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Igarashi N, Kasai K, Tada Y, Kani K, Kato M, Takano S, Goto K, Matsuura Y, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Watanabe S, Tsuneyama K, Furusawa Y, Nagai Y. Impacts of liver macrophages, gut microbiota, and bile acid metabolism on the differences in iHFC diet-induced MASH progression between TSNO and TSOD mice. Inflamm Res 2024; 73:1081-1098. [PMID: 38619583 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-024-01884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tsumura-Suzuki non-obese (TSNO) mice exhibit a severe form of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) with advanced liver fibrosis upon feeding a high-fat/cholesterol/cholate-based (iHFC) diet. Another ddY strain, Tsumura-Suzuki diabetes obese (TSOD) mice, are impaired in the progression of iHFC diet-induced MASH. AIM To elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to the differences in MASH progression between TSNO and TSOD mice. METHODS We analyzed differences in the immune system, gut microbiota, and bile acid metabolism in TSNO and TSOD mice fed with a normal diet (ND) or an iHFC diet. RESULTS TSOD mice had more anti-inflammatory macrophages in the liver than TSNO mice under ND feeding, and were impaired in the iHFC diet-induced accumulation of fibrosis-associated macrophages and formation of histological hepatic crown-like structures in the liver. The gut microbiota of TSOD mice also exhibited a distinct community composition with lower diversity and higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila compared with that in TSNO mice. Finally, TSOD mice had lower levels of bile acids linked to intestinal barrier disruption under iHFC feeding. CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of liver macrophage subsets, and the compositions of the gut microbiota and bile acids at steady state and post-onset of MASH, had major impacts on MASH development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Igarashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaichi Kasai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yuki Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Koudai Kani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Miyuna Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shun Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kana Goto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yudai Matsuura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shiro Watanabe
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan.
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Arnalich-Montiel A, Burgos-Santamaría A, Pazó-Sayós L, Quintana-Villamandos B. Comprehensive Management of Stroke: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5252. [PMID: 38791292 PMCID: PMC11120719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a challenging disease, which needs urgent comprehensive management. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT), alone or combined with iv thrombolysis, is currently the most effective therapy for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, only a limited number of patients are eligible for this time-sensitive treatment. Even though there is still significant room for improvement in the management of this group of patients, up until now there have been no alternative therapies approved for use in clinical practice. However, there is still hope, as clinical research with novel emerging therapies is now generating promising results. These drugs happen to stop or palliate some of the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in cerebral ischemia and secondary brain damage. The aim of this review is to provide a deep understanding of these mechanisms and the pathogenesis of AIS. Later, we will discuss the potential therapies that have already demonstrated, in preclinical or clinical studies, to improve the outcomes of patients with AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Arnalich-Montiel
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Burgos-Santamaría
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
| | - Laia Pazó-Sayós
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
| | - Begoña Quintana-Villamandos
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Gregorio Marañón’s University Hospital, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.-S.); (B.Q.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hassan YR, El-Shiekh RA, El Hefnawy HM, Mohamed OG, Abu-Elfotuh K, Hamdan AM, Darwish A, Gowifel AMH, Tripathi A, Michael CG. A mechanistic exploration of the metabolome of African mango seeds and its potential to alleviate cognitive impairment induced by high-fat/high-carbohydrate diets: Involvement of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2, and AMPK/SIRT-1/mTOR Axes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 324:117747. [PMID: 38218500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O'Rorke) Baill., also known as "African mango" or "bush mango", belonging to family Irvingiaceae, has been mostly used as food and traditional medicine for weight loss and to enhance the health. AIM OF THE STUDY The overconsumption of high-fat and high-carbohydrate (HFHC) food induces oxidative stress, leading to neurological and cognitive dysfunction. Consequently, there is an immediate need for effective treatment. Hence, this study explored the efficacy of orlistat, metformin, and I. gabonensis seeds' total aqueous extract (IG SAE) in addressing HFHC-induced cognitive impairment by mitigating oxidative stress and their underlying mechanistic pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Initially, the secondary metabolite profile of IG SAE is determined using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a mass detector (UHPLC/MS). The in vivo study involves two phases: an established model phase with control (10 rats on a standard diet) and HFHC diet group (50 rats) for 3 months. In the study phase, HFHC is divided into 5 groups. The first subgroup receives HFHC diet only, while the remaining groups each receive HFHC diet with either Orlistat, metformin, or IG SAE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively, for 28 days. RESULTS More than 150 phytoconstituents were characterized for the first holistic approach onto IG metabolome. Characterization of IG SAE revealed that tannins dominate metabolites in the plant. Total phenolics and flavonoids were estimated to standardize our extract (77.12 ± 7.09 μg Gallic acid equivalent/mg extract and 8.039 ± 0.53 μg Rutin equivalent/mg extract, respectively). Orlistat, metformin, and IG SAE successfully reduced the body weight, blood glucose level, lipid profile, oxidative stress and neurotransmitters levels leading to improved behavioral functions as well as histological alternation. Also, IG SAE halted inflammation, apoptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, together with promoting autophagy, via modulation of PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB, PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2 and AMPK/SIRT-1/m-TOR pathways. CONCLUSION Metformin, orlistat, and IG SAE offer a promising multi-target therapy to mitigate HFHC diet-induced oxidative stress, addressing cognitive function. This involves diverse molecular mechanisms, particularly the modulation of inflammation, ER stress, and both PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β/CREB and AMPK/SIRT-1/m-TOR pathways. Furthermore, the higher dose of IG SAE demonstrated effects comparable to orlistat and metformin across most studied parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riham A El-Shiekh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala M El Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Karema Abu-Elfotuh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Ahmed M Hamdan
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alshaymaa Darwish
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Ayah M H Gowifel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information (MTI), Cairo, 11571, Egypt.
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Oruc M, Gedik ME, Uner M, Ulug E, Unal RN, Gunaydin G, Dogrul AB. Effectiveness of metformin for the reversal of cold-ischemia-induced damage in hepatosteatosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102314. [PMID: 38467276 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary dysfunction and rejection are more common in donor liver tissues with steatosis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) assumes organ-protective functions during ischemia. Metformin was used for the activation of AMPK in hepatocytes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of metformin administration for the reversal of cold-ischemia-induced damage in hepatosteatosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven-week-old C7BL56 male-mice (n = 109) were separated into four groups depending on diet type and metformin use. A specific diet model was followed for 10 weeks to induce hepatosteatosis. A group of the animals was administered with metformin for the last four weeks via oral gavage. After resection, the liver tissues were perfused and kept for 0-6-12-24 h in the UW solution. Histopathological examinations were performed, and Western blot was utilized to analyze p-AMPK and AMPK expression levels. RESULTS Hepatosteatosis decreased significantly with metformin. The steatotic liver group had more prominent pericentral inflammation, necrosis as well as showing a decreased and more delayed AMPK response than the non-fat group. All these alterations could be corrected using metformin. CONCLUSION Metformin can increase the resistance of livers with hepatosteatosis to cold-ischemia-induced damage, which in turn may pave the way for successful transplantation of fatty living-donor livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Oruc
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Floor B, 06230, Ankara, Altindag 06230, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Meral Uner
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Elif Ulug
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Nergiz Unal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Bulent Dogrul
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty Of Medicine, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Floor B, 06230, Ankara, Altindag 06230, Turkey.
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Yu H, Wang J, Liu M, Hu C, Sun J, Xu B, Lu S, Huang D, Pang Q, Hu C. Metformin alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in a rat lung transplantation model. Exp Lung Res 2024; 50:15-24. [PMID: 38317565 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2023.2301615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Background: Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) is among the complications observed after lung transplantation and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Preconditioning of the donor lung before organ retrieval may improve organ quality after transplantation. We investigated whether preconditioning with metformin (Met) ameliorates LIRI after lung transplantation. Methods: Twenty Lewis rats were randomly divided into the sham, LIRI, and Met groups. The rats in the LIRI and Met groups received saline and Met, respectively, via oral gavage. Subsequently, a donor lung was harvested and kept in cold storage for 8 h. The LIRI and Met groups then underwent left lung transplantation. After 2 h of reperfusion, serum and transplanted lung tissues were examined. Results: The partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was greater in the Met group than in the LIRI group. In the Met group, wet-to-dry (W/D) weight ratios, inflammatory factor levels, oxidative stress levels and apoptosis levels were notably decreased. Conclusions: Met protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury after lung transplantation in rats, and its therapeutic effect is associated with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingzhao Liu
- Department of Lung Transplant Center, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaojiao Sun
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shunmei Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongxiao Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingfeng Pang
- Department of Physiopathology, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunxiao Hu
- Department of Transplant Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Morais MÍ, Braga AV, Silva RRL, Barbosa BCM, Costa SOAM, Rodrigues FF, Melo ISF, Matos RC, Carobin NV, Sabino AP, Coelho MM, Machado RR. Metformin inhibits paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia by activating opioidergic pathways and reducing cytokines production in the dorsal root ganglia and thalamus. Cytokine 2024; 174:156468. [PMID: 38101167 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is involved in the nociceptive processing. This observation has prompted us to investigate the effects of the AMPK activator metformin on the paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia, a well-established model of neuropathic pain. Mechanical allodynia was induced by four intraperitoneal (i.p) injections of paclitaxel (2 mg/kg.day) in mice. Metformin was administered per os (p.o.). Naltrexoneandglibenclamide were used to investigate mechanisms mediating metformin activity. Concentrations of cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and thalamus were determined. After a single p.o. administration, the two highest doses of metformin (500 and 1000 mg/kg) attenuated the mechanical allodynia. This response was attenuated by all doses of metformin (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) when two administrations, 2 h apart, were carried out. Naltrexone (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not glibenclamide (20 and 40 mg/kg, p.o.), attenuated metformin activity. Concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and CXCL-1 in the DRG were increased after administration of paclitaxel. Metformin (1000 mg/kg) reduced concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL-1 in the DRG. Concentration of IL-6, but not TNF-α, in the thalamus was increased after administration of paclitaxel. Metformin (1000 mg/kg) reduced concentration of IL-6 in the thalamus. In summary, metformin exhibits activity in the model of neuropathic pain induced by paclitaxel. This activity may be mediated by activation of opioidergic pathways and reduced production of TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL-1 in the DRG and IL-6 in the thalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Í Morais
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alysson V Braga
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Roger R L Silva
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara C M Barbosa
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sarah O A M Costa
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe F Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ivo S F Melo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Matos
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Natália V Carobin
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriano P Sabino
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio M Coelho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renes R Machado
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Neu S, Matta R, Locke JA, Troke N, Tadrous M, Saskin R, Rebullar K, Nam R, Herschorn S. The Use of Metformin in Overactive Bladder: A Retrospective Nested Case-control, Population-based Analysis. Urology 2024; 183:70-77. [PMID: 37805050 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2023.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if metformin use is associated with a lower rate of overactive bladder (OAB) medication use. Metformin facilitates the proliferation and migration of stem cells, which have been shown to improve bladder overactivity in animal models. METHODS We conducted a retrospective nested case-control cohort study using population-based health-care administrative databases. Our cohort included patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) ≥69years. Cases received a prescription for an OAB medication, matched with up to 4 controls based on age, sex, and DM2 diagnosis date. Exposure was a new prescription for metformin prior to receiving an OAB medication. Adjusted odds ratios were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Sensitivity analysis was done to assess the relationship between cumulative days' supply of metformin and use of OAB medications. RESULTS Within our cohort of 2,233,084 patients with DM2, there were 16,549 case subjects who received a prescription for an OAB medication, and 64,171 matched controls. We found a positive association between OAB medication use and metformin use (adjusted odds ratios=1.07, 95% CI=1.03-1.12). Summed days' supply of metformin was also associated with OAB medication use, except when summed metformin days was >2220. CONCLUSION Older patients with DM2 exposed to metformin had a slightly higher rate of OAB medication use, until 2220+ days' metformin supply, whereafter no association was found. This suggests no protective role for metformin in the prevention of OAB in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Neu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Rano Matta
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A Locke
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mina Tadrous
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Karla Rebullar
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Nam
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sender Herschorn
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Makiuchi N, Takano S, Tada Y, Kasai K, Igarashi N, Kani K, Kato M, Goto K, Matsuura Y, Ichimura-Shimizu M, Furusawa Y, Tsuneyama K, Nagai Y. Dynamics of Liver Macrophage Subsets in a Novel Mouse Model of Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Using C57BL/6 Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2659. [PMID: 37893033 PMCID: PMC10604124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are critical for the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our previous findings in TSNO mouse livers showed that an iHFC (high-fat/cholesterol/cholate) diet induced liver fibrosis similar to human NASH and led to the accumulation of distinct subsets of macrophage: CD11c+/Ly6C- and CD11c-/Ly6C+ cells. CD11c+/Ly6C- cells were associated with the promotion of advanced liver fibrosis in NASH. On the other hand, CD11c-/Ly6C+ cells exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect and were involved in tissue remodeling processes. This study aimed to elucidate whether an iHFC diet with reduced cholic acid (iHFC#2 diet) induces NASH in C57BL/6 mice and examine the macrophage subsets accumulating in the liver. Histological and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that the iHFC#2 diet promoted inflammation and fibrosis indicative of NASH in the livers of C57BL/6 mice. Cell numbers of Kupffer cells decreased and recruited macrophages were accumulated in the livers of iHFC#2 diet-fed C57BL/6 mice. Notably, the iHFC#2 diet resulted in the accumulation of three macrophage subsets in the livers of C57BL/6 mice: CD11c+/Ly6C-, CD11c-/Ly6C+, and CD11c+/Ly6C+ cells. However, CD11c+/Ly6C+ cells were not distinct populations in the iHFC-fed TSNO mice. Thus, differences in cholic acid content and mouse strain affect the macrophage subsets that accumulate in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Makiuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Shun Takano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yuki Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Kaichi Kasai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Naoya Igarashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Koudai Kani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Miyuna Kato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Kana Goto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Yudai Matsuura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Mayuko Ichimura-Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (K.T.)
| | - Yukihiro Furusawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 3-8-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.I.-S.); (K.T.)
| | - Yoshinori Nagai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; (N.M.); (S.T.); (Y.T.); (K.K.); (N.I.); (K.K.); (M.K.); (K.G.); (Y.M.); (Y.F.)
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9
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Guan L, Zhou D, Ge J. AMPK/mTOR-mediated therapeutic effect of metformin on myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury in diabetic rat. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:64-71. [PMID: 34994666 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2021.2024701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autophagy associated signalling pathways such as AMPK/mTOR previously were suggested to play a crucial role in protecting from ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of metformin (DMBG) on autophagy during myocardial IRI with diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS The DM rat model was established using streptozocin, and further induced ischaemia model via transitory ligation of the left anterior coronary artery and following reperfusion. The model rats were treated with 400 mg/kg/day DMBG for 1 week. Autophagosomes were investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy-associated signalling pathways were detected by western blot. RESULTS The myocardial infarct size was shown to significantly increase in the DM rats exposed to IRI compared to negative control, but decrease in DMBG treated. The mature autophagosomes were elevated in infarction and marginal zones of DM + IRI + DMBG compared to DM + IRI. Furthermore, the increasing protein levels of LC3-II, BECLIN 1, autophagy related 5 (ATG5) and AMP-activated protein kinase suggested activated autophagy-associated intracellular signalling AMPK and mTOR pathways upon DMBG treated. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the outcomes determinate a novel mechanism that DMBG could activate autophagy process to provide a cardio-protective effect against DM induced myocardial IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Daxin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, China
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10
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Effect of metformin on intact mitochondria from liver and brain: Concept revisited. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 931:175177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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11
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Metformin modulate immune fitness in hepatocellular carcinoma: Molecular and cellular approach. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Metformin-ROS-Nrf2 connection in the host defense mechanism against oxidative stress, apoptosis, cancers, and ageing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Sabzali M, Eidi A, Khaksari M, Khastar H. Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Antiapoptotic Action of Metformin Attenuates Ethanol Neurotoxicity in the Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:605-613. [PMID: 35386022 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fetal alcohol exposure has permanent effects on the brain structure, leading to functional deficits in several aspects of behavior, including learning and memory. Alcohol-induced neurocognitive impairment in offsprings is included with activation of oxidative- inflammatory cascade followed with wide apoptotic neurodegeneration in several brain areas, such as the hippocampus. Metformin is the first-line treatment for diabetic patients. It rapidly crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of metformin on ethanol-related neuroinflammation, as well as neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus of adult male rat in animal model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Treatment with ethanol in milk solution (5.25 and 27.8 g/kg, respectively) was conducted by intragastric intubation at 2-10 days after birth. To examine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of metformin, an ELISA assay was performed for determining the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and antioxidant enzyme concentrations. Immunohistochemical staining was conducted for evaluating the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Based on the results, metformin caused a significant increase in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.01) activities. On the other hand, it reduced the concentrations of TNF-α and malondialdehyde, compared to the ethanol group (P < 0.01). In the metformin group, there was a reduction in cell apoptosis in the hippocampus, as well as GFAP-positive cells (P < 0.01). Overall, apoptotic signaling, regulated by the oxidative inflammatory cascade, can be suppressed by metformin in adult brain rats following animal model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sabzali
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Eidi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khaksari
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
| | - Hossein Khastar
- Addiction Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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14
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An W, Kang JS. Effect of Metformin on Myocardial Injury Induced by Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:822743. [PMID: 35431970 PMCID: PMC9010783 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.822743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no effective medication for treatment or prevention of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HIR) injury caused by liver transplantation and hepatectomy. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of metformin on HIR injury and related myocardial injury in rats.Methods: Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, ischemia-reperfusion group, and IR group treated with metformin 150 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg. Wistar male rats were administered metformin 150 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or saline 30 min pre-operative and underwent 15 min ischemia and 6 h reperfusion (n = 4).Results: Metformin significantly alleviates the injury caused by HIR. Administration of metformin resulted in a significant reduction in the serum levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase and the activity of malondialdehyde, creatine kinase-MB, and lactate dehydrogenase but maintained high catalase and superoxide dismutase activity. Metformin significantly inhibited the IR-induced elevation of tumor necrosis factor-α in liver and heart tissue.Conclusion: Metformin can alleviate hepatic and myocardial injury induced by IR by inhibiting oxidative stress.
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15
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Okoye CN, Chinnappareddy N, Stevens D, Kamunde C. Anoxia-reoxygenation modulates cadmium-induced liver mitochondrial reactive oxygen species emission during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 252:109227. [PMID: 34728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Aquatic organisms are frequently exposed to multiple stressors including low dissolved oxygen (O2) and metals such as cadmium (Cd). Reduced O2 concentration and Cd exposure alter cellular function in part by impairing energy metabolism and dysregulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. However, little is known about the role of mitochondrial glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH) in ROS homeostasis in fish and its response to environmental stress. In this study, mGPDH activity and the effects of anoxia-reoxygenation (A-RO) and Cd on ROS (as hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) emission in rainbow trout liver mitochondria during oxidation of glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) were probed. Trout liver mitochondria exhibited low mGPDH activity that supported a low respiratory rate but substantial H2O2 emission rate. Cd evoked a low concentration stimulatory-high concentration inhibitory H2O2 emission pattern that was blunted by A-RO. At specific redox centers, Cd suppressed H2O2 emission from site IQ, but stimulated emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. In contrast, A-RO stimulated H2O2 emission from site IQ following 15 min exposure and augmented Cd-stimulated emission from site IIF after 30 min exposure but did not alter the rate of H2O2 emission from sites IIIQo and GQ. Additionally, Cd neither altered the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or thioredoxin reductase nor the concentrations of total glutathione, reduced glutathione, or oxidized glutathione. Overall, this study indicates that oxidation of G3P drives ROS production from mGPDH and complexes I, II and III, whereas Cd directly modulates redox sites but not antioxidant defense systems to alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chidozie N Okoye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Don Stevens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Collins Kamunde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
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16
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Omar ZMM, Ahmed AAN, El-Bakry MH, Ahmed MA, Hasan A. Metformin versus Silymarin as Hepatoprotective Agents in Mice Fibrotic Model Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2022; 80:659-668. [PMID: 35093389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study metformin hepatoprotective effects compared to silymarin on hepatic fibrosis caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS liver fibrosis in mice was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml/kg of CCl4 dilution in olive oil [1:9 (v/v)] twice a week for 7 weeks followed by oral treatment with metformin (250 mg/kg/day) or silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) (a standard hepatoprotective drug). The changes that follow liver fibrosis were assessed by measurement of hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), histopathological examination using hematoxylin and eosin stain, special stains, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunostaining, measuring oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, NOx and MnSOD) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in liver. RESULTS liver fibrosis was obviously developed in mice after intraperitoneal injection with CCl4 for 7 weeks. Both silymarin and metformin treatment exhibited a significant decrease in the fibrotic changes and similarly an increase in endogenous antioxidants. Interestingly there is a significant difference between silymarin and metformin regarding both efficacy and potency. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifibrotic effects of metformin in CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis in mice, but silymarin is more beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed Ahmed Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdulkarim Hasan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al- Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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17
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Metformin effect in models of inflammation is associated with activation of ATP-dependent potassium channels and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α production. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 30:233-241. [PMID: 34850313 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic drug widely used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We have recently demonstrated that metformin exhibits activity in models of nociceptive and neuropathic pain. However, little is known about its effects in experimental models of inflammation and inflammatory pain. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the activity of metformin in experimental models of inflammation and inflammatory pain in mice, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Previous (1 h) per os (p.o.) administration of metformin (250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg) inhibited the mechanical allodynia and paw edema induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of carrageenan (600 μg) and also the pleurisy induced by this stimulus (200 μg, intrapleural). In the model of mechanical allodynia and paw edema induced by carrageenan, metformin also exhibited activity when administered after (1 h) the inflammatory stimulus. Metformin (1000 mg/kg) reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α induced by i.pl. injection of carrageenan. Metformin antiallodynic effect was not affected by previous administration of naltrexone (5 or 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or cyproheptadine (5 or 10 mg/kg, p.o). However, this effect was abolished by previous administration of glibenclamide (20 or 40 mg/kg, p.o). In conclusion, the results demonstrate the activity of metformin in models of inflammation and inflammatory pain. In addition, the results indicate that the activity of metformin may be mediated by activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and reduction of production of inflammatory mediators. Altogether, these results stimulate the conduction of studies aiming to evaluate whether metformin may be repositioned in the treatment of patients with painful and inflammatory disorders.
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18
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Metformin treatment reverses high fat diet- induced non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and dyslipidemia by stimulating multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101168. [PMID: 34825068 PMCID: PMC8605070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This current study investigated the effect of metformin treatment on hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NADLD) in high fat diet (HFD) fed rats. Method Wistar rats were fed with a HFD or laboratory chow diet for 8 weeks. Metformin was administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Body weight, food and water intake were recorded on daily basis. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), biochemical analysis and histological examinations were conducted on plasma and tissue samples. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mRNA expression was analyzed using reverse transcription polymeric chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Metformin treatment for 8 weeks prevented HFD-induced weight gain and decreased fat deposition in HFD fed rats. Biochemical analysis revealed that metformin treatment significantly attenuated nitro-oxidative stress markers malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced protein oxidation product (APOP), and excessive nitric oxide (NO) levels in the liver of HFD fed rats. Gene expression analysis demonestrated that metformin treatment was associated with an enhanced expression of antioxidant genes such as Nrf-2, HO-1, SOD and catalase in liver of HFD fed rats. Metformin treatment also found to modulate the expression of fat metabolizing and anti-inflammatory genes including PPAR--γ, C/EBP-α, SREBP1c, FAS, AMPK and GLUT-4. Consistent with the biochemical and gene expression data, the histopathological examination unveiled that metformin treatment attenuated inflammatory cells infiltration, steatosis, hepatocyte necrosis, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in the liver of HFD fed rats. Conclusion In conclusion, this study suggests that metformin might be effective in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced steatosis by reducing hepatic oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver.
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Key Words
- ALP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase
- APOP, advanced protein oxidation product
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- ATP, Adinosine triphosphate
- AUC, area under the curve
- CAT, catalase
- FAS, Fatty acid synthase
- HDL, high density lipoprotein
- HF, High fat
- HSCs, Hepatic stellate cells
- IACUC, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- LDL, low density lipoprotein
- Lipid peroxidation
- MDA, Malondialdehyde
- MPO, Myeloperoxidase
- Met, Metformin
- Metformin
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NO, nitric oxide
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- OGTT, Oral glucose tolerance test
- Obesity
- PBS, Phosphate buffer saline
- PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- SREBP1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
- TBA, Thiobarbituric acid
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
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Metformin Potentiates the Anticancer Effect of Everolimus on Cervical Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184612. [PMID: 34572837 PMCID: PMC8468269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recent studies have shown that metformin combined with clinical chemotherapeutic drugs could cause decreased cell toxicity and attenuate tumor resistance in various types of cancer. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether combined treatment with metformin and everolimus has a synergistic anticancer effect in human cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that this combined treatment synergistically inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer cell lines and xenografts in nude mice, and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis, promoting sub-G1- and G0/G1-phase arrest and enhancing mtROS production. Combined treatment also synergistically inactivated PI3K/AKT signaling and activated MAPKs signaling in cervical cancer. Our data suggested that metformin potentiates the anticancer effect of everolimus on cervical cancer, and combined treatment provides a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cervical cancer. Abstract Cervical cancer is globally the fourth most common cancer in women. Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type II diabetes and has been shown to possess important anticancer properties in cervical cancer. Everolimus is an mTOR inhibitor and is widely used to treat NETs, RCC, TSC, and breast cancers. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of metformin and everolimus in cervical cancer, when used alone or in combination. CaSki and C33A human cervical cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of everolimus alone or in combination with metformin. Cell viability was assessed using a CCK-8 assay. Cell apoptosis, cell-cycle, and mtROS analyses were conducted using flow cytometry. Target protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. Related mechanisms were confirmed using appropriate inhibitors (z-VAD-fmk and BIRB796). The in vitro results were further confirmed in a xenograft tumor study. Both metformin and everolimus, when used alone, were moderately effective in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis of CaSki and C33A cells. When used in combination, these two drugs synergistically inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer cells and xenografts in nude mice, promoted sub-G1- and G0/G1-phase cell-cycle arrest, and enhanced mtROS production. The protein expressions of PI3K (p110α) and p-AKT were significantly downregulated, while P27, P21, p-p38, p-ERK, and p-JNK were upregulated following combined treatment. These results revealed that metformin potentiates the anticancer effect of everolimus on cervical cancer, and combination treatment with metformin and everolimus provides a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with cervical cancer.
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Dang KR, Wu T, Hui YN, Du HJ. Newly-found functions of metformin for the prevention and treatment of age-related macular degeneration. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1274-1280. [PMID: 34414094 PMCID: PMC8342286 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.08.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET), a first-line oral agent used to treat diabetes, exerts its function mainly by activating adenosine monophosphate-activated protein. The accumulation of oxidized phospholipids in the outer layer of the retina plays a key role in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells death and the formation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), which mean the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Recent studies have shown that MET can regulate lipid metabolism, inhibit inflammation, and prohibit retinal cell death and CNV formation due to various pathological factors. Here, newly discovered functions of MET that may be used for the prevention and treatment of AMD were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Rong Dang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Nian Hui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Jun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
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21
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Hassan MI, Ali FE, Shalkami AGS. Role of TLR-4/IL-6/TNF-α, COX-II and eNOS/iNOS pathways in the impact of carvedilol against hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1362-1373. [PMID: 33655798 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121999442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a syndrome involved in allograft dysfunction. This work aimed to elucidate carvedilol (CAR) role in hepatic I/R injury. METHODS Male rats were allocated to Sham group, CAR group, I/R group and CAR plus I/R group. Rats subjected to hepatic ischemia for 30 minutes then reperfused for 60 minutes. Oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide synthases were measured in hepatic tissues. RESULTS Hepatocyte injury following I/R was confirmed by a marked increase in liver enzymes. Also, hepatic I/R increased the contents of malondialdehyde however decreased glutathione contents and activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, hepatic I/R caused elevation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) expression and inflammatory mediators levels such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-II. Hepatic I/R caused down-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions. CAR treatment before hepatic I/R resulted in the restoration of liver enzymes. Administration of CAR caused a significant correction of oxidative stress and inflammation markers as well as modulates the expression of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS CAR protects liver from I/R injury through reduction of the oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulates endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ia Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 195495Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares Em Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 195495Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Gawad S Shalkami
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 195495Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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Rababa'H AM, Alzoubi KH, Khabour OF, Ababneh M. Ameliorative effect of metformin on methotrexate-induced genotoxicity: An in vitro study in human cultured lymphocytes. Biomed Rep 2021; 15:59. [PMID: 34094535 PMCID: PMC8165753 DOI: 10.3892/br.2021.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate is a folic acid antagonist that has been shown to be genotoxic to normal healthy cells. Metformin is an insulin-sensitizing agent, with multiple potential pharmacodynamic profiles. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of methotrexate on DNA and the potential ameliorative effect of metformin on chromosomal damage induced by methotrexate. The present study was performed in vitro, and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in human cultured lymphocytes were measured. Blood samples from five non-smoking healthy men aged 20-35 years were donated and used in the present study. Treatment of cultured blood cells with methotrexate significantly increased the number of cells with CAs (P<0.0001) and the frequency of SCEs (P<0.0001). The chromosomal injury induced by methotrexate was significantly reduced by pretreatment of the samples with metformin (P<0.0001). Importantly, the treatment of the cells with metformin alone did not affect the frequency of SCEs compared with the control group (P>0.05). Additionally, methotrexate and metformin alone, and combined, induced significant decreases in the proliferative index compared with the control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, metformin ameliorated the genotoxicity induced by methotrexate in cultured human lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer M Rababa'H
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Omar F Khabour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Baradaran Z, Vakilian A, Zare M, Hashemzehi M, Hosseini M, Dinpanah H, Beheshti F. Metformin improved memory impairment caused by chronic ethanol consumption during adolescent to adult period of rats: Role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113399. [PMID: 34087254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescence is a crucial time for brain maturation. We investigated the protective effects of metformin (Met) on behavioral changes, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nitrite in adulthood induced by ethanol (Eth) consumption during adolescent to adult period of rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The adolescence male rats (21 days old) were treated as: 1) Control, 2) Eth (Eth in drinking water (20 %)), 3-5) Eth-Met50, 100 and 150 mg/kg (Eth in drinking water and Met (50, 100, or 150 mg/kg). After 5 weeks treatment, Morris water maze (MMW) and passive avoidance (PA) tests were done. RESULTS The latency in the MWM test was higher and the latency to enter the dark chamber in the PA test was lower in the Eth group than in control. In Eth-Met100 and 150 groups, they were less than the Eth group. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitrite concentration in the hippocampus and cortex of the Eth group were higher than the control group. The thiol content and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in hippocampal and cortical tissues of the Eth group reduced compared to the control group. TNF-α was higher in hippocampal tissues of Eth group animals. Met reversed all of these effects. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the protective effects of Met against chronic Eth consumption induced learning and memory impairment were accompanied by decreasing of TNF-a, nitrite and oxidative stress in adolescent rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Baradaran
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Arefeh Vakilian
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mostafa Zare
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Dinpanah
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 9-Day Hospital, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran; Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
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24
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Na HJ, Akan I, Abramowitz LK, Hanover JA. Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation Controls DNA Damage Repair Signaling and Stem/Progenitor Cell Homeostasis. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107632. [PMID: 32402277 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem/progenitor cells exhibit high proliferation rates, elevated nutrient uptake, altered metabolic flux, and stress-induced genome instability. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which act in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. The precise role of O-GlcNAc in adult stem cells and the relationship between O-GlcNAc and the DNA damage response (DDR) is poorly understood. Here, we show that hyper-O-GlcNacylation leads to elevated insulin signaling, hyperproliferation, and DDR activation that mimic the glucose- and oxidative-stress-induced response. We discover a feedback mechanism involving key downstream effectors of DDR, ATM, ATR, and CHK1/2 that regulates OGT stability to promote O-GlcNAcylation and elevate DDR. This O-GlcNAc-dependent regulatory pathway is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis in Drosophila and the DDR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our findings reveal a conserved mechanistic link among O-GlcNAc cycling, stem cell self-renewal, and DDR with profound implications for stem-cell-derived diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Na
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ilhan Akan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lara K Abramowitz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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25
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Chen L, Lv L, Zhang L, Gao Z, Liu Y, Wang S, Zhou N, Xia Y, Cui J, Jiang X, Zhang X, Li Y, Shi B. Metformin ameliorates bladder dysfunction in a rat model of partial bladder outlet obstruction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F838-F858. [PMID: 33645317 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00625.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of bladder morphology and function was the most important consequence of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Using a rat model of partial BOO (pBOO), we found that rats treated with metformin showed lower baseline pressures with a reduced inflammatory reaction in the early phase (2 wk) after pBOO. The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome pathway was inhibited in pBOO rat bladders with treatment of metformin in the early phase. Metformin reduced the activity of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 in primary urothelial cells. In the chronic phase (9 wk after pBOO), metformin treatment ameliorated bladder fibrosis and improved the reduced compliance. Treatment with metformin suppressed the activation of Smad3 and compensated the diminished autophagy in 9-wk pBOO rat bladders. Autophagy was inhibited with upregulation of profibrotic proteins in primary fibroblasts from chronic pBOO bladders, which could be restored by administration of metformin. The antifibrotic effects of metformin on fibroblasts were diminished after silencing of AMP-activated protein kinase or light chain 3B. In summary, this study elucidates that oral administration of metformin relieves inflammation in the bladder during the early phase of pBOO. Long-term oral administration of metformin can prevent functional and histological changes in the pBOO rat bladder. The current study suggests that metformin might be used to prevent the development of bladder dysfunction secondary to BOO.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study in a rat model showed that oral administration of metformin alleviated inflammation following partial bladder outlet obstruction in the early phase and ameliorated bladder fibrosis as well as bladder dysfunction by long-term treatment. Our study indicated that metformin is a potential drug to inhibit bladder remodeling and alleviate bladder dysfunction. Clinical trials are needed to validate the effect of metformin on the bladder dysfunction and bladder fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Linchen Lv
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Lekai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Zhengdong Gao
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yaxiao Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
- Laboratory of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yangyang Xia
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Cui
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Xuewen Jiang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Benkang Shi
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Urinary Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Universities of Shandong, Jinan, China
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26
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Genç F, Peker EGGÜ. Does Short-Term and Low-Dose N-Acetylcysteine Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in The Liver Tissues of Diabetic Rats? Biol Res Nurs 2021; 23:568-574. [PMID: 33739173 DOI: 10.1177/10998004211003668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease in which the oxidant-antioxidant balance is impaired, causing many complications, including hepatopathy. In this study, the effects of short-term and low-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration on the biochemical, proinflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters in the liver tissue of diabetic rats were investigated. Twenty-four adult male Wistar albino rats weighing approximately 250-300 g were divided into 4 groups (n = 6): Control, Streptozotosin (STZ)-induced diabetes (DM), NAC treatment (60 mg/kg), and STZ-induced diabetes treated with NAC (DM+NAC; 60 mg/kg). NAC treatment was administered intraperitoneally as a single daily dose for 7 days. At the end of the experiment (3 weeks), blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical parameter analysis. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant parameters, and nitric oxide (NOx) levels were determined by spectrophotometric method. Tissue inflammation parameters were evaluated by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values increased significantly with diabetes. NAC treatment significantly decreased serum ALT and AST levels and proinflammatory cytokines in the diabetic group. Liver glutathione (GSH) and NOx levels increased significantly in the DM+NAC group (p < 0.05). While NAC treatment reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver, it improved the inflammatory response and antioxidant status. The beneficial effect of NAC treatment may be due to its antioxidant activity and the resulting increased level of GSH. The results show that low-dose and short-term NAC treatment had a positive effect on oxidative damage and inflammation in liver tissue. NAC can be used as a potential antioxidant in diabetes to prevent hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Genç
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, 187438Giresun University, Turkey
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27
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Yin Z, Burger N, Kula-Alwar D, Aksentijević D, Bridges HR, Prag HA, Grba DN, Viscomi C, James AM, Mottahedin A, Krieg T, Murphy MP, Hirst J. Structural basis for a complex I mutation that blocks pathological ROS production. Nat Commun 2021; 12:707. [PMID: 33514727 PMCID: PMC7846746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I is central to the pathological reactive oxygen species (ROS) production that underlies cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. ND6-P25L mice are homoplasmic for a disease-causing mtDNA point mutation encoding the P25L substitution in the ND6 subunit of complex I. The cryo-EM structure of ND6-P25L complex I revealed subtle structural changes that facilitate rapid conversion to the "deactive" state, usually formed only after prolonged inactivity. Despite its tendency to adopt the "deactive" state, the mutant complex is fully active for NADH oxidation, but cannot generate ROS by reverse electron transfer (RET). ND6-P25L mitochondria function normally, except for their lack of RET ROS production, and ND6-P25L mice are protected against cardiac IR injury in vivo. Thus, this single point mutation in complex I, which does not affect oxidative phosphorylation but renders the complex unable to catalyse RET, demonstrates the pathological role of ROS production by RET during IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nils Burger
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Dunja Aksentijević
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hannah R Bridges
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel N Grba
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Viscomi
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Andrew M James
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amin Mottahedin
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Judy Hirst
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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28
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Kurhaluk N, Bojková B, Kajo K, Macháleková K, Kisková T. Addition of palm olein to lard-supplemented diet indicates myocardial dysfunction and augments oxidative stress by authophagy-lysosome pathway in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:587-598. [PMID: 33314355 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated a prolonged effect of palm oil addition to lard-supplemented diet (PLD) on the oxidative status, lysosomal enzyme activities, markers of hepatotoxicity and basic lipid profile in female rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received PLD (10% of total fat: 7.5% from palm oil and 2.5% from lard), and the control group received lard-supplemented diet (2.5% fat) from 28 days of age for 14 weeks. Histopathological evaluation of the liver from animals fed the PLD showed slight steatosis and signs of mild chronic inflammation. Reduction of extramedullary hematopoiesis and an increased ratio of red/white pulp were observed in the spleen. PLD induced oxidative stress (evaluated in the liver, heart, spleen, muscle and kidney) evidenced by an increase in conjugated dienes and malondialdehyde in all tissues except the muscle; protein carbonyl derivatives were increased as well. The changes in the antioxidant enzyme activities in the evaluated tissues were ambiguous except for the prominent increase in the heart. Lysosomal enzyme activities showed a tendency to increase in the heart and kidney and to decrease in the muscle and spleen. The De Ritis ratio, which is a biomarker of hepatotoxicity, was higher in the heart from animals fed the PLD. The palm oil addition to the lard-supplemented diet-induced prominent oxidative stress, particularly in myocardial tissue with involvement of the authophagy-lysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biology and Earth Science, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Słupsk, Poland
| | - Bianka Bojková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Macháleková
- Department of Pathology, St. Elizabeth Cancer Institute Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Terézia Kisková
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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29
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Li Q, Qian J, Li Y, Huang P, Liang H, Sun H, Liu C, Peng J, Lin X, Chen X, Peng H, Wang Z, Liu M, Shi Y, Yan H, Wei Y, Liao L, He Q, Huang X, Ruan F, Mao C, Zhou J, Wang K, Li C. Generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate by sphingosine kinase 1 protects nonalcoholic fatty liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury through alleviating reactive oxygen species production in hepatocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:136-149. [PMID: 32738398 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is emerging as a leading risk factor of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury lacking of effective therapy. Lipid dyshomeostasis has been implicated in the hepatopathy of NAFL. Herein, we investigate the bioactive lipids that critically regulate I/R injury in NAFL. METHODS Lipidomics were performed to identify dysregulated lipids in mouse and human NAFL with I/R injury. The alteration of corresponding lipid-metabolizing genes was examined. The effects of the dysregulated lipid metabolism on I/R injury in NAFL were evaluated in mice and primary hepatocytes. RESULTS Sphingolipid metabolic pathways responsible for the generation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) were uncovered to be substantially activated by I/R in mouse NAFL. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) was found to be essential for hepatic S1P generation in response to I/R in hepatocytes of NAFL mice. Sphk1 knockdown inhibited the hepatic S1P rise while accumulating ceramides in hepatocytes of NAFL mice, leading to aggressive hepatic I/R injury with upregulation of oxidative stress and increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, administration of exogenous S1P protected hepatocytes of NAFL mice from hepatic I/R injury. Clinical study revealed a significant activation of S1P generation by I/R in liver specimens of NAFL patients. In vitro studies on the L02 human hepatocytes consolidated that inhibiting the generation of S1P by knocking down SPHK1 exaggerated I/R-induced damage and oxidative stress in human hepatocytes of NAFL. CONCLUSIONS Generation of S1P by SPHK1 is important for protecting NAFL from I/R injury, which may serve as therapeutic targets for hepatic I/R injury in NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Li
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Qian
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiyi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengxiang Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanbiao Liang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cuiting Liu
- Central Laboratory, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of General Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinxin Lin
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuefang Chen
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongxian Peng
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihuan Wang
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiqi Liu
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaru Shi
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongmei Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yiran Wei
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Leyi Liao
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xixin Huang
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangyi Ruan
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Chuanjiang Li
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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30
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Skemiene K, Rekuviene E, Jekabsone A, Cizas P, Morkuniene R, Borutaite V. Comparison of Effects of Metformin, Phenformin, and Inhibitors of Mitochondrial Complex I on Mitochondrial Permeability Transition and Ischemic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101400. [PMID: 33019635 PMCID: PMC7600544 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to cerebral mitochondria, particularly opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), is a key mechanism of ischemic brain injury, therefore, modulation of MPTP may be a potential target for a neuroprotective strategy in ischemic brain pathologies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether biguanides-metformin and phenformin as well as other inhibitors of Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transfer system may protect against ischemia-induced cell death in brain slice cultures by suppressing MPTP, and whether the effects of these inhibitors depend on the age of animals. Experiments were performed on brain slice cultures prepared from 5-7-day (premature) and 2-3-month old (adult) rat brains. In premature brain slice cultures, simulated ischemia (hypoxia plus deoxyglucose) induced necrosis whereas in adult rat brain slice cultures necrosis was induced by hypoxia alone and was suppressed by deoxyglucose. Phenformin prevented necrosis induced by simulated ischemia in premature and hypoxia-induced-in adult brain slices, whereas metformin was protective in adult brain slices cultures. In premature brain slices, necrosis was also prevented by Complex I inhibitors rotenone and amobarbital and by MPTP inhibitor cyclosporine A. The latter two inhibitors were protective in adult brain slices as well. Short-term exposure of cultured neurons to phenformin, metformin and rotenone prevented ionomycin-induced MPTP opening in intact cells. The data suggest that, depending on the age, phenformin and metformin may protect the brain against ischemic damage possibly by suppressing MPTP via inhibition of mitochondrial Complex I.
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31
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Shiravi AA, Saadatkish M, Abdollahi Z, Miar P, Khanahmad H, Zeinalian M. Vitamin D can be effective on the prevention of COVID-19 complications: A narrative review on molecular aspects. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:134-146. [PMID: 32811354 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The widespread COVID-19 pandemic has been, currently, converted to a catastrophic human health challenge. Vitamin D (VD) and its metabolites have been used as a palliative treatment for chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases from ancient times. In the current study, some molecular aspects of the potential effects of VD against COVID-19 side-effects have been discussed. An arguable role in autophagy or apoptosis control has been suggested for VD through calcium signaling at the mitochondrial and ER levels. 1,25(OH)2D3 is also an immunomodulator that affects the development of B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells in both innate and acquired immunity. The production of some anti-microbial molecules such as defensins and cathelicidins is also stimulated by VD. The overexpression of glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, and down-regulation of NADPH oxidase are induced by VD to reduce the oxidative stress. Moreover, the multi-organ failure due to a cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV2 in COVID-19 may be prevented by the immunomodulatory effects of VD. It can also downregulate the renin-angiotensin system which has a protective role against cardiovascular complications induced by COVID-19. Given the many experimental and molecular evidences due to the potential protective effects of VD on the prevention of the COVID-19-induced morbidities, a VD supplementation is suggested to prevent the lethal side-effects of the infection. It is particularly recommended in VD-deficient patients or those at greater risk of serious or critical effects of COVID-19, including the elderly, and patients with pre-existing chronic diseases, especially those in nursing homes, care facilities, and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir-Abbas Shiravi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Milad Saadatkish
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Abdollahi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Paniz Miar
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Zeinalian
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Ala Cancer Control and Prevention Center, Isfahan, Iran
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Kim HS, Ren G, Kim T, Bhatnagar S, Yang Q, Bahk YY, Kim JA. Metformin reduces saturated fatty acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammatory response by restoration of autophagic flux in endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13523. [PMID: 32782332 PMCID: PMC7419289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, an integral part of the waste recycling process, plays an important role in cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Impaired autophagic flux causes ectopic lipid deposition, which is defined as the accumulation of lipids in non-adipose tissue. Ectopic lipid accumulation is observed in patients with cardiometabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular complications. Metformin is the first line of treatment for type 2 diabetes, and one of the underlying mechanisms for the anti-diabetic effect of metformin is mediated by the stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Because the activation of AMPK is crucial for the initiation of autophagy, we hypothesize that metformin reduces the accumulation of lipid droplets by increasing autophagic flux in vascular endothelial cells. Incubation of vascular endothelial cells with saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and impaired autophagic flux. We observed that the accumulation of lipid droplets was reduced, and the autophagic flux was enhanced by treatment with metformin. The knock-down of AMPKα by using siRNA blunted the effect of metformin. Furthermore, treatment with SFA or inhibition of autophagy increased leukocyte adhesion, whereas treatment with metformin decreased the SFA-induced leukocyte adhesion. The results suggest a novel mechanism by which metformin protects vascular endothelium from SFA-induced ectopic lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory responses. In conclusion, improving autophagic flux may be a therapeutic strategy to protect endothelial function from dyslipidemia and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Suk Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Guang Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Teayoun Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sushant Bhatnagar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 27478, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Yang L, Li X, Jiang A, Li X, Chang W, Chen J, Ye F. Metformin alleviates lead-induced mitochondrial fragmentation via AMPK/Nrf2 activation in SH-SY5Y cells. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101626. [PMID: 32863218 PMCID: PMC7334619 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
As a widely acknowledged environmental pollutant, lead (Pb) exhibits neurological toxicity primarily due to the vulnerability of neural system. It is suggested that Pb could perturb mitochondrial function, triggering the following disturbance of cellular homeostasis. Here, we focused on the role of mitochondrial dynamics in Pb-induced cell damage. Pb exposure enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation and elevated p-Drp1 (s616) level in a reactive oxygen species (ROS) dependent manner, leading to cell death and energy shortage. By applying metformin, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, these impairments could be alleviated via activation of AMPK, validated by experiments of pharmacological inhibition of AMPK. Further investigation confirmed that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor managing antioxidative function, and its downstream antioxidant detoxifying enzyme were activated by metformin, resulting in the inhibition of the Pb-caused oxidative stress. Moreover, Nrf2 mediated the protection of metformin against mitochondrial fragmentation induced by Pb exposure, while knockdown of Nrf2 abrogated the protective effect. Finally, the treatment of Mdivi-1, a mitochondrial fission inhibitor, reversed Pb-triggered cell death, revealing that excessive mitochondrial fission is detrimental. To conclude, metformin could ameliorate Pb-induced mitochondrial fragmentation via antioxidative effects originated from AMPK/Nrf2 pathway activation, promoting energy supply and cell survival. Pb caused mitochondrial fragmentation in a ROS dependent manner. Metformin alleviated Pb-induced mitochondrial fission via Nrf2 activation. AMPK mediated metformin-induced Nrf2 activation. Inhibition of mitochondrial fragmentation rescued Pb-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyao Yang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Wuhan Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Anli Jiang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Chang
- Department of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Fang Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China; Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Veloso CD, Belew GD, Ferreira LL, Grilo LF, Jones JG, Portincasa P, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ. A Mitochondrial Approach to Cardiovascular Risk and Disease. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3175-3194. [PMID: 31470786 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190830163735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading risk factor for mortality worldwide and the number of CVDs victims is predicted to rise through 2030. While several external parameters (genetic, behavioral, environmental and physiological) contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; intrinsic metabolic and functional determinants such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, inflammation, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia are considered to be dominant factors. METHODS Pubmed searches were performed using different keywords related with mitochondria and cardiovascular disease and risk. In vitro, animal and human results were extracted from the hits obtained. RESULTS High cardiac energy demand is sustained by mitochondrial ATP production, and abnormal mitochondrial function has been associated with several lifestyle- and aging-related pathologies in the developed world such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and kidney diseases, that in turn can lead to cardiac injury. In order to delay cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in the context of cardiovascular risk, regular physical activity has been shown to improve mitochondrial parameters and myocardial tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR). Furthermore, pharmacological interventions can prevent the risk of CVDs. Therapeutic agents that can target mitochondria, decreasing ROS production and improve its function have been intensively researched. One example is the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ10, which already showed beneficial effects in hypertensive rat models. Carvedilol or antidiabetic drugs also showed protective effects by preventing cardiac mitochondrial oxidative damage. CONCLUSION This review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in CVDs, also show-casing several approaches that act by improving mitochondrial function in the heart, contributing to decrease some of the risk factors associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline D Veloso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Getachew D Belew
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luciana L Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Luís F Grilo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
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Atchan Nwakiban AP, Cicolari S, Piazza S, Gelmini F, Sangiovanni E, Martinelli G, Bossi L, Carpentier-Maguire E, Deutou Tchamgoue A, Agbor GA, Kuiaté JR, Beretta G, Dell’Agli M, Magni P. Oxidative Stress Modulation by Cameroonian Spice Extracts in HepG2 Cells: Involvement of Nrf2 and Improvement of Glucose Uptake. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050182. [PMID: 32370041 PMCID: PMC7281205 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a relevant role in the progression of chronic conditions, including cardiometabolic diseases. Several Cameroonian plants, including spices, are traditionally used as herbal medicines for the treatment of diseases where oxidative stress contributes to insulin resistance, like type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study evaluated the antioxidant capacity and the effects on oxidative-stress-induced impairment of glucose uptake of 11 Cameroonian spice extracts. H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by human HepG2 cells was significantly reduced by 8/11 extracts. The most effective extracts, Xylopia parviflora, Echinops giganteus, and Dichrostachys glomerata, showed a concentration-dependent ROS-scavenging activity, which involved Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus. Xylopia parviflora, Tetrapleura tetraptera, Dichrostachys glomerata, Aframomum melegueta, and Aframomum citratum extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity, according to oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) (2.52-88 μM Trolox Eq/g of extract), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (40.23-233.84 mg gallic acid Eq/g of extract), and total phenol (8.96-32.96% mg gallic acid Eq/g of extract) assays. In HepG2 cells, glucose uptake was stimulated by 4/11 extracts, similarly to insulin and metformin. H2O2-induced oxidative stress reduced glucose uptake, which was rescued by pretreatment with Xylopia aethiopica, Xylopia parviflora, Scorodophloeus zenkeri, Monodora myristica, and Dichrostachys glomerata extracts. The ROS-scavenging ability of the spice extracts may reside in some secondary metabolites observed by phytochemical profiling (reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-UV-DAD)). Further studies are needed to better clarify their biological activities and potential use to control oxidative stress and promote insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Cicolari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Fabrizio Gelmini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Bossi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
| | | | - Armelle Deutou Tchamgoue
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé 4124, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Gabriel A. Agbor
- Centre for Research on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé 4124, Cameroon; (A.D.T.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Jules-Roger Kuiaté
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 96 Dschang, Cameroon; (A.P.A.N.); (J.-R.K.)
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; (F.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-0250318398 (M.D.); +39-0250318229 (P.M.)
| | - Paolo Magni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.); (L.B.)
- IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Via Milanese, 300, 20099 Sesto San Giovanni Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.D.); (P.M.); Tel.: +39-0250318398 (M.D.); +39-0250318229 (P.M.)
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Zhang C, Chen M, Zhou N, Qi Y. Metformin Prevents H₂O₂-Induced Senescence in Human Lens Epithelial B3 Cells. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2020; 26:e923391. [PMID: 32336745 PMCID: PMC7202252 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.923391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of metformin against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cellular senescence and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of lens epithelial cell senescence. Material/Methods We used H2O2 to establish senescence in human lens epithelial B3 cells. The cells were exposed to H2O2 for different numbers of days to mimic aging. Senescence was assessed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, and the molecular mechanism was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis. The cultured cells were exposed to 150 μM H2O2 for 7 days with or without metformin to detect the underlying molecular mechanism of lens epithelial cell senescence. Results The lens epithelial cells exposed to 150 μM H2O2 for 7 days exhibited senescence. The expression levels of senescence-related markers were increased in H2O2-treated cells. Metformin prevented H2O2-induced cellular senescence in human lens epithelial B3 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that senescence marker expression is increased in the cells exposed to H2O2. Metformin protects human lens epithelial B3 cells from H2O2-induced senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harbin Medical University, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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Jia Y, Cui R, Wang C, Feng Y, Li Z, Tong Y, Qu K, Liu C, Zhang J. Metformin protects against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and cell pyroptosis via TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101534. [PMID: 32330868 PMCID: PMC7178548 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a life-threatening vascular emergency and has long been a disturbing problem for surgeons. Oxidative stress is considered a vital factor in I/R injury. Metformin has anti-oxidative properties and protects against I/R injury. The present study aimed to investigate whether Metformin protects against intestinal I/R injury and reveal the protective mechanism of Metformin. I/R injury was induced in mice by temporary superior mesenteric artery occlusion, and Caco-2 cells were subjected to OGD/R to establish an in vitro model. Different doses of Metformin were administered in vivo and in vitro. We found that I/R injury led to intestinal barrier disruption and cell death by examining histopathological results and the intestinal barrier index, including TER, tight junction proteins and serum biomarkers. We confirmed the existence of pyroptosis in intestinal I/R injury. Moreover, we confirmed the role of pyroptosis in intestinal I/R injury by silencing the gasdermin D (GSDMD). Then, we confirmed that Metformin treatment protected barrier function against intestinal I/R injury and reduced oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. Importantly, Metformin reduced pyroptosis-related proteins, including NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and the N-terminus of GSDMD. Knocking down the GSDMD could reversed the protective effects of Metformin, which showed pyroptosis was one of the major cell death pathways controlled by Metformin treatment in setting of intestinal I/R injury. We also discovered that Metformin suppressed the expression of TXNIP and the interaction between TXNIP and NLRP3. We performed siRNA knockdown and found that the protective effects were abolished, which further confirmed our findings. In conclusion, we believe that Metformin protects against intestinal I/R injury in a TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD-dependent manner. Pyroptosis plays an important role in intestinal I/R injury. Metformin protects against intestinal I/R injury in mice. Metformin protects Caco-2 cells subjected to OGD/R. Metformin inhibits pyroptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress during I/R injury. Metformin exerts protective effect through TXNIP-NLRP3-GSDMD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Ruixia Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an NO.3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710068, China
| | - Yingmu Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China; Department of SICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, PR China.
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Tan Y, Chen J, Jiang Y, Chen X, Li J, Chen B, Gao J. The anti-periodontitis action of metformin via targeting NLRP3 inflammasome. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 114:104692. [PMID: 32305805 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent chronic inflammatory diseases causing tooth loss in patients. However, effective ways to treat periodontitis are still limited. Metformin has been suggested to have anti-inflammatory effects in the context of periodontitis, but the exact mechanisms remain largely unknown. METHODS Human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) was stimulated with P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate the in vivo conditions that existed in periodontitis. Inflammatory responses were monitored by measuring the protein expression and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. High-quality total RNA isolated from P. gingivalis LPS-treated cells along with or without metformin treatment were used for RNA sequencing and corresponding bioinformatics analysis. RESULTS Metformin treatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory responses induced by P. gingivalis LPS in hPDLCs characterized by reduced production and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Metformin treatment also significantly reduced expression of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 in hPDLCs. RNA-seq analysis showed that metformin treatment altered the expression of more than 300 genes, which belongs to 14 signaling pathways including the NF-κB pathway and TNF-α pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided novel insights into the anti-inflammatory effects of metformin against NLRP3 inflammasome activity, which could potentially be used for the prevention and treatment of P. gingivalis-related periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Tan
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China
| | - Jinsu Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China
| | - Yingtong Jiang
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China
| | - Xie Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China
| | - Bining Chen
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510140, China.
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Sarıbal D, Erdem E, Güngör‐Ordueri NE, Usta A, Karakuş C, Karacan M. Metformin decreases testicular damages following ischaemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Andrologia 2019; 52:e13481. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Sarıbal
- Department of Biophysics Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Erkan Erdem
- Vocational School of Health Services Bilgi University Istanbul Turkey
| | | | - Akın Usta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Balıkesir University Medical Faculty Balikesir Turkey
| | - Cemil Karakuş
- Vocational School of Health Services Beykent University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Meriç Karacan
- İstanbul Yeniyuzyil University Medical Faculty Istanbul Turkey
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Gao J, Yuan J, Wang Q, Lei T, Shen X, Cui B, Zhang F, Ding W, Lu Z. Metformin protects against PM 2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction independent of AMP-activated protein kinase α2. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101345. [PMID: 31669973 PMCID: PMC6838896 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) airborne pollution increases the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Although metformin is a well-known antidiabetic drug, it also confers protection against a series of diseases through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). However, whether metformin affects PM2.5-induced adverse health effects has not been investigated. In this study, we exposed wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2−/− mice to PM2.5 every other day via intratracheal instillation for 4 weeks. After PM2.5 exposure, the AMPKα2−/− mice developed more severe lung injury and cardiac dysfunction than were developed in the WT mice; however the administration of metformin was effective in attenuating PM2.5-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction in both the WT and AMPKα2−/− mice. In the PM2.5-exposed mice, metformin treatment resulted in reduced systemic and pulmonary inflammation, preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, suppressed induction of pulmonary and myocardial fibrosis and oxidative stress, and increased levels of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, pretreatment with metformin significantly attenuated PM2.5-induced cell death and oxidative stress in control and AMPKα2-depleted BEAS-2B and H9C2 cells, and was associated with preserved expression of mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. These data support the notion that metformin protects against PM2.5-induced adverse health effects through a pathway that appears independent of AMPKα2. Our findings suggest that metformin may also be a novel drug for therapies that treat air pollution associated disease. Metformin protects against PM2.5 exposure-induced lung injury and cardiac dysfunction. Metformin alleviates PM2.5-induced oxidative stress by regulating mitochondrial antioxidant enzymes. Metformin attenuates PM2.5-induced cell death and oxidative stress in BEAS-2B and H9C2 cells. Metformin confers protection in an AMPKα2 independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juntao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiao'e Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tong Lei
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiyue Shen
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bingqing Cui
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenjun Ding
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Zhongbing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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41
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Pecinová A, Brázdová A, Drahota Z, Houštěk J, Mráček T. Mitochondrial targets of metformin-Are they physiologically relevant? Biofactors 2019; 45:703-711. [PMID: 31343786 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metformin is the most widely prescribed treatment of hyperglycemia and type II diabetes since 1970s. During the last 15 years, its popularity increased due to epidemiological evidence, that metformin administration reduces incidence of cancer. However, despite the ongoing effort of many researchers, the molecular mechanisms underlying antihyperglycemic or antineoplastic action of metformin remain elusive. Most frequently, metformin is associated with modulation of mitochondrial metabolism leading to lowering of blood glucose or activation of antitumorigenic pathways. Here we review the reported effects of metformin on mitochondrial metabolism and their potential relevance as effective molecular targets with beneficial therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Pecinová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Brázdová
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Drahota
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houštěk
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Mráček
- Department of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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42
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Bottoni P, Scatena R. The Tangled Mitochondrial Metabolism in Cancer: An Innovative Pharmacological Approach. Curr Med Chem 2019; 27:2106-2117. [PMID: 31441723 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190823163009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondria are remarkably gaining significant and different pathogenic roles in cancer (i.e., to sustain specific metabolism, to activate signaling pathways, to promote apoptosis resistance, to favor cancer cell dissemination, and finally to facilitate genome instability). Interestingly, all these roles seem to be linked to the fundamental activity of mitochondria, i.e. oxidative metabolism. Intriguingly, a typical modification of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and reactive oxygen species production/ neutralization seems to have a central role in all these tangled pathogenic roles in cancer. On these bases, a careful understanding of the molecular relationships between cancer and mitochondria may represent a fundamental step to realize therapeutic approaches blocking the typical cancer progression. The main aim of this review is to stress some neglected aspects of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells to promote more translational research with diagnostic and therapeutic potential. METHODS We reviewed the available literature regarding clinical and experimental studies on various roles of mitochondria in cancer, with attention to the cancer cell mitochondrial metabolism. RESULTS Mitochondria are an important source of reactive oxygen species. Their toxic effects seem to increase in cancer cells. However, it is not clear if damage depends on ROS overproduction and/or defect in detoxification. Failure of both these processes is likely a critical component of the cancer process and is strictly related to the actual microenvironment of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Mitochondria, also by ROS production, have a fundamental pathogenetic role in promoting and maintaining cancer and its spreading. To carefully understand the tangled redox state of cancer cells mitochondria represents a fundamental step to realize therapeutic approaches blocking the typical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bottoni
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Scatena
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Madre Giuseppina Vannini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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43
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Paseban M, Mohebbati R, Niazmand S, Sathyapalan T, Sahebkar A. Comparison of the Neuroprotective Effects of Aspirin, Atorvastatin, Captopril and Metformin in Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9040118. [PMID: 30934759 PMCID: PMC6523359 DOI: 10.3390/biom9040118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined intake of a high dose of aspirin, atorvastatin, captopril and metformin on oxidative stress in the brain cortex and hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Material and methods: Rats were randomly divided into the following 11 groups: control and diabetic (D), as well as 9 groups that were treated with metformin (M, 300 mg/kg) or aspirin (ASA, 120 mg/kg) alone or in different combinations with captopril (C, 50 mg/kg) and/or atorvastatin (AT, 40 mg/kg) as follows: (D + M), (D + ASA), (D + M + ASA), (D + M + C), (D + M + AT), (D + M + C + ASA), (D + M + C + AT), (D + M + AT + ASA) and (D + M + C + AT + ASA). The rats in treatment groups received drugs by gavage daily for six weeks. Serum lipid profile and levels of oxidative markers in the brain cortex and hippocampus tissues were evaluated. Results: The levels of malondialdehyde in the brain cortex and hippocampus in all the treated groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the total thiol concentration as well as catalase activity in treated rats in (M + AT), (M + C + ASA), (M + C + AT), (M + AT + ASA) and (M + C + AT + ASA) groups in cortex and hippocampus in comparison with the diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Also, the superoxide dismutase activity in all treated rats with medications was significantly increased compared to the diabetic rats (p < 0.05–0.01). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the combined use of high-dose aspirin, metformin, captopril and atorvastatin potentiated their antioxidant effects on the brain, and hence could potentially improve cognitive function with their neuroprotective effects on hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Paseban
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Department of Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2RW, UK.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of MedicalSciences; Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad 9177948564, Iran.
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44
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Wu H, Ding J, Li S, Lin J, Jiang R, Lin C, Dai L, Xie C, Lin D, Xu H, Gao W, Zhou K. Metformin Promotes the Survival of Random-Pattern Skin Flaps by Inducing Autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:325-340. [PMID: 30745824 PMCID: PMC6367544 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.29009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Random-pattern skin flaps are widely used to close defects in reconstructive and plastic surgeries; however, they are vulnerable to necrosis, particularly in the distal portion of the flap. Here, we examined the effects of metformin on flap survival and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Following metformin treatment, the survival area, blood flow, and number of microvessels present in skin flaps were increased on postoperative day 7, whereas tissue edema was reduced. In addition, metformin promoted angiogenesis, inhibited apoptosis, relieved oxidative stress, and increased autophagy in areas of ischemia; these effects were reversed by autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3MA) or chloroquine (CQ). Either 3MA or CQ reversed the metformin-induced increase in flap viability. Moreover, metformin also activated the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway in ischemic areas. Inhibitions of AMPK via Compound C (CC) or AMPK shRNA adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector resulted in the downregulation of the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway and autophagy level in metformin-treated flaps. Taken together, our findings suggest that metformin improves the survival of random-pattern skin flaps by enhancing angiogenesis and suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress. These effects result from increased autophagy mediated by activation of the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Shihen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Jinti Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Renhao Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Li Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Chenglong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Dingsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Kailiang Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou 325027, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
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45
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Weng W, Yao C, Poonit K, Zhou X, Sun C, Zhang F, Yan H. Metformin relieves neuropathic pain after spinal nerve ligation via autophagy flux stimulation. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1313-1324. [PMID: 30451370 PMCID: PMC6349176 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a well‐known type of chronic pain caused by damage to the nervous system. Autophagy is involved in the development and/or progression of many diseases, including neuropathic pain. Emerging evidence suggests that metformin relieves neuropathic pain in several neuropathic pain models; however, metformin's cellular and molecular mechanism for pain relief remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of metformin on pain relief after spinal nerve ligation (SNL) and its underlying mechanism of autophagy regulation. Behavioural analysis, histological assessment, expression of c‐Fos and molecular biological changes, as well as ultrastructural features, were investigated. Our findings showed that the number of autophagosomes and expression of autophagy markers, such as LC3 and beclin1, were increased, while the autophagy substrate protein p62, as well as the ubiquitinated proteins, were accumulated in the ipsilateral spinal cord. However, metformin enhanced the expression of autophagy markers, while it abrogated the abundance of p62 and ubiquitinated proteins. Blockage of autophagy flux by chloroquine partially abolished the apoptosis inhibition and analgesic effects of metformin on SNL. Taken together, these results illustrated that metformin relieved neuropathic pain through autophagy flux stimulation and provided a new direction for metformin drug development to treat neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Weng
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenglun Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keshav Poonit
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xijie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Joseph M. Still Burn and Reconstructive Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Hede Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Division of Plastic and Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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46
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Ghasemnejad-berenji M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Pashapour S, Jafari A, Yazdani I, Ghasemnejad-berenji H, Saeedi Saravi SS, Sadeghpour S, Nobakht M, Abdollahi A, mohajer Ansari J, Dehpour AR. Synergistic effect of rapamycin and metformin against germ cell apoptosis and oxidative stress after testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:645-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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47
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Mitochondrial NADH redox potential impacts the reactive oxygen species production of reverse Electron transfer through complex I. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:367-377. [PMID: 30136168 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) play a major part in cell functioning. Although their harmfulness through oxidative stress is well documented, their role in signaling and sensing as an oxidative signal still needs to be investigated. In most cells, the mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is the primary source of ROS. The production of ROS by reverse electron transfer through complex I has been demonstrated both in an experimental context but also in many pathophysiological situations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms that regulate this ROS production is of great interest to control its harmful effects. We used nigericin, Pi and valinomycin as tools to modulate the pH gradient (∆pH) and the membrane potential (∆Ψ) of the protonmotive force (∆p) in liver and muscle mitochondria to accurately determine how these parameters control the ROS production. We show that a high ∆Ψ is the "sine qua none" condition for ROS production from the reverse electron transfer (RET) through the complex I. However, a high ∆Ψ is not the only condition governing ROS production. Indeed, using tools that modulate the mitochondrial NADH level, we also demonstrate that ROS production is directly related to the mitochondrial redox potential when the membrane potential is almost stable.
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48
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Yang F, Wang S, Liu Y, Zhou Y, Shang L, Feng M, Yuan X, Zhu W, Shi X. IRE1α aggravates ischemia reperfusion injury of fatty liver by regulating phenotypic transformation of kupffer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:395-407. [PMID: 29969718 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fatty liver is one of the widely accepted marginal donor for liver transplantation, but is also more sensitive to ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI) and produces more reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, so far, no effective method has been developed to alleviate it. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) of hepatocyte is associated with the occurrence of fatty liver disease, but ER-stress of kupffer cells (KCs) in fatty liver is not clear at all. This study evaluates whether ER-stress of KCs is activated in fatty liver and accelerate IRI of fatty livers. ER-stress of KCs was activated in fatty liver, especially the IRE1α signal pathway. KCs with activated ER-stress secreted more proinflammatory cytokine to induce its M1-phenotypic shift in fatty liver, resulting in more severe IRI. Also, activated ER-stress of BMDMs in vitro by tunicamycin can induce its pro-inflammatory shift and can be reduced by 4-PBA, an ER-stress inhibitor. Knockdown of IRE1α could regulate the STAT1 and STAT6 pathway of macrophage to inhibit the M1-type polarization and promote M2-phenotypic shift. Furthermore, transfusion of IRE1α-knockdown KCs significantly reduced the liver IRI as well as the ROS of HFD feeding mice. Altogether, these data demonstrated that IRE1α of KCs may be a potential target to reduce the fatty liver associated IRI in liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faji Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Longcheng Shang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xianwen Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321, Zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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49
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Guan G, Shen Y, Yu Q, Liu H, Zhang B, Guo Y, Zhu X, Li Z, Rao W, Zhuang L, Zang Y. Down-regulation of IFIT3 protects liver from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 60:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Siasos G, Tsigkou V, Kosmopoulos M, Theodosiadis D, Simantiris S, Tagkou NM, Tsimpiktsioglou A, Stampouloglou PK, Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Philippou A, Vavuranakis M, Stefanadis C, Tousoulis D, Papavassiliou AG. Mitochondria and cardiovascular diseases-from pathophysiology to treatment. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 6:256. [PMID: 30069458 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the source of cellular energy production and are present in different types of cells. However, their function is especially important for the heart due to the high demands in energy which is achieved through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria form large networks which regulate metabolism and the optimal function is achieved through the balance between mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. Moreover, mitochondrial function is upon quality control via the process of mitophagy which removes the damaged organelles. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with the development of numerous cardiac diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure (HF), due to the uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, early control of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial step in the therapy of cardiac diseases. A number of anti-oxidant molecules and medications have been used but the results are inconsistent among the studies. Eventually, the aim of future research is to design molecules which selectively target mitochondrial dysfunction and restore the capacity of cellular anti-oxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Siasos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vasiliki Tsigkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Marinos Kosmopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimosthenis Theodosiadis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Simantiris
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Maria Tagkou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athina Tsimpiktsioglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Stampouloglou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Oikonomou
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Philippou
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, "Hippokration" General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
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