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Seo MW, Lee S, Jung HC. Impact of supra-maximal interval training vs. high-intensity interval training on cardiac auto-regulation response in physically active adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1771-1780. [PMID: 38244043 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the impact of supra-maximal interval training (SMIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac auto-regulation response. METHODS Physically active young adults volunteered to participate in the study with a randomized cross-over counterbalanced design (N = 12). HIIT sessions consisted of 20 bouts of 10 s of exercise followed by 50 s of recovery, totaling 20 min at two different intensities; "all-out (SMIT)" vs. "115-130% Wmax (HIIT)". The cardiac auto-regulation included heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular function. HRV and vascular function were measured at baseline and five different time points after acute exercise. RESULTS The SMIT was higher in workload (31%), peak heart rate (28%), and rate of perceived exertion (40%) compared with HIIT (all p < 0.001). The R-R interval, NN50, and pNN50 measured until 60 min after acute exercise was higher in the HIIT compared with SMIT (all p < 0.05). The SMIT elicited a greater shift in ln LF/HF ratio immediately after acute exercise (3802%, p < 0.01) and induced a decrease in bilateral ba-PWV at the time point 5 min after acute exercise, persisting until 65 min after (p < 0.05). Yet, HIIT showed no change over time in the frequency domain of HRV and blood vascular tone after cessation of acute exercise. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that SMIT is a more potent modulator of the autonomic nervous system compared with HIIT. Further study is needed to monitor through complete recovery to baseline, to understand acute cardiac auto-regulation response after cessation of various exercise intensities identical interval training protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Sports and Leisure Studies, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukho Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Tong Y, Zuo Z, Li X, Li M, Wang Z, Guo X, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen D, Zhang Z. Protective role of perivascular adipose tissue in the cardiovascular system. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1296778. [PMID: 38155947 PMCID: PMC10753176 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1296778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the key role played by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the protection of cardiovascular health. PVAT is a specific type of adipose tissue that wraps around blood vessels and has recently emerged as a critical factor for maintenance of vascular health. Through a profound exploration of existing research, this review sheds light on the intricate structural composition and cellular origins of PVAT, with a particular emphasis on combining its regulatory functions for vascular tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial function. The review then delves into the intricate mechanisms by which PVAT exerts its protective effects, including the secretion of diverse adipokines and manipulation of the renin-angiotensin complex. The review further examines the alterations in PVAT function and phenotype observed in several cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Recognizing the complex interactions of PVAT with the cardiovascular system is critical for pursuing breakthrough therapeutic strategies that can target cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review aims to augment present understanding of the protective role of PVAT in cardiovascular health, with a special emphasis on elucidating potential mechanisms and paving the way for future research directions in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tong
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Zuo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minghua Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenggui Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Guo
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xishu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Center for Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Fontes MT, Arruda-Junior DF, dos Santos DS, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Antônio EL, Tucci PF, Rossoni LV, Girardi AC. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibition rescues PKA-eNOS signaling and suppresses aortic hypercontractility in male rats with heart failure. Life Sci 2023; 323:121648. [PMID: 37001807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Vascular dysfunction and elevated circulating dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) activity are both reported to be involved in the progression of heart failure (HF). While the cardiac benefits of DPP4 inhibitors (DPP4i) have been extensively studied, little is known about the effects of DPP4i on vascular dysfunction in nondiabetic HF. This study tested the hypothesis that vildagliptin (DPP4i) mitigates aortic hyperreactivity in male HF rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to left ventricle (LV) radiofrequency ablation to HF induction or sham operation (SO). Six weeks after surgery, radiofrequency-ablated rats who developed HF were treated with vildagliptin (120 mg⸱kg-1⸱day-1) or vehicle for 4 weeks. Thoracic aorta reactivity, dihydroethidium fluorescence, immunoblotting experiments, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed. KEY FINDINGS DPP4i ameliorated the hypercontractility of HF aortas to the α-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine towards SO levels. In HF, the reduced endothelium and nitric oxide (NO) anticontractile effect on phenylephrine response was restored by DPP4i. At the molecular level, this vasoprotective effect of DPP4i was accompanied by (i) reduced oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) expression, (ii) enhanced total endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation at Ser1177, and (iii) increased PKA activation, which acts upstream of eNOS. Additionally, DPP4i restored the higher serum angiotensin II concentration towards SO. SIGNIFICANCE Our data demonstrate that DPP4i ameliorates aortic hypercontractility, most likely by enhancing NO bioavailability, showing that the DPP4i-induced cardioprotection in male HF may arise from effects not only in the heart but also in conductance arteries.
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Jiang J, Ni L, Zhang X, Gokulnath P, Vulugundam G, Li G, Wang H, Xiao J. Moderate-Intensity Exercise Maintains Redox Homeostasis for Cardiovascular Health. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200204. [PMID: 36683183 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that exercise is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Oxidative stress is the common pathological basis of many cardiovascular diseases. The overproduction of free radicals, both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, can lead to redox imbalance and exacerbate oxidative damage to the cardiovascular system. Maintaining redox homeostasis and enhancing anti-oxidative capacity are critical mechanisms by which exercise protects against cardiovascular diseases. Moderate-intensity exercise is an effective means to maintain cardiovascular redox homeostasis. Moderate-intensity exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by improving mitochondrial function and anti-oxidative capacity. It also attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling and enhances cardiac function. This paper reviews the primary mechanisms of moderate-intensity exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Exploring the role of exercise-mediated redox homeostasis in the cardiovascular system is of great significance to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Priyanka Gokulnath
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | | | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong, 226011, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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Adams JA, Uryash A, Lopez JR. Non-Invasive Pulsatile Shear Stress Modifies Endothelial Activation; A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123050. [PMID: 36551807 PMCID: PMC9775985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The monolayer of cells that line both the heart and the entire vasculature is the endothelial cell (EC). These cells respond to external and internal signals, producing a wide array of primary or secondary messengers involved in coagulation, vascular tone, inflammation, and cell-to-cell signaling. Endothelial cell activation is the process by which EC changes from a quiescent cell phenotype, which maintains cellular integrity, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, to a phenotype that is prothrombotic, pro-inflammatory, and permeable, in addition to repair and leukocyte trafficking at the site of injury or infection. Pathological activation of EC leads to increased vascular permeability, thrombosis, and an uncontrolled inflammatory response that leads to endothelial dysfunction. This pathological activation can be observed during ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and sepsis. Shear stress (SS) and pulsatile shear stress (PSS) are produced by mechanical frictional forces of blood flow and contraction of the heart, respectively, and are well-known mechanical signals that affect EC function, morphology, and gene expression. PSS promotes EC homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The archetype of inducing PSS is exercise (i.e., jogging, which introduces pulsations to the body as a function of the foot striking the pavement), or mechanical devices which induce external pulsations to the body (Enhanced External Pulsation (EECP), Whole-body vibration (WBV), and Whole-body periodic acceleration (WBPA aka pGz)). The purpose of this narrative review is to focus on the aforementioned noninvasive methods to increase PSS, review how each of these modify specific diseases that have been shown to induce endothelial activation and microcirculatory dysfunction (Ischemia reperfusion injury-myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest and resuscitation), sepsis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis syndrome (LPS)), and review current evidence and insight into how each may modify endothelial activation and how these may be beneficial in the acute and chronic setting of endothelial activation and microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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Tan Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Pan Y. The Effect of Blood Flow-Restricted Low Resistance Training on Microvascular Circulation of Myocardium in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:829718. [PMID: 35535353 PMCID: PMC9076488 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.829718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of blood flow-restricted low resistance training on microvascular rarefaction in the myocardium of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods: Four-week-old male SHRs were randomly divided into the following groups: Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), SHR control (SHR-SED), high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), low-intensity resistance training (LIRT), and blood flow-restricted low resistance training (BFRT). The exercise groups began to receive exercise intervention for 8 weeks at the age of 7 weeks. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), cardiac function, capillary density, and Vascular endothelial growth factor -Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Protein kinase B-Endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (VEGF-Pi3k-Akt-eNOS) were assessed. Results: 1) BP and HR of BFRT decreased significantly, Ejection fraction (EF) and Fraction shortening (FS) increased, and the effect of BFRT on lowering BP and HR was better than that of other groups (p < 0.05); 2) The expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, p-VEGFR2, Pi3k, Akt, p-Akt, eNOS and p-eNOS in the myocardium of the BFRT was significantly upregulated, and eNOS expression was significantly higher than other groups (p < 0 05); 3) the expression of VEGF in the blood of the BFRT was significantly upregulated, higher than SHR-SED, lower than HIRT (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between BFRT and LIRT(p > 0.05); 4) the capillary density in the myocardium of BFRT was significantly higher than other exercise groups (p < 0 05). Conclusion: Blood flow-restricted low resistance training can activate the VEGF-Pi3k-Akt-eNOS pathway, upregulate the expression of VEGF in blood, improve microvascular rarefaction, and promote myocardial microvascular circulation, thereby improving cardiac function and lowering blood pressure, achieving the preventive effect of early hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Tan
- College of Sports Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ying Pan
- Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China
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7
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Dardi P, Perazza LR, Couto GK, Campos GP, Capettini LDSA, Rossoni LV. Vena cava presents endothelial dysfunction prior to thoracic aorta in heart failure: the pivotal role of nNOS uncoupling/oxidative stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2625-2641. [PMID: 34783347 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arterial endothelial dysfunction has been extensively studied in heart failure (HF). However, little is known about the adjustments shown by the venous system in this condition. Considering that inferior vena cava (VC) tone could influence cardiac performance and HF prognosis, the aim of the present study was to assess the VC and thoracic aorta (TA) endothelial function of HF-post-myocardial infarction (MI) rats, comparing both endothelial responses and signaling pathways developed. Vascular reactivity of TA and VC from HF post-MI and sham operated (SO) rats was assessed with a wire myograph, 4 weeks after coronary artery occlusion surgery. Nitric oxide (NO), H2O2 production and oxidative stress were evaluated in situ with fluorescent probes, while protein expression and dimer/monomer ratio was assessed by Western blot. VC from HF rats presented endothelial dysfunction, while TA exhibited higher acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasodilation when compared with vessels from SO rats. TA exhibited increased ACh-induced NO production due to a higher coupling of endothelial and neuronal NO synthases isoforms (eNOS, nNOS), and enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes. These adjustments, however, were absent in VC of HF post-MI rats, which exhibited uncoupled nNOS, oxidative stress and higher H2O2 bioavailability. Altogether, the present study suggests a differential regulation of endothelial function between VC and TA of HF post-MI rats, most likely due to nNOS uncoupling and compromised antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Dardi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Rossi Perazza
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Kruger Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gianne Paul Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Science, University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Venturini Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Exercise Cuts Both Ways with ROS in Remodifying Innate and Adaptive Responses: Rewiring the Redox Mechanism of the Immune System during Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111846. [PMID: 34829717 PMCID: PMC8615250 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all cellular functions depend on redox reactions, including those of immune cells. However, how redox reactions are rearranged to induce an immune response to the entry of pathogens into the host is a complex process. Understanding this scenario will facilitate identification of the roles of specific types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system. Although the detrimental effect of ROS could support the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system also requires a low level of ROS in order to stimulate various molecular functions. The requirements and functions of ROS vary in different cells, including immune cells. Thus, it is difficult to understand the specific ROS types and their targeting functions. Incomplete transfer of electrons to a specific target, along with failure of the antioxidant response, could result in oxidative-damage-related diseases, and oxidative damage is a common phenomenon in most immune disorders. Exercise is a noninvasive means of regulating ROS levels and antioxidant responses. Several studies have shown that exercise alone boosts immune functions independent of redox reactions. Here, we summarize how ROS target various signaling pathways of the immune system and its functions, along with the possible role of exercise in interfering with immune system signaling.
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Lifestyle-Induced Redox-Sensitive Alterations: Cross-Talk among the RAAS, Antioxidant/Inflammatory Status, and Hypertension. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3080863. [PMID: 34733402 PMCID: PMC8560269 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3080863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of hypertension are closely linked to an unhealthy lifestyle; however, its underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Our aim was to assess the effects of diet and exercise on the elements of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), redox-sensitive parameters, and the expression of the vascular tone regulator endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Male control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats were randomized based on the type of diet (standard chow, high-fat diet: HT, and fructose-enriched diet: HF) and exercise (voluntary wheel-running exercise or lack of exercise). After 12 weeks of experimental period, the concentrations of the RAAS elements, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) concentrations, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 as well as eNOS were measured in the cardiac tissue of WKY and SHRSP rats. We found that the RAAS elements were overactivated under hypertension and were further elevated by HT or HF diet, while HT and HF diet enhanced MPO and TNF-α parameters as well as the expression of pERK1/2; SOD, GSH, and eNOS levels were decreased. These changes occurred in WKKY rats and reached the statistically significant level in SHRSP animals. 12 weeks of exercise compensated the adverse effects of HT and HF via alleviating the concentrations of the RAAS elements and inflammatory markers as well as increasing of antioxidants. Our findings prove that SHRSP rats are more vulnerable to lifestyle changes. Both the type of diet and exercise, as a nonpharmacological therapeutic tool, can have a significant impact on the progression of hypertension.
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Wazzani R, Pallu S, Bourzac C, Ahmaïdi S, Portier H, Jaffré C. Physical Activity and Bone Vascularization: A Way to Explore in Bone Repair Context? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080783. [PMID: 34440527 PMCID: PMC8399402 DOI: 10.3390/life11080783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is widely recognized as a biotherapy by WHO in the fight and prevention of bone diseases such as osteoporosis. It reduces the risk of disabling fractures associated with many comorbidities, and whose repair is a major public health and economic issue. Bone tissue is a dynamic supportive tissue that reshapes itself according to the mechanical stresses to which it is exposed. Physical exercise is recognized as a key factor for bone health. However, the effects of exercise on bone quality depend on exercise protocols, duration, intensity, and frequency. Today, the effects of different exercise modalities on capillary bone vascularization, bone blood flow, and bone angiogenesis remain poorly understood and unclear. As vascularization is an integral part of bone repair process, the analysis of the preventive and/or curative effects of physical exercise is currently very undeveloped. Angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling may constitute a new way for understanding the role of physical activity, especially in fracturing or in the integration of bone biomaterials. Thus, this review aimed to clarify the link between physical activities, vascularization, and bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rkia Wazzani
- Laboratoire APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX, F-80000 Amiens, France; (R.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Stéphane Pallu
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
- UFR Science & Technique, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Céline Bourzac
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
| | - Saïd Ahmaïdi
- Laboratoire APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX, F-80000 Amiens, France; (R.W.); (S.A.)
| | - Hugues Portier
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
- UFR Science & Technique, Université d’Orléans, CEDEX, F-45100 Orléans, France
| | - Christelle Jaffré
- Laboratoire APERE, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CEDEX, F-80000 Amiens, France; (R.W.); (S.A.)
- Laboratoire B3OA, Université de Paris, CEDEX, F-75010 Paris, France; (S.P.); (C.B.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Renin-angiotensin system overactivation in perivascular adipose tissue contributes to vascular dysfunction in heart failure. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:3195-3211. [PMID: 33215657 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) dysfunction is associated with vascular damage in cardiometabolic diseases. Although heart failure (HF)-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, no data have correlated this syndrome with PVAT dysfunction. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether the hyperactivation of the RAS in PVAT participates in the vascular dysfunction observed in rats with HF after myocardial infarction surgery. Wire myograph studies were carried out in thoracic aorta rings in the presence and absence of PVAT. An anticontractile effect of PVAT was observed in the rings of the control rats in the presence (33%) or absence (11%) of endothelium. Moreover, this response was substantially reduced in animals with HF (5%), and acute type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) and type 2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2R) blockade restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT. In addition, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) activity (26%) and angiotensin II levels (51%), as well as the AT1R and AT2R gene expression, were enhanced in the PVAT of rats with HF. Associated with these alterations, HF-induced lower nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress and whitening of the PVAT, which suggests changes in the secretory function of this tissue. The ACE1/angiotensin II/AT1R and AT2R axes are involved in thoracic aorta PVAT dysfunction in rats with HF. These results suggest PVAT as a target in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction in HF and provide new perspectives for the treatment of this syndrome.
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12
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Rossi EM, Ávila RA, Carneiro MTWD, Almenara CCP, Dos Santos L. Chronic Iron Overload Restrains the Benefits of Aerobic Exercise to the Vasculature. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 198:521-534. [PMID: 32124228 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise is a well-recognized effective non-pharmacological therapy for cardiovascular diseases. However, because iron is essential element in many physiological processes including hemoglobin and myoglobin synthesis, thereby playing a role on oxygen transport, many athletes use iron supplement to improve physical performance. Regarding this, iron overload is associated with oxidative stress and damage to various systems, including cardiovascular. Thus, we aimed to identify the vascular effects of aerobic exercise in a rat model of iron overload. Male Wistar rats were treated with 100 mg/kg/day iron-dextran, i.p., 5 days a week for 4 weeks, and then underwent aerobic exercise protocol on a treadmill at moderate intensity, 60 min/day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Exercise reduced vasoconstrictor response of isolated aortic rings by increasing participation of nitric oxide (NO) and reducing oxidative stress, but these benefits to the vasculature were not observed in rats previously subjected to iron overload. The reduced vasoconstriction in the exercised group was reversed by incubation with superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor, suggesting that increased SOD activity by exercise was lost in iron overload rats. Iron overload groups increased serum levels of iron, transferrin saturation, and iron deposition in the liver, gastrocnemius muscle, and aorta, and the catalase was overexpressed in the aorta probably as a compensatory mechanism to the increased oxidative stress. In conclusion, despite the known beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on vasculature, our results indicate that previous iron overload impeded the anticontractile effect mediated by increased NO bioavailability and endogenous antioxidant response due to exercise protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilly Martinelli Rossi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Renata Andrade Ávila
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
- Faculdades Integradas São Pedro (FAESA), Av. Vitória, 2220, Vitoria, ES, 29053-360, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza W D Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Vitoria, ES, 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Camila C P Almenara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Vitoria, ES, 29040-091, Brazil.
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13
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Blanco-Rivero J, Couto GK, Paula SM, Fontes MT, Rossoni LV. Enhanced sympathetic neurotransduction in the superior mesenteric artery in a rat model of heart failure: role of noradrenaline and ATP. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H563-H574. [PMID: 33164582 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is associated with neurohumoral activation, which in turn leads to an increased peripheral resistance. In mesenteric vasculature, perivascular innervation plays relevant role maintaining vascular tonus and resistance. Therefore, we aimed to determine the possible alterations in superior mesenteric artery (SMA) perivascular innervation function in HF rats. HF was induced by coronary artery occlusion in male Wistar rats, and sham-operated (SO) rats were used as controls. After 12 wk, a greater vasoconstrictor response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) was observed in endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded SMA of HF rats. Alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine diminished this response in a higher magnitude in HF than in SO animals. However, the noradrenaline (NA) reuptake inhibitor desipramine increased EFS-induced vasoconstriction more in segments from HF rats. Besides, EFS-induced NA release was greater in HF animals, due to a higher tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity. P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin reduced EFS-induced vasoconstriction only in segments from SO rats, and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) release was lower in HF than in SO. Moreover, nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) enhanced EFS-induced vasoconstriction in a similar extent in both groups. HF was not associated with changes in EFS-induced NO release or the vasodilator response to NO donor sodium nitroprusside. In conclusion, HF postmyocardial infarction enhanced noradrenergic function and diminished purinergic cotransmission in SMA and did not change nitrergic innervation. The net effect was an increased sympathetic participation on the EFS-induced vasoconstriction that could help to understand the neurotransduction involved on the control of vascular tonus in HF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study reinforces the pivotal role of noradrenergic innervation in the regulation of mesenteric vascular tone in a rat model of heart failure. Moreover, our results highlight the counteracting role of ATP and NA reuptake, and help to understand the signaling pathways involved on the control of vascular tonus and resistance in heart failure postmyocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blanco-Rivero
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Research Network in Cardiovascular Diseases (CiberCV), Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute University Hospital la Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele K Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suliana M Paula
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene T Fontes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana V Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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TÖrÖk M, HorvÁth EM, Monori-Kiss A, PÁl É, Gerszi D, Merkely P, Sayour AA, MÁtyÁs C, OlÁh A, Radovits T, Merkely B, Ács N, NÁdasy GL, VÁrbÍrÓ S. Chronic swimming training resulted in more relaxed coronary arterioles in male and enhanced vasoconstrictor ability in female rats. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:489-496. [PMID: 32744049 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training is associated with hypertrophy of left ventricle (LV). The aim of the present study is to evaluate sex differences in the adaptation of the coronary contractile function in physiological left ventricular hypertrophy induced by long-term swim training. METHODS Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: exercised male (ExM), exercised female (ExF), untrained control male (CoM), and untrained control female (CoF). The trained animals underwent a 12-week-long swim training program. After finishing the training program, LV morphology and function were checked by echocardiography. The spontaneous tone, thromboxane (TxA<inf>2</inf>) agonist-induced vascular contractility and non-endothelial dilatation of the isolated intramural coronary resistance artery were examined by pressure microangiometry. The thromboxane receptor (TxA<inf>2</inf>R) protein expression in the wall of coronary arteries was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The LV mass index was significantly higher in the ExM and ExF groups, furthermore the LV mass index was significantly higher in female than in male animals. ExM animals had lower spontaneous tone than ExF. TxA<inf>2</inf> agonist-induced tone was raised only in ExF animals. The resistance coronary artery of exercised male animals had a significantly lower level of TxA<inf>2</inf>R positivity compared to exercised females. CONCLUSIONS Both sexes broaden their range of contractility following chronic swimming, but the vessel tone shifted toward contraction in exercised female rats, while these values shifted toward relaxation in males. These observations underline the significance of identifying potential gender differences in the chronic exercise-induced coronary vascular remodeling in human athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna TÖrÖk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary -
| | - Eszter M HorvÁth
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Monori-Kiss
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva PÁl
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Gerszi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Merkely
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alex A Sayour
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba MÁtyÁs
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila OlÁh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nándor Ács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György L NÁdasy
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs VÁrbÍrÓ
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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15
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da Rosa Santos L, de Araujo SS, Vieira EFDS, Estevam CDS, dos Santos JL, Wichi RB, Lima FB, Carvalho CRO, Aidar FJ, Marçal AC. Effects of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in School Adolescents. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E220. [PMID: 32384612 PMCID: PMC7279337 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The practice of physical exercise, especially resistance exercise, is important for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular risk factors in adult individuals. However, there are few studies on its effects on adolescent individuals. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of applying a 12-week resistance training program on cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents. Materials and Methods: Thus, 122 adolescents aged 13-16 years of both genders participated in the study from school in the city of Lagarto, Sergipe (SE), Brazil, divided into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Group undergoing resistance training (RTG). Blood collection and anthropometric measurements were performed before and after the 12-week resistance training program (RTP). Results: After 12 weeks of the RTP in the adolescents, there was a reduction in the triglyceride variables (9.55%, p = 0.0286), Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) (5.42%, p = 0.0244), non-High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) (5.40%, p = 0.0019), blood glucose (6.71%, p = 0.0040), systolic blood pressure (10.13%, p < 0.0001), as well as an increase in the body weight variable (1.73%, p = 0.0003). Conclusions: It was concluded that a 12-week RTP can prevent and/or alleviate the development of several chronic degenerative diseases in adulthood and that resistance training is important for maintaining the health of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorrany da Rosa Santos
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | - Silvan Silva de Araujo
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
- Secretaria de Estado da Educação, do Esporte e da Cultura (SEED/SE), Aracaju 49075-470, Brazil
| | - Erlânyo Francisco dos Santos Vieira
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | | | - Jymmys Lopes dos Santos
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | - Rogério Brandão Wichi
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49040-780, Brazil; (L.d.R.S.); (S.S.d.A.); (E.F.d.S.V.); (J.L.d.S.); (R.B.W.)
| | - Fábio Bessa Lima
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I (ICB I), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (F.B.L.); (C.R.O.C.)
| | - Carla Roberta Oliveira Carvalho
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas I (ICB I), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (F.B.L.); (C.R.O.C.)
| | - Felipe José Aidar
- Physical Education Department and Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports―GEPEPS, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil;
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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16
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PAULA SULIANAM, FERNANDES TIAGO, COUTO GISELEK, JORDÃO MARIAT, OLIVEIRA EDILAMARM, MICHELINI LISETEC, ROSSONI LUCIANAVENTURINI. Molecular Pathways Involved in Aerobic Exercise Training Enhance Vascular Relaxation. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:2117-2126. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Ogilvie LM, Edgett BA, Huber JS, Platt MJ, Eberl HJ, Lutchmedial S, Brunt KR, Simpson JA. Hemodynamic assessment of diastolic function for experimental models. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H1139-H1158. [PMID: 32216614 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00705.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, the evaluation of cardiac function has focused on systolic function; however, there is a growing appreciation for the contribution of diastolic function to overall cardiac health. Given the emerging interest in evaluating diastolic function in all models of heart failure, there is a need for sensitivity, accuracy, and precision in the hemodynamic assessment of diastolic function. Hemodynamics measure cardiac pressures in vivo, offering a direct assessment of diastolic function. In this review, we summarize the underlying principles of diastolic function, dividing diastole into two phases: 1) relaxation and 2) filling. We identify parameters used to comprehensively evaluate diastolic function by hemodynamics, clarify how each parameter is obtained, and consider the advantages and limitations associated with each measure. We provide a summary of the sensitivity of each diastolic parameter to loading conditions. Furthermore, we discuss differences that can occur in the accuracy of diastolic and systolic indices when generated by automated software compared with custom software analysis and the magnitude each parameter is influenced during inspiration with healthy breathing and a mild breathing load, commonly expected in heart failure. Finally, we identify key variables to control (e.g., body temperature, anesthetic, sampling rate) when collecting hemodynamic data. This review provides fundamental knowledge for users to succeed in troubleshooting and guidelines for evaluating diastolic function by hemodynamics in experimental models of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Ogilvie
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Brittany A Edgett
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.,IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jason S Huber
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew J Platt
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermann J Eberl
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sohrab Lutchmedial
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.,Department of Cardiology, New Brunswick Heart Center, Saint John Regional Hospital, Horizon Health Network, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada.,IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Simpson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,IMPART Investigator Team Canada, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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18
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Wang C, Qiao S, Hong L, Sun J, Che T, An J, Camara AKS. NOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin contributes to anesthetic preconditioning induced myocardial protection in the isolated ex vivo rat heart. Int J Mol Med 2020; 45:615-622. [PMID: 31894305 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Anesthetic preconditioning (APC) may decrease the myocardium injury nearly 50% following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) by enhancing recovery of cardiac function, reducing myocardial enzyme release and lowering infarct size when utilized as pretreatment or posttreatment agents. I/R increases nitric oxide (NO) production through endothelial NO synthase (NOS3) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90). The present study aimed to observe the role of BH4 availability and the association of HSP90 with NOS3 in APC‑mediated cardioprotection against I/R injury. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to no‑flow ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 120 min. Sevoflurane (3.5%) was administered for 15 min followed by a 15 min washout prior to ischemia. 2,4-Diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine (DAHP) or sepiapterin (SP) was administered for 40 min until the onset of ischemia. The results revealed that compared with pre‑ischemic basal levels, BH4 levels decreased and BH2 levels increased following I/R. BH4 levels were significantly increased and BH2 levels were significantly decreased in the APC + I/R hearts compared with the I/R group hearts. The BH4:BH2 ratio in the APC‑treated hearts was also increased compared with that in the I/R group hearts. SP increased the recovery of contractile function and the production of NO, and decreased the production of superoxide anion (O2·‑) in I/R heart, but did not elicit these effects in APC‑treated hearts. DAHP treatment inhibited the APC‑mediated recovery of contractile function, increased O2·‑ levels and decreased NO production, but had no effect in I/R hearts. The cardioprotection of APC was demonstrated to be modulated by the BH4 precursor SP, which increased BH4 levels, or DAHP, which inhibited GTP cyclohydrolase I. Both APC and SP treatments increased the combination of HSP90 and NOS3, which improved the NOS3 activity and function. The results suggested that BH4, which servesas a cofactor for NOS, mediated the resistance of APC to I/R injury by promoting the binding of HSP90 and NOS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Shigang Qiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Tuanjie Che
- Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital of
Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong An
- Institute of Clinical Medicine Research, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215153, P.R. China
| | - Amadou K S Camara
- Department of Anesthesiology and Physiology,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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19
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Santos JLD, Araújo SSD, Silva AMDOE, Lima CA, Vieira Souza LM, Costa RA, Aidar Martins FJ, Voltarelli FA, Estevam CDS, Marçal AC. Ethanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Coutoubea spicata attenuate hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and muscle damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats subjected to resistance exercise training program. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:401-410. [PMID: 31539486 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gentianaceae family (such as Coutoubea spicata) contains iridoids and flavonoids with antidiabetic properties. However, there is no information available about the antidiabetic effects of C. spicata when combined with resistance exercise training (RET). This study evaluated the effects of the ethanolic extract (EE) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of C. spicata on biochemical markers, muscle damage, and oxidative stress in diabetic rats submitted to RET. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were distributed into 4 groups (each group, n = 8) treated with distilled water (TD), EE, EAF, or metformin and submitted to RET. Two groups without the disease (each group, n = 8) (sedentary control and trained control), as well as a sedentary diabetic group (n = 8) were included. Body weight and glycemia were evaluated weekly. After 30 days, lipid/lipoprotein profile, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, muscle damage ((creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)), and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl groups (SH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power) were evaluated. MDA and SH for pancreas, liver, heart, and muscle were evaluated. C. spicata extract and fraction combined with RET recovered body weight and reduced glycemia, muscle damage (CK: 36.83% and 21.45%; LDH: 49.83% and 68.55%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.63%; 59.18%) and improved redox status (MDA: 50.33%, 39.74%; and SH: 53.97%; 76.41%), respectively, when compared with the TD group. C. spicata plus RET promoted anti-hyperglycemic, lipid-reducing, and antioxidant effects in diabetic rats. Novelty C. spicata presents anti-hyperglycemic and lipid-lowering effects potentiated by RET. C. spicata reduces muscle injury and increases antioxidant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jymmys Lopes Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Silvan Silva de Araújo
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Clésio Andrade Lima
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Marques Vieira Souza
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Rôas Araújo Costa
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Azevedo Voltarelli
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil
| | - Charles Dos Santos Estevam
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Carlos Marçal
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
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20
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Asouzu Johnson J, Ihunwo A, Chimuka L, Mbajiorgu EF. Cardiotoxicity in African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) sub-chronically exposed to environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations: Implications for species survival. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 213:105218. [PMID: 31203168 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxic effects of different atrazine concentrations on tadpoles and adult male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis) were assessed in a controlled laboratory environment following 90 days' exposure. The aim was to elucidate the danger of atrazine exposure on the cardiac tissue relative to its critical function of rhythmic contractility, fundamental for optimal blood circulation and homeostasis. Tadpoles and adult frogs were exposed to 0 μg/L (control), 0.01 μg L-1, 200 μg L-1 and 500 μg L-1 concentrations of atrazine for 90 days. Mortality was concenration-dependent and significantly increased in juvenile group (77%, 43%, 23% and 0 respectively for 500 μg L-1, 200 μg L-1, 0.01 μg L-1, and control group). While the mean juvenile heart area decreased concentration-dependently, adult frog mean heart area significantly increased in the 200 μg L-1 group only and mean heart weight change was variable across all exposure levels. Light microscopy of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Mallory-Heidenhain rapid one-step staining techniques on cardiac tissue sections of the juvenile and adult frogs revealed shrinkage of cardiac muscle cells into thin wavy myocytes. Additionally, disorganized branching of muscle fibres with reduced striations were observed in 0.01 μg L-1 and 200 μg L-1 but hypertrophied myocytes, thickened intensely staining myofibrils in the 500 μg L-1 group in juvenile and adult frogs. Significant increase in the mean percentage area of connective tissue in all the treated groups (p < 0.036) were also recorded. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed decreased eNOS localization in cardiac tissue in 200 μg L-1 and 500 μg L-1 of both juvenile and adult group, suggestive of decreased cardiac contractility due to atrazine exposure. The results indicate that environmentally relevant atrazine concentrations cause significant mortality in tadpoles while concentrations ≥200 μg L-1 adversely affect cardiac muscle morphology and may induce functional perturbations in cardiac tissue contractility and consequent dysfunction which generally may have an adverse impact on their survival and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Asouzu Johnson
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Amadi Ihunwo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ejikeme F Mbajiorgu
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, P Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
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21
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Paula SM, Couto GK, Fontes MT, Costa SK, Negrão CE, Mill JG, Rossoni LV. Exercise training restores the myogenic response in skeletal muscle resistance arteries and corrects peripheral edema in rats with heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H87-H96. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00042.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of the myogenic response can affect capillary hydrostatic pressure and contribute to peripheral edema and exercise intolerance, which are markers of heart failure (HF). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of exercise training (ET) on myogenic response in skeletal muscle resistance arteries and peripheral edema in HF rats, focusing on the potential signaling pathways involved in these adjustments. Male Wistar rats were submitted to either coronary artery occlusion or a sham-operated surgery. After 4 wk, an exercise test was performed, and the rats were divided into the following groups: untrained normal control (UNC) and untrained HF (UHF) and exercise- trained (on treadmill, 50–60% of maximal capacity) NC (TNC) and exercise-trained HF (THF). Caudal tibial artery (CTA) myogenic response was impaired in UHF compared with UNC, and ET restored this response in THF to NC levels and increased it in TNC. Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor abolished CTA myogenic response in the untrained and blunted it in exercise-trained groups. CTA-stored calcium (Ca2+) mobilization was higher in exercise-trained rats compared with untrained rats. The paw volume was higher in UHF rats, and ET decreased this response compared with UNC. Myogenic constriction was positively correlated with maximal running distance and negatively correlated with paw volume. The results demonstrate, for the first time, that HF impairs the myogenic response in skeletal muscle arteries, which contributes to peripheral edema in this syndrome. ET restores the myogenic response in skeletal muscle arteries improving Ca2+ sensitization and handling. Additionally, this paradigm also improves peripheral edema and exercise intolerance. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novel and main finding of the present study is that moderate intensity exercise training restores the impaired myogenic response of skeletal muscle resistance arteries, exercise intolerance and peripheral edema in rats with heart failure. These results also show for the first time to our knowledge that exercise training improving calcium sensitization through the ROCK pathway and enhancing intracellular calcium handling could contribute to restoration of flow autoregulation to skeletal muscle in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliana M. Paula
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele K. Couto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene T. Fontes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Soraia K. Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos E. Negrão
- Heart Institute, Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José G. Mill
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Rossoni
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Sharma NM, Liu X, Llewellyn TL, Katsurada K, Patel KP. Exercise training augments neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimerization in the paraventricular nucleus of rats with chronic heart failure. Nitric Oxide 2019; 87:73-82. [PMID: 30878404 PMCID: PMC6527363 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exercise training (ExT) is an established non-pharmacological therapy that improves the health and quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Exaggerated sympathetic drive characterizes CHF due to an imbalance of the autonomic nervous system. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) produce nitric oxide (NO•), which is known to regulate the sympathetic tone. Previously we have shown that during CHF, the catalytically active dimeric form of nNOS is significantly decreased with a concurrent increase in protein inhibitor of nNOS (PIN) expression, a protein that dissociates dimeric nNOS to monomers and facilitates its degradation. Dimerization of nNOS also requires (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) for stability and activity. Previously, we have shown that ExT improves NO-mediated sympathetic inhibition in the PVN; however, the molecular mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesized; ExT restores the sympathetic drive by increasing the levels and catalytically active form of nNOS by abrogating changes in the PIN in the PVN of CHF rats. CHF was induced in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats by coronary artery ligation, which reliably mimics CHF in patients with myocardial infarction. After 4 weeks of surgery, Sham and CHF rats were subjected to 3 weeks of progressive treadmill exercise. ExT significantly (p < 0.05) decreased PIN expression and increased dimer/monomer ratio of nNOS in the PVN of rats with CHF. Moreover, we found decreased GTP cyclohydrolase 1(GCH1) expression: a rate-limiting enzyme for BH4 biosynthesis in the PVN of CHF rats suggesting that perhaps reduced BH4 availability may also contribute to decreased nNOS dimers. Interestingly, CHF induced decrease in GCH1 expression was increased with ExT. Our findings revealed that ExT rectified decreased PIN and GCH1 expression and increased dimer/monomer ratio of nNOS in the PVN, which may lead to increase NO• bioavailability resulting in amelioration of activated sympathetic drive during CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeru M Sharma
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA.
| | - Xuefei Liu
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Tamra L Llewellyn
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Kenichi Katsurada
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
| | - Kaushik P Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UNMC, Omaha, NE 68198-5850, USA
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23
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Daiber A, Xia N, Steven S, Oelze M, Hanf A, Kröller-Schön S, Münzel T, Li H. New Therapeutic Implications of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (eNOS) Function/Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010187. [PMID: 30621010 PMCID: PMC6337296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Global Burden of Disease Study identified cardiovascular risk factors as leading causes of global deaths and life years lost. Endothelial dysfunction represents a pathomechanism that is associated with most of these risk factors and stressors, and represents an early (subclinical) marker/predictor of atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress is a trigger of endothelial dysfunction and it is a hall-mark of cardiovascular diseases and of the risk factors/stressors that are responsible for their initiation. Endothelial function is largely based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function and activity. Likewise, oxidative stress can lead to the loss of eNOS activity or even “uncoupling” of the enzyme by adverse regulation of well-defined “redox switches” in eNOS itself or up-/down-stream signaling molecules. Of note, not only eNOS function and activity in the endothelium are essential for vascular integrity and homeostasis, but also eNOS in perivascular adipose tissue plays an important role for these processes. Accordingly, eNOS protein represents an attractive therapeutic target that, so far, was not pharmacologically exploited. With our present work, we want to provide an overview on recent advances and future therapeutic strategies that could be used to target eNOS activity and function in cardiovascular (and other) diseases, including life style changes and epigenetic modulations. We highlight the redox-regulatory mechanisms in eNOS function and up- and down-stream signaling pathways (e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism and soluble guanylyl cyclase/cGMP pathway) and their potential pharmacological exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alina Hanf
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Swenja Kröller-Schön
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I-Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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24
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Santana MNS, Souza DS, Miguel-Dos-Santos R, Rabelo TK, Vasconcelos CMLD, Navia-Pelaez JM, Jesus ICGD, Silva-Neto JAD, Lauton-Santos S, Capettini LDSA, Guatimosim S, Rogers RG, Santos MRVD, Santana-Filho VJ, Mesquita TRR. Resistance exercise mediates remote ischemic preconditioning by limiting cardiac eNOS uncoupling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 125:61-72. [PMID: 30339842 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently viewed as a complementary non-pharmacological intervention for preventing cardiac disorders, long-term aerobic training produces cardioprotection through remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) mechanisms. However, RIPC triggered by acute exercise remains poorly understood. Although resistance exercise (RE) has been highly recommended by several public health guidelines, there is no evidence showing that RE mediates RIPC. Hence, we investigated whether RE induces cardiac RIPC through nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Acute RE at 40% of the maximal load augmented systemic nitrite levels, associated with increased cardiac eNOS phosphorylation, without affecting nNOS activity. Using an experimental model of myocardial infarction (MI) through ischemia-reperfusion (IR), RE fully prevented the loss of cardiac contractility and the extent of MI size compared to non-exercised (NE) rats. Moreover, RE mitigated aberrant ST-segment and reduced life-threatening arrhythmias induced by IR. Importantly, inhibition of NOS abolished the RE-mediated cardioprotection. After IR, NE rats showed increased cardiac eNOS activity, associated with reduced dimer/monomer ratio. Supporting the pivotal role of eNOS coupling during MI, non-exercised rats displayed a marked generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative-induced carbonylation of proteins, whereas RE prevented these responses. We validated our data demonstrating a restoration of physiological ROS levels in NE + IR cardiac sections treated with BH4, a cofactor oxidatively depleted during eNOS uncoupling, while cardiac ROS generation from exercised rats remained unchanged, suggesting no physiological needs of supplemental eNOS cofactors. CONCLUSION Together, our findings strongly indicate that RE mediates RIPC by limiting eNOS uncoupling and mitigates myocardial IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Santos Souza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julio Alves da Silva-Neto
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Russell G Rogers
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States
| | | | | | - Thássio Ricardo Ribeiro Mesquita
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Smidt Heart Institute, Los Angeles, United States.
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