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Bao S, Wang W, Deng Z, Zhou R, Zeng S, Hou D, He J, Huang Z. Changes of bacterial communities and bile acid metabolism reveal the potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in shrimp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173384. [PMID: 38815838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between the gut and the liver plays a significant role in individual health and diseases. Mounting evidence supports that bile acids are important metabolites in the bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver. Most of the current studies on the "gut-liver axis" have focused on higher vertebrates, however, few was reported on lower invertebrates such as shrimp with an open circulatory system. Here, microbiomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to investigate the bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas of Penaeus vannamei fed diets supplemented with octanoic acid and oleic acid. After six days of feeding, the bacterial composition in intestine, hemolymph and hepatopancreas changed at different stages, with significant increases in the relative abundance of several genera such as Pseudomonas and Rheinheimera in intestine and hepatopancreas. Notably, there was a more similar bacterial composition in intestine and hepatopancreas at the genus level, which indicated the close communication between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, higher content of some bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA) and α-muricholic acid (α-MCA) in intestine and lower content of some bile acids such as taurohyocholic acids (THCA) and isolithocholic acid (IsoLCA) in hepatopancreas were detected. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between bacterial composition and bile acid metabolism in intestine and hepatopancreas. The microbial source tracking analysis showed that there was a high proportion of intestine and hepatopancreas bacterial community as the source of each other. Collectively, these results showed a strong crosstalk between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas, which suggests a unique potential "intestine-hepatopancreas axis" in lower invertebrate shrimp with an open circulatory system. Our finding contributed to the understanding of the interplay between shrimp intestine and hepatopancreas in the view of microecology and provided new ideas for shrimp farming and disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicheng Bao
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Zhixuan Deng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Renjun Zhou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shenzheng Zeng
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Dongwei Hou
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jianguo He
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Sciences and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Wang B, Han D, Hu X, Chen J, Liu Y, Wu J. Exploring the role of a novel postbiotic bile acid: Interplay with gut microbiota, modulation of the farnesoid X receptor, and prospects for clinical translation. Microbiol Res 2024; 287:127865. [PMID: 39121702 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, mainly resides in the colon, possesses a remarkable ability to metabolize different substrates to create bioactive substances, including short-chain fatty acids, indole-3-propionic acid, and secondary bile acids. In the liver, bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol and then undergo modification by the gut microbiota. Beyond those reclaimed by the enterohepatic circulation, small percentage of bile acids escaped reabsorption, entering the systemic circulation to bind to several receptors, such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR), thereby exert their biological effects. Gut microbiota interplays with bile acids by affecting their synthesis and determining the production of secondary bile acids. Reciprocally, bile acids shape out the structure of gut microbiota. The interplay of bile acids and FXR is involved in the development of multisystemic conditions, encompassing metabolic diseases, hepatobiliary diseases, immune associated disorders. In the review, we aim to provide a thorough review of the intricate crosstalk between the gut microbiota and bile acids, the physiological roles of bile acids and FXR in mammals' health and disease, and the clinical translational considerations of gut microbiota-bile acids-FXR in the treatment of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, China.
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Yang X, Xu Y, Li J, Ran X, Gu Z, Song L, Zhang L, Wen L, Ji G, Wang R. Bile acid-gut microbiota imbalance in cholestasis and its long-term effect in mice. mSystems 2024; 9:e0012724. [PMID: 38934542 PMCID: PMC11265269 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00127-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a common morbid state that may occur in different phases; however, a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term effect post-recovery is still lacking. In the hepatic cholestasis mouse model, which was induced by a temporary complete blockage of the bile duct, the stasis of bile acids and liver damage typically recovered within a short period. However, we found that the temporary hepatic cholestasis had a long-term effect on gut microbiota dysbiosis, including overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria, decreased diversity of the gut microbiota, and an overall imbalance in its composition accompanied by an elevated inflammation level. Additionally, we observed an increase in Escherichia-Shigella (represented by ASV136078), rich in virulence factors, in both small and large intestines following cholestasis. To confirm the causal role of dysregulated gut microbiota in promoting hepatic inflammation and injury, we conducted gut microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice. We found that recipient mice transplanted with feces from cholestasis mice exhibited liver inflammation, damage, and accumulation of hepatic bile acids. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that cholestasis disrupts the overall load and structural composition of the gut microbiota in mice, and these adverse effects persist after recovery from cholestatic liver injury. This finding suggests the importance of monitoring the structural composition of the gut microbiota in patients with cholestasis and during their recovery. IMPORTANCE Our pre-clinical study using a mouse model of cholestasis underscores that cholestasis not only disrupts the equilibrium and structural configuration of the gut microbiota but also emphasizes the persistence of these adverse effects even after bile stasis restoration. This suggests the need of monitoring and initiating interventions for gut microbiota structural restoration in patients with cholestasis during and after recovery. We believe that our study contributes to novel and better understanding of the intricate interplay among bile acid homeostasis, gut microbiota, and cholestasis-associated complications. Our pre-clinical findings may provide implications for the clinical management of patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuesong Xu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ximing Ran
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zhihao Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Linfeng Song
- General Medicine, Medical school, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wen
- Section of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Huang X, Johnson AE, Auchtung TA, McCullough HC, Lerma AI, Haidacher SJ, Hoch KM, Horvath TD, Haag AM, Auchtung JM. Clostridioides difficile colonization is not mediated by bile salts and requires Stickland fermentation of proline in an in vitro model of infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603937. [PMID: 39071387 PMCID: PMC11275744 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Treatment with antibiotics is a major risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection, likely due to depletion of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Two microbiota-mediated mechanisms thought to limit C. difficile colonization include conversion of conjugated primary bile salts into secondary bile salts toxic to C. difficile growth, and competition between the microbiota and C. difficile for limiting nutrients. Using a continuous flow model of the distal colon, we investigated how treatment with six clinically-used antibiotics influenced susceptibility to C. difficile infection in 12 different microbial communities cultivated from healthy individuals. Antibiotic treatment reduced microbial richness; disruption varied by antibiotic class and microbiota composition, but did not correlate with C. difficile susceptibility. Antibiotic treatment also disrupted microbial bile salt metabolism, increasing levels of the primary bile salt, cholate, and decreasing levels of the secondary bile salt, deoxycholate. However, decreased levels of deoxycholate did not correlate with increased C. difficile susceptibility. Further, bile salts were not required to inhibit C. difficile colonization. We tested whether amino acid fermentation contributed to persistence of C. difficile in antibiotic-treated communities. C. difficile mutants unable to use proline as an electron acceptor in Stickland fermentation due to disruption of proline reductase (Δ prdB ) had significantly lower levels of colonization than wild-type strains in four of six antibiotic-treated communities tested. This data provides further support for the importance of bile salt-independent mechanisms in regulating colonization of C. difficile . IMPORTANCE C. difficile is one of the leading causes of hospital-acquired infections and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Several potential mechanisms through which the microbiota can limit C. difficile infection have been identified and are potential targets for new therapeutics. However, it is unclear which mechanisms of C. difficile inhibition represent the best targets for development of new therapeutics. These studies demonstrate that in a complex in vitro model of C. difficile infection, colonization resistance is independent of microbial bile salt metabolism. Instead, the ability of C. difficile to colonize is dependent upon its ability to metabolize proline, although proline-dependent colonization is context-dependent and is not observed in all disrupted communities. Altogether, these studies support the need for further work to understand how bile-independent mechanisms regulate C. difficile colonization.
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van Rossen TM, van Beurden YH, Bogaards JA, Budding AE, Mulder CJJ, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CMJE. Fecal microbiota composition is a better predictor of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection than clinical factors in a prospective, multicentre cohort study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:687. [PMID: 38987677 PMCID: PMC11238444 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09506-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Fidaxomicin and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are effective, but expensive therapies to treat recurrent CDI (reCDI). Our objective was to develop a prediction model for reCDI based on the gut microbiota composition and clinical characteristics, to identify patients who could benefit from early treatment with fidaxomicin or FMT. METHODS Multicentre, prospective, observational study in adult patients diagnosed with a primary episode of CDI. Fecal samples and clinical data were collected prior to, and after 5 days of CDI treatment. Follow-up duration was 8 weeks. Microbiota composition was analysed by IS-pro, a bacterial profiling technique based on phylum- and species-specific differences in the 16-23 S interspace regions of ribosomal DNA. Bayesian additive regression trees (BART) and adaptive group-regularized logistic ridge regression (AGRR) were used to construct prediction models for reCDI. RESULTS 209 patients were included, of which 25% developed reCDI. Variables related to microbiota composition provided better prediction of reCDI and were preferentially selected over clinical factors in joint prediction models. Bacteroidetes abundance and diversity after start of CDI treatment, and the increase in Proteobacteria diversity relative to baseline, were the most robust predictors of reCDI. The sensitivity and specificity of a BART model including these factors were 95% and 78%, but these dropped to 67% and 62% in out-of-sample prediction. CONCLUSION Early microbiota response to CDI treatment is a better predictor of reCDI than clinical prognostic factors, but not yet sufficient enough to predict reCDI in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessel M van Rossen
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Yvette H van Beurden
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Bogaards
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Chris J J Mulder
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina M J E Vandenbroucke-Grauls
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Marroncini G, Naldi L, Martinelli S, Amedei A. Gut-Liver-Pancreas Axis Crosstalk in Health and Disease: From the Role of Microbial Metabolites to Innovative Microbiota Manipulating Strategies. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1398. [PMID: 39061972 PMCID: PMC11273695 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The functions of the gut are closely related to those of many other organs in the human body. Indeed, the gut microbiota (GM) metabolize several nutrients and compounds that, once released in the bloodstream, can reach distant organs, thus influencing the metabolic and inflammatory tone of the host. The main microbiota-derived metabolites responsible for the modulation of endocrine responses are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). These molecules can (i) regulate the pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon), (ii) increase glycogen synthesis in the liver, and (iii) boost energy expenditure, especially in skeletal muscles and brown adipose tissue. In other words, they are critical in maintaining glucose and lipid homeostasis. In GM dysbiosis, the imbalance of microbiota-related products can affect the proper endocrine and metabolic functions, including those related to the gut-liver-pancreas axis (GLPA). In addition, the dysbiosis can contribute to the onset of some diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this review, we explored the roles of the gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their involvement in onset and progression of these diseases. In addition, we detailed the main microbiota-modulating strategies that could improve the diseases' development by restoring the healthy balance of the GLPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Marroncini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Laura Naldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (G.M.); (L.N.)
| | - Serena Martinelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), 50139 Florence, Italy
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Wang L, Cao Y, Lou E, Zhao X, Chen X. The role of gut fungi in Clostridioides difficile infection. Biomed J 2024; 47:100686. [PMID: 38086471 PMCID: PMC11220531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the etiological agent of C. difficile infection (CDI), elicits a spectrum of diarrheal symptoms with varying severity and the potential to result in severe complications such as colonic perforation, pseudomembranous colitis, and toxic megacolon. The perturbation of gut microbiome, often triggered by antibiotic usage, represents the primary factor augmenting the risk of CDI. This underscores the significance of interactions between C. difficile and the microbiome in determining pathogen adaptability. In recent years, researchers have increasingly recognized the pivotal role played by intestinal microbiota in host health and its therapeutic potential as a target for medical interventions. While extensive evidence has been established regarding the involvement of gut bacteria in CDI, our understanding of symbiotic interactions between hosts and fungi within intestinal microbiota remains limited. Herein, we aim to comprehensively elucidate both composition and key characteristics of gut fungal communities that significantly contribute to CDI, thereby enhancing our comprehension from pharmacological and biomarker perspectives while exploring their prospective therapeutic applications for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yangchun Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Eddie Lou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuanyin Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kandalgaonkar MR, Kumar V, Vijay‐Kumar M. Digestive dynamics: Unveiling interplay between the gut microbiota and the liver in macronutrient metabolism and hepatic metabolic health. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16114. [PMID: 38886098 PMCID: PMC11182692 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the liver is the largest metabolic organ in the body, it is not alone in functionality and is assisted by "an organ inside an organ," the gut microbiota. This review attempts to shed light on the partnership between the liver and the gut microbiota in the metabolism of macronutrients (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids). All nutrients absorbed by the small intestines are delivered to the liver for further metabolism. Undigested food that enters the colon is metabolized further by the gut microbiota that produces secondary metabolites, which are absorbed into portal circulation and reach the liver. These microbiota-derived metabolites and co-metabolites include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, and trimethylamine N-oxide. Further, the liver produces several compounds, such as bile acids that can alter the gut microbial composition, which can in turn influence liver health. This review focuses on the metabolism of these microbiota metabolites and their influence on host physiology. Furthermore, the review briefly delineates the effect of the portosystemic shunt on the gut microbiota-liver axis, and current understanding of the treatments to target the gut microbiota-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
| | - Virender Kumar
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Matam Vijay‐Kumar
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of Toledo College of Medicine and Life SciencesToledoOhioUSA
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DuPont HL, DuPont AW, Tillotson GS. Microbiota restoration therapies for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection reach an important new milestone. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2024; 17:17562848241253089. [PMID: 38800353 PMCID: PMC11119484 DOI: 10.1177/17562848241253089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota restoration therapy has become a standard treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). In this article, we review the studies supporting the licensure of two live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) designed to prevent rCDI and to provide clinicians with a perspective on their differences. PubMed was reviewed on 1 October 2023, for all papers published concerning the current Food and Drug Administration allowance of the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the studies that led to the licensure of RBX2660 (REBYOTA™), generic name, fecal microbiota, live-jslm, and SER-109 (VOWST™), generic name, fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk. OpenBiome continues to produce fecal products for patients with rCDI at their treatment sites, and the American Gastroenterology Association has a National Registry focused on long-term safety of administering fecal microbiota products. The science behind the licensing of fecal microbiota, live-jslm, a consortium of fecal anaerobes found in stool augmented with strains of Bacteroidetes and fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk, a mixture of 50 species of purified Firmicutes spores is reviewed. Both products appear to be safe in clinical trials and effective in reducing rCDI episodes by mechanisms established for FMT, including normalization of α- and β-diversity of the microbiome and by increasing fecal secondary bile acids. The different makeup of the two LBPs suggests that rCDI responds to a variety of engrafting microbiota which explains why nearly all donors in FMT of rCDI are generally effective. Fecal microbiota, live-jslm has also been shown to successfully treat rCDI in elderly patients with advanced comorbidities. With the licensure of two novel LBPs, we are entering a new phase of microbiota replacement therapy. Having standardized manufacturing and proper monitoring of products, harnessing the microbiome to control and prevent disease has a new beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert L. DuPont
- Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Kelsey Research Foundation, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew W. DuPont
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Moreau GB, Naz F, Petri WA. Fecal microbiota transplantation stimulates type 2 and tolerogenic immune responses in a mouse model. Anaerobe 2024; 86:102841. [PMID: 38521227 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the leading hospital-acquired infection in North America. While previous work on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a highly effective treatment for CDI, has focused on colonization resistance mounted against C. difficile by FMT-delivered commensals, the effects of FMT on host gene expression are relatively unexplored. This study aims to identify transcriptional changes associated with FMT, particularly changes associated with protective immune responses. METHODS Gene expression was assessed on day 2 and day 7 after FMT in mice after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. Flow cytometry was also performed on colon and mesenteric lymph nodes at day 7 to investigate changes in immune cell populations. RESULTS FMT administration after antibiotic-induced dysbiosis successfully restored microbial alpha diversity to levels of donor mice by day 7 post-FMT. Bulk RNA sequencing of cecal tissue at day 2 identified immune genes, including both pro-inflammatory and Type 2 immune pathways as upregulated after FMT. RNA sequencing was repeated on day 7 post-FMT, and expression of these immune genes was decreased along with upregulation of genes associated with restoration of intestinal homeostasis. Immunoprofiling on day 7 identified increased colonic CD45+ immune cells that exhibited dampened Type 1 and heightened regulatory and Type 2 responses. These include an increased abundance of eosinophils, alternatively activated macrophages, Th2, and T regulatory cell populations. CONCLUSION These results highlight the impact of FMT on host gene expression, providing evidence that FMT restores intestinal homeostasis after antibiotic treatment and facilitates tolerogenic and Type 2 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Brett Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Farha Naz
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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11
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Andary CM, Al KF, Chmiel JA, Gibbons S, Daisley BA, Parvathy SN, Maleki Vareki S, Bowdish DME, Silverman MS, Burton JP. Dissecting mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation efficacy in disease. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:209-222. [PMID: 38195358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as an alternative or adjunct experimental therapy for microbiome-associated diseases following its success in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infections (rCDIs). However, the mechanisms of action involved remain relatively unknown. The term 'dysbiosis' has been used to describe microbial imbalances in relation to disease, but this traditional definition fails to consider the complex cross-feeding networks that define the stability of the microbiome. Emerging research transitions toward the targeted restoration of microbial functional networks in treating different diseases. In this review, we explore potential mechanisms responsible for the efficacy of FMT and future therapeutic applications, while revisiting definitions of 'dysbiosis' in favor of functional network restoration in rCDI, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Andary
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kait F Al
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - John A Chmiel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaeley Gibbons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brendan A Daisley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Nair Parvathy
- Division of Infectious Disease, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saman Maleki Vareki
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre and the Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael S Silverman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Infectious Disease, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeremy P Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Canadian Centre for Human Microbiome and Probiotics Research, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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12
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McMillan AS, Zhang G, Dougherty MK, McGill SK, Gulati AS, Baker ES, Theriot CM. Metagenomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic shifts associated with fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579219. [PMID: 38370838 PMCID: PMC10871284 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Recurrent C. difficile infection (rCDI) is an urgent public health threat for which the last resort and lifesaving treatment is a fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). However, the exact mechanisms which mediate a successful FMT are not well understood. Here we use longitudinal stool samples collected from patients undergoing FMT to evaluate changes in the microbiome, metabolome, and lipidome after successful FMTs. We show changes in the abundance of many lipids, specifically acylcarnitines and bile acids, in response to FMT. These changes correlate with Enterobacteriaceae, which encode carnitine metabolism genes, and Lachnospiraceae, which encode bile salt hydrolases and baiA genes. LC-IMS-MS revealed a shift from microbial conjugation of primary bile acids pre-FMT to secondary bile acids post-FMT. Here we define the structural and functional changes in successful FMTs. This information will help guide targeted Live Biotherapeutic Product development for the treatment of rCDI and other intestinal diseases.
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13
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Yue M, Zhang L. Exploring the Mechanistic Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Precocious Puberty: A Narrative Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:323. [PMID: 38399733 PMCID: PMC10892899 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been implicated in the context of sexual maturation during puberty, with discernible differences in its composition before and after this critical developmental stage. Notably, there has been a global rise in the prevalence of precocious puberty in recent years, particularly among girls, where approximately 90% of central precocious puberty cases lack a clearly identifiable cause. While a link between precocious puberty and the gut microbiota has been observed, the precise causality and underlying mechanisms remain elusive. This narrative review aims to systematically elucidate the potential mechanisms that underlie the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and precocious puberty. Potential avenues of exploration include investigating the impact of the gut microbiota on endocrine function, particularly in the regulation of hormones, such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Additionally, this review will delve into the intricate interplay between the gut microbiome, metabolism, and obesity, considering the known association between obesity and precocious puberty. This review will also explore how the microbiome's involvement in nutrient metabolism could impact precocious puberty. Finally, attention is given to the microbiota's ability to produce neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, potentially influencing the central nervous system components involved in regulating puberty. By exploring these mechanisms, this narrative review seeks to identify unexplored targets and emerging directions in understanding the role of the gut microbiome in relation to precocious puberty. The ultimate goal is to provide valuable insights for the development of non-invasive diagnostic methods and innovative therapeutic strategies for precocious puberty in the future, such as specific probiotic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yue
- Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China & Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, National Institute of Health Data Science of China & Institute for Medical Dataology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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14
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Engevik MA, Thapa S, Lillie IM, Yacyshyn MB, Yacyshyn B, Percy AJ, Chace D, Horvath TD. Repurposing dried blood spot device technology to examine bile acid profiles in human dried fecal spot samples. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G95-G106. [PMID: 38014449 PMCID: PMC11208030 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00188.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spot (DBS) analysis has existed for >50 years, but application of this technique to fecal analysis remains limited. To address whether dried fecal spots (DFS) could be used to measure fecal bile acids, we collected feces from five subjects for each of the following cohorts: 1) healthy individuals, 2) individuals with diarrhea, and 3) Clostridioides difficile-infected patients. Homogenized fecal extracts were loaded onto quantitative DBS (qDBS) devices, dried overnight, and shipped to the bioanalytical lab at ambient temperature. For comparison, source fecal extracts were shipped on dry ice and stored frozen. After 4 mo, frozen fecal extracts and ambient DFS samples were processed and subjected to targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based metabolomics with stable isotope-labeled standards. We observed no differences in the bile acid levels measured between the traditional extraction and the qDBS-based DFS methods. This pilot data demonstrates that DFS-based analysis is feasible and warrants further development for fecal compounds and microbiome applications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stool analysis in remote settings can be challenging, as the samples must be stored at -80°C and transported on dry ice for downstream processing. Our work indicates that dried fecal spots (DFS) on Capitainer quantitative DBS (qDBS) devices can be stored and shipped at ambient temperature and yields the same bile acid profiles as traditional samples. This approach has broad applications for patient home testing and sample collection in rural communities or resource-limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Engevik
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States
| | - Santosh Thapa
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ian M Lillie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Mary Beth Yacyshyn
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Bruce Yacyshyn
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
| | - Andrew J Percy
- Department of Applications Development, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc., Tewksbury, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Thomas D Horvath
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
- Department of Pathology, Texas Children's Microbiome Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
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15
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Reuter MA, Tucker M, Marfori Z, Shishani R, Bustamante JM, Moreno R, Goodson ML, Ehrlich A, Taha AY, Lein PJ, Joshi N, Brito I, Durbin-Johnson B, Nandakumar R, Cummings BP. Dietary resistant starch supplementation increases gut luminal deoxycholic acid abundance in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2315632. [PMID: 38375831 PMCID: PMC10880513 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2315632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) are among the most abundant metabolites produced by the gut microbiome. Primary BAs produced in the liver are converted by gut bacterial 7-α-dehydroxylation into secondary BAs, which can differentially regulate host health via signaling based on their varying affinity for BA receptors. Despite the importance of secondary BAs in host health, the regulation of 7-α-dehydroxylation and the role of diet in modulating this process is incompletely defined. Understanding this process could lead to dietary guidelines that beneficially shift BA metabolism. Dietary fiber regulates gut microbial composition and metabolite production. We tested the hypothesis that feeding mice a diet rich in a fermentable dietary fiber, resistant starch (RS), would alter gut bacterial BA metabolism. Male and female wild-type mice were fed a diet supplemented with RS or an isocaloric control diet (IC). Metabolic parameters were similar between groups. RS supplementation increased gut luminal deoxycholic acid (DCA) abundance. However, gut luminal cholic acid (CA) abundance, the substrate for 7-α-dehydroxylation in DCA production, was unaltered by RS. Further, RS supplementation did not change the mRNA expression of hepatic BA producing enzymes or ileal BA transporters. Metagenomic assessment of gut bacterial composition revealed no change in the relative abundance of bacteria known to perform 7-α-dehydroxylation. P. ginsenosidimutans and P. multiformis were positively correlated with gut luminal DCA abundance and increased in response to RS supplementation. These data demonstrate that RS supplementation enriches gut luminal DCA abundance without increasing the relative abundance of bacteria known to perform 7-α-dehydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A. Reuter
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Madelynn Tucker
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zara Marfori
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rahaf Shishani
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Miranda Bustamante
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rosalinda Moreno
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael L. Goodson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Allison Ehrlich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ameer Y. Taha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikhil Joshi
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ilana Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Blythe Durbin-Johnson
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Renu Nandakumar
- Biomarkers Core Laboratory, Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bethany P. Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Center for Alimentary and Metabolic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California – Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California – Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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16
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Oliva-Hemker M, Kahn SA, Steinbach WJ. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Information for the Pediatrician. Pediatrics 2023; 152:e2023062922. [PMID: 37981872 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-062922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) involves the delivery of an entire microbial community from a healthy donor to a recipient with the intention of ameliorating or curing a specific disease. Current evidence strongly supports a role for FMT in the treatment of Clostridiodes difficile infection, with cure rates of approximately 80% to 90%. This success has led to increasing attention for FMT as a potential therapeutic intervention for other conditions associated with disturbances of the intestinal microbiome, including inflammatory bowel diseases, autism spectrum disorder, and obesity. This clinical report endorses the joint society statement by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition and is meant to provide the general pediatrician with a broad overview to enable appropriate guidance to families seeking FMT as treatment of a child's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Oliva-Hemker
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stacy A Kahn
- FMT and Microbial Therapeutics Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - William J Steinbach
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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17
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Mullish BH, Tohumcu E, Porcari S, Fiorani M, Di Tommaso N, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ponziani FR, Ianiro G. The role of faecal microbiota transplantation in chronic noncommunicable disorders. J Autoimmun 2023; 141:103034. [PMID: 37087392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a key role in influencing several pathways and functions involved in human health, including metabolism, protection against infection, and immune regulation. Perturbation of the gut microbiome is recognised as a pathogenic factor in several gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders, and is increasingly considered as a therapeutic target in these conditions. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the transfer of the microbiota from healthy screened stool donors into the gut of affected patients, and is a well-established and highly effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Despite the mechanisms of efficacy of FMT not being fully understood, it has been investigated in several chronic noncommunicable disorders, with variable results. This review aims to give an overview of mechanisms of efficacy of FMT in chronic noncommunicable disorders, and to paint the current landscape of its investigation in these medical conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic liver disorders, and also extraintestinal autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ege Tohumcu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Porcari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Fiorani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia Di Tommaso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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18
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Marasco G, Buttitta F, Cremon C, Barbaro MR, Stanghellini V, Barbara G. The role of microbiota and its modulation in colonic diverticular disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14615. [PMID: 37243442 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease (DD) is a common condition in Western countries. The role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of DD and its related symptoms has been frequently postulated since most complications of this disease are bacteria-driven and most therapies rely on microbiota modulation. Preliminary data showed fecal microbial imbalance in patients with DD, particularly when symptomatic, with an increase of pro-inflammatory and potentially pathogenetic bacteria. In addition, bacterial metabolic markers can mirror specific pathways of the disease and may be even used for monitoring treatment effects. All treatments currently suggested for DD can affect microbiota structure and metabolome compositions. PURPOSE Sparse evidence is available linking gut microbiota perturbations, diverticular disease pathophysiology, and symptom development. We aimed to summarize the available knowledge on gut microbiota evaluation in diverticular disease, with a focus on symptomatic uncomplicated DD, and the relative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Marasco
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Buttitta
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Cremon
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Stanghellini
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Barbara
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Alam MZ, Markantonis JE, Fallon JT. Host Immune Responses to Clostridioides difficile Infection and Potential Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:506. [PMID: 38133438 PMCID: PMC10747268 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8120506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading nosocomial infection, posing a substantial public health challenge within the United States and globally. CDI typically occurs in hospitalized elderly patients who have been administered antibiotics; however, there has been a rise in the occurrence of CDI in the community among young adults who have not been exposed to antibiotics. C. difficile releases toxins, which damage large intestinal epithelium, leading to toxic megacolon, sepsis, and even death. Unfortunately, existing antibiotic therapies do not always prevent these consequences, with up to one-third of treated patients experiencing a recurrence of the infection. Host factors play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CDI, and accumulating evidence shows that modulation of host immune responses may potentially alter the disease outcome. In this review, we provide an overview of our current knowledge regarding the role of innate and adaptive immune responses on CDI outcomes. Moreover, we present a summary of non-antibiotic microbiome-based therapies that can effectively influence host immune responses, along with immunization strategies that are intended to tackle both the treatment and prevention of CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zahidul Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Boulevard, Greenville, NC 27834, USA; (J.E.M.); (J.T.F.)
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20
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Zhang X, Luo X, Tian L, Yue P, Li M, Liu K, Zhu D, Huang C, Shi Q, Yang L, Xia Z, Zhao J, Ma Z, Li J, Leung JW, Lin Y, Yuan J, Meng W, Li X, Chen Y. The gut microbiome dysbiosis and regulation by fecal microbiota transplantation: umbrella review. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1286429. [PMID: 38029189 PMCID: PMC10655098 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1286429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in various gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases, but evidence on the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for therapeutic indications remains unclear. Methods The gutMDisorder database was used to summarize the associations between gut microbiome dysbiosis and diseases. We performed an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to determine the evidence synthesis on the efficacy and safety of FMT in treating various diseases. Our study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022301226). Results Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with 117 gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal. Colorectal cancer was associated with 92 dysbiosis. Dysbiosis involving Firmicutes (phylum) was associated with 34 diseases. We identified 62 published meta-analyses of FMT. FMT was found to be effective for 13 diseases, with a 95.56% cure rate (95% CI: 93.88-97.05%) for recurrent Chloridoids difficile infection (rCDI). Evidence was high quality for rCDI and moderate to high quality for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease but low to very low quality for other diseases. Conclusion Gut microbiome dysbiosis may be implicated in numerous diseases. Substantial evidence suggests FMT improves clinical outcomes for certain indications, but evidence quality varies greatly depending on the specific indication, route of administration, frequency of instillation, fecal preparation, and donor type. This variability should inform clinical, policy, and implementation decisions regarding FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhuo Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xufei Luo
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liang Tian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Daoming Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, China
| | - Chongfei Huang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianling Shi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhili Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zelong Ma
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaolong Chen
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Research Unit of Evidence-Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Health Data Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Berry P, Khanna S. Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection: Current Clinical Management and Microbiome-Based Therapies. BioDrugs 2023; 37:757-773. [PMID: 37493938 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00617-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is one of the most important causes of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The high incidence and recurrence rates of C. difficile infection, as well as its associated morbidity and mortality, are great concerns. The most common complication of C. difficile infection is recurrence, with rates of 20-30% after a primary infection and 60% after three or more episodes. Medical management of recurrent C. difficile infection involves a choice of therapy that is different from the antibiotic used in the primary episode. Patients with recurrent C. difficile infection also benefit from fecal microbiota transplantation or standardized microbiome restoration therapies (approved or experimental) to restore eubiosis. In contrast to antibiotics, microbiome restoration therapies restore a normal gut flora and eliminate C. difficile colonization and infection. Fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent C. difficile infection has demonstrated higher success rates than vancomycin, fidaxomicin, or placebo. Fecal microbiota transplantation has traditionally been considered safe, with the most common adverse reactions being abdominal discomfort, and diarrhea, and rare serious adverse events. Significant heterogeneity and a lack of standardization regarding the process of preparation, and administration of fecal microbiota transplantation remain a major pitfall. Standardized microbiome-based therapies provide a promising alternative. In the ECOSPOR III trial of SER-109, an oral formulation of bacterial spores, a significant reduction in the recurrence rate (12%) was observed compared with placebo (40%). In the phase III PUNCH CD3 trial, RBX2660 also demonstrated high efficacy rates of 70.6% versus 57.5%. Both these agents are now US Food and Drug Administration approved for recurrent C. difficile infection. Other standardized microbiome-based therapies currently in the pipeline are VE303, RBX7455, and MET-2. Antibiotic neutralization strategies, vaccines, passive monoclonal antibodies, and drug repurposing are other therapeutic strategies being explored to treat C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Berry
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sahil Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, C. difficile Clinic and Microbiome Restoration Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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22
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Lai C, Chen L, Zhong X, Tang Z, Zhang B, Luo Y, Li C, Jin M, Chen X, Li J, Shi Y, Sun Y, Guo L. Long-term effects on liver metabolism induced by ceftriaxone sodium pretreatment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 335:122238. [PMID: 37506808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Ceftriaxone is an emerging contaminant due to its potential harm, while its effects on liver are still need to be clarified. In this study, we first pretreated the 8-week-old C57BL/6J mice with high dose ceftriaxone sodium (Cef, 400 mg/mL, 0.2 mL per dose) for 8 days to prepare a gut dysbiosis model, then treated with normal feed for a two-month recovery period, and applied non-targeted metabolomics (including lipidomics) to investigate the variations of fecal and liver metabolome, and coupled with targeted determination of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Lastly, the correlations and mediation analysis between the liver metabolism and gut metabolism/microbes were carried, and the potential mechanisms of the mal-effects on gut-liver axis induced by Cef pretreatment were accordingly discussed. Compared to the control group, Cef pretreatment reduced the rate of weight gain and hepatosomatic index, induced bile duct epithelial cells proliferated around the central vein and appearance of binucleated hepatocytes, decreased the ratio of total branching chains amino acids (BCAAs) to total aromatic amino acids (AAAs) in liver metabolome. In fecal metabolome, the total fecal SCFAs and BAs did not change significantly while butyric acid decreased and the primary BAs increased after Cef pretreatment. Correlation and mediation analysis revealed one potential mechanism that Cef may first change the intestinal microbiota (such as destroying its normal structure, reducing its abundance and the stability of the microbial network or certain microbe abundance like Alistipes), and then change the intestinal metabolism (such as acetate, caproate, propionate), leading to liver metabolic disorder (such as spermidine, inosine, cinnamaldehyde). This study proved the possibility of Cef-induced liver damage, displayed the overall metabolic profile of the liver following Cef pretreatment and provided a theoretical framework for further research into the mechanism of Cef-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengze Lai
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Linkang Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoting Zhong
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zeli Tang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Guangzhou Liwan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengji Li
- Yunfu Disease Control and Prevention Center, Guang Dong Province, China
| | - Mengcheng Jin
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yinying Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanqin Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Lianxian Guo
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.
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23
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Vendrik KE, Chernova VO, Kuijper EJ, Terveer EM, van Hilten JJ, Contarino MF. Safety and feasibility of faecal microbiota transplantation for patients with Parkinson's disease: a protocol for a self-controlled interventional donor-FMT pilot study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e071766. [PMID: 37798034 PMCID: PMC10565159 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental studies suggest a role of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) via the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota can also influence the metabolism of levodopa, which is the mainstay of treatment of PD. Therefore, modifying the gut microbiota by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could be a supportive treatment strategy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We have developed a study protocol for a single-centre, prospective, self-controlled, interventional, safety and feasibility donor-FMT pilot study with randomisation and double-blinded allocation of donor faeces. The primary objectives are feasibility and safety of FMT in patients with PD. Secondary objectives include exploring whether FMT leads to alterations in motor complications (fluctuations and dyskinesias) and PD motor and non-motor symptoms (including constipation), determining alterations in gut microbiota composition, assessing donor-recipient microbiota similarities and their association with PD symptoms and motor complications, evaluating the ease of the study protocol and examining FMT-related adverse events in patients with PD. The study population will consist of 16 patients with idiopathic PD that use levodopa and experience motor complications. They will receive FMT with faeces from one of two selected healthy human donors. FMT will be administered via a gastroscope into the duodenum, after treatment with oral vancomycin, bowel lavage and domperidone. There will be seven follow-up moments during 12 months. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee Leiden Den Haag Delft (ref. P20.087). Study results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER International Clinical Trial Registry Platform: NL9438.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karuna Ew Vendrik
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vlada O Chernova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ed J Kuijper
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M Terveer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacobus J van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Fiorella Contarino
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Haga Teaching hospital, The Hague, The Netherlands
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24
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Tang C, Wang Y, Chen D, Zhang M, Xu J, Xu C, Liu J, Kan J, Jin C. Natural polysaccharides protect against diet-induced obesity by improving lipid metabolism and regulating the immune system. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113192. [PMID: 37689942 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Unhealthy dietary patterns-induced obesity and obesity-related complications pose a great threat to human health all over the world. Accumulating evidence suggests that the pathophysiology of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders is closely associated with dysregulation of lipid and energy metabolism, and metabolic inflammation. In this review, three potential anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides are introduced. Firstly, natural polysaccharides protect against diet-induced obesity directly by improving lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Since the immunity also affects lipid and energy metabolism, natural polysaccharides improve lipid and energy metabolism by regulating host immunity. Moreover, diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress, defective autophagy and microbial dysbiosis can disrupt lipid and/or energy metabolism in a direct and/or inflammation-induced manner. Therefore, natural polysaccharides also improve lipid and energy metabolism and suppress inflammation by alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress, promoting autophagy and regulating gut microbiota composition. Specifically, this review comprehensively summarizes underlying anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides and provides a theoretical basis for the development of functional foods. For the first time, this review elucidates anti-obesity mechanisms of natural polysaccharides from the perspectives of their hypolipidemic, energy-regulating and immune-regulating mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingguo Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and safety of agricultural product, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Juan Kan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhai Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu, China
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25
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Shao T, Hsu R, Hacein-Bey C, Zhang W, Gao L, Kurth MJ, Zhao H, Shuai Z, Leung PSC. The Evolving Landscape of Fecal Microbial Transplantation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2023; 65:101-120. [PMID: 36757537 PMCID: PMC9909675 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-023-08958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract houses an enormous microbial ecosystem. Recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays significant physiological roles and maintains immune homeostasis in the human body. Dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome, can be associated with various disease states, as observed in infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Modulation of the gut microbiome has become a therapeutic target in treating these disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from a healthy donor restores the normal gut microbiota homeostasis in the diseased host. Ample evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of FMT in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). The application of FMT in other human diseases is gaining attention. This review aims to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of FMT and its efficacies in human diseases. We discuss the application, route of administration, limitations, safety, efficacies, and suggested mechanisms of FMT in rCDI, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Finally, we address the future perspectives of FMT in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihong Shao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ronald Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Camelia Hacein-Bey
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Weici Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Lixia Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Mark J Kurth
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Zongwen Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Patrick S C Leung
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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26
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Ke S, Xiao Y, Weiss ST, Chen X, Kelly CP, Liu YY. A computational method to dissect colonization resistance of the gut microbiota against pathogens. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2023; 3:100576. [PMID: 37751698 PMCID: PMC10545914 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiome protects the host through colonization resistance (CR) against the incursion of exogenous and often harmful microorganisms, but identifying the exact microbes responsible for the gut microbiota-mediated CR against a particular pathogen remains a challenge. To address this limitation, we developed a computational method: generalized microbe-phenotype triangulation (GMPT). We first systematically validated GMPT using a classical population dynamics model in community ecology and demonstrated its superiority over baseline methods. We then tested GMPT on simulated data generated from the ecological network inferred from a real community (GnotoComplex microflora) and real microbiome data on two mouse studies on Clostridioides difficile infection. We demonstrated GMPT's ability to streamline the discovery of microbes that are potentially responsible for microbiota-mediated CR against pathogens. GMPT holds promise to advance our understanding of CR mechanisms and facilitate the rational design of microbiome-based therapies for preventing and treating enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlin Ke
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yandong Xiao
- College of System Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ciarán P Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yang-Yu Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA.
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27
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Chen LA, Oliva-Hemker M, Radin A, Weidner M, O’Laughlin BD, Sears CL, Javitt NB, Hourigan SK. Longitudinal Bile Acid Composition Changes Following Faecal Microbiota Transplantation for Clostridioides difficile Infection in Children With and Without Underlying Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1364-1368. [PMID: 36988432 PMCID: PMC10441560 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Faecal microbiota transplant [FMT] is effective in treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection [CDI] and restores gut microbiota composition. This is unlikely to account for its entire mechanism of efficacy, as studies have shown that factors such as bile acids influence the risk of infection by affecting Clostridioides difficile germination. We therefore aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in the gut bile acid composition after FMT performed for recurrent CDI, in children with and without inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. METHODS Eight children received FMT; five had underlying IBD. Primary and secondary faecal bile acids were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in recipients [pre-FMT and longitudinally post-FMT for up to 6 months] and donors. RESULTS Pre-FMT, recipients had higher primary and lower secondary bile acid proportions compared with donors. Post-FMT, there was a gradual increase of secondary and decrease of primary bile acids. Whereas gut bacterial diversity had been shown to be restored in all children shortly after FMT, normalisation of bile acids to donor levels occurred only by 6 months. In children with IBD, although microbiota diversity returned to pre-FMT levels within 6 months, secondary bile acids remained at donor levels. CONCLUSIONS The differences in bile acid profiles compared with gut bacterial diversity post-FMT suggests that interactions between the two may be more complex than previously appreciated and may contribute to FMT efficacy in different ways. This initial finding demonstrates the need to further investigate gut metabolites in larger cohorts, with longitudinal sampling to understand the mechanisms of FMT effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Ann Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Oliva-Hemker
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arielle Radin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Weidner
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Brynn D O’Laughlin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Norman B Javitt
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Suchitra K Hourigan
- Clinical Microbiome Unit, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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28
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Wang S, Xiang L, li F, Deng W, lv P, Chen Y. Butyrate Protects against Clostridium difficile Infection by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0447922. [PMID: 37350595 PMCID: PMC10434071 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04479-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is caused by a prevalent nosocomial enteric pathogen, leading to high morbidity and mortality. CDI recurrence after antibiotic treatment is high; therefore, it is necessary to develop novel therapeutics against this enteric pathogen. Butyrate is used to treat many diseases because it provides energy, has anti-inflammatory properties, and maintains intestinal barrier function. An anti-CDI effect for butyrate has been reported; however, the specific mechanism remains elusive. This study aimed to explore the potential role and mechanism of butyrate in the treatment of CDI. Using a CDI mouse model, we found that butyrate significantly inhibited CDI development by regulating bile acid metabolism. Dysregulation of fecal bile acid was significantly higher, and levels of short-chain fatty acids were significantly lower in patients with CDI than those in controls. In CDI mice, butyrate exhibited a protective role by enhancing barrier protection, exerting anti-inflammatory effects, and regulating bile acid metabolism. Butyrate treatment also regulated the production of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) flora and activated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and its therapeutic effects were reduced in CDI mice treated with BSH or FXR inhibitors. Thus, butyrate treatment may serve as a novel therapeutic approach for patients with CDI. IMPORTANCE Here, we show that levels of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyrate, are reduced, and normal colon structure is damaged in patients with CDI compared with those in healthy individuals. Bile acid (BA) metabolic disorder in patients with CDI is characterized by increased primary BA levels and decreased secondary BAs. In mice, butyrate alters BA metabolism in CDI and may play a vital role in CDI treatment by promoting secondary BA metabolism. Lastly, butyrate-mediated therapeutic effects in CDI require FXR. Our findings demonstrate that butyrate treatment significantly decreases the severity of CDI-induced colitis in mice and affects BA metabolism and FXR activation, which provides a potential alternative treatment for CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leyang Xiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenlin Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinjing lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Integrative Clinical Microecology Center, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Vaughn BP, Khoruts A. Reply. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21:2433. [PMID: 36435357 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byron P Vaughn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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30
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Qiu B, Liang J, Li C. Effects of fecal microbiota transplantation in metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288718. [PMID: 37471410 PMCID: PMC10358997 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, posing serious threats to human health. This study aimed to evaluate the role of FMT in the treatment of obesity and/or metabolic syndrome and its impact on clinically important parameters. METHODS We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases up to April 31, 2022 and further assessed articles that met the eligibility criteria. Mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were used to analyze continuous data. The I2 statistic was used to measure study heterogeneity. Univariate meta-regression or subgroup analyses were performed to explore the covariates that might contribute to heterogeneity. Potential publication bias was assessed using the Egger's test. We used the GRADEpro guideline development tool to assess the quality of the evidence. RESULTS Nine studies, comprising 303 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. In the short-term outcomes (<6 weeks after FMT), compared with the placebo group, patients in the FMT group had lower FBG (MD = -0.12 mmol/L, 95% Cl: -0.23, -0.01), HbA1c (MD = -0.37 mmol/mol, 95%Cl: -0.73, -0.01), and insulin levels (MD = -24.77 mmol/L, 95% Cl: -37.60, -11.94), and higher HDL cholesterol levels (MD = 0.07 mmol/L, 95% Cl: 0.02, 0.11). CONCLUSIONS FMT, as an adjunctive therapy, does not produce any serious adverse effects and may be useful in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, especially in improving HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, and HDL cholesterol. However, there was no significant difference between the FMT group and the placebo group in terms of weight reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qiu
- International Doctoral School, University of Seville Faculty of Medicine, Seville, Spain
| | - JiaXu Liang
- International Doctoral School, University of Seville Faculty of Medicine, Seville, Spain
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Henan University of Chinese Medicine (Zhengzhou People's Hospital), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Endocrinology of North District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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31
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Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, Okafor CD, Patterson AD. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:236-247. [PMID: 36253479 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of bile acid research, diverse biological roles for bile acids have been discovered recently due to developments in understanding the human microbiota. As additional bacterial enzymes are characterized, and the tools used for identifying new bile acids become increasingly more sensitive, the repertoire of bile acids metabolized and/or synthesized by bacteria continues to grow. Additionally, bile acids impact microbiome community structure and function. In this Review, we highlight how the bile acid pool is manipulated by the gut microbiota, how it is dependent on the metabolic capacity of the bacterial community and how external factors, such as antibiotics and diet, shape bile acid composition. It is increasingly important to understand how bile acid signalling networks are affected in distinct organs where the bile acid composition differs, and how these networks impact infectious, metabolic and neoplastic diseases. These advances have enabled the development of therapeutics that target imbalances in microbiota-associated bile acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Health Liver Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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32
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Bai H, Liu T, Wang S, Shen L, Wang Z. Variations in gut microbiome and metabolites of dogs with acute diarrhea in poodles and Labrador retrievers. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:97. [PMID: 36823480 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
For different breeds of dogs with acute diarrhea, the gut microbiota and metabolome profiles are unclear. This prospective observational study analyzed the gut microbiomes of poodles with acute diarrhea and Labrador retrievers with acute diarrhea based on 16S amplicon sequencing, with respective healthy dogs as controls. Fecal non-target metabolomics and metagenomics were performed on poodles with acute diarrhea. This study found that the diversity and structure of the microbial community differed significantly between the two breeds in cohorts of healthy dogs. Two breeds of dogs with acute diarrhea demonstrated different changes in microbial communities and metabolic functions. The metabolism of starch and sucrose was significantly decreased in dogs with acute diarrhea, which may be attributed to the reduced activity of dextran dextrinase. Non-targeted metabolomics identified 21 abnormal metabolic pathways exhibited by dogs with acute diarrhea, including starch, amino acid, bile acid metabolism, etc., and were closely related to specific intestinal flora. This study provided new insights into breed specificity and the development of dietary treatment strategy in canine gastrointestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasong Bai
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Songjun Wang
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
| | - Liya Shen
- Nourse Centre for Pet Nutrition, Wuhu, 241200, China
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33
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Big Data in Gastroenterology Research. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032458. [PMID: 36768780 PMCID: PMC9916510 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying individual data types in isolation provides only limited and incomplete answers to complex biological questions and particularly falls short in revealing sufficient mechanistic and kinetic details. In contrast, multi-omics approaches to studying health and disease permit the generation and integration of multiple data types on a much larger scale, offering a comprehensive picture of biological and disease processes. Gastroenterology and hepatobiliary research are particularly well-suited to such analyses, given the unique position of the luminal gastrointestinal (GI) tract at the nexus between the gut (mucosa and luminal contents), brain, immune and endocrine systems, and GI microbiome. The generation of 'big data' from multi-omic, multi-site studies can enhance investigations into the connections between these organ systems and organisms and more broadly and accurately appraise the effects of dietary, pharmacological, and other therapeutic interventions. In this review, we describe a variety of useful omics approaches and how they can be integrated to provide a holistic depiction of the human and microbial genetic and proteomic changes underlying physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. We highlight the potential pitfalls and alternatives to help avoid the common errors in study design, execution, and analysis. We focus on the application, integration, and analysis of big data in gastroenterology and hepatobiliary research.
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34
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Alam MZ, Maslanka JR, Abt MC. Immunological consequences of microbiome-based therapeutics. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1046472. [PMID: 36713364 PMCID: PMC9878555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1046472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex network of microscopic organisms living on and within humans, collectively referred to as the microbiome, produce wide array of biologically active molecules that shape our health. Disruption of the microbiome is associated with susceptibility to a range of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, allergy, obesity, and infection. A new series of next-generation microbiome-based therapies are being developed to treat these diseases by transplanting bacteria or bacterial-derived byproducts into a diseased individual to reset the recipient's microbiome and restore health. Microbiome transplantation therapy is still in its early stages of being a routine treatment option and, with a few notable exceptions, has had limited success in clinical trials. In this review, we highlight the successes and challenges of implementing these therapies to treat disease with a focus on interactions between the immune system and microbiome-based therapeutics. The immune activation status of the microbiome transplant recipient prior to transplantation has an important role in supporting bacterial engraftment. Following engraftment, microbiome transplant derived signals can modulate immune function to ameliorate disease. As novel microbiome-based therapeutics are developed, consideration of how the transplants will interact with the immune system will be a key factor in determining whether the microbiome-based transplant elicits its intended therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael C. Abt
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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35
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Lai Z, Zhan X, Lin L, Zhang J, Qi W, Yang H, Mao S, Jin W. High-grain diet feeding alters ileal microbiota and disrupts bile acid metabolism in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad278. [PMID: 37606090 PMCID: PMC10494876 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) play an important role in the regulation of lipid metabolic homeostasis, but little is known about their metabolism in dairy cows fed a high-grain (HG) diet. In the present study, we examined the bacterial community, BA profile, and the FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway in the ileum and liver to investigate the gut microbe-BA metabolism interactions response to HG diet and the changes in the subsequent enterohepatic circulation of dairy cows. The results showed that the ileal bacterial community was altered, with an increase of Paraclostridium, Anaerobutyricum, Shuttleworthia, and Stomatobaculum in the relative abundance in the HG group. Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the abundance of total bacteria and bacterial bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) genes was increased in the ileal digesta in the HG group. Meanwhile, HG feeding also decreased the total BA content in the digesta of jejunum and ileum and in feces. HG feeding altered the BA profile in the ileal digesta by increasing unconjugated BAs and decreasing conjugated BAs. In addition, the intestinal FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway was activated. The expression of CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) was depressed, which inhibited BAs synthesis in the liver of cows fed HG. Overall, HG feeding altered the ileal bacterial community and BA profile, and activated FXR/FGF19 signaling pathway, resulting in a decrease of BA level in the ileal digesta via the inhibition of hepatic BA synthesis. The findings provided novel insights into understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and the homeostasis of BAs in dairy cows fed a HG diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lai
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Zhan
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Limei Lin
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiyou Zhang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weibiao Qi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huisheng Yang
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, the National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230041, China
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36
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Gholam-Mostafaei FS, Azimirad M, Naseri K, Nabavi-Rad A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Shahrokh S, Ebrahimi Daryani N, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Intestinal microbiota changes pre- and post-fecal microbiota transplantation for treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection among Iranian patients with concurrent inflammatory bowel disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1147945. [PMID: 36910213 PMCID: PMC9998922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1147945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at a greater risk for the recurrence of Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) that is triggered by intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a highly effective therapeutic option for this complication. However, little is known about the impact of FMT on intestinal microbiota alterations in rCDI patients suffering from IBD. In this study, we aimed to investigate post-FMT intestinal microbiota alterations in Iranian rCDI patients with underlying IBD. Methods A total of 21 fecal samples were collected including 14 samples pre- and post-FMT and 7 samples from healthy donors. Microbial analysis was performed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene. The pre-FMT profile and composition of the fecal microbiota were compared to the microbial changes of samples collected 28 days after FMT. Results and discussion Overall, the fecal microbiota profile of recipients was more similar to donor samples after the transplantation. We observed a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes post-FMT, compared to the pre-FMT microbial profile. Furthermore, there were remarkable differences between the microbial profile of pre-FMT, post-FMT, and healthy donor samples by PCoA analysis based on the ordination distance. This study demonstrates FMT as a safe and effective approach to restore the indigenous composition of the intestinal microbiota in rCDI patients and ultimately results in the treatment of concurrent IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Sadat Gholam-Mostafaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kaveh Naseri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Shahrokh
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Bloom PP, Young VB. Microbiome therapeutics for the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:89-101. [PMID: 36536532 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2154600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gut microbiome is implicated in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and recurrent CDI (rCDI). AREAS COVERED This review covers the mechanisms by which microbiome therapeutics treat rCDI, their efficacy and safety, and clinical trial design considerations for future research. EXPERT OPINION Altering the chemical environment of the gut and reconstituting colonization resistance is a promising strategy for preventing and treating rCDI. Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is safe and effective for the treatment of rCDI. However, limitations of FMT have prompted investigation into alternative microbiome therapeutics. These alternative microbiome therapies require further evaluation, and adaptive trial designs should be strongly considered to more rapidly discern variables including the need for bowel preparation, timing and selection of pre-treatment antibiotics, and dose and duration of microbiome therapeutics. A broad range of adverse events must be prospectively evaluated in these controlled trials, as microbiome therapeutics have the potential for numerous effects. Future studies will lead to a greater understanding of the mechanisms by which microbiome therapies can break the cycle of rCDI, which should ultimately yield a personalized approach to rCDI treatment that restores an individual's specific deficit(s) in colonization resistance to C. difficile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia P Bloom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, USA
| | - Vincent B Young
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, USA
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38
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Mullish BH, Martinez-Gili L, Chekmeneva E, Correia GDS, Lewis MR, Horneffer-Van Der Sluis V, Roberts LA, McDonald JAK, Pechlivanis A, Walters JRF, McClure EL, Marchesi JR, Allegretti JR. Assessing the clinical value of faecal bile acid profiling to predict recurrence in primary Clostridioides difficile infection. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 56:1556-1569. [PMID: 36250604 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Factors influencing recurrence risk in primary Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are poorly understood, and tools predicting recurrence are lacking. Perturbations in bile acids (BAs) contribute to CDI pathogenesis and may be relevant to primary disease prognosis. AIMS To define stool BA dynamics in patients with primary CDI and to explore signatures predicting recurrence METHODS: Weekly stool samples were collected from patients with primary CDI from the last day of anti-CDI therapy until recurrence or, otherwise, through 8 weeks post-completion. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile BAs. Stool bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity was measured to determine primary BA bacterial deconjugation capacity. Multivariate and univariate models were used to define differential BA trajectories in patients with recurrence versus those without, and to assess faecal BAs as predictive markers for recurrence. RESULTS Twenty (36%) of 56 patients (median age: 57, 64% male) had recurrence; 80% of recurrences occurred within the first 9 days post-antibiotic treatment. Principal component analysis of stool BA profiles demonstrated clustering by recurrence status and post-treatment timepoint. Longitudinal faecal BA trajectories showed recovery of secondary BAs and their derivatives only in patients without recurrence. BSH activity increased over time only among non-relapsing patients (β = 0.056; likelihood ratio test p = 0.018). A joint longitudinal-survival model identified five stool BAs with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.73 for predicting recurrence within 9 days post-CDI treatment. CONCLUSIONS Gut BA metabolism dynamics differ in primary CDI patients between those developing recurrence and those who do not. Individual BAs show promise as potential novel biomarkers to predict CDI recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Laura Martinez-Gili
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elena Chekmeneva
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building, Hammersmith House Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gonçalo D S Correia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building, Hammersmith House Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew R Lewis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building, Hammersmith House Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Verena Horneffer-Van Der Sluis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, National Phenome Centre, IRDB Building, Hammersmith House Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Department for Diagnostics, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lauren A Roberts
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandros Pechlivanis
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Biomic_Auth, Bioanalysis and Omics Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Julian R F Walters
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Emma L McClure
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica R Allegretti
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Forster ER, Yang X, Tai AK, Hang HC, Shen A. Identification of a Bile Acid-Binding Transcription Factor in Clostridioides difficile Using Chemical Proteomics. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:3086-3099. [PMID: 36279369 PMCID: PMC10518218 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium that is the leading cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis in the US. In the gut milieu, C. difficile encounters microbiota-derived, growth-inhibiting bile acids that are thought to be a significant mechanism of colonization resistance. While the levels of certain bile acids in the gut correlate with susceptibility to C. difficile infection, their molecular targets in C. difficile remain unknown. In this study, we sought to use chemical proteomics to identify bile acid-interacting proteins in C. difficile. Using photoaffinity bile acid probes and chemical proteomics, we identified a previously uncharacterized MerR family protein, CD3583 (now BapR), as a putative bile acid-sensing transcription regulator. Our data indicate that BapR specifically binds to and is stabilized by lithocholic acid (LCA) in C. difficile. Although loss of BapR did not affect C. difficile's sensitivity to LCA, ΔbapR cells elongated more in the presence of LCA compared to wild-type cells. Transcriptomics revealed that BapR regulates several gene clusters, with the expression of the mdeA-cd3573 locus being specifically de-repressed in the presence of LCA in a BapR-dependent manner. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that BapR directly binds to the mdeA promoter region. Because mdeA is involved in amino acid-related sulfur metabolism and the mdeA-cd3573 locus encodes putative transporters, we propose that BapR senses a gastrointestinal tract-specific small molecule, LCA, as an environmental cue for metabolic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Forster
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Xinglin Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
- Data Intensive Studies Center, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Howard C Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Aimee Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
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40
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Hou J, Xiang J, Li D, Liu X, Pan W. Gut microbial response to host metabolic phenotypes. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1019430. [PMID: 36419554 PMCID: PMC9676441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1019430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies have proved that biological metabolic phenotypes exist objectively and are gradually recognized by humans. Gut microbes affect the host's metabolic phenotype. They directly or indirectly participate in host metabolism, physiology and immunity through changes in population structure, metabolite differences, signal transduction and gene expression. Obtaining comprehensive information and specific identification factors associated with gut microbiota and host metabolic phenotypes has become the focus of research in the field of gut microbes, and it has become possible to find new and effective ways to prevent or treat host metabolic diseases. In the future, precise treatment of gut microbes will become one of the new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the content of gut microbes and carbohydrate, amino acid, lipid and nucleic acid metabolic phenotypes, including metabolic intermediates, mechanisms of action, latest research findings and treatment strategies, which will help to understand the relationship between gut microbes and host metabolic phenotypes and the current research status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianguo Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Deliang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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41
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Breuninger TA, Wawro N, Freuer D, Reitmeier S, Artati A, Grallert H, Adamski J, Meisinger C, Peters A, Haller D, Linseisen J. Fecal Bile Acids and Neutral Sterols Are Associated with Latent Microbial Subgroups in the Human Gut. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090846. [PMID: 36144250 PMCID: PMC9504437 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids, neutral sterols, and the gut microbiome are intricately intertwined and each affects human health and metabolism. However, much is still unknown about this relationship. This analysis included 1280 participants of the KORA FF4 study. Fecal metabolites (primary and secondary bile acids, plant and animal sterols) were analyzed using a metabolomics approach. Dirichlet regression models were used to evaluate associations between the metabolites and twenty microbial subgroups that were previously identified using latent Dirichlet allocation. Significant associations were identified between 12 of 17 primary and secondary bile acids and several of the microbial subgroups. Three subgroups showed largely positive significant associations with bile acids, and six subgroups showed mostly inverse associations with fecal bile acids. We identified a trend where microbial subgroups that were previously associated with “healthy” factors were here inversely associated with fecal bile acid levels. Conversely, subgroups that were previously associated with “unhealthy” factors were positively associated with fecal bile acid levels. These results indicate that further research is necessary regarding bile acids and microbiota composition, particularly in relation to metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Breuninger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Nina Wawro
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dennis Freuer
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Reitmeier
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Anna Artati
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Institute of Epidemiology, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354 Freising, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstr. 2, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- ZIEL—Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Soveral LF, Korczaguin GG, Schmidt PS, Nunes IS, Fernandes C, Zárate-Bladés CR. Immunological mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4762-4772. [PMID: 36156924 PMCID: PMC9476857 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i33.4762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful method for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (rCDI) with around 90% efficacy. Due to the relative simplicity of this approach, it is being widely used and currently, thousands of patients have been treated with FMT worldwide. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying its effects are just beginning to be understood. Data indicate that FMT effectiveness is due to a combination of microbiological direct mechanisms against C. difficile, but also through indirect mechanisms including the production of microbiota-derived metabolites as secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids. Moreover, the modulation of the strong inflammatory response triggered by C. difficile after FMT seems to rely on a pivotal role of regulatory T cells, which would be responsible for the reduction of several cells and soluble inflammatory mediators, ensuing normalization of the intestinal mucosal immune system. In this minireview, we analyze recent advances in these immunological aspects associated with the efficacy of FMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Soveral
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriela G Korczaguin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro S Schmidt
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Isabel S Nunes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Camilo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Nereu Ramos, Florianopolis 88025-301, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Center for Dysbiosis Control, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88037-000, Brazil
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Oberkampf M, Hamiot A, Altamirano-Silva P, Bellés-Sancho P, Tremblay YDN, DiBenedetto N, Seifert R, Soutourina O, Bry L, Dupuy B, Peltier J. c-di-AMP signaling is required for bile salt resistance, osmotolerance, and long-term host colonization by Clostridioides difficile. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabn8171. [PMID: 36067333 PMCID: PMC9831359 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abn8171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
To colonize the host and cause disease, the human enteropathogen Clostridioides difficile must sense, respond, and adapt to the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. We showed that the production and degradation of cyclic diadenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) were necessary during different phases of C. difficile growth, environmental adaptation, and infection. The production of this nucleotide second messenger was essential for growth because it controlled the uptake of potassium and also contributed to biofilm formation and cell wall homeostasis, whereas its degradation was required for osmotolerance and resistance to detergents and bile salts. The c-di-AMP binding transcription factor BusR repressed the expression of genes encoding the compatible solute transporter BusAA-AB. Compared with the parental strain, a mutant lacking BusR was more resistant to hyperosmotic and bile salt stresses, whereas a mutant lacking BusAA was more susceptible. A short exposure of C. difficile cells to bile salts decreased intracellular c-di-AMP concentrations, suggesting that changes in membrane properties induce alterations in the intracellular c-di-AMP concentration. A C. difficile strain that could not degrade c-di-AMP failed to persist in a mouse gut colonization model as long as the wild-type strain did. Thus, the production and degradation of c-di-AMP in C. difficile have pleiotropic effects, including the control of osmolyte uptake to confer osmotolerance and bile salt resistance, and its degradation is important for host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Oberkampf
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Hamiot
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Pamela Altamirano-Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paula Bellés-Sancho
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Yannick D. N. Tremblay
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Nicholas DiBenedetto
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology and Research Core Unit Metabolomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Olga Soutourina
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Lynn Bry
- Massachusetts Host-Microbiome Center, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno Dupuy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Johann Peltier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR-CNRS 6047, Laboratoire Pathogenèse des Bactéries Anaérobies, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Qu Z, Tian P, Yang B, Zhao J, Wang G, Chen W. Fecal microbiota transplantation for diseases: Therapeutic potential, methodology, risk management in clinical practice. Life Sci 2022; 304:120719. [PMID: 35716734 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 95 % of human diseases may be related to the disturbance of gut microbes. As a treatment method that extensively regulates the gut microbes, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has proven to be an effective therapy for some diseases, becoming a topic of interest among clinicians, patients and scientists. AIM To review the latest clinical research results of FMT in the treatment of various diseases and the methodology and risk management in clinical application. METHODS Search PubMed and Web of Science for reliable research results of clinical treatment of FMT within 5-10 years, as well as application guidelines and risk management policies in different regions. RESULTS As a measure of allogeneic/autologous microbiota transplantation, FMT has been used to treat a variety of diseases. By reviewing the clinical studies of FMT in gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, neurological diseases and malignant tumors, the various mechanisms in the treatment of diseases are summarized. Such as regulation of receptor microbiota composition, specific metabolites, phage function and immune response. In addition, potential risk factors, donor stool screening indicators, recipient self-specificity and possible prognostic marker molecules in the course of FMT treatment were generalized. CONCLUSIONS The potential regulatory mechanisms, risk factors and targets of FMT in gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic diseases, malignancies and neurological diseases were reviewed and proposed. It provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of a standardized treatment system for FMT and a breakthrough in treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Cai J, Rimal B, Jiang C, Chiang JYL, Patterson AD. Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108238. [PMID: 35792223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The diversity, composition, and function of the bacterial community inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract contributes to host health through its role in producing energy or signaling molecules that regulate metabolic and immunologic functions. Bile acids are potent metabolic and immune signaling molecules synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and then transported to the intestine where they can undergo metabolism by gut bacteria. The combination of host- and microbiota-derived enzymatic activities contribute to the composition of the bile acid pool and thus there can be great diversity in bile acid composition that depends in part on the differences in the gut bacteria species. Bile acids can profoundly impact host metabolic and immunological functions by activating different bile acid receptors to regulate signaling pathways that control a broad range of complex symbiotic metabolic networks, including glucose, lipid, steroid and xenobiotic metabolism, and modulation of energy homeostasis. Disruption of bile acid signaling due to perturbation of the gut microbiota or dysregulation of the gut microbiota-host interaction is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of metabolic disorders. The metabolic and immunological roles of bile acids in human health have led to novel therapeutic approaches to manipulate the bile acid pool size, composition, and function by targeting one or multiple components of the microbiota-bile acid-bile acid receptor axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Bipin Rimal
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, and the Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, PR China
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Abstract
The nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile is a burden to the healthcare system. Gut microbiome disruption, most commonly by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, is well established to generate a state that is susceptible to CDI. A variety of metabolites produced by the host and/or gut microbiota have been shown to interact with C. difficile. Certain bile acids promote/inhibit germination while other cholesterol-derived compounds and amino acids used in the Stickland metabolic pathway affect growth and CDI colonization. Short chain fatty acids maintain intestinal barrier integrity and a myriad of other metabolic compounds are used as nutritional sources or used by C. difficile to inhibit or outcompete other bacteria in the gut. As the move toward non-antibiotic CDI treatment takes place, a deeper understanding of interactions between C. difficile and the host's gut microbiome and metabolites becomes more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A. Sorg
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA,CONTACT Joseph A. Sorg Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843, USA
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Pavanello A, Martins IP, Tófolo LP, Previate C, Matiusso CCI, Francisco FA, Prates KV, Alves VS, de Almeida DL, Ribeiro TA, Malta A, Mathias PCDF. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation During Lactation Programs the Metabolism of Adult Wistar Rats in a Sex-specific Way. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:492-500. [PMID: 35840468 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intestinal microbiota is involved in many physiological processes. However, the effects of microbiota in metabolic programming still unknow. We evaluated whether the transplantation of fecal microbiota during early life can program health or disease during adulthood in a model of lean and obese male and female Wistar rats. METHODS Parental obesity were induced using a small litter (SL, 3 pups/dam) model. At 90 d old, normal litter (NL, 9 pups/dam) and SL males and females (parents) from different litters were mated: NL male vs. NL female; SL male vs. SL female. After birth, male and female offspring rats were also standardized in normal litters or small litters . From the 10th until 25th d of life, the NL and SL male and female offspring received via gavage of a solution containing the diluted feces of the opposite dam (fecal microbiota, M) or saline solution (S). At 90 d of age, biometric and biochemical parameters were assessed. RESULTS NLM male rats transplanted with obese microbiota showed increased body weight, and fat pad deposition, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. SLM male rats transplanted with lean microbiota had decreased retroperitoneal and mesenteric fat, triglycerides and VLDL levels and improvement of glucose tolerance. Despite SLM female rats showed higher visceral fat, microbiota transplantation in female rats caused no changes in these parameters compared with control groups. CONCLUSION Fecal microbiota transplantation during lactation induces long-term effects on the metabolism of male Wistar rats. However, female rats were resistant to metabolic alterations caused by the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrei Pavanello
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Isabela Peixoto Martins
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Departament of Morphological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Carina Previate
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Andrade Francisco
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Kelly Valério Prates
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Vander Silva Alves
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Douglas Lopes de Almeida
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, McMaster University-Hamilton ON Canada
| | - Ananda Malta
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cellular Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Li Q, Zhou S, Wang Y, Cong J. Changes of intestinal microbiota and microbiota-based treatments in IBD. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:442. [PMID: 35776212 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03069-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has gained increasing attention from researchers in terms of its pathophysiology as a global disease with a growing incidence. Although the exact etiology of IBD is still unknown currently, various studies have made us realize that it is related to the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota and the link between the two may not just be a simple causal relationship, but also a dynamic and complicated one. The intestinal microbiota has been confirmed to be closely related to the occurrence, development, and treatment of IBD. Therefore, this review focuses on the changes in the structure, function, and metabolites of intestinal bacteria, fungi, and viruses in influencing IBD, as well as various approaches to IBD treatment by changing disordered intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, more clinical studies will be needed to focus on the efficacy of intestinal microbiota-based treatments in IBD, because of the existence of both advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyu Li
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Zhou
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanna Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Cong
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, People's Republic of China.
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Di Vincenzo F, Puca P, Lopetuso LR, Petito V, Masi L, Bartocci B, Murgiano M, De Felice M, Petronio L, Gasbarrini A, Scaldaferri F. Bile Acid-Related Regulation of Mucosal Inflammation and Intestinal Motility: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Application in IBD and Microscopic Colitis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132664. [PMID: 35807844 PMCID: PMC9268369 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and microscopic colitis are chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorders that affect the gastroenterological tract and arise from a complex interaction between the host’s genetic risk factors, environmental factors, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. The precise mechanistic pathways interlinking the intestinal mucosa homeostasis, the immunological tolerance, and the gut microbiota are still crucial topics for research. We decided to deeply analyze the role of bile acids in these complex interactions and their metabolism in the modulation of gut microbiota, and thus intestinal mucosa inflammation. Recent metabolomics studies revealed a significant defect in bile acid metabolism in IBD patients, with an increase in primary bile acids and a reduction in secondary bile acids. In this review, we explore the evidence linking bile acid metabolites with the immunological pathways involved in IBD pathogenesis, including apoptosis and inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we summarize the principal etiopathogenetic mechanisms of different types of bile acid-induced diarrhea (BAD) and its main novel diagnostic approaches. Finally, we discuss the role of bile acid in current and possible future state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for both IBD and BAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierluigi Puca
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Valentina Petito
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Letizia Masi
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
| | - Bianca Bartocci
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Marco Murgiano
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Margherita De Felice
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Petronio
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- IBD Unit—UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, CEMAD, Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.P.); (L.R.L.); (V.P.); (L.M.); (A.G.); (F.S.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L. Go F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (B.B.); (M.M.); (M.D.F.); (L.P.)
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Zhang ZJ, Lehmann CJ, Cole CG, Pamer EG. Translating Microbiome Research From and To the Clinic. Annu Rev Microbiol 2022; 76:435-460. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-041020-022206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has elucidated the influence of the gut microbiota on human health and disease susceptibility and resistance. We review recent clinical and laboratory-based experimental studies associating the gut microbiota with certain human diseases. We also highlight ongoing translational advances that manipulate the gut microbiota to treat human diseases and discuss opportunities and challenges in translating microbiome research from and to the bedside. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 76 is September 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrun J. Zhang
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Cody G. Cole
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine and Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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