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Skepastianos G, Mallis P, Kostopoulos E, Michalopoulos E, Skepastianos V, Palazi C, Pannuto L, Tsourouflis G. Efficient Decellularization of the Full-Thickness Rat-Derived Abdominal Wall to Produce Acellular Biologic Scaffolds for Tissue Reconstruction: Promising Evidence Acquired from In Vitro Results. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:913. [PMID: 37627798 PMCID: PMC10451677 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional restoration of abdominal wall defects represents one of the fundamental challenges of reconstructive surgery. Synthetic grafts or crosslinked animal-derived biological grafts are characterized by significant adverse reactions, which are mostly observed after their implantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the decellularization protocol to produce a completely acellular full-thickness abdominal wall scaffold. METHODS Full-thickness abdominal wall samples were harvested from Wistar rats and submitted to a three-cycle decellularization process. Histological, biochemical, and DNA quantification analyses were applied to evaluate the effect of the decellularization protocol. Mechanical testing and immunogenicity assessment were also performed. RESULTS Histological, biochemical, and DNA analysis results showed efficient decellularization of the abdominal wall samples after the third cycle. Decellularized abdominal wall scaffolds were characterized by good biochemical and mechanical properties. CONCLUSION The data presented herein confirm the effective production of a rat-derived full-thickness abdominal wall scaffold. Expanding this approach will allow the exploitation of the capacity of the proposed decellularization protocol in producing acellular abdominal wall scaffolds from larger animal models or human cadaveric donors. In this way, the utility of biological scaffolds with preserved in vivo remodeling properties may be one step closer to its application in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Skepastianos
- Plastic Surgery Department, EANP Metaxa, National Hospital of Athens, 51 Botatsi Street, 185 37 Pireus, Greece; (G.S.); (E.K.); (V.S.); (C.P.)
- Center of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Epameinondas Kostopoulos
- Plastic Surgery Department, EANP Metaxa, National Hospital of Athens, 51 Botatsi Street, 185 37 Pireus, Greece; (G.S.); (E.K.); (V.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vasileios Skepastianos
- Plastic Surgery Department, EANP Metaxa, National Hospital of Athens, 51 Botatsi Street, 185 37 Pireus, Greece; (G.S.); (E.K.); (V.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Chrysoula Palazi
- Plastic Surgery Department, EANP Metaxa, National Hospital of Athens, 51 Botatsi Street, 185 37 Pireus, Greece; (G.S.); (E.K.); (V.S.); (C.P.)
| | - Lucia Pannuto
- Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, UK;
| | - Gerasimos Tsourouflis
- Second Department of Propedeutic Surgery, Medical School, University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
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Messner B, Grab M, Grefen L, Laufer G, Hagl C, König F. Cyclic pressure induced decellularization of porcine descending aortas. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:19. [PMID: 37074546 PMCID: PMC10115674 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The demand for decellularized xenogeneic tissues used in reconstructive heart surgery has increased over the last decades. Complete decellularization of longer and tubular aortic sections suitable for clinical application has not been achieved so far. The present study aims at analyzing the effect of pressure application on decellularization efficacy of porcine aortas using a device specifically designed for this purpose. Fresh porcine descending aortas of 8 cm length were decellularized using detergents. To increase decellularization efficacy, detergent treatment was combined with pressure application and different treatment schemes. Quantification of penetration depth as well as histological staining, scanning electron microscopy, and tensile strength tests were used to evaluate tissue structure. In general, application of pressure to aortic tissue does neither increase the decellularization success nor the penetration depth of detergents. However, it is of importance from which side of the aorta the pressure is applied. Application of intermittent pressure from the adventitial side does significantly increase the decellularization degree at the intimal side (compared to the reference group), but had no influence on the penetration depth of SDC/SDS at both sides. Although the present setup does not significantly improve the decellularization success of aortas, it is interesting that the application of pressure from the adventitial side leads to improved decellularization of the intimal side. As no adverse effects on tissue structure nor on mechanical properties were observed, optimization of the present protocol may potentially lead to complete decellularization of larger aortic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Messner
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Grab
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Medical Materials and Implants, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Grefen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Günther Laufer
- Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hagl
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian König
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Massaro MS, Kochová P, Pálek R, Rosendorf J, Červenková L, Dahmen U, Liška V, Moulisová V. Decellularization of Porcine Carotid Arteries: From the Vessel to the High-Quality Scaffold in Five Hours. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:833244. [PMID: 35651544 PMCID: PMC9150822 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.833244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biologically derived vessels as small-diameter vascular grafts in vascular diseases is currently intensely studied. Vessel decellularization provides a biocompatible scaffold with very low immunogenicity that avoids immunosuppression after transplantation. Good scaffold preservation is important as it facilitates successful cell repopulation. In addition, mechanical characteristics have to be carefully evaluated when the graft is intended to be used as an artery due to the high pressures the vessel is subjected to. Here, we present a new and fast decellularization protocol for porcine carotid arteries, followed by investigation of the quality of obtained vessel scaffolds in terms of maintenance of important extracellular matrix components, mechanical resistance, and compatibility with human endothelial cells. Our results evidence that our decellularization protocol minimally alters both the presence of scaffold proteins and their mechanical behavior and human endothelial cells could adhere to the scaffold in vitro. We conclude that if a suitable protocol is used, a high-quality decellularized arterial scaffold of non-human origin can be promptly obtained, having a great potential to be recellularized and used as an arterial graft in transplantation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Kochová
- New Technologies for Information Society-NTIS, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Richard Pálek
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Jáchym Rosendorf
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Lenka Červenková
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Uta Dahmen
- Experimental Transplantation Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Václav Liška
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Vladimíra Moulisová,
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Cai Z, Tan Z, Tian R, Chen X, Miao P, Yao C, Wang C, Yu Z, Gu Y. Acellular Vascular Scaffolds Preloaded With Heparin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor for Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts Might Inhibit Intimal Hyperplasia. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221134541. [DOI: 10.1177/09636897221134541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop small-diameter (<6 mm) scaffolds capable of accelerating rapid endothelialization and improving long-term patency rate, we created acellular vascular scaffolds preloaded with heparin and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Heparin was conjugated to suppress thrombogenic responses, and HGF was immobilized to induce endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and migration. The scaffolds immobilized with heparin exhibited highly effective localization and sustained release of HGF for 30 days in vitro. We implanted this modified scaffold into the carotid artery of a rabbit model to investigate the efficacy in vivo. The acellular vascular scaffold with heparin only was used as control. After transplantation, the patency of this modified scaffold was 91.67% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, while the patency rate in the group with grafted heparin only was 83.33% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. This modified scaffold significantly stimulated ECs proliferation and the endothelium aligned in the direction of flow after 12 months. In addition, intimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced in the grafts coated with HGF compared with the control grafts. The small-diameter vascular grafts with an inner diameter of 2.5 mm preloaded with heparin and HGF may be a substitute for autologous blood vessels in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengli Tan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Tian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Miao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenliang Yao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengya Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mallis P, Sokolis DP, Katsimpoulas M, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Improved Repopulation Efficacy of Decellularized Small Diameter Vascular Grafts Utilizing the Cord Blood Platelet Lysate. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8090118. [PMID: 34562940 PMCID: PMC8467559 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8090118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of functional bioengineered small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs), represents a major challenge of tissue engineering. This study aimed to evaluate the repopulation efficacy of biological vessels, utilizing the cord blood platelet lysate (CBPL). METHODS Human umbilical arteries (hUAs, n = 10) were submitted to decellularization. Then, an evaluation of decellularized hUAs, involving histological, biochemical and biomechanical analysis, was performed. Wharton's Jelly (WJ) Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) were isolated and characterized for their properties. Then, WJ-MSCs (1.5 × 106 cells) were seeded on decellularized hUAs (n = 5) and cultivated with (Group A) or without the presence of the CBPL, (Group B) for 30 days. Histological analysis involving immunohistochemistry (against Ki67, for determination of cell proliferation) and indirect immunofluorescence (against activated MAP kinase, additional marker for cell growth and proliferation) was performed. RESULTS The decellularized hUAs retained their initial vessel's properties, in terms of key-specific proteins, the biochemical and biomechanical characteristics were preserved. The evaluation of the repopulation process indicated a more uniform distribution of WJ-MSCs in group A compared to group B. The repopulated vascular grafts of group B were characterized by greater Ki67 and MAP kinase expression compared to group A. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicated that the CBPL may improve the repopulation efficacy, thus bringing the biological SDVGs one step closer to clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2106597331 or +30-6971616467; Fax: +30-210-6597345
| | - Dimitrios P. Sokolis
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Center for Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (M.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 115 27 Athens, Greece; (C.S.-G.); (E.M.)
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Heng JW, Yazid MD, Abdul Rahman MR, Sulaiman N. Coatings in Decellularized Vascular Scaffolds for the Establishment of a Functional Endothelium: A Scoping Review of Vascular Graft Refinement. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:677588. [PMID: 34395554 PMCID: PMC8358320 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.677588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Developments in tissue engineering techniques have allowed for the creation of biocompatible, non-immunogenic alternative vascular grafts through the decellularization of existing tissues. With an ever-growing number of patients requiring life-saving vascular bypass grafting surgeries, the production of functional small diameter decellularized vascular scaffolds has never been more important. However, current implementations of small diameter decellularized vascular grafts face numerous clinical challenges attributed to premature graft failure as a consequence of common failure mechanisms such as acute thrombogenesis and intimal hyperplasia resulting from insufficient endothelial coverage on the graft lumen. This review summarizes some of the surface modifying coating agents currently used to improve the re-endothelialization efficiency and endothelial cell persistence in decellularized vascular scaffolds that could be applied in producing a better patency small diameter vascular graft. A comprehensive search yielding 192 publications was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Ovid electronic databases. Careful screening and removal of unrelated publications and duplicate entries resulted in a total of 16 publications, which were discussed in this review. Selected publications demonstrate that the utilization of surface coating agents can induce endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation therefore leads to increased re-endothelialization efficiency. Unfortunately, the large variance in methodologies complicates comparison of coating effects between studies. Thus far, coating decellularized tissue gave encouraging results. These developments in re-endothelialization could be incorporated in the fabrication of functional, off-the-shelf alternative small diameter vascular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei Heng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ramzisham Abdul Rahman
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Seiffert N, Tang P, Keshi E, Reutzel-Selke A, Moosburner S, Everwien H, Wulsten D, Napierala H, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Hillebrandt KH, Struecker B. In vitro recellularization of decellularized bovine carotid arteries using human endothelial colony forming cells. J Biol Eng 2021; 15:15. [PMID: 33882982 PMCID: PMC8059238 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-021-00266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are dependent on bypass surgery. However, in some patients no suitable replacements (i.e. autologous or prosthetic bypass grafts) are available. Advances have been made to develop autologous tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVG) using endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) obtained by peripheral blood draw in large animal trials. Clinical translation of this technique, however, still requires additional data for usability of isolated ECFC from high cardiovascular risk patients. Bovine carotid arteries (BCA) were decellularized using a combined SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) -free mechanical-osmotic-enzymatic-detergent approach to show the feasibility of xenogenous vessel decellularization. Decellularized BCA chips were seeded with human ECFC, isolated from a high cardiovascular risk patient group, suffering from diabetes, hypertension and/or chronic renal failure. ECFC were cultured alone or in coculture with rat or human mesenchymal stromal cells (rMSC/hMSC). Decellularized BCA chips were evaluated for biochemical, histological and mechanical properties. Successful isolation of ECFC and recellularization capabilities were analyzed by histology. RESULTS Decellularized BCA showed retained extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanical properties upon cell removal. Isolation of ECFC from the intended target group was successfully performed (80% isolation efficiency). Isolated cells showed a typical ECFC-phenotype. Upon recellularization, co-seeding of patient-isolated ECFC with rMSC/hMSC and further incubation was successful for 14 (n = 9) and 23 (n = 5) days. Reendothelialization (rMSC) and partial reendothelialization (hMSC) was achieved. Seeded cells were CD31 and vWF positive, however, human cells were detectable for up to 14 days in xenogenic cell-culture only. Seeding of ECFC without rMSC was not successful. CONCLUSION Using our refined decellularization process we generated easily obtainable TEVG with retained ECM- and mechanical quality, serving as a platform to develop small-diameter (< 6 mm) TEVG. ECFC isolation from the cardiovascular risk target group is possible and sufficient. Survival of diabetic ECFC appears to be highly dependent on perivascular support by rMSC/hMSC under static conditions. ECFC survival was limited to 14 days post seeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Seiffert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Department for Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Vivantes-Hospital Spandau, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eriselda Keshi
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Reutzel-Selke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannah Everwien
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Julius Wolff Institute, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Napierala
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Campus Charité Mitte
- Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Struecker
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Academy, Clinician Scientist Program, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Wang J, Kong L, Gafur A, Peng X, Kristi N, Xu J, Ma X, Wang N, Humphry R, Durkan C, Zhang H, Ye Z, Wang G. Photooxidation crosslinking to recover residual stress in decellularized blood vessel. Regen Biomater 2021; 8:rbaa058. [PMID: 33738112 PMCID: PMC7955719 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularization method based on trypsin-digestion is widely used to construct small diameter vascular grafts. However, this method will reduce the opening angle of the blood vessel and result in the reduction of residual stress. Residual stress reduced has an adverse effect on the compliance and permeability of small diameter vascular grafts. To improve the situation, acellular blood vessels were treated with glutaraldehyde and photooxidation crosslinking respectively, and the changes of opening angle, circumferential residual strain of native blood vessels, decellularized arteries and crosslinked blood vessels were measured by means of histological examination, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in this study. The opening angle of decellularized arteries significantly restored after photooxidation crosslinking (P = 0.0216), while that of glutaraldehyde crosslinking blood vessels reduced. The elastic fibers inside the blood vessels became densely rearranged after photooxidation crosslinking. The results of finite element simulation showed that the residual stress increased with the increase of opening angle. In this study, we found at the first time that photooxidation crosslinking method could significantly increase the residual stress of decellularized vessels, which provides biomechanical support for the development of new biomaterials of vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lingwen Kong
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Central Hospital of Chongqing University, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Alidha Gafur
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiaobo Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Natalia Kristi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xingshuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Rose Humphry
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Colm Durkan
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FF, UK
| | - Haijun Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Biomedical Material Modification, Dezhou, Shandong 251100, China
| | - Zhiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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9
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Kostelnik CJ, Crouse KJ, Carver W, Eberth JF. Longitudinal histomechanical heterogeneity of the internal thoracic artery. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104314. [PMID: 33476887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is the principal choice for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) due to its mechanical compatibility, histological composition, anti-thrombogenic lumen, and single anastomotic junction. Originating at the subclavian artery, traversing the thoracic cavity, and terminating at the superior epigastric and musculophrenic bifurcation, bilateral ITAs follow a protracted circuitous pathway. The physiological hemodynamics, anatomical configuration, and perivascular changes that occur throughout this length influence the tissue's microstructure and gross mechanical properties. Since histomechanics play a major role in premature graft failure we used inflation-extension testing to quantify the regional material and biaxial mechanical properties at four distinct locations along the left (L) and right (R) ITA and fit the results to a structurally-motivated constitutive model. Our comparative analysis of 44 vessel segments revealed a significant increase in the amount of collagen but not smooth muscle and a significant decrease in elastin and elastic lamellae present with distance from the heart. A subsequent decrease in the total deformation energy and isotropic contribution to the strain energy was present in the LITA but not RITA. Circumferential stress and compliance generally decreased along the length of the LITA while axial stress increased in the RITA. When comparing RITAs to LITAs, some morphological and histological differences were found in proximal sections while distal sections revealed differences predominantly in compliance and axial stress. Overall, this information can be used to better guide graft selection, graft preparation, and xenograft-based tissue-engineering strategies for CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colton J Kostelnik
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kiersten J Crouse
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Wayne Carver
- Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - John F Eberth
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Cell Biology and Anatomy Department, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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10
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He Z, Liu G, Ma X, Yang D, Li Q, Li N. Comparison of small-diameter decellularized scaffolds from the aorta and carotid artery of pigs. Int J Artif Organs 2020; 44:350-360. [PMID: 32988264 DOI: 10.1177/0391398820959350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tissue-specific extracellular matrix promotes tissue regeneration and repair. We aimed to identify the optimal decellularized matrices for tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG). METHODS Decellularized aorta of fetal pigs (DAFP, n = 6, group A), decellularized aorta of adult pigs (DAAP, n = 6, group B), and decellularized carotid artery of adult pigs (DCAP, n = 6, group C) were prepared. Scaffolds were compared using histology and ultrastructure. Endothelial cell (EC) and myofibroblast (MFB) infiltration assessments were performed in vitro. Cell infiltration was measured in vivo. Biomechanical properties were also determined. RESULTS Almost original cells were removed by the acellularization procedure, while the construction of the matrix basically remained. In vitro, monolayer ECs and multi-layer MFBs were formed onto the internal surface of the specimens after 3 weeks. In vivo, cell infiltration in group A significantly increased at the 6th and 8th week when compared with groups B and C (p < 0.01). The infiltrated cells were mainly MFBs and a few CD4+ T-lymphocytes/macrophages in the specimens. Groups A and B showed greater axial compliance than group C (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION DAFP was the most suitable for use as a small-caliber vascular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijuan He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingchun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Hodge J, Quint C. Tissue engineered vessel from a biodegradable electrospun scaffold stimulated with mechanical stretch. Biomed Mater 2020; 15:055006. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab8e98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Adams JC, Bell PD, Bodine SC, Brooks HL, Bunnett N, Joe B, Keehan KH, Kleyman TR, Marette A, Morty RE, Ramírez JM, Thomsen MB, Yates BJ, Zucker IH. An American Physiological Society cross-journal Call for Papers on "Deconstructing Organs: Single-Cell Analyses, Decellularized Organs, Organoids, and Organ-on-a-Chip Models". Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L266-L272. [PMID: 32609556 PMCID: PMC7473938 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00311.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine C Adams
- School of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sue C Bodine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Heddwen L Brooks
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Nigel Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio.,Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | | | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - André Marette
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Hôpital Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.,Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Justus Liebig University Giessen, member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jan-Marino Ramírez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.,Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Morten B Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bill J Yates
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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13
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Gonzalez de Torre I, Alonso M, Rodriguez-Cabello JC. Elastin-Based Materials: Promising Candidates for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:657. [PMID: 32695756 PMCID: PMC7338576 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke and cardiovascular episodes are still some of the most common diseases worldwide, causing millions of deaths and costing billions of Euros to healthcare systems. The use of new biomaterials with enhanced biological and physical properties has opened the door to new approaches in cardiovascular applications. Elastin-based materials are biomaterials with some of the most promising properties. Indeed, these biomaterials have started to yield good results in cardiovascular and angiogenesis applications. In this review, we explore the latest trends in elastin-derived materials for cardiac regeneration and the different possibilities that are being explored by researchers to regenerate an infarcted muscle and restore its normal function. Elastin-based materials can be processed in different manners to create injectable systems or hydrogel scaffolds that can be applied by simple injection or as patches to cover the damaged area and regenerate it. Such materials have been applied to directly regenerate the damaged cardiac muscle and to create complex structures, such as heart valves or new bio-stents that could help to restore the normal function of the heart or to minimize damage after a stroke. We will discuss the possibilities that elastin-based materials offer in cardiac tissue engineering, either alone or in combination with other biomaterials, in order to illustrate the wide range of options that are being explored. Moreover, although tremendous advances have been achieved with such elastin-based materials, there is still room for new approaches that could trigger advances in cardiac tissue regeneration.
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14
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Emuna N, Durban D. Stability Analysis of Arteries Under Torsion. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:1072743. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4046051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVascular tortuosity may impede blood flow, occlude the lumen, and ultimately lead to ischemia or even infarction. Mechanical loads like blood pressure, axial force, and also torsion are key factors participating in this complex mechanobiological process. The available studies on arterial torsion instability followed computational or experimental approaches, yet single available theoretical study had modeled the artery as isotropic linear elastic. This paper aim is to validate a theoretical model of arterial torsion instability against experimental data. The artery is modeled as a single-layered, nonlinear, hyperelastic, anisotropic solid, with parameters calibrated from experiment. Linear bifurcation analysis is then performed to predict experimentally measured stability margins. Uncertainties in geometrical parameters and in measured mechanical response were considered. Also, the type of rate (incremental) boundary conditions (RBCs) impact on the results was examined (e.g., dead load, fluid pressure). The predicted critical torque and twist angle followed the experimentally measured trends. The closest prediction errors in the critical torque and twist rate were 22% and 67%, respectively. Using the different RBCs incurred differences of up to 50% difference within the model predictions. The present results suggest that the model may require further improvements. However, it offers an approach that can be used to predict allowable twist levels in surgical procedures (like anastomosis and grafting) and in the design of stents for arteries subjected to high torsion levels (like the femoropopliteal arteries). It may also be instructive in understanding biomechanical processes like arterial tortuosity, kinking, and coiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Emuna
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - David Durban
- Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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15
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Li J, Cai Z, Cheng J, Wang C, Fang Z, Xiao Y, Feng ZG, Gu Y. Characterization of a heparinized decellularized scaffold and its effects on mechanical and structural properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:999-1023. [PMID: 32138617 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1736741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Decellularization is a promising approach in tissue engineering to generate small-diameter blood vessels. However, some challenges still exist. We performed two decellularization phases to develop an optimal decellularized scaffold and analyze the relationship between the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and mechanical properties. In decellularization phase I, we tested sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), Triton X-100 (TX100) and trypsin at different concentrations and exposure times. In decellularization phase II, we systematically compared five combined decellularization protocols based on the results of phase I to identify the optimal method. These protocols tested cell removal, ECM preservation, mechanical properties, and residual cytotoxicity. We further immobilized heparin to optimal decellularized scaffolds and determined its anticoagulant activity and mechanical properties. The combined decellularization protocol comprising treatment with 0.5% SDS followed by 1% TX100 could completely remove the cellular contents and preserve the mechanical properties and ECM architecture better. In addition, the heparinized decellularized scaffolds not only had sustained anticoagulant activity, but also similar mechanical properties to native vessels. In conclusion, heparinized decellularized scaffolds represent a promising direction for small-diameter vascular grafts, although further in vivo studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cai
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghao Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Guo Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Inaba Y, Yagi H, Kuroda K, Kato J, Kawai Y, Kasai M, Kitahara H, Ito T, Osako M, Kitagawa Y, Shimizu H. Transplantation of a decellularized mitral valve complex in pigs. Surg Today 2019; 50:298-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01869-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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17
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Reconstruction of the pulmonary artery by a novel biodegradable conduit engineered with perinatal stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells enables physiological vascular growth in a large animal model of congenital heart disease. Biomaterials 2019; 217:119284. [PMID: 31255979 PMCID: PMC6658806 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lack of growth potential of available grafts represents a bottleneck in the correction of congenital heart defects. Here we used a swine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) graft functionalized with mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), for replacement of the pulmonary artery in piglets. MSCs were expanded from human umbilical cord blood or new-born swine peripheral blood, seeded onto decellularized SIS grafts and conditioned in a bioreactor to differentiate into VSMCs. Results indicate the equivalence of generating grafts engineered with human or swine MSC-derived VSMCs. Next, we conducted a randomized, controlled study in piglets (12–15 kg), which had the left pulmonary artery reconstructed with swine VSMC-engineered or acellular conduit grafts. Piglets recovered well from surgery, with no casualty and similar growth rate in either group. After 6 months, grafted arteries had larger circumference in the cellular group (28.3 ± 2.3 vs 18.3 ± 2.1 mm, P < 0.001), but without evidence of aneurism formation. Immunohistochemistry showed engineered grafts were composed of homogeneous endothelium covered by multi-layered muscular media, whereas the acellular grafts exhibited a patchy endothelial cell layer and a thinner muscular layer. Results show the feasibility and efficacy of pulmonary artery reconstruction using clinically available grafts engineered with allogeneic VSMCs in growing swine.
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18
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Cheng J, Wang C, Gu Y. Combination of freeze-thaw with detergents: A promising approach to the decellularization of porcine carotid arteries. Biomed Mater Eng 2019; 30:191-205. [PMID: 30741667 DOI: 10.3233/bme-191044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, , P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, , P.R. China
| | - Yongquan Gu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, , P.R. China
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19
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Alfonso-Garcia A, Haudenschild AK, Marcu L. Label-free assessment of carotid artery biochemical composition using fiber-based fluorescence lifetime imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4064-4076. [PMID: 30615748 PMCID: PMC6157793 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Novel diagnostic tools with the ability to monitor variations in biochemical composition and provide benchmark indicators of vascular tissue maturation are needed to create functional tissue replacements. We investigated the ability of fiber-based, label-free multispectral fluorescent lifetime imaging (FLIm) to quantify the anatomical variations in biochemical composition of native carotid arteries and validated these results against biochemical assays. FLIm-derived parameters in spectral band 415-455 nm correlated with tissue collagen content (R2 = 0.64) and cell number (R2 = 0.61) and in spectral band 465-553 nm strongly correlated with elastin content (R2 = 0.89). These results suggest that FLIm holds great potential for assessing vascular tissue maturation and functional properties based on tissue autofluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Alfonso-Garcia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616,
USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Anne K. Haudenschild
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616,
USA
- Authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Laura Marcu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 E. Health Sciences Dr., Davis, CA 95616,
USA
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20
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Zhou B, Prim DA, Romito EJ, McNamara LP, Spinale FG, Shazly T, Eberth JF. Contractile Smooth Muscle and Active Stress Generation in Porcine Common Carotids. J Biomech Eng 2018; 140:2654977. [PMID: 28975258 DOI: 10.1115/1.4037949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical response of intact blood vessels to applied loads can be delineated into passive and active components using an isometric decomposition approach. Whereas the passive response is due predominantly to the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and amorphous ground substance, the active response depends on the presence of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and the contractile machinery activated within those cells. To better understand determinants of active stress generation within the vascular wall, we subjected porcine common carotid arteries (CCAs) to biaxial inflation-extension testing under maximally contracted or passive SMC conditions and semiquantitatively measured two known markers of the contractile SMC phenotype: smoothelin and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC). Using isometric decomposition and established constitutive models, an intuitive but novel correlation between the magnitude of active stress generation and the relative abundance of smoothelin and SM-MHC emerged. Our results reiterate the importance of stretch-dependent active stress generation to the total mechanical response. Overall these findings can be used to decouple the mechanical contribution of SMCs from the ECM and is therefore a powerful tool in the analysis of disease states and potential therapies where both constituent are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boran Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - David A Prim
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Eva J Romito
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Liam P McNamara
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Tarek Shazly
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; College of Engineering and Computing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - John F Eberth
- College of Engineering and Computing, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 e-mail:
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21
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Rambøl MH, Hisdal J, Sundhagen JO, Brinchmann JE, Rosales A. Recellularization of Decellularized Venous Grafts Using Peripheral Blood: A Critical Evaluation. EBioMedicine 2018; 32:215-222. [PMID: 29779699 PMCID: PMC6020714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular disease is a major cause of death worldwide, and the growing need for replacement vessels is not fully met by autologous grafts or completely synthetic alternatives. Tissue engineering has emerged as a compelling strategy for the creation of blood vessels for reconstructive surgeries. One promising method to obtain a suitable vessel scaffold is decellularization of donor vascular tissue followed by recellularization with autologous cells. To prevent thrombosis of vascular grafts, a confluent and functional autologous endothelium is required, and researchers are still looking for the optimal cell source and recellularization procedure. Recellularization of a decellularized scaffold with only a small volume of whole blood was recently put forward as a feasible option. Here we show that, in contrast to the published results, this method fails to re-endothelialize decellularized veins. Only occasional nucleated cells were seen on the luminal surface of the scaffolds. Instead, we saw fibrin threads, platelets and scattered erythrocytes. Molecular remnants of the endothelial cells were still attached to the scaffold, which explains in part why earlier results were misinterpreted. Decellularized vascular tissues may still be the best scaffolds available for vascular tissue engineering. However, for the establishment of an adequate autologous endothelial lining, methods other than exposure to autologous whole blood need to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia H Rambøl
- Norwegian center for stem cell research, Department of immunology, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway; Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jonny Hisdal
- Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon O Sundhagen
- Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan E Brinchmann
- Norwegian center for stem cell research, Department of immunology, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of molecular medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Antonio Rosales
- Oslo vascular center, Department of vascular surgery, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez VE, Martínez-González B, Quiroga-Garza A, Reyes-Hernández CG, de la Fuente-Villarreal D, de la Garza-Castro O, Guzmán-López S, Elizondo-Omaña RE. Human Umbilical Vessels: Choosing the Optimal Decellularization Method. ASAIO J 2018; 64:575-580. [PMID: 29095734 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000000715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand of small-diameter vascular grafts for treatment of circulatory pathologies. Decellularization offers the possibility of using human blood vessels as scaffolds to create vascular grafts. Umbilical vessels have great potential because of their availability and morphological characteristics. Various decellularization techniques have been used in umbilical vessels, but consensus on which is the most appropriate has not yet been reached. The objective of this review is to analyze the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of decellularized human umbilical arteries and veins with different techniques. Evidence indicates that the umbilical vessels are a viable option to develop small-diameter vascular grafts. Detergents are the agents most often used and with most evidence. However, further studies are needed to accurately analyze the components of the extracellular matrix and biomechanical characteristics, as well as the capacity for recellularization and in vivo functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- From the Human Anatomy Department, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey N.L., Mexico
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23
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A validated patient-specific FSI model for vascular access in haemodialysis. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:479-497. [DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0973-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Marais L, Zidi M. Mechanical behavior of the abdominal aortic aneurysm assessed by biaxial tests in the rat xenograft model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 74:28-34. [PMID: 28527353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper addresses the mechanical biaxial behavior of degraded arteries obtained by the rat xenograft model. For that, a pressure myograph was used to perform extension-inflation tests on abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). Furthermore, residual stresses in the aneurismal wall were assessed by opening angle tests. Thus, the changes in mechanical behavior between native murine aortas, decellularized guinea pig aortas (the grafts) and degraded aortas (AAAs) were investigated. It was shown that decellularized and degraded aortas exhibited a different mechanical behavior than native murine aortas. Indeed, decellularized aortas presented a marked decrease in circumferential stretch and distensibility compared with native aortas. Moreover, we evidenced an exacerbation of these changes in mechanical behavior for AAAs, which showed the lowest distension and distensibility at 100mmHg. The opening angle test also revealed a complete loss of residual stresses in the degraded arterial wall given the non opening of rings extracted from AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Marais
- Bioengineering, Tissues and Neuroplasticity (BIOTN), EA 7377, Paris-Est Créteil University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical Research Center, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France.
| | - Mustapha Zidi
- Bioengineering, Tissues and Neuroplasticity (BIOTN), EA 7377, Paris-Est Créteil University, Faculty of Medicine, Surgical Research Center, 8 rue du Général Sarrail, 94010 Créteil, France.
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25
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Lin CH, Kao YC, Lin YH, Ma H, Tsay RY. A fiber-progressive-engagement model to evaluate the composition, microstructure, and nonlinear pseudoelastic behavior of porcine arteries and decellularized derivatives. Acta Biomater 2016; 46:101-111. [PMID: 27667016 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The theoretical fiber-progressive-engagement model was proposed to describe the pseudoelastic behavior of an artery pre- and post-decellularization treatments. Native porcine arteries were harvested and decellularized with 0.05% trypsin for 12 h. The uniaxial tensile test data were fitted to the fiber-progressive-engagement model proposed herein. The effects of decellularization on the morphology, structural characteristics, and composition of vessel walls were studied. The experimental stress-strain curve was fitted to the model in the longitudinal and circumferential direction, which demonstrated the adequacy of the proposed model (R2>0.99). The initial and turning strains were similar in the longitudinal and circumferential directions in the aorta, suggesting the occurrence of collagen conjugation in both directions. Discrepancies in the initial and turning strain and initial and stiff modulus in both directions in the coronary artery revealed the anisotropic features of this vessel. Decellularization induced a decrease in the initial and turning strains, a slight change in the initial modulus, and a substantial decrease in the stiffness modulus. The decrease in the initial and turning strain can be attributed to the loss of waviness of collagen bundles because of the considerable decrease in elastin and glycosaminoglycan contents. This simple non-linear model can be used to determine the fiber modulus and waviness degree of vascular tissue. Based on these results, this mechanical test can be used as a screening tool for the selection of an optimized decellularization protocol for arterial tissues. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Decellularized vascular graft has potential in clinical application, such as coronary artery bypass surgery, peripheral artery bypass surgery or microsurgery. An ideal decellularization protocol requires balance in cell removal efficiency and extracellular matrix preserving. Both biochemical and biomechanical properties are crucial to the success of scaffold in cell seeding and animal study. A comprehensive understanding of the composition, microstructure, and mechanical behavior of the arterial wall is the key to the development of decellularized vascular grafts. For this purpose, we proposed this "Fiber-Progressive-Engagement" model to evaluate the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of porcine coronary artery. The model provides a new perspective regarding the non-linear behavior of arterial tissue and its decellularized derivatives. It can be widely applied to different types of tissues, as demonstrated in the aorta and coronary artery. This model has several advantages; it provides an improved fit of non-linear curves (R2>0.99), can be used to elucidate the pseudoelastic properties of porcine vascular tissues using the concept of fiber engagement, and can estimate an elastic modulus with greater accuracy (compared to the graphical estimation or calculation by simple linear fittings), as well as to plot typical stress-strain curves.
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Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM; see Table 1 for a list of abbreviations) is a heterogeneous biomaterial comprised of cells and extracellular matrix. By surrounding tubes of endothelial cells, VSM forms a regulated network, the vasculature, through which oxygenated blood supplies specialized organs, permitting the development of large multicellular organisms. VSM cells, the engine of the vasculature, house a set of regulated nanomotors that permit rapid stress-development, sustained stress-maintenance and vessel constriction. Viscoelastic materials within, surrounding and attached to VSM cells, comprised largely of polymeric proteins with complex mechanical characteristics, assist the engine with countering loads imposed by the heart pump, and with control of relengthening after constriction. The complexity of this smart material can be reduced by classical mechanical studies combined with circuit modeling using spring and dashpot elements. Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of VSM requires a more complete understanding of the mechanics and regulation of its biochemical parts, and ultimately, an understanding of how these parts work together to form the machinery of the vascular tree. Current molecular studies provide detailed mechanical data about single polymeric molecules, revealing viscoelasticity and plasticity at the protein domain level, the unique biological slip-catch bond, and a regulated two-step actomyosin power stroke. At the tissue level, new insight into acutely dynamic stress-strain behavior reveals smooth muscle to exhibit adaptive plasticity. At its core, physiology aims to describe the complex interactions of molecular systems, clarifying structure-function relationships and regulation of biological machines. The intent of this review is to provide a comprehensive presentation of one biomachine, VSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Ratz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Pashneh-Tala S, MacNeil S, Claeyssens F. The Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft-Past, Present, and Future. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 22:68-100. [PMID: 26447530 PMCID: PMC4753638 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 443] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide, with this trend predicted to continue for the foreseeable future. Common disorders are associated with the stenosis or occlusion of blood vessels. The preferred treatment for the long-term revascularization of occluded vessels is surgery utilizing vascular grafts, such as coronary artery bypass grafting and peripheral artery bypass grafting. Currently, autologous vessels such as the saphenous vein and internal thoracic artery represent the gold standard grafts for small-diameter vessels (<6 mm), outperforming synthetic alternatives. However, these vessels are of limited availability, require invasive harvest, and are often unsuitable for use. To address this, the development of a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) has been rigorously pursued. This article reviews the current state of the art of TEVGs. The various approaches being explored to generate TEVGs are described, including scaffold-based methods (using synthetic and natural polymers), the use of decellularized natural matrices, and tissue self-assembly processes, with the results of various in vivo studies, including clinical trials, highlighted. A discussion of the key areas for further investigation, including graft cell source, mechanical properties, hemodynamics, integration, and assessment in animal models, is then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samand Pashneh-Tala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield , Broad Lane, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Böer U, Hurtado-Aguilar LG, Klingenberg M, Lau S, Jockenhoevel S, Haverich A, Wilhelmi M. Effect of Intensified Decellularization of Equine Carotid Arteries on Scaffold Biomechanics and Cytotoxicity. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:2630-41. [PMID: 25921001 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Decellularized equine carotid arteries (dEAC) are suggested to represent an alternative for alloplastic vascular grafts in haemodialysis patients to achieve vascular access. Recently it was shown that intensified detergent treatment completely removed cellular components from dEAC and thereby significantly reduced matrix immunogenicity. However, detergents may also affect matrix composition and stability and render scaffolds cytotoxic. Therefore, intensively decellularized carotids (int-dEAC) were now evaluated for their biomechanical characteristics (suture retention strength, burst pressure and circumferential compliance at arterial and venous systolic and diastolic pressure), matrix components (collagen and glycosaminoglycan content) and indirect and direct cytotoxicity (WST-8 assay and endothelial cell seeding) and compared with native (n-EAC) and conventionally decellularized carotids (con-dEAC). Both decellularization protocols comparably reduced matrix compliance (venous pressure compliance: 32.2 and 27.4% of n-EAC; p < 0.01 and arterial pressure compliance: 26.8 and 23.7% of n-EAC, p < 0.01) but had no effect on suture retention strength and burst pressure. Matrix characterization revealed unchanged collagen contents but a 39.0% (con-dEAC) and 26.4% (int-dEAC, p < 0.01) reduction of glycosaminoglycans, respectively. Cytotoxicity was not observed in either dEAC matrix which was also displayed by an intact endothelial lining after seeding. Thus, even intensified decellularization generates matrix scaffolds highly suitable for vascular tissue engineering purposes, e.g., the generation of haemodialysis shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Böer
- GMP-Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Division for Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Luis G Hurtado-Aguilar
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Melanie Klingenberg
- GMP-Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Division for Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Skadi Lau
- GMP-Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Division for Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Jockenhoevel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Textile Implants, AME - Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz Institute, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- GMP-Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Division for Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mathias Wilhelmi
- GMP-Model Laboratory for Tissue Engineering, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
- Division for Cardiac-, Thoracic-, Transplantation- and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
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Ostdiek AM, Ivey JR, Hansen SA, Gopaldas R, Grant SA. Feasibility of a nanomaterial-tissue patch for vascular and cardiac reconstruction. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:449-57. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Ostdiek
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
| | - Jan R. Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
| | - Sarah A. Hansen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
| | | | - Sheila A. Grant
- Department of Bioengineering; University of Missouri; Columbia Missouri
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Voutouri C, Mpekris F, Papageorgis P, Odysseos AD, Stylianopoulos T. Role of constitutive behavior and tumor-host mechanical interactions in the state of stress and growth of solid tumors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104717. [PMID: 25111061 PMCID: PMC4128744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces play a crucial role in tumor patho-physiology. Compression of cancer cells inhibits their proliferation rate, induces apoptosis and enhances their invasive and metastatic potential. Additionally, compression of intratumor blood vessels reduces the supply of oxygen, nutrients and drugs, affecting tumor progression and treatment. Despite the great importance of the mechanical microenvironment to the pathology of cancer, there are limited studies for the constitutive modeling and the mechanical properties of tumors and on how these parameters affect tumor growth. Also, the contribution of the host tissue to the growth and state of stress of the tumor remains unclear. To this end, we performed unconfined compression experiments in two tumor types and found that the experimental stress-strain response is better fitted to an exponential constitutive equation compared to the widely used neo-Hookean and Blatz-Ko models. Subsequently, we incorporated the constitutive equations along with the corresponding values of the mechanical properties - calculated by the fit - to a biomechanical model of tumor growth. Interestingly, we found that the evolution of stress and the growth rate of the tumor are independent from the selection of the constitutive equation, but depend strongly on the mechanical interactions with the surrounding host tissue. Particularly, model predictions - in agreement with experimental studies - suggest that the stiffness of solid tumors should exceed a critical value compared with that of the surrounding tissue in order to be able to displace the tissue and grow in size. With the use of the model, we estimated this critical value to be on the order of 1.5. Our results suggest that the direct effect of solid stress on tumor growth involves not only the inhibitory effect of stress on cancer cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis, but also the resistance of the surrounding tissue to tumor expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysovalantis Voutouri
- Cancer Biophysics laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Fotios Mpekris
- Cancer Biophysics laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Papageorgis
- Cancer Biophysics laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreani D. Odysseos
- EPOS-Iasis R&D, Division of Biomedical Research, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- * E-mail:
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Mancuso L, Gualerzi A, Boschetti F, Loy F, Cao G. Decellularized ovine arteries as small-diameter vascular grafts. Biomed Mater 2014; 9:045011. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/9/4/045011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tuan-Mu HY, Yu CH, Hu JJ. On the decellularization of fresh or frozen human umbilical arteries: implications for small-diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts. Ann Biomed Eng 2014; 42:1305-18. [PMID: 24682764 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most tissues, including those to be decellularized for tissue engineering applications, are frozen for long term preservation. Such conventional cryopreservation has been shown to alter the structure and mechanical properties of tissues. Little is known, however, how freezing affects decellularization of tissues. The purpose of this study was two-fold: to examine the effects of freezing on decellularization of human umbilical arteries (HUAs), which represent a potential scaffolding material for small-diameter tissue-engineered vascular grafts, and to examine how decellularization affects the mechanical properties of frozen HUAs. Among many decellularization methods, hypotonic sodium dodecyl sulfate solution was selected as the decellularizing agent and tested on fresh HUAs to optimize decellularization conditions. The efficiency of decellularization was evaluated by DNA assay and histology every 12 up to 48 h. The optimized decellularization protocol was then performed on frozen HUAs. The stiffness, burst pressure, and suture retention strength of fresh HUAs and frozen HUAs before and after decellularization were also examined. It appeared that freezing decreased the efficiency of decellularization, which may be attributed to the condensed extracellular matrix caused by freezing. While the stiffness of fresh HUAs did not change significantly after decellularization, decellularization reduced the compliance of frozen HUAs. Interestingly, the stiffness of decellularized frozen HUAs was similar to that of decellularized fresh HUAs. Although little difference in stiffness was observed, we suggest avoiding freezing if more efficient and complete decellularization is desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Yi Tuan-Mu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, #1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan
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Lai VK, Hadi MF, Tranquillo RT, Barocas VH. A multiscale approach to modeling the passive mechanical contribution of cells in tissues. J Biomech Eng 2014; 135:71007. [PMID: 23720192 DOI: 10.1115/1.4024350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In addition to their obvious biological roles in tissue function, cells often play a significant mechanical role through a combination of passive and active behaviors. This study focused on the passive mechanical contribution of cells in tissues by improving our multiscale model via the addition of cells, which were treated as dilute spherical inclusions. The first set of simulations considered a rigid cell, with the surrounding ECM modeled as (1) linear elastic, (2) Neo-Hookean, and (3) a fiber network. Comparison with the classical composite theory for rigid inclusions showed close agreement at low cell volume fraction. The fiber network case exhibited nonlinear stress-strain behavior and Poisson's ratios larger than the elastic limit of 0.5, characteristics similar to those of biological tissues. The second set of simulations used a fiber network for both the cell (simulating cytoskeletal filaments) and matrix, and investigated the effect of varying relative stiffness between the cell and matrix, as well as the effect of a cytoplasmic pressure to enforce incompressibility of the cell. Results showed that the ECM network exerted negligible compression on the cell, even when the stiffness of fibers in the network was increased relative to the cell. Introduction of a cytoplasmic pressure significantly increased the stresses in the cell filament network, and altered how the cell changed its shape under tension. Findings from this study have implications on understanding how cells interact with their surrounding ECM, as well as in the context of mechanosensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor K Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota–Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Azhim A, Syazwani N, Morimoto Y, Furukawa KS, Ushida T. The use of sonication treatment to decellularize aortic tissues for preparation of bioscaffolds. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:130-41. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328213517579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel decellularization method using sonication treatment is described. Sonication treatment is the combination of physical and chemical agents. These methods will disrupt cell membrane and release cell contents to external environments. The cell removal was facilitated by subsequent rinsing of sodium dodecyl sulfate detergents. Sonication treatment is used in the preparation of complete decellularized bioscaffolds. The aim of this study is to confirm the usefulness of sonication treatment for preparation of biological scaffolds. In this study, samples of aortic tissues are decellularized by sonication treatment at frequency of 170 kHz in 0.1% and 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate detergents for 10-h treatment time. The relation between decellularization and sonication parameters such as dissolved oxygen concentration, conductivity, and pH is investigated. Histological analysis and biomechanical testing is performed to evaluate cell removal efficiency as well as changes in biomechanical properties. Minimal inflammation response elicit by bioscaffolds is confirmed by xenogeneic implantation and immunohistochemistry. Sonication treatment is able to produce complete decellularized tissue suggesting that these treatments could be applied widely as one of the decellularization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azhim
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre, UTM, Johor, Malaysia
- The Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan
| | - N Syazwani
- Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Y Morimoto
- Department of Internal Physiology Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - KS Furukawa
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan
| | - T Ushida
- The Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Japan
- Department of Internal Physiology Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
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35
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Bellini C, Ferruzzi J, Roccabianca S, Di Martino ES, Humphrey JD. A microstructurally motivated model of arterial wall mechanics with mechanobiological implications. Ann Biomed Eng 2013; 42:488-502. [PMID: 24197802 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-013-0928-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Through mechanobiological control of the extracellular matrix, and hence local stiffness, smooth muscle cells of the media and fibroblasts of the adventitia play important roles in arterial homeostasis, including adaptations to altered hemodynamics, injury, and disease. We present a new approach to model arterial wall mechanics that seeks to define better the mechanical environments of the media and adventitia while avoiding the common prescription of a traction-free reference configuration. Specifically, we employ the concept of constituent-specific deposition stretches from the growth and remodeling literature and define a homeostatic state at physiologic pressure and axial stretch that serves as a convenient biologically and clinically relevant reference configuration. Information from histology and multiphoton imaging is then used to prescribe structurally motivated constitutive relations for a bi-layered model of the wall. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by describing in vitro measured biaxial pressure-diameter and axial force-length responses of murine carotid arteries and predicting the associated intact and radially cut traction-free configurations. The latter provides a unique validation while confirming that this constrained mixture approach naturally recovers estimates of residual stresses, which are fundamental to wall mechanics, without the usual need to prescribe an opening angle that is only defined conveniently on cylindrical geometries and cannot be measured in vivo. Among other findings, the model suggests that medial and adventitial stresses can be nearly uniform at physiologic loads, albeit at separate levels, and that the adventitia bears increasingly more load at supra-physiologic pressures while protecting the media from excessive stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bellini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 55 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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Chen H, Zhao X, Lu X, Kassab G. Non-linear micromechanics of soft tissues. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NON-LINEAR MECHANICS 2013; 58:79-85. [PMID: 24817769 PMCID: PMC4012686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microstructure-based constitutive models have been adopted in recent studies of non-linear mechanical properties of biological soft tissues. These models provide more accurate predictions of the overall mechanical responses of tissues than phenomenological approaches. Based on standard approximations in non-linear mechanics, we classified the microstructural models into three categories: (1) uniform-field models with solid-like matrix, (2) uniform-field models with fluid-like matrix, and (3) second-order estimate models. The first two categories assume affine deformation field where the deformation of microstructure is the same as that of the tissue, regardless of material heterogeneities; i.e., they represent the upper bounds of the exact effective strain energy and stress of soft tissues. In addition, the first type is not purely structurally motivated and hence cannot accurately predict the microscopic mechanical behaviors of soft tissues. The third category considers realistic geometrical features, material properties of microstructure and interactions among them and allows for flexible deformation in each constituent. The uniform-field model with fluid-like matrix and the second-order estimate model are microstructure-based, and can be applied to different tissues based on micro-structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Xuefeng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Ghassan Kassab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
- Department of Surgery, Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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Gálvez-Montón C, Prat-Vidal C, Roura S, Soler-Botija C, Bayes-Genis A. Ingeniería tisular cardiaca y corazón bioartificial. Rev Esp Cardiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2012.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Xiong Y, Chan WY, Chua AWC, Feng J, Gopal P, Ong YS, Song C. Decellularized porcine saphenous artery for small-diameter tissue-engineered conduit graft. Artif Organs 2013; 37:E74-87. [PMID: 23566255 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized xenografts have been identified as potential scaffolds for small-diameter vascular substitutes. This study aimed to develop and investigate a biomechanically functional and biocompatible acellular conduit using decellularized porcine saphenous arteries (DPSAs), through a modified decellularization process using Triton X-100/NH4 OH solution and serum-containing medium. Histological and biochemical analysis indicated a high degree of cellular removal and preservation of the extracellular matrix. Bursting pressure tests showed that the DPSAs could withstand a pressure of 1854 ± 164 mm Hg. Assessment of in vitro cell adhesion and biocompatibility showed that porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells were able to adhere and proliferate on DPSAs in static and rotational culture. After interposition into rabbit carotid arteries in vivo, DPSAs showed patency rates of 60% at 1 month and 50% at 3 months. No aneurysm and intimal hyperplasia were observed in any DPSAs. All patent grafts showed regeneration of vascular elements, and thrombotic occlusion was found to be the main cause of graft failure, probably due to remaining xenoantigens. In conclusion, this study showed the development and evaluation of a decellularization process with the potential to be used as small-diameter grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Gálvez-Montón C, Prat-Vidal C, Roura S, Soler-Botija C, Bayes-Genis A. Update: Innovation in cardiology (IV). Cardiac tissue engineering and the bioartificial heart. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 66:391-9. [PMID: 24775822 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is the end-stage of many cardiovascular diseases-such as acute myocardial infarction-and remains one of the most appealing challenges for regenerative medicine because of its high incidence and prevalence. Over the last 20 years, cardiomyoplasty, based on the isolated administration of cells with regenerative capacity, has been the focal point of most studies aimed at regenerating the heart. Although this therapy has proved feasible in the clinical setting, the degree of infarcted myocardium regenerated and of improved cardiac function are at best modest. Hence, tissue engineering has emerged as a novel technology using cells with regenerative capacity, biological and/or synthetic materials, growth, proangiogenic and differentiation factors, and online registry systems, to induce the regeneration of whole organs or locally damaged tissue. The next step, seen recently in pioneering animal studies, is de novo generation of bioartificial hearts by decellularization and preservation of supporting structures for their subsequent repopulation with new contractile, vascular muscle tissue. Ultimately, this new approach would entail transplantation of the "rebuilt" heart, reestablishing cardiac function in the recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- Grupo de Investigación ICREC, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Prat-Vidal
- Grupo de Investigación ICREC, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Roura
- Grupo de Investigación ICREC, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Soler-Botija
- Grupo de Investigación ICREC, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Grupo de Investigación ICREC, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Tillman BW, Yazdani SK, Neff LP, Corriere MA, Christ GJ, Soker S, Atala A, Geary RL, Yoo JJ. Bioengineered vascular access maintains structural integrity in response to arteriovenous flow and repeated needle puncture. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:783-93. [PMID: 22917043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tissue-engineered blood vessels (TEBV) have been proposed as an alternative to prosthetic grafts for dialysis access. However, arteriovenous (AV) grafts must withstand extreme flow rates and frequent needle trauma. In a proof-of-concept study, we sought to determine whether scaffold-based TEBV could withstand the hemodynamic and mechanical challenges of chronic dialysis access. METHODS TEBV were constructed using decellularized arterial scaffolds seeded with autologous ovine endothelial cells (EC) derived from circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) using a novel high-affinity capture approach. Seeded scaffolds were preconditioned to arterial pressure and flow in a bioreactor for 2 weeks prior to implantation to create carotid artery to jugular vein AV grafts in each animal. TEBV were healed for 1 month before initiating percutaneous needle puncture 3 days/week. TEBV wall geometry and patency were monitored using duplex imaging and were either explanted for histologic analysis at 2 months (n = 5) or followed for up to 6 months until venous outflow stenosis threatened AV graft patency (n = 6). RESULTS Despite high flow, TEBV maintained stable geometry with only modest wall dilation (under 6%) by 4 months after implantation. Needle access was well tolerated with a single puncture site complication, a small pseudoaneurysm, occurring in the late group. Time-to-hemostasis at puncture sites averaged 4 ± 2 minutes. Histologic analysis at 2 months demonstrated repopulation of the outer TEBV wall by host cells and healing of needle punctures by cellular ingrowth and new matrix deposition along the tract. TEBV followed beyond 2 months showed stable wall geometry but, consistent with the primary mode of clinical AV graft failure, all TEBV eventually developed venous anastomotic stenosis (mean, 4.4 ± 0.9 months; range, 3.3-5.6 months postimplantation; n = 6). CONCLUSIONS This pilot study supports the concept of creating dialysis access from scaffold-based autologous TEBV. Engineered AV grafts were created within a clinically relevant time frame and demonstrated stable wall geometry despite high flow and repeated puncture. Cellular ingrowth and puncture site healing may improve wall durability, but venous outflow stenosis remains the primary mode of TEBV graft failure in the ovine model.
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MESH Headings
- Angiography, Digital Subtraction
- Animals
- Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/adverse effects
- Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical/instrumentation
- Bioreactors
- Blood Pressure
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects
- Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/instrumentation
- Carotid Arteries/diagnostic imaging
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Arteries/physiopathology
- Carotid Arteries/surgery
- Cell Culture Techniques
- Cells, Cultured
- Constriction, Pathologic
- Endothelial Cells/transplantation
- Equipment Failure Analysis
- Feasibility Studies
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/diagnosis
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/etiology
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/physiopathology
- Hemodynamics
- Jugular Veins/diagnostic imaging
- Jugular Veins/pathology
- Jugular Veins/physiopathology
- Jugular Veins/surgery
- Materials Testing
- Models, Animal
- Needles
- Pilot Projects
- Prosthesis Design
- Prosthesis Failure
- Pulsatile Flow
- Punctures
- Regional Blood Flow
- Renal Dialysis
- Sheep
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Stress, Mechanical
- Time Factors
- Tissue Engineering/methods
- Tissue Scaffolds
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
- Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed
- Vascular Patency
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan W Tillman
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Hsiao LC, Carr C, Chang KC, Lin SZ, Clarke K. Stem cell-based therapy for ischemic heart disease. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:663-75. [PMID: 23044395 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x655109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite great advances in therapy over the past decades, ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide because the decrease in mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to a longer life span in patients with chronic postinfarct heart failure (HF). There are no existing medical treatments that can cure chronic HF and the only currently available therapeutic option for end-stage HF is heart transplantation. However, transplantation is limited by the shortage of donor organs and patients require lifelong immunosuppression. In the past 10 years, stem cell-based cardiac therapy has been proposed as a promising approach for the treatment of IHD. There is a variety of potential stem cell types for cardiac repair and regeneration, including bone marrow cells (BMCs), resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Stem cell-based therapy may comprise cell transplantation or cardiac tissue engineering (CTE), which might be an attractive alternative to solve the problems of low retention and poor survival of transplanted cells. This review focuses on the characteristics of stem cells from various sources and discusses the strategies of stem cell-based therapy for the treatment of IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Cheng Hsiao
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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42
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Campbell E, Cahill P, Lally C. Investigation of a small-diameter decellularised artery as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering; biomechanical evaluation and preliminary cell seeding. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 14:130-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kochová P, Kuncová J, Svíglerová J, Cimrman R, Miklíková M, Liška V, Tonar Z. The contribution of vascular smooth muscle, elastin and collagen on the passive mechanics of porcine carotid arteries. Physiol Meas 2012; 33:1335-51. [PMID: 22813960 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/33/8/1335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The main components responsible for the mechanical behavior of the arterial wall are collagen, elastin, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in the medial layer. We determined the structural and mechanical changes in porcine carotid arteries after administration of Triton® X-100, elastase, and collagenase using the inflation-deflation test. The arteries were intraluminarly pressurized from 0 to 200 mmHg, and the outer diameter of the artery was measured. The pressure-strain elastic modulus was determined based on the pressure/diameter ratio. The intima-media thickness, wall thickness, thickness of the tunica adventitia layer, and the area fractions of SMCs, elastin, and collagen within the arterial wall (A(A)(SMC/elastin/collagen, wall)) were measured using stereological methods. The relative changes in the relevant components of the treated samples were as follows: the decrease in A(A)(SMC, wall) after administration of Triton® X-100 was 11% ± 7%, the decrease in A(A)(elastin, wall) after administration of elastase was 40% ± 22%, and the decrease in A(A)(collagen, wall) after the application of collagenase was 51% ± 22%. The Triton® X-100 treatment led to a decrease in the SMC content that was associated with enlargement of the arterial wall (outer diameter) for pressures up to 120 mmHg, and with mechanical stiffening of the arterial wall at higher pressures. Elastase led to a decrease in the elastin content that was associated with enlargement of the arterial wall, but not with stiffening or softening. Collagenase led to a decrease in collagen content that was associated with a change in the stiffness of the arterial wall, although the exact contribution of mechanical loading and the duration of treatment (enlargement) could not be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kochová
- New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Pilsen, Czech Republic.
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44
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Agianniotis A, Stergiopulos N. Wall properties of the apolipoprotein E-deficient mouse aorta. Atherosclerosis 2012; 223:314-20. [PMID: 22770991 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We quantified the dysfunction of the aortic wall, determined structural and elastic properties, and provided histological data of the thoracic aortas of apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice which are used as model of atherosclerosis. METHODS Six young 10-12 week-old (apoE)-deficient mice of both sexes were studied and six age-matched C57BL/6J wild-type mice were used as control group. We performed extension-inflation mechanical tests at three different axial stretches (λ(z) = 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0), under maximally contracted or totally relaxed state of the vascular smooth muscle cells. Classical histology was performed to the arterial segments. RESULTS Control aortas were generally more distensible than the (apoE)-deficient mouse aortas under both relaxed and contracted smooth muscle. Also, aortas from (apoE)-deficient mice were stiffer (higher incremental elastic modulus) than control aortas. Control aortas exhibited a higher active diameter response compared to (apoE)-deficient mouse aortas, despite the fact that vascular smooth muscle cell density was increased by approximately 15% in the (apoE)-deficient mouse aortas. CONCLUSION We found substantial changes in the structural and elastic properties of the wall, in the active diameter response and in the histology of (apoE)-deficient mouse aortas compared to the control group. Our data can be used in the development of constituent-based models of the arterial wall and in studying the changes in arterial wall properties in presence of disease, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis Agianniotis
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BM 5128 (Bâtiment BM), Station 17, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Agianniotis A, Rachev A, Stergiopulos N. Active axial stress in mouse aorta. J Biomech 2012; 45:1924-7. [PMID: 22698830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The study verifies the development of active axial stress in the wall of mouse aorta over a range of physiological loads when the smooth muscle cells are stimulated to contract. The results obtained show that the active axial stress is virtually independent of the magnitude of pressure, but depends predominately on the longitudinal stretch ratio. The dependence is non-monotonic and is similar to the active stress-stretch dependence in the circumferential direction reported in the literature. The expression for the active axial stress fitted to the experimental data shows that the maximum active stress is developed at longitudinal stretch ratio 1.81, and 1.56 is the longitudinal stretch ratio below which the stimulation does not generate active stress. The study shows that the magnitude of active axial stress is smaller than the active circumferential stress. There is need for more experimental investigations on the active response of different types of arteries from different species and pathological conditions. The results of these studies can promote building of refined constrictive models in vascular rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Agianniotis
- Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Technology, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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46
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Egorova MV, Rogovskaya YV, Ivanov AV, Andreev SL, Akhmedov SD, Afanas'ev SA. Economical technology of creation of cell-free matrix of animal and human arterial vessels. Bull Exp Biol Med 2012; 151:543-6. [PMID: 22448387 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-011-1377-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We present a technology of creation of blood vessel connective tissue framework by 2-3-h vessel perfusion with detergents. The technology ensures effective removal of vascular cells without damaging collagen and elastic fibers. The connective tissue frameworks prepared by this method can the used for restoring blood flow in various vascular pathologies. The presented approach attenuates the damaging effect of treatment on the vascular framework due to maximum simplification and shortening of the duration of treatment and is universal for human and animal vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Egorova
- Institute of Cardiology, Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia
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McClure MJ, Simpson DG, Bowlin GL. Tri-layered vascular grafts composed of polycaprolactone, elastin, collagen, and silk: Optimization of graft properties. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2012; 10:48-61. [PMID: 22520418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2012.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to create seamless, acellular, small diameter bioresorbable arterial grafts that attempt to mimic the extracellular matrix and mechanical properties of native artery using synthetic and natural polymers. Silk fibroin, collagen, elastin, and polycaprolactone (PCL) were electrospun to create a tri-layered structure for evaluation. Dynamic compliance testing of the electrospun grafts ranged from 0.4-2.5%/100 mmHg, where saphenous vein (1.5%/100 mmHg) falls within this range. Increasing PCL content caused a gradual decrease in medial layer compliance, while changes in PCL, elastin, and silk content in the adventitial layer had varying affects. Mathematical modeling was used to further characterize these results. Burst strength results ranged from 1614-3500 mmHg, where some exceeded the capacity of the pressure regulator. Four week degradation studies demonstrated no significant changes in compliance or burst strength, indicating that these grafts could withstand the initial physiological conditions without risk of degradation. Overall, we were able to manufacture a multi-layered graft that architecturally mimics the native vascular wall and mechanically matches the gold standard of vessel replacement, saphenous vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284-3067, USA.
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48
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Rapoport HS, Fish J, Basu J, Campbell J, Genheimer C, Payne R, Jain D. Construction of a tubular scaffold that mimics J-shaped stress/strain mechanics using an innovative electrospinning technique. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:567-74. [PMID: 22250785 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft tissues such as blood vessel, lung, ureter, skin, etc., possess mechanical behavior characterized by a "J"-shaped curve on a stress-strain diagram with a low-stiffness highly elastic zone giving rise to a high-stiffness zone. This mechanical behavior may be adaptive and protective against aneurysm formation in tissues whose primary loading is pressure-based. "J"-shaped behavior arises from the synergistic interplay of two main structural proteins: collagen and elastin. An innovative electrospinning technique has been utilized to form tubular scaffold composites with structural features reminiscent of the corrugated laminae seen in blood vessels. In doing so, tubular scaffolds have been fabricated with complex "J"-shaped behavior through the use of elastic polyurethane and reinforcing poly-glycolic acid (PGA) woven mesh. In these studies, corrugated laminae were formed on the 175 μm and 1.5 mm scale. Initial moduli were 0.5±0.17 MPa (mean±standard deviation) giving rise to stiffer moduli of 36.09±6.72 MPa at a strain of 1.31±0.15. Burst pressures were physiologically relevant at 3095±1016 mmHg. The toughness of these prototypes was 6.3±1.9 MJ/m(3). The ability to employ different materials and different formation parameters utilizing this technique promises the ability to match complex stress-strain behaviors in soft tissues with a high degree of fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Scott Rapoport
- Bioprocess Research and Assay Development, Tengion, Inc., Winston-Salem, NC 27103, USA
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Tierney ÁP, Callanan A, McGloughlin TM. Use of Regional Mechanical Properties of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms to Advance Finite Element Modeling of Rupture Risk. J Endovasc Ther 2012; 19:100-14. [DOI: 10.1583/11-3456.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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50
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Sheridan WS, Duffy GP, Murphy BP. Mechanical characterization of a customized decellularized scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 8:58-70. [PMID: 22402154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Several challenges persist when attempting to utilize decellularized tissue as a scaffold for vascular tissue engineering. Namely: poor cell infiltration/migration, excessive culture times associated with repopulating the scaffolds, and the achievement of a quiescent medial layer. In an attempt to create an optimum vascular scaffold, we customized the properties of decellularized porcine carotid arteries by: (i) creating cavities within the medial layer to allow direct injection of cells, and (ii) controlling the amount of collagen digestion to increase the porosity. Histological examination of our customized scaffold revealed a highly porous tissue structure containing consistent medial cavities running longitudinally through the porous scaffold wall. Mechanical testing of the customized scaffold showed that our minimal localized disruption to the ECM does not have a detrimental effect on the bulk mechanical response of the tissue. The results demonstrate that an increased stiffness and reduced distensibility occurs after decellularization when compared to the native tissue, however post scaffold customization we can revert the scaffold tensile properties back to that of the native tissue. This most noteworthy result occurs in the elastin dominant phase of the tensile response of the scaffold, indicating that no disruption has occurred to the elastin network by our decellularization and customization techniques. Additionally, the bulk seeding potential of the customized scaffold was demonstrated by direct injection of human smooth muscle cells through the medial cavities. The optimum cell dispersion was observed in the highest porosity scaffold, with large cell numbers retained within the medial layer after 24 h static culture. In summary, this study presents a novel customized decellularized vascular scaffold that has the capability of bulk seeding the media, and in tandem to this method, the porosity of the scaffold has been increased without compromising the mechanical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Sheridan
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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