1
|
Palma-Jacinto JA, López-López E, Medina-Franco JL, Montero-Ruíz O, Santiago-Roque I. Putative mechanism of a multivitamin treatment against insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2024; 13:2369777. [PMID: 38937879 PMCID: PMC11216102 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2024.2369777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is caused by the abnormal secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue, which is induced by an increase in lipid accumulation in adipocytes, hepatocytes, and myocytes. The inflammatory pathway involves multiple targets such as nuclear factor kappa B, inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Vitamins are micronutrients with anti-inflammatory activities that have unclear mechanisms. The present study aimed to describe the putative mechanisms of vitamins involved in the inflammatory pathway of insulin resistance. The strategy to achieve this goal was to integrate data mining and analysis, target prediction, and molecular docking simulation calculations to support our hypotheses. Our results suggest that the multitarget activity of vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B12, C, D3, and E inhibits nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase, in addition to vitamins A and B12 against inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase. The findings of this study highlight the pharmacological potential of using an anti-inflammatory and multitarget treatment based on vitamins and open new perspectives to evaluate the inhibitory activity of vitamins against nuclear factor kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and inhibitor of nuclear factor κ-B kinase in an insulin-resistant context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Palma-Jacinto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Edgar López-López
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Department of Chemistry and Graduate Program in Pharmacology, Center for Research, Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Medina-Franco
- DIFACQUIM Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oreth Montero-Ruíz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa, Mexico
| | - Isela Santiago-Roque
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Bioanalysis-Xalapa, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontólogos S/N Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim MJ, Kim M, Yoon JY, Cheon CK, Yoo S. The impacts of COVID-19 on childhood obesity: prevalence, contributing factors, and implications for management. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2024; 29:174-181. [PMID: 38291761 PMCID: PMC11220391 DOI: 10.6065/apem.2346094.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify changes in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases among children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS This study was conducted using data from the 2016-2021 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 3,861 children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The prevalence of obesity and related diseases was adjusted for age, sex, and income. We also analyzed the socioeconomic, nutritional, and physical activity items in the survey. RESULTS During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant increase in the prevalence of obesity (p=0.02), central obesity (p=0.001), mean body mass index (BMI, p=0.03), and hemoglobin A1c (p=0.005) among children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The intake of food and calories was significantly reduced in the normal-weight group (p=0.001 and <0.001) but not in the obese group. Incidences of skipping breakfast increased and eating out decreased, regardless of obesity status. However, the changes in health behaviors were not significant. The prevalence of central obesity and increased BMI showed a significant linear association between children and their parents, especially in the 10-12-year-old age group. A clear increase in the proportion of metabolically unhealthy children and adolescents was observed in the obese group, and the frequency of central obesity in parents also increased. CONCLUSION The number of metabolically unhealthy, obese children and adolescents increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Age-specific strategies that consider growth, development, and genetic and social factors are required. Health strategies targeting the entire family are required to develop healthier habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Ju Young Yoon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Chong Kun Cheon
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sukdong Yoo
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Children’s Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Karempudi VK, Gokul TA, Ramesh Kumar K, Veeramanikandan V, Ali D, Impellitteri F, Faggio C, Ullah H, Daglia M, Balaji P. Protective role of Pleurotus florida against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats: A preclinical study. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116005. [PMID: 38086150 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus florida (Mont.) Singer is a mushroom species known to be an antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and diuretic agent, reducing blood pressure and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo potency of P. florida's anti-diabetic properties in rats affected by hyperglycemia induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) at 55 mg/kg (i.p.), characterized by oxidative stress impairment, and changes in insulin levels and lipid profile. After inducing hyperglycemia in the rats, they were treated with P. florida acetone and methanol extracts, orally administered for 28 days at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight. The hyperglycemic control (DC) group showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in mean blood sugar, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, lipid hydroperoxides, and malondialdehyde, compared to the normal control (NC) group The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione disulfide, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione, guaiacol peroxidase, and vitamin E and C levels showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in DC group, compared to the NC group. Blood glucose levels, lipid profiles, and insulin levels improved significantly after 28 days of treatment, in the group treated with glibenclamide (an oral hypoglycemic drug, used as positive control), and in the groups treated with P. florida extracts. In DC group, the treatment with P. florida was found to prevent diabetes, according to histopathological studies of the kidneys, pancreas, and liver of rats. In conclusion, this study has shown that the treatment with P. florida decreased oxidative stress and glucose levels in the blood, as well as restoring changes in lipid profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamilselvan Amutha Gokul
- PG and Research Centre in Zoology, Vivekananda College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Tiruvedakam (West), Madurai, TN, India
| | - Kamatchi Ramesh Kumar
- PG and Research Centre in Zoology, Vivekananda College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Tiruvedakam (West), Madurai, TN, India
| | | | - Daoud Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Paulraj Balaji
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Hosur, TN, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ou Y, Qiu Z, Geng T, Lu Q, Li R, Li L, Zhu K, Chen X, Lin X, Liu S, Pan A, Liu G. Associations of serum vitamin C concentrations with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2555-2565. [PMID: 37195485 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Compared with people without diabetes, people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at higher risk of both subnormal vitamin C status and increased oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the associations of serum vitamin C concentrations with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults with and without T2D. METHODS The current analysis included 20,045 adults (2691 people with T2D and 17,354 without T2D) from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and NHANES 2003-2006. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the dose-response relationship. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 17.3 years, 5211 deaths were documented. Individuals with T2D had a lower level of serum vitamin C concentrations compared with those without T2D (the median value: 40.1 vs. 44.9 μmol/L). Furthermore, the dose-response relationship between serum vitamin C and mortality showed different patterns between participants with and without T2D. In individuals without T2D, there was a nonlinear association of serum vitamin C concentrations with all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality, with the lowest risk around a serum vitamin C concentration of 48.0 μmol/L (all Poverall < 0.05, Pnonlinearity < 0.05). In contrast, among those with T2D in the similar concentration range, higher serum vitamin C levels (ranged from 0.46 to 116.26 μmol/L) were linearly associated with lower all-cause and cancer mortality (both Poverall < 0.05, Pnonlinearity > 0.05). Significant additive interaction was observed between diabetes status and serum vitamin C levels with regard to all-cause and cancer mortality (P < 0.001). In addition, C-reactive protein, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and HbA1c explained 14.08, 8.96, and 5.60% of the association between serum vitamin C and all-cause mortality among individuals with T2D, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Higher serum vitamin C concentrations were significantly associated with lower risk of mortality in participants with T2D in a linear dose-response manner, while a nonlinear association was observed in participants without T2D, with an apparent threshold around 48.0 μmol/L. These findings suggest that the optimal vitamin C requirement may differ in individuals with and without T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunjing Ou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixin Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sen Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - An Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, and State Key Laboratory of Environment Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nosratabadi S, Ashtary-Larky D, Hosseini F, Namkhah Z, Mohammadi S, Salamat S, Nadery M, Yarmand S, Zamani M, Wong A, Asbaghi O. The effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102824. [PMID: 37523928 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It has been suggested that taking vitamin C supplements may improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there has not been a thorough evaluation of the actual impact or certainty of the findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin C supplementation on glycemic profile in T2DM patients. METHODS A systematic search was performed across online databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed/Medline to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until July 2022. A random-effects model was applied for the meta-analysis. RESULTS The present meta-analysis included a total of 22 RCTs with 1447 patients diagnosed with T2DM.A pooled analysis revealed a significant decrease in levels of serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in vitamin C-treated T2DM patients compared with their untreated counterparts. The dose-response evaluation displayed a substantial linear association between the intervention duration and changes in serum HbA1c levels. However, the analysis did not demonstrate any significant effect of vitamin C on serum values of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) in diabetic patients. Subgroup analyses indicated that high-dose vitamin C administration (≥1000 mg/d) considerably decreased serum HOMA-IR levels. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that long-term (≥12 weeks) and high-dose vitamin C supplementation (≥1000 mg/d) may ameliorate glycemic profile in T2DM patients. However, additional high-quality RCTs are necessary to validate these results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Nosratabadi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Namkhah
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Shooka Mohammadi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Shekoufeh Salamat
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Nadery
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA.
| | - Sazin Yarmand
- School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Zamani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tuell DS, Los EA, Ford GA, Stone WL. The Role of Natural Antioxidant Products That Optimize Redox Status in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1139. [PMID: 37371869 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes is rapidly increasing, particularly in children, adolescents, and young adults. Oxidative stress (OxS) has emerged as a likely initiating factor in T2D. Natural antioxidant products may act to slow or prevent T2D by multiple mechanisms, i.e., (1) reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress, (2) preventing the damaging effects of lipid peroxidation, and (3) acting as essential cofactors for antioxidant enzymes. Natural antioxidant products should also be evaluated in the context of the complex physiological processes that modulate T2D-OxS such as glycemic control, postprandial OxS, the polyol pathway, high-calorie, high-fat diets, exercise, and sleep. Minimizing processes that induce chronic damaging OxS and maximizing the intake of natural antioxidant products may provide a means of preventing or slowing T2D progression. This "optimal redox" (OptRedox) approach also provides a framework in which to discuss the potential benefits of natural antioxidant products such as vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene, selenium, and manganese. Although there is a consensus that early effective intervention is critical for preventing or reversing T2D progression, most research has focused on adults. It is critical, therefore, that future research include pediatric populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn S Tuell
- Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Evan A Los
- Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - George A Ford
- Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - William L Stone
- Department of Pediatrics, Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pant T, Uche N, Juric M, Bosnjak ZJ. Clinical Relevance of lncRNA and Mitochondrial Targeted Antioxidants as Therapeutic Options in Regulating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040898. [PMID: 37107272 PMCID: PMC10135521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic imbalances and persistent hyperglycemia are widely recognized as driving forces for augmented cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diabetes mellitus (DM), fostering the development of vascular complications such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, specific therapeutic approaches capable of modulating oxidative milieu may provide a preventative and/or therapeutic benefit against the development of cardiovascular complications in diabetes patients. Recent studies have demonstrated epigenetic alterations in circulating and tissue-specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures in vascular complications of DM regulating mitochondrial function under oxidative stress. Intriguingly, over the past decade mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for managing oxidative stress-induced diseases. Here, we review the present status of lncRNA as a diagnostic biomarker and potential regulator of oxidative stress in vascular complications of DM. We also discuss the recent advances in using MTAs in different animal models and clinical trials. We summarize the prospects and challenges for the use of MTAs in treating vascular diseases and their application in translation medicine, which may be beneficial in MTA drug design development, and their application in translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Pant
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Zeljko J Bosnjak
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sukhikh S, Babich O, Prosekov A, Kalashnikova O, Noskova S, Bakhtiyarova A, Krol O, Tsvetkova E, Ivanova S. Antidiabetic Properties of Plant Secondary Metabolites. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040513. [PMID: 37110171 PMCID: PMC10144365 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is one of the major medical problems that the modern world is currently facing. Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus both result in early disability and death, as well as serious social and financial problems. In some cases, synthetic drugs can be quite effective in the treatment of diabetes, though they have side effects. Plant-derived pharmacological substances are of particular interest. This review aims to study the antidiabetic properties of secondary plant metabolites. Existing review and research articles on the investigation of the antidiabetic properties of secondary plant metabolites, the methods of their isolation, and their use in diabetes mellitus, as well as separate articles that confirm the relevance of the topic and expand the understanding of the properties and mechanisms of action of plant metabolites, were analyzed for this review. The structure and properties of plants used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, including plant antioxidants, polysaccharides, alkaloids, and insulin-like plant substances, as well as their antidiabetic properties and mechanisms for lowering blood sugar, are presented. The main advantages and disadvantages of using phytocomponents to treat diabetes are outlined. The types of complications of diabetes mellitus and the effects of medicinal plants and their phytocomponents on them are described. The effects of phytopreparations used to treat diabetes mellitus on the human gut microbiota are discussed. Plants with a general tonic effect, plants containing insulin-like substances, plants-purifiers, and plants rich in vitamins, organic acids, etc. have been shown to play an important role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the prevention of its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Sukhikh
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olga Babich
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Olga Kalashnikova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Svetlana Noskova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alina Bakhtiyarova
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Olesia Krol
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Elena Tsvetkova
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of TNSMD Theory and Methods, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lunt H, Carr AC, Heenan HF, Vlasiuk E, Zawari M, Prickett T, Frampton C. People with diabetes and hypovitaminosis C fail to conserve urinary vitamin C. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2023; 31:100316. [PMID: 36873955 PMCID: PMC9982671 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2023.100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hypovitaminosis C has negative health consequences. People with diabetes and hypovitaminosis C may fail to conserve vitamin C in the urine, thereby displaying evidence of inappropriate renal leak of vitamin C. This study describes the relationship between plasma and urinary vitamin C in diabetes, with a focus on the clinical characteristics of participants with renal leak. Methods Retrospective analysis of paired, non-fasting plasma and urine vitamin C, and also clinical characteristics, from participants with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, recruited from a secondary care diabetes clinic. Plasma vitamin C thresholds for renal leak have been defined previously as 38.1 µmol/L for men and 43.2 µmol/L for women. Results Statistically significant differences in clinical characteristics were seen between those with; i) renal leak (N = 77) and; ii) hypovitaminosis C but no renal leak (N = 13) and; iii) normal plasma vitamin C levels (n = 34). Compared to participants with adequate plasma vitamin C levels, participants with renal leak tended to have type 2 (rather than type 1) diabetes, a lower eGFR and a higher HbA1c. Conclusion In the diabetes population studied, renal leak of vitamin C was common. In some participants, it may have contributed to hypovitaminosis C.
Collapse
Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index, eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate
- Diabetes
- Diabetic nephropathy
- HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin, HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography
- MET, Minimal elimination threshold, SGLT2, sodium glucose cotransporter 2
- Nutritional and metabolic diseases
- Physiopathology
- T1 diabetes, Type 1 diabetes, T2 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes
- Urine
- Vitamin C deficiency
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Lunt
- Diabetes Outpatients, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch. 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Anitra C Carr
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch. 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Helen F Heenan
- Diabetes Outpatients, Te Whatu Ora Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Emma Vlasiuk
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch. 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Masuma Zawari
- Nutrition in Medicine Research Group, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch. 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Tim Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch. 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| | - Chris Frampton
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch. 2 Riccarton Ave, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qasim N, Arif A, Mahmood R. Hyperglycemia enhances the generation of ROS and RNS that impair antioxidant power and cause oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:64-76. [PMID: 36379031 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a state in which excess glucose circulates in blood. Erythrocytes are in direct contact with this high glucose concentration and are greatly affected by it. We have examined the effect of hyperglycemic condition on isolated human erythrocytes under in vitro conditions. Erythrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of glucose (5, 15, 30, 45 mmol/L) for 24 h, and several biochemical parameters were determined. Treatment with high glucose concentrations increased heme degradation and methemoglobin level, while methemoglobin reductase activity was decreased. A significant increase in protein oxidation and lipid hydroperoxides with a decrease in total sulfhydryl content was seen. This suggested the generation of oxidative stress, which was confirmed by an enhanced production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Hyperglycemia led to a significant decline in the antioxidant power of erythrocytes, lowering their ability to quench free radicals and reduce metal ions to lower oxidation states. The plasma membrane redox system was upregulated, while ascorbate free radical reductase activity was lowered. Glucose exposure inhibited the enzymes of glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt. Electron microscopy showed morphological changes resulting in the formation of echinocytes. Thus, the hyperglycemic condition generates reactive species that oxidize proteins, hemoglobin, and lipids; impair the total antioxidant capacity; and alter morphology in human erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Qasim
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226026, India
| | - Amin Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, 202002, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lee CY. Effects of dietary vitamins on obesity-related metabolic parameters. J Nutr Sci 2023; 12:e47. [PMID: 37123391 PMCID: PMC10131053 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2023.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Genetic factors, some underlying medical conditions, and obesity are risk factors of T2DM. Unlike other risk factors which are non-modifiable, obesity is preventable and usually treatable, and is largely contributed by lifestyle factors. Management of these lifestyle factors may curb the development of T2DM and reduces T2DM prevalence. Dietary vitamins have been recommended as a lifestyle modification intervention to support obesity treatment. Vitamins correlate negatively with body weight, body mass index and body composition. Some of the vitamins may also have anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, results from pre-clinical and clinical studies of the effects of vitamins on obesity are inconsistent. A clear understanding of the effects of vitamins on obesity will help determine dietary intervention that is truly effective in preventing and treating obesity as well as obesity-related complications including T2DM. This article reviews existing evidences of the effects of vitamin supplementation on obesity and obesity-related metabolic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chooi Yeng Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author: Chooi Yeng Lee, email
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mason SA, Parker L, van der Pligt P, Wadley GD. Vitamin C supplementation for diabetes management: A comprehensive narrative review. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 194:255-283. [PMID: 36526243 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that vitamin C supplementation may be an effective adjunct therapy in the management of people with diabetes. This paper critically reviews the current evidence on effects of vitamin C supplementation and its potential mechanisms in diabetes management. Evidence from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) show favourable effects of vitamin C on glycaemic control and blood pressure that may be clinically meaningful, and mixed effects on blood lipids and endothelial function. However, evidence is mostly of low evidence certainty. Emerging evidence is promising for effects of vitamin C supplementation on some diabetes complications, particularly diabetic foot ulcers. However, there is a notable lack of robust and well-designed studies exploring effects of vitamin C as a single compound supplement on diabetes prevention and patient-important outcomes (i.e. prevention and amelioration of diabetes complications). RCTs are also required to investigate potential preventative or ameliorative effects of vitamin C on gestational diabetes outcomes. Oral vitamin C doses of 500-1000 mg per day are potentially effective, safe, and affordable for many individuals with diabetes. However, personalisation of supplementation regimens that consider factors such as vitamin C status, disease status, current glycaemic control, vitamin C intake, redox status, and genotype is important to optimize vitamin C's therapeutic effects safely. Finally, given a high prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in patients with complications, it is recommended that plasma vitamin C concentration be measured and monitored in the clinic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paige van der Pligt
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Western Health, Footscray, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dludla PV, Nkambule BB, Nyambuya TM, Ziqubu K, Mabhida SE, Mxinwa V, Mokgalaboni K, Ndevahoma F, Hanser S, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Basson AK, Sabbatinelli J, Tiano L. Vitamin C intake potentially lowers total cholesterol to improve endothelial function in diabetic patients at increased risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1011002. [PMID: 36386907 PMCID: PMC9659906 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1011002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin C is one of the most consumed dietary compounds and contains abundant antioxidant properties that could be essential in improving metabolic function. Thus, the current systematic review analyzed evidence on the beneficial effects of vitamin C intake on cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related outcomes in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome. METHODS To identify relevant randomized control trials (RCTs), a systematic search was run using prominent search engines like PubMed and Google Scholar, from beginning up to March 2022. The modified Black and Downs checklist was used to assess the quality of evidence. RESULTS Findings summarized in the current review favor the beneficial effects of vitamin C intake on improving basic metabolic parameters and lowering total cholesterol levels to reduce CVD-risk in subjects with type 2 diabetes or related metabolic diseases. Moreover, vitamin C intake could also reduce the predominant markers of inflammation and oxidative stress like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde. Importantly, these positive outcomes were consistent with improved endothelial function or increased blood flow in these subjects. Predominantly effective doses were 1,000 mg/daily for 4 weeks up to 12 months. The included RCTs presented with the high quality of evidence. CONCLUSION Clinical evidence on the beneficial effects of vitamin C intake or its impact on improving prominent markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with diabetes is still limited. Thus, more RCTs are required to solidify these findings, which is essential to better manage diabetic patients at increased risk of developing CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phiwayinkosi V. Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Bongani B. Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Tawanda M. Nyambuya
- Department of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
| | - Sihle E. Mabhida
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Vuyolwethu Mxinwa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Roodepoort, South Africa
| | - Fransina Ndevahoma
- Department of Health Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Sidney Hanser
- Department of Physiology and Environmental Health, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | | | - Albertus K. Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Jacopo Sabbatinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
An Overview of the Potential of Medicinal Plants Used in the Development of Nutraceuticals for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Proposed Biological Mechanisms. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which the pancreas does not produce enough insulin or the body cannot effectively use it. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing steadily, making it a global public health problem. Several serious complications are associated with this disease. There are a number of different classes of antidiabetic medications. Interestingly, traditional medicine can also be used for the development of novel classes of hypoglycemic therapeutics. This article summarizes an update of the potential of various important medicinal plants used in the development of nutraceuticals for the management of diabetes mellitus, and a proposal of their biological mechanisms.
Collapse
|
15
|
Ebenuwa I, Violet PC, Padayatty S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Sun H, Adhikari P, Smith S, Tu H, Niyyati M, Wilkins K, Levine M. Abnormal urinary loss of vitamin C in diabetes: prevalence and clinical characteristics of a vitamin C renal leak. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:274-284. [PMID: 35537862 PMCID: PMC9257470 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with low plasma vitamin C concentrations. OBJECTIVES We investigated the contribution of dysregulated vitamin C renal physiology, its prevalence, and associated clinical characteristics. METHODS An essential prerequisite was determination of normal vitamin C renal threshold, the plasma concentration at which vitamin C first appears in urine. Using data from 17 healthy participants who underwent vitamin C depletion-repletion studies with a vitamin C dose range of 15-1250 mg daily, renal threshold was estimated using physiology-based pharmacokinetics modeling. Applying renal threshold 95% CIs, we estimated the minimal elimination threshold, the plasma concentration below which no vitamin C was expected in urine of healthy people. Renal leak was defined as abnormal presence of vitamin C in urine with plasma concentrations below the minimal elimination threshold. Criteria were tested in a cross-sectional cohort study of individuals with diabetes (82) and nondiabetic controls (80) using matched plasma and urine samples. RESULTS Vitamin C renal thresholds in healthy men and women were [mean (SD)] 48.5 (5.2) µM and 58.3 (7.5) µM, respectively. Compared with nondiabetic controls, participants with diabetes had significantly higher prevalence of vitamin C renal leak (9% compared with 33%; OR: 5.07; 95% CI: 1.97, 14.83; P < 0.001) and 30% lower mean plasma vitamin C concentrations (53.1 µM compared with 40.9 µM, P < 0.001). Fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, BMI, micro/macrovascular complications, and protein/creatinine ratio were predictive of vitamin C renal leak. CONCLUSIONS Increased prevalence of vitamin C renal leak in diabetes is associated with reduced plasma vitamin C concentrations. Glycemic control, microvascular complications, obesity, and proteinuria are predictive of renal leak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ifechukwude Ebenuwa
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Padayatty
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yaohui Wang
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry Sun
- Suntech Research Institutes, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Preston Adhikari
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Smith
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongbin Tu
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahtab Niyyati
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Wilkins
- Biostatistics Program, Office of Clinical Research Support, Office of the Director, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kim Y, Oh YK, Lee J, Kim E. Could nutrient supplements provide additional glycemic control in diabetes management? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of as an add-on nutritional supplementation therapy. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:185-204. [PMID: 35304727 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the antidiabetic effect of pharmaconutrients as an add-on in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by pooling data from currently available randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data sources included the PubMed and EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. RCTs reporting changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), or homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels following add-on pharmaconutritional therapies for T2DM patients consuming antidiabetic drugs were targeted. Using random-effects meta-analyses, we identified pharmaconutrients with effects on glycemic outcomes. Heterogeneity among studies was presented using I2 values. Among 9537 articles, 119 RCTs with nine pharmaconutrients (chromium; coenzyme Q10; omega-3 fatty acids; vitamins C, D, and E; alpha-lipoic acid; selenium; and zinc) were included. Chromium (HbA1c, FBG, and HOMA-IR), coenzyme Q10 (HbA1c and FBG), vitamin C (HbA1c and FBG), and vitamin E (HbA1c and HOMA-IR) significantly improved glycemic control. Baseline HbA1c level and study duration influenced the effects of chromium and vitamin E on HbA1c level. Sensitivity analyses did not modify the pooled effects of pharmaconutrients on glycemic control. Administration of chromium, coenzyme Q10, and vitamins C and E for T2DM significantly improved glycemic control. This study has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018115229).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhye Kim
- Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyoung Oh
- Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- The Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Industry Management, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Evidence-Based and Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Health, Social and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,The Graduate School for Pharmaceutical Industry Management, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Selyutina OY, Kononova PA, Koshman VE, Fedenok LG, Polyakov NE. The Interplay of Ascorbic Acid with Quinones-Chelators—Influence on Lipid Peroxidation: Insight into Anticancer Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020376. [PMID: 35204258 PMCID: PMC8869476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbic acid is a multifaceted compound that can perform both antioxidant and pro-oxidant activities in the redox reactions induced by transition metal ions, so its role in nature and especially in the human body is still the subject of debate. In the present study, we have examined the influence of ascorbic acid on lipid peroxidation in a model system that mimics the cell membrane, namely micelles of linoleic acid (LA), induced by chelate complexes of iron and copper ions with quinone-chelator 2-phenyl-4-(butylamino)-naphtholquinoline-7,12-dione (Q1). This quinone effectively generates reactive oxygen species and semiquinone radicals inside cancer cells via a cycling redox reaction. Here it was demonstrated that in the absence of quinone-chelator ascorbic acid significantly accelerates the lipid peroxidation induced by both Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions. It has been shown also that Q1 chelate complexes with Fe(II) and Cu(II) ions are redox active in the LA micelles oxidation. No effect of ascorbate was detected on the reactivity of chelate complex with Fe(II) ions. On the other hand, ascorbate performs pro-oxidant activity in Q1-Cu(II) complex induced reaction. We can conclude that ascorbate-driven redox cycling of Q1 may promote its anti-tumor activity.
Collapse
|
18
|
Mechanistic Insights of Chelator Complexes with Essential Transition Metals: Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Activity and Applications in Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031247. [PMID: 35163169 PMCID: PMC8835618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity of drugs and dietary molecules and their role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis, as well as the implications in health and different diseases, have not yet been fully evaluated. In particular, the redox activity and other interactions of drugs with essential redox metal ions, such as iron and copper, need further investigation. These metal ions are ubiquitous in human nutrition but also widely found in dietary supplements and appear to exert major effects on redox homeostasis in health, but also on many diseases of free radical pathology. In this context, the redox mechanistic insights of mainly three prototype groups of drugs, namely alpha-ketohydroxypyridines (alpha-hydroxypyridones), e.g., deferiprone, anthraquinones, e.g., doxorubicin and thiosemicarbazones, e.g., triapine and their metal complexes were examined; details of the mechanisms of their redox activity were reviewed, with emphasis on the biological implications and potential clinical applications, including anticancer activity. Furthermore, the redox properties of these three classes of chelators were compared to those of the iron chelating drugs and also to vitamin C, with an emphasis on their potential clinical interactions and future clinical application prospects in cancer, neurodegenerative and other diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
McKeegan K, Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Keske MA, Wadley GD, Della Gatta PA, Nikolaidis MG, Parker L. Reactive oxygen species in exercise and insulin resistance: Working towards personalized antioxidant treatment. Redox Biol 2021; 44:102005. [PMID: 34049222 PMCID: PMC8167146 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in insulin resistance and the development of cardiometabolic disease including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Conversely, evidence supports the notion that ROS are a necessary component for glucose cell transport and adaptation to physiological stress including exercise and muscle contraction. Although genetic rodent models and cell culture studies indicate antioxidant treatment to be an effective strategy for targeting ROS to promote health, human findings are largely inconsistent. In this review we discuss human research that has investigated antioxidant treatment and glycemic control in the context of health (healthy individuals and during exercise) and disease (insulin resistance and T2D). We have identified key factors that are likely to influence the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment: 1) the context of treatment including whether oxidative distress or eustress is present (e.g., hyperglycemia/lipidaemia or during exercise and muscle contraction); 2) whether specific endogenous antioxidant deficiencies are identified (redox screening); 3) whether antioxidant treatment is specifically designed to target and restore identified deficiencies (antioxidant specificity); 4) and the bioavailability and bioactivity of the antioxidant which are influenced by treatment dose, duration, and method of administration. The majority of human research has failed to account for these factors, limiting their ability to robustly test the effectiveness of antioxidants for health promotion and disease prevention. We propose that a modern "redox screening" and "personalized antioxidant treatment" approach is required to robustly explore redox regulation of human physiology and to elicit more effective antioxidant treatment in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McKeegan
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models That Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072225. [PMID: 34209561 PMCID: PMC8308459 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.
Collapse
|
21
|
Byrne NJ, Rajasekaran NS, Abel ED, Bugger H. Therapeutic potential of targeting oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 169:317-342. [PMID: 33910093 PMCID: PMC8285002 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) may increase the risk for heart failure development. This risk evolves from functional and structural alterations induced by diabetes in the heart, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM). Oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been increasingly proposed to contribute to the development of DbCM. There are several sources of ROS production including the mitochondria, NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase. Overproduction of ROS in DbCM is thought to be counterbalanced by elevated antioxidant defense enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Excess ROS in the cardiomyocyte results in further ROS production, mitochondrial DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, post-translational modifications of proteins and ultimately cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, ROS modulates transcription factors responsible for expression of antioxidant enzymes. Lastly, evidence exists that several pharmacological agents may convey cardiovascular benefit by antioxidant mechanisms. As such, increasing our understanding of the pathways that lead to increased ROS production and impaired antioxidant defense may enable the development of therapeutic strategies against the progression of DbCM. Herein, we review the current knowledge about causes and consequences of ROS in DbCM, as well as the therapeutic potential and strategies of targeting oxidative stress in the diabetic heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikole J Byrne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Namakkal S Rajasekaran
- Cardiac Aging & Redox Signaling Laboratory, Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E Dale Abel
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Boonthongkaew C, Tong-Un T, Kanpetta Y, Chaungchot N, Leelayuwat C, Leelayuwat N. Vitamin C supplementation improves blood pressure and oxidative stress after acute exercise in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2021; 64:16-23. [PMID: 33642340 DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_95_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of Vitamin C on blood pressure (BP), and subsequently on oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) release, following the low-intensity exercise in the patients. This study included 24 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) (age, 53 ± 7 years; hemoglobin A1c, 10.1% ± 0.9%) randomized into two 6-week daily arms based on the consumption of either placebo or 1000 mg Vitamin C. The crossover trial occurred after a 6-week washout. Before and after both supplementation arms, all patients performed cycling exercise at 33% of peak oxygen consumption for 20 min. BP was measured before, immediately, and 60 min after the exercise. Blood samples were drawn immediately before and after the exercise to determine plasma ascorbate, malondialdehyde (MDA), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), and NO concentrations. Data showed significant lower BP in the Vitamin C arm when compared with the placebo arm (systolic BP [SBP] P < 0.001 at every time point, diastolic BP [DBP] P < 0.001 except at immediately after exercise, P < 0.05). Plasma ascorbate concentration (P < 0.05 at every time point) and plasma NO (at resting P < 0.001, immediately after exercise P < 0.05) were significantly increased in the Vitamin C arm than in the placebo arm. Plasma MDA (P < 0.05 at every time point) and F2-IsoPs (P < 0.05 at every time point) concentrations were significantly lower in the Vitamin C arm than in the placebo arm. In addition, data showed significantly lower SBP (P < 0.001 at every time point), DBP (P < 0.001 except at immediately after exercise P < 0.05), plasma MDA (P < 0.001 at every time point), and F2-IsoPs (P < 0.05 at every time point) at post-supplementation than at pre-supplementation. Besides, there were significantly higher plasma ascorbate (P < 0.05 at every time point) and NO (at rest P < 0.01, immediately after exercise P < 0.05) concentrations at post-supplementation than at pre-supplementation. This is in contrast to the placebo treatment arm which demonstrated no statistical difference in all outcomes throughout the experiment. This study suggests that 6-week Vitamin C supplementation decreased preexercise and postexercise BPs, possibly due to improved oxidative stress and NO release. However, exercise had no effect on any outcome measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongchira Boonthongkaew
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Graduate School; Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Terdthai Tong-Un
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Yupaporn Kanpetta
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen; Sports and Exercise Science Program, Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai, Thailand
| | - Nisa Chaungchot
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanvit Leelayuwat
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories; Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Naruemon Leelayuwat
- Exercise and Sport Sciences Development and Research Group; Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fletcher BD, Flett JAM, Wickham SR, Pullar JM, Vissers MCM, Conner TS. Initial Evidence of Variation by Ethnicity in the Relationship between Vitamin C Status and Mental States in Young Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:792. [PMID: 33673717 PMCID: PMC7997165 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fruit and vegetable intake has been associated with improved mood, greater vitality, and lower stress. Although the nutrients driving these benefits are not specifically identified, one potentially important micronutrient is vitamin C, an important co-factor for the production of peptide hormones, carnitine and neurotransmitters that are involved in regulation of physical energy and mood. The aim of our study was to investigate the cross-sectional relationship between blood plasma vitamin C status and mood, vitality and perceived stress. A sample of 419 university students (aged 18 to 35; 67.8% female) of various ethnicities (49.2% European, 16.2% East Asian, 8.1% Southeast/Other Asian, 9.1% Māori/Pasifika, 11.5% Other) provided a fasting blood sample to determine vitamin C status and completed psychological measures consisting of the Profile of Mood States Short Form (POMS-SF), the vitality subscale of the Rand 36-Item Short Form (SF-36), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants were screened for prescription medication, smoking history, vitamin C supplementation, fruit/juice and vegetable consumption, kiwifruit allergies, excessive alcohol consumption and serious health issues, and provided age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status information, which served as covariates. There were no significant associations between vitamin C status and the psychological measures for the sample overall. However, associations varied by ethnicity. Among Māori/Pasifika participants, higher vitamin C was associated with greater vitality and lower stress, whereas among Southeast Asian participants, higher vitamin C was associated with greater confusion on the POMS-SF subscale. These novel findings demonstrate potential ethnicity-linked differences in the relationship between vitamin C and mental states. Further research is required to determine whether genetic variation or cultural factors are driving these ethnicity differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Fletcher
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (B.D.F.); (S.-R.W.)
| | | | - Shay-Ruby Wickham
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (B.D.F.); (S.-R.W.)
| | - Juliet M. Pullar
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (J.M.P.); (M.C.M.V.)
| | - Margreet C. M. Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New Zealand; (J.M.P.); (M.C.M.V.)
| | - Tamlin S. Conner
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (B.D.F.); (S.-R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mason SA, Keske MA, Wadley GD. Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:618-630. [PMID: 33472962 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that vitamin C supplementation could be a potential therapy in type 2 diabetes. However, its effectiveness and evidence quality require further evaluation. PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy of oral vitamin C supplementation in improving glycemic control, cardiovascular risk factors, and oxidative stress in people with type 2 diabetes. DATA SOURCES Databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library) and clinical trial registries were searched for randomized controlled trials up to 8 September 2020. STUDY SELECTION Trials in adults with type 2 diabetes were included. Trials were excluded if supplements were not exclusive to vitamin C and if <2 weeks in duration. DATA EXTRACTION Primary outcomes were HbA1c, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood pressure (BP). Data were extracted for changes in outcomes between vitamin C and control groups. Evidence certainty was assessed using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methods. DATA SYNTHESIS Twenty-eight studies (N = 1,574 participants) were included in the review. Outcomes that changed to a statistically and clinically significant extent with vitamin C were systolic BP (mean difference -6.27 [95% CI -9.60, -2.96] mmHg; P = 0.0002), with moderate evidence certainty, and HbA1c (-0.54% [-0.90, -0.17]; P = 0.004) and diastolic BP (-3.77 [-6.13, -1.42] mmHg; P = 0.002) with very low evidence certainty. LIMITATIONS Studies were predominantly short term (<6 months) with a small number of participants (n < 100). CONCLUSIONS While evidence from short-term studies suggests that vitamin C supplementation may improve glycemic control and BP in people with type 2 diabetes, vitamin C supplementation cannot currently be recommended as a therapy until larger, long-term, and high-quality trials confirm these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Andrea B, Dumitrița R, Florina C, Francisc D, Anastasia V, Socaci S, Adela P. Comparative analysis of some bioactive compounds in leaves of different Aloe species. BMC Chem 2020; 14:67. [PMID: 33292458 PMCID: PMC7602344 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-020-00720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a vast number of Aloe species are known, only the Aloe vera and Aloe arborescens species are currently used by cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, the current study aims to complete the existent literature data with new information on the phytochemical composition of some lesser-known Aloe species, with the main focus on carotenoids and fatty acids. Among the analyzed species, Aloe aculeata and Aloe ferox had the highest content in carotenoids, the major pigments being lutein and β-carotene (according to HPLC analysis). The fatty acid profile of each Aloe species was analysed by GC–MS. Linolenic and linoleic acids were the major polyunsaturated fatty acids found in higher percent in Aloe ferox, Aloe spectabilis and Aloe marlothii. Instead, Aloe aculeata proved to have a distinct fatty acid profile, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids. Species such as Aloe arborescens and Aloe marlothii proved to have the highest antioxidant potential according to data of DPPH, ORAC, HPS assays, even if the richest one in vitamin C was found to be Aloe spectabilis. Though the scientific research is mainly focused on the common species Aloe barbadensis, the current data suggests that other Aloe species could receive more attention from industry part, being great sources of bioactive compounds.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bunea Andrea
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rugină Dumitrița
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Copaciu Florina
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dulf Francisc
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Veres Anastasia
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sonia Socaci
- Faculty of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pintea Adela
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur, No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Trying to Solve the Puzzle of the Interaction of Ascorbic Acid and Iron: Redox, Chelation and Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES 2020; 7:medicines7080045. [PMID: 32751493 PMCID: PMC7460366 DOI: 10.3390/medicines7080045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) are essential nutrients for the normal growth and development of humans, and their deficiency can result in serious diseases. Their interaction is of nutritional, physiological, pharmacological and toxicological interest, with major implications in health and disease. Millions of people are using pharmaceutical and nutraceutical preparations of these two nutrients, including ferrous ascorbate for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia and ascorbate combination with deferoxamine for increasing iron excretion in iron overload. The main function and use of vitamin C is its antioxidant activity against reactive oxygen species, which are implicated in many diseases of free radical pathology, including biomolecular-, cellular- and tissue damage-related diseases, as well as cancer and ageing. Ascorbic acid and its metabolites, including the ascorbate anion and oxalate, have metal binding capacity and bind iron, copper and other metals. The biological roles of ascorbate as a vitamin are affected by metal complexation, in particular following binding with iron and copper. Ascorbate forms a complex with Fe3+ followed by reduction to Fe2+, which may potentiate free radical production. The biological and clinical activities of iron, ascorbate and the ascorbate–iron complex can also be affected by many nutrients and pharmaceutical preparations. Optimal therapeutic strategies of improved efficacy and lower toxicity could be designed for the use of ascorbate, iron and the iron–ascorbate complex in different clinical conditions based on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity (ADMET), pharmacokinetic, redox and other properties. Similar strategies could also be designed in relation to their interactions with food components and pharmaceuticals, as well as in relation to other aspects concerning personalized medicine.
Collapse
|
27
|
Marañón RO, Joo Turoni CM, Peral de Bruno M. Disparate Effect of Antioxidant Supplements on the Basal Tone and Vascular Remodeling of the Aorta in Hypertensive Rats. J Vasc Res 2020; 57:261-275. [PMID: 32554967 DOI: 10.1159/000507368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the vascular tone in hypertension; however, the mechanisms remain unclear. AIM This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect of tempol and vitamin C (Vit-C) on the basal tone and vascular remodeling of the aorta in nitric oxide (NO) deficiency-induced hypertensive rats. METHOD Male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced to hypertension by Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Animals were randomized as follows: vehicle (Control: CR), CR-tempol, CR-Vit-C, L-NAME, L-NAME-tempol, and L-NAME-Vit-C. After 6 weeks of treatment, the basal aortic tone was evaluated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and calcium-free medium. Endothelial function, NO, reduced-to-oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, resting membrane potential (mP), and vascular remodeling were also measured. RESULTS L-NAME rats showed an increased basal tone that was blunted by both SNP (-547 ± 69; n = 7 vs. CR: -7.5 ± 6.7 mg; n = 7; p < 0.001) and calcium-free medium. Tempol or Vit-C did not reverse hypertension, and the high basal tone was decreased only with tempol. In L-NAME rats, only tempol partially improved endothelial function, GSH-to-GSSG ratio, mP values, and vascular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Tempol decreased calcium-dependent basal aortic tone and improved vascular homeostasis in L-NAME rats. Vit-C did not lead to a similar effect, suggesting that alterations in the superoxide dismutase pathway may play a role in the basal aortic tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo O Marañón
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudio M Joo Turoni
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Peral de Bruno
- Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO), CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Oral vitamin C treatment increases polymorphonuclear cell functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control. Nutr Res 2020; 79:50-59. [PMID: 32610257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of vitamin C on polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell functions in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control. We hypothesized that oral vitamin C treatment improves PMN cell functions. Patients (14) received either a vitamin C (1000 mg/d) or placebo (anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate) tablet for 6 weeks and were subjected to a 6-week washout period followed by a 6-week treatment crossover period. Blood samples were collected at pretreatment and posttreatment for PMN cell functions (by flow cytometry) and plasma vitamin C concentration. Phagocytosis was examined by incubating whole blood samples with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled Staphylococcus aureus, and oxidative burst was simultaneously evaluated by adding hydroethidine. In comparison with placebo, vitamin C increased both PMN cell phagocytosis (pretreatment: placebo, 17.8% ± 1.6% and vitamin C, 19.0% ± 3.4%, P = .70; posttreatment: placebo, 16.6% ± 1.7% and vitamin C, 27.1% ± 2.9%, P = .005) and oxidative burst (pretreatment: placebo, 6.4% ± 0.8% and vitamin C, 7.1% ± 1.2%, P = .60; posttreatment: placebo, 6.9% ± 1.3% and vitamin C, 12.1% ± 1.6%, P = .02). The plasma vitamin C concentration was elevated after vitamin C treatment as compared with that before treatment (P < .001) and was higher than that observed in the placebo treatment group (P < .01). Plasma vitamin C concentration and PMN cell functions were not significantly different before both treatments. We conclude that the 6-week 1000-mg/d vitamin C increased PMN phagocytosis and oxidative burst in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fagbohun OF, Awoniran PO, Babalola OO, Agboola FK, Msagati TAM. Changes in the biochemical, hematological and histopathological parameters in STZ-Induced diabetic rats and the ameliorative effect of Kigelia africana fruit extract. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03989. [PMID: 32462092 PMCID: PMC7243140 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biochemical, hematological and histological changes are major observable clinical and pathological factors associated with Diabetes mellitus. Derangement in the levels of these parameters increases the risk of the development of complications. In another hand, gastrointestinal intolerance due to the development of lactic acidosis on the gastrointestinal tract and the intestinal microbiome is the toxic side effect of various synthetic antidiabetic agents. The use of Kigelia africana fruit extract for the treatment of diabetes has been scientifically validated. This study therefore aimed at investigating changes in the biochemical, hematological and histological parameters as well as the determination of the functional groups present in the hexane fraction of the fruit. Methods The fruits were extracted with ethanol and partitioned with n-hexane to obtain the hexane fraction. Diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each and treated with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW) hexane fraction alongside reference standard; glibenclamide. Fasting blood glucose levels and their body weights were monitored weekly. Animals were sacrificed at the end of 28-day treatment. Blood, liver, and kidney were collected for biochemical, hematological and histopathological analyses. Fourier transform infrared resonance (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis was carried out on the hexane fraction for functional group determination. Results The hexane fraction of K. africana fruit extract decreased fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels significantly with ameliorative effects on the hematological parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cells (RBC) etc. There were significant regenerative differences in the biochemical activities as well as the renal cortex and midzone sections of the rat's kidney and liver when compared with untreated diabetic rats. The presence of polyphenolic functional groups via FTIR analysis suggested high antioxidant activities of the fruit extract. Conclusion The use of Kigelia africana fruit extracts protects against biochemical, hematological and histological changes that are injurious to diabetic patients. Therefore, Kigelia africana fruit is a good hepatic- and nephroprotective agent and has a hemato-protective ability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo F Fagbohun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, First Technical University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Paul O Awoniran
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi O Babalola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Femi K Agboola
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Titus A M Msagati
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hornung TC, Biesalski HK. Glut-1 explains the evolutionary advantage of the loss of endogenous vitamin C-synthesis: The electron transfer hypothesis. EVOLUTION MEDICINE AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 2019:221-231. [PMID: 31857900 PMCID: PMC6915226 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Introduction During evolution, some species including humans, monkeys and fruit bats lost the ability for ascorbic acid (AA) biosynthesis due to inactivation of the enzyme l-gulono-lactone oxidase (GLO) and subsequently became dependent on dietary vitamin C. There are four current hypotheses in relation to the benefit of vitamin C dependence in the context of adaptation and reproduction. Here we advance and test a new ‘electron transfer hypothesis’, which focusses on the role of the expression of glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) in red blood cells (RBCs) in recycling vitamin C, thereby increasing the efficiency of micronutrient uptake. Methods To evaluate the benefit of Glut-1 expression, we determined vitamin C uptake into RBCs and potential release from two different species, humans with l-Gulono-lactone-oxidase (GLO-loss) and pigs with functional GLO. Results The oxidized form of vitamin C (dehydroascorbate, DHA) was transported into human RBCs via Glut-1. There was no transport of either the reduced (AA) or the oxidized vitamin in pig erythrocytes. Conclusion We propose that the transport of vitamin C increases an intracellular electron pool, which transfers electrons from intracellular ascorbate to extracellular substances like ascorbyl free radical or DHA, resulting in 100-fold smaller daily requirement of this essential redox sensitive micronutrient. This would be an advantage during seasonal changes of the availability from food and may be the key for the survival of individuals without vitamin C biosynthesis. Lay Summary 40 million years ago some individuals lost the ability to synthesize vitamin C. Why did they survive such as humans until now? Individuals with a specific glucose transporter Glut-1 on their erythrocytes which transports vitamin C need less and are protected from scarcity due to seasons and food competitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabea C Hornung
- Department of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| | - Hans-Konrad Biesalski
- Department of Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 30, Stuttgart 70593, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jin H, Zhu B, Liu X, Jin J, Zou H. Metabolic characterization of diabetic retinopathy: An 1H-NMR-based metabolomic approach using human aqueous humor. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:414-421. [PMID: 31212142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Patients with a long duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) usually have accompanied complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR), which is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment among working-age persons in developed countries; nevertheless, some patients have no complications. Thus, various studies, including genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies, have been conducted to identify potential biomarkers for predicting DR and to reveal the underlying disease mechanism. Although metabolomics could be a powerful tool for characterizing aqueous eye fluids and revealing the metabolic signatures of common ocular diseases such as DR, studies about its relationship with DR are limited. Moreover, to our knowledge, no previous study has applied a metabolomic approach to investigate the aqueous humor in DR. Therefore, we performed an NMR-based metabolomic study of the aqueous humor of patients with DM and cataract (DM, n = 13), DR and cataract (DR, n = 14), and senile cataract (CON, n = 7) to investigate the metabolic alterations accompanying the development of DR. Principal component analysis, average change analysis, and heatmap analysis revealed that lactate, succinate, 2-hydroxybutyrate, asparagine, dimethylamine, histidine, threonine, and glutamine were the most altered metabolites that potentially play roles in the development and progression of DR. The highly activated alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathway was selected using pathway analysis. The phenotypic metabolomic analyses of the aqueous humor indicated an alteration in the metabolic pathways of energy metabolism and amino acids in DR patients which was to some extent suggestive of the pathophysiological process of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress/endothelial damage. It provides a proof of concept that metabolomic analysis using the aqueous humor of DM patients may be a reliable method to improve the accuracy of predicting the development and progression of DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China; Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Diseases Prevention and Treatment Center/Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
El-Aal AA, El-Ghffar EAA, Ghali AA, Zughbur MR, Sirdah MM. The effect of vitamin C and/or E supplementations on type 2 diabetic adult males under metformin treatment: A single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2018; 12:483-489. [PMID: 29571976 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the influence of antioxidant vitamins on the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic therapy in type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). This single-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin C and/or E supplementation on the efficacy of oral hypoglycemic therapy in T2DM Palestinian male patients from the Gaza Strip. METHODS Forty T2DM male patients aged 40-60 years on metformin treatment were randomly divided into four groups, each group received an additional one of the following daily oral supplements for 90 days: placebo; vitamin C; vitamin E and vitamin C plus vitamin E. After overnight fasting, venous blood specimens were collected from all individuals into K3-EDTA tubes and serum tubes for measuring the biochemical and hematological parameters of the study at baseline and after 90 days of vitamins supplementation. RESULTS The results revealed that vitamin C and/or E improve fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1c, lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), reduced glutathione (GSH); and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QISCI) compared with diabetic patients group that received placebo. CONCLUSION This study provided additional evidence on the beneficial effects of supplementing antioxidant vitamins in T2DM which could improve the clinical condition and attenuate or prevent diabetic pathogenesis and complications that, secondly to poor glycemic control, could attribute to the imbalance between the decline in the endogenous antioxidants and increasing production of the reactive oxygen species leading to the oxidant-mediated damage present in the diabetic context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abd El-Aal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Asmaa Abu Ghali
- Directorate of Central Laboratories, Palestinian Ministry of Health, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Mohammed R Zughbur
- Faculty of Medicine, Al Azhar University Gaza, Ministry of Health, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud M Sirdah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Gaza, Palestine.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
|
35
|
Balbi ME, Tonin FS, Mendes AM, Borba HH, Wiens A, Fernandez-Llimos F, Pontarolo R. Antioxidant effects of vitamins in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2018; 10:18. [PMID: 29568330 PMCID: PMC5853104 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-018-0318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamins are essential micronutrients with antioxidant potential that may provide a complementary treatment for patients with chronic diseases. Our aim was to assess the effect of vitamin supplementation on the antioxidant status and glycemic index of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS We performed a systematic review with meta-analyses. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (December 2017). Randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of any vitamin or vitamin complex supplementation on antioxidant status as primary outcome were included. The outcomes considered were: reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA); augmentation of glutathione peroxidase (GPx); changes in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), enhance in superoxide dismutase enzyme-SOD, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Outcomes of glycemic control were also evaluated. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed using software Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS Thirty trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria, but only 12 could be included in the meta-analyses of antioxidant outcomes. The most commonly studied vitamins were B, C, D and E. Vitamin E was related to significant reduction of blood glucose as well as glycated hemoglobin compared to placebo, while both vitamins C and E were mainly associated with reducing MDA and TBARS and elevating GPx, SOD and TAC, compared to placebo. However, outcome reports in this field are still inconsistent (e.g. because of a lack of standard measures). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of vitamin E may be a valuable strategy for controlling diabetes complications and enhancing antioxidant capacity. The effects of other micronutrients should be further investigated in larger and well-designed trials to properly place these complementary therapies in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Balbi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Programme, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Tonin
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Programme, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Mendes
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Programme, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Helena H. Borba
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prof. Lothario Meissner 632, Curitiba, 80210-170 Brazil
| | - Astrid Wiens
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prof. Lothario Meissner 632, Curitiba, 80210-170 Brazil
| | - Fernando Fernandez-Llimos
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Av. Prof. Lothario Meissner 632, Curitiba, 80210-170 Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ali MA, Eid RM, Hanafi MY. Vitamin C and E chronic supplementation differentially affect hepatic insulin signaling in rats. Life Sci 2018; 194:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Vitamin C is essential to prevent scurvy in humans and is implicated in the primary prevention of common and complex diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. This chapter reviews the latest knowledge about dietary vitamin C in human health with an emphasis on studies of the molecular mechanisms of vitamin C maintenance as well as gene-nutrient interactions modifying these relationships. Epidemiological evidence indicates 5% prevalence for vitamin C deficiency and 13% prevalence for suboptimal status even in industrialized countries. The daily intake (dose) and the corresponding systemic concentrations (response) are related in a saturable relationship, and low systemic vitamin C concentrations in observational studies are associated with negative health outcomes. However, there is no evidence that vitamin C supplementation impacts the risks for all-cause mortality, impaired cognitive performance, reduced quality of life, the development of eye diseases, infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. This might be related to the fact that prevention would not be realized by supplementation in populations already adequately supplied through dietary sources. Recent genetic association studies indicate that the dietary intake might not be the sole determinant of systemic concentrations, since variations in genes participating in redox homeostasis and vitamin C transport had been associated with lowered plasma concentrations. However, impact sizes are generally low and these phenomena might only affect individual of suboptimal dietary supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Granger
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ji X, Hu X, Zou C, Ruan H, Fan X, Tang C, Shi W, Mei L, Zhu H, Hussain M, Zeng L, Zhang X, Wu X. Vitamin C deficiency exacerbates diabetic glomerular injury through activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2186-2195. [PMID: 28652077 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hyperglycemia and hyperoxidation that characterize diabetes lead to reduced vitamin C (VC) in diabetic humans and experimentally diabetic animals. Herein, we access the effects of VC deficiency on the diabetic kidney injury and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS l-gulonolactone oxidase conventional knockout (Gulo-/-) mice genetically unable to synthesize VC were subjected to streptozotocin-induced diabetic kidney injury and the role of VC deficiency was evaluated by biochemical and histological approaches. Rat mesangial cells were cultured to investigate the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Functionally, VC deficiency aggravates the streptozotocin-induced renal insufficiency, exhibiting the increased urine albumin, water intake, and urine volume in Gulo-/- mice. Morphologically, VC deficiency exacerbates the streptozotocin-induced kidney injury, exhibiting the increased glomerular expansion, deposition of Periodic Acid-Schiff- and Masson-positive materials, and expression of α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin and type 4 collagen in glomeruli of Gulo-/- mice. Mechanistically, VC activates protein kinase B (Akt) to destabilize Ski and thereby induce the expression of Smad7, resulting in suppression of TGF-β/Smad signaling and extracellular matrix deposition in mesangial cells. CONCLUSIONS VC is essential for the renal function maintenance in diabetes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Compensation for the loss of VC could be an effective remedy for diabetic kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chaochun Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Children Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Hongfeng Ruan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xueying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liu Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haibin Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linghui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Wuhan University College of Life Science, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gillani SW, Sulaiman SAS, Abdul MIM, Baig MR. Combined effect of metformin with ascorbic acid versus acetyl salicylic acid on diabetes-related cardiovascular complication; a 12-month single blind multicenter randomized control trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2017; 16:103. [PMID: 28807030 PMCID: PMC5556597 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-017-0584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to investigate the efficacy of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid among type II diabetes mellitus patients using metformin (only) for diabetes management therapy. Method A 12-month single blinded multicenter randomized control trial was designed to investigate the measured variables [Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), Renal function, Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) etc.]. The trial was randomized into 2 experimental parallel arms (ascorbic acid vs acetylsalicylic acid) were blinded with study supplements in combination with metformin and findings were compared to control arm with metformin alone and blinded with placebo. Withdrawal criteria was defined to maintain the equity and balance in the participants in the whole trial. Finding Patients with metformin and ascorbic acid (parallel arm I) was twice more likely to reduce HbA1c than metformin alone (control arm) in a year (OR 2.31 (95% CI 1.87–4.42) p < 0.001). Also Parallel arm I was ten times more likely to reduced risk factors contributing to long-term diabetes complications than participants of arm II in a year (OR 10.38 (95% CI 6.91–15.77) p < 0.001). In contrast, parallel arm II patients were seven times more effective to reduce the risk of expected CVD development in 10 years than arm I (OR 7.54 (95% CI 3.76–10.32) p < 0.001). Conclusions The trial concluded that ascorbic acid with metformin is more effective against reducing risks for diabetes related long-term complications (including ACR). TRIAL details Registration No: NTR-6100, Registry Name: Netherlands Trial Registry, URL: http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6100, Date of Registration: 20th October, 2016, Date of first Enrollment: 1 November, 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0584-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Wasif Gillani
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Al-Madinah Munawarah, Saudi Arabia. .,Pharmacotherapy Research Group, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,Pharmacotherapy Research Group, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | | | - Mohi Iqbal Mohammad Abdul
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Al-Madinah Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.,College of Pharmacy, University of Philippines, Quezon, Philippines
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Vitamin C Status Correlates with Markers of Metabolic and Cognitive Health in 50-Year-Olds: Findings of the CHALICE Cohort Study. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080831. [PMID: 28771190 PMCID: PMC5579624 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cohort of 50-year-olds from Canterbury, New Zealand (N = 404), representative of midlife adults, undertook comprehensive health and dietary assessments. Fasting plasma vitamin C concentrations (N = 369) and dietary vitamin C intake (N = 250) were determined. The mean plasma vitamin C concentration was 44.2 µmol/L (95% CI 42.4, 46.0); 62% of the cohort had inadequate plasma vitamin C concentrations (i.e., <50 µmol/L), 13% of the cohort had hypovitaminosis C (i.e., <23 µmol/L), and 2.4% had plasma vitamin C concentrations indicating deficiency (i.e., <11 µmol/L). Men had a lower mean plasma vitamin C concentration than women, and a higher percentage of vitamin C inadequacy and deficiency. A higher prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and deficiency was observed in those of lower socio-economic status and in current smokers. Adults with higher vitamin C levels exhibited lower weight, BMI and waist circumference, and better measures of metabolic health, including HbA1c, insulin and triglycerides, all risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Lower levels of mild cognitive impairment were observed in those with the highest plasma vitamin C concentrations. Plasma vitamin C showed a stronger correlation with markers of metabolic health and cognitive impairment than dietary vitamin C.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gene-Diet Interactions in Type 2 Diabetes: The Chicken and Egg Debate. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061188. [PMID: 28574454 PMCID: PMC5486011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence from both experimental and human studies indicates that Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Nutrients and dietary patterns are important environmental factors to consider in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease. Nutritional genomics focuses on the interaction between bioactive food components and the genome and includes studies of nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics and epigenetic modifications caused by nutrients. There is evidence supporting the existence of nutrient-gene and T2DM interactions coming from animal studies and family-based intervention studies. Moreover, many case-control, cohort, cross-sectional cohort studies and clinical trials have identified relationships between individual genetic load, diet and T2DM. Some of these studies were on a large scale. In addition, studies with animal models and human observational studies, in different countries over periods of time, support a causative relationship between adverse nutritional conditions during in utero development, persistent epigenetic changes and T2DM. This review provides comprehensive information on the current state of nutrient-gene interactions and their role in T2DM pathogenesis, the relationship between individual genetic load and diet, and the importance of epigenetic factors in influencing gene expression and defining the individual risk of T2DM.
Collapse
|
42
|
Targeting endothelial metaflammation to counteract diabesity cardiovascular risk: Current and perspective therapeutic options. Pharmacol Res 2017; 120:226-241. [PMID: 28408314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The association of obesity and diabetes, termed "diabesity", defines a combination of primarily metabolic disorders with insulin resistance as the underlying common pathophysiology. Cardiovascular disorders associated with diabesity represent the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. This makes diabesity, with its rising impacts on both health and economics, one of the most challenging biomedical and social threats of present century. The emerging comprehension of the genes whose alteration confers inter-individual differences on risk factors for diabetes or obesity, together with the potential role of genetically determined variants on mechanisms controlling responsiveness, effectiveness and safety of anti-diabetic therapy underlines the need of additional knowledge on molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of diabesity. Endothelial cell dysfunction, resulting from the unbalanced production of endothelial-derived vascular mediators, is known to be present at the earliest stages of insulin resistance and obesity, and may precede the clinical diagnosis of diabetes by several years. Once considered as a mere consequence of metabolic abnormalities, it is now clear that endothelial dysfunctional activity may play a pivotal role in the progression of diabesity. In the vicious circle where vascular defects and metabolic disturbances worsen and reinforce each other, a low-grade, chronic, and 'cold' inflammation (metaflammation) has been suggested to serve as the pathophysiological link that binds endothelial and metabolic dysfunctions. In this paradigm, it is important to consider how traditional antidiabetic treatments (specifically addressing metabolic dysregulation) may directly impact on inflammatory processes or cardiovascular function. Indeed, not all drugs currently available to treat diabetes possess the same anti-inflammatory potential, or target endothelial cell function equally. Perspective strategies pointing at reducing metaflammation or directly addressing endothelial dysfunction may disclose beneficial consequences on metabolic regulation. This review focuses on existing and potential new approaches ameliorating endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in the context of diabesity.
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
Hypertension, the most common preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and death, is a growing health burden. Serious cardiovascular complications result from target organ damage including cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease and renal failure. While many systems contribute to blood pressure (BP) elevation, the vascular system is particularly important because vascular dysfunction is a cause and consequence of hypertension. Hypertension is characterised by a vascular phenotype of endothelial dysfunction, arterial remodelling, vascular inflammation and increased stiffness. Antihypertensive drugs that influence vascular changes associated with high BP have greater efficacy for reducing cardiovascular risk than drugs that reduce BP, but have little or no effect on the adverse vascular phenotype. Angiotensin converting enzyme ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) improve endothelial function and prevent vascular remodelling. Calcium channel blockers also improve endothelial function, although to a lesser extent than ACEIs and ARBs. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers improve endothelial function and reduce arterial stiffness, and have recently become more established as antihypertensive drugs. Lifestyle factors are essential in preventing the adverse vascular changes associated with high BP and reducing associated cardiovascular risk. Clinicians and scientists should incorporate these factors into treatment decisions for patients with high BP, as well as in the development of new antihypertensive drugs that promote vascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan C Cameron
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ninian N Lang
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 126 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Effects of vitamin C supplementation on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:1371-1380. [PMID: 28294172 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have observed contrasting results on the effects of vitamin C on circulating biomarkers of glycaemic and insulin regulation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs testing the effect of vitamin C administration on glucose, HbA1c and insulin concentrations. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library) were used to retrieve RCTs published from inception until April 2016 and testing the effects of vitamin C in adult participants. The screening of 2008 articles yielded 22 eligible studies (937 participants). Overall, vitamin C did not modify glucose, HbA1c and insulin concentrations. However, subgroup analyses showed that vitamin C significantly reduced glucose concentrations (-0.44 mmol/l, 95% CI: -0.81, -0.07, P=0.01) in patients with type 2 diabetes and in interventions with a duration greater than 30 days (-0.53%, 95% CI: -0.79, -0.10, P=0.02). Vitamin C administration had greater effects on fasting (-13.63 pmol/l, 95% CI: -22.73, -4.54, P<0.01) compared to postprandial insulin concentration. Meta-regression analyses showed that age was a modifier of the effect of vitamin C on insulin concentration. Furthermore, the effect size was associated with baseline BMI and plasma glucose levels, and with the duration of the intervention. In conclusion, greater reduction in glucose concentrations observed in patients with diabetes, older individuals and with more prolonged supplementation. Personalised interventions with vitamin C may represent a feasible future strategy to enhance benefits and efficacy of interventions. Nevertheless, results need to be interpreted cautiously due to limitations in the primary studies analysed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Dal S, Sigrist S. The Protective Effect of Antioxidants Consumption on Diabetes and Vascular Complications. Diseases 2016; 4:E24. [PMID: 28933404 PMCID: PMC5456287 DOI: 10.3390/diseases4030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes is generally accompanied by a chronic state of oxidative stress, disequilibrium in the redox balance, implicated in the development and progression of complications such as micro- and macro-angiopathies. Disorders in the inner layer of blood vessels, the endothelium, play an early and critical role in the development of these complications. Blunted endothelium-dependent relaxation and/or contractions are quietly associated to oxidative stress. Thus, preserving endothelial function and oxidative stress seems to be an optimization strategy in the prevention of vascular complications associated with diabetes. Diet is a major lifestyle factor that can greatly influence the incidence and the progression of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications. The notion that foods not only provide basic nutrition but can also prevent diseases and ensure good health and longevity is now attained greater prominence. Some dietary and lifestyle modifications associated to antioxidative supply could be an effective prophylactic means to fight against oxidative stress in diabesity and complications. A significant benefit of phytochemicals (polyphenols in wine, grape, teas), vitamins (ascorbate, tocopherol), minerals (selenium, magnesium), and fruits and vegetables in foods is thought to be capable of scavenging free radicals, lowering the incidence of chronic diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in diabetes and complications, highlight the endothelial dysfunction, and examine the impact of antioxidant foods, plants, fruits, and vegetables, currently used medication with antioxidant properties, in relation to the development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Dal
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
| | - Séverine Sigrist
- DIATHEC EA 7294 UMR Centre Européen d'Etude du Diabète (CeeD), Université de Strasbourg (UdS), boulevard René Leriche, Strasbourg 67200, France.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
May JM. Ascorbic acid repletion: A possible therapy for diabetic macular edema? Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 94:47-54. [PMID: 26898503 PMCID: PMC4844774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Macular edema poses a significant risk for visual loss in persons with diabetic retinopathy. It occurs when plasma constituents and fluid leak out of damaged retinal microvasculature in the area of the macula, causing loss of central vision. Apoptotic loss of pericytes surrounding capillaries is perhaps the earliest feature of diabetic vascular damage in the macula, which is also associated with dysfunction of the endothelium and loss of the otherwise very tight endothelial permeability barrier. Increased oxidative stress is a key feature of damage to both cell types, mediated by excess superoxide from glucose-induced increases in mitochondrial metabolism, as well as by activation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The latter in turn activates multiple pathways, some of which lead to increased oxidative stress, such as those involving NF-ĸB, NADPH oxidase, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Such cellular oxidative stress is associated with low cellular and plasma ascorbic acid levels in many subjects with diabetes in poor glycemic control. Whether repletion of low ascorbate in retinal endothelium and pericytes might help to prevent diabetic macular edema is unknown. However, cell culture studies show that the vitamin prevents high-glucose and RAGE-induced apoptosis in both cell types, that it preserves nitric oxide generated by endothelial cells, and that it tightens the leaky endothelial permeability barrier. Although these findings need to be confirmed in pre-clinical animal studies, it is worth considering clinical trials to determine whether adequate ascorbate repletion is possible and whether it might help to delay or even reverse early diabetic macular edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6303, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Padayatty SJ, Levine M. Vitamin C: the known and the unknown and Goldilocks. Oral Dis 2016; 22:463-93. [PMID: 26808119 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid), the antiscorbutic vitamin, cannot be synthesized by humans and other primates, and has to be obtained from diet. Ascorbic acid is an electron donor and acts as a cofactor for fifteen mammalian enzymes. Two sodium-dependent transporters are specific for ascorbic acid, and its oxidation product dehydroascorbic acid is transported by glucose transporters. Ascorbic acid is differentially accumulated by most tissues and body fluids. Plasma and tissue vitamin C concentrations are dependent on amount consumed, bioavailability, renal excretion, and utilization. To be biologically meaningful or to be clinically relevant, in vitro and in vivo studies of vitamin C actions have to take into account physiologic concentrations of the vitamin. In this paper, we review vitamin C physiology; the many phenomena involving vitamin C where new knowledge has accrued or where understanding remains limited; raise questions about the vitamin that remain to be answered; and explore lines of investigations that are likely to be fruitful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Padayatty
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mason SA, Della Gatta PA, Snow RJ, Russell AP, Wadley GD. Ascorbic acid supplementation improves skeletal muscle oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes: Findings of a randomized controlled study. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 93:227-38. [PMID: 26774673 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Skeletal muscle insulin resistance and oxidative stress are characteristic metabolic disturbances in people with type 2 diabetes. Studies in insulin resistant rodents show an improvement in skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress following antioxidant supplementation. We therefore investigated the potential ameliorative effects of antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress in people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Participants with stable glucose control commenced a randomized cross-over study involving four months of AA (2 × 500 mg/day) or placebo supplementation. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using a hyperinsulinaemic, euglycaemic clamp coupled with infusion of 6,6-D2 glucose. Muscle biopsies were measured for AA concentration and oxidative stress markers that included basal measures (2',7'-dichlorofluorescin [DCFH] oxidation, ratio of reduced-to-oxidized glutathione [GSH/GSSG] and F2-Isoprostanes) and insulin-stimulated measures (DCFH oxidation). Antioxidant concentrations, citrate synthase activity and protein abundances of sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2), total Akt and phosphorylated Akt (ser473) were also measured in muscle samples. RESULTS AA supplementation significantly increased insulin-mediated glucose disposal (delta rate of glucose disappearance; ∆Rd) (p=0.009), peripheral insulin-sensitivity index (p=0.046), skeletal muscle AA concentration (p=0.017) and muscle SVCT2 protein expression (p=0.008); but significantly decreased skeletal muscle DCFH oxidation during hyperinsulinaemia (p=0.007) when compared with placebo. Total superoxide dismutase activity was also lower following AA supplementation when compared with placebo (p=0.006). Basal oxidative stress markers, citrate synthase activity, endogenous glucose production, HbA1C and muscle Akt expression were not significantly altered by AA supplementation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In summary, oral AA supplementation ameliorates skeletal muscle oxidative stress during hyperinsulinaemia and improves insulin-mediated glucose disposal in people with type 2 diabetes. Findings implicate AA supplementation as a potentially inexpensive, convenient, and effective adjunct therapy in the treatment of insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Paul A Della Gatta
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Rod J Snow
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition (C-PAN) Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bogdański P, Suliburska J, Szulińska M, Sikora M, Walkowiak J, Jakubowski H. L-Arginine and vitamin C attenuate pro-atherogenic effects of high-fat diet on biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 76:100-6. [PMID: 26653556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) is known to cause endothelial dysfunction and contribute to atherosclerosis progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of L-arginine (L-Arg) and vitamin C supplementation as a potentially useful strategy for modulation of serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), oxidative stress, and insulin resistance induced by HFD in rats. Six weeks-old female and male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of twelve rats each and treated for six weeks with: group 1, standard diet; group 2, HFD; group 3, HFD supplemented with L-Arg (20g/kg diet); group 4, HFD supplemented with L-Arg (20g/kg diet) plus vitamin C (100mg/kg diet); group 5, HFD supplemented with vitamin C (100mg/kg diet). HFD significantly elevated TNF-α, reduced total antioxidant status (TAS), and increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Significant increases of total cholesterol (TCH), LDL cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and a decrease of HDL cholesterol (HDL) were observed in HFD rats. Supplementation with l-Arg prevented the decrease of TAS and the increases in HOMA-IR, LDL, and TG levels. Moreover, Hcy and TNF-α levels were reduced in L-Arg supplemented group. Supplementation with vitamin C significantly atenuated TAS decrease and lowered LDL levels. L-Arg plus vitamin C enhanced L-Arg effect on TAS and protected against TNF-α increase. Western blot analysis showed that l-Arg supplementation of HFD rats reduced the level of protein carbonyls. Taken together, these findings indicate that supplemental l-arginine and/or vitamin C, by their abilities to modulate biomarkers of HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction, are anti-atherogenic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Bogdański
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Str., 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Suliburska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31 Str., 60-624 Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Department of Education and Obesity Treatment and Metabolic Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Str., 60-569 Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Sikora
- European Centre for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Piotrowo 1 Str., 61-138 Poznan, Poland
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna 27/33 Str., 60-572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hieronim Jakubowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11 Str., 60-632 Poznan, Poland; Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Noskowskiego 12/14 Str., 61-704 Poznan, Poland; Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, Rutgers University, New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ 07103-3535, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Khodaeian M, Tabatabaei-Malazy O, Qorbani M, Farzadfar F, Amini P, Larijani B. Effect of vitamins C and E on insulin resistance in diabetes: a meta-analysis study. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1161-74. [PMID: 26313310 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data regarding the effect of vitamin C (VC) and vitamin E (VE) supplementation on insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are controversial. We aimed to systematically review the current data on this topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted to assess the effect of VC and/or VE on insulin resistance in diabetes published in Google Scholar and PubMed web databases until January 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria were studies conducted in animal, type 1 DM, children or pregnant women. Main outcome measure was insulin resistance by homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index. According to degree of heterogeneity, fixed- or random-effect model was employed by stata software (11.0). RESULTS We selected 14 RCTs involving 735 patients with T2DM. VE or mixture-mode supplementation did not have any significant effect on HOMA with a standardized mean difference (SMD): 0·017, 95% CI: -0·376 to 0·411 (P = 0·932); and SMD: -0·035, 95% CI: -0·634 to 0·025 (P = 0·070), respectively, by random-effect model. VC supplement alone did not improve insulin resistance with a SMD: -0·150, 95% CI: -0·494 to 0·194 (P = 0·391), by fixed-effect model. Meta-regression test demonstrated that HOMA index may have not been influenced by the year of publication, dosage or duration of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The sole intake of VC, VE or their combination with other antioxidants could not improve insulin resistance in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Khodaeian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ozra Tabatabaei-Malazy
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Farzadfar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Amini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|