1
|
Wang L, Meng FJ, Jin YH, Wu LQ, Tang RY, Xu KH, Guo Y, Mao JJ, Ding JP, Li J. Effects of probiotic supplementation on 12 min run performance, mood management, body composition and gut microbiota in amateur marathon runners: A double-blind controlled trial. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:297-304. [PMID: 38706951 PMCID: PMC11066675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotic supplementation has a positive effect on endurance exercise performance and body composition in athletes, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota can provide measurable markers of immune function in athletes, and microbial composition analysis may be sensitive enough to detect stress and metabolic disorders caused by exercise. Methods Nineteen healthy active amateur marathon runners (15 male and 4 female) with a mean age of 29.11 years volunteered to participate in this double-blind controlled study. Based on the performance of the Cooper 12-min running test (CRT), the participants were allocated into two groups to receive either a probiotic formulation comprising lactobacillus acidophilus and bifidobacterium longum (n = 10) or placebo containing maltodextrin (n = 9) for five weeks. Consistency of diet and exercise was ensured throughout the experimental period. Before and after the intervention, all participants were assessed for CRT, emotional stability and gastrointestinal symptoms, gut microbiota composition, body composition and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indicators of skeletal muscle microcirculation. Results Compared to before the intervention, the probiotics group showed an increase in CRT score (2.88 ± 0.57 vs 3.01 ± 0.60 km, P<0.05), significant improvement in GSRS and GIQLI (9.20 ± 4.64 vs 7.40 ± 3.24, 118.90 ± 12.30 vs 127.50 ± 9.85, P<0.05), while these indicators remained unchanged in the control group, with a significant time-group interaction effect on gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, some MRI metabolic cycling indicators of the thigh skeletal muscle also changed in the probiotics group (P<0.05). Regarding microbiota abundance, the probiotics group exhibited a significant increase in the abundance of beneficial bacteria and a significant decrease in the abundance of harmful bacteria post-intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion As a sports nutritional supplement, probiotics have the potential to improve athletic performance by optimizing the balance of gut microbiota, alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, China
| | - Fan-Jing Meng
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Han Jin
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Yu Tang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kuang-Hui Xu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Jie Mao
- School of Physical Education, Hangzhou Normal University, China
| | - Jian-Ping Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Sports Medicine for Marathon, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Sports Medicine for Marathon, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li R, Hao Y, Shen Y, Gui L, Lv W, Yuan L, Du B, Xie L, Li J, Xu X. Impact of cadmium and diclofenac exposure on biochemical responses, transcriptome, gut microflora, and growth performance in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142428. [PMID: 38797211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd) and diclofenac (DCF) in water have frequently exceeded the standard; however, the toxic effects of these two pollutants on grass carp under single and combined exposure are unknown. In this study, the concentrations of pollutants in different tissues were detected, and the toxicities of the two pollutants to grass carp under different exposure conditions were compared based on growth traits, biochemical responses, gut microbiome, and transcriptomes. Based on these findings, the brain showed the lowest levels of Cd and DCF accumulation. Oxidative stress and pathological damage were observed in the brain and intestines. Changes in the structure and abundance of the gut microflora affect the synthesis of neurotransmitters, such as GABA and steroids. Differentially expressed genes in the brain were enriched in circadian rhythm functions. The expression of PER, CLOCK,1L-1β, 1L-17, and other genes are related to the abundance of Akkermansia, which indicates that the disorder of gut microflora will affect the normal circadian rhythm of the brain. All indices in the recovery group showed an increasing trend. Overall, the toxicity of Cd and DCF showed antagonism, and a single exposure had a stronger effect on gut microorganisms and circadian rhythm, which provided a scientific basis for exploring the comprehensive effects of different pollutants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghu Hao
- Tongling Puji Sangtian Daoyu Ecological Development Co., Ltd., Anhui, China
| | - Yubang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Gui
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Xie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiale Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Zhao Y, Tang X, Nan X, Jiang L, Wang H, Liu J, Yang L, Yao J, Xiong B. Nutrition, gastrointestinal microorganisms and metabolites in mastitis occurrence and control. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 17:220-231. [PMID: 38800734 PMCID: PMC11126769 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mastitis affects almost all mammals including humans and dairy cows. In the dairy industry, bovine mastitis is a disease with a persistently high incidence, causing serious losses to the health of cows, the quality of dairy products, and the economy of dairy farms. Although local udder infection caused by the invasion of exogenous pathogens into the mammary gland was considered the main cause of mastitis, evidence has been established and continues to grow, showing that nutrition factors and gastrointestinal microbiome (GM) as well as their metabolites are also involved in the development of mammary inflammatory response. Suboptimal nutrition is recognized as a risk factor for increased susceptibility to mastitis in cattle, in particular the negative energy balance. The majority of data regarding nutrition and bovine mastitis involves micronutrients. In addition, the dysbiotic GM can directly trigger or aggravate mastitis through entero-mammary gland pathway. The decreased beneficial commensal bacteria, lowered bacterial diversity, and increased pathogens as well as proinflammatory metabolites are found in both the milk and gastrointestinal tract of mastitic dairy cows. This review discussed the relationship between the nutrition (energy and micronutrient levels) and mastitis, summarized the role of GM and metabolites in regulating mastitis. Meanwhile, several non-antibiotics strategies were provided for the prevention and alleviation of mastitis, including micronutrients, probiotics, short-chain fatty acids, high-fiber diet, inulin, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Langfang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aykut MN, Erdoğan EN, Çelik MN, Gürbüz M. An Updated View of the Effect of Probiotic Supplement on Sports Performance: A Detailed Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:251-263. [PMID: 38470560 PMCID: PMC11133216 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Modulation of the host microbiota through probiotics has been shown to have beneficial effects on health in the growing body of research. Exercise increases the amount and diversity of beneficial microorganisms in the host microbiome. Although low- and moderate-intensity exercise has been shown to reduce physiological stress and improve immune function, high-intensity prolonged exercise can suppress immune function and reduce microbial diversity due to intestinal hypoperfusion. The effect of probiotic supplementation on sports performance is still being studied; however, questions remain regarding the mechanisms of action, strain used, and dose. In this review, the aim was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplements on exercise performance through modulation of gut microbiota and alleviation of GI symptoms, promotion of the immune system, bioavailability of nutrients, and aerobic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Probiotic supplementation may improve sports performance by reducing the adverse effects of prolonged high-intensity exercise. Although probiotics have been reported to have positive effects on sports performance, information about the microbiome and nutrition of athletes has not been considered in most current studies. This may have limited the evaluation of the effects of probiotic supplementation on sports performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miray Nur Aykut
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Esma Nur Erdoğan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Menşure Nur Çelik
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Murat Gürbüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nasreen S, Ali S, Andleeb S, Summer M, Hussain T, Imdad K, Ara C, Tahir HM. Mechanisms of medicinal, pharmaceutical, and immunomodulatory action of probiotics bacteria and their secondary metabolites against disease management: an overview. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:549-565. [PMID: 38532057 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics or bacteriotherapy is today's hot issue for public entities (Food and Agriculture Organization, and World Health Organization) as well as health and food industries since Metchnikoff and his colleagues hypothesized the correlation between probiotic consumption and human's health. They contribute to the newest and highly efficient arena of promising biotherapeutics. These are usually attractive in biomedical applications such as gut-related diseases like irritable bowel disease, diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders, fungal infections, various allergies, parasitic and bacterial infections, viral diseases, and intestinal inflammation, and are also worth immunomodulation. The useful impact of probiotics is not limited to gut-related diseases alone. Still, these have proven benefits in various acute and chronic infectious diseases, like cancer, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diseases, and high serum cholesterol. Recently, different researchers have paid special attention to investigating biomedical applications of probiotics, but consolidated data regarding bacteriotherapy with a detailed mechanistically applied approach is scarce and controversial. The present article reviews the bio-interface of probiotic strains, mainly (i) why the demand for probiotics?, (ii) the current status of probiotics, (iii) an alternative to antibiotics, (iv) the potential applications towards disease management, (v) probiotics and industrialization, and (vi) futuristic approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Saiqa Andleeb
- Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tauqeer Hussain
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Imdad
- Department of Bioscience, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Chaman Ara
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Averina OV, Poluektova EU, Zorkina YA, Kovtun AS, Danilenko VN. Human Gut Microbiota for Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5782. [PMID: 38891970 PMCID: PMC11171505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, depressive disorder is spreading rapidly all over the world. Therefore, attention to the studies of the pathogenesis of the disease in order to find novel ways of early diagnosis and treatment is increasing among the scientific and medical communities. Special attention is drawn to a biomarker and therapeutic strategy through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. It is known that the symbiotic interactions between the gut microbes and the host can affect mental health. The review analyzes the mechanisms and ways of action of the gut microbiota on the pathophysiology of depression. The possibility of using knowledge about the taxonomic composition and metabolic profile of the microbiota of patients with depression to select gene compositions (metagenomic signature) as biomarkers of the disease is evaluated. The use of in silico technologies (machine learning) for the diagnosis of depression based on the biomarkers of the gut microbiota is given. Alternative approaches to the treatment of depression are being considered by balancing the microbial composition through dietary modifications and the use of additives, namely probiotics, postbiotics (including vesicles) and prebiotics as psychobiotics, and fecal transplantation. The bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is under consideration as a promising new-generation probiotic and auxiliary diagnostic biomarker of depression. The analysis conducted in this review may be useful for clinical practice and pharmacology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Averina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Elena U. Poluektova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Yana A. Zorkina
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.); (V.N.D.)
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Centre of Psychiatry and Narcology, Kropotkinsky per. 23, 119034 Moscow, Russia
- Mental-Health Clinic No. 1 Named after N.A. Alekseev, Zagorodnoe Highway 2, 115191 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey S. Kovtun
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.); (V.N.D.)
| | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 119333 Moscow, Russia; (E.U.P.); (Y.A.Z.); (A.S.K.); (V.N.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu JM, Cai GH, Li J, Yang HL, Ye JD, Sun YZ. Commensal Bacillus pumilus SE5-Derived Peptidoglycan and Lipoteichoic Acid Showed Synergistic Effects in Improving Growth, Immunity, and Intestinal Health of Grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10291-7. [PMID: 38789900 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10291-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Commensal-derived peptidoglycan (PG) or lipoteichoic acid (LTA) can improve the growth, immunity, and intestinal health of fish, but it is not clear whether the two components have synergistic effects. To clarify this, grouper (Epinephelus coioides) was fed basal diet (CG) or diets containing 1.0 × 108 CFU/g heat-inactivated SE5 (HIB), PG (21.30 mg/kg), LTA (6.70 mg/kg), mixture (PL1) of PG (10.65 mg/kg) and LTA (3.35 mg/kg), and mixture (PL2) of PG (21.30 mg/kg) and LTA (6.70 mg/kg). Improved growth performance and feed utilization were observed in groups PG, LTA, PL1, and PL2, and the optimum growth performance was recorded in group PL1. Furthermore, improved serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity and immunoglobulin M (IgM) and complement C3 (C3) contents were observed in all treatments, and the AKP activity in group PL1 was significantly superior to that of groups PG and LTA. Although PG and LTA alone or in combination exert comparable effects on intestinal microbiota and physical structure, obviously enhanced intestinal protease activity was observed in group PL1. The combined efficacy of PL1 could further potentiate the immune response by modulating the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and upregulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides (epinecidin-1, hepcidin-1, and β-defensin) as well as IgM. At the same time, group PL1 could further mitigate intestinal inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, probiotic B. pumilus SE5-derived PG and LTA mixture (10.65 mg/kg PG and 3.35 mg/kg LTA) exhibits better potential for improving the growth performance, intestinal health, and immune function compared to another mixture (21.30 mg/kg PG and 6.70 mg/kg LTA) and PG or LTA alone in grouper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Guo-He Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hong-Ling Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Dan Ye
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yun-Zhang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Xiamen Key Laboratory for Feed Quality Testing and Safety Evaluation, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Engineering Research Center of the Modern Technology for Eel Industry, Ministry of Education, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amini-Salehi E, Hassanipour S, Keivanlou MH, Shahdkar M, Orang Goorabzarmakhi M, Vakilpour A, Joukar F, Hashemi M, Sattari N, Javid M, Mansour-Ghanaei F. The impact of gut microbiome-targeted therapy on liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an umbrella meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:815-830. [PMID: 37550264 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. To date, no confirmed medication is available for the treatment of NAFLD. Previous studies showed the promising effects of gut microbiome-targeted therapies; however, the results were controversial and the strength of the evidence and their clinical significance remained unclear. OBJECTIVES This umbrella study summarizes the results of meta-analyses investigating the effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on liver enzymes in the NAFLD population. DATA SOURCE A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was done up to December 20, 2022, to find meta-analyses on randomized control trials reporting the effects of gut microbial therapy on patients with NAFLD. DATA EXTRACTION Two independent investigators extracted data on the characteristics of meta-analyses, and any discrepancies were resolved by a third researcher. The AMSTAR2 checklist was used for evaluating the quality of studies. DATA ANALYSIS A final total of 15 studies were included in the analysis. Results showed that microbiome-targeted therapies could significantly reduce levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT; effect size [ES], -10.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.29, -7.14; P < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST; ES, -8.86; 95%CI, -11.39, -6.32; P < 0.001), and γ-glutamyltransferase (ES, -5.56; 95%CI, -7.92, -3.31; P < 0.001) in patients with NAFLD. Results of subgroup analysis based on intervention showed probiotics could significantly reduce levels of AST (ES, -8.69; 95%CI, -11.01, -6.37; P < 0.001) and ALT (ES, -9.82; 95%CI, -11.59, -8.05; P < 0.001). Synbiotics could significantly reduce levels of AST (ES, -11.40; 95%CI, -13.91, -8.88; P < 0.001) and ALT (ES, -11.87; 95%CI, -13.80, -9.95; P < 0.001). Prebiotics had no significant effects on AST and ALT levels (ES, -2.96; 95%CI, -8.12, 2.18, P = 0.259; and ES, -4.69; 95%CI, -13.53, 4.15, P = 0.299, respectively). CONCLUSION Gut microbiome-targeted therapies could be a promising therapeutic approach in the improvement of hepatic damage in patients with NAFLD. However, more studies are needed to better determine the best bacterial strains, duration of treatment, and optimum dosage of gut microbiome-targeted therapies in the treatment of the NAFLD population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022346998.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Amini-Salehi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Soheil Hassanipour
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Milad Shahdkar
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Azin Vakilpour
- School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Joukar
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nazila Sattari
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meng J, Liu S, Wu X. Engineered probiotics as live biotherapeutics for diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:300-314. [PMID: 36946080 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2190392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics to regulate the intestinal microbiota to prevent and treat a large number of disorders and diseases has been an international research hotspot. Although conventional probiotics have a certain regulatory role in nutrient metabolism, inhibiting pathogens, inducing immune regulation, and maintaining intestinal epithelial barrier function, they are unable to treat certain diseases. In recent years, aided by the continuous development of synthetic biology, engineering probiotics with desired characteristics and functionalities to benefit human health has made significant progress. In this article, we summarise the mechanism of action of conventional probiotics and their limitations and highlight the latest developments in the design and construction of probiotics as living diagnostics and therapeutics for the detection and treatment of a series of diseases, including pathogen infections, cancer, intestinal inflammation, metabolic disorders, vaccine delivery, cognitive health, and fatty liver. Besides we discuss the concerns regarding engineered probiotics and corresponding countermeasures and outline the desired features in the future development of engineered live biotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Shufan Liu
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology; College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Laboratory of Nutrient Resources and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Raev SA, Kick MK, Chellis M, Amimo JO, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Histo-Blood Group Antigen-Producing Bacterial Cocktail Reduces Rotavirus A, B, and C Infection and Disease in Gnotobiotic Piglets. Viruses 2024; 16:660. [PMID: 38793542 PMCID: PMC11125826 DOI: 10.3390/v16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The suboptimal performance of rotavirus (RV) vaccines in developing countries and in animals necessitates further research on the development of novel therapeutics and control strategies. To initiate infection, RV interacts with cell-surface O-glycans, including histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). We have previously demonstrated that certain non-pathogenic bacteria express HBGA- like substances (HBGA+) capable of binding RV particles in vitro. We hypothesized that HBGA+ bacteria can bind RV particles in the gut lumen protecting against RV species A (RVA), B (RVB), and C (RVC) infection in vivo. In this study, germ-free piglets were colonized with HBGA+ or HBGA- bacterial cocktail and infected with RVA/RVB/RVC of different genotypes. Diarrhea severity, virus shedding, immunoglobulin A (IgA) Ab titers, and cytokine levels were evaluated. Overall, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria resulted in reduced diarrhea severity and virus shedding compared to the HBGA- bacteria. Consistent with our hypothesis, the reduced severity of RV disease and infection was not associated with significant alterations in immune responses. Additionally, colonization with HBGA+ bacteria conferred beneficial effects irrespective of the piglet HBGA phenotype. These findings are the first experimental evidence that probiotic performance in vivo can be improved by including HBGA+ bacteria, providing decoy epitopes for broader/more consistent protection against diverse RVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei A. Raev
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Maryssa K. Kick
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Maria Chellis
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | | | - Linda J. Saif
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Center for Food Animal Health, Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA; (S.A.R.); (M.K.K.); (M.C.); (L.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yao L, Yang Y, Yang X, Rezaei MJ. The Interaction Between Nutraceuticals and Gut Microbiota: a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Prevent and Treatment Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2. [PMID: 38587699 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Emerging research has shed light on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, berberine, phytoestrogens, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, EGCG, and fisetin), dietary fibers have been shown to influence gut microbiota composition and function, restoring microbial balance and enhancing the gut-brain axis. The mechanisms underlying these benefits involve microbial metabolite production, restoration of gut barrier integrity, and modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Additionally, probiotics and prebiotics have shown potential in promoting gut health, influencing the gut microbiome, and alleviating PD symptoms. They can enhance the gut's antioxidant capacity of the gut, reduce inflammation, and maintain immune homeostasis, contributing to a neuroprotective environment. This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the potential of nutraceuticals and gut microbiota modulation in the prevention and management of Parkinson's disease, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to validate their effectiveness and safety. The findings suggest that a multifaceted approach involving nutraceuticals and gut microbiota may open new avenues for addressing the challenges of PD and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yao
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Mohammad J Rezaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dosh L, Ghazi M, Haddad K, El Masri J, Hawi J, Leone A, Basset C, Geagea AG, Jurjus R, Jurjus A. Probiotics, gut microbiome, and cardiovascular diseases: An update. Transpl Immunol 2024; 83:102000. [PMID: 38262540 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the most challenging diseases and many factors have been demonstrated to affect their pathogenesis. One of the major factors that affect CVDs, especially atherosclerosis, is the gut microbiota (GM). Genetics play a key role in linking CVDs with GM, in addition to some environmental factors which can be either beneficial or harmful. The interplay between GM and CVDs is complex due to the numerous mechanisms through which microbial components and their metabolites can influence CVDs. Within this interplay, the immune system plays a major role, mainly based on the immunomodulatory effects of microbial dysbiosis and its resulting metabolites. The resulting modulation of chronic inflammatory processes was found to reduce the severity of CVDs and to maintain cardiovascular health. To better understand the specific roles of GM-related metabolites in this interplay, this review presents an updated perspective on gut metabolites related effects on the cardiovascular system, highlighting the possible benefits of probiotics in therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Maya Ghazi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karim Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Jihad Hawi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Al Kurah, Lebanon.
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Charbel Basset
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostic, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Alice Gerges Geagea
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bose S, Sharan K. Effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health: a preclinical meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:567-580. [PMID: 37869975 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major concern for women worldwide due to increased risk of fractures and diminished bone quality. Recent research on gut microbiota has suggested that probiotics can combat various diseases, including postmenopausal bone loss. Although several preclinical studies have explored the potential of probiotics in improving postmenopausal bone loss, the results have been inconsistent and the mechanism of action remains unclear. To address this, a meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics on animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The bone parameters studied were bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fractions (BV/TV), and hallmarks of bone formation and resorption. Pooled analysis showed that probiotic treatment significantly improves BMD and BV/TV of the ovariectomised animals. Probiotics, while not statistically significant, exhibited a tendency towards enhancing bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Next, we compared the effects of Lactobacillus sp. and Bifidobacterium sp. on osteoporotic bone. Both probiotics improved BMD and BV/TV compared with control, but Lactobacillus sp. had a larger effect size. In conclusion, our findings suggest that probiotics have the potential to improve bone health and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, further studies are required to investigate the effect of probiotics on postmenopausal bone health in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shibani Bose
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru570020, India
| | - Kunal Sharan
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru570020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiang B, Zhao Y, Cao Y, Sun C, Lu W, Fang Y. Advances in the Interaction between Food-Derived Nanoparticles and the Intestinal Barrier. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3291-3301. [PMID: 38346354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of the intestinal barrier is crucial for the overall balance of the gut and the organism. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is closely associated with intestinal diseases. In recent years, due to the increased presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in the human diet, there has been a growing concern regarding the safety and potential impact of these NPs on gastrointestinal health. The interactions between food-derived NPs and the intestinal barrier are numerous. This review provides an introduction to the structure and function of the intestinal barrier along with a comprehensive summary of the interactions between food NPs and the intestinal barrier. Additionally, we highlight the potential connection between the food NPs-induced dysfunction of the intestinal barrier and inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, we discuss the enhancement of food NPs on the repair of the intestinal barrier damage and the nutrients absorption. This review holds significant importance in furthering our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of food-derived NPs on the intestinal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Yiguo Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Cao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Cuixia Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Park SW, Choi YH, Gho JY, Kang GA, Kang SS. Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus Cell Lysates and Butyrate on Poly I:C-Induced IL-8 Production in Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1-12. [PMID: 36720771 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Postbiotics include cell lysates (CLs), enzymes, cell wall fragments, and heat-killed bacteria derived from probiotics. Although postbiotics are increasingly being considered for their potential health-promoting properties, the effects of postbiotics on virus-mediated inflammatory responses in the intestine have not been elucidated. Hence, the present study aimed to examine whether CLs of Lactipantibacillus plantarum (LP CL) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LR CL) could inhibit virus-mediated inflammatory responses in the human intestinal epithelial cell line HT-29 in vitro. Pretreatment with LP CL and LR CL significantly inhibited interleukin (IL)-8 production, which was induced by poly I:C, a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses, at the mRNA and protein levels in HT-29 cells. However, peptidoglycans and heat-killed L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus GG did not effectively inhibit IL-8 production. LP CL and LR CL attenuated the poly I:C-induced phosphorylation of ERK and JNK and the activation of NF-κB, suggesting that these CLs could inhibit poly I:C-induced IL-8 production by regulating intracellular signaling pathways in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, among the short-chain fatty acids, butyrate enhanced the inhibitory effect of CLs on poly I:C-induced IL-8 production at the mRNA and protein levels in HT-29 cells, while acetate and propionate did not. Taken together, these results suggest that both LP CL and LR CL could act as potent effector molecules that can inhibit virus-mediated inflammatory responses and confer synergistic inhibitory effects with butyrate in human intestinal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Woo Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyeon Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Gho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Gweon Ah Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Seong Kang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumari K, Kashyap P, Chakrabarti P. Germination and probiotic fermentation: a way to enhance nutritional and biochemical properties of cereals and millets. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:505-518. [PMID: 38274183 PMCID: PMC10805689 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have become increasingly popular as consumers demand balanced nutrition and health benefits from their diet. However, lactose intolerance and allergies to milk proteins may make dairy-based probiotics unsuitable for some individuals. Thus, probiotics derived from cereals and millets have shown promise as an alternative to dairy probiotics. Soaking, germination, and fermentation can reduce the anti-nutritional factors present in cereal grains and improve nutrient quality and bioactive compounds. Biochemical properties of probiotics are positively influenced by fermentation and germination. Thus, the current review provides an overview of the effect of fermentation and germination on the biochemical properties of probiotics. Further, probiotics made from non-dairy sources may prevent intestinal infections, improve lactose metabolism, reduce cholesterol, enhance immunity, improve calcium absorption, protein digestion, and synthesize vitamins. Finally, health-conscious consumers seeking non-dairy probiotic options can now choose from a wider variety of low-cost, phytochemically rich probiotics derived from germinated and fermented cereal grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Kumari
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | - Piyush Kashyap
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411 India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li C, Wang ZX, Xiao H, Wu FG. Intestinal Delivery of Probiotics: Materials, Strategies, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310174. [PMID: 38245861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics with diverse and crucial properties and functions have attracted broad interest from many researchers, who adopt intestinal delivery of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiota. However, the major problems faced for the therapeutic applications of probiotics are the viability and colonization of probiotics during their processing, oral intake, and subsequent delivery to the gut. The challenges of simple oral delivery (stability, controllability, targeting, etc.) have greatly limited the use of probiotics in clinical therapies. Nanotechnology can endow the probiotics to be delivered to the intestine with improved survival rate and increased resistance to the adverse environment. Additionally, the progress in synthetic biology has created new opportunities for efficiently and purposefully designing and manipulating the probiotics. In this article, a brief overview of the types of probiotics for intestinal delivery, the current progress of different probiotic encapsulation strategies, including the chemical, physical, and genetic strategies and their combinations, and the emerging single-cell encapsulation strategies using nanocoating methods, is presented. The action mechanisms of probiotics that are responsible for eliciting beneficial effects are also briefly discussed. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered probiotics are discussed, and the future trends toward developing engineered probiotics with advanced features and improved health benefits are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zi-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Patel N, Dinesh S, Sharma S. From Gut to Glucose: A Comprehensive Review on Functional Foods and Dietary Interventions for Diabetes Management. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e111023222081. [PMID: 37861021 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998266653231005072450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the realm of diabetes research, considerable attention has been directed toward elucidating the intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal tract and glucose regulation. The gastrointestinal tract, once exclusively considered for its role in digestion and nutrient assimilation, is presently acknowledged as a multifaceted ecosystem with regulatory supremacy over metabolic homeostasis and glucose metabolism. Recent studies indicate that alterations in the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota could potentially influence the regulation of glucose levels and glucose homeostasis in the body. Dysbiosis, characterized by perturbations in the equilibrium of gut microbial constituents, has been irrevocably linked to an augmented risk of diabetes mellitus (DM). Moreover, research has revealed the potential influence of the gut microbiota on important factors, like inflammation and insulin sensitivity, which are key contributors to the onset and progression of diabetes. The key protagonists implicated in the regulation of glucose encompass the gut bacteria, gut barrier integrity, and the gut-brain axis. A viable approach to enhance glycemic control while concurrently mitigating the burden of comorbidities associated with diabetes resides in the strategic manipulation of the gut environment through adapted dietary practices. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to provide a deep understanding of the complex relationship between gut health, glucose metabolism, and diabetes treatment. CONCLUSION This study has presented an exhaustive overview of dietary therapies and functional foods that have undergone extensive research to explore their potential advantages in the management of diabetes. It looks into the role of gut health in glucose regulation, discusses the impact of different dietary elements on the course of diabetes, and evaluates how well functional foods can help with glycemic control. Furthermore, it investigates the mechanistic aspects of these therapies, including their influence on insulin sensitivity, β-cell activity, and inflammation. It deliberates on the limitations and potential prospects associated with integrating functional foods into personalized approaches to diabetes care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Patel
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru 560043, India
| | - Susha Dinesh
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru 560043, India
| | - Sameer Sharma
- Department of Bioinformatics, BioNome, Bengaluru 560043, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
DiMattia Z, Damani JJ, Van Syoc E, Rogers CJ. Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Intestinal Permeability in Overweight and Obesity: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Animal Studies. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100162. [PMID: 38072119 PMCID: PMC10771892 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with increased intestinal permeability, characterized by loss of gut epithelial integrity, resulting in unregulated passage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other inflammatory triggers into circulation, i.e., metabolic endotoxemia. In obesity, shifts in the gut microbiome negatively impact intestinal permeability. Probiotics are an intervention that can target the gut microbiome by introducing beneficial microbial species, potentially restoring gut barrier integrity. Currently, the role of probiotic supplementation in ameliorating obesity- and overweight-associated increases in gut permeability has not been reviewed. This systematic review aimed to summarize findings from both animal and clinical studies that evaluated the effect of probiotic supplementation on obesity-induced impairment in intestinal permeability (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, CRD42022363538). A literature search was conducted using PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, and CAB Direct from origin until August 2023 using keywords of intestinal permeability, overweight or obesity, and probiotic supplementation. Of 920 records, 26 eligible records were included, comprising 12 animal and 14 clinical studies. Clinical trials ranged from 3 to 26 wk and were mostly parallel-arm (n = 13) or crossover (n = 1) design. In both animal and clinical studies, plasma/serum LPS was the most common measure of intestinal permeability. Eleven of 12 animal studies reported a positive effect of probiotic supplementation in reducing intestinal permeability. However, results from clinical trials were inconsistent, with half reporting reductions in serum LPS and half reporting no differences after probiotic supplementation. Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia emerged as the most common genera in probiotic formulations among the animal and clinical studies that yielded positive results, suggesting that specific bacteria may be more effective at reducing intestinal permeability and improving gut barrier function. However, better standardization of strain use, dosage, duration, and the delivery matrix is needed to fully understand the probiotic impact on intestinal permeability in individuals with overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary DiMattia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Janhavi J Damani
- The Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Integrative and Biomedical Physiology, Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Emily Van Syoc
- Integrative and Biomedical Physiology and Clinical and Translational Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; The Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Connie J Rogers
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Debnath N, Yadav P, Mehta PK, Gupta P, Kumar D, Kumar A, Gautam V, Yadav AK. Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:100-117. [PMID: 37881101 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabendu Debnath
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Praveen K Mehta
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| | - Priyamvada Gupta
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
| | - Vibhav Gautam
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lyu Q, Chen RA, Chuang HL, Zou HB, Liu L, Sung LK, Liu PY, Wu HY, Chang HY, Cheng WJ, Wu WK, Wu MS, Hsu CC. Bifidobacterium alleviate metabolic disorders via converting methionine to 5'-methylthioadenosine. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2300847. [PMID: 38439565 PMCID: PMC10936671 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2300847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary patterns and corresponding gut microbiota profiles are associated with various health conditions. A diet rich in polyphenols, primarily plant-based, has been shown to promote the growth of probiotic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, subsequently reducing the risk of metabolic disorders in the host. The beneficial effects of these bacteria are largely due to the specific metabolites they produce, such as short-chain fatty acids and membrane proteins. In this study, we employed a metabolomics-guided bioactive metabolite identification platform that included bioactivity testing using in vitro and in vivo assays to discover a bioactive metabolite produced from probiotic bacteria. Through this approach, we identified 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) as a probiotic bacterial-derived metabolite with anti-obesity properties. Furthermore, our findings indicate that MTA administration has several regulatory impacts on liver functions, including modulating fatty acid synthesis and glucose metabolism. The present study elucidates the intricate interplay between dietary habits, gut microbiota, and their resultant metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rou-An Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Li Chuang
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Bai Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lihong Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kang Sung
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yuan Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ju Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The remarkable diversity of lymphocytes, essential components of the immune system, serves as an ingenious mechanism for maximizing the efficient utilization of limited host defense resources. While cell adhesion molecules, notably in gut-tropic T cells, play a central role in this mechanism, the counterbalancing molecular details have remained elusive. Conversely, we've uncovered the molecular pathways enabling extracellular vesicles secreted by lymphocytes to reach the gut's mucosal tissues, facilitating immunological regulation. This discovery sheds light on immune fine-tuning, offering insights into immune regulation mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunari Matsuzaka
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryu Yashiro
- Administrative Section of Radiation Protection, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen M, Wang Z, Tan DS, Wang X, Ye Z, Xie Z, Zhang D, Wu D, Zhao Y, Qu Y, Jiang Y. The Causal Relationship between the Morning Chronotype and the Gut Microbiota: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 16:46. [PMID: 38201876 PMCID: PMC10780629 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous observational studies have documented an association between the circadian rhythm and the composition of the gut microbiota. However, the bidirectional causal effect of the morning chronotype on the gut microbiota is unknown. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization study was performed, using the summary statistics of the morning chronotype from the European Consortium and those of the gut microbiota from the largest available genome-wide association study meta-analysis, conducted by the MiBioGen consortium. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW), weighted mode, weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and simple mode methods were used to examine the causal association between the morning chronotype and the gut microbiota. A reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted on the gut microbiota, which was identified as causally linked to the morning chronotype in the initial Mendelian randomization analysis. Cochran's Q statistics were employed to assess the heterogeneity of the instrumental variables. RESULTS Inverse variance-weighted estimates suggested that the morning chronotype had a protective effect on Family Bacteroidaceae (β = -0.072; 95% CI: -0.143, -0.001; p = 0.047), Genus Parabacteroides (β = -0.112; 95% CI: -0.184, -0.039; p = 0.002), and Genus Bacteroides (β = -0.072; 95% CI: -0.143, -0.001; p = 0.047). In addition, the gut microbiota (Family Bacteroidaceae (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.857, 0.999; p = 0.047), Genus Parabacteroides (OR = 0.915; 95% CI: 0.858, 0.975; p = 0.007), and Genus Bacteroides (OR = 0.925; 95% CI: 0.857, 0.999; p = 0.047)) demonstrated positive effects on the morning chronotype. No significant heterogeneity in the instrumental variables, or in horizontal pleiotropy, was found. CONCLUSION This two-sample Mendelian randomization study found that Family Bacteroidaceae, Genus Parabacteroides, and Genus Bacteroides were causally associated with the morning chronotype. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the effects of the gut microbiota on the morning chronotype, as well as their specific protective mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Chen
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Din Son Tan
- Vanke School of Public Health and Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health and Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zichen Ye
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhilan Xie
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Daqian Zhang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuankai Zhao
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yimin Qu
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bryant KL, Hansen C, Hecht EE. Fermentation technology as a driver of human brain expansion. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1190. [PMID: 37996482 PMCID: PMC10667226 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tissue is metabolically expensive. Consequently, the evolution of humans' large brains must have occurred via concomitant shifts in energy expenditure and intake. Proposed mechanisms include dietary shifts such as cooking. Importantly, though, any new food source must have been exploitable by hominids with brains a third the size of modern humans'. Here, we propose the initial metabolic trigger of hominid brain expansion was the consumption of externally fermented foods. We define "external fermentation" as occurring outside the body, as opposed to the internal fermentation in the gut. External fermentation could increase the bioavailability of macro- and micronutrients while reducing digestive energy expenditure and is supported by the relative reduction of the human colon. We discuss the explanatory power of our hypothesis and survey external fermentation practices across human cultures to demonstrate its viability across a range of environments and food sources. We close with suggestions for empirical tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Bryant
- Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.
| | - Christi Hansen
- Hungry Heart Farm and Dietary Consulting, Conley, GA, USA
| | - Erin E Hecht
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Toon A, Bailey S, Roelands B. Effects of Nutritional Interventions on Athletic Performance. Nutrients 2023; 15:4498. [PMID: 37960151 PMCID: PMC10649019 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The search to comprehend the fundamental physiological factors that contribute to the exceptional endurance performance of elite human athletes is a long-standing endeavor within the field of sports science research [...].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ampe Toon
- Human Physiology & Sport Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;
| | - Stephen Bailey
- Department of Physical Therapy Education, Elon University, Elon, NC 27244, USA;
| | - Bart Roelands
- Human Physiology & Sport Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Ixelles, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shoris I, Gover A, Toropine A, Iofe A, Zoabi-Safadi R, Tsuprun S, Riskin A. "Light" on Phototherapy-Complications and Strategies for Shortening Its Duration, A Review of the Literature. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1699. [PMID: 37892362 PMCID: PMC10605061 DOI: 10.3390/children10101699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is an extremely common metabolic complication of the neonatal period which may be associated with bilirubin encephalopathy and even death. Adverse neurological consequences are preventable if a timely diagnosis and treatment are provided. Phototherapy is usually the preferred option to decrease hyperbilirubinemia. Although considered to be safe, evidence in recent years has shown that this treatment may not be free of side effects and short- and long-term unfavorable outcomes. These are usually mild or rare, but should be decreased or avoided if possible. Many useful complementary measures and treatments have been described that could shorten the duration of exposure to phototherapy. However, there is no current unequivocal recommendation to use any of the methods presented in this review. Our review aims to depict the wide range of possible complementary treatments to phototherapy, and to provide the scientific and clinical evidence available regarding their usefulness. It is essential that, while utilizing the full potential of phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia, caregivers are aware of its side effects and possible inherent dangers, and seek ways to minimize the exposure to phototherapy to what is really needed for the newborn. Further studies are needed to clarify the preferred complementary treatments that could reduce the duration of exposure to phototherapy without impairing its effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irit Shoris
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Ayala Gover
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Arina Toropine
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Adir Iofe
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Rasha Zoabi-Safadi
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Svetlana Tsuprun
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| | - Arieh Riskin
- Department of Neonatology, Bnai Zion Medical Center, 47 Golomb Street, P.O. Box 4940, Haifa 31048, Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9697, Haifa 32000, Israel; (I.S.); (A.G.); (A.T.); (A.I.); (R.Z.-S.); (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deng X, Yang J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Wang C, Suo H, Song J. An Update on the Pivotal Roles of Probiotics, Their Components, and Metabolites in Preventing Colon Cancer. Foods 2023; 12:3706. [PMID: 37835359 PMCID: PMC10572180 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet, lifestyle, and gut microbiota composition are key risk factors for the progression of colon cancer. Probiotics are living microorganisms that can offer health benefits to the parasitifer when ingested in competent quantities. Several in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies have demonstrated that probiotics can prevent and mitigate the development of colon cancer. The anti-colon cancer mechanisms of probiotics include the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of cancer cell apoptosis, immunomodulation, the modulation of intestinal microorganisms and their metabolism, strengthening the intestinal barrier, and antioxidant effects. This article describes the pathogenesis of colon cancer and the available therapeutic options. In addition, this paper reviews the mechanisms by which probiotics mitigate colon cancer as well as the mitigating effects of probiotic components and metabolites on colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Jing Yang
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Processing & Storage of Distinct Agricultural Products, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China;
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| | - Huayi Suo
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400712, China
| | - Jiajia Song
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (X.D.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.); (C.W.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jackson R, Rajadhyaksha EV, Loeffler RS, Flores CE, Van Doorslaer K. Characterization of 3D organotypic epithelial tissues reveals tonsil-specific differences in tonic interferon signaling. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292368. [PMID: 37792852 PMCID: PMC10550192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques can recapitulate the stratified nature of multicellular epithelial tissues. Organotypic 3D epithelial tissue culture methods have several applications, including the study of tissue development and function, drug discovery and toxicity testing, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of tissue-engineered constructs for use in regenerative medicine. We grew 3D organotypic epithelial tissues from foreskin, cervix, and tonsil-derived primary cells and characterized the transcriptome of these in vitro tissue equivalents. Using the same 3D culturing method, all three tissues yielded stratified squamous epithelium, validated histologically using basal and superficial epithelial cell markers. The goal of this study was to use RNA-seq to compare gene expression patterns in these three types of epithelial tissues to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their function and identify potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. Functional profiling by over-representation and gene set enrichment analysis revealed tissue-specific differences: i.e., cutaneous homeostasis and lipid metabolism in foreskin, extracellular matrix remodeling in cervix, and baseline innate immune differences in tonsil. Specifically, tonsillar epithelia may play an active role in shaping the immune microenvironment of the tonsil balancing inflammation and immune responses in the face of constant exposure to microbial insults. Overall, these data serve as a resource, with gene sets made available for the research community to explore, and as a foundation for understanding the epithelial heterogeneity and how it may impact their in vitro use. An online resource is available to investigate these data (https://viz.datascience.arizona.edu/3DEpiEx/).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jackson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Esha V. Rajadhyaksha
- College of Medicine and College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Reid S. Loeffler
- Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn E. Flores
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Immunobiology, Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bahuguna A, Dubey SK. Overview of the Mechanistic Potential of Probiotics and Prebiotics in Cancer Chemoprevention. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2300221. [PMID: 37552810 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite of strides in modern cancer therapeutic strategies, there has not been a successful cure for it until now and prognostic side effects and substantial toxicity to chemotherapy and subsequent homeostatic imbalance remains a major concern for professionals in this field. The significance of the human microbiome in the pathogenesis of cancer is being recognized, documented, and established worldwide. Probiotics and prebiotics are some of the most extensively researched approaches to modulate the microbiota for therapeutic purposes, and research on their potential to prevent and treat cancer has sparked an immense amount of interest. The characteristics of probiotics and prebiotics allow for an array of efficient applications in cancer preventive measures. Probiotics can also be administered coupled with chemotherapy and surgery to alleviate their side effects and help promote the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs. Besides showing promising results they are accompanied by potential risks and controversies that may eventually result in clinical repercussions. This review emphasizes the mechanistic potential and oncosuppressive effects of probiotic and prebiotics through maintenance of intestinal barrier function, modifying innate immune system, immunomodulation, intestinal microbiota metabolism, inhibition of host cell proliferation, preventing pathogen colonization, and exerting selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Bahuguna
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Shiv Kumar Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, C.B.S.H., G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Shah BR, Hakeem WA, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj RK. Effect of synbiotic supplementation on production performance and severity of necrotic enteritis in broilers during an experimental necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102959. [PMID: 37619505 PMCID: PMC10470215 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic during a necrotic enteritis (NE) infection, a total of 360 day-old chicks were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups in a 2 × 2 factorial setup: control, challenge, synbiotic (1 g/kg), and challenge + synbiotic, with 6 replicates. NE was induced by gavaging 1 × 104Eimeria maxima oocysts and 1 × 108 CFU/mL of Clostridium perfringens on d 14 (D14) and D19, 20, and 21, respectively. At D35, the NE challenge decreased the BW gain (P < 0.001) and increased feed conversion ratio (P = 0.03), whereas synbiotic supplementation decreased the feed intake (P = 0.04). At D21, NE challenge increased gut permeability (P < 0.001), decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the cecal tonsil (CT) (P = 0.02), increased Tregs in the spleen (P = 0.02), decreased nitric oxide (NO) production in the spleen (P = 0.04) and decreased IL-10 expression in CT (P = 0.02), whereas synbiotic supplementation increased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in the spleen (P < 0.001) and decreased interferon (IFN)-γ expression in the jejunum (P = 0.07), however, synbiotic supplementation during NE challenge decreased mid-gut lesion score (P < 0.001), increased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in CT and decreased IgA production in bile (P < 0.001), compared to the control group. At D28, synbiotic supplementation decreased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in CT (P < 0.001), whereas synbiotic supplementation during NE challenge decreased Tregs in CT (P < 0.001) and increased NO production in the spleen (P = 0.04), compared to the control group. At D35, the NE challenge decreased CD4+:CD8+ T cells in the spleen (P = 0.03), decreased IgA production in bile (P = 0.02), decreased IL-10 expression in CT (P = 0.04), and decreased IL-10 (P = 0.009), IFN-γ (P = 0.03) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P = 0.02) expression in the jejunum, whereas synbiotic supplementation increased Tregs in the spleen (P = 0.04), compared to control group. Synbiotic supplementation during the NE challenge decreased both IL-1β (P = 0.02) and IFN-γ (P = 0.001) expression in CT, compared to the control group. It can be concluded that synbiotic supplementation increases production performance by decreasing mid-gut lesions and enhancing protective immunity against NE, and efficiency of synbiotic could be improved by blending additional probiotics and prebiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bikas R Shah
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Walid A Hakeem
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, Agriculture Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang Z, Zhou Y, Luo A, Heng X, Liu J, Wang H, Chu W. Lactobacillus salivarius CPU-01 Ameliorates Temozolomide-Induced Intestinal Mucositis by Modulating Gut Microbiota, Maintaining Intestinal Barrier, and Blocking Pro-inflammatory Cytokines. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:1079-1091. [PMID: 35639268 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis is one of the major toxic side effects in the treatment of cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to screen lactic acid bacteria which could alleviate intestinal inflammation and damage induced by chemotherapeutic agents and explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Lactobacillus salivarius CPU-01 was selected from traditional Chinese fermented foods due to its protective effects on the toxicity of temozolomide in Caenorhabditis elegans. Eighteen ICR mice were randomly divided into 3 groups including control group, temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis group, and temozolomide + L. salivarius CPU-01 group, and were used to investigate the effect of L. salivarius CPU-01 on chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis. It has been demonstrated that the administration of L. salivarius CPU-01 can prevent colon shortening and alleviate colon tissue damage caused by temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. L. salivarius CPU-01 relieved the intestinal microbiota disorders caused by temozolomide and contributed to the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, Clostridia UCG - 014_norank, and Akkermansia. In vivo experiments also indicated that L. salivarius CPU-01 can suppress the level of temozolomide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and mRNA expression in the small intestine tissues. It was also found that L. salivarius CPU-01 significantly increased the expressions of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins, ZO-1, and Occludin proteins in mice treated with temozolomide. These findings suggest that L. salivarius CPU-01 can ameliorate temozolomide-induced intestinal mucositis by modulating gut microbiota, blocking pro-inflammatory cytokines, and repairing the intestinal barrier. These findings suggest probiotics may serve as a potential alternative therapeutic strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Aoxiang Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xing Heng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jinqiu Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Huafu Wang
- Lishui People's Hospital, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Weihua Chu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hussain A, Akram S, Ahmad D, Rehman M, Ahmed A, Ali SA. Molecular Assessment and Validation of the Selected Enterococcal Strains as Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6. [PMID: 37731160 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are live microorganisms which confer health benefits to the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as probiotics since decades. Enterococci being the member of LAB have proven probiotic strains; therefore, this study was aimed at finding out the potential probiotic candidates from the pool of locally isolated strains. For initial screening, one hundred and twenty-two strains were selected and subjected to different confirmatory and phenotypic tests to choose the best strains that have potential probiotic criteria, i.e., no potential virulence traits, antibiotic resistance, and having tolerance properties. Keeping this criterion, only eleven strains (n = 11) were selected for further assessment. All virulence traits such as production of hemolysin, gelatinase, biofilm, and DNase were performed and not found in the tested strains. The molecular assessment indicates the presence of few virulence-associated genes in Enterococcus faecalis strains with variable frequency. The phenotypic and genotypic assessments of antibiotic resistance profile indicate that the selected strain was susceptible to ten commonly used antibiotics, and there were no transferrable antibiotic resistance genes. The presence of CRISPR-Cas genes also confirmed the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Various enterocin-producing genes like EntP, EntB, EntA, and EntQ were also identified in the selected strains which make them promising probiotic lead strains. Different tolerance assays like acid, NaCl, and gastric juice tolerance that mimic host conditions was also evaluated by providing artificial conditions. Cellular adhesion and aggregation properties like auto- and co-aggregation were also checked and their results reflect all in the favor of lead probiotic strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ahmed
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lenoir M, Wienke J, Fardao-Beyler F, Roese N. An 8-Week Course of Bifidobacterium longum 35624 ® Is Associated with a Reduction in the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10151-w. [PMID: 37702965 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the disorders most frequently diagnosed by gastroenterologists. Probiotics are promising tools for the management of IBS. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of a probiotic (Bifidobacterium longum 35624®) in adults (aged 18 or over) with IBS (as defined by the Rome IV criteria). In an open-label, observational, post-market study conducted in Germany, adults with IBS and a prior recommendation for the intake of B. longum 35624® were recruited by family physicians. During the 8-week course of treatment, the study participants filled out a weekly questionnaire that enabled calculation of a total IBS symptom score (TISS, the sum of abdominal pain, bloating, passage of gas, constipation, and diarrhea individual symptom scores) and the well-known IBS severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) score. Thirty-seven patients were included. The course of B. longum 35624® was associated with a significant reduction (43.4%) in the TISS vs. baseline. The mean individual symptom grades for passage of gas and bloating fell significantly from "moderate" at baseline to "very mild to mild" after 8 weeks of treatment, whereas those for abdominal pain and diarrhea fell significantly from "mild to moderate" to "very mild to mild." Over 60% of the participants achieved clinically meaningful reductions in the TISS (> 30%) and the IBS-SSS score (> 50 points). The effectiveness of B. longum 35624® was rated as "good to satisfactory" by study participants and the investigating physicians. One mild adverse event (nausea) was potentially linked to the study treatment. We conclude that an 8-week course of B. longum 35624® was associated with significant, clinically meaningful symptom relief in a typical population of adult patients with IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Lenoir
- Biocodex SAS, 7 Avenue Gallieni, F-94257, Gentilly, France
| | - Jörg Wienke
- , Ritastrasse 2, D-40589 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Nadine Roese
- MEDICE Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH & Co. KG, Kuhloweg 37, D-58638, Iserlohn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Díaz AB, Durán-Guerrero E, Valiente S, Castro R, Lasanta C. Development and Characterization of Probiotic Beers with Saccharomyces boulardii as an Alternative to Conventional Brewer's Yeast. Foods 2023; 12:2912. [PMID: 37569181 PMCID: PMC10418778 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new non-dairy probiotic foods is interesting, given lactose intolerance, milk allergies, and the growing trend of vegetarianism. In this paper, beer has been used as a probiotic delivery matrix, using Saccharomyces boulardii as an alternative to conventional brewer's yeast. The strain was able to grow in worts prepared with hops containing different alpha-acid concentrations, attaining in all cases a final cell concentration above 1·108 cells mL-1. Some differences were found in the physicochemical parameters of beers brewed with S. boulardii compared to those brewed with a standard brewer's yeast. Probiotic beers turned out to be less cloudy, which could help with a possible filtering step; less alcoholic in some cases; a healthier alternative; and with a slightly lower pH, interesting for the reduction of spoilage risk. Thirty volatile compounds were determined in the samples, and, in general, the beers brewed with the probiotic yeast presented significantly higher concentrations for the majority of the studied volatile compounds. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis was successfully performed to differentiate the beers obtained in terms of their volatile composition. Probiotic and standard beers were also subjected to sensory analysis, and they presented similar results in their overall impression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Díaz
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (A.B.D.); (S.V.); (C.L.)
| | - Enrique Durán-Guerrero
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Sergio Valiente
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (A.B.D.); (S.V.); (C.L.)
| | - Remedios Castro
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain;
| | - Cristina Lasanta
- Chemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Faculty of Sciences-IVAGRO, University of Cadiz, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence (CeiA3), Polígono Río San Pedro, s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (A.B.D.); (S.V.); (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Racines MP, Solis MN, Šefcová MA, Herich R, Larrea-Álvarez M, Revajová V. An Overview of the Use and Applications of Limosilactobacillus fermentum in Broiler Chickens. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1944. [PMID: 37630504 PMCID: PMC10459855 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The implementation of government regulations on antibiotic use, along with the public's concern for drug resistance, has strengthened interest in developing alternatives not only aimed at preserving animal production but also at reducing the effects of pathogenic infections. Probiotics, in particular, are considered microorganisms that induce health benefits in the host after consumption of adequate amounts; they have been established as a potential strategy for improving growth, especially by stimulating intestinal homeostasis. Probiotics are commonly associated with lactic acid bacteria, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum is a well-studied species recognized for its favorable characteristics, including adhesion to epithelial cells, production of antimicrobial compounds, and activation of receptors that prompt the transcription of immune-associated genes. Recently, this species has been used in animal production. Different studies have shown that the application of L. fermentum strains not only improves the intestinal ecosystem but also reduces the effects caused by potentially pathogenic microorganisms. These studies have also revealed key insights into the mechanisms behind the actions exerted by this probiotic. In this manuscript, we aim to provide a concise overview of the effects of L. fermentum administration on broiler chicken health and performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Racines
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Maria Nicole Solis
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Miroslava Anna Šefcová
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Róbert Herich
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Marco Larrea-Álvarez
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Enrique Ortega Moreira, Carrera de Medicina, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón 092301, Ecuador; (M.P.R.); (M.N.S.); (M.A.Š.)
| | - Viera Revajová
- Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Summer M, Ali S, Fiaz U, Tahir HM, Ijaz M, Mumtaz S, Mushtaq R, Khan R, Shahzad H, Fiaz H. Therapeutic and immunomodulatory role of probiotics in breast cancer: A mechanistic review. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:296. [PMID: 37486419 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become the most prevalent and noxious type of malignancy around the globe (Giaquinto et al., 2022). Multiple clinical strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy have been in practice to manage breast cancer. Besides the protective roles of conventional remedial approaches, and non-reversible and deteriorative impacts like healthy cell damage, organ failure, etc., the world scientific community is in a continuous struggle to find some alternative biocompatible and comparatively safe solutions. Among novel breast cancer management/treatment options, the role of probiotics has become immensely important. The current review encompasses the prevalence statistics of breast cancer across the globe concerning developed and undeveloped counties, intestinal microbiota linkage with breast cancer, and association of breast microbiome with breast carcinoma. Furthermore, this review also narrates the role of probiotics against breast cancer and their mode of action. In Vivo and In Vitro studies under breast cancer research regarding probiotics are mechanistically explained. The current review systematically explains the immunomodulatory role of probiotics to prevent breast cancer. Last, but not the least, current review concludes the use of probiotics in the treatment of breast cancer through various mechanisms and future recommendations for molecular basis studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Summer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Umaima Fiaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Mumtaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mushtaq
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rida Khan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hashim Fiaz
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ammer-ul-din Medical College Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nofouzi K, Hamidian G. Immuno-modulatory Effects of Inactivated Dietzia Maris on the Selected Aspects of Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses in Mice. Adv Biomed Res 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 37694256 PMCID: PMC10492598 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_121_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The current study is an attempt to register the alterations in the immunological and histological parameters in mice arising from the administration of Dietza maris (D. maris) in order to confirm its protective properties. Materials and Methods Mice underwent 7 days of treatment with three doses of D. maris. Then, animals were scrutinized in terms of body weight, relative weight of organs, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and hemagglutination titer (HT). The determination of villus height, villus width, crypt depth, villus/crypt ratio (V/C), Goblet cells, and intestinal epithelial lymphocyte (IEL) density in villi was carried out. Results A boosted DTH response was observed as a result of bacteria at medium dose. A variation was noted between the hemagglutinin titer of the control group and that of the high-dose group. Crypt depth, villus width, and villus height manifested alterations. High-dose-treated mice demonstrated proliferation of Goblet cells in the villi, whereas both in medium- and high-dose-treated mice, a distribution of IELs in the villus epithelium was noted. Overall, D. maris showed a stimulatory effect on immune functions in mice. Thus, thanks to improved cellular and humoral immunity and the increased quality of intestine function, we believe that D. maris promises novel therapeutic applications in the future. Conclusion The attained findings lend credence to immuno-stimulatory effects arising from the capacity of D. maris to function as immunological adjuvants and to enhance humoral and cellular immunity as well as the intestinal structure and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katayoon Nofouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hamidian
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gao T, Wang X, Li Y, Ren F. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Health and Related Gut-Skin Axis: A Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:3123. [PMID: 37513540 PMCID: PMC10385652 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging skin, wrinkles, pigmentation, and dryness are problems that plague people, and researchers are working to solve them. Recent studies have shown that intestinal microbiota homeostasis can influence skin health, demonstrating the existence of a gut-skin axis. Recently, improving skin health through probiotic interventions has been proposed, and micro-ecological skin care is becoming a popular concept. By regulating skin health and gut-skin axis interactions, probiotics can be used as potential management tools to suppress and improve skin diseases in multiple ways, including decreasing oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, and keeping immune effects. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of the application and mechanisms of probiotic-mediated gut microbiota homeostasis in skin care and to offer a theoretical basis for the application of probiotics in skin care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yang S, Liu G, Savelkoul HFJ, Jansen CA, Li B. Mini-review: microbiota have potential to prevent PEDV infection by improved intestinal barrier. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230937. [PMID: 37503350 PMCID: PMC10369048 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection poses a significant threat to the global pig industry. Current prevention and control strategies are inadequate in protecting pigs from new PEDV variants. This review aims to examine the relationship between PEDV and intestinal microbes, and investigate whether modulating intestinal microbes could affect PEDV infection. The mechanisms by which various intestinal microbes affect viral infection were initially introduced. Intestinal microbes can influence enteric viral infection through direct contact, such as binding, or by affecting interferons (IFNs) production and the intestinal barrier. Influencing the intestinal barrier by microbes can impact PEDV infection in young piglets. To narrow down the range of microbes that may influence PEDV infection, this review summarized microbes that change after infection. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bacterial cell components, and toxins from microbes were identified as important mediators affecting PEDV infection. SCFAs primarily strengthen the intestinal barrier and inhibit intestinal inflammation, while bacterial cell components and toxins are more likely to damage the intestinal barrier. Therefore, this review hypothesizes that fecal transplantation, which allows the host to colonize more SCFAs-producing microbes, may prevent PEDV infection. However, these hypotheses require further proof, and the transplantation of intestinal microbes in pigs requires more exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Guangliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christine A. Jansen
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao Z, Sun M, Cui X, Chen J, Liu C, Zhang X. Bacillus coagulans MZY531 alleviates intestinal mucosal injury in immunosuppressive mice via modulating intestinal barrier, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11181. [PMID: 37429891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38379-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus coagulans has a potential role in improving intestinal injury. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the protective effect of B. coagulans MZY531 on intestinal mucosa injury in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced immunosuppressed mice were investigated. The results indicated that the immune organ (thymus and spleen) indices of B. coagulans MZY531 treatment groups were significantly increased compared to the CYP group. B. coagulans MZY531 administration promotes the expression of immune proteins (IgA, IgE, IgG, and IgM). B. coagulans MZY531 could upregulate the ileum levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 in immunosuppressed mice. Moreover, B. coagulans MZY531 restores the villus height and crypt depth of the jejunum and alleviates injury of intestinal endothelial cells caused by CYP. Furthermore, the western blotting results showed that B. coagulans MZY531 ameliorated CYP-induced intestinal mucosal injury and inflammatory via up-regulates the ZO-1 pathway and down-regulates the expression of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. After treatment with B. coagulans MZY531, the relative abundance of Firmicutes phylum was dramatically increased, as well as the genera of Prevotella and Bifidobacterium, and reducing harmful bacteria. These findings suggested that B. coagulans MZY531 has a potential immunomodulatory activity on chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Zhao
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
- College of Special Education, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Manqing Sun
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmu Cui
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Special Education, Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yin Y, Liao Y, Li J, Pei Z, Wang L, Shi Y, Peng H, Tan Y, Li C, Bai H, Ma C, Gong Y, Wei T, Peng H. Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 benefits growth performance and improves functions of intestinal barrier/intestinal flora among yellow-feathered broilers. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1195382. [PMID: 37465686 PMCID: PMC10351386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1195382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus plantarum has recently been found to be a natural source feed additive bacteria with great advantages in food safety and animal welfare. Discovering novel strains with commercial application potentiation could benefit the local poultry industry, and in particular support Chinese farmers. In this study, we tested a recently isolated novel strain of Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 as a feed additive on the growth performance and intestinal barrier functions of 1-day-old Chinese yellow-feather chicks. As good as other commercial probiotics, feeding with Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 showed significant improvements in humoral immune responses and enhanced the immune effect after vaccination for either the Newcastle disease vaccine or the avian influenza vaccine. This study also found that feeding with Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 improved the feed-to-weight ratio and caused a significant increase of the villus length to crypt depth ratio. Furthermore, Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of CLDN, MUC2, and TLR2, all of which are jejunum-associated barrier genes, indicating an improvement of the intestinal barrier functions by enhancing the tight junction between epithelia cells. These results are comparable to the effects of feeding the commercial complex probiotics that improve the expression levels of CLDN, ocludin, MUC2, TLR2, and TLR4. In terms of maintaining intestinal health, commercial complex probiotics increased the relative abundance of Parabacteroides and Romboutsia, while Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 increased the relative abundance of Pseudoflavonifractor. Our data suggest that Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 could enhance the intestinal absorption of nutrients and therefore improve the growth performance of Chinese yellow-feather chicks. In conclusion, compared with the commercial complex probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum GX17 has more positive effects on the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of yellow-feather chickens, and can be used as a feed additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuying Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Pei
- Virginia Tech, Department of Engineering, Blacksburg, New York, NY, United States
| | - Leping Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongyan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yizhou Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Changting Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Huili Bai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Chunxia Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Guizhou Provincial Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Management Station, Guiyang, China
| | - Tianchao Wei
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of China(Guangxi)-Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Cross-border Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Nanning, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng W, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Ding L, Yao W. The synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protects intestinal barrier dysfunction and apoptosis in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:80. [PMID: 37301956 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactulose as an effective prebiotic protects intestinal mucosal injury. Bacillus coagulans is widely used in feed additives because of its ability to promote intestinal health. Our previous study suggests that the combination of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans may be a good candidate as alternative for antibiotic growth promoters. However, the in vivo effects of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on growth and intestinal health under immune challenge in piglets remains unclear. The objective of this study is to explore the protective effects of synbiotic containing lactulose and Bacillus coagulans on the intestinal mucosal injury and barrier dysfunction under immune challenge in weaned piglets. METHODS Twenty four weaned piglets were assigned to 4 groups. Piglets in the CON-saline and LPS-LPS group were fed the basal diet, while others were fed either with chlortetracycline (CTC) or synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans for 32 d before injection of saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Piglets were sacrificed 4 h after LPS injection to collect samples to determine intestinal morphology, integrity and barrier functions as well as relative genes and proteins. RESULTS Our data showed that no differences were observed in the growth performance of the four test groups. LPS injection induced higher serum diamine oxidase activities, D-lactic acid levels, and endotoxin status, lower villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth, greater mRNA and lower protein expression related tight junction in both jejunum and ileum. In addition, a higher apoptosis index, and protein expression of Bax and caspase-3 were also observed in the LPS challenge group. Interestingly, dietary synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans protected against LPS-induced intestinal damage, barrier dysfunction and higher apoptosis as well as CTC. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that dietary supplementation of synbiotic mixture with lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed resilience to LPS-induced intestinal morphological damage, barrier dysfunction and aggressive apoptosis in piglets as well as the protective effects of CTC. These results indicate that synbiotic mixture of lactulose and Bacillus coagulans showed beneficial effects on performance and resilience to acute immune stress in weaned piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijiang Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunnan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liren Ding
- National Experimental Teaching Center for Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
- Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mishra G, Singh P, Molla M, Yimer YS, Dinda SC, Chandra P, Singh BK, Dagnew SB, Assefa AN, Ewunetie A. Harnessing the potential of probiotics in the treatment of alcoholic liver disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1212742. [PMID: 37361234 PMCID: PMC10287977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1212742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current scenario, prolonged consumption of alcohol across the globe is upsurging an appreciable number of patients with the risk of alcohol-associated liver diseases. According to the recent report, the gut-liver axis is crucial in the progression of alcohol-induced liver diseases, including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite several factors associated with alcoholic liver diseases, the complexity of the gut microflora and its great interaction with the liver have become a fascinating area for researchers due to the high exposure of the liver to free radicals, bacterial endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides, inflammatory markers, etc. Undoubtedly, alcohol-induced gut microbiota imbalance stimulates dysbiosis, disrupts the intestinal barrier function, and trigger immune as well as inflammatory responses which further aggravate hepatic injury. Since currently available drugs to mitigate liver disorders have significant side effects, hence, probiotics have been widely researched to alleviate alcohol-associated liver diseases and to improve liver health. A broad range of probiotic bacteria like Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Escherichia coli, Sacchromyces, and Lactococcus are used to reduce or halt the progression of alcohol-associated liver diseases. Several underlying mechanisms, including alteration of the gut microbiome, modulation of intestinal barrier function and immune response, reduction in the level of endotoxins, and bacterial translocation, have been implicated through which probiotics can effectively suppress the occurrence of alcohol-induced liver disorders. This review addresses the therapeutic applications of probiotics in the treatment of alcohol-associated liver diseases. Novel insights into the mechanisms by which probiotics prevent alcohol-associated liver diseases have also been elaborated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Mishra
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Pradeep Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Mulugeta Molla
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Shumet Yimer
- Social Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Phool Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India
| | | | - Samuel Berihun Dagnew
- Clinical Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Nigussie Assefa
- Social Pharmacy Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Amien Ewunetie
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pagnini C, Di Paolo MC, Urgesi R, Pallotta L, Fanello G, Graziani MG, Delle Fave G. Safety and Potential Role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Administration as Monotherapy in Ulcerative Colitis Patients with Mild-Moderate Clinical Activity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1381. [PMID: 37374884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms that confer benefits to the host, and, for this reason, they have been proposed in several pathologic states. Specifically, probiotic bacteria have been investigated as a therapeutic option in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, but clinical results are dishomogeneous. In particular, many probiotic species with different therapeutic schemes have been proposed, but no study has investigated probiotics in monotherapy in adequate trials for the induction of remission. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) is the more intensively studied probiotic and it has ideal characteristics for utilization in UC patients. The aim of the present study is to investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of LGG administration in an open trial, delivered in monotherapy at two different doses, in UC patients with mild-moderate disease. The UC patients with mild-moderate disease activity (Partial Mayo score ≥ 2) despite treatment with oral mesalamine were included. The patients stopped oral mesalamine and were followed up for one month, then were randomized to receive LGG supplement at dose of 1.2 or 2.4 × 1010 CFU/day for one month. At the end of the study, the clinical activity was evaluated and compared to that at the study entrance (efficacy). Adverse events were recorded (safety). The primary end-point was clinical improvement (reduction in the Partial Mayo score) and no serious adverse events, while the secondary end-points were the evaluation of different efficacies and safeties between the two doses of LGG. The patients with disease flares dropped out of the study and went back to standard therapy. The efficacy data were analyzed in an intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis. Out of the 76 patients included in the study, 75 started the probiotic therapy (n = 38 and 37 per group). In the ITT analysis, 32/76 (42%) responded to treatment, 21/76 (28%) remained stable, and 23/76 (30%) had a worsening of their clinical condition; 55 (72%) completed the treatment and were analyzed in a PP analysis: 32/55 (58%) had a clinical response, 21 (38%) remained stable, and 2 (4%) had a light worsening of their clinical condition (p < 0.0001). Overall, 37% of the patients had a disease remission. No severe adverse event was recorded, and only one patient stopped therapy due to obstinate constipation. No difference in the clinical efficacy and safety has been recorded between groups treated with different doses of LGG. The present prospective clinical trial demonstrates, for the first time, that LGG in monotherapy is safe and effective for the induction of remission in UC patients with mild-moderate disease activity (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04102852).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Pagnini
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Di Paolo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Urgesi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorella Pallotta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Fanello
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Graziani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, Via dell'Amba Aradam 9, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Delle Fave
- Department of Gastroenterology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Onlus "S. Andrea", 00199 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Chen YW, Yu YH. Differential effects of Bacillus subtilis- and Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products on growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal antioxidant and barrier function gene expression, cecal microbiota community, and microbial carbohydrate-active enzyme composition in broilers. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102670. [PMID: 37068351 PMCID: PMC10130491 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the differential effects of Bacillus subtilis-fermented products (SFPs) and Bacillus licheniformis-fermented products (LFPs) on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, intestinal gene expression, cecal microbiota community, and microbial carbohydrate-active enzyme composition of broilers. In total, 160 one-day-old unsexed Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 4 treatment groups (with 8 replicates per group and 5 chicks per replicate): control (CON), enramycin (ENM), SFP, and LFP groups, which were fed a basal diet, basal diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg ENM, basal diet supplemented with 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of B. subtilis spores per gram of feed, and basal diet supplemented with 108 CFU of B. licheniformis spores per gram of feed, respectively. LFP treatment resulted in a higher (P < 0.01) body weight at the age of 35 d and higher average daily gain over 15 to 35 (P < 0.05) and 1 to 35 (P < 0.05) d of age than did the CON and SFP treatments. The average villus heights in the jejunum were longer (P < 0.05) in the LFP group than those in the SFP group. Moreover, the LFP group exhibited a higher jejunal barrier function gene expression (mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, and occludin) and cecal antioxidant gene expression (superoxide dismutase) than did the CON group (P < 0.05). A principal coordinate analysis of cecal microbiota and carbohydrate-active enzyme composition demonstrated distinct clustering among the groups. Lactobacillus crispatus abundance in the cecal digesta was higher (P < 0.01) in the SFP group than in the CON and LFP groups. Finally, microbial glycosyltransferase 2 gene expression in the cecal digesta was higher in the LFP group than in the CON and ENM groups. In conclusion, LFPs can improve the growth performance, increase intestinal barrier function and antioxidant gene expression, and modulate cecal microflora composition and carbohydrate-active enzyme composition of broilers. The overall effect of LFPs on growth promotion in broilers was superior to that of SFPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jiang M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Geng R, Liu H, Sun Y, Wang B. The Effects of Perioperative Probiotics on Postoperative Gastrointestinal Function in Patients with Brain Tumors: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1132-1142. [PMID: 37139872 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2178929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction among neurosurgical patients is as high as 80%. Probiotics help to maintain gastrointestinal barrier defense, provide competitive adherence to mucus and epithelial cells, and regulate gastrointestinal motility. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether probiotics enhance gastrointestinal health after craniotomy in patients with brain tumors. This study was a 15-day, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial for patients being treated with elective craniotomy for brain tumors. Participants were randomly divided into the probiotics group (4 g probiotics, twice daily) and placebo group. The primary outcome was the time of first stool after surgery. The secondary outcomes included assessments of the gastrointestinal function, changes in gastrointestinal permeability and clinical outcomes. We enrolled a total of 200 participants (probiotics: 100; placebo: 100) and followed the principles of intention-to-treat analysis. The time of first stool and flatus were significantly shorter in the probiotics group compared to the placebo group (P < 0.001, respectively). No significant trends were observed for any other of the secondary outcome variables. Our findings suggest that probiotics can improve the gastrointestinal mobility of patients received craniotomy, and this improvement cannot be explained by changes in gastrointestinal permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Geng
- Zhongke Yikang Biological Technology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Zhongke Yikang Biological Technology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxing Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Roberts JL, Golloshi M, Harding DB, Conduah M, Liu G, Drissi H. Bifidobacterium longum supplementation improves age-related delays in fracture repair. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13786. [PMID: 36704918 PMCID: PMC10086533 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related delays in bone repair remains an important clinical issue that can prolong pain and suffering. It is now well established that inflammation increases with aging and that this exacerbated inflammatory response can influence skeletal regeneration. Recently, simple dietary supplementation with beneficial probiotic bacteria has been shown to influence fracture repair in young mice. However, the contribution of the gut microbiota to age-related impairments in fracture healing remains unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether supplementation with a single beneficial probiotic species, Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum), would promote fracture repair in aged (18-month-old) female mice. We found that B. longum supplementation accelerated bony callus formation which improved mechanical properties of the fractured limb. We attribute these pro-regenerative effects of B. longum to preservation of intestinal barrier, dampened systemic inflammation, and maintenance of the microbiota community structure. Moreover, B. longum attenuated many of the fracture-induced systemic pathologies. Our study provides evidence that targeting the gut microbiota using simple dietary approaches can improve fracture healing outcomes and minimize systemic pathologies in the context of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Roberts
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Mateo Golloshi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Derek B Harding
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Madison Conduah
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Guanglu Liu
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jackson R, Rajadhyaksha EV, Loeffler RS, Flores CE, Van Doorslaer K. Characterization of 3D organotypic epithelial tissues reveals tonsil-specific differences in tonic interferon signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.19.524743. [PMID: 36711548 PMCID: PMC9882319 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.19.524743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques can recapitulate the stratified nature of multicellular epithelial tissues. Organotypic 3D epithelial tissue culture methods have several applications, including the study of tissue development and function, drug discovery and toxicity testing, host-pathogen interactions, and the development of tissue-engineered constructs for use in regenerative medicine. We grew 3D organotypic epithelial tissues from foreskin, cervix, and tonsil-derived primary cells and characterized the transcriptome of these in vitro tissue equivalents. Using the same 3D culturing method, all three tissues yielded stratified squamous epithelium, validated histologically using basal and superficial epithelial cell markers. The goal of this study was to use RNA-seq to compare gene expression patterns in these three types of epithelial tissues to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying their function and identify potential therapeutic targets for various diseases. Functional profiling by over-representation and gene set enrichment analysis revealed tissue-specific differences: i.e. , cutaneous homeostasis and lipid metabolism in foreskin, extracellular matrix remodeling in cervix, and baseline innate immune differences in tonsil. Specifically, tonsillar epithelia may play an active role in shaping the immune microenvironment of the tonsil balancing inflammation and immune responses in the face of constant exposure to microbial insults. Overall, these data serve as a resource, with gene sets made available for the research community to explore, and as a foundation for understanding the epithelial heterogeneity and how it may impact their in vitro use. An online resource is available to investigate these data ( https://viz.datascience.arizona.edu/3DEpiEx/ ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Jackson
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Esha V Rajadhyaksha
- College of Medicine and College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Reid S Loeffler
- Biosystems Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Caitlyn E Flores
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Koenraad Van Doorslaer
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Immunobiology; Cancer Biology Graduate Interdisciplinary Program; Genetics Graduate Interdisciplinary Program; and University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020619. [PMID: 36677677 PMCID: PMC9862683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is in daily contact with potentially toxic and infectious substances in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The GIT has the most significant load of antigens. The GIT can protect the intestinal integrity by allowing the passage of beneficial agents and blocking the path of harmful substances. Under normal conditions, a healthy intestinal barrier prevents toxic elements from entering the blood stream. However, factors such as stress, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, antibiotics, and drug consumption can compromise the composition of the intestinal microbiota and the homeostasis of the intestinal barrier function of the intestine, leading to increased intestinal permeability. Intestinal hyperpermeability can allow the entry of harmful agents through the junctions of the intestinal epithelium, which pass into the bloodstream and affect various organs and systems. Thus, leaky gut syndrome and intestinal barrier dysfunction are associated with intestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as extra-intestinal diseases, including heart diseases, obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and celiac disease. Given the relationship between intestinal permeability and numerous conditions, it is convenient to seek an excellent strategy to avoid or reduce the increase in intestinal permeability. The impact of dietary nutrients on barrier function can be crucial for designing new strategies for patients with the pathogenesis of leaky gut-related diseases associated with epithelial barrier dysfunctions. In this review article, the role of functional ingredients is suggested as mediators of leaky gut-related disorders.
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu X, Ma Z, Wang Y, Li L, Jia H, Zhang L. Compound probiotics can improve intestinal health by affecting the gut microbiota of broilers. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad388. [PMID: 37982805 PMCID: PMC10724112 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, as a widely used additive, have played a unique advantage in replacing antibiotic products. As a result, the probiotic effects on broiler development, intestinal flora, intestinal barrier, and immunity were assessed by this investigation. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 5 replicates with 24 broilers each. The control was fed only a basal corn-soybean meal diet. Probiotics I, probiotics II, and probiotics III were fed basal diet and 1, 5, and 10 g/kg compound probiotics (Lactobacillus casei: Lactobacillus acidophilus: Bifidobacterium = 1:1:2), respectively. We found that broilers in the compound probiotic group exhibited better growth performance and carcass characteristics compared with control, especially among probiotics III group. The intestinal barrier-related genes relative expression of Claudin, Occludin, MUC2, and ZO-1 mRNA in the probiotic group increased at 21 and 42 d compared with control, especially among probiotics III group (P < 0.05). The early gut immune-related genes (TLR2, TLR4, IL-1β, and IL-2) mRNA increased compared with control, while the trend at 42 d was completely opposite to that in the earlier stage (P < 0.05). Among them, probiotics III group showed the most significant changes compared to probiotics II group and probiotics I group. Select probiotics III group and control group for 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis. The 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing results demonstrated that probiotics increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbes such as o_Bacteroidales, f_Rikenellaceae, and g_Alistipes and improved the cecum's gut microbiota of 42-day-old broilers. Additionally, adding the probiotics decreased the relative abundance of harmful microbes such as Proteobacteria. PICRUSt2 functional analysis revealed that most proteins were enriched in DNA replication, transcription, and glycolysis processes. Therefore, this study can provide theoretical reference value for probiotics to improve production performance, improve intestinal barrier, immunity, intestinal flora of broilers, and the application of probiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanfei Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Li Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihuan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for the Modernization of TCVM, College of Life and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|