietary protein (PROT, ∼2.0-2.2 g protein·kg-1·day-1), 3 × 20 g·day-1 of a ketone ester (KE), or an isocaloric placebo (PLA). Body composition was measured by DXA, resting energy expenditure (REE) by indirect calorimetry, exercise capacity during a VO2max test, appetite hormones were measured in serum, and perceptions of general well-being were evaluated via questionnaires. Results: The hypocaloric diet reduced body weight by 3.8 ± .3 kg in PLA, 3.2 ± .3 kg in KE and 2.4 ± .2 kg in PROT (Ptime<.0001). The drop in fat mass was similar between treatments (average: 2.6 ± .1 kg, Ptime<.0001), while muscle mass was only reduced in PLA and KE (average: .8 ± .2 kg, Ptime<.05), and remained preserved in PROT (Pinteraction<.01). REE [adjusted for lean mass] was reduced after caloric restriction in PLA (pre: 32.7 ± .5, post: 28.5 ± .6 kcal·day-1·kg-1) and PROT (pre: 32.9 ± 1.0, post: 28.4 ± 1.0 kcal·day-1·kg-1), but not in KE (pre: 31.8 ± .9, post: 30.4 ± .8 kcal·day-1·kg-1) (Pinteraction<.005). Furthermore, time to exhaustion during the VO2max test decreased in PLA (by 2.5 ± .7%, p < .05) but not in KE and PROT (Pinteraction<.05). Lastly, the perception of overall stress increased in PLA and PROT (p < .05), but not in KE (Pinteraction<.05). Conclusion: Increased protein intake effectively prevented muscle wasting and maintained exercise capacity during a period of caloric restriction in female recreational athletes. Furthermore, exogenous ketosis did not affect body composition, but showed its potential in weight management by preserving a drop in exercise capacity and REE and by improving overall stress parameters during a period of caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hiroux
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Moniek Schouten
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabelle de Glisezinski
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity research Laboratory, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France,Physiological Functional Exploration Department, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Chantal Simon
- Carmen INSERM U1060, Human Nutrition Research Centre of Rhône-Alpes, NRA U1235, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - François Crampes
- INSERM, UMR 1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Obesity research Laboratory, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Hespel
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Department of Movement Sciences, Exercise Physiology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,*Correspondence: Katrien Koppo,
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Dhameliya HA, Solanki JD, Patel DT, George LB, Thakkar VR, Subramanian RB. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PGB02 Improved Serum Cholesterol Profile by Tweaking Genes Involved in Cholesterol Homeostasis in Male Swiss Albino Mice. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:3180-3193. [PMID: 36574136 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PGB02 isolated from buttermilk on serum cholesterol profile of normal and hypercholesterolemic mice was evaluated. Further changes in the expression of mice genes were determined. The hypercholesterolemia was induced in experimental mice by feeding high cholesterol and fat diet. Serum cholesterol parameters, physical parameters, cholic acid excretion, and cholesterol metabolism related gene expression analysis was carried out. L. plantarum PGB02 efficiently reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol and improved HDL-cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic mice. Body weight was reduced and fecal cholic acid increased in probiotic treatment groups. Gene expression analysis revealed that L. plantarum PGB02 up-regulated the expression of LDL receptors, CYP7A1, ABCA1, ABCG5, ABCG8, and down-regulated the expression of FXR and NPC1L1 genes. Summarizing the mechanism, L. plantarum PGB02 improved hypercholesterolemia by increasing bile acid synthesis and excretion, reducing exogeneous cholesterol absorption from the intestine, and increased LDL clearance through upregulation of LDL-receptors. The present study has given insight into the mechanism of serum cholesterol reduction by bile salt hydrolase positive L. plantarum PGB02 in mice. L. plantarum PGB02 reduced the serum cholesterol level through increased bile acid synthesis and deconjugation and reduced absorption of cholesterol in the intestine. Isolate PGB02 shown cholesterol removal potential as good as statin.
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Xu W, Zou K, Zhan Y, Cai Y, Zhang Z, Tao X, Qiu L, Wei H. Enterococcus faecium GEFA01 alleviates hypercholesterolemia by promoting reverse cholesterol transportation via modulating the gut microbiota-SCFA axis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1020734. [PMID: 36424921 PMCID: PMC9678928 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1020734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify cholesterol-lowering commensal strains from healthy lean individuals and to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering capacity of Enterococcus faecium GEFA01 in mice fed a high-cholesterol and high-fat diet. E. faecium GEFA01 was isolated from the feces of a healthy lean individual in a selective basal salt medium supplemented with cholesterol. E. faecium GEFA01 exhibited a cholesterol removal rate (CRR) of 46.13% by coprecipitation, assimilation, and degradation of cholesterol. Moreover, E. faecium GEFA01 significantly decreased the body weight of mice and the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hepatic TC, triglycerides (TG), and LDL-C, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet compared with the HCD group. We also observed that E. faecium GEFA01 significantly downregulated the gene expression of HMG-CoA reductase (Hmgcr), Srebp-1c, Fxr, Shp, and Fgf 15, upregulated the gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr), Abcg5/8, Abca1, cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1), and Lxr in the liver of mice in relative to the HCD group, markedly increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Roseburia, and decreased the abundance of Helicobacter in the feces. Collectively, we confirmed that E. faecium GEFA01 exhibited cholesterol-lowering effects in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, which was achieved through assimilation, coprecipitation, and degradation of cholesterol, and through modulation of the gut microbiota short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) axis that promoted reverse cholesterol transport and bile acid excretion. Our study demonstrated that E. faecium GEFA01 may be used as a probiotic candidate to lower cholesterol levels in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kaixiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunjie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xueying Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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11
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Dhameliya HA, Thakkar VR, Subramanian RB. Bile salt deconjugation and in-vitro cholesterol-lowering ability of probiotic bacteria isolated from buttermilk. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2124266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Tian N, Li L, Ng JKC, Li PKT. The Potential Benefits and Controversies of Probiotics Use in Patients at Different Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:4044. [PMID: 36235699 PMCID: PMC9571670 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic modulation of the gut microbiome has been suggested to be one of the tools in the integrated management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in recent years. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera are the two most commonly used probiotics strains. Most of the probiotics used in studies are mixed formulation. There is no consensus on the dose and duration of the probiotic administration for CKD patients Increasing evidence indicates that patients with early stage (1-2) CKD have an altered quantitative and qualitative microbiota profile. However, there was a dearth of prospective controlled studies on the use of probiotics in the early stage of the CKD population. The association between gut microbiota disturbance and advanced CKD was reported. Most randomized controlled trials on probiotic treatment used in CKD stage 3-5ND patients reported positive results. The metabolites of abnormal gut microbiota are directly involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and inflammation. We summarized 13 studies performed in the dialysis population, including 10 in hemodialysis (HD) patients and 3 in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Some controversial results were concluded on the decreasing plasma concentration of uremic toxin, symptoms, inflammation, and cardiovascular risk. Only three randomized controlled trials on PD were reported to show the potential beneficial effects of probiotics on inflammation, uremic toxins and gastrointestinal symptoms. There is still no standard in the dosage and duration of the use of probiotics in CKD patients. Overall, the probiotic administration may have potential benefit in improving symptoms and quality of life, reducing inflammation, and delaying the progression of kidney failure. Further research studies using a larger sample size with longer follow-up durations and a greater focus on clinical outcomes-including survival-are warranted to elucidate the significant clinical impact of the use of probiotics in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jack Kit-Chung Ng
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing St., Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing St., Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philip Kam-Tao Li
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing St., Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing St., Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Madella AM, Van Bergenhenegouwen J, Garssen J, Masereeuw R, Overbeek SA. Microbial-Derived Tryptophan Catabolites, Kidney Disease and Gut Inflammation. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090645. [PMID: 36136583 PMCID: PMC9505404 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic metabolites, molecules either produced by the host or from the microbiota population existing in the gastrointestinal tract that gets excreted by the kidneys into urine, have significant effects on both health and disease. Tryptophan-derived catabolites are an important group of bacteria-produced metabolites with an extensive contribution to intestinal health and, eventually, chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The end-metabolite, indoxyl sulfate, is a key contributor to the exacerbation of CKD via the induction of an inflammatory state and oxidative stress affecting various organ systems. Contrastingly, other tryptophan catabolites positively contribute to maintaining intestinal homeostasis and preventing intestinal inflammation—activities signaled through nuclear receptors in particular—the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). This review discusses the origins of these catabolites, their effect on organ systems, and how these can be manipulated therapeutically in the future as a strategy to treat CKD progression and gut inflammation management. Furthermore, the use of biotics (prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics) as a means to increase the presence of beneficial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to achieve intestinal homeostasis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avra Melina Madella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); or (S.A.O.); Tel.: +31-30-209-5000 (S.A.O.)
| | - Jeroen Van Bergenhenegouwen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Adriana Overbeek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Uppsalalaan 12, Utrecht Science Park, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (A.M.M.); or (S.A.O.); Tel.: +31-30-209-5000 (S.A.O.)
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14
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Efficacy of Probiotics-Based Interventions as Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3546-3567. [PMID: 35844369 PMCID: PMC9280206 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. play an important role in human health as they embark beneficial effect on the human gastrointestinal microflora composition and immune system. Dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as a major contributor to chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Higher prevalence of IBD is often recorded in most of the developed Western countries, but recent data has shown an increase in previously regarded as lower risk regions, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Although the IBD etiology remains a subject of speculation, the disease is likely to have developed because of interaction between extrinsic environmental elements; the host’s immune system, and the gut microbial composition. Compared to conventional treatments, probiotics and probiotic-based interventions including the introduction of specific prebiotics, symbiotic and postbiotic products had been demonstrated as more promising therapeutic measures. The present review discusses the association between gut dysbiosis, the pathogenesis of IBD, and risk factors leading to gut dysbiosis. In addition, it discusses recent studies focused on the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiome as an effective therapy for IBD. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other viral infections on IBD are also discussed in this review. Clinical and animal-based studies have shown that probiotic-based therapies can restore the gastrointestinal microbiota balance and reduce gut inflammations. Therefore, this review also assesses the status quo of these microbial-based therapies for the treatment of IBD. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions on modulating altered gut microbiota is required to enhance the effectiveness of the IBD therapeutics.
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15
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Jiang H, Tan S, Ning K, Li H, Zhao W, Zhao A, Zhu H, Wang S, Wang P, Zhang Y. Effects of Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 on dyslipidaemia: A randomized controlled study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Fructooligosaccharide decreases the production of uremic toxin precursor through modulating gut microbes mediated tyrosine metabolism pathway. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Wang C, Yan D, Huang J, Li Y. Impacts of changes in intestinal flora on the metabolism of Sprague-Dawley rats. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10603-10611. [PMID: 34852718 PMCID: PMC8809924 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in intestinal flora affect the health and cause metabolic diseases of the host. The extent to which the impact of different changes in intestinal flora would have on the metabolism of an individual has not been reported. This study aims to investigate the effect of different changes in intestinal flora on the metabolism of Sprague-Dawley (SD) normal rats' individuals. Forty-eight SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (8 rats per group), which were treated with normal saline, probiotics, nonpathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, gentamicin, and magnesium sulfate, respectively. After 7 days, the ileum of each group of rats was collected and real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the composition of intestinal flora. And gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze plasma metabolic profile. The results revealed that the decrease in alanine content in the probiotics group was statistically significant, while the alanine content in the nonpathogenic Escherichia group increased significantly. Alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and serine decreased significantly in the Salmonella group. Proline and butyric acid decreased significantly in the gentamicin group. The principal component analysis showed significant differences in the Salmonella group compared with other test groups. Overall, the most significant metabolic changes were observed in SD rats in the Salmonella group, while a great similarity was observed in the probiotics, Escherichia group, and gentamicin groups compared with the normal group. Changes in intestinal flora had a certain impact on the metabolism in SD rats, especially on amino acid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangzhouZhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangzhouZhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangzhouZhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, HangzhouZhejiang Province, China
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18
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The role of dietary proteins and carbohydrates in gut microbiome composition and activity: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Itch (CKD-aI) in Children-A Narrative Review. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13070450. [PMID: 34209560 PMCID: PMC8309841 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition of widespread epidemiology and serious consequences affecting all organs of the organism and associated with significant mortality. The knowledge on CKD is rapidly evolving, especially concerning adults. Recently, more data is also appearing regarding CKD in children. Chronic itch (CI) is a common symptom appearing due to various underlying dermatological and systemic conditions. CI may also appear in association with CKD and is termed chronic kidney disease-associated itch (CKD-aI). CKD-aI is relatively well-described in the literature concerning adults, yet it also affects children. Unfortunately, the data on paediatric CKD-aI is particularly scarce. This narrative review aims to describe various aspects of CKD-aI with an emphasis on children, based on the available data in this population and the data extrapolated from adults. Its pathogenesis is described in details, focusing on the growing role of uraemic toxins (UTs), as well as immune dysfunction, altered opioid transmission, infectious agents, xerosis, neuropathy and dialysis-associated aspects. Moreover, epidemiological and clinical aspects are reviewed based on the few data on CKD-aI in children, whereas treatment recommendations are proposed as well, based on the literature on CKD-aI in adults and own experience in managing CI in children.
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20
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Tripathy S, Verma DK, Thakur M, Patel AR, Srivastav PP, Singh S, Chávez-González ML, Aguilar CN. Encapsulated Food Products as a Strategy to Strengthen Immunity Against COVID-19. Front Nutr 2021; 8:673174. [PMID: 34095193 PMCID: PMC8175800 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.673174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-a novel coronavirus was identified which was quickly distributed to more than 100 countries around the world. There are currently no approved treatments available but only a few preventive measures are available. Among them, maintaining strong immunity through the intake of functional foods is a sustainable solution to resist the virus attack. For this, bioactive compounds (BACs) are delivered safely inside the body through encapsulated food items. Encapsulated food products have benefits such as high stability and bioavailability, sustained release of functional compounds; inhibit the undesired interaction, and high antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Several BACs such as ω-3 fatty acid, curcumin, vitamins, essential oils, antimicrobials, and probiotic bacteria can be encapsulated which exhibit immunological activity through different mechanisms. These encapsulated compounds can be recommended for use by various researchers, scientists, and industrial peoples to develop functional foods that can improve immunity to withstand the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the future. Encapsulated BACs, upon incorporation into food, offer increased functionality and facilitate their potential use as an immunity booster. This review paper aims to target various encapsulated food products and their role in improving the immunity system. The bioactive components like antioxidants, minerals, vitamins, polyphenols, omega (ω)-3 fatty acids, lycopene, probiotics, etc. which boost the immunity and may be a potential measure to prevent COVID-19 outbreak were comprehensively discussed. This article also highlights the potential mechanisms; a BAC undergoes, to improve the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soubhagya Tripathy
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Verma
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Mamta Thakur
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Ami R. Patel
- Division of Dairy and Food Microbiology, Mansinhbhai Institute of Dairy and Food Technology, Mehsana, India
| | - Prem Prakash Srivastav
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Smita Singh
- Department of Life Sciences (Food Technology), Graphic Era (Deemed to Be) University, Dehradun, India
| | - Mónica L. Chávez-González
- Bioprocesses Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Cristobal N. Aguilar
- Bioprocesses Research Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Universidad Autonoma de Coahuila, Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo, Mexico
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21
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Yang CY, Chen TW, Lu WL, Liang SS, Huang HD, Tseng CP, Tarng DC. Synbiotics Alleviate the Gut Indole Load and Dysbiosis in Chronic Kidney Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010114. [PMID: 33435396 PMCID: PMC7826693 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has long been known to cause significant digestive tract pathology. Of note, indoxyl sulfate is a gut microbe-derived uremic toxin that accumulates in CKD patients. Nevertheless, the relationship between gut microbiota, fecal indole content, and blood indoxyl sulfate level remains unknown. In our study, we established an adenine-induced CKD rat model, which recapitulates human CKD-related gut dysbiosis. Synbiotic treatment in CKD rats showed a significant reduction in both the indole-producing bacterium Clostridium and fecal indole amount. Furthermore, gut microbiota diversity was reduced in CKD rats but was restored after synbiotic treatment. Intriguingly, in our end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients, the abundance of indole-producing bacteria, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Clostridium, is similar to that of healthy controls. Consistently, the fecal indole tends to be higher in the ESKD patients, but the difference did not achieve statistical significance. However, the blood level of indoxyl sulfate was significantly higher than that of healthy controls, implicating that under an equivalent indole production rate, the impaired renal excretion contributes to the accumulation of this notorious uremic toxin. On the other hand, we did identify two short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, were reduced in ESKD patients as compared to the healthy controls. This may contribute to gut dysbiosis. We also identified that three genera Fusobacterium, Shewanella, and Erwinia, in the ESKD patients but not in the healthy controls. Building up gut symbiosis to treat CKD is a novel concept, but once proved effective, it will provide an additional treatment strategy for CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (T.-W.C.); (W.-L.L.); (H.-D.H.)
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Lu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (T.-W.C.); (W.-L.L.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Shih-Shin Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Da Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (T.-W.C.); (W.-L.L.); (H.-D.H.)
| | - Ching-Ping Tseng
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan; (T.-W.C.); (W.-L.L.); (H.-D.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-P.T.); (D.-C.T.)
| | - Der-Cherng Tarng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Department and Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-P.T.); (D.-C.T.)
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22
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Bassiony SS, Al-Sagheer AA, El-Kholy MS, Elwakeel EA, Helal AA, Alagawany M. Evaluation of Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 11181 and Clostridium butyricum probiotic supplements in post-weaning rabbits reared under thermal stress conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1941334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samar S. Bassiony
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Adham A. Al-Sagheer
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. El-Kholy
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Elwakeel
- Department of Animal and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amera A. Helal
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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23
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Peralta-García I, González-Muñoz F, Elena RAM, Sánchez-Flores A, López Munguía A. Evolution of Fructans in Aguamiel (Agave Sap) During the Plant Production Lifetime. Front Nutr 2020; 7:566950. [PMID: 33163505 PMCID: PMC7581979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.566950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aguamiel is the sap collected from agave, while pulque is the result of the natural fermentation of aguamiel. Despite its ancestral origin and numerous publications on pulque production, little is known about the evolution and concentration of sugars and fructo-oligosaccharides in aguamiel, either during its daily accumulation or through the agave production lifetime. In this study, we examined aguamiel composition in three agave plants during their productive lifetime (4 to 9 months). After each collection, the agave pine is scraped to induce aguamiel to flow into an internally created cavity (cajete), producing a residual bagasse (metzal). We found that the concentration of agave fructans and sucrose, as well as the fructan profile, change during the aguamiel production process. During the daily collection, a small amount of agave fructans released from the pine by scraping is drawn into the cajete with the first milliliters of sap where it is then diluted with the inflow of aguamiel. The main component of aguamiel is the sucrose produced in high concentration in the leaves through photosynthesis and then hydrolyzed in the cajete as aguamiel accumulates. We also describe how the fructan profile changes during the accumulation of aguamiel in the cajete. In addition to the varying amount of sucrose that is hydrolyzed in the aguamiel accumulated, we found that fructo-oligosaccharides are either diluted, consumed, or hydrolyzed, depending on the plant and its production stage, thus yielding different fructan profiles. New fructo-oligosaccharides are, in some cases, synthesized by bacteria present in aguamiel. These profiles were also observed in aguamiel collected from ten different plants in the same production region. We also found that a considerable amount of agave fructans is lost in metzal (bagasse), the agave material that is scraped and thrown away twice a day during the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth Peralta-García
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Fernando González-Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Rodríguez-Alegría María Elena
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Flores
- Unidad de Secuenciación Masiva y Bioinformática, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Agustín López Munguía
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, Mexico
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In older women, a high-protein diet including animal-sourced foods did not impact serum levels and urinary excretion of trimethylamine-N-oxide. Nutr Res 2020; 78:72-81. [PMID: 32544852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diets including red meat and other animal-sourced foods may increase proteolytic fermentation and microbial-generated trimethylamine (TMA) and, subsequently, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and dementia. It was hypothesized that compared to usual dietary intake, a maintenance-energy high-protein diet (HPD) would increase products of proteolytic fermentation, whereas adjunctive prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic supplementation may mitigate these effects. An exploratory aim was to determine the association of the relative abundance of the TMA-generating taxon, Emergencia timonensis, with serum and urinary TMAO. At 5 time points (usual dietary intake, HPD diet, HPD + prebiotic, HPD + probiotic, and HPD + synbiotic), urinary (24-hour) and serum metabolites and fecal microbiota profile of healthy older women (n = 20) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analyses, respectively. The HPD induced increases in serum levels of l-carnitine, indoxyl sulfate, and phenylacetylglutamine but not TMAO or p-cresyl sulfate. Urinary excretion of l-carnitine, indoxyl sulfate, phenylacetylglutamine, and TMA increased with the HPD but not TMAO or p-cresyl sulfate. Most participants had undetectable levels of E.timonensis at baseline and only 50% during the HPD interventions, suggesting other taxa are responsible for the microbial generation of TMA in these individuals. An HPD diet with or without a prebiotic, probiotic, or synbiotic elicited an increase in products of proteolytic fermentation. The urinary l-carnitine response suggests that the additional dietary l-carnitine provided was primarily bioavailable, providing little substrate for microbial conversion to TMA and subsequent TMAO formation.
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Hadi A, Ghaedi E, Khalesi S, Pourmasoumi M, Arab A. Effects of synbiotic consumption on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2857-2874. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Glorieux G, Gryp T, Perna A. Gut-Derived Metabolites and Their Role in Immune Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040245. [PMID: 32290429 PMCID: PMC7232434 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several of the uremic toxins, which are difficult to remove by dialysis, originate from the gut bacterial metabolism. This opens opportunities for novel targets trying to decrease circulating levels of these toxins and their pathophysiological effects. The current review focuses on immunomodulatory effects of these toxins both at their side of origin and in the circulation. In the gut end products of the bacterial metabolism such as p-cresol, trimethylamine and H2S affect the intestinal barrier structure and function while in the circulation the related uremic toxins stimulate cells of the immune system. Both conditions contribute to the pro-inflammatory status of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Generation and/or absorption of these toxin precursors could be targeted to decrease plasma levels of their respective uremic toxins and to reduce micro-inflammation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griet Glorieux
- Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-9-3324511
| | - Tessa Gryp
- Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital and Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Alessandra Perna
- First Division of Nephrology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Gryp T, Huys GR, Joossens M, Van Biesen W, Glorieux G, Vaneechoutte M. Isolation and Quantification of Uremic Toxin Precursor-Generating Gut Bacteria in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1986. [PMID: 32183306 PMCID: PMC7139965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), impaired kidney function results in accumulation of uremic toxins, which exert deleterious biological effects and contribute to inflammation and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs), such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid, originate from phenolic and indolic compounds, which are end products of gut bacterial metabolization of aromatic amino acids (AAA). This study investigates gut microbial composition at different CKD stages by isolating, identifying and quantifying PBUT precursor-generating bacteria. Fecal DNA extracts from 14 controls and 138 CKD patients were used to quantify total bacterial number and 11 bacterial taxa with qPCR. Moreover, isolated bacteria from CKD 1 and CKD 5 fecal samples were cultured in broth medium supplemented with AAA under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and classified as PBUT precursor-generators based on their generation capacity of phenolic and indolic compounds, measured with U(H)PLC. In total, 148 different fecal bacterial species were isolated, of which 92 were PBUT precursor-generators. These bacterial species can be a potential target for reducing PBUT plasma levels in CKD. qPCR indicated lower abundance of short chain fatty acid-generating bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp. and Streptococcus spp., and higher Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli with impaired kidney function, confirming an altered gut microbial composition in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gryp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.V.B.); (G.G.)
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Molecular Microbiology—Microbiome Research Lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium (M.J.)
| | - Geert R.B. Huys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Molecular Microbiology—Microbiome Research Lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium (M.J.)
| | - Marie Joossens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Molecular Microbiology—Microbiome Research Lab, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium (M.J.)
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.V.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (W.V.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
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Shekh SL, Boricha AA, Chavda JG, Vyas BRM. Probiotic potential of lyophilized Lactobacillus plantarum GP. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Freeze drying of Lactobacillus plantarum GP in the presence of wall materials to achieve improved survival and retention of probiotic functionality during storage.
Methods
L. plantarum cells were lyophilized in the presence of inulin, fructooligosaccharides, lactulose, and/or skim milk. The lyophilized vials were stored at 8–10 °C up to 6 months and cells from these vials were evaluated for their probiotic functionality.
Results
L. plantarum GP freeze dried in the presence of wall material lactulose displayed viability of 98 ± 2.8% promising survival rate in the stress conditions of human digestive tract. The freeze dried cells of Lactobacilli retained the ability to adhere intestinal mucin layer, form biofilm, inhibit food spoilage and enteropathogens, produce β-galactosidase, bile salt hydrolase and γ-amino butyric acid, remove cholesterol, and scavenge DPPH radical.
Conclusion
Lyophilized cells of L. plantarum GP retained all the functional characteristics without any significant loss during storage, which prompts to incorporate prebiotics for the development of stable functional food products.
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Gryp T, De Paepe K, Vanholder R, Kerckhof FM, Van Biesen W, Van de Wiele T, Verbeke F, Speeckaert M, Joossens M, Couttenye MM, Vaneechoutte M, Glorieux G. Gut microbiota generation of protein-bound uremic toxins and related metabolites is not altered at different stages of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 97:1230-1242. [PMID: 32317112 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by accumulation of protein-bound uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate, p-cresyl glucuronide, indoxyl sulfate and indole-3-acetic acid, which originate in the gut. Intestinal bacteria metabolize aromatic amino acids into p-cresol and indole, (further conjugated in the colon mucosa and liver) and indole-3-acetic acid. Here we measured fecal, plasma and urine metabolite concentrations; the contribution of gut bacterial generation to plasma protein-bound uremic toxins accumulation; and influx into the gut of circulating protein-bound uremic toxins at different stages of CKD. Feces, blood and urine were collected from 14 control individuals and 141 patients with CKD. Solutes were quantified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography. To assess the rate of bacterial generation of p-cresol, indole and indole-3-acetic acid, fecal samples were cultured ex vivo. With CKD progression, an increase in protein-bound uremic toxins levels was observed in plasma, whereas the levels of these toxins and their precursors remained the same in feces and urine. Anaerobic culture of fecal samples showed no difference in ex vivo p-cresol, indole and indole-3-acetic acid generation. Therefore, differences in plasma protein-bound uremic toxins levels between different CKD stages cannot be explained by differences in bacterial generation rates in the gut, suggesting retention due to impaired kidney function as the main contributor to their increased plasma levels. Thus, as fractional clearance decreased with the progression of CKD, tubular clearance appeared to be more affected than the glomerular filtration rate, and there was no net increase in protein-bound uremic toxins influx into the gut lumen with increased plasma levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gryp
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Molecular Microbiology-Microbiome Research Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kim De Paepe
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Biesen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Verbeke
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijn Speeckaert
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Joossens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Molecular Microbiology-Microbiome Research Lab, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Laboratory Bacteriology Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Nephrology Section, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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De Angelis M, Garruti G, Minervini F, Bonfrate L, Portincasa P, Gobbetti M. The Food-gut Human Axis: The Effects of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Metabolome. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:3567-3583. [PMID: 28462705 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170428103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota, the largest symbiont community hosted in human organism, is emerging as a pivotal player in the relationship between dietary habits and health. Oral and, especially, intestinal microbes metabolize dietary components, affecting human health by producing harmful or beneficial metabolites, which are involved in the incidence and progression of several intestinal related and non-related diseases. Habitual diet (Western, Agrarian and Mediterranean omnivore diets, vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free diets) drives the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome. Within the dietary components, polymers (mainly fibers, proteins, fat and polyphenols) that are not hydrolyzed by human enzymes seem to be the main leads of the metabolic pathways of gut microbiota, which in turn directly influence the human metabolome. Specific relationships between diet and microbes, microbes and metabolites, microbes and immune functions and microbes and/or their metabolites and some human diseases are being established. Dietary treatments with fibers are the most effective to benefit the metabolome profile, by improving the synthesis of short chain fatty acids and decreasing the level of molecules, such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and trimethylamine N-oxide, involved in disease state. Based on the axis diet-microbiota-health, this review aims at describing the most recent knowledge oriented towards a profitable use of diet to provide benefits to human health, both directly and indirectly, through the activity of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplants, Section of Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabio Minervini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.,Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
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31
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He X, Parenti M, Grip T, Lönnerdal B, Timby N, Domellöf M, Hernell O, Slupsky CM. Fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants fed bovine MFGM supplemented formula or standard formula with breast-fed infants as reference: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11589. [PMID: 31406230 PMCID: PMC6690946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk delivers an array of bioactive components that safeguard infant growth and development and maintain healthy gut microbiota. Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a biologically functional fraction of milk increasingly linked to beneficial outcomes in infants through protection from pathogens, modulation of the immune system and improved neurodevelopment. In the present study, we characterized the fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants fed a bovine MFGM supplemented experimental formula (EF) and compared to infants fed standard formula (SF) and a breast-fed reference group. The impact of MFGM on the fecal microbiome was moderate; however, the fecal metabolome of EF-fed infants showed a significant reduction of several metabolites including lactate, succinate, amino acids and their derivatives from that of infants fed SF. Introduction of weaning food with either human milk or infant formula reduces the distinct characteristics of breast-fed- or formula-fed- like infant fecal microbiome and metabolome profiles. Our findings support the hypothesis that higher levels of protein in infant formula and the lack of human milk oligosaccharides promote a shift toward amino acid fermentation in the gut. MFGM may play a role in shaping gut microbial activity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan He
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mariana Parenti
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Tove Grip
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bo Lönnerdal
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Niklas Timby
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Magnus Domellöf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, SE901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carolyn M Slupsky
- Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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32
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Onal Darilmaz D, Beyatli Y. Bile salt deconjugation activity of
Propionibacterium
strains and their cholesterol co‐precipitation abilities. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Onal Darilmaz
- Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Aksaray University 68100Aksaray Turkey
| | - Yavuz Beyatli
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology Gazi University 06500Ankara Turkey
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Effect of Daily Intake of Lactobacillus casei on Microbial Diversity and Dynamics in a Healthy Pediatric Population. Curr Microbiol 2019; 76:1020-1027. [PMID: 31187207 PMCID: PMC6663929 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01713-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence exists that an altered gut microbiota is a key factor in the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Consequently, microbiota-targeted interventions, including administration of probiotics, have increasingly been evaluated. Mechanisms on how probiotics contribute to homeostasis or reverse (effects of) dysbiosis remain yet to be elucidated. In the current study, we assessed the effects of daily Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) ingestion in healthy children aged from 12–18 years on gut microbiota compositional diversity and stability. Results were compared to healthy children without LcS exposure. For a period of 6 weeks, fecal samples were collected weekly by both groups. In total, 18 children were included (6 probiotics; 12 non-probiotics). At 1-week intervals, no differences in diversity and stability were observed in children exposed to LcS versus controls. LcS ingestion by healthy children does not result in a more diverse and stable gut microbiota composition. Large double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials in children should be performed to gain more insight on potential beneficial health consequences.
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34
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Pansai N, Chakree K, Takahashi Yupanqui C, Raungrut P, Yanyiam N, Wichienchot S. Gut microbiota modulation and immune boosting properties of prebiotic dragon fruit oligosaccharides. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nattha Pansai
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Korawan Chakree
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Chutha Takahashi Yupanqui
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Pritsana Raungrut
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Niracha Yanyiam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla 90110 Thailand
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Nutraceutical and Functional Food (IGS‐NFF) Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
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Prebiotic Supplementation of In Vitro Fecal Fermentations Inhibits Proteolysis by Gut Bacteria, and Host Diet Shapes Gut Bacterial Metabolism and Response to Intervention. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.02749-18. [PMID: 30824442 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02749-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of protein by gut bacteria is potentially detrimental due to the production of toxic metabolites, such as ammonia, amines, p-cresol, and indole. The consumption of prebiotic carbohydrates results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the microbiota that may confer benefits to host well-being and health. Here, we have studied the impact of prebiotics on proteolysis within the gut in vitro Anaerobic stirred batch cultures were inoculated with feces from omnivores (n = 3) and vegetarians (n = 3) and four protein sources (casein, meat, mycoprotein, and soy protein) with and without supplementation by an oligofructose-enriched inulin. Bacterial counts and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), ammonia, phenol, indole, and p-cresol were monitored during fermentation. Addition of the fructan prebiotic Synergy1 increased levels of bifidobacteria (P = 0.000019 and 0.000013 for omnivores and vegetarians, respectively). Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) were significantly lower in fermenters with vegetarians' feces (P = 0.004), reduced further by prebiotic treatment. Ammonia production was lower with Synergy1. Bacterial adaptation to different dietary protein sources was observed through different patterns of ammonia production between vegetarians and omnivores. In volunteer samples with high baseline levels of phenol, indole, p-cresol, and skatole, Synergy1 fermentation led to a reduction of these compounds.IMPORTANCE Dietary protein intake is high in Western populations, which could result in potentially harmful metabolites in the gut from proteolysis. In an in vitro fermentation model, the addition of prebiotics reduced the negative consequences of high protein levels. Supplementation with a prebiotic resulted in a reduction of proteolytic metabolites in the model. A difference was seen in protein fermentation between omnivore and vegetarian gut microbiotas: bacteria from vegetarian donors grew more on soy and Quorn than on meat and casein, with reduced ammonia production. Bacteria from vegetarian donors produced less branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA).
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Ou Y, Chen S, Ren F, Zhang M, Ge S, Guo H, Zhang H, Zhao L. Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota Alleviates Constipation in Adults by Increasing the Pipecolinic Acid Level in the Gut. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:324. [PMID: 30846982 PMCID: PMC6394200 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of probiotics for constipation are widely accepted, but the mechanisms involving gut metabolites are unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) on constipated patients and revealed that a metabolite mediator is involved in the LcS-induced constipation alleviation. Sixteen constipated patients and 22 non-constipated participants were recruited. The subjects consumed 100 mL of an LcS beverage (108 CFU/mL) per day for 28 days. The fecal non-volatile metabolites were determined by GC/MS, and the targeted metabolites were further verified in a constipated mouse model. In constipated patients, LcS intervention significantly improved defecation frequency (from 4.81 to 7.81 times per week, p < 0.05), stool consistency (from 2.52 to 3.68, p < 0.05) and constipation-related symptoms. A total of 14 non-volatile fecal metabolites were obtained as potential constipation-related metabolites that were regulated by LcS. Among these metabolites, pipecolinic acid (PIPA) had a significant positive correlation with defecation frequency in constipated patients. PIPA significantly promoted the small intestinal propulsive rate (from 25.45 to 39.68%) and increased the number of fecal pellets (from 30.38 to 57.38 pellets) in constipated mice (p < 0.05). The 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and acetylcholine (ACh) in colonic tissue may be partly involved in PIPA-mediated constipation alleviation. In conclusion, PIPA was a metabolic mediator in the gut that participated in LcS-induced constipation alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangwenshan Ou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanbin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe, China
| | - Huiyuan Guo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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de Vries J, Le Bourgot C, Calame W, Respondek F. Effects of β-Fructans Fiber on Bowel Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E91. [PMID: 30621208 PMCID: PMC6356805 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effects of β-fructan supplementation on bowel function in healthy volunteers and patients. The search process was based on the selection of publications listed in the Pubmed and EUPMC database until December 2017, plus two unpublished studies, to identify studies evaluating the impact of β-fructans on bowel movement and stool parameters. Forty-seven publications were selected for inclusion. Primary parameter was frequency of bowel movements, evaluated by the number of defecations per day during the study period. Secondary outcomes were stool consistency, stool dry and wet weights, and transit time. Short-chain (DP < 10) β-fructans contributed to increased stool frequency (0.36 defecation +/- 0.06 per day; p < 0.001), while no significant effect was reported with long-chain (DP ≥ 10) β-fructans (-0.03 +/- 0.11, p = 0.82). A minimal increase in stool wet weight was also statistically demonstrated with short-chain β-fructans. Moreover, the meta-analysis highlighted significant differences in stool consistency in contrast to fecal dry weight after β-fructan supplementation. This systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that short-chain β-fructan supplementation has a positive effect on bowel function by significantly increasing the frequency of bowel movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan de Vries
- De Vries Nutrition Solutions Inc., 7213 CE Gorssel, The Netherlands.
| | - Cindy Le Bourgot
- R & D Department, Tereos, Rue de Senlis, 77230 Moussy-Le-Vieux, France.
| | - Wim Calame
- StatistiCal BV, 2241 MN Wassenaar, The Netherlands.
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Eidi F, Poor-Reza Gholi F, Ostadrahimi A, Dalili N, Samadian F, Barzegari A. Effect of Lactobacillus Rhamnosus on serum uremic toxins (phenol and P-Cresol) in hemodialysis patients: A double blind randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2018; 28:158-164. [PMID: 30390875 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxins such as p-cresol and phenol are suggested to be associated with higher mortality in hemodialysis patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on some serum uremic toxin levels in hemodialysis patients. METHODS Patients undergoing hemodialysis in a university dialysis center were enrolled in this randomized controlled double blind clinical trial. The patients received probiotic (Lactobacillus Rhamnosus) for duration of 4 weeks. All data were presented as the mean ± SD. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS statistical software. Paired t-test was used to compare pre- and post-treatment p-cresol levels. P values less than .05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 42 hemodialysis patients (32 male and 10 female) were enrolled in this study. The mean ± SD age of the patients in Lactobacillus Rhamnosus and placebo groups were 57.05 ± 13.96 and 59.67 ± 15.04 years, respectively. Values of uremic toxins before treatment did not differ statistically between groups but they were significantly lower in Lactobacillus Rhamnosus group compared with placebo group (P < .05). Total Phenol and p-cresol levels were associated with sodium, energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein intake and fiber consumption, accompanying by hemodialysis hours per week in linear regression analyses. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that probiotics could be a promising target in hemodialysis patients with the capability of decreasing serum phenolic uremic toxins in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20154182017N21 Date:09/12/2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Eidi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Poor-Reza Gholi
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center (CKDRC), Department of Nephrology, Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nooshin Dalili
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center (CKDRC), Department of Nephrology, Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fariba Samadian
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center (CKDRC), Department of Nephrology, Labbafinejad Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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In Vitro Screening of Indigenous Lactobacillus Isolates for Selecting Organisms with Better Health-Promoting Attributes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:1060-1074. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-018-2709-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Chen J, Guo Y, Gui Y, Xu D. Physical exercise, gut, gut microbiota, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:17. [PMID: 29357881 PMCID: PMC5778620 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0653-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and its risk can be independently decreased by regular physical activity. Recently, ASCVD and its risk factors were found to be impacted by the gut microbiota through its diversity, distribution and metabolites. Meanwhile, several experiments demonstrated the relationship between physical exercise and diversity, distribution, metabolite of the gut microbiota as well as its functions on the lipid metabolism and chronic systematic inflammation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of physical exercise on ASCVD through modulation of the gut microbiota and intestinal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yajun Gui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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CHAIYASUT C, PATTANANANDECHA T, SIRILUN S, SUWANNALERT P, PEERAJAN S, SIVAMARUTHI BS. Synbiotic preparation with Lactic acid bacteria and inulin as a functional food: In vivo evaluation of microbial activities, and preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.26216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Gryp T, Vanholder R, Vaneechoutte M, Glorieux G. p-Cresyl Sulfate. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9020052. [PMID: 28146081 PMCID: PMC5331431 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
If chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an impairment of kidney function, several uremic solutes are retained. Some of these exert toxic effects, which are called uremic toxins. p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS) is a prototype protein-bound uremic toxin to which many biological and biochemical (toxic) effects have been attributed. In addition, increased levels of pCS have been associated with worsening outcomes in CKD patients. pCS finds its origin in the intestine where gut bacteria metabolize aromatic amino acids, such as tyrosine and phenylalanine, leading to phenolic end products, of which pCS is one of the components. In this review we summarize the biological effects of pCS and its metabolic origin in the intestine. It appears that, according to in vitro studies, the intestinal bacteria generating phenolic compounds mainly belong to the families Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae. Since pCS remains difficult to remove by dialysis, the gut microbiota could be a future target to decrease pCS levels and its toxicity, even at earlier stages of CKD, aiming at slowing down the progression of the disease and decreasing the cardiovascular burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gryp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- Laboratory for Bacteriology Research, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Mario Vaneechoutte
- Laboratory for Bacteriology Research, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Griet Glorieux
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Portune KJ, Beaumont M, Davila AM, Tomé D, Blachier F, Sanz Y. Gut microbiota role in dietary protein metabolism and health-related outcomes: The two sides of the coin. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Biofluid metabotyping of occupationally exposed subjects to air pollution demonstrates high oxidative stress and deregulated amino acid metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35972. [PMID: 27767182 PMCID: PMC5073280 DOI: 10.1038/srep35972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Occupational exposure to air pollution induces oxidative stress and prolonged exposure increases susceptibility to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in several working groups. Biofluid of these subjects may reflect perturbed metabolic phenotypes. In this study we carried out a comparative molecular profiling study using parallel biofluids collected from subjects (n = 85) belonging to auto rickshaw drivers (ARD), traffic cops (TC) and office workers (OW). Higher levels of oxidative stress and inflammation markers in serum of ARD subjects were observed as compared to OW and TC. Uni and multivariate analyses of metabolites identified in urine by 1H NMR revealed 11 deregulated molecules in ARD subjects and involved in phenylalanine, histidine, arginine and proline metabolism. Despite contribution of confounding factors like exposure period, dietary factors including smoking and alcohol status, our results demonstrate existence of exposure specific metabotypes in biofluids of ARD, OW and TC groups. Monitoring serum oxidative stress and inflammation markers and urine metabolites by NMR may be useful to characterize perturbed metabolic phenotypes in populations exposed to urban traffic air pollution.
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Pattananandecha T, Sirilun S, Duangjitcharoen Y, Sivamaruthi BS, Suwannalert P, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Hydrolysed inulin alleviates the azoxymethane-induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci by altering selected intestinal microbiota in Sprague-Dawley rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1596-1605. [PMID: 26794346 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1110597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Inulin, a non-digestible carbohydrate isolated from Helianthus tuberosus L. (Asteraceae), has been shown to alter the gut beneficial bacteria including Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria. Inulin also influences the activities of intestinal microbiota that could prevent the colon cancer development. Objective This study determines the effect of hydrolysed inulin with different degrees of polymerisation on alteration of intestinal microbiota and their activities on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rats. Materials and methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (three control and three AOM-treated groups) and the animal were fed with either a normal diet or diet containing 10% of long-chain inulin (InuL) or short-chain inulin (InuS), respectively, for 17 weeks. Colon cancer was induced in rats by injecting AOM subcutaneously at the 8th and 9th week of the study period. At the end of the experiment, cecal contents of rats were examined for selected microbiota, organic acids, putrefactive compounds and microbial enzymes. ACF formation was microscopically examined. Results The inulin diets significantly increased the weight and decreased the pH of the caecal content. The rats fed with InuL-supplemented diet showed approximately 2.9- and 6.8-fold increases in the biomass of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria, respectively. Naive and AOM-treated rats fed with inulin-supplemented diet showed ∼1.3- and ∼2.2-fold decreases in the biomass of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, respectively. Inulins significantly decreased the colonic concentration of phenol, p-cresol and indole. Reduction in the activity of microbial enzymes such as β-glucuronidase, azoreductase and nitroreductase were observed in inulin-treated animals. Reduction in the ACF formation has been observed in inulin-treated groups. Discussion and conclusion The present study demonstrates that dietary administration of inulin reduces the formation of preneoplastic lesions in the colon, possibly by altering the microecology and microbial activities on carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanawat Pattananandecha
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Yodsawee Duangjitcharoen
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | | | - Prasit Suwannalert
- b Department of Pathobiology , Faculty of Science, Mahidol University , Bangkok , Thailand
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- a Health Product Research and Development Unit , Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
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Qamar TR, Syed F, Nasir M, Rehman H, Zahid MN, Liu RH, Iqbal S. Novel Combination of Prebiotics Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Inulin-Inhibited Aberrant Crypt Foci Formation and Biomarkers of Colon Cancer in Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:E465. [PMID: 27490566 PMCID: PMC4997378 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity and beneficial effects of prebiotics are mainly dependent on composition and glycosidic linkage among monosaccharide units. This is the first study to use prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) that contains β-1,6 and β-1,3 glycosidic linkages and the novel combination of GOS and inulin in cancer prevention. The objective of the present study is to explore the role of novel GOS and inulin against various biomarkers of colorectal cancer (CRC) and the incidence of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in a 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine dihydrochloride (DMH)-induced rodent model. Prebiotic treatments of combined GOS and inulin (57 mg each), as well as individual doses (GOS: 76-151 mg; inulin 114 mg), were given to DMH-treated animals for 16 weeks. Our data reveal the significant preventive effect of the GOS and inulin combination against the development of CRC. It was observed that inhibition of ACF formation (55.8%) was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher using the GOS and inulin combination than GOS (41.4%) and inulin (51.2%) treatments alone. This combination also rendered better results on short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bacterial enzymatic activities. Dose-dependent effects of prebiotic treatments were also observed on cecum and fecal bacterial enzymes and on SCFA. Thus, this study demonstrated that novel combination of GOS and inulin exhibited stronger preventive activity than their individual treatments alone, and can be a promising strategy for CRC chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Rasool Qamar
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Fatima Syed
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nasir
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Habib Rehman
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Rui Hai Liu
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Sanaullah Iqbal
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Punjab, Pakistan.
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The Gut Microbiota from Lean and Obese Subjects Contribute Differently to the Fermentation of Arabinogalactan and Inulin. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159236. [PMID: 27410967 PMCID: PMC4943740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An aberrant metabolic activity or a compositional alteration of the gut microbiota has been proposed as a factor that makes us more prone to disease. Therefore, we explored the effect of two dietary fibers (arabinogalactan and inulin) on the microbiota from lean and obese subjects during 72 h in vitro fermentation experiments using the validated TNO dynamic in vitro model of the proximal colon: TIM-2. Metabolically, arabinogalactan fermentation showed a higher production of propionate when compared to n-butyrate in the obese microbiota fermentations. In general, lean microbiota produced more n-butyrate from the fermentation of both substrates when compared to the obese microbiota. Furthermore, the obese microbiota extracted more energy from the fermentation of both fibers. Results Compositionally, bacteria belonging to Gemmiger, Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera were found to be highly abundant or stimulated by the prebiotics in the lean microbiota suggesting a potential role in leanness. Furthermore, a significant correlation between known butyrogenic strains including B. adolescentis, an unclassified Bifidobacterium and F. prausnitzii with this metabolite in the fermentation of inulin in both microbiotas was found. Conclusions Although supplementary in vivo studies are needed, the current study provides more evidence for the consumption of specific ingredients with the aim of modulating the gut microbiota in the context of obesity.
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Aoki R, Tsuchida S, Arai Y, Ohno K, Nishijima T, Mawatari T, Mikami Y, Ushida K. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 on the physiological function of intestine in a rat model. Food Sci Nutr 2016; 4:782-790. [PMID: 27826427 PMCID: PMC5090641 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to proliferate in the human intestine. The intestinal dynamics and physiological effects of GCL2505 as well as the mechanism underlying proliferation in the gut were investigated. GCL2505 showed markedly higher resistance to free bile acids (cholic and deoxycholic acids) than other bifidobacterial species. The intestinal dynamics of GCL2505 and B. longum ssp. longum JCM1217T was compared. The level of B. animalis ssp. lactis in the GCL2505‐administered group was remarkably higher than that of B. longum in the JCM1217T‐administered group. The distribution of B. animalis ssp. lactis through the intestine of the GCL2505‐administered group revealed that GCL2505 proliferated in the cecum. The physiological effects of GCL2505 and JCM 1217T were investigated. The cecal IgA level in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the nontreated control group. In contrast, the JCM 1217T‐administered group did not manifest any change in the cecal IgA level. Mucin excretion in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the JCM 1217T‐administered group. The thickness of the sulfomucin layer of the colon in the GCL2505‐administered group tended to be higher than that in the JCM 1217T‐administered group. In a loperamide‐induced constipation model, fecal excretion in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly increased compared with that in the loperamide‐treated control group. Short‐chain fatty acid concentration in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the loperamide‐treated control group. These results indicate that the level of proliferation of probiotics in the intestine correlates with the magnitude of host physiological responses, such as IgA production and mucin secretion, which possibly affect gastrointestinal functions such as bowel movement to counteract constipation. GCL2505 exhibits high tolerance to secondary bile acids, which partially explains its higher rate of proliferation in the large intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Aoki
- Instutute of Health Sciences Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd. Osaka Utajima Japan; Glico Dairy Products Co. Ltd. Akishima Tokyo Japan
| | - Sayaka Tsuchida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | - Yuri Arai
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | - Konatsu Ohno
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
| | | | | | - Yumiko Mikami
- Instutute of Health Sciences Ezaki Glico Co. Ltd. Osaka Utajima Japan
| | - Kazunari Ushida
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science Kyoto Prefectural University Shimogamo Kyoto 606-8522 Japan
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Mikelsaar M, Sepp E, Štšepetova J, Songisepp E, Mändar R. Biodiversity of Intestinal Lactic Acid Bacteria in the Healthy Population. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 932:1-64. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Association between the gut microbiota and diet: Fetal life, early childhood, and further life. Nutrition 2015; 32:620-7. [PMID: 26946974 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota establishment and further microbiota shifts are very important for maintaining host health throughout life. There are some factors, including genetics, the mother's health and diet, delivery mode, breast or formula feeding, that may influence the gut microbiota. By the end of approximately the first 3 y of life, the gut microbiota becomes an adult-like stable system. Once established, 60 to 70% of the microbiota composition remains stable throughout life, but 30 to 40% can be altered by changes in the diet and other factors such as physical activity, lifestyle, bacterial infections, and antibiotic or surgical treatment. Diet-related factors that influence the gut microbiota in people of all ages are of great interest. Nutrition may have therapeutic success in gut microbiota correction. This review describes current evidence concerning the links between gut microbiota composition and dietary patterns throughout life.
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