1
|
England E, Morris JW, Bussy C, Hancox JC, Shiels HA. The key characteristics of cardiotoxicity for the pervasive pollutant phenanthrene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:133853. [PMID: 38503207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The key characteristic (KCs) framework has been used previously to assess the carcinogenicity and cardiotoxicity of various chemical and pharmacological agents. Here, the 12 KCs of cardiotoxicity are used to evaluate the previously reported cardiotoxicity of phenanthrene (Phe), a tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and major component of fossil fuel-derived air pollution. Phe is a semi-volatile pollutant existing in both the gas phase and particle phase through adsorption onto or into particulate matter (PM). Phe can translocate across the airways and gastrointestinal tract into the systemic circulation, enabling body-wide effects. Our evaluation based on a comprehensive literature review, indicates Phe exhibits 11 of the 12 KCs for cardiotoxicity. These include adverse effects on cardiac electromechanical performance, the vasculature and endothelium, immunomodulation and oxidative stress, and neuronal and endocrine control. Environmental agents that have similarly damaging effects on the cardiovascular system are heavily regulated and monitored, yet globally there is no air quality regulation specific for PAHs like Phe. Environmental monitoring of Phe is not the international standard with benzo[a]pyrene being frequently used as a proxy despite the two PAH species exhibiting significant differences in sources, concentration variations and toxic effects. The evidence summarised in this evaluation highlights the need to move away from proxied PAH measurements and develop a monitoring network capable of measuring Phe concentration. It also stresses the need to raise awareness amongst the medical community of the potential cardiovascular impact of PAH exposure. This will allow the production of mitigation strategies and possibly the development of new policies for the protection of the societal groups most vulnerable to cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E England
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - J W Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - C Bussy
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection, and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - J C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - H A Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Han D, Chen R, Kan H, Xu Y. The bio-distribution, clearance pathways, and toxicity mechanisms of ambient ultrafine particles. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH (ONLINE) 2023; 2:95-106. [PMID: 38074989 PMCID: PMC10702920 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Ambient particles severely threaten human health worldwide. Compared to larger particles, ultrafine particles (UFPs) are highly concentrated in ambient environments, have a larger specific surface area, and are retained for a longer time in the lung. Recent studies have found that they can be transported into various extra-pulmonary organs by crossing the air-blood barrier (ABB). Therefore, to understand the adverse effects of UFPs, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate their bio-distribution and clearance pathways in vivo after inhalation, as well as their toxicological mechanisms. This review highlights emerging evidence on the bio-distribution of UFPs in pulmonary and extra-pulmonary organs. It explores how UFPs penetrate the ABB, the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the placental barrier (PB) and subsequently undergo clearance by the liver, kidney, or intestine. In addition, the potential underlying toxicological mechanisms of UFPs are summarized, providing fundamental insights into how UFPs induce adverse health effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Han
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
BAÑERAS J, IGLESIES-GRAU J, TÉLLEZ-PLAZA M, ARRARTE V, BÁEZ-FERRER N, BENITO B, CAMPUZANO RUIZ R, CECCONI A, DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ A, RODRÍGUEZ-SINOVAS A, UJUETA F, VOZZI C, LAMAS GA, NAVAS-ACIÉN A. [Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment]. Rev Esp Cardiol 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 36570815 PMCID: PMC9785336 DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2022.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi BAÑERAS
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Josep IGLESIES-GRAU
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canadá
| | - María TÉLLEZ-PLAZA
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España
| | - Vicente ARRARTE
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, España
| | - Néstor BÁEZ-FERRER
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Begoña BENITO
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Raquel CAMPUZANO RUIZ
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto CECCONI
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, España
| | - Alberto DOMÍNGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España
| | - Antonio RODRÍGUEZ-SINOVAS
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Francisco UJUETA
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
| | - Carlos VOZZI
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A. LAMAS
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, Estados Unidos
| | - Ana NAVAS-ACIÉN
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, Estados Unidos
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bañeras J, Iglesies-Grau J, Téllez-Plaza M, Arrarte V, Báez-Ferrer N, Benito B, Campuzano Ruiz R, Cecconi A, Domínguez-Rodríguez A, Rodríguez-Sinovas A, Ujueta F, Vozzi C, Lamas GA, Navas-Acién A. Environment and cardiovascular health: causes, consequences and opportunities in prevention and treatment. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2022; 75:1050-1058. [PMID: 35931285 PMCID: PMC10266758 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The environment is a strong determinant of cardiovascular health. Environmental cardiology studies the contribution of environmental exposures with the aim of minimizing the harmful influences of pollution and promoting cardiovascular health through specific preventive or therapeutic strategies. The present review focuses on particulate matter and metals, which are the pollutants with the strongest level of scientific evidence, and includes possible interventions. Legislation, mitigation and control of pollutants in air, water and food, as well as environmental policies for heart-healthy spaces, are key measures for cardiovascular health. Individual strategies include the chelation of divalent metals such as lead and cadmium, metals that can only be removed from the body via chelation. The TACT (Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy, NCT00044213) clinical trial demonstrated cardiovascular benefit in patients with a previous myocardial infarction, especially in those with diabetes. Currently, the TACT2 trial (NCT02733185) is replicating the TACT results in people with diabetes. Data from the United States and Argentina have also shown the potential usefulness of chelation in severe peripheral arterial disease. More research and action in environmental cardiology could substantially help to improve the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Bañeras
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Josep Iglesies-Grau
- Centre ÉPIC and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - María Téllez-Plaza
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Arrarte
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
| | - Néstor Báez-Ferrer
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Begoña Benito
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Raquel Campuzano Ruiz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Fundación de Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Cecconi
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Domínguez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad Europea de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Antonio Rodríguez-Sinovas
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Francisco Ujueta
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Carlos Vozzi
- Departamento de Cardiología, Instituto Vozzi, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gervasio A Lamas
- Columbia University Division of Cardiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States; Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States
| | - Ana Navas-Acién
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Nueva York, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bae HR, Chandy M, Aguilera J, Smith EM, Nadeau KC, Wu JC, Paik DT. Adverse effects of air pollution-derived fine particulate matter on cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2022; 32:487-498. [PMID: 34619335 PMCID: PMC9063923 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is a rapidly growing major health concern around the world. Atmospheric particulate matter that has a diameter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) refers to an air pollutant composed of particles and chemical compounds that originate from various sources. While epidemiological studies have established the association between PM2.5 exposure and cardiovascular diseases, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PM2.5 promotes cardiovascular complications are yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we summarize the various sources of PM2.5, its components, and the concentrations of ambient PM2.5 in various settings. We discuss the experimental findings to date that evaluate the potential adverse effects of PM2.5 on cardiovascular homeostasis and function, and the possible therapeutic options that may alleviate PM2.5-driven cardiovascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryeong Bae
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark Chandy
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juan Aguilera
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric M Smith
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David T Paik
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Urban Ultrafine Road-Deposited Dust from the UK and Mexico in Human Epithelial Lung (Calu-3) Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091814. [PMID: 36139888 PMCID: PMC9495992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Road-deposited dust (RD) is a pervasive form of particulate pollution identified (typically via epidemiological or mathematical modelling) as hazardous to human health. Finer RD particle sizes, the most abundant (by number, not mass), may pose greater risk as they can access all major organs. Here, the first in vitro exposure of human lung epithelial (Calu-3) cells to 0−300 µg/mL of the ultrafine (<220 nm) fraction of road dust (UF-RDPs) from three contrasting cities (Lancaster and Birmingham, UK, and Mexico City, Mexico) resulted in differential oxidative, cytotoxic, and inflammatory responses. Except for Cd, Na, and Pb, analysed metals were most abundant in Mexico City UF-RDPs, which were most cytotoxic. Birmingham UF-RDPs provoked greatest ROS release (only at 300 µg/mL) and greatest increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Lancaster UF-RDPs increased cell viability. All three UF-RDP samples stimulated ROS production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Mass-based PM limits seem inappropriate given the location-specific PM compositions and health impacts evidenced here. A combination of new, biologically relevant metrics and localised regulations appears critical to mitigating the global pandemic of health impacts of particulate air pollution and road-deposited dust.
Collapse
|
7
|
Roh YJ, Noh HH, Koo NY, Shin SH, Lee MK, Park KY, Seo SJ. Development of In Vitro Co-Culture Model to Mimic the Cell to Cell Communication in Response to Urban PM 2.5. Ann Dermatol 2022; 34:110-117. [PMID: 35450307 PMCID: PMC8989910 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2022.34.2.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airborne particulate matter (PM), a widespread air contaminant, is a complex mixture of solids and aerosols composed of particles suspended in the air. PM is associated with inflammatory responses and may worsen inflammatory skin diseases. However, the mechanisms through which PM affects atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. Objective To establish an in vitro model that more accurately mimics AD using human keratinocyte (HaCaT), dermal fibroblast (HDF), and mast cell (HMC-1) and using this model to investigate the mechanism through which PMs affect AD. Methods An AD-like in vitro model was established by seeding HaCaT, HDF, and HMC-1 cells with recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1α and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid. We confirmed the effect of PM on the inflammatory cytokine expression of a triple-cell culture model. SRM 1649b Urban Dust, which is mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, was used as the reference PM. The effects of PM on the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines and skin barrier markers were assessed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Interactions between various skin cell types were evaluated using a co-culture system. PM treatment increased mRNA and protein levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-4, and IL-1β and decreased the expression of the skin barrier markers filaggrin and loricrin. Conclusion Our results suggest that an in vitro triple-cell culture model using HaCaT, HDF, and HMC-1 cells may be reliable for obtaining more physiological, functional, and reproducible data on AD and skin barriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ha Noh
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Yeon Koo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hye Shin
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kui Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Jun Seo
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Farhat SCL, Ejnisman C, Alves AGF, Goulart MFG, Lichtenfels AJDFC, Braga ALF, Pereira LAA, Maluf Elias A, Silva CA. Air pollution influence on serum inflammatory interleukins: A prospective study in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous patients. Lupus 2021; 30:2268-2275. [PMID: 34879788 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211061479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of individual exposure, in real-time, to traffic-related pollutants on serum interleukin levels of childhood-onset lupus erythematous systemic (c-SLE) patients. METHODS A longitudinal and observational design was conducted in 12 repeated measures of serum samples and clinical evaluations (totaling 108 measurements) of c-SLE patients over 30 consecutive months. Real-time, individual exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured with portable monitors. Generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and the following serum cytokine levels on the 7 days preceding clinical assessment and serum collection: MCP1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-alpha, and TNF-alpha. Disease activity and other risk factors were also controlled. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 daily concentration was significantly associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha on the third, fourth, and seventh day after exposure; IL-10 on the third and fourth day after exposure; IL-17 on the third and seventh day after exposure; and INF-alpha on the third day after exposure (p < 0.05). An IQR increase in 7-day moving average of PM2.5 was associated with a 6.2 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.5; 11.8; p = 0.04) increase in serum IFN-alpha level. An unexpected significant association was observed between an IQR increase in NO27-day cumulative concentration and a decrease of 1.6 pg/mL (95% CI: -2.6; -0.7; p < 0.001) in serum IL-17. CONCLUSION Real-time exposure to PM2.5 prospectively associated with increased serum TNF-alpha, INF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-17 levels in c-SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Costa Lima Farhat
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, 37884Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Department Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Ejnisman
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, 37884Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,428062Universidade de Santo Amaro, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa Guariento Ferreira Alves
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, 37884Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Giacomin Goulart
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, 37884Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alfésio Luis Ferreira Braga
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, 37884Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Environmental Exposure and Risk Assessment Group, Collective Health Post-graduation Program, 67888Universidade Catolica de Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Amador Pereira
- Environmental Epidemiology Study Group, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, 37884Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, LIM05, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maluf Elias
- Pediatric Department Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 28133Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clovis A Silva
- Pediatric Department Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, 28133Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, 37884Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The cardiovascular effects of air pollution: Prevention and reversal by pharmacological agents. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107996. [PMID: 34571110 PMCID: PMC8941724 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with staggering levels of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Airborne particulate matter (PM), in particular, has been associated with a wide range of detrimental cardiovascular effects, including impaired vascular function, raised blood pressure, alterations in cardiac rhythm, blood clotting disorders, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Considerable headway has been made in elucidating the biological processes underlying these associations, revealing a labyrinth of multiple interacting mechanistic pathways. Several studies have used pharmacological agents to prevent or reverse the cardiovascular effects of PM; an approach that not only has the advantages of elucidating mechanisms, but also potentially revealing therapeutic agents that could benefit individuals that are especially susceptible to the effects of air pollution. This review gathers investigations with pharmacological agents, offering insight into the biology of how PM, and other air pollutants, may cause cardiovascular morbidity.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lind L, Araujo JA, Barchowsky A, Belcher S, Berridge BR, Chiamvimonvat N, Chiu WA, Cogliano VJ, Elmore S, Farraj AK, Gomes AV, McHale CM, Meyer-Tamaki KB, Posnack NG, Vargas HM, Yang X, Zeise L, Zhou C, Smith MT. Key Characteristics of Cardiovascular Toxicants. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:95001. [PMID: 34558968 PMCID: PMC8462506 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of chemical agents having properties that confer potential hazard called key characteristics (KCs) was first developed to identify carcinogenic hazards. Identification of KCs of cardiovascular (CV) toxicants could facilitate the systematic assessment of CV hazards and understanding of assay and data gaps associated with current approaches. OBJECTIVES We sought to develop a consensus-based synthesis of scientific evidence on the KCs of chemical and nonchemical agents known to cause CV toxicity along with methods to measure them. METHODS An expert working group was convened to discuss mechanisms associated with CV toxicity. RESULTS The group identified 12 KCs of CV toxicants, defined as exogenous agents that adversely interfere with function of the CV system. The KCs were organized into those primarily affecting cardiac tissue (numbers 1-4 below), the vascular system (5-7), or both (8-12), as follows: 1) impairs regulation of cardiac excitability, 2) impairs cardiac contractility and relaxation, 3) induces cardiomyocyte injury and death, 4) induces proliferation of valve stroma, 5) impacts endothelial and vascular function, 6) alters hemostasis, 7) causes dyslipidemia, 8) impairs mitochondrial function, 9) modifies autonomic nervous system activity, 10) induces oxidative stress, 11) causes inflammation, and 12) alters hormone signaling. DISCUSSION These 12 KCs can be used to help identify pharmaceuticals and environmental pollutants as CV toxicants, as well as to better understand the mechanistic underpinnings of their toxicity. For example, evidence exists that fine particulate matter [PM ≤2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5)] air pollution, arsenic, anthracycline drugs, and other exogenous chemicals possess one or more of the described KCs. In conclusion, the KCs could be used to identify potential CV toxicants and to define a set of test methods to evaluate CV toxicity in a more comprehensive and standardized manner than current approaches. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9321.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Epidemiology, University of Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesus A. Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Scott Belcher
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian R. Berridge
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nipavan Chiamvimonvat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Weihsueh A. Chiu
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Vincent J. Cogliano
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Sarah Elmore
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Aimen K. Farraj
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Aldrin V. Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cliona M. McHale
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Children’s National Heart Institute and the Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hugo M. Vargas
- Translational Safety & Bioanalytical Sciences, Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Xi Yang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Office of Cardiology, Hematology, Endocrinology, and Nephrology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Lauren Zeise
- Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Oakland, California, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Martyn T. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sahu B, Mackos AR, Floden AM, Wold LE, Combs CK. Particulate Matter Exposure Exacerbates Amyloid-β Plaque Deposition and Gliosis in APP/PS1 Mice. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:761-774. [PMID: 33554902 PMCID: PMC8100996 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuroinflammation, and neuronal death. There are several well-established genetic and environmental factors hypothesized to contribute to AD progression including air pollution. However, the molecular mechanisms by which air pollution exacerbates AD are unclear. OBJECTIVE This study explored the effects of particulate matter exposure on AD-related brain changes using the APP/PS1 transgenic model of disease. METHODS Male C57BL/6;C3H wild type and APP/PS1 mice were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or particulate matter sized under 2.5μm (PM2.5) for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 3 months and brains were collected. Immunohistochemistry for Aβ, GFAP, Iba1, and CD68 and western blot analysis for PS1, BACE, APP, GFAP, and Iba1 were performed. Aβ ELISAs and cytokine arrays were performed on frozen hippocampal and cortical lysates, respectively. RESULTS The Aβ plaque load was significantly increased in the hippocampus of PM2.5-exposed APP/PS1 mice compared to their respective FA controls. Additionally, in the PM2.5-exposed APP/PS1 group, increased astrocytosis and microgliosis were observed as indicated by elevated GFAP, Iba1, and CD68 immunoreactivities. PM2.5 exposure also led to an elevation in the levels of PS1 and BACE in APP/PS1 mice. The cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, and MIP-3α were also elevated in the cortices of PM2.5-exposed APP/PS1 mice compared to FA controls. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that chronic particulate matter exposure exacerbates AD by increasing Aβ plaque load, gliosis, and the brain inflammatory status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bijayani Sahu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037
| | - Amy R. Mackos
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Angela M. Floden
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037
| | - Loren E. Wold
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Colin K. Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Miller MR, Newby DE. Air pollution and cardiovascular disease: car sick. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:279-294. [PMID: 31583404 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular effects of inhaled particle matter (PM) are responsible for a substantial morbidity and mortality attributed to air pollution. Ultrafine particles, like those in diesel exhaust emissions, are a major source of nanoparticles in urban environments, and it is these particles that have the capacity to induce the most significant health effects. Research has shown that diesel exhaust exposure can have many detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system both acutely and chronically. This review provides an overview of the cardiovascular effects on PM in air pollution, with an emphasis on ultrafine particles in vehicle exhaust. We consider the biological mechanisms underlying these cardiovascular effects of PM and postulate that cardiovascular dysfunction may be implicated in the effects of PM in other organ systems. The employment of multiple strategies to tackle air pollution, and especially ultrafine particles from vehicles, is likely to be accompanied by improvements in cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH4 3RL, UK
| | - David E Newby
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH4 3RL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marchini T, Zirlik A, Wolf D. Pathogenic Role of Air Pollution Particulate Matter in Cardiometabolic Disease: Evidence from Mice and Humans. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:263-279. [PMID: 32403947 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Air pollution is a considerable global threat to human health that dramatically increases the risk for cardiovascular pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. An estimated 4.2 million cases of premature deaths worldwide are attributable to outdoor air pollution. Among multiple other components, airborne particulate matter (PM) has been identified as the major bioactive constituent in polluted air. While PM-related illness was historically thought to be confined to diseases of the respiratory system, overwhelming clinical and experimental data have now established that acute and chronic exposure to PM causes a systemic inflammatory and oxidative stress response that promotes cardiovascular disease. Recent Advances: A large body of evidence has identified an impairment of redox metabolism and the generation of oxidatively modified lipids and proteins in the lung as initial tissue response to PM. In addition, the pathogenicity of PM is mediated by an inflammatory response that involves PM uptake by tissue-resident immune cells, the activation of proinflammatory pathways in various cell types and organs, and the release of proinflammatory cytokines as locally produced tissue response signals that have the ability to affect organ function in a remote manner. Critical Issues: In the present review, we summarize and discuss the functional participation of PM in cardiovascular pathologies and its risk factors with an emphasis on how oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunity interact and synergize as a response to PM. Future Directions: The impact of PM constituents, doses, and novel anti-inflammatory therapies against PM-related illness is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Graz, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the myocardium of the adult albino rats and the protective role of β-carotene (histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study). J Mol Histol 2020; 51:485-501. [PMID: 32671652 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are the most produced nanomaterials. TiO2 NPs are used as a drug carrier and molecular imaging vehicle in the cardiovascular system. We aimed to study TiO2 NPs effects on the ventricular myocardium and evaluate the ameliorative effects of β-carotene (βC). Forty adult albino rats were divided into four groups: negative control group (Ι) received a distilled water. Treated group (II): received 20 mg/kg/day TiO2NPs intraperitoneally. Protected group (III): received 10 mg/kg/day βC orally together with TiO2 NPs in a dose of 20 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally. Positive control group (IV) was given βC orally in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, bromphenol blue (BPB), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS). Anti-desmin & anti-CD45 immunohistochemical staining and electron microscopic examination were performed. Group (II) revealed fragmented myofibrils and inflammatory infiltrations. In group (III), normal cardiomyocytes with less inflammatory infiltrations. The optical density of PAS and BPB staining and anti-desmin showed a very highly significant decrease in the group (II) versus the control groups (P < 0.001). A highly significant increase in the optical density of group (III) versus group (II) (P < 0.01). Also, the area percentage mean values of collagen fibers and anti-CD45 in the group (II) showed a very highly significant increase versus the control groups (P < 0.001). Group (III) revealed a very highly significant decrease in the area percentage versus group (II) (P < 0.001). In conclusion: TiO2 NPs adversely affected the histological structure of the adult rat ventricular myocardium in acute exposure (14 days) and the damage was less with βC.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ju S, Lim L, Jiao HY, Choi S, Jun JY, Ki YJ, Choi DH, Lee JY, Song H. Oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from ambient particulate matter induce electrophysiological instability in cardiomyocytes. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:25. [PMID: 32527278 PMCID: PMC7288552 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic studies have suggested that elevated concentrations of particulate matter (PM) are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, including arrhythmia. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which PM exposure causes arrhythmia and the component that is mainly responsible for this adverse effect remains to be established. In this study, the arrhythmogenicity of mobilized organic matter from two different types of PM collected during summer (SPM) and winter (WPM) seasons in the Seoul metropolitan area was evaluated. In addition, differential effects between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and oxygenated PAHs (oxy-PAHs) on the induction of electrophysiological instability were examined. Results We extracted the bioavailable organic contents of ambient PM, measuring 10 μm or less in diameter, collected from the Seoul metropolitan area using a high-volume air sampler. Significant alterations in all factors tested for association with electrophysiological instability, such as intracellular Ca2+ levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and mRNA levels of the Ca2+-regulating proteins, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase (SERCA2a), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II), and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) were observed in cardiomyocytes treated with PM. Moreover, the alterations were higher in WPM-treated cardiomyocytes than in SPM-treated cardiomyocytes. Three-fold more oxy-PAH concentrations were observed in WPM than SPM. As expected, electrophysiological instability was induced higher in oxy-PAHs (9,10-anthraquinone, AQ or 7,12-benz(a) anthraquinone, BAQ)-treated cardiomyocytes than in PAHs (anthracene, ANT or benz(a) anthracene, BaA)-treated cardiomyocytes; oxy-PAHs infusion of cells mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was faster than PAHs infusion. In addition, ROS formation and expression of calcium-related genes were markedly more altered in cells treated with oxy-PAHs compared to those treated with PAHs. Conclusions The concentrations of oxy-PAHs in PM were found to be higher in winter than in summer, which might lead to greater electrophysiological instability through the ROS generation and disruption of calcium regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Ju
- Department of Biomaterials, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Leejin Lim
- Department of Biomaterials, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.,Cancer mutation Research Center, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Han-Yi Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Young-Jae Ki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea
| | - Ji Yi Lee
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineerings, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, South Korea.
| | - Heesang Song
- Department of Biomaterials, Chosun University Graduate School, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, 61452, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Miller MR. Oxidative stress and the cardiovascular effects of air pollution. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 151:69-87. [PMID: 31923583 PMCID: PMC7322534 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular causes have been estimated to be responsible for more than two thirds of the considerable mortality attributed to air pollution. There is now a substantial body of research demonstrating that exposure to air pollution has many detrimental effects throughout the cardiovascular system. Multiple biological mechanisms are responsible, however, oxidative stress is a prominent observation at many levels of the cardiovascular impairment induced by pollutant exposure. This review provides an overview of the evidence that oxidative stress is a key pathway for the different cardiovascular actions of air pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Miller
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH4 3RL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Magnani ND, Marchini T, Calabró V, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Role of Mitochondria in the Redox Signaling Network and Its Outcomes in High Impact Inflammatory Syndromes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:568305. [PMID: 33071976 PMCID: PMC7538663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.568305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with the release of soluble mediators that drive cellular activation and migration of inflammatory leukocytes to the site of injury, together with endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, and increased vascular permeability. It is a stepwise tightly regulated process that has been evolved to cope with a wide range of different inflammatory stimuli. However, under certain physiopathological conditions, the inflammatory response overwhelms local regulatory mechanisms and leads to systemic inflammation that, in turn, might affect metabolism in distant tissues and organs. In this sense, as mitochondria are able to perceive signals of inflammation is one of the first organelles to be affected by a dysregulation in the systemic inflammatory response, it has been associated with the progression of the physiopathological mechanisms. Mitochondria are also an important source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) within most mammalian cells and are therefore highly involved in oxidative stress. ROS production might contribute to mitochondrial damage in a range of pathologies and is also important in a complex redox signaling network from the organelle to the rest of the cell. Therefore, a role for ROS generated by mitochondria in regulating inflammatory signaling was postulated and mitochondria have been implicated in multiple aspects of the inflammatory response. An inflammatory condition that affects mitochondrial function in different organs is the exposure to air particulate matter (PM). Both after acute and chronic pollutants exposure, PM uptake by alveolar macrophages have been described to induce local cell activation and recruitment, cytokine release, and pulmonary inflammation. Afterwards, inflammatory mediators have been shown to be able to reach the bloodstream and induce a systemic response that affects metabolism in distant organs different from the lung. In this proinflammatory environment, impaired mitochondrial function that leads to bioenergetic dysfunction and enhanced production of oxidants have been shown to affect tissue homeostasis and organ function. In the present review, we aim to discuss the latest insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms that link systemic inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in different organs, taking the exposure to air pollutants as a case model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia D. Magnani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Calabró
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Química General e Inorgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Pablo Evelson
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tanwar V, Adelstein JM, Grimmer JA, Youtz DJ, Katapadi A, Sugar BP, Falvo MJ, Baer LA, Stanford KI, Wold LE. Preconception Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter Leads to Cardiac Dysfunction in Adult Male Offspring. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010797. [PMID: 30561255 PMCID: PMC6405597 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Particulate matter (particles < 2.5 μm [ PM 2.5]) exposure during the in utero and postnatal developmental periods causes cardiac dysfunction during adulthood. Here, we investigated the potential priming effects of preconception exposure of PM 2.5 on cardiac function in adult offspring. Methods and Results Male and female friend leukemia virus b (FVB) mice were exposed to either filtered air ( FA ) or PM 2.5 at an average concentration of 38.58 μg/m3 for 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 3 months. Mice were then crossbred into 2 groups: (1) FA male× FA female (both parents were exposed to FA preconception) and, (2) PM 2.5male× PM 2.5female (both parents were exposed to PM 2.5 preconception). Male offspring were divided: (1) preconception FA (offspring born to FA exposed parents) and, (2) preconception PM 2.5 (offspring born to PM 2.5 exposed parents) and analyzed at 3 months of age. Echocardiography identified increased left ventricular end systolic volume and reduced posterior wall thickness, reduced %fractional shortening and %ejection fraction in preconception PM 2.5 offspring. Cardiomyocytes isolated from preconception PM 2.5 offspring showed reduced %peak shortening, -dL/dT, TPS 90 and slower calcium reuptake (tau). Gene and protein expression revealed modifications in markers of inflammation ( IL -6, IL -15, TNF α, NF қB, CRP , CD 26E, CD 26P, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) profibrosis (collagen type III alpha 1 chain), oxidative stress ( NOS 2), antioxidants (Nrf2, SOD , catalase), Ca2+ regulatory proteins ( SERCA 2a, p- PLN , NCX ), and epigenetic regulators (Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Sirt1, and Sirt2) in preconception PM 2.5 offspring. Conclusions Preconception exposure to PM 2.5 results in global cardiac dysfunction in adult offspring, suggesting that abnormalities during development are not limited to the prenatal or postnatal periods but can also be determined before conception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- 1 Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,2 College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Jeremy M Adelstein
- 1 Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,2 College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Jacob A Grimmer
- 1 Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,2 College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Dane J Youtz
- 1 Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,2 College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus OH
| | - Aashish Katapadi
- 3 Medical Student Research Program The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
| | - Benjamin P Sugar
- 3 Medical Student Research Program The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
| | - Michael J Falvo
- 5 Department of Veterans Affairs War Related Illness and Injury Study Center New Jersey Health Care System East Orange NJ
| | - Lisa A Baer
- 4 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- 1 Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,4 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
| | - Loren E Wold
- 1 Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute College of Medicine The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,2 College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus OH.,4 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Grimmer JA, Tanwar V, Youtz DJ, Adelstein JM, Baine SH, Carnes CA, Baer LA, Stanford KI, Wold LE. Exercise does not ameliorate cardiac dysfunction in obese mice exposed to fine particulate matter. Life Sci 2019; 239:116885. [PMID: 31655193 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is exacerbated in patients with pre-existing conditions such as obesity. In the present study, we examined cardiac function of obese mice exposed to PM2.5 and determined if mild exercise affected cardiac function. METHODS Obese mice (ob/ob) (leptin deficient, C57BL/6J background) were exposed to either filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 at an average concentration of 32 μg/m3 for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 months. Following exposure, mice were divided into four groups: (1) FA sedentary, (2) FA treadmill exercise, (3) PM2.5 sedentary, and (4) PM2.5 treadmill exercise and all mice were analyzed after 8 weeks of exercise training. RESULTS Echocardiography showed increased left ventricular end systolic (LVESd) and diastolic (LVEDd) diameters in PM2.5 sedentary mice compared to FA sedentary mice. There was increased expression of ICAM1, VCAM and CRP markers in sedentary PM2.5 mice compared to FA mice. Both FA and PM2.5 exercised mice showed decreased posterior wall thickness in systole compared to FA sedentary mice, coupled with altered expression of inflammatory markers following exercise. CONCLUSION Obese mice exposed to PM2.5 for 9 months showed cardiac dysfunction, which was not improved following mild exercise training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Grimmer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vineeta Tanwar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dane J Youtz
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy M Adelstein
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stephen H Baine
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia A Carnes
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Baer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristin I Stanford
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tong H, Zavala J, McIntosh-Kastrinsky R, Sexton KG. Cardiovascular effects of diesel exhaust inhalation: photochemically altered versus freshly emitted in mice. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:944-955. [PMID: 31566091 PMCID: PMC7308149 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1671278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to compare the cardiovascular effects of inhaled photochemically altered diesel exhaust (aged DE) to freshly emitted DE (fresh DE) in female C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were exposed to either fresh DE, aged DE, or filtered air (FA) for 4 hr using an environmental irradiation chamber. Cardiac responses were assessed 8 hr after exposure utilizing Langendorff preparation with a protocol consisting of 20 min of perfusion and 20 min of ischemia followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Cardiac function was measured by indices of left-ventricular-developed pressure (LVDP) and contractility (dP/dt) prior to ischemia. Recovery of post-ischemic LVDP was examined on reperfusion following ischemia. Fresh DE contained 460 µg/m3 of particulate matter (PM), 0.29 ppm of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and no ozone (O3), while aged DE consisted of 330 µg/m3 of PM, 0.23 ppm O3 and no NO2. Fresh DE significantly decreased LVDP, dP/dtmax, and dP/dtmin compared to FA. Aged DE also significantly reduced LVDP and dP/dtmax. Data demonstrated that acute inhalation to either fresh or aged DE lowered LVDP and dP/dt, with a greater fall noted with fresh DE, suggesting that the composition of DE may play a key role in DE-induced adverse cardiovascular effects in female C57Bl/6 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Tong
- Environmental Public Health Division, NHEERL, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Jose Zavala
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachel McIntosh-Kastrinsky
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kenneth G. Sexton
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling’s School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hassan L, Pecht T, Goldstein N, Haim Y, Kloog I, Yarza S, Sarov B, Novack V. The effects of ambient particulate matter on human adipose tissue. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:564-576. [PMID: 31242808 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1634381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effects of particulate matter (PM) air pollution on adipose tissue have mainly been studied in animal models. The aim of this study was to examine the potential associations between PM exposure and 25 cellular markers in human omental (OM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose tissue. The PM exposure assessments for both PM2.5 (PM <2.5 μm in diameter) and PM10 (<10 μm) were based upon a novel hybrid satellite-based spatio-temporally resolved model. We calculated the PM exposure above the background threshold for 1 week (acute phase), 3 and 6 months (intermediate phase), and 1 year (chronic phase) prior to tissue harvesting and tested the associations with adipose cell metabolic effects using multiple linear regressions and heat maps strategy. Chemokine levels were found to increase after acute and intermediate exposure duration to PM10. The levels of stress signaling biomarkers in the SC and OM tissues rose after acute exposure to PM10 and PM2.5. Macrophage and leucocyte counts were associated with severity of PM exposure in all three duration groups. Adipocyte diameter decreased in all exposure periods. Our results provide evidence for significant contribution of air pollutants exposure to adipose tissue inflammation as well as for pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic dysregulation that may be involved in the observed responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lior Hassan
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Nir Goldstein
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Itai Kloog
- c Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Shaked Yarza
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Batia Sarov
- d Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Victor Novack
- a Environmental Health Research Institute, Soroka University Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Beer-Sheva , Israel
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Direct and Indirect Effect of Air Particles Exposure Induce Nrf2-Dependent Cardiomyocyte Cellular Response In Vitro. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2019; 19:575-587. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-019-09530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Particulate matter 2.5 induced arrhythmogenesis mediated by TRPC3 in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1009-1020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02403-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
24
|
Thompson LC, Kim YH, Martin BL, Ledbetter AD, Dye JA, Hazari MS, Gilmour MI, Farraj AK. Pulmonary exposure to peat smoke extracts in rats decreases expiratory time and increases left heart end systolic volume. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 30:439-447. [PMID: 30642191 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1551443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to wildland fire-related particulate matter (PM) causes adverse health outcomes. However, the impacts of specific biomass sources remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate cardiopulmonary responses in rats following exposure to PM extracts collected from peat fire smoke. We hypothesized that peat smoke PM would dose-dependently alter cardiopulmonary function. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8/group) were exposed to 35 µg (Lo PM) or 350 µg (Hi PM) of peat smoke PM extracts suspended in saline, or saline alone (Vehicle) via oropharyngeal aspiration (OA). Ventilatory expiration times, measured in whole-body plethysmographs immediately after OA, were the lowest in Hi PM exposed subjects at 6 min into recovery (p = .01 vs. Lo PM, p = .08 vs. Vehicle) and resolved shortly afterwards. The next day, we evaluated cardiovascular function in the same subjects via cardiac ultrasound under isoflurane anesthesia. Compared to Vehicle, Hi PM had 45% higher end systolic volume (p = .03) and 17% higher pulmonary artery blood flow acceleration/ejection time ratios, and both endpoints expressed significant increasing linear trends by dose (p = .01 and .02, respectively). In addition, linear trend analyses across doses detected an increase for end diastolic volume and decreases for ejection fraction and fractional shortening. These data suggest that exposure to peat smoke constituents modulates regulation of ventricular ejection and filling volumes, which could be related to altered blood flow in the pulmonary circulation. Moreover, early pulmonary responses to peat smoke PM point to irritant/autonomic mechanisms as potential drivers of later cardiovascular responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie C Thompson
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Yong Ho Kim
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA.,b National Research Council , Washington , DC , USA
| | - Brandi L Martin
- c Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education , Oak Ridge , TN , USA
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Janice A Dye
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Mehdi S Hazari
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA
| | - M Ian Gilmour
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Aimen K Farraj
- a US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Public Health Division , Durham , NC , USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kulas JA, Hettwer JV, Sohrabi M, Melvin JE, Manocha GD, Puig KL, Gorr MW, Tanwar V, McDonald MP, Wold LE, Combs CK. In utero exposure to fine particulate matter results in an altered neuroimmune phenotype in adult mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:279-288. [PMID: 29843010 PMCID: PMC6082156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure to air pollution has been linked to a number of health problems including organ rejection, lung damage and inflammation. While the deleterious effects of air pollution in adult animals are well documented, the long-term consequences of particulate matter (PM) exposure during animal development are uncertain. In this study we tested the hypothesis that environmental exposure to PM 2.5 μm in diameter in utero promotes long term inflammation and neurodegeneration. We evaluated the behavior of PM exposed animals using several tests and observed deficits in spatial memory without robust changes in anxiety-like behavior. We then examined how this affects the brains of adult animals by examining proteins implicated in neurodegeneration, synapse formation and inflammation by western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. These tests revealed significantly increased levels of COX2 protein in PM2.5 exposed animal brains in addition to changes in synaptophysin and Arg1 proteins. Exposure to PM2.5 also increased the immunoreactivity for GFAP, a marker of activated astrocytes. Cytokine concentrations in the brain and spleen were also altered by PM2.5 exposure. These findings indicate that in utero exposure to particulate matter has long term consequences which may affect the development of both the brain and the immune system in addition to promoting inflammatory change in adult animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Kulas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Jordan V Hettwer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Mona Sohrabi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Justine E Melvin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Gunjan D Manocha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Kendra L Puig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Matthew W Gorr
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vineeta Tanwar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael P McDonald
- Department of Neurology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 855 Monroe Avenue, Suite 415, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute and Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Colin K Combs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, UND School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Holland NA, Fraiser CR, Sloan RC, Devlin RB, Brown DA, Wingard CJ. Ultrafine Particulate Matter Increases Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:441-450. [PMID: 28194639 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-017-9402-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine particulate matter (UFP) has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the mechanisms that drive PM-associated cardiovascular disease and dysfunction remain unclear. We examined the impact of oropharyngeal aspiration of 100 μg UFP from the Chapel Hill, NC, air shed in Sprague-Dawley rats on cardiac function, arrhythmogenesis, and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury using a Langendorff working heart model. We found that exposure to UFP was capable of significantly exacerbating cardiac I/R injury without changing overall cardiac function or major changes in arrhythmogenesis. Cardiac I/R injury was attenuable with administration of cyclosporin A (CsA), suggesting a role for the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) in UFP-associated cardiovascular toxicity. Isolated cardiac mitochondria displayed decreased Ca2+ buffering before opening of the mPTP. These findings suggest that UFP-induced expansion of cardiac I/R injury may be a result of mPTP Ca2+ sensitization resulting in increased mitochondrial permeability transition and potential initiation of mPTP-associated cell death pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Chad R Fraiser
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ruben C Sloan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Devlin
- National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Christopher J Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Lansing School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Physical Therapy Department, Bellarmine University, 2001 Newburg Rd, Louisville, KY, 40205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Reis H, Reis C, Sharip A, Reis W, Zhao Y, Sinclair R, Beeson L. Diesel exhaust exposure, its multi-system effects, and the effect of new technology diesel exhaust. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 114:252-265. [PMID: 29524921 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) from vehicles and industry is hazardous and affects proper function of organ systems. DE can interfere with normal physiology after acute and chronic exposure to particulate matter (PM). Exposure leads to potential systemic disease processes in the central nervous, visual, hematopoietic, respiratory, cardiovascular, and renal systems. In this review, we give an overview of the epidemiological evidence supporting the harmful effects of diesel exhaust, and the numerous animal studies conducted to investigate the specific pathophysiological mechanisms behind DE exposure. Additionally, this review includes a summary of studies that used biomarkers as an indication of biological plausibility, and also studies evaluating new technology diesel exhaust (NTDE) and its systemic effects. Lastly, this review includes new approaches to improving DE emissions, and emphasizes the importance of ongoing study in this field of environmental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley Reis
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Cesar Reis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 24785 Stewart Street, Suite 204, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11175 Campus Street, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Akbar Sharip
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 328 East Commercial Road, Suite 101, San Bernardino, CA 92408, USA
| | - Wenes Reis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, 24785 Stewart Street, Suite 204, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Research Center for Medicine and Social Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; The Innovation Center for Social Risk Governance in Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ryan Sinclair
- Center for Community Resilience, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lawrence Beeson
- Center for Nutrition, Healthy Lifestyle, and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bengalli R, Longhin E, Marchetti S, Proverbio MC, Battaglia C, Camatini M. The role of IL-6 released from pulmonary epithelial cells in diesel UFP-induced endothelial activation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 231:1314-1321. [PMID: 28916279 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEP) and their ultrafine fraction (UFP) are known to induce cardiovascular effects in exposed subjects. The mechanisms leading to these outcomes are still under investigation, but the activation of respiratory endothelium is likely to be involved. Particles translocation through the air-blood barrier and the release of mediators from the exposed epithelium have been suggested to participate in the process. Here we used a conditioned media in vitro model to investigate the role of epithelial-released mediators in the endothelial cells activation. Diesel UFP were sampled from a Euro 4 vehicle run over a chassis dyno and lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed for 20 h (dose 5 μg/cm2). The exposure media were collected and used for endothelial HPMEC-ST1.6R cells treatment for 24 h. The processes related to oxidative stress and inflammation were investigated in the epithelial cells, accordingly to the present knowledge on DEP toxicity. The release of IL-6 and VEGF was significantly augmented in diesel exposed cells. In endothelial cells, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 adhesion molecules levels were increased after exposure to the conditioned media. By interfering with IL-6 binding to its endothelial receptor, we demonstrate the role of this interleukin in inducing the endothelial response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Bengalli
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Longhin
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Marchetti
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria C Proverbio
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Cristina Battaglia
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20090, Segrate, Italy
| | - Marina Camatini
- Polaris Research Centre, Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tanwar V, Adelstein JM, Grimmer JA, Youtz DJ, Sugar BP, Wold LE. PM 2.5 exposure in utero contributes to neonatal cardiac dysfunction in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:116-124. [PMID: 28649039 PMCID: PMC5595647 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) to pregnant dams has been shown to be strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes in offspring at adulthood, however, effects evident during neonatal periods are unclear. We designed this study to examine cardiac function of neonatal mice (14 days old) exposed to in utero PM2.5. METHODS Pregnant FVB female mice were exposed either to filtered air (FA) or PM2.5 at an average concentration of 91.78 μg/m3 for 6 h/day, 5 days/wk (similar to exposure in a large industrial area) throughout the gestation period (21 days). After birth, animals were analyzed at day 14 of life. RESULTS Fourteen day old mice exposed to PM2.5 during the in utero period demonstrated decreased fractional shortening (%FS, 41.1 ± 1.2% FA, 33.7 ± 1.2% PM2.5, p < 0.01) and LVEDd (2.87 ± 0.08 mm FA, 2.58 ± 0.07 mm PM2.5, p < 0.05) compared to FA exposed mice. Contractile kinetics and calcium transients in isolated cardiomyocytes from PM2.5 exposed mice illustrated reduced peak shortening (%PS, 16.7 ± 0.5% FA, 14.7 ± 0.4% PM2.5, p < 0.01), negative contractile velocity (-dL/dT, -6.91 ± 0.3 μm/s FA, -5.46 ± 0.2 μm/s PM2.5, p < 0.001), increased time to relaxation 90% (TR90, 0.07 ± 0.003 s FA, 0.08 ± 0.004 s PM2.5, p < 0.05), decreased calcium transient amplitude (Δ340/380, 33.8 ± 3.4 FA, 29.5 ± 2.8 p.m.2.5) and slower fluorescence decay rate (τ, 0.72 ± 0.1 s FA, 1.16 ± 0.15 s PM2.5, p < 0.05). Immunoblotting studies demonstrated alterations in expression of Ca2+ handling proteins- SERCA-2A, p-PLN, NCX and CaV1.2 in hearts of 14 day old in utero PM2.5 exposed mice compared to FA exposed hearts. CONCLUSION PM2.5 exposure during the critical in utero period adversely affects the developing mouse fetus leading to functional cardiac changes that were evident during the very early (14 days) stages of adolescence. These data demonstrated that exposure to PM2.5 during the gestation period significantly impacts cardiovascular outcomes early in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vineeta Tanwar
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeremy M Adelstein
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jacob A Grimmer
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Dane J Youtz
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Benjamin P Sugar
- Medical Student Research Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Loren E Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gorr MW, Falvo MJ, Wold LE. Air Pollution and Other Environmental Modulators of Cardiac Function. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:1479-1495. [PMID: 28915333 PMCID: PMC7249238 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in developed regions and a worldwide health concern. Multiple external causes of CVD are well known, including obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, age, and sedentary behavior. Air pollution has been linked with the development of CVD for decades, though the mechanistic characterization remains unknown. In this comprehensive review, we detail the background and epidemiology of the effects of air pollution and other environmental modulators on the heart, including both short- and long-term consequences. Then, we provide the experimental data and current hypotheses of how pollution is able to cause the CVD, and how exposure to pollutants is exacerbated in sensitive states. Published 2017. Compr Physiol 7:1479-1495, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gorr
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael J. Falvo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Loren E. Wold
- Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Modeling the Effect of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor on Transplant Immunity. Transplant Direct 2017; 3:e157. [PMID: 28573192 PMCID: PMC5441988 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to pollutants through inhalation is a risk factor for lung diseases including cancer, asthma, and lung transplant rejection, but knowledge of the effects of inhaled pollutants on pathologies outside of the lung is limited. Methods Using the minor-mismatched model of male C57BL/6J (B6) to female B6 skin grafts, recipient mice were treated with an inhaled urban dust particle sample every 3 days before and after grafting. Graft survival time was determined, and analysis of the resulting immune response was performed at time before rejection. Results Significant prolongation of male skin grafts occurred in recipient female mice treated with urban dust particles compared with controls and was found to be dependent on aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) expression in the recipient mouse. T cell responses to the male histocompatibility antigen (H-Y) Dby were not altered by exposure to pollutants. A reduction in the frequency of IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells infiltrating the graft on day 7 posttransplant was observed. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that AHR expression is upregulated in IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells during immune responses in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions Surprisingly, inhalation of a pollutant standard was found to prolong graft survival in a minor-mismatched skin graft model in an AHR-dependent manner. One possible mechanism may be an effect on IFNγ-producing CD4 T cells responding to donor antigen. The increased expression of AHR in this CD4 T cell subset suggests that AHR ligands within the particulate matter may be directly affecting the type 1 T helper cell response in this model.
Collapse
|
32
|
Holland NA, Thompson LC, Vidanapathirana AK, Urankar RN, Lust RM, Fennell TR, Wingard CJ. Impact of pulmonary exposure to gold core silver nanoparticles of different size and capping agents on cardiovascular injury. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:48. [PMID: 27558113 PMCID: PMC4997661 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uses of engineered nanomaterials have expanded in biomedical technology and consumer manufacturing. Furthermore, pulmonary exposure to various engineered nanomaterials has, likewise, demonstrated the ability to exacerbate cardiac ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the influence of particle size or capping agent remains unclear. In an effort to address these influences we explored response to 2 different size gold core nanosilver particles (AgNP) with two different capping agents at 2 different time points. We hypothesized that a pulmonary exposure to AgNP induces cardiovascular toxicity influenced by inflammation and vascular dysfunction resulting in expansion of cardiac I/R Injury that is sensitive to particle size and the capping agent. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 200 μg of 20 or 110 nm polyvinylprryolidone (PVP) or citrate capped AgNP. One and 7 days following intratracheal instillation serum was analyzed for concentrations of selected cytokines; cardiac I/R injury and isolated coronary artery and aorta segment were assessed for constrictor responses and endothelial dependent relaxation and endothelial independent nitric oxide dependent relaxation. RESULTS AgNP instillation resulted in modest increase in selected serum cytokines with elevations in IL-2, IL-18, and IL-6. Instillation resulted in a derangement of vascular responses to constrictors serotonin or phenylephrine, as well as endothelial dependent relaxations with acetylcholine or endothelial independent relaxations by sodium nitroprusside in a capping and size dependent manner. Exposure to both 20 and 110 nm AgNP resulted in exacerbation cardiac I/R injury 1 day following IT instillation independent of capping agent with 20 nm AgNP inducing marginally greater injury. Seven days following IT instillation the expansion of I/R injury persisted but the greatest injury was associated with exposure to 110 nm PVP capped AgNP resulted in nearly a two-fold larger infarct size compared to naïve. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AgNP may result in vascular dysfunction, a potentially maladaptive sensitization of the immune system to respond to a secondary insult (e.g., cardiac I/R) which may drive expansion of I/R injury at 1 and 7 days following IT instillation where the extent of injury could be correlated with capping agents and AgNP size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Leslie C. Thompson
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Achini K. Vidanapathirana
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Rahkee N. Urankar
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Robert M. Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| | - Timothy R. Fennell
- RTI International, Discovery Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 USA
| | - Christopher J. Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Marchini T, D'Annunzio V, Paz ML, Cáceres L, Garcés M, Perez V, Tasat D, Vanasco V, Magnani N, Gonzalez Maglio D, Gelpi RJ, Alvarez S, Evelson P. Selective TNF-α targeting with infliximab attenuates impaired oxygen metabolism and contractile function induced by an acute exposure to air particulate matter. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H1621-8. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00359.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a central role in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with the exposure to air pollution particulate matter (PM). The aim of this work was to analyze the cardioprotective effect of selective TNF-α targeting with a blocking anti-TNF-α antibody (infliximab) in an in vivo mice model of acute exposure to residual oil fly ash (ROFA). Female Swiss mice received an intraperitoneal injection of infliximab (10 mg/kg body wt) or saline solution, and were intranasally instilled with a ROFA suspension (1 mg/kg body wt). Control animals were instilled with saline solution and handled in parallel. After 3 h, heart O2 consumption was assessed by high-resolution respirometry in left ventricle tissue cubes and isolated mitochondria, and ventricular contractile reserve and lusitropic reserve were evaluated according to the Langendorff technique. ROFA instillation induced a significant decrease in tissue O2 consumption and active mitochondrial respiration by 32 and 31%, respectively, compared with the control group. While ventricular contractile state and isovolumic relaxation were not altered in ROFA-exposed mice, impaired contractile reserve and lusitropic reserve were observed in this group. Infliximab pretreatment significantly attenuated the decrease in heart O2 consumption and prevented the decrease in ventricular contractile and lusitropic reserve in ROFA-exposed mice. Moreover, infliximab-pretreated ROFA-exposed mice showed conserved left ventricular developed pressure and cardiac O2 consumption in response to a β-adrenergic stimulus with isoproterenol. These results provides direct evidence linking systemic inflammation and altered cardiac function following an acute exposure to PM and contribute to the understanding of PM-associated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Verónica D'Annunzio
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela L. Paz
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Lourdes Cáceres
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Garcés
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Perez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Deborah Tasat
- Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Magnani
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Gonzalez Maglio
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; and
| | - Ricardo J. Gelpi
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Alvarez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Evelson
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|