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Peng X, Yang Y, Zhong R, Yang Y, Yan F, Liang N, Yuan S. Zinc and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: From Clinical Study to Animal Experiment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04193-6. [PMID: 38805169 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract (GI) with a high incidence rate globally, and IBD patients are often accompanied by zinc deficiency. This review aims to summarize the potential therapeutic value of zinc supplementation in IBD clinical patients and animal models. Zinc supplementation can relieve the severity of IBD especially in patients with zinc deficiency. The clinical severity of IBD were mainly evaluated through some scoring methods involving clinical performance, endoscopic observation, blood biochemistry, and pathologic biopsy. Through conducting animal experiments, it has been found that zinc plays an important role in alleviating clinical symptoms and improving pathological lesions. In both clinical observation and animal experiment of IBD, the therapeutic mechanisms of zinc interventions have been found to be related to immunomodulation, intestinal epithelial repair, and gut microbiota's balance. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of zinc was clarified in animal experiment. Appropriate zinc supplementation is beneficial for IBD therapy, and the present evidence highlights that alleviating zinc-deficient status can effectively improve the severity of clinical symptoms in IBD patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingxiang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, Sichuan, China
| | - Rao Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuexuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, No. 2025, Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu, 610106, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Nanoformulations, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Shibin Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637001, Sichuan, China.
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2
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Dithmer S, Blasig IE, Fraser PA, Qin Z, Haseloff RF. The Basic Requirement of Tight Junction Proteins in Blood-Brain Barrier Function and Their Role in Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5601. [PMID: 38891789 PMCID: PMC11172262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review addresses the role of tight junction proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Their expression is described, and their role in physiological and pathological processes at the BBB is discussed. Based on this, new approaches are depicted for paracellular drug delivery and diagnostics in the treatment of cerebral diseases. Recent data provide convincing evidence that, in addition to its impairment in the course of diseases, the BBB could be involved in the aetiology of CNS disorders. Further progress will be expected based on new insights in tight junction protein structure and in their involvement in signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dithmer
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
| | - Ingolf E. Blasig
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
| | | | - Zhihai Qin
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Reiner F. Haseloff
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany (I.E.B.)
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3
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Lockwood TD. Coordination chemistry suggests that independently observed benefits of metformin and Zn 2+ against COVID-19 are not independent. Biometals 2024:10.1007/s10534-024-00590-5. [PMID: 38578560 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-024-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Independent trials indicate that either oral Zn2+ or metformin can separately improve COVID-19 outcomes by approximately 40%. Coordination chemistry predicts a mechanistic relationship and therapeutic synergy. Zn2+ deficit is a known risk factor for both COVID-19 and non-infectious inflammation. Most dietary Zn2+ is not absorbed. Metformin is a naked ligand that presumably increases intestinal Zn2+ bioavailability and active absorption by cation transporters known to transport metformin. Intracellular Zn2+ provides a natural buffer of many protease reactions; the variable "set point" is determined by Zn2+ regulation or availability. A Zn2+-interactive protease network is suggested here. The two viral cysteine proteases are therapeutic targets against COVID-19. Viral and many host proteases are submaximally inhibited by exchangeable cell Zn2+. Inhibition of cysteine proteases can improve COVID-19 outcomes and non-infectious inflammation. Metformin reportedly enhances the natural moderating effect of Zn2+ on bioassayed proteome degradation. Firstly, the dissociable metformin-Zn2+ complex could be actively transported by intestinal cation transporters; thereby creating artificial pathways of absorption and increased body Zn2+ content. Secondly, metformin Zn2+ coordination can create a non-natural protease inhibitor independent of cell Zn2+ content. Moderation of peptidolytic reactions by either or both mechanisms could slow (a) viral multiplication (b) viral invasion and (c) the pathogenic host inflammatory response. These combined actions could allow development of acquired immunity to clear the infection before life-threatening inflammation. Nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid®) opposes COVID-19 by selective inhibition the viral main protease by a Zn2+-independent mechanism. Pending safety evaluation, predictable synergistic benefits of metformin and Zn2+, and perhaps metformin/Zn2+/Paxlovid® co-administration should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Lockwood
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 45435, USA.
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Zhang C, Li Q, Xing J, Yang Y, Zhu M, Lin L, Yu Y, Cai X, Wang X. Tannic acid and zinc ion coordination of nanase for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by promoting mucosal repair and removing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:347-360. [PMID: 38373525 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Colon mucosal overexpression of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) accelerates the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and destroys the mucosa and its barrier. IBD can be alleviated by removing RONS from the inflamed colon. The preparation of strong and efficient nanoantioxidants remains a challenge despite the development of numerous nanoantioxidants. In this paper, Zn-TA nanoparticles with fine hollow microstructure (HZn-TA) were successfully prepared and could be effectively used to treat IBD. In the first step, ZIF-8 nanoparticles were synthesized by a one-pot method. On this basis, HZn-TA nanoparticles were etched by TA, and a multifunctional nanase was developed for the treatment of IBD. RONS, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), can be eliminated to increase cell survival following Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stimulation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In a model for preventing and delaying acute colitis, clearance of RONS has been shown to reduce intestinal inflammation in mice by reducing colon damage, proinflammatory cytokine levels, the spleen index, and body weight. Intestinal mucosal healing can be promoted by HZn-TA nanoparticles, which can upregulate zonula occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 expression. Based on the results of this study, HZn-TA nanoparticles were able to effectively treat IBD with minimal adverse effects by being biocompatible, multienzyme active, and capable of scavenging RONS. Therefore, we pioneered the application of HZn-TA nanoparticles for the treatment of IBD, which are capable of clearing RONS without significant adverse effects. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: ➢ HZn-TA nanoparticles were successfully prepared and could be effectively used to treat IBD. ➢ Intestinal mucosal healing can be promoted by HZn-TA nanoparticles, which can upregulate ZO-1 and claudin-1 expression. ➢ HZn-TA nanoparticles were able to effectively treat IBD with minimal adverse effects by being biocompatible, multienzyme active, and capable of scavenging RONS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Qingrong Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Jianghao Xing
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, PR China
| | - Mengmei Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Liting Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Division of Life Science and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China.
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, PR China.
| | - Xianwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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5
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Rizwan M, Cheng K, Gang Y, Hou Y, Wang C. Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin D and Zinc on Viral Infection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04139-y. [PMID: 38451442 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Several nutrients are crucial in enhancing the immune system and preserving the structural integrity of bodily tissue barriers. Vitamin D (VD) and zinc (Zn) have received considerable interest due to their immunomodulatory properties and ability to enhance the body's immune defenses. Due to their antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and immunomodulatory properties, the two nutritional powerhouses VD and Zn are crucial for innate and adaptive immunity. As observed with COVID-19, deficiencies in these micronutrients impair immune responses, increasing susceptibility to viral infections and severe disease. Ensuring an adequate intake of VD and Zn emerges as a promising strategy for fortifying the immune system. Ongoing clinical trials are actively investigating their potential therapeutic advantages. Beyond the immediate context of the pandemic, these micronutrients offer valuable tools for enhancing immunity and overall well-being, especially in the face of future viral threats. This analysis emphasizes the enduring significance of VD and Zn as both treatment and preventive measures against potential viral challenges beyond the current health crisis. The overview delves into the immunomodulatory potential of VD and Zn in combating viral infections, with particular attention to their effects on animals. It provides a comprehensive summary of current research findings regarding their individual and synergistic impacts on immune function, underlining their potential in treating and preventing viral infections. Overall, this overview underscores the need for further research to understand how VD and Zn can modulate the immune response in combatting viral diseases in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Cheng
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yang Gang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuntao Hou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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6
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Eussen SRBM, Wielders S, de Rooij WE, Van Ampting MTJ, Van Esch BCAM, de Vries JHM, Bredenoord AJ, Vlieg‐Boerstra B. Dietary composition of adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients is related to disease severity. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1206. [PMID: 38456617 PMCID: PMC10921897 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to the elimination diet, dietary composition may influence disease severity in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) through modulation of the immune response. AIM To explore the immunomodulatory role of nutrition before and during elimination diet in adult EoE patients. METHODS Nutritional intake was assessed in 39 Dutch adult EoE patients participating in the Supplemental Elemental Trial (Dutch trial registry NL6014, NTR6778) using 3-day food diaries. In this randomized controlled trial, diagnosed patients received either a four-food elimination diet alone (FFED) or FFED with addition of an amino acid-based formula for 6 weeks. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess associations between the intake of nutrients and food groups per 1000 kCal and peak eosinophil count/high power field (PEC), both at baseline and after 6 weeks. RESULTS At baseline, we found a statistically significant negative (thus favorable) relationship between the intake of protein, total fat, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin B12, folate, and milk products and PEC (p < .05), while calcium (p = .058) and full-fat cheese/curd (p = .056) were borderline (favorably) significant. In contrast, total carbohydrates, prepacked fruit juice, and white bread were significantly positively (unfavorable) related to PEC (p < .05), while ultra-processed meals (p = .059) were borderline (unfavorably) significant. After dietary intervention, coffee/tea were significantly negatively (favorably) related to PEC, hummus/legumes were significantly positively (unfavorably) related with PEC, while peanuts were borderline significantly positively related (p = .058). CONCLUSION Dietary composition may be related to inflammation in adult EoE patients. High-quality and anti-inflammatory diets may be a promising adjuvant therapy in the dietary management of EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanne Wielders
- Division of Human NutritionWageningen UniversityWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Willemijn E. de Rooij
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Betty C. A. M. Van Esch
- Danone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Albert J. Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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7
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Wang YC, Yang X, Xiao J, Wei SM, Su Y, Chen XQ, Huang T, Shan QW. Determination of the median lethal dose of zinc gluconate in mice and safety evaluation. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 25:15. [PMID: 38317260 PMCID: PMC10840281 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-024-00736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc Gluconate (ZG) is a safe and effective supplement for zinc. However, there is limited research on the optimal dosage for intravenous injection and the safety evaluation of animal models for ZG. This study aims to determine the safe dose range of ZG for intravenous injection in C57BL/6J mice. METHODS A Dose titration experiment was conducted to determine the LD50 and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of ZG in mice. Based on the LD50, four sub-lethal doses (SLD) of ZG were evaluated. Following three injections of each SLD and monitoring for seven days, serum zinc levels were measured, and pathological changes in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of mice were determined by histological staining. RESULTS The dose titration experiment determined the LD50 of ZG in mice to be 39.6 mg/kg, with a 95%CI of 31.8-49.3 mg/kg. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall serum zinc levels (H = 36.912, P < 0.001) following SLD administration. Pairwise comparisons showed that the serum zinc levels of the 1/2 LD50 and 3/4 LD50 groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001); the serum zinc level of the 3/4 LD50 group was significantly higher than those of the 1/8 LD50 and 1/4 LD50 groups (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the different SLDs of ZG and the serum zinc levels in mice (rs = 0.973, P < 0.001). H&E staining showed no significant histological abnormalities or lesions in the liver, kidney, and spleen tissues of mice in all experimental groups. CONCLUSION The appropriate dose range of ZG for intravenous injection in C57BL/6J mice was clarified, providing a reference for future experimental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Cai Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Su-Mei Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, 530021, Nanning, China
| | - Qing-Wen Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6, Shuangyong Road, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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8
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Song WX, Yu ZH, Ren XF, Chen JH, Chen X. Role of micronutrients in inflammatory bowel disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2023; 31:711-731. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v31.i17.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune intestinal disease that includes ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis. Patients with IBD are often at risk for malnutrition, including micronutrient deficiencies, due to dietary restrictions and poor intestinal absorption. Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, play an important role in the human body's metabolism and maintenance of tissue functions. This article reviews the role of micronutrients in IBD. Micronutrients can affect the occurrence and progression of IBD by regulating immunity, intestinal flora, oxidative stress, intestinal barrier function, and other aspects. Monitoring and timely supplementation of micronutrients are important to delay progression and improve clinical symptoms in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Song
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Zi-Han Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiang-Feng Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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Hu XL, Xiao W, Lei Y, Green A, Lee X, Maradana MR, Gao Y, Xie X, Wang R, Chennell G, Basson MA, Kille P, Maret W, Bewick GA, Zhou Y, Hogstrand C. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor utilises cellular zinc signals to maintain the gut epithelial barrier. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5431. [PMID: 37669965 PMCID: PMC10480478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc and plant-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) are dietary components affecting intestinal epithelial barrier function. Here, we explore whether zinc and the AHR pathway are linked. We show that dietary supplementation with an AHR pre-ligand offers protection against inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model while protection fails in mice lacking AHR in the intestinal epithelium. AHR agonist treatment is also ineffective in mice fed zinc depleted diet. In human ileum organoids and Caco-2 cells, AHR activation increases total cellular zinc and cytosolic free Zn2+ concentrations through transcription of genes for zinc importers. Tight junction proteins are upregulated through zinc inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer and calpain activity. Our data show that AHR activation by plant-derived dietary ligands improves gut barrier function at least partly via zinc-dependent cellular pathways, suggesting that combined dietary supplementation with AHR ligands and zinc might be effective in preventing inflammatory gut disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuchuan Lucas Hu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wenfeng Xiao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxian Lei
- Department of Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Adam Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xinyi Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Yajing Gao
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueru Xie
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - George Chennell
- Clinical Neuroscience Department, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Pete Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gavin A Bewick
- Department of Diabetes, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Sami AS, Frazer LC, Miller CM, Singh DK, Clodfelter LG, Orgel KA, Good M. The role of human milk nutrients in preventing necrotizing enterocolitis. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1188050. [PMID: 37334221 PMCID: PMC10272619 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1188050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that primarily impacts preterm infants. The pathophysiology of NEC involves a complex interplay of factors that result in a deleterious immune response, injury to the intestinal mucosa, and in its most severe form, irreversible intestinal necrosis. Treatments for NEC remain limited, but one of the most effective preventative strategies for NEC is the provision of breast milk feeds. In this review, we discuss mechanisms by which bioactive nutrients in breast milk impact neonatal intestinal physiology and the development of NEC. We also review experimental models of NEC that have been used to study the role of breast milk components in disease pathophysiology. These models are necessary to accelerate mechanistic research and improve outcomes for neonates with NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S. Sami
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M. Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lynda G. Clodfelter
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kelly A. Orgel
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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11
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Luiten D, Biezeveld M, van Doorn O, Riady H, Yang M, Bergsma F, van der Plas A, Brand K, Arends N, de Bruin A, de Vries J, de Meij T, Vlieg-Boerstra B. Peanut thresholds in peanut-allergic children are related to dietary composition. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e841. [PMID: 37249298 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no clear explanation for the large variation in threshold levels among peanut-allergic children. We hypothesized that diet composition can partly explain this variation in thresholds, as nutrients and foods influence the intestinal barrier function and microbiota. AIM to explore the relationship between the threshold levels for peanut and nutritional intake and gut microbial composition in peanut-allergic children. METHODS In this explorative cross-sectional study the cumulative threshold levels for peanut were determined by oral food challenge tests. Data on nutrients and foods consumed were obtained from 3-day food diaries. Microbial composition of faeces and saliva were determined by molecular microbiota detection technique. Multivariable linear regression analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to explore the associations, adjusted for energy and senitization. RESULTS Sixty-five children were included, of whom 32 (49%) (median age 50 months, IQR 28.0-96.5) had a positive oral food challenge. Significant positive associations were found between the intake of total carbohydrates, vitamin A and cumulative threshold levels for peanut, while significant negative associations were found for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and omega-6 fatty acids. No associations were found between threshold levels and microbial composition of faeces and saliva. However, a significant higher abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes in saliva (p = 0.011 and 0.04, respectively) and of Proteobacteria in faeces (p = 0.003) were found in children with a positive peanut challenge compared to children with a negative peanut challenge. CONCLUSION As a novel concept, this study showed that dietary composition is related to threshold levels for peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Luiten
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Biezeveld
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga van Doorn
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanae Riady
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Bergsma
- Department of Paediatrics, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Atie van der Plas
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Brand
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicolette Arends
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette de Bruin
- Department of Paediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne de Vries
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim de Meij
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Jimenez-Rondan FR, Ruggiero CH, McKinley KL, Koh J, Roberts JF, Triplett EW, Cousins RJ. Enterocyte-specific deletion of metal transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) alters intestinal homeostasis through epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G159-G176. [PMID: 36537699 PMCID: PMC9925170 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00244.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has anti-inflammatory properties using mechanisms that are unclear. Zip14 (Slc39a14) is a zinc transporter induced by proinflammatory stimuli and is highly expressed at the basolateral membrane of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Enterocyte-specific Zip14 ablation (Zip14ΔIEC) in mice was developed to study the functions of this transporter in enterocytes. This gene deletion led to increased intestinal permeability, increased IL-6 and IFNγ expression, mild endotoxemia, and intestinal dysbiosis. RNA sequencing was used for transcriptome profiling. These analyses revealed differential expression of specific intestinal proinflammatory and tight junction (TJ) genes. Binding of transcription factors, including NF-κβ, STAT3, and CDX2, to appropriate promoter sites of these genes supports the differential expression shown with chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Total histone deacetylase (HDAC), and specifically HDAC3, activities were markedly reduced with Zip14 ablation. Intestinal organoids derived from ΔIEC mice display TJ and cytokine gene dysregulation compared with control mice. Differential expression of specific genes was reversed with zinc supplementation of the organoids. We conclude that zinc-dependent HDAC enzymes acquire zinc ions via Zip14-mediated transport and that intestinal integrity is controlled in part through epigenetic modifications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that enterocyte-specific ablation of zinc transporter Zip14 (Slc39a14) results in selective dysbiosis and differential expression of tight junction proteins, claudin 1 and 2, and specific cytokines associated with intestinal inflammation. HDAC activity and zinc uptake are reduced with Zip14 ablation. Using intestinal organoids, the expression defects of claudin 1 and 2 are resolved through zinc supplementation. These novel results suggest that zinc, an essential micronutrient, influences gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R Jimenez-Rondan
- Center for Nutritional Sciences and Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Courtney H Ruggiero
- Center for Nutritional Sciences and Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelley Lobean McKinley
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jin Koh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John F Roberts
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eric W Triplett
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robert J Cousins
- Center for Nutritional Sciences and Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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13
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Oras A, Kallionpää H, Suomi T, Koskinen S, Laiho A, Elo LL, Knip M, Lahesmaa R, Aints A, Uibo R. Profiling of peripheral blood B-cell transcriptome in children who developed coeliac disease in a prospective study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13147. [PMID: 36718152 PMCID: PMC9883278 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In coeliac disease (CoD), the role of B-cells has mainly been considered to be production of antibodies. The functional role of B-cells has not been analysed extensively in CoD. Methods We conducted a study to characterize gene expression in B-cells from children developing CoD early in life using samples collected before and at the diagnosis of the disease. Blood samples were collected from children at risk at 12, 18, 24 and 36 months of age. RNA from peripheral blood CD19+ cells was sequenced and differential gene expression was analysed using R package Limma. Findings Overall, we found one gene, HNRNPL, modestly downregulated in all patients (logFC -0·7; q = 0·09), and several others downregulated in those diagnosed with CoD already by the age of 2 years. Interpretation The data highlight the role of B-cells in CoD development. The role of HNRPL in suppressing enteroviral replication suggests that the predisposing factor for both CoD and enteroviral infections is the low level of HNRNPL expression. Funding EU FP7 grant no. 202063, EU Regional Developmental Fund and research grant PRG712, The Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research (SyMMyS) 2012-2017, grant no. 250114) and, AoF Personalized Medicine Program (grant no. 292482), AoF grants 292335, 294337, 319280, 31444, 319280, 329277, 331790) and grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation (SJF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Oras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Henna Kallionpää
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Koskinen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Finland,InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alar Aints
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia,Corresponding author. Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, EE50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Raivo Uibo
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
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14
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Huynh U, Zastrow ML. Metallobiology of Lactobacillaceae in the gut microbiome. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112023. [PMID: 36270041 PMCID: PMC9888405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactobacillaceae are a diverse family of lactic acid bacteria found in the gut microbiota of humans and many animals. These bacteria exhibit beneficial effects on intestinal health, including modulating the immune system and providing protection against pathogens, and many species are frequently used as probiotics. Gut bacteria acquire essential metal ions, like iron, zinc, and manganese, through the host diet and changes to the levels of these metals are often linked to alterations in microbial community composition, susceptibility to infection, and gastrointestinal diseases. Lactobacillaceae are frequently among the organisms increased or decreased in abundance due to changes in metal availability, yet many of the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes have yet to be defined. Metal requirements and metallotransporters have been studied in some species of Lactobacillaceae, but few of the mechanisms used by these bacteria to respond to metal limitation or excess have been investigated. This review provides a current overview of these mechanisms and covers how iron, zinc, and manganese impact Lactobacillaceae in the gut microbiota with an emphasis on their biochemical roles, requirements, and homeostatic mechanisms in several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Dietary zinc restriction affects the expression of genes related to immunity and stress response in the small intestine of pigs. J Nutr Sci 2022; 11:e104. [PMID: 36452400 PMCID: PMC9705703 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2022.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral and its deficiency manifests in non-specific clinical signs that require long time to develop. The response of swine intestine to Zn restriction was evaluated to identify early changes that can be indicative of Zn deficiency. Twenty-seven pigs (body weight = 77⋅5 ± 2⋅5 kg) were assigned to one of three diets: diet without added Zn (Zn-restricted diet, ZnR), and ZnR-supplemented with either 50 (Zn50) or 100 mg of Zn/kg of diet (Zn100) of Zn supplied by ZnCl2. After 32 d consuming the diets, serum Zn concentration in ZnR pigs was below the range of 0⋅59-1⋅37 μg/ml considered sufficient, thereby confirming subclinical Zn deficiency. Pigs showed no obvious health or growth changes. RNA-seq analysis followed by qPCR showed decreased expression of metallothionein-1 (MT1) (P < 0⋅05) and increased expression of Zn transporter ZIP4 (P < 0⋅05) in jejunum and ileum of ZnR pigs compared with Zn-supplemented pigs. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that Zn50 and Zn100 induced changes in genes related to nucleotide excision repair and integrin signalling pathways. The top gene network in the ZnR group compared with Zn100 was related to lipid and drug metabolism; and compared with Zn50, was related to cellular proliferation, assembly and organisation. Dietary Zn concentrations resulted in differences in genes related to immune pathways. Our analysis showed that small intestine presents changes associated with Zn deficiency after 32 d of Zn restriction, suggesting that the intestine could be a sentinel organ for Zn deficiency.
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16
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Kumar S, S. Moodithaya S, K. A, Kumar Chatterjee P. Micronutrients- The crucial dietary elements in Covid-19 pandemic: A review. Biomedicine (Taipei) 2022. [DOI: 10.51248/.v42i5.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which cause person-to-person transmission, is the pivotal reason for the pandemic outbreak in the year 2020. Infection symptoms include fever, dry cough, lethargy, severe pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome, and death. COVID-19 induces a systemic inflammatory reaction that impairs the immune system, commonly known as cytokine release syndrome. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines are abundant in COVID-19 sufferers' bodies. COVID-19 has a disproportionate impact on the elderly, both directly and through several comorbidities associated with age. Nutrition is without hesitation, a crucial factor in maintaining good health. Some nutrients are essential for the immune system's health and function, exhibiting synergistic actions in critical immune response steps. Vitamin D, C, and Zinc stand out among these nutrients because they have immunomodulatory properties and help to maintain physical tissue barriers. Considering the viability of the virus, nutrients that boost the immunity henceforth the severity of viral infections declines with improved prognosis become important. As a result, the purpose of this review is to provide a complete outline of vitamins D, C, and zinc's involvement during the immune response towards infection, and to enlighten their commensal action of maintaining physical barriers including integument and mucous membrane. Appropriate vitamin D, C, and zinc consumption may represent a feasible pharmacological intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the high surge in population interaction and the commencement of inflammation.
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17
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Mohanty S, Kamolvit W, Scheffschick A, Björklund A, Tovi J, Espinosa A, Brismar K, Nyström T, Schröder JM, Östenson CG, Aspenström P, Brauner H, Brauner A. Diabetes downregulates the antimicrobial peptide psoriasin and increases E. coli burden in the urinary bladder. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4983. [PMID: 36127330 PMCID: PMC9489794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32636-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is known to increase susceptibility to infections, partly due to impaired granulocyte function and changes in the innate immunity. Here, we investigate the effect of diabetes, and high glucose on the expression of the antimicrobial peptide, psoriasin and the putative consequences for E. coli urinary tract infection. Blood, urine, and urine exfoliated cells from patients are studied. The influence of glucose and insulin is examined during hyperglycemic clamps in individuals with prediabetes and in euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamped patients with type 1 diabetes. Important findings are confirmed in vivo in type 2 diabetic mice and verified in human uroepithelial cell lines. High glucose concentrations induce lower psoriasin levels and impair epithelial barrier function together with altering cell membrane proteins and cytoskeletal elements, resulting in increasing bacterial burden. Estradiol treatment restores the cellular function with increasing psoriasin and bacterial killing in uroepithelial cells, confirming its importance during urinary tract infection in hyperglycemia. In conclusion, our findings present the effects and underlying mechanisms of high glucose compromising innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Witchuda Kamolvit
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anneli Björklund
- Center for Diabetes, Academic Specialist Center, Stockholm County Council, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Kerstin Brismar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Division of Internal Medicine, Unit for Diabetes Research, Karolinska Institutet, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens M Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes-Göran Östenson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pontus Aspenström
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annelie Brauner
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Farnesoid X receptor activation by the novel agonist TC-100 (3α, 7α, 11β-Trihydroxy-6α-ethyl-5β-cholan-24-oic Acid) preserves the intestinal barrier integrity and promotes intestinal microbial reshaping in a mouse model of obstructed bile acid flow. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113380. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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19
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Bek S, Teo YN, Tan XH, Fan KHR, Siah KTH. Association between irritable bowel syndrome and micronutrients: A systematic review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 37:1485-1497. [PMID: 35581170 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent disorder of gut brain interaction with a multifactorial etiology. Food trigger avoidance is common among individuals with IBS and exclusion diets are gaining popularity. However, recent guidelines on IBS management cautioned regarding the use of unsupervised dietary therapy with concerns of development of poor eating habits and even nutritional deficiencies. We aimed to review the available literature on the effect of habitual and exclusion diets on micronutrient status as well as the role of micronutrient supplementation in alleviating IBS symptoms. METHODS Four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science) were searched for articles that reported micronutrient data in patients with IBS. Serum micronutrient levels and dietary intake of micronutrients in patients with IBS were collected. The extracted data were tabulated and organized by micronutrient type to observe for trends. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included in this systematic review (12 interventional and 14 observational studies). Studies showed that generally IBS subjects had lower levels of vitamin B2, vitamin D, calcium, and iron at baseline compared with non-IBS subjects. Studies also found that exclusion diets were associated with lower intake of micronutrients especially vitamin B1, B2, calcium, iron, and zinc. There was a lack of interventional studies on micronutrients. CONCLUSION Irritable bowel syndrome patients are at risk of developing multiple micronutrient deficiencies that may have both localized gastrointestinal as well as systemic effects. Dietary management of IBS patients should include a proper dietitian review to ensure nutritional adequacy where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schin Bek
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Neng Teo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin-Hui Tan
- Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kristie H R Fan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,FAST and Chronic Programmes, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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20
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Zinc transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm via Zip7 is necessary for barrier dysfunction mediated by inflammatory signaling in RPE cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271656. [PMID: 35901031 PMCID: PMC9333247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signaling induces barrier dysfunction in retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells and plays a role in the pathology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We studied the role of Zn flux from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytoplasm via Zip7 during inflammatory signaling in RPE cells. In ARPE-19 cells, Zip7 inhibition reduced impedance loss, FITC-dextran permeability and cytokine induction caused by challenge with IL-1β/TNF-α. Zip7 inhibition in iPS-derived RPE cells challenged with TNF- α reduced barrier loss in TER assays. In ARPE-19 cells, a Zn ionophore restored cytokine induction and barrier loss in cells challenged with IL-1 β /TNF- α despite Zip7 inhibition. A cell permeable Zn chelator demonstrated that Zn is essential for IL-1 β /TNF- α signaling. ER stress caused by Zip7 inhibition in ARPE-19 cells was found to partially contribute to reducing barrier dysfunction caused by IL-1 β /TNF- α. Overall, it was shown that Zn flux through Zip7 from the ER to the cytoplasm plays a critical role in driving barrier dysfunction caused by inflammatory cytokines in RPE cells.
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21
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de Rooij WE, Vlieg – Boerstra B, Warners MJ, Van Ampting MT, van Esch BCAM, Eussen SRBM, Bredenoord AJ. Effect of amino acid-based formula added to four-food elimination in adult eosinophilic esophagitis patients: A randomized clinical trial. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14291. [PMID: 34792264 PMCID: PMC9286809 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elimination of key foods restricts dietary options in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) patients. Addition of amino acid-based formula (AAF) to an elimination diet might facilitate adherence and, therefore, enhance efficacy of dietary management. AIM To evaluate whether addition of AAF to a four-food elimination diet (FFED) is more effective than FFED alone in decreasing eosinophilia, endoscopic signs, and clinical outcomes. METHODS This randomized controlled trial enrolled 41 adult patients with active EoE (≥15 eosinophils (eos) per high power field (hpf)) at baseline biopsy. Subjects were randomized (1:1 ratio) to groups given a FFED or FFED with addition of AAF providing 30% of their daily energy needs (FFED + AAF). Histological disease activity, endoscopic signs, symptoms, and disease-related quality of life (EoEQoL) were measured at baseline and after 6 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Patients (60% male, age 34.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 29-42.8 years)) were randomized to FFED (n = 20) or FFED + AAF (n = 21); 40 participants completed the diet. Complete histological remission (<15 eos/hpf) was achieved in 48% of FFED + AAF subjects (n = 21) vs. 25% of FFED subjects (n = 20), respectively (p = 0.204). Peak eosinophil counts (PEC) decreased significantly in both groups between baseline and week 6, but the change in PEC between groups was not different (p = 0.130). A significant but similar endoscopic and symptomatic reduction was observed in both groups (all; p<0.05). Total EoEQoL scores significantly improved in the FFED + AAF group between baseline and week 6 (p = 0.007), and not in the FFED group. CONCLUSION The addition of AAF to a FFED did not lead to a larger decrease in PEC between baseline and 6 weeks, but may result in a significant improvement of QoL in adult EoE patients NL6014 (NTR6778).
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn E. de Rooij
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Berber Vlieg – Boerstra
- Department of PaediatricsOLVGAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Nutrition & DieteticsHanze University of Applied SciencesGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Marijn J. Warners
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyUniversity Medical Center Utrecht and St. Antonius Hospital NieuwegeinAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Betty C. A. M. van Esch
- Danone Nutricia ResearchUtrechtThe Netherlands,Division of PharmacologyUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Albert J. Bredenoord
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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22
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Miranda CTDOF, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Pedro ACC, Brandão-Neto J, Vale SHDL, Figueiredo MS. Zinc in sickle cell disease: A narrative review. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2022; 72:126980. [PMID: 35413496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2022.126980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disease caused by hemoglobin S mutated hemoglobin S. It is characterized by chronic hemolysis, intermittent vaso-occlusive crises followed by ischemia-reperfusion, and organ damage. These patients have an increased risk of multiple micronutrient deficiencies, such as zinc. The reduced zinc bioavailability in sickle cell patients may lead to several complications such as growth retardation, delayed wound healing, increased vaso-occlusive crises, and infections. This narrative review aims to analyze the literature concerning the zinc status in SCD and their possible consequences on the patients' clinical evolution. We found in children and adolescents a direct association between zinc insufficiencies/deficiencies with increased disease severity in SCD. Monitoring zinc status in children and adolescent SCD appears essential for reducing disease-associated morbidity and infections. Zinc supplementation is a safe therapeutic modality for treating SCD patients. New research must be carried out, especially for adults, to ensure more remarkable survival for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Carolina Cabañas Pedro
- Post-doctoral student Medicine Program (Hematology/Oncology), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Brandão-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
| | | | - Maria Stella Figueiredo
- Division of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Wan Y, Zhang B. The Impact of Zinc and Zinc Homeostasis on the Intestinal Mucosal Barrier and Intestinal Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070900. [PMID: 35883455 PMCID: PMC9313088 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element for living organisms, and zinc homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of the normal physiological functions of cells and organisms. The intestine is the main location for zinc absorption and excretion, while zinc and zinc homeostasis is also of great significance to the structure and function of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Zinc excess or deficiency and zinc homeostatic imbalance are all associated with many intestinal diseases, such as IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), and CRC (colorectal cancer). In this review, we describe the role of zinc and zinc homeostasis in the intestinal mucosal barrier and the relevance of zinc homeostasis to gastrointestinal diseases.
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Bauer KC, Littlejohn PT, Ayala V, Creus-Cuadros A, Finlay BB. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut-Liver Axis: Exploring an Undernutrition Perspective. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1858-1875.e2. [PMID: 35248539 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition affecting one quarter of the global population. Although primarily linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, undernutrition and the altered (dysbiotic) gut microbiome influence NAFLD progression. Both undernutrition and NAFLD prevalence are predicted to considerably increase, but how the undernourished gut microbiome contributes to hepatic pathophysiology remains far less studied. Here, we present undernutrition conditions with fatty liver features, including kwashiorkor and micronutrient deficiency. We then review the gut microbiota-liver axis, highlighting key pathways linked to NAFLD progression within both overnutrition and undernutrition. To conclude, we identify challenges and collaborative possibilities of emerging multiomic research addressing the pathology and treatment of undernourished NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylynda C Bauer
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Thoracic and Gastrointestinal Malignancies Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paula T Littlejohn
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Victoria Ayala
- Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida (IRB-Lleida), Lleida, Spain; Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Anna Creus-Cuadros
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Kalyan G, Slusser-Nore A, Dunlevy JR, Bathula CS, Shabb JB, Muhonen W, Somji S, Sens DA, Garrett SH. Protein interactions with metallothionein-3 promote vectorial active transport in human proximal tubular cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267599. [PMID: 35503771 PMCID: PMC9064079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallothionein 3 (MT-3) is a small, cysteine-rich protein that binds to essential metals required for homeostasis, as well as to heavy metals that have the potential to exert toxic effects on cells. MT-3 is expressed by epithelial cells of the human kidney, including the cells of the proximal tubule. Our laboratory has previously shown that mortal cultures of human proximal tubular (HPT) cells express MT-3 and form domes in the cell monolayer, a morphological feature indicative of vectorial active transport, an essential function of the proximal tubule. However, an immortalized proximal tubular cell line HK-2 lacks the expression of MT-3 and fails to form domes in the monolayer. Transfection of HK-2 cells with the MT-3 gene restores dome formation in these cells suggesting that MT-3 is required for vectorial active transport. In order to determine how MT-3 imparts this essential feature to the proximal tubule, we sought to identify proteins that interact either directly or indirectly with MT-3. Using a combination of pulldowns, co-immunoprecipitations, and mass spectrometry analysis, putative protein interactants were identified and subsequently confirmed by Western analysis and confocal microscopy, following which proteins with direct physical interactions were investigated through molecular docking. Our data shows that MT-3 interacts with myosin-9, aldolase A, enolase 1, β-actin, and tropomyosin 3 and that these interactions are maximized at the periphery of the apical membrane of doming proximal tubule cells. Together these observations reveal that MT-3 interacts with proteins involved in cytoskeletal organization and energy metabolism, and these interactions at the apical membrane support vectorial active transport and cell differentiation in proximal tubule cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gazal Kalyan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Andrea Slusser-Nore
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Jane R. Dunlevy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Chandra S. Bathula
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - John B. Shabb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Wallace Muhonen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Donald A. Sens
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
| | - Scott H. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Chronic Intestinal Disorders in Humans and Pets: Current Management and the Potential of Nutraceutical Antioxidants as Alternatives. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070812. [PMID: 35405802 PMCID: PMC8996831 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic disorders of the intestinal tract (CID) are characterized by signs of inflammation of the intestine for a period of at least three weeks. Both humans and pets can be affected by these disorders. Different therapeutic approaches can be selected to treat patients and the use of natural products has been increased in the last decade, since oxidative stress plays a key role in the progression of the chronic intestinal disorders. In this review, the antioxidant proprieties of several natural products with potential for treatment of CID in human and veterinary medicine are highlighted. Unfortunately, few clinical trials report the use of these products for treating CID in humans and none in animals. Abstract Chronic intestinal disorders (CID) are characterized by persistent, or recurrent gastrointestinal (GI) signs present for at least three weeks. In human medicine, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic GI diseases and includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). On the other hand, the general term chronic enteropathies (CE) is preferred in veterinary medicine. Different therapeutic approaches to these diseases are used in both humans and pets. This review is focused on the use of traditional therapies and nutraceuticals with specific antioxidant properties, for the treatment of CID in humans and animal patients. There is strong evidence of the antioxidant properties of the nutraceuticals included in this review, but few studies report their use for treating CID in humans and none in animals. Despite this fact, the majority of the nutraceuticals described in the present article could be considered as promising alternatives for the regular treatment of CID in human and veterinary medicine.
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Hamam ET, Awadalla A, shokeir AA, Aboul-Naga AM. Zinc oxide nanoparticles attenuate prepubertal exposure to cisplatin- induced testicular toxicity and spermatogenesis impairment in rats. Toxicology 2022; 468:153102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sauer AK, Malijauskaite S, Meleady P, Boeckers TM, McGourty K, Grabrucker AM. Zinc is a key regulator of gastrointestinal development, microbiota composition and inflammation with relevance for autism spectrum disorders. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:46. [PMID: 34936034 PMCID: PMC11072240 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04052-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) problems and microbiota alterations have been frequently reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, abnormal perinatal trace metal levels have been found in ASD. Accordingly, mice exposed to prenatal zinc deficiency display features of ASD-like behavior. Here, we model GI development using 3D intestinal organoids grown under zinc-restricted conditions. We found significant morphological alterations. Using proteomic approaches, we identified biological processes affected by zinc deficiency that regulate barrier permeability and pro-inflammatory pathways. We confirmed our results in vivo through proteomics studies and investigating GI development in zinc-deficient mice. These show altered GI physiology and pro-inflammatory signaling, resulting in chronic systemic and neuroinflammation, and gut microbiota composition similar to that reported in human ASD cases. Thus, low zinc status during development is sufficient to compromise intestinal barrier integrity and activate pro-inflammatory signaling, resulting in changes in microbiota composition that may aggravate inflammation, altogether mimicking the co-morbidities frequently observed in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Katrin Sauer
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, Analog Devices Building AD3-018, Castletroy, Limerick, V94PH61, Ireland
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sigita Malijauskaite
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- School of Biotechnology and National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- DZNE, Ulm Unit, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kieran McGourty
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Cellular Neurobiology and Neuro-Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Bernal Institute, Analog Devices Building AD3-018, Castletroy, Limerick, V94PH61, Ireland.
- Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute (HRI), University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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29
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Moog BA, Angeles AA, Merca FE, Sangel PP. Comparative effect of potentiated zinc oxide and antibiotic growth promoters on intestinal morphometry and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 54:16. [PMID: 34905114 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-03012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The comparative effects of potentiated zinc oxide (pZnO) and antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) supplementation on intestinal morphometry and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens were studied. Four hundred straight-run Cobb 500-day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments replicated 10 times with 10 birds per replicate. Dietary treatments were as follows: T1: basal diets without AGP (negative control; NC), T2: basal diets with 500 g/t maduramicin 10 g and 500 g/t zinc bacitracin 150 (positive control; PC), T3: NC added with 150 g/t pZnO, and T4: PC added with 150 g/t pZnO in a 2 × 2 factorial design in RCBD. At days 18 and 35, 10 birds were randomly selected per treatment for morphometry of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. At day 38, eight birds per treatment were used for the nutrient digestibility study. Results showed significant interaction effects (P < 0.05) of AGP and pZnO supplementation on day 35 intestinal morphometry of duodenum's villi height and villi height: crypt depth, and ileum's crypt depth; apparent CODGE, AME, CP, DM, and EE. Significant differences (P < 0.05) with pZnO supplementation were only observed on feed intake and FCR of birds fed with pZnO at days 8-14 and fecal quality at days 0-7. Results of present study suggested that pZnO has the potential to replace AGPs without negatively affecting the intestinal morphometry, digestibility, and growth performance of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Moog
- Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines.
| | - A A Angeles
- Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
- Dairy Training and Research Institute, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - F E Merca
- Institute of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - P P Sangel
- Institute of Animal Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
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Su J, He Z, Yu Y, Lu M, Wu Z, Zhang D. Gualou Xiebai Decoction ameliorates increased Caco-2 monolayer permeability induced by bile acids via tight junction regulation, oxidative stress suppression and apoptosis reduction. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2021; 54:45-57. [PMID: 34718922 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-021-09927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gualou Xiebai Decoction (GXD), a classic prescription, is widely used to dealing with inflammatory diseases in China for thousands of years. Abnormal metabolic state of bile acids (BAs) is confirmed to cause intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction. In preliminary work, we observed that GXD could decrease intestinal permeability in hyperlipidemia mice. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of GXD on intestinal mucosa in vitro. Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability among different groups was determined by measuring the concentrations of FITC-dextran in the lower compartments and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Meanwhile, mRNA and protein expressions of tight junctions (TJs) were investigated. Generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ratio of cell apoptosis induced by BAs were assessed by fluorescence probe and flow cytometry. GXD was shown to keep the cell monolayer in low permeable status, increase TEER and mRNA and protein expressions of occludin (Ocln) and zonula occluden 2 (ZO2) remarkably in cells challenged with cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA) and glycocholic acid (GCA). However, no significant effects were uncovered against the pathological effects of taurocholic acid (TCA). Meanwhile, generation of ROS and increased levels of apoptotic cells caused by CA, DCA and GCA were dramatically decreased by GXD, which were not observed on TCA. GXD could significantly attenuate intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by BAs via TJs regulation, oxidative stress suppression and cell apoptosis decrease, but such effects and behind mechanisms differed among different kinds of BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyuan Su
- The Department of Geriatrics, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force (Clinical College of Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yunhua Yu
- The Department of Geriatrics, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force (Clinical College of Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Mingfang Lu
- The Department of Geriatrics, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force (Clinical College of Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- The Department of Geriatrics, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force (Clinical College of Fujian Medical University), Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Expósito E, González-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J. Present and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Barrier Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718093. [PMID: 34778332 PMCID: PMC8582318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging and increasing evidence, but also uncertainty, for the role of abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function in the origin and development of a growing number of human gastrointestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders, and their related complaints. Despite a vast literature addressing factors and mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability in humans, and its connection to the appearance and severity of clinical symptoms, the ultimate link remains to be established in many cases. Accordingly, there are no directives or clinical guidelines related to the therapeutic management of intestinal permeability disorders that allow health professionals involved in the management of these patients to carry out a consensus treatment based on clinical evidence. Instead, there are multiple pseudoscientific approaches and commercial propaganda scattered on the internet that confuse those affected and health professionals and that often lack scientific rigor. Therefore, in this review we aim to shed light on the different therapeutic options, which include, among others, dietary management, nutraceuticals and medical devices, microbiota and drugs, and epigenetic and exosomes-manipulation, through an objective evaluation of the scientific publications in this field. Advances in the knowledge and management of intestinal permeability will sure enable better options of dealing with this group of common disorders to enhance quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercé Albert-Bayo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John-Peter Ganda Mall
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Serra-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Henao-Paez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Expósito
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Yokoo K, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. Ammonia impairs tight junction barriers by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in Caco-2 cells. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21854. [PMID: 34597422 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100758r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms; however, its role in intestinal homeostasis is poorly understood. The present study investigated the regulation of intestinal tight junction (TJ) proteins by ammonia and the underlying mechanisms in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Ammonia (15, 30, and 60 mM) increased the permeability of the cells in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by reduced transepithelial electrical resistance and increased dextran flux. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the ammonia-induced increase in TJ permeability reduced the membrane localization of TJ proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO)1, ZO2, occludin, claudin-1, and claudin-3. DNA microarray analysis identified a biological pathway "response to reactive oxygen species" enriched by ammonia treatment, indicating the induction of oxidative stress in the cells. Ammonia treatment also increased the malondialdehyde content and decreased the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Meanwhile, ammonia treatment-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by the downregulation of genes associated with the electron transport chain, reduction of the cellular ATP, NADH, and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate content, and suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential. In contrast, N-acetyl cysteine reversed the ammonia-induced impairment of TJ permeability and structure without affecting the mitochondrial parameters. Collectively, ammonia impaired the TJ barrier by increasing oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. A mitochondrial dysfunction is possibly an event preceding ammonia-induced oxidative stress. The findings of this study could potentially improve our understanding of the interplay between intestinal microorganisms and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yokoo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Lerner A, Benzvi C. Microbial Transglutaminase Is a Very Frequently Used Food Additive and Is a Potential Inducer of Autoimmune/Neurodegenerative Diseases. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100233. [PMID: 34678929 PMCID: PMC8537092 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a heavily used food additive and its industrial transamidated complexes usage is rising rapidly. It was classified as a processing aid and was granted the GRAS (generally recognized as safe) definition, thus escaping full and thorough toxic and safety evaluations. Despite the manufacturers claims, mTG or its cross-linked compounds are immunogenic, pathogenic, proinflammatory, allergenic and toxic, and pose a risk to public health. The enzyme is a member of the transglutaminase family and imitates the posttranslational modification of gluten, by the tissue transglutaminase, which is the autoantigen of celiac disease. The deamidated and transamidated gliadin peptides lose their tolerance and induce the gluten enteropathy. Microbial transglutaminase and its complexes increase intestinal permeability, suppresses enteric protective pathways, enhances microbial growth and gliadin peptide’s epithelial uptake and can transcytose intra-enterocytically to face the sub-epithelial immune cells. The present review updates on the potentially detrimental side effects of mTG, aiming to interest the scientific community, induce food regulatory authorities’ debates on its safety, and protect the public from the mTG unwanted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel;
- Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-525-919484
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel;
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Al-Ayadhi L, Zayed N, Bhat RS, Moubayed NMS, Al-Muammar MN, El-Ansary A. The use of biomarkers associated with leaky gut as a diagnostic tool for early intervention in autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:54. [PMID: 34517895 PMCID: PMC8439029 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Innovative research highlighted the probable connection between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and gut microbiota as many autistic individuals have gastrointestinal problems as co-morbidities. This review emphasizes the role of altered gut microbiota observed frequently in autistic patients, and the mechanisms through which such alterations may trigger leaky gut. Main body Different bacterial metabolite levels in the blood and urine of autistic children, such as short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharides, beta-cresol, and bacterial toxins, were reviewed. Moreover, the importance of selected proteins, among which are calprotectin, zonulin, and lysozyme, were discussed as biomarkers for the early detection of leaky gut as an etiological mechanism of ASD through the less integrative gut–blood–brain barriers. Disrupted gut–blood–brain barriers can explain the leakage of bacterial metabolites in these patients. Conclusion Although the cause-to-effect relationship between ASD and altered gut microbiota is not yet well understood, this review shows that with the consumption of specific diets, definite probiotics may represent a noninvasive tool to reestablish healthy gut microbiota and stimulate gut health. The diagnostic and therapeutic value of intestinal proteins and bacterial-derived compounds as new possible biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets, are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13099-021-00448-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naima Zayed
- Therapuetic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadine M S Moubayed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, Female Campus, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - May N Al-Muammar
- Department of Community Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Centre for Scientific and Medical Studies, King Saud University, P.O box 22452, Zip code 11495, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Mayangsari Y, Sugimachi N, Xu W, Mano C, Tanaka Y, Ueda O, Sakuta T, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto Y, Suzuki T. 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentamethoxyflavone Enhances the Barrier Function through Transcriptional Regulation of the Tight Junction in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10174-10183. [PMID: 34449209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier plays a pivotal role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of 3,5,7,3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF), a major polymethoxyflavone found in black ginger, on TJ barrier regulation using intestinal Caco-2 cells. PMF treatment enhanced the TJ barrier integrity in Caco-2 cells, indicated by increased transepithelial electrical resistance (control, 1261 ± 36 Ω·cm2; 100 μM PMF, 1383 ± 55 Ω·cm2 at 48 h, p < 0.05) and decreased permeability to fluorescein-conjugated dextran (control, 24.2 ± 1.8 pmol/(cm2 × h); 100 μM PMF, 18.6 ± 1.0 pmol/(cm2 × h), p < 0.05). Immunoblot analysis revealed that PMF increased the cytoskeletal association and cellular expression of the TJ proteins, zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and claudin-4 (e.g., occludin; control, 1.00 ± 0.2; 100 μM PMF, 3.69 ± 0.86 at 48 h, p < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis and a luciferase promoter assay showed that PMF enhanced the transcription of occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-4. The promoter assay with site-directed mutagenesis indicated that PMF-induced occludin and claudin-3 transcription was mediated by transcription factors, KLF5 and EGR1, respectively, while PMF activated claudin-4 transcription through GATA1 and AP1. Taken together, the transcriptional regulation of TJ proteins is involved in PMF-mediated promotion of the intestinal barrier in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunika Mayangsari
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Gadjah Mada University, Jl. Flora No 1, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Natsumi Sugimachi
- School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Wenxi Xu
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Mano
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
| | - Osamu Ueda
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sakuta
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Suzuki
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, 1-2-11 Takashima, Nishi-ku, Yokohama 220-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Sadeghsoltani F, Hassanpour P, Qujeq D, Rashtchizadeh N, Ghorbanihaghjo A. Zinc and Selenium in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Trace Elements with Key Roles? Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3190-3204. [PMID: 33098076 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition that may emerge at a young age and often lasts for life. It often goes through phases of recurrence and remission and has a devastating effect on quality of life. The exact etiology of the disease is still unclear, but it appears that an inappropriate immune response to intestinal flora bacteria in people with a genetic predisposition may cause the disease. Managing inflammatory bowel disease is still a serious challenge. Oxidative stress and free radicals appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, and a number of studies have suggested the use of antioxidants as a therapeutic approach. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of some trace elements have led some of the research to focus on studying these trace elements in inflammatory bowel disease. Zinc and selenium are among the most important trace elements that have significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Some studies have shown the importance of these trace elements in inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we have attempted to provide a comprehensive overview of the findings of these studies and to gather current knowledge about the association of these trace elements with the inflammatory process and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghsoltani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parisa Hassanpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nadereh Rashtchizadeh
- Connective Tissue Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 14711, Tabriz, 5166614711, Iran.
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Santos HO. Therapeutic supplementation with zinc in the management of COVID-19-related diarrhea and ageusia/dysgeusia: mechanisms and clues for a personalized dosage regimen. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1086-1093. [PMID: 34338769 PMCID: PMC8385805 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc supplementation is indicated for diarrhea and taste disorders, which are both features of COVID-19. Nevertheless, this strategy has not been tested for the treatment of these secondary complications in the current pandemic. Through an updated review, a practical appraisal was considered as a means of providing a medical nexus of therapeutic zinc regimens as an adjunct in the management of COVID-19–related diarrhea and ageusia/dysgeusia. While diarrhea and taste disorders are consequences of COVID-19, zinc supplementation is useful for non–COVID-19 patients with these clinical problems. The overwhelming evidence for supplementing with zinc in diarrhea and pneumonia is associated with the treatment of children, while for taste disorders the use of supplementing with zinc is more examined in adults. Whereas COVID-19 is more prevalent in adults, precautions should be exercised not to translate the zinc dosage used for children with diarrhea and taste disorders into the current pandemic. Therapeutic doses of zinc used for adults (∼50–150 mg/day of elemental zinc) could be included in the treatment strategies for COVID-19, but this proposal should be examined through randomized studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor O Santos
- H.O. Santos is with the School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- H.O. Santos, School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Para Street, 1720, Umuarama, Block 2H, Uberlandia, 38400-902 MG, Brazil. E-mail:
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Gomez-Casado C, Sanchez-Solares J, Izquierdo E, Díaz-Perales A, Barber D, Escribese MM. Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases. Foods 2021; 10:970. [PMID: 33925074 PMCID: PMC8146604 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most prevalent food allergies during early childhood are caused by foods with a high allergenic protein content, such as milk, egg, nuts, or fish. In older subjects, some respiratory allergies progressively lead to food-induced allergic reactions, which can be severe, such as urticaria or asthma. Oral mucosa remodeling has been recently proven to be a feature of severe allergic phenotypes and autoimmune diseases. This remodeling process includes epithelial barrier disruption and the release of inflammatory signals. Although little is known about the immune processes taking place in the oral mucosa, there are a few reports describing the oral mucosa-associated immune system. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent knowledge about the role of the oral mucosa in food-induced allergic reactions, as well as in severe respiratory allergies or food-induced autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Gomez-Casado
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Javier Sanchez-Solares
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Araceli Díaz-Perales
- Center of Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Technical University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Domingo Barber
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
| | - María M. Escribese
- Institute of Applied Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, 28003 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-S.); (E.I.); (D.B.); (M.M.E.)
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Epithelial barrier function properties of the 16HBE14o- human bronchial epithelial cell culture model. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226530. [PMID: 32985670 PMCID: PMC7569203 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The human bronchial epithelial cell line, 16HBE14o- (16HBE), is widely used as a model for respiratory epithelial diseases and barrier function. During differentiation, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) increased to approximately 800 Ohms × cm2, while 14C-d-mannitol flux rates (Jm) simultaneously decreased. Tight junctions (TJs) were shown by diffusion potential studies to be anion-selective with PC1/PNa = 1.9. Transepithelial leakiness could be induced by the phorbol ester, protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), and the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Basal barrier function could not be improved by the micronutrients, zinc, or quercetin. Of methodological significance, TER was observed to be more variable and to spontaneously, significantly decrease after initial barrier formation, whereas Jm did not significantly fluctuate or increase. Unlike the strong inverse relationship between TER and Jm during differentiation, differentiated cell layers manifested no relationship between TER and Jm. There was also much greater variability for TER values compared with Jm. Investigating the dependence of 16HBE TER on transcellular ion conductance, inhibition of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) chloride channel with GlyH-101 produced a large decrease in short-circuit current (Isc) and a slight increase in TER, but no significant change in Jm. A strong temperature dependence was observed not only for Isc, but also for TER. In summary, research utilizing 16HBE as a model in airway barrier function studies needs to be aware of the complexity of TER as a parameter of barrier function given the influence of CFTR-dependent transcellular conductance on TER.
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40
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Hoffman JF, Vergara VB, Kalinich JF. Brain region- and metal-specific effects of embedded metals in a shrapnel wound model in the rat. Neurotoxicology 2021; 83:116-128. [PMID: 33453298 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of prolonged exposure to embedded metal fragments, such as those found in shrapnel wounds sustained by an increasing number of military personnel, are not well known. As part of a large collaborative effort to expand this knowledge, we use an animal model of shrapnel wounds originally developed to investigate effects of embedded depleted uranium to investigate effects of military-relevant metals tungsten, nickel, cobalt, iron, copper, aluminum, lead, and depleted uranium compared to an inert control, tantalum. Rats are surgically implanted with pellets of one of the metals of interest in the gastrocnemius (leg) muscle and tracked until 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months from the time of implant, at which point they are euthanized and multiple organs and tissue samples are collected for inspection. Here we focus on four regions of the brain: frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and cerebellum. We examined changes in accumulated metal concentration in each region as well as changes in expression of proteins related to blood brain barrier tight junction formation, occludin and ZO-1, and synapse function, PSD95, spinophilin, and synaptotagmin. We report few changes in metal accumulation or blood brain barrier protein expression, but a large number of synapse proteins have reduced expression levels, particularly within the first 6 months of exposure, but there are regional and metal-specific differences in effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Hoffman
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vernieda B Vergara
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F Kalinich
- Internal Contamination and Metal Toxicity Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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41
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Lacerda JF, Lagos AC, Carolino E, Silva-Herdade AS, Silva M, Sousa Guerreiro C. Functional Food Components, Intestinal Permeability and Inflammatory Markers in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:642. [PMID: 33669400 PMCID: PMC7920414 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by a chronic inflammatory process that affects the intestinal barrier structure. Recent evidence suggests that some food components can influence the integrity of the intestinal barrier and thus its permeability. We aimed at assessing the effect of food components on the intestinal permeability (IP) and on inflammatory markers in individuals with IBD by a single-blind randomized clinical study. Of the 53 individuals included, 47% (n = 25) had been diagnosed with IBD. The participants were divided into 4 groups. IBD patients were allocated to intervention group (n = 14) vs. no intervention group (n = 11), and the same happened with 28 control participants without disease (n = 14 in intervention group vs. n = 14 without intervention). Symptomatology, nutritional status, biochemical parameters (specifically serum zonulin (ZO) to measure IP) were evaluated on all individuals on an eight week period following a diet plan with/without potentially beneficial foods for the IP. At the beginning of the study, there were no significant differences in ZO values between individuals with and without IBD (p > 0.05). The effect of specific food components was inconclusive; however, a trend in the reduction of inflammatory parameters and on the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptomatology was observed. More controlled intervention studies with diet plans, including food components potentially beneficial for the integrity of the intestinal barrier, are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Franco Lacerda
- Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Hospital of Armed Forces Lisbon Pole, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Ana Catarina Lagos
- Hospital of Armed Forces Lisbon Pole, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Elisabete Carolino
- H&TRC—Health & Technology Research Center, Polytechnic Institute of Lisbon, School of Health Technology, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Ana Santos Silva-Herdade
- Faculty of Medicine University of Lisbon, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Manuel Silva
- Hospital of Armed Forces Lisbon Pole, 1649-020 Lisbon, Portugal; (A.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Catarina Sousa Guerreiro
- Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-045 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Environmental Health, University of Lisbon, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal
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Name JJ, Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Prado PS, Pereira CPM. Zinc, Vitamin D and Vitamin C: Perspectives for COVID-19 With a Focus on Physical Tissue Barrier Integrity. Front Nutr 2020; 7:606398. [PMID: 33365326 PMCID: PMC7750357 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.606398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Some nutrients play key roles in maintaining the integrity and function of the immune system, presenting synergistic actions in steps determinant for the immune response. Among these elements, zinc and vitamins C and D stand out for having immunomodulatory functions and for playing roles in preserving physical tissue barriers. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, nutrients that can optimize the immune system to prevent or lower the risk of severe progression and prognosis of this viral infection become relevant. Thus, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the roles of zinc and vitamins C and D in the immune response to viral infections, focusing on the synergistic action of these nutrients in the maintenance of physical tissue barriers, such as the skin and mucous membranes. The evidence found in the literature shows that deficiency of one or more of these three elements compromises the immune response, making an individual more vulnerable to viral infections and to a worse disease prognosis. Thus, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the adequate intake of zinc and vitamins C and D may represent a promising pharmacological tool due to the high demand for these nutrients in the case of contact with the virus and onset of the inflammatory process. Ongoing clinical trials will help to clarify the role of these nutrients for COVID-19 management.
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Affiliation(s)
- José João Name
- Kilyos Consultoria, Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo, Brazil
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43
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Zinc-methionine acts as an anti-diarrheal agent by protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier in postnatal Holstein dairy calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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44
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Horst EA, Mayorga EJ, Al-Qaisi M, Rodriguez-Jimenez S, Goetz BM, Abeyta MA, Gorden PJ, Kvidera SK, Baumgard LH. Evaluating effects of zinc hydroxychloride on biomarkers of inflammation and intestinal integrity during feed restriction. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11911-11929. [PMID: 33041022 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives were to evaluate effects of supplemental zinc hydroxychloride (HYD; Micronutrients, Indianapolis, IN) on gut permeability, metabolism, and inflammation during feed restriction (FR). Holstein cows (n = 24; 159 ± 8 d in milk; parity 3 ± 0.2) were enrolled in a 2 × 2 factorial design and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: (1) ad libitum fed (AL) and control diet (ALCON; 75 mg/kg Zn from zinc sulfate; n = 6); (2) ad libitum fed and HYD diet (ALHYD; 75 mg/kg Zn from HYD; n = 6); (3) 40% of ad libitum feed intake and control diet (FRCON; n = 6); or (4) 40% of ad libitum feed intake and HYD diet (FRHYD; n = 6). Prior to study initiation, cows were fed their respective diets for 21 d. The trial consisted of 2 experimental periods (P) during which cows continued to receive their respective dietary treatments. Period 1 (5 d) served as the baseline for P2 (5 d), during which cows were fed ad libitum or restricted to 40% of P1 feed intake. In vivo total-tract permeability was evaluated on d 4 of P1 and on d 2 and 5 of P2, using the paracellular permeability marker chromium (Cr)-EDTA. All cows were euthanized at the end of P2 to assess intestinal architecture. As anticipated, FR cows lost body weight (∼46 kg), entered into calculated negative energy balance (-13.86 Mcal/d), and had decreased milk yield. Circulating glucose, insulin, and glucagon decreased, and nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate increased in FR relative to AL cows. Relative to AL cows, FR increased lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp) concentrations (2-, 4-, and 17-fold, respectively); and peak SAA and Hp concentrations were observed on d 5. Circulating SAA and Hp from FRHYD tended to be decreased (47 and 61%, respectively) on d 5 relative to FRCON. Plasma Cr area under the curve increased (32%) in FR treatments on d 2 and tended to be increased (17%) on d 5 of P2 relative to AL treatments. No effects of diet were observed on Cr appearance. Relative to AL cows, FR increased jejunum villus width and decreased jejunum crypt depth and ileum villus height and crypt depth. Relative to FRCON, ileum villus height tended to increase in FRHYD cows. Feed restriction tended to decrease jejunum and ileum mucosal surface area, but the decrease in the ileum was ameliorated by dietary HYD. In summary, FR induced gut hyperpermeability to Cr-EDTA, and feeding HYD appeared to benefit some key metrics of barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Horst
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - E J Mayorga
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - M Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | | | - B M Goetz
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - M A Abeyta
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - P J Gorden
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011
| | - S K Kvidera
- Micronutrients USA LLC, Indianapolis, IN 46241
| | - L H Baumgard
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, 50011.
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45
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Suzuki T. Regulation of the intestinal barrier by nutrients: The role of tight junctions. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13357. [PMID: 32219956 PMCID: PMC7187240 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. TJs in intestinal epithelial cells are composed of different junctional molecules, such as claudin and occludin, and regulate the paracellular permeability of water, ions, and macromolecules in adjacent cells. One of the most important roles of the TJ structure is to provide a physical barrier to luminal inflammatory molecules. Impaired integrity and structure of the TJ barrier result in a forcible activation of immune cells and chronic inflammation in different tissues. According to recent studies, the intestinal TJ barrier could be regulated, as a potential target, by dietary factors to prevent and reduce different inflammatory disorders, although the precise mechanisms underlying the dietary regulation remain unclear. This review summarizes currently available information on the regulation of the intestinal TJ barrier by food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.,Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
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Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells mitigate intestinal toxicity in a mouse model of acute radiation syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:371. [PMID: 32854778 PMCID: PMC7457304 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01887-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human exposure to high doses of radiation resulting in acute radiation syndrome and death can rapidly escalate to a mass casualty catastrophe in the event of nuclear accidents or terrorism. The primary reason is that there is presently no effective treatment option, especially for radiation-induced gastrointestinal syndrome. This syndrome results from disruption of mucosal barrier integrity leading to severe dehydration, blood loss, and sepsis. In this study, we tested whether extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) could reduce radiation-related mucosal barrier damage and reduce radiation-induced animal mortality. Methods Human MSC-derived extracellular vesicles were intravenously administered to NUDE mice, 3, 24, and 48 h after lethal whole-body irradiation (10 Gy). Integrity of the small intestine epithelial barrier was assessed by morphologic analysis, immunostaining for tight junction protein (claudin-3), and in vivo permeability to 4 kDa FITC-labeled dextran. Renewal of the small intestinal epithelium was determined by quantifying epithelial cell apoptosis (TUNEL staining) and proliferation (Ki67 immunostaining). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey test. Statistical analyses of mouse survival were performed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox methods. Results We demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicle treatment reduced by 85% the instantaneous mortality risk in mice subjected to 10 Gy whole-body irradiation and so increased their survival time. This effect could be attributed to the efficacy of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles in reducing mucosal barrier disruption. We showed that the MSC-derived extracellular vesicles improved the renewal of the small intestinal epithelium by stimulating proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis of the epithelial crypt cells. The MSC-derived extracellular vesicles also reduced radiation-induced mucosal permeability as evidenced by the preservation of claudin-3 immunostaining at the tight junctions of the epithelium. Conclusions MSC-derived extracellular vesicles promote epithelial repair and regeneration and preserve structural integrity of the intestinal epithelium in mice exposed to radiation-induced gastrointestinal toxicity. Our results suggest that the administration of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles could be an effective therapy for limiting acute radiation syndrome.
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Foligné B, George F, Standaert A, Garat A, Poiret S, Peucelle V, Ferreira S, Sobry H, Muharram G, Lucau‐Danila A, Daniel C. High‐dose dietary supplementation with zinc prevents gut inflammation: Investigation of the role of metallothioneins and beyond by transcriptomic and metagenomic studies. FASEB J 2020; 34:12615-12633. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000562rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 ‐ Infinite ‐ Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Fanny George
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 ‐ Infinite ‐ Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483‐IMPECS‐IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine Lille France
| | - Annie Standaert
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 ‐ Infinite ‐ Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Lille France
| | - Anne Garat
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, ULR 4483‐IMPECS‐IMPact de l'Environnement Chimique sur la Santé humaine Lille France
- CHU Lille, Unité Fonctionnelle de Toxicologie Lille France
| | - Sabine Poiret
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Véronique Peucelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | | | - Hélène Sobry
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Ghaffar Muharram
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
| | - Anca Lucau‐Danila
- BIOECOAGRO INRAe, UArtois, ULiege, ULille, ULCO, UPJV, YNCREA, Institut Charles Viollette Lille France
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 – UMR 9017 ‐ CIIL ‐ Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille Lille France
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Rerksuppaphol L, Rerksuppaphol S. Efficacy of zinc supplementation in the management of acute diarrhoea: a randomised controlled trial. Paediatr Int Child Health 2020; 40:105-110. [PMID: 31578136 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2019.1673548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Zinc has been recommended for the treatment of acute diarrhoea; however, there are heterogeneous reports regarding its efficacy.Aim: This study investigated the efficacy of zinc supplementation on the treatment outcomes of children admitted to hospital with acute diarrhoea.Methods: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in the Srinakharinwirot University Hospital's Paediatric Department, Thailand. Eligible children were randomly allocated to receive either zinc bisglycinate (15 mg elemental zinc) or a placebo. The study protocol was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20190423004).Results: Of 86 patients, 50 (58.1%) were male and the mean age (range) was 2.5 years (6 months to 9.3 years). The median (IQR) number of hours to recovery from diarrhoea was significantly less in the zinc group than in the controls [44 (24-48) vs 52 (36-80) hours, respectively, p < 0.01]. The median (IQR) number of stools was significantly lower in the zinc group [5 (3-12)] than in the controls [7 (4-17), p = 0.02]. The median (IQR) duration of intravenous fluid therapy was 40 (24-56) hours in the zinc group and 56 (40-73) in the control group (p < 0.01). The duration of hospitalisation was 60 (44-72) hours in the zinc group and 84 (56-136) hours in the controls (p < 0.01). There was good compliance by all participants in both groups.Conclusion: Zinc supplementation can reduce the time to resolution of acute diarrhoea, the length of hospital stay and the frequency of stools. Zinc supplementation is recommended as a routine strategy for Thai children with acute diarrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakkana Rerksuppaphol
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Shaffer JE, Mamedova LK, DeFrain JM, Pandalaneni K, Amamcharla JK, Takiya CS, Bradford BJ. Dietary Zinc-Amino Acid Complex Does Not Affect Markers of Mammary Epithelial Integrity or Heat Stability of Milk in Mid-Lactating Cows. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 190:349-357. [PMID: 30382478 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Supplying dietary zinc in excess of traditional requirements has clear impacts on the gut epithelium, but little research has explored whether similar impacts on the mammary epithelium may occur. Our objective was to determine the effects of supplemental Zn sources, in excess of minimal requirements, on markers of mammary epithelial integrity in blood and in milk as well as the heat stability of milk in mid-lactation cows. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (132 ± 21 days in milk and 51 ± 3 kg/day milk) were blocked according to milk yield and enrolled in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Experimental periods were 21 days, with 17 days allowed for diet adaptation and 4 days for sampling. Treatment sequences were randomly assigned to animals and treatments were as follows: (1) 0.97 g Zn/day provided as ZnSO4 (34.5 mg supplemental Zn/kg diet DM; 30-ZS), (2) 1.64 g Zn/day provided as ZnSO4 (56.5 mg supplemental Zn/kg diet DM; 60-ZS), and (3) 0.55 g Zn/day provided as ZnSO4 plus 1.13 g Zn/day provided as a zinc-methionine complex (58.2 mg supplemental Zn/kg diet DM; 60-ZM). Treatments were administered once daily as an oral bolus containing all supplemental trace minerals. Rumen-bypass methionine was also included in the 30-ZS and 60-ZS boluses to provide metabolizable methionine equivalent to that provided in 60-ZM rations. Milk samples were assessed for electrolytes, somatic cell transcript abundance of genes related to zinc metabolism, and heat coagulation time. Whole blood samples were analyzed for Na and K concentrations, and plasma samples were analyzed for lactose concentration. Cows fed 60-ZS or 60-ZM had greater zinc intake compared to 30-ZS. Dry matter intake and milk fat content tended to be greater in 60-ZS and 60-ZM cows compared to 30-ZS. Somatic cell linear score was similar among treatments. Treatments neither affected markers of mammary epithelial integrity in blood nor in milk of cows, including plasma concentration of lactose, milk concentrations of Na+ and K+, and SLC30A2 and CLU transcript abundance. Treatments had no effect on milk N fractions or heat coagulation time. This study provided no evidence that supplemental Zn above the established requirements can improve blood-milk epithelial barrier or heat stability of milk in healthy mid-lactation dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Shaffer
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Laman K Mamedova
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | | | - Karthik Pandalaneni
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Jayendra K Amamcharla
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Caio S Takiya
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Barry J Bradford
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA.
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Shimizu Y, Suzuki T. Brazilian propolis extract reduces intestinal barrier defects and inflammation in a colitic mouse model. Nutr Res 2019; 69:30-41. [PMID: 31470289 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian propolis is rich in cinnamic acid derivatives and reportedly reduces intestinal inflammation in rodents; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that the regulation of tight junction (TJ) barrier, Th17 cell differentiation, and/or, macrophage activation by cinnamic acid derivatives were involved in the propolis-mediated anti-inflammatory effect. Mice were orally administered 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in combination with either the feeding control or a diet containing 0.3% ethanol extract of Brazilian propolis for 9 days. DSS administration induced acute colitis in mice, whereas the propolis extract mitigated DSS-induced weight loss; colon shortening; increased plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; reduced expression of TJ proteins, such as zonula occludens, junctional adhesion molecule-A, occludin, and claudins; and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL) 6, and IL-17a. Cinnamic acid derivatives, such as artepillin C and caffeic acid phenethyl ester, present in the propolis extract suppressed the IL-17 production from cultured murine splenocytes through decreased retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gT expression. Baccharin, drupanin, and culifolin, which are also present in Brazilian propolis, reduced the TNF-α and/or IL-6 production by suppressing inflammatory signaling in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Taken together, the regulation of Th17 differentiation and macrophage activation by cinnamic acid derivatives, at least in part, contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect mediated by Brazilian propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan; Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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