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Seo MW, Lee S, Jung HC. Impact of supra-maximal interval training vs. high-intensity interval training on cardiac auto-regulation response in physically active adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-023-05402-1. [PMID: 38244043 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the impact of supra-maximal interval training (SMIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac auto-regulation response. METHODS Physically active young adults volunteered to participate in the study with a randomized cross-over counterbalanced design (N = 12). HIIT sessions consisted of 20 bouts of 10 s of exercise followed by 50 s of recovery, totaling 20 min at two different intensities; "all-out (SMIT)" vs. "115-130% Wmax (HIIT)". The cardiac auto-regulation included heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular function. HRV and vascular function were measured at baseline and five different time points after acute exercise. RESULTS The SMIT was higher in workload (31%), peak heart rate (28%), and rate of perceived exertion (40%) compared with HIIT (all p < 0.001). The R-R interval, NN50, and pNN50 measured until 60 min after acute exercise was higher in the HIIT compared with SMIT (all p < 0.05). The SMIT elicited a greater shift in ln LF/HF ratio immediately after acute exercise (3802%, p < 0.01) and induced a decrease in bilateral ba-PWV at the time point 5 min after acute exercise, persisting until 65 min after (p < 0.05). Yet, HIIT showed no change over time in the frequency domain of HRV and blood vascular tone after cessation of acute exercise. CONCLUSION Our findings confirmed that SMIT is a more potent modulator of the autonomic nervous system compared with HIIT. Further study is needed to monitor through complete recovery to baseline, to understand acute cardiac auto-regulation response after cessation of various exercise intensities identical interval training protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Sports and Leisure Studies, College of Physical Education, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukho Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Seo MW, Eum Y, Jung HC. Leisure time physical activity: a protective factor against metabolic syndrome development. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2449. [PMID: 38062414 PMCID: PMC10701969 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity (PA) is a modifiable factor in preventing/treating cardiometabolic disease. However, no studies have yet compared specific moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) domains with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in detail. Here, the present study was conducted to examine the impact of different MVPA domains (leisure-time PA (LTPA) vs. occupational PA (OPA) vs. total MVPA) on the risk of MetS in Korean adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the 2014 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed (N = 31,558). MetS was defined according to the criteria by revised NCEP/ATP-III. The domain-specific MVPA was assessed using the K-GPAQ. The LTPA and OPA status were classified into four categories: (1) 0 min/week, (2) 1 to 149 min/week, (3) 150 to 299 min/week, and 4) ≥ 300 min/week. In addition, the present study calculated total MVPA as a sum of OPA and LTPA and further classified it into six groups; (1) 0 min/week, (2) 1 to 149 min/week, (3) 150 to 299 min/week, (4) 300 to 449 min/week, (5) 450 to 599 min/week, 6) ≥ 600 min/week. RESULTS The ≥ 300 min/week and the 150 to 299 min/week of LTPA showed better outcomes in cardiometabolic disease risk factors and surrogate markers of insulin resistance compared with the 0 min/week of LTPA regardless of adiposity status. Risk of MetS in ≥ 300 min/week of LTPA was lower than in 0 min/week, 1 to 149 min/week, and 150 to 299. In addition, LTPA was significantly associated with a risk of the MetS in a curvilinear dose-response curve, however, no significant effects of a non-linear relationship between OPA and risk of the MetS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed that LTPA was associated with a risk of MetS with a dose-response curve, whereas no significant non-linear effects were found between OPA and the risk of MetS. Therefore, the MVPA domain is an independent factor of the risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Departments of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Youngseob Eum
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yoinin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HB, Seo MW, Jung HC. Effects of Aerobic vs. Resistance Exercise on Vascular Function and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Older Women. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2479. [PMID: 37761675 PMCID: PMC10530817 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of exercise (aerobic vs. resistance) on vascular function and vascular endothelial growth factor in older women. Forty-three older women, aged 65-75 years old, voluntarily participated in this study. All participants were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups: aerobic exercise (AE; n = 14), resistance exercise (RE; n = 15), and control (CG; n = 14) groups. All participants in the exercise groups performed their respective exercises for 60 min/day, three days/week, for 16 weeks. The intensity of aerobic and resistance exercises was determined using the individual heart rate reserve (40-60%) and RPE (12-13), respectively. The vascular function test included the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), carotid artery blood flow volume, and velocity. Participants' blood samples were collected to analyze the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). A significance level of 0.05 was set. Our results showed that ba-PWV improved following both AE (14.5%) and RE groups (11.1%) (all p < 0.05). Increases in carotid blood flow volume (AE: 15.4%, RE: 18.6%) and total artery peak velocity (AE: 20.4%, RE: 17%) were observed in AE and RE groups (p < 0.05), while flow total artery mean velocity (36.2%) and peak velocities (20.5%) were only increased in the aerobic exercise group (p < 0.05). VEGF was increased after resistance exercise (p < 0.05). Overall, aerobic exercise provides greater benefits on vascular function than resistance exercise but further research is needed on VEGF regarding whether this change is associated with vascular function improvement in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bae Kim
- Department of Korean Sports Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan-si 38610, Gyengsanbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Departments of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Seo MW, Eum Y, Jung HC. Increased risk of cardiometabolic disease in normal-weight individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:390-397. [PMID: 37775401 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with obesity, but there is increasing evidence that not all individuals who are overweight/obese also develop NAFLD. Currently, it is unclear whether normal-weight (Nw) individuals with NAFLD have a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease risk compared with individual sub-groups (Nw and Obesity [Ob]) of non-NAFLD. AIMS This study aimed to compare the cardiometabolic profiles, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes between Nw vs. Ob with non-NAFLD vs. NAFLD. METHODS This study utilized the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys collected from 2019 to 2021. Individuals were stratified into Nw vs. Ob categories and further divided into non-NAFLD and NAFLD groups based on the hepatic steatosis index and liver fat score (N = 6615). RESULTS The prevalence of non-NAFLD Nw, non-NAFLD Ob, NAFLD Nw, and NAFLD Ob groups was 36%, 20%, 7%, and 37%, respectively. NAFLD Nw vs. non-NAFLD Ob manifests deteriorated cardiometabolic disease risk profiles and surrogate markers of insulin resistance despite having higher weight, waist circumference, and BMI. In addition, compared to non-NAFLD Nw, individuals with NAFLD Nw had a significantly higher risk of CVDs (738%, p < .001) and diabetes (408%, p < .001), with no difference between NAFLD Nw and NAFLD Ob groups. CONCLUSIONS Cardiometabolic disease risk is more closely related to NAFLD developments than adiposity status. Therefore, not all overweight/obese individuals have a higher cardiometabolic disease risk, and NAFLD in Nw is an aggressive disease that is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk compared with Ob individuals without NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Departments of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Youngseob Eum
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yoinin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Seo MW, Gann J, Lee JM, Heffernan KS, Kim JY, Jung HC. Potential impact of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in US firefighters. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1150121. [PMID: 37304116 PMCID: PMC10248177 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1150121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Among US firefighters, sudden cardiac arrest and psychological stress (i.e., PTSD) are the leading cause of on-duty death. Metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) may influence both cardiometabolic and cognitive health. Here, we examined differences in cardiometabolic disease risk factors, cognitive function, and physical fitness in US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn. Materials and methods One hundred fourteen male firefighters, aged 20 to 60 years, participated in the study. US firefighters with MetSyn vs. non-MetSyn were divided by AHA/NHLBI criteria. Of them, we performed a paired-match analysis with respect to the age and BMI of firefighters with (n = 18) vs. without MetSyn (n = 18). The cardiometabolic disease risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose, blood lipid profiles [HDL-C, triglyceride (TG)], and surrogate markers of insulin resistance [TG/HDL-C, TG glucose index (TyG)]. The cognitive test included a psychomotor vigilance task as a measure of reaction time and a delayed-match-to-sample task (DMS) as a measure of memory, using the computer-based Psychological Experiment Building Language Version 2.0 program. The differences between MetSyn and non-MetSyn groups in US firefighters were analyzed using an independent t-test adjusted for age and BMI. In addition, Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple regression were conducted. Results US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited severe insulin resistance estimated by TG/HDL-C and TyG (Cohen's d > 0.8, all p < 0.01) compared with their age- and BMI-matched counterparts without MetSyn. In addition, US firefighters with MetSyn exhibited higher DMS total time and reaction time compared with non-MetSyn (Cohen's d > 0.8, all p < 0.01). In stepwise linear regression, HDL-C predicted DMS total time (β = - 0.440, R2 = 0.194, p < 0.05), and TyG (β = 0.432, R2 = 0.186, p < 0.05) predicted DMS reaction time. Conclusion US firefighters with vs. without MetSyn were predisposed to metabolic risk factors, surrogate markers of insulin resistance, and cognitive function, even when matched for age and BMI, and there was a negative association between metabolic characteristics and cognitive function in US firefighters. The findings of this study suggest that the prevention of MetSyn may be beneficial to supporting firefighters' safety and occupational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Joshua Gann
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Allied Health, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA, United States
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin S. Heffernan
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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Seo MW, Lee JM, Jung HC. Prevalence of combined metabolic health and weight status by various diagnosis criteria and association with cardiometabolic disease in Korean adults. Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:137-143. [PMID: 37024380 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiometabolic disease prevalence and risk factors between individuals categorized as metabolically unhealthy and healthy (MU vs. MH), with normal-weight and obesity (Nw vs. Ob), according to different established criteria for combined metabolic health and weight status; and to assess the optimal metabolic health diagnostic classifications to predict cardiometabolic disease risk factors. Data were obtained from the 2019 and 2020 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. We applied the nine accepted metabolic health diagnostic classification criteria. Statistical analysis was applied to frequency, multiple logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. The prevalence of MHNw ranged from 24.6% to 53.9%, MUNw from 3.7% to 37.9%, MHOb from 3.4% to 25.9%, and MUOb from 16.3% to 39.1%. For hypertension, the MUNw had an increased risk ranging from 1.90 to 3.24 times compared with MHNw; MHOb ranged from 1.84 to 3.76 times; MUOb ranged from 4.18 to 6.97 times (all p < .05). For dyslipidemia, the MUNw had an increased risk ranging from 1.33 to 2.25 times compared with MHNw; MHOb ranged from 1.47 to 2.33 times; MUOb ranged from 2.31 to 2.67 times (all p < .05). For diabetes, the MUNw had an increased risk ranging from 2.27 to 11.93 times compared with MHNW; MHOb ranged from 1.36 to 1.95 times; MUOb ranged from 3.60 to 18.45 times (all p < .05). Our study findings revealed that AHA/NHLBI-02 and NCEP-02 can be the best diagnostic classifications criteria for cardiometabolic diseases risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sports & Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, USA
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea; Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea; Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, South Korea.
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Lee M, Jung HC, Jung J, Chung YH, Seo Y, Koo BS, Chae WS. Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with central airway obstruction due to an endotracheal mass. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221133688. [PMID: 36324254 PMCID: PMC9634195 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221133688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assists blood circulation and gas
exchange via a heart–lung machine. ECMO is used mainly in intensive care units
as bridging therapy until heart and respiratory failure can be addressed or
until transplantation can be performed. ECMO is sometimes used during surgery
under general anaesthesia, depending on the patient’s underlying diseases and
the nature of the operation. If the oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal
capacity are limited, venovenous (VV)-ECMO can be helpful. Here, we describe the
use of VV-ECMO for surgical resection of an endotracheal mass through rigid
bronchoscopy in a patient who developed decompensating dyspnoea due to central
airway obstruction (CAO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Misoon Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Jung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Hoon Chung
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - YongHan Seo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Sung Koo
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Chae
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim Y, Kim J, Lee JM, Seo DC, Jung HC. Intergenerational Taekwondo Program: A Narrative Review and Practical Intervention Proposal. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19095247. [PMID: 35564642 PMCID: PMC9101663 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Taekwondo is a modernized martial art that includes various combinations of hand and kicking techniques and core values of Taekwondo philosophy such as courtesy, mutual respect, and self-control. Physical inactivity is highly prevalent among older adults and is a major contributor to health-related problems. Intergenerational physical activity programs are used as an effective tool to make a positive connection between generations and provide additional health benefits for both generations. This review study aimed to examine the theories of intergenerational physical activity programs and propose the Intergenerational Taekwondo Program (ITP). Various theories such as the transtheoretical model, contact theory, social capital theory, situated learning theory, human development theory, personality theory, and whole-person wellness model have been adopted in intergenerational physical activity programs. Our review suggests that to develop the Intergenerational Taekwondo Program, instructors should (1) establishing common goals, (2) understand differences in physical and mental abilities, and (3) offer incentives to encourage participants in physical activity programs. The proposed ITP program has the potential to not just provide unique inherent values and improving physical functions, but also to form generational connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseop Kim
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street #111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street #111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; (Y.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Dong-Chul Seo
- Department of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, 1025 E 7th Street #111, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2734; Fax: +82-31-204-8117
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Ji JY, Ahn JM, Chung JH, Kim NS, Seo YH, Jung HS, Chun HR, Kim WJ, Park CH, Choi JS, Jung HC, Park JS. Spinal Intradural Hematoma after Spinal Anesthesia in a Young Male Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19084845. [PMID: 35457712 PMCID: PMC9030408 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Spinal intradural hematoma (SIH) is a rare condition which can cause neurological sequelae such as permanent motor weakness and sensory loss in the lower extremities. Herein, we describe a case of SIH following spinal anesthesia. The patient was a 30-year-old man who underwent treatment for accessory navicular syndrome at our department. The patient was not receiving anticoagulation therapy, and spinal anesthesia was thus selected. No symptoms of hematoma were observed in the immediate postoperative period, but the patient complained of pain in both buttocks on postoperative day 5. However, neither motor weakness nor sensory loss were observed. Additionally, as the radiating pain extending to the lower extremities typical of neurological pain was not observed, musculoskeletal pain was suspected. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed intradural hematomas at L4-5 and S1. Conservative treatment and follow-up evaluations were performed to ensure that additional neurological sequelae did not occur. Six months after symptom onset, his pain Numeric Rating Scale score was 0, and no other neurological findings were observed. However, in patients who undergo spinal anesthesia, localized pain in the back without other neurological symptoms and lack of radiating pain may be associated with more than musculoskeletal pain. Such patients must be continuously monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-570-2823
| | - Jae Min Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Jin Hun Chung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Nan Seol Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Yong Han Seo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Ho Soon Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Hea Rim Chun
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Woo Jong Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Radiology, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea;
| | - Jeong Soo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
| | - Jin Soo Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, 31, Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongam-gu, Cheonan 31151, Korea; (J.H.C.); (N.S.K.); (Y.H.S.); (H.S.J.); (H.R.C.); (J.S.C.); (H.C.J.); (J.S.P.)
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10
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Jung HC, Moon JH, Cho KT. Rapid Spontaneous Resolution of Contralateral Lentiform Acute Subdural Hematoma After Burr Hole Trephination for Chronic Subdural Hematoma. Korean J Neurotrauma 2022; 18:75-82. [PMID: 35557651 PMCID: PMC9064745 DOI: 10.13004/kjnt.2022.18.e15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although rare, acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) may occur after burr hole trephination (BHT) for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). It usually occurs in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the burr hole site and rarely in the hemisphere contralateral to the burr hole site. On computed tomography (CT), SDH is usually crescent-shaped and occasionally lentiform or biconvex, which can be misdiagnosed as epidural hematoma (EDH). In rare cases, ASDH may resolve spontaneously and rapidly. Here, we report a case of rapid spontaneous resolution of contralateral lentiform ASDH after BHT for CSDH in a patient with brain atrophy. A 55-year-old man developed left CSDH 2 months after traumatic brain injury. Left BHT was performed, and a lentiform hematoma, presumed to be EDH, was found in the right frontal region on the CT scan acquired immediately after BHT. On the CT scan acquired 12 hours later, the lentiform hematoma disappeared and spread along the hemisphere. It was presumed to be ASDH. To prevent contralateral ASDH after BHT, slow decompression and minimal gentle or no irrigation should be performed during BHT, particularly in patients with brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jung Hyeon Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Seo MW, Lee JM, Jung HC, Kim JY, Song JK. Identification of the
optimal hiit protocol for fatigue resistance in adolescent athletes. KINESIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.26582/k.54.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The combat sports athletes developed great gains in both muscular function and fatigue resistance by utilizing high-intensity interval training (HIIT). However, it has not fully investigated whether the different work-to-rest ratios of HIIT show the effectiveness on muscle function in adolescent athletes. The purpose of the study was to compare different work-to-rest ratios by applying different rest times in response to the identical work time during HIIT on muscle function in adolescent Taekwondo athletes. Forty-seven adolescent male Taekwondo athletes (age: 16.7±0.8 years) were randomly assigned to the control group (n=11) vs. three HIIT groups by work-to-rest ratios; 1) 1:2 [30s:60s] (n=12), 2) 1:4 [30s:120s] (n=12), and 3) 1:8 [30s:240s] (n=12). All groups completed 10 experimental sessions over four weeks, while the control group maintained their regular Taekwondo training. Muscular functions were measured by assessing isokinetic muscle strength and endurance of the knee extensor and flexor. The participants performed three sets of twenty maximal extension and flexion contractions at 120°s-1 with a 1-min interval between the sets for fatigue resistance. Blood samples were collected to measure free-testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, and urea as stress-to-recovery indicators. A positive effect on improving muscle fatigue resistance was observed at the first set of assessments in the HIIT with 1:4 (Δ10.2%, p<.05) and 1:8 groups (Δ8.6%, p<.05). Additionally, the 1:4 group exhibited fatigue improvement in the second set (Δ7.7%, p<.01) without any changes of stress-to-recovery indicators, while the other groups did not show any improvement. The 30s all-out with 120s rest time, lasting over a brief 4-week period, improved their fatigue resistance. A certain amount of rest time between high-intense movements is required to optimize muscle development in adolescent athletes compared with insufficient rest time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Sports Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Jong Koon Song
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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12
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Alansare AB, Hayman J, Lee JM, Seo MW, Yoo D, Jung HC. The Efficacy of a Calamansi-Containing Energy Drink on Running Performance and Recovery in NCAA Division I Middle-Distance Runners: A Preliminary Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111023. [PMID: 34769545 PMCID: PMC8583630 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a non-caffeinated energy drink (ED) that contained calamansi juice, glucose, and taurine on 3-km running performance and recovery. Eleven NCAA Division I middle-distance runners (20.8 ± 1.5 years old) were randomly assigned to consume either the ED or a placebo drink 60 min before 3-km running on a 400-m official track. Performance time and speed were recorded every 500-m interval. Recovery blood lactate concentration (BLC), systolic (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline, 60-min after ingesting the drinks, and post-running measurements were performed at 1-min, 5-min, and 10-min. Repeated analysis of variance and paired t-test were applied to examine the effects of time, trials, and their interaction on performance and recovery. Statistical significance was set a priori at p < 0.05. No significant difference was observed in performance time and speed between trials (p < 0.05). No interaction effect was found on performance time, speed, recovery BLC, DBP, and HR (p < 0.05). However, an interaction effect for trial by time was observed on SBP (p = 0.01). Recovery SBP continues to decrease from 5-min to 10-min in the ED trial (∆ = -13.9 mmHg) and slightly increased in the placebo trial (∆ = 1.1 mmHg). This study suggests that acute consumption of a calamansi-containing ED can positively impact the SBP recovery but not running performance. Further studies are needed to examine the acute and chronic effects of this ED on exercise performance and recovery among different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah B. Alansare
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, King Khalid Rd., Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Josh Hayman
- Athletic Department, Mercer University, 1501 Mercer University Dr., Macon, GA 31207, USA;
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA;
| | - Deoksu Yoo
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Korea;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Global Campus, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2734
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13
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Park JH, Seo MW, Jung HC, Song JK, Lee JM. Association between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Respiratory Diseases in Adolescents: An Age- and Gender-Matched Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18126655. [PMID: 34205703 PMCID: PMC8296502 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the differences in health-related physical fitness (HRPF), physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) between adolescents with and without ongoing respiratory diseases (RD). This study's participants were from 12 to 15 years old (7th-10th grade) in South Korea. Adolescents with RD were selected through RD-related questions (i.e., asthma, rhinitis, sinusitis, and bronchitis) (n = 139); in contrast, adolescents without RD, randomly selected from the general group, responded to any health problem-related questions as "No" (n = 139). HRPF was measured based on the FITNESSGRAM and EURO FIT test batteries and the measurements of HRPF included cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. All statistical analyses were conducted by SPSS 25.0, and the independent t-test was used to compare the HRPF and PA between the two groups. Moreover, the measured HRPF was compared with a series of analyses of three-way ANOVAs (age × gender × group). Adolescents with RD had a positive association with less participation in PA (p < 0.05; RD: 3081.81 ± 4793.37; general: 2073.64 ± 3123.47) and with more time spent on SB (above 12 h per week: RD group (38.85%) and general group (33.09%)). Furthermore, adolescents in the RD group showed significant effects on all components of HRPF (p < 0.05). Our study confirmed that HRPF is an essential predictor of adolescents' health outcomes, especially for those with RD. We suggest that increased HRPF can be an effective treatment for respiratory diseases in adolescents, and health practitioners should pay more attention to helping adolescents with RD to gain or maintain high HRPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global CAMPUS), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.-W.S.); (J.-K.S.)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jong-Kook Song
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global CAMPUS), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.-W.S.); (J.-K.S.)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Sports Science Research Center, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence:
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14
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Park JH, Yoo E, Seo MW, Jung HC, Lee JM. Association between Physical Activity and Respiratory Diseases in Adolescents: An Age- and Gender-Matched Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041397. [PMID: 33546335 PMCID: PMC7913582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to examine the impacts of allergic respiratory diseases on physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors (SB), and body mass index (BMI) by matching age and gender with those adolescents without allergic respiratory diseases. This present study analyzed data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS). Among 57,303 Korean adolescents who responded to the survey, the study divided adolescents into three different groups (i.e., general, asthma, and allergic rhinitis group). Asthma and allergic rhinitis groups included adolescents who checked on asthma- or allergic rhinitis-related questions as ‘yes’ (n = 259, n = 259), but the general group responded to any diseases-related question as ‘no’ (n = 259). The age and gender of participants among the three groups were matched. The results showed weight and BMI were significantly higher in asthma and allergic rhinitis groups compared to the general group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Furthermore, age, asthma, and allergic rhinitis were observed to be strong risk factors for predicting obesity in adolescents (BMI, >25.0 kg/m2). In addition, this study found allergic respiratory diseases strong impacts on BMI levels because adolescents with ongoing asthma, or allergic rhinitis symptoms were more likely to have the inevitability of further weight gain compared to the general adolescents. Therefore, not only national interest in adolescents with allergic respiratory disease is essential, but PA should be encouraged to prevent and alleviate these diseases due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Physical Education, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Eunhye Yoo
- Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanakro, Gwanakgu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si 17014, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Woodgate MA, Gann JJ, Hey W, Jung HC. Morphological and Physical Profile of a Collegiate Water Skier. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18031150. [PMID: 33525479 PMCID: PMC7908322 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine morphological and physical fitness profile in collegiate water skiers and to identify the potential morphological and physical fitness factors, important for success in the slalom, trick, and jump events. Twenty collegiate water skiers were subject to anthropometric, somatotype measurements and a battery of physical tests inclusive of water ski-specific fitness variables. An independent t-test was used to compare the gender differences of dependent variables. Partial correlation and linear regression analyses were used to identify the factors that are associated with water ski performance. Male water skiers were lower in endomorphic component and better in power, speed, and cardiorespiratory fitness than female water skiers (p < 0.05). Somatotype such as mesomorphic (r = -0.48) and ectomorphic components (r = -0.60), sum of hand-grip strength (r = 0.98), and muscular endurance including posterior extension (r = 0.59) and left lateral flexion (r = 0.63) were significantly correlated with water skiing performance score (p < 0.05). The results of regression analyses showed that mesomorphic component (r2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), sum of hand-grip strength (r2 = 0.95, p = 0.001), and muscular endurance (r2 = 0.30, p = 0.03), appear to be crucial factors associated with water ski performance in slalom, trick (hands pass), and the jump events, respectively. Our study suggests that different morphological and fitness components are required to succeed in each tournament water skiing event. Coaches and athletes can utilize the battery of physical tests and design a specialized training regimen for each tournament water skiing event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Woodgate
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Ave Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (M.A.W.); (J.J.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Joshua J. Gann
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Ave Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (M.A.W.); (J.J.G.); (W.H.)
| | - William Hey
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Ave Monroe, Monroe, LA 71209, USA; (M.A.W.); (J.J.G.); (W.H.)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Global Campus, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2734
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16
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Park JH, Seo MW, Jung HC, Lee JM. Let's Live Healthier: The Relationship between Suicidal Behavior and Physical Activity in an Age-, Gender-, and Body Mass Index-Matched Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17228350. [PMID: 33187377 PMCID: PMC7698308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the association between physical activity (PA) and predictors of suicidal behaviors and to investigate whether the different PA measurements influence the association between PA and suicidal behaviors in South Korean adults. This study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014–2015 data. The study selected participants who checked suicide-related questions as “Yes” (n = 99) and checked suicide-related questions as “No” (n = 99) in the questionnaire. The age, gender, and body mass index of participants between the two groups were matched. The moderate to vigorous PA (p = 0.000) and sedentary PA (p = 0.000), measured by accelerometers, were a significant risk factor for suicidal behaviors. Furthermore, the number of steps was a considerable difference between the two groups (healthy group: 61,495.76 steps; suicide group: 40,517.34 steps), and the accelerometer and questionnaire also showed significant differences. The study demonstrated that there were significant associations with physical activity and socioeconomic status and suicidal behaviors in anthropometry (i.e., age, gender, height, weight) matched groups. Additionally, this study highlights the importance of the assessment of PAs, and increasing PA levels could reduce the incidence of suicidal behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
| | - Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Seo MW, Jung SW, Kim SW, Jung HC, Kim DY, Song JK. Comparisons of Muscle Quality and Muscle Growth Factor Between Sarcopenic and Non-Sarcopenic Older Women. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17186581. [PMID: 32927586 PMCID: PMC7558172 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, an age-related disease, is one of the important health problems in the elderly and the prevalence of sarcopenia is rapidly increased among the Korean population. This study examined the muscle quality and muscle growth factors of elderly women to identify the potential diagnostic tool for sarcopenia. One hundred and thirty-six elderly women, aged over 65 years old, initially enrolled, but only 59 participants who met the criteria (sarcopenic group, n = 27; non-sarcopenic group, n = 32) completed the study. Muscle quality assessment included thigh cross-sectional computed tomography scan and maximal isometric muscle strength. Muscle growth factors such as GDF-15, myostatin, activin A, and follistatin were analyzed, and a battery of Senior Fitness Test was used to examine functional fitness. The statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Elderly women with sarcopenia had a lower thigh muscle volume (-20.1%), and a higher thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (15.8%) than those of the non-sarcopenic group (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in muscle growth factors were observed between the groups. Muscle quality variables including maximal voluntary isometric contraction (OR: 0.968, p < 0.001), relative maximal voluntary isometric contraction (OR: 0.989, p < 0.05), thigh muscle volume (OR: 0.836, p < 0.001), and thigh intermuscular adipose tissue (OR: 1.138, p < 0.05) were associated with a risk of sarcopenia. Our findings suggest that the sarcopenic group exhibits a poor thigh muscle quality in comparison with the non-sarcopenic group. Muscle quality assessment can be utilized for sarcopenia identification, but our study remains inconclusive for the causality of muscle growth factors in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
| | - Sung-Woo Jung
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea; (S.-W.J.); (S.-W.K.)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
| | - Deog-Yoon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Jong Kook Song
- Department of Sports & Science, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2708
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18
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Nam HJ, Lee JH, Hong DS, Jung HC. The Effect of Wearing a Customized Mouthguard on Body Alignment and Balance Performance in Professional Basketball Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17176431. [PMID: 32899368 PMCID: PMC7504132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of a customized mouthguard on body alignment and balance performance in professional basketball players. Twenty-three professional male basketball players, aged 25.8 ± 8.6 years old, were voluntarily assigned to participate in three treatments, including no treatment (no mouthguard), acute treatment (wearing a mouthguard), and repeated treatments (8 weeks follow-up). Body alignment status, such as spinal and pelvic posture and balance performance, were measured at each time point using a 3D Formetric III (Germany) and a postural control device (Posturomed 202, Germany), respectively. A repeated MANOVA analysis with a Bonferroni post hoc test was applied, and the adjusted p-value was set at 0.02. No significant treatment effect was observed in body alignment (p = 0.302). However, univariate analysis showed a significant difference in pelvic torsion, where it was decreased after acute and repeated mouthguard treatments compared to no treatment (p < 0.001). Kyphotic angle also increased significantly following 8 weeks of treatment compared to no treatment (p < 0.001) and acute treatment (p < 0.002). There was a significant treatment effect on balance performance (p < 0.001). Both static and dynamic balance performance improved following 8 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). Our study revealed that a customized mouthguard provides a benefit to balance performance. Notably, repeated treatment impacts on balance performance more than acute treatment. Although our findings did not show a significant effect on body alignment, some positive results, such as pelvic torsion and kyphotic angle, may provide substantial information for developing future longitudinal studies with large sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Joo Nam
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, O-san University, 45 Cheonghak-ro, Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do 18119, Korea; (H.J.N.); (D.-S.H.)
| | - Joon-Hee Lee
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-201-2758
| | - Dae-Seok Hong
- Department of Health Rehabilitation, O-san University, 45 Cheonghak-ro, Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do 18119, Korea; (H.J.N.); (D.-S.H.)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea;
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19
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Abstract
Holtgeerts, RN, Gann, J, Jung, HC, and Hey, W. The impact of recovery time on performance in Division I collegiate beach volleyball players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The sport of beach volleyball has recently grown significantly at the collegiate level, and collegiate beach volleyball players often practice and compete 5 or 6 days per week during the competitive season. This study examined the effects of the amount of recovery time on performance in Division 1 Collegiate beach volleyball players. Ten female NCAA Division 1 beach volleyball players, aged 20.2 ± 1.23 years, participated in the study. Subjects completed 2 trials consisting of 4 sessions of volleyball play (with a 24-hour recovery trial and 48-hour recovery trial). Trials were randomized and counter balanced. Each trial measured counter-movement jump, 5-10-5 agility time, 3 beach volleyball drills, and scores of a beach volleyball match. Perceived recovery, sleep quality, and rating of perceived exertion were also recorded. The significance level set for the study was p ≤ 0.05. Counter-movement jump showed small but significant increases following the 24-hour recovery period (p ≤ 0.05). 5-10-5 agility test showed significant improvement with the 48-hour recovery period (p ≤ 0.05). Perceived Recovery scores demonstrated significant increases in both recovery periods (p ≤ 0.05). Beach volleyball drill and match performance were not affected by the change in recovery time. These results indicate that, although some physical skills are affected by recovery time, beach volleyball performance as a whole is relatively stable over several days. It is normal for NCAA athletes to play back-to-back days and with little recovery time, and these results indicate that this practice does not negatively affect sport performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Gann
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Coaching, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University-Global Campus, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - William Hey
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana-Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana
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Seo MW, Song JK, Jung HC, Kim SW, Kim JH, Lee JM. The Associations of Vitamin D Status with Athletic Performance and Blood-borne Markers in Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16183422. [PMID: 31540105 PMCID: PMC6765810 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the associations of vitamin D status with athletic performance and blood-borne markers in adolescent athletes. This cross-sectional study included forty-seven Taekwondo athletes, aged 15–18 years old. Athletic performance was assessed using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Wingate anaerobic power test, vertical jump, agility T-test, lower limb muscle strength, and fatigue resistance. Blood samples were collected to assess serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], free-testosterone, cortisol, creatine kinase, and urea. One-way ANOVAs were applied using Bonferroni adjusted alpha levels, which was 0.02 (i.e., 0.05/3). Multiple linear regressions analyses as well as Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used to examine the relationship among 25(OH)D concentration, athletic performance, and blood-borne markers. The participants 25(OH)D concentration were ranged from 16 to 73.25 nmol/L, indicating that 74.5% of the adolescent athletes have vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. The vitamin D status did not show any significant effects on the performance factors or blood-borne markers. Serum 25(OH)D concentration was positively correlated with mean power output (r = 0.359, p < 0.05) and relative mean power output (r = 0.325, p < 0.05) after adjusting for bone age, height, weight, training experience, lean body mass, and fat mass. However, 25(OH)D concentration was not associated with other performance-related factors and blood-borne markers. In addition, multiple linear regressions analyses revealed that serum 25(OH)D concentration were not significant predictors of athletic performance in adolescent athletes. In conclusion, vitamin D status is weakly correlated with anaerobic capacity; moreover, the underlying mechanisms of how vitamin D influence anaerobic performance is unclear in the present study. Nevertheless, the importance of vitamin D on health benefits should not be underestimated, especially during growth periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea
| | - Jong Kook Song
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Communication and Education, California State University-Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, CA 95922, USA
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Taekwondo, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Kim
- Department of Sports Medecine, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global campus), 1732 Deokyoungdaero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17014, Korea.
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Seo MW, Lee JM, Jung HC, Jung SW, Song JK. Effects of Various Work-to-rest Ratios during High-intensity Interval Training on Athletic Performance in Adolescents. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40:503-510. [PMID: 31288289 DOI: 10.1055/a-0927-6884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To examine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with different work-to-rest ratios on athletic performance in athletes. Forty-seven male Taekwondo athletes (aged 15-18 yrs) were randomly assigned into 3 HIIT groups and a control group. Each group performed 6 and 8 bouts of HIIT: 1) 1:2 (30:60 s), 2) 1:4 (30:120 s), and 3) 1:8 (30:240 s) groups while the control group performed only Taekwondo training program. All HIIT groups completed 10 sessions over 4 weeks. Athletic performance tests including VO2max test, Wingate anaerobic test, vertical jump, and agility T-test were measured at both pre- and post-tests. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA were applied to examine the performance changes between protocols. VO2max improved significantly in all HIIT groups (p<0.01), and the post-hoc test indicated that the only 1:4 group showed significant improvement compared to the control group. The HIIT with 1:4 ratio showed the effective protocol for enhancing anaerobic capacity including relative peak and mean power compared to control (p<0.01). Ten sessions of HIIT involving the 1:4 group, lasting over a brief 4-week period revealed the effective protocol for enhancing both aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Our findings provide practical implications to develop a performance-enhancing program specialized for adolescent Taekwondo athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong-Won Seo
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Yong-In, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Yong-In, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Communication and Education, California State University-Chico, USA
| | - Sung Woo Jung
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Yong-In, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Jong Kook Song
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University (Global Campus), Yong-In, Korea (the Republic of)
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Alansare A, Alford K, Lee S, Church T, Jung HC. The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2018; 15:ijerph15071508. [PMID: 30018242 PMCID: PMC6069078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Physically inactive adults are prevalent worldwide. This study compared the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in physically inactive adults as a preliminary study. Thirteen physically inactive male adults (27.5 ± 3.80 years) were randomly assigned to HIIT (N = 7) or MICT (N = 6). The HIIT program consisted of 20 min of interval training with cycling to rest ratio of 10/50 s at ≥90% HRpeak, while the MICT program consisted of 40 min of continuous cycling at 60–75% HRpeak. Both groups completed eight sessions of training within two weeks. Time and frequency domains of HRV were measured for 20 min with Actiwave-Cardio monitor (CamNtech, UK). The number of R-R interval and inter-beat interval (IBI) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in both HIIT and MICT programs following eight sessions of training. A significant interaction effect for group by time was found in the lnLF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) where it was only improved in the HIIT group from pre- to post-test. The HIIT program is superior to MICT in improving HRV in physically inactive adults. The HIIT program can be applied as a time-efficient program for improving cardiac-autoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alansare
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue Brown Hall, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
- Department of Exercise Physiology, College of Sport Sciences and Physical Activity, King Saud University, King Khalid Rd, Riyadh 11543, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ken Alford
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue Brown Hall, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
| | - Sukho Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development Texas A&M University-San Antonio, One University Way, San Antonio, Texas, TX 78224, USA.
| | - Tommie Church
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue Brown Hall, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 700 University Avenue Brown Hall, Monroe, LA 71209, USA.
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Kang M, Lee NH, Jung HC, Jeon S, Lee S. Impact Of Placement Of Wrist-worn Activity Monitors During The Lab And Free-living Settings. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000536052.44384.c1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jung HC, Seo MW, Lee S, Kim SW, Song JK. Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Immune Functions and Upper Respiratory Track Infection in Male Taekwondo Athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538406.48824.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alansare AB, Alford EK, Lee S, Church T, Jung HC. The Effects Of High Intensity Interval Training On Heart Rate Variability In Physically Inactive Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535704.62987.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Accumulation of abdominal fat during adolescence is associated with early metabolic dysfunctions and interrupting bone metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the effects of taekwondo training on abdominal fat and bone metabolism in obese adolescents. Twenty male obese adolescents, with a body mass index above 95th percentile (BMI: 29.4±1.90 kg/m2), aged 12-15 years, were assigned to the taekwondo training group (TKD, n=11) and control group (CON, n=9). Supervised taekwondo training was performed for 60 minutes/day, three times/week at 60-80% of participants’ heart rate reserve for 16 weeks. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were estimated by dual X-ray absorptiometry. A computerized tomography scan was applied to estimate total abdominal fat (TAF), abdominal visceral fat (AVF), abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF), and AVF to ASF ratio (VSR). Blood samples were analyzed for adipocytokines (leptin and adiponectin) and bone turnover markers (osteocalcin- OC and C-terminal telopeptide-CTx). There were significant interaction effects between abdominal fat variables and training where TAF (p<.01) and AVF (p<.05) decreased in TKD group. Bone metabolism including bone formation (OC, p<.05) and resorption markers (CTx, p<.05) were significantly increased only in the TKD group. The present study suggests that taekwondo training can be an effective afterschool activity program for providing health benefits including improving abdominal fat and bone metabolism in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jong Kook Song
- Department of Taekwondo, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea
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Jung HC, Seo HJ, Lee DH, Park SJ. A comparison of 0.075% and 0.15% of ropivacaine with fentanyl for postoperative patient controlled epidural analgesia after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2017. [DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2017.34.1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ok G, Lee NH, Jung HC, Jeon S, Kim K, Kang M, Lee S. Effects Of Energy Drink On Power Performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517665.62110.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jeon S, Jung HC, Lee NH, Ok G, Kim K, Kang M, Lee S. Effects Of Exercise Intervention On Visceral Fat In Obese Youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517760.44115.b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee NH, Jung HC, Ok G, Jeon S, Kang M, Lee S. Effects of Korean Wild Ginseng Drink on Recovery from Acute Strenuous Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519542.13703.0d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jung HC, Lee NH, Jeon S, Smith JD, Maspero M, Lee S. Acute Effects of Elevation Training Mask on Heart Rate Variability in Healthy Subjects. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000519460.53607.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
This study investigated the acute effects of Kinesio taping (KT) on muscular power, strength, endurance, and self-perceived fatigue level. This is a randomized, partial double-blind, crossover trial. Eighteen healthy adults (7 males [23.86 ± 1.68 years] and 11 females [24.82 ± 3.71 years]) were enrolled in this study. All subjects underwent three different trials which included no tap (NT), placebo tap (PT), and KT. Idividuals were assessed for peak and mean power, muscular strength and endurance, and self-perceived fatigue after each condition. The results revealed no significant differences in all variables (p > 0.05) except muscular endurance (F = 5.775, p = 0.007). Muscular endurance in the NT (58.28 ± 12.18 reps/min) condition was significantly higher than that in the KT (52.83 ± 11.76 reps/min) condition. These results suggest that KT on rectus femoris and the patella of the lower limb does not improve muscular function and self-perceived fatigue level. KT is unlikely to enhance exercise performance capacity in healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hee Lee
- a Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology , College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- b Department of Kinesiology , College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe , Monroe , LA , USA
| | - Gina Ok
- a Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology , College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Sukho Lee
- a Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology , College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
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Jung HC, Lee S, Seo MW, Song JK. Isokinetic assessment of agonist and antagonist strength ratios in collegiate taekwondo athletes: a preliminary study. Sport Sci Health 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
[Purpose] This systematic review was performed to summarize clinical trials assessing the effect of Red Ginseng (RG) supplementation on exercise performance and fatigue recovery. [Methods] Two English databases (PUBMED, MEDLINE) and two Korean databases (KISS, RISS) were used as systematic searching engines. We included only articles written in the English and Korean languages. Clinical trials, which evaluated exercise performance and recovery variables with RG supplementation, were included in this review. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3. [Results] In total, 135 potentially relevant studies were identified, and 14 studies were included. Overall, the aerobic capacity (VO2max, heart rate, time to exhaustion, shuttle run, and anaerobic threshold) exhibited no improvement with RG supplementation. In anaerobic capacity (peak power, mean power, and 30 m dash run), no significant improvements with RG supplementation was described in most of the studies. The antioxidant function predominantly measured by levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) showed mixed results. Red Ginseng’s effects on fatigue recovery were evaluated using lactate as a main outcome. Two studies observed significant effects while other 5 studies showed no significant effects. [Conclusion] The clinical effects of RG have been assessed in various conditions. Although the number of studies presented in this review is small and results of studies are mixed, it is hypothesized that this review article may provide useful guideline to design and conduct future studies investigating efficacy of RG supplementation on exercise performance and fatigue recovery in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hee Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Louisiana Monroe, Monroe, USA
| | - SukHo Lee
- Department of Counseling, Health, and Kinesiology, College of Education and Human Development, Texas A&M University-San Antonio, San Antonio, USA
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Lee S, Lee NH, Jung HC. Red ginseng as an ergogenic aid: A systematic review of clinical trials. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.12.20.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Lee NH, Jung HC, Ok G, Lee S. Kinesio Taping does not Alter Muscular Performance of Lower Extremity in Obese Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486835.10602.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lee S, Jung HC, Lee NH, OK G, Kim YC, Kang M. Acute Effects of Ginseng Supplementation on Exercise Performance, Cognitive Function, and Fatigue Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485747.21709.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jung HC, Lee NH, Ok G, Jeon S, Lee S. Acute Effects of Different Stretching Protocols Combined with Potentiating Exercise on Flexibility and Power Performance in Males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000486496.87381.4c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ok G, Lee NH, Jung HC, Kang M, Kim YC, Lee S. Effects of 7 days Korea Ginseng Drink Supplementation on Fatigue Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000485746.14085.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Min JS, Jung HC, Suh JY, Kwon YH. Comparison between Aflibercept, Ranibizumab Intravitreal Injection on Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration Patients. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2016.57.11.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sang Min
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Jung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Young Suh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yoon Hyung Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Son Y, Lee JH, Cheong YK, Jung HC, Jeong SO, Park SH, Pae HO. Piceatannol, a natural hydroxylated analog of resveratrol, promotes nitric oxide release through phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human endothelial cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:3125-3132. [PMID: 26367737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction associated with many cardiovascular diseases is largely due to reduced nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Piceatannol (trans-3,4,3',5'-tetrahydroxystilbene; Pic) is reported to have cardiovascular therapeutic effects. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of Pic are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether Pic could influence endothelial NO release in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS In HUVECs exposed to Pic, NO production and phosphorylation of eNOS and protein kinase B (Akt) were determined by using a commercially available NO assay kit and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS Pic stimulated dose- and time-dependent NO production via eNOS phosphorylation. Pic also stimulated dose-dependent phosphorylation of Akt. Interestingly, NO production and eNOS phosphorylation in response to Pic were significantly abolished by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS Pic is capable of inducing eNOS phosphorylation and the subsequent NO release, presumably, by activating PI3K/Akt pathway. The potential efficacy of Pic, a natural hydroxylated analog and a metabolite of resveratrol, may aid in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases characterized by endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Son
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.
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Hyeon DH, Chun JH, Lee CH, Jung HC, Kim SH. Composite membranes based on sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) and SiO2 for a vanadium redox flow battery. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-014-0358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kim JW, Yun KW, Jung HC. Investigation of optimal thermal injection conditions and the capability of IR thermography for detecting wall-thinning defects in small-diameter piping components. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim MJ, Kim KG, Lee JH, Son J, Jung HC, Oh JH, Sohn DK. Analysis of the Anatomical Characteristics of the Pelvis in Koreans to Aid in Development of a NOTES Platform. Surg Innov 2012; 20:134-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1553350612447692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) is a minimally invasive technique affording full-thickness resection of rectal tumors and can also be used as a platform for transrectal access to the peritoneal cavity for NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery) procedures. The authors investigated the anatomical characteristics of the pelvis in Koreans to develop an ergonomically designed NOTES platform. A total of 256 patients (156 men and 100 women) who underwent pelvic magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating rectal neoplasms were enrolled for analysis. The authors retrospectively reviewed and calculated anatomical lengths and angles on pelvic magnetic resonance images and analyzed differences in pelvic anatomy in terms of patient gender, age, and body mass index. Various angulations were noted from the anal canal to the sacral promontory, attributable to the shape of the sacral bone. Minimal difference in pelvic anatomy was evident between men and women. In conclusions, the authors expect that their data will be useful in the development of ergonomic TEM-NOTES platforms.
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Lee JK, Kang HW, Kim SG, Kim JS, Jung HC. Risks related with withholding and resuming anticoagulation in patients with non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding while on warfarin therapy. Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66:64-8. [PMID: 22171905 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2011.02827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of warfarin is growing for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. The risk of haemorrhagic side effects is increased in patients taking warfarin. AIMS To evaluate risks related with withholding and resuming anticoagulation in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) while on warfarin therapy and the role of the second-look endoscopic examination (SEE). METHODS Records of 58 patients with native valvular heart diseases who presented with non-variceal UGIB during chronic anticoagulation with warfarin were retrospectively reviewed. Age- and gender-matched patients with non-variceal UGIB during aspirin therapy because of ischaemic heart disease were recruited as the control group. RESULTS Development of both recurrent bleeding and thromboembolic events were more frequent in warfarin group than in control group (7.0% vs. 0% with p = 0.03 and 16.7% vs. 2.4% with p < 0.01, respectively). One of four cases of recurrent bleeding in warfarin group was found by SEE performed in an asymptomatic patient. There were six thromboembolic events which occurred on the 21st, 27th, 28th, 31st, 58th and 75th day from the presentation out of 36 patients who ceased anticoagulation. In contrast, only one from 41 in whom aspirin was discontinued experienced myocardial infarction. There was no difference in the failure of endoscopic haemostasis necessitating angiographic embolisation or surgery, hospital stay, the need of transfusion and overall mortality. CONCLUSIONS Anticoagulation is recommended to be resumed before the 20th day from the cessation to prevent thromboembolic events. A routine SEE before resuming anticoagulation might be helpful to detect asymptomatic recurrent bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi J, Kim SG, Im JP, Kim JS, Jung HC, Song IS. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasonography and conventional endoscopy for prediction of depth of tumor invasion in early gastric cancer. Endoscopy 2010; 42:705-13. [PMID: 20652857 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) with that of conventional endoscopy for staging depth of invasion (T staging) in early gastric cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 955 patients with suspected early gastric cancer were prospectively registered. EUS staging was carried out prospectively by a single endoscopist using either miniprobe or radial EUS depending on the endoscopic appearance of the tumor. Conventional endoscopy staging was performed retrospectively by consensus between two endoscopists who were blinded to the EUS staging. Conventional endoscopy staging was conducted on the basis of endoscopic features such as surface nodularity and fold convergence. Patients underwent either surgical (n = 586) or endoscopic resection (n = 369) with curative intent. The staging accuracy of each test was compared with the pathological staging of the resected specimen. RESULTS The presence of a T1m tumor was histologically confirmed in 644 cases (67.4 %) and that of a T1sm tumor in 311 cases (32.6 %). The overall accuracy of EUS staging was 67.4 % (644 / 955) and that of conventional endoscopy staging was 73.7 % (704 / 955) ( P < 0.001). The accuracy of miniprobe EUS was significantly higher than that of radial EUS (79.5 % vs. 59.6 %, P < 0.001), but did not differ significantly from that of conventional endoscopy (79.0 %). CONCLUSIONS EUS does not substantially impact on pretreatment T staging of patients with early gastric cancer compared with conventional endoscopy. Therefore, EUS may not be necessary routinely, and conventional endoscopy may be sufficient for determining the optimal therapeutic strategy, especially in relation to endoscopic resection for early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee ES, Kim N, Lee SH, Park YS, Kim JW, Jeong SH, Lee DH, Jung HC, Song IS. Comparison of risk factors and clinical responses to proton pump inhibitors in patients with erosive oesophagitis and non-erosive reflux disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 30:154-64. [PMID: 19392871 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been no report on the response to proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and on-demand or the relapse rate of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive oesophagitis in Korea. AIM To compare the risk factors, clinical symptoms and PPI responses between patients with erosive oesophagitis and NERD patients. METHODS A survey was performed prospectively in the erosive oesophagitis (205 patients) and NERD group (200 patients). Clinical symptoms, risk factors and PPI responses were analysed. On-demand therapy and the relapse rate of GERD symptoms were investigated during a one-year follow-up. RESULTS BMI > or = 25 (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1-8.3), alcohol use (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.0-8.3), hiatal hernia (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.2-20) and triglyceride > or =150 mg/dL (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.7-10) were more common in the erosive oesophagitis group than in the NERD group by multivariate analysis. The ratio of oesophageal to extra-oesophageal symptoms was higher in the erosive oesophagitis group compared with the NERD group (P < 0.001). The PPI response rates at 8 weeks were different (P = 0.02); refractory rates were higher in the NERD group (16.7%) compared with the erosive oesophagitis group (6.0%). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in on-demand therapy or the relapse rate. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of erosive oesophagitis and NERD are distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 463-707, Korea
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Kim JM, Lee DH, Kim JS, Lee JY, Park HG, Kim YJ, Oh YK, Jung HC, Kim SI. 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone inhibits the inflammatory effects induced by Bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin via dissociating the complex of heat shock protein 90 and I kappaB alpha and I kappaB kinase-gamma in intestinal epithelial cell culture. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 155:541-51. [PMID: 19220840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2008.03849.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (BFT) has been associated with mucosal inflammation and diarrhoeal diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin) was characterized in an HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line stimulated with BFT. Pre-treatment of HT-29 cells with eupatilin decreased the production significantly of both interleukin (IL)-8 and prostaglandin E(2) induced by BFT in a dose-dependent manner. BFT-activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signals in HT-29 cells and pretreatment with eupatilin suppressed NF-kappaB activation that resulted in the significant inhibition of IL-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. BFT-induced phosphorylation of both I kappaB alpha and I kappaB kinase (IKK) signals was prevented in eupatilin-pretreated HT-29 cells. Transfection of siRNA for IKK-alpha and IKK-beta decreased the production of IL-8 and prostaglandin E(2); however, the transfection of IKK-beta siRNA showed a more significant reduction of BFT-induced I kappaB alpha phosphorylation compared with that of IKK-alpha siRNA. In addition, herbimycin A, a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), decreased the BFT-induced activation of IKK and NF-kappaB, suggesting that Hsp90 is associated with a pathway of IKK-NF-kappaB-IL-8/cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene signalling. Furthermore, eupatilin dissociated the complex between Hsp90 and IKK-gamma in BFT-stimulated HT-29 cells. These results suggest that eupatilin can suppress the NF-kappaB signalling pathway by targeting the Hsp90-IKK-gamma complex in intestinal epithelial cells and may attenuate BFT-induced inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Choo MS, Lee JZ, Lee JB, Kim YH, Jung HC, Lee KS, Kim JC, Seo JT, Paick JS, Kim HJ, Na YG, Lee JG. Efficacy and safety of solifenacin succinate in Korean patients with overactive bladder: a randomised, prospective, double-blind, multicentre study. Int J Clin Pract 2008; 62:1675-83. [PMID: 19143854 PMCID: PMC2680337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2008.01898.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the efficacy and safety of solifenacin compared with tolterodine for treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) in Korean patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was randomised, double-blind, tolterodine-controlled trial in Korea. Patients had average frequency of >or= 8 voids per 24 h and episodes of urgency or urgency incontinence >or= 3 during 3-day voiding diary period. Patients were randomised to 12-week double-blind treatment with either tolterodine immediate release (IR) 2 mg twice daily (TOL4) or solifenacin 5 mg (SOL5) or 10 mg (SOL10) once daily. The outcome measure was mean change in daily micturition frequency, volume, daily frequency of urgency incontinence, urgency and nocturia from baseline to week 12. Quality of life was assessed using the King's Health Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 357 were randomised and 329 were evaluated for efficacy. All voiding parameters recorded in micturition diary improved after treatment in all three groups. Mean changes in volume voided were 19.30 ml (26.69%) in TOL4, 30.37 ml (25.89%) in SOL5 and 37.12 ml (33.36%) in SOL10 group (p = 0.03). Speed of onset of SOL10 efficacy on urgency incontinence was faster than that of SOL5 and TOL4. Quality of life improved in all three groups. Dry mouth was the most common adverse event; its incidence was the lowest in SOL5 group (7.63%, compared with 19.49% and 18.64% in SOL10 and TOL4 groups respectively). CONCLUSIONS Solifenacin succinate 5 and 10 mg once daily improve OAB symptoms with acceptable tolerability levels compared with tolterodine IR 4 mg. Solifenacin 5 mg is a recommended starting dose in Korean patients with OAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-S Choo
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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