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Thiagarajan D, Quadri N, Jawahar S, Zirpoli H, Del Pozo CH, López-Díez R, Hasan SN, Yepuri G, Gugger PF, Finlin BS, Kern PA, Gabbay K, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase promotes diet-induced obesity via induction of senescence in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1647-1658. [PMID: 35894077 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aldose reductase (AKR1B1 in humans; Akr1b3 in mice), a key enzyme of the polyol pathway, mediates lipid accumulation in the murine heart and liver. The study objective was to explore potential roles for AKR1B1/Akr1b3 in the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications. METHODS The study employed mice treated with an inhibitor of aldose reductase or mice devoid of Akr1b3 were used to determine their response to a high-fat diet. The study used subcutaneous adipose tissue-derived adipocytes to investigate mechanisms by which AKR1B1/Akr1b3 promotes diet-induced obesity. RESULTS Increased expression of aldose reductase and senescence in the adipose tissue of humans and mice with obesity were demonstrated. Genetic deletion of Akr1b3 or pharmacological blockade of AKRIB3 with zopolrestat reduced high-fat-diet-induced obesity, attenuated markers of adipose tissue senescence, and increased lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS AKR1B1/Akr1b3 modulation of senescence in subcutaneous adipose tissue contributes to aberrant metabolic responses to high-fat feeding. These data unveil new opportunities to target these pathways to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shabnam Jawahar
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hylde Zirpoli
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmen Hurtado Del Pozo
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Syed Nurul Hasan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gautham Yepuri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul F Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian S Finlin
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Philip A Kern
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Jiang W, Li J, Cai Y, Liu W, Chen M, Xu X, Deng M, Sun J, Zhou L, Huang Y, Wu S, Cheng X. The Novel lncRNA ENST00000530525 Affects ANO1, Contributing to Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Cultured hCMEC/D3 Cells Under OGD/R Conditions. Front Genet 2022; 13:873230. [PMID: 35754821 PMCID: PMC9213740 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.873230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major neurological disease with high fatality and residual disability burdens. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play an important role in IS. However, the roles and significance of most lncRNAs in IS are still unknown. This study was performed to identify differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs using a lncRNA microarray in whole blood samples of patients suffering from acute cerebral ischemia. Bioinformatics analyses, including GO, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and proximity to putative stroke risk location analysis were performed. The novel lncRNA, ENST00000530525, significantly decreased after IS. Furthermore, we evaluated lncRNA ENST00000530525 expression in cultured hCMEC/D3 cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) conditions using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis. To investigate the function of lncRNA ENST00000530525, its over-expression (OE) and negative control (NC) plasmids were transfected into hCMEC/D3 cells, and cell viability was detected by a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay after OGD/R. LncRNA ENST00000530525 and ANO1 expression were investigated using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence. For blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, FITC-dextran transendothelial permeability assay and tight junction (TJ) protein immunofluorescence assays were performed. There were 3352 DE lncRNAs in the blood samples of acute IS patients. The validation results were consistent with the gene chip data. The GO and KEGG results showed that these lncRNAs were mainly related to oxygen and glucose metabolism, leukocyte transendothelial migration, mitophagy and cellular senescence. Among these, lncRNA ENST00000530525 was the most highly downregulated lncRNA and it was mapped within the IS-associated gene anoctamin-1 (ANO1). We further found that lncRNA ENST00000530525 was downregulated in hCMEC/D3 cells under 4 h OGD and 20 h reoxygenation (OGD4/R20) conditions. Upregulating lncRNA ENST00000530525 by plasmid transfection decreased cell viability while increasing ANO1 expression and it contributed to BBB injury in hCMEC/D3 cells after OGD4/R20. The lncRNA ENST00000530525 might play deleterious roles in post-stroke pathogenesis. These results show that some DE lncRNAs in humans participate through characteristic roles in post-stroke pathogenesis; thus, the roles and significance of some novel lncRNAs in IS warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuefang Cai
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchen Liu
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Minzhen Deng
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Sun Yat-Sen School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Second Institute of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine/The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Nivetha R, Arvindhvv S, Baba AB, Gade DR, Gopal G, K C, Kallamadi KPR, Reddy GB, Nagini S. Nimbolide, a Neem Limonoid, Inhibits Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer by Abrogating Aldose Reductase Mediated IGF-1/PI3K/Akt Signaling. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2619-2636. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220204115151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background & Objectives:
There is growing evidence to implicate the insulin/IGF-1R/PI3K/Akt signaling cascade in breast cancer development and the central role of aldose reductase (AR) in mediating the crosstalk between this pathway and angiogenesis. The current study was designed to investigate whether nimbolide, a neem limonoid, targets this oncogenic signaling network to prevent angiogenesis in breast cancer.
Methods:
Breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231), EAhy926 endothelial cells, MDA-MB-231 xenografted nude mice, and tumour tissues from breast cancer patients were used for the study. Expression of AR and key players in IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling and angiogenesis was evaluated by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry. Molecular docking and simulation, overexpression, and knockdown experiments were performed to determine whether nimbolide targets AR and IGF-1R
Results:
Nimbolide inhibited AR with consequent blockade of the IGF-1/PI3K/Akt and HIF-1/VEGF signaling circuit by influencing the phosphorylation and intracellular localisation of key signaling molecules. Downregulation of DNMT-1, HDAC-6, miR-21, HOTAIR, and H19 with upregulation of miR-148a/miR-152 indicated that nimbolide regulates AR and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling via epigenetic modifications. Coadministration of nimbolide with metformin and the chemotherapeutic drugs tamoxifen/cisplatin displayed higher efficacy than single agents in inhibiting IGF-1/PI3K/Akt/AR signaling. Grade-wise increases in IGF-1R and AR expression in breast cancer tissues underscore their value as biomarkers of progression.
Conclusions:
This study provides evidence for the anticancer effects of nimbolide in cellular and mouse models of breast cancer besides providing leads for new drug combinations. It has also opened up avenues for investigating potential molecules such as AR for therapeutic targeting of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Nivetha
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Soundararajan Arvindhvv
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Basit Baba
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Deepak Reddy Gade
- Centre for Molecular Cancer Research, Vishnu Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Narsapur, India
| | - Gopisetty Gopal
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute (WIA), Adyar, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chitrathara K
- Department of Surgical & Gynecologic Oncology, VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Nettoor, Maradu, Kochi, Kerala 682040
| | | | - G. Bhanuprakash Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Siddavaram Nagini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jannapureddy S, Sharma M, Yepuri G, Schmidt AM, Ramasamy R. Aldose Reductase: An Emerging Target for Development of Interventions for Diabetic Cardiovascular Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:636267. [PMID: 33776930 PMCID: PMC7992003 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.636267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite numerous treatments for cardiovascular disease (CVD), for patients with diabetes, these therapies provide less benefit for protection from CVD. These considerations spur the concept that diabetes-specific, disease-modifying therapies are essential to identify especially as the diabetes epidemic continues to expand. In this context, high levels of blood glucose stimulate the flux via aldose reductase (AR) pathway leading to metabolic and signaling changes in cells of the cardiovascular system. In animal models flux via AR in hearts is increased by diabetes and ischemia and its inhibition protects diabetic and non-diabetic hearts from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In mouse models of diabetic atherosclerosis, human AR expression accelerates progression and impairs regression of atherosclerotic plaques. Genetic studies have revealed that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ALD2 (human AR gene) is associated with diabetic complications, including cardiorenal complications. This Review presents current knowledge regarding the roles for AR in the causes and consequences of diabetic cardiovascular disease and the status of AR inhibitors in clinical trials. Studies from both human subjects and animal models are presented to highlight the breadth of evidence linking AR to the cardiovascular consequences of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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5
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López-Díez R, Egaña-Gorroño L, Senatus L, Shekhtman A, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Complications: The Epidemics Continue. Curr Cardiol Rep 2021; 23:74. [PMID: 34081211 PMCID: PMC8173334 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-021-01504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The cardiovascular complications of type 1 and 2 diabetes are major causes of morbidity and mortality. Extensive efforts have been made to maximize glycemic control; this strategy reduces certain manifestations of cardiovascular complications. There are drawbacks, however, as intensive glycemic control does not impart perennial protective benefits, and these efforts are not without potential adverse sequelae, such as hypoglycemic events. RECENT FINDINGS Here, the authors have focused on updates into key areas under study for mechanisms driving these cardiovascular disorders in diabetes, including roles for epigenetics and gene expression, interferon networks, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Updates on the cardioprotective roles of the new classes of hyperglycemia-targeting therapies, the sodium glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors and the agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor system, are reviewed. In summary, insights from ongoing research and the cardioprotective benefits of the newer type 2 diabetes therapies are providing novel areas for therapeutic opportunities in diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel López-Díez
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building, Room 615, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Lander Egaña-Gorroño
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building, Room 615, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Laura Senatus
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building, Room 615, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Alexander Shekhtman
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY USA
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building, Room 615, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 East 30th Street, Science Building, Room 615, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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6
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Sarikhani M, Mishra S, Maity S, Kotyada C, Wolfgeher D, Gupta MP, Singh M, Sundaresan NR. SIRT2 deacetylase regulates the activity of GSK3 isoforms independent of inhibitory phosphorylation. eLife 2018; 7:32952. [PMID: 29504933 PMCID: PMC5860870 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is a critical regulator of diverse cellular functions involved in the maintenance of structure and function. Enzymatic activity of GSK3 is inhibited by N-terminal serine phosphorylation. However, alternate post-translational mechanism(s) responsible for GSK3 inactivation are not characterized. Here, we report that GSK3α and GSK3β are acetylated at Lys246 and Lys183, respectively. Molecular modeling and/or molecular dynamics simulations indicate that acetylation of GSK3 isoforms would hinder both the adenosine binding and prevent stable interactions of the negatively charged phosphates. We found that SIRT2 deacetylates GSK3β, and thus enhances its binding to ATP. Interestingly, the reduced activity of GSK3β is associated with lysine acetylation, but not with phosphorylation at Ser9 in hearts of SIRT2-deficient mice. Moreover, GSK3 is required for the anti-hypertrophic function of SIRT2 in cardiomyocytes. Overall, our study identified lysine acetylation as a novel post-translational modification regulating GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sarikhani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sneha Mishra
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sangeeta Maity
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Chaithanya Kotyada
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Donald Wolfgeher
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Mahesh P Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Mahavir Singh
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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7
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Thiagarajan D, O’ Shea K, Sreejit G, Ananthakrishnan R, Quadri N, Li Q, Schmidt AM, Gabbay K, Ramasamy R. Aldose reductase modulates acute activation of mesenchymal markers via the β-catenin pathway during cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188981. [PMID: 29190815 PMCID: PMC5708684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR: human, AKR1B1; mouse, AKR1B3), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, plays a key role in mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In earlier studies, using transgenic mice broadly expressing human AKR1B1 to human-relevant levels, mice devoid of Akr1b3, and pharmacological inhibitors of AR, we demonstrated that AR is an important component of myocardial I/R injury and that inhibition of this enzyme protects the heart from I/R injury. In this study, our objective was to investigate if AR modulates the β-catenin pathway and consequent activation of mesenchymal markers during I/R in the heart. To test this premise, we used two different experimental models: in vivo, Akr1b3 null mice and wild type C57BL/6 mice (WT) were exposed to acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by recovery for 48 hours or 28 days, and ex-vivo, WT and Akr1b3 null murine hearts were perfused using the Langendorff technique (LT) and subjected to 30 min of global (zero-flow) ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion. Our in vivo results reveal reduced infarct size and improved functional recovery at 48 hours in mice devoid of Akr1b3 compared to WT mice. We demonstrate that the cardioprotection observed in Akr1b3 null mice was linked to acute activation of the β-catenin pathway and consequent activation of mesenchymal markers and genes linked to fibrotic remodeling. The increased activity of the β-catenin pathway at 48 hours of recovery post-LAD was not observed at 28 days post-infarction, thus indicating that the observed increase in β-catenin activity was transient in the mice hearts devoid of Akr1b3. In ex vivo studies, inhibition of β-catenin blocked the cardioprotection observed in Akr1b3 null mice hearts. Taken together, these data indicate that AR suppresses acute activation of β-catenin and, thereby, blocks consequent induction of mesenchymal markers during early reperfusion after myocardial ischemia. Inhibition of AR might provide a therapeutic opportunity to optimize cardiac remodeling after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devi Thiagarajan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen O’ Shea
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gopalkrishna Sreejit
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Qing Li
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Gabbay
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Wang S, Zhang F, Zhao G, Cheng Y, Wu T, Wu B, Zhang YE. Mitochondrial PKC-ε deficiency promotes I/R-mediated myocardial injury via GSK3β-dependent mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 21:2009-2021. [PMID: 28266127 PMCID: PMC5571523 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fission is critically involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which has been considered as one of the leading causes of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced myocardial injury. In our previous works, we demonstrate that aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) deficiency aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether ALDH2 deficiency promotes mitochondrial injury and cardiomyocyte death in response to I/R stress and the underlying mechanism. I/R injury was induced by aortic cross‐clamping for 45 min. followed by unclamping for 24 hrs in ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2−/−) and wild‐type (WT) mice. Then myocardial infarct size, cell apoptosis and cardiac function were examined. The protein kinase C (PKC) isoform expressions and their mitochondrial translocation, the activity of dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), caspase9 and caspase3 were determined by Western blot. The effects of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) or PKC‐δ shRNA treatment on glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were also detected. The results showed that ALDH2−/− mice exhibited increased myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, enhanced levels of cleaved caspase9, caspase3 and phosphorylated Drp1. Mitochondrial PKC‐ε translocation was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and PKC‐δ was the opposite. Further data showed that mitochondrial PKC isoform ratio was regulated by cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which could be reversed by NAC pre‐treatment under I/R injury. In addition, PKC‐ε inhibition caused activation of caspase9, caspase3 and Drp1Ser616 in response to I/R stress. Importantly, expression of phosphorylated GSK‐3β (inactive form) was lower in ALDH2−/− mice than in WT mice, and both were increased by NAC pre‐treatment. I/R‐induced mitochondrial translocation of GSK‐3β was inhibited by PKC‐δ shRNA or NAC pre‐treatment. In addition, mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was reduced in ALDH2−/− mice after I/R, which was partly reversed by the GSK‐3β inhibitor (SB216763) or PKC‐δ shRNA. Collectively, our data provide the evidence that abnormal PKC‐ε/PKC‐δ ratio promotes the activation of Drp1 signalling, caspase cascades and GSK‐3β‐dependent mPTP opening, which results in mitochondrial injury‐triggered cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial dysfuction in ALDH2−/− mice following I/R stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Cheng
- Heart Centre of Zhengzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - You-En Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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Huang X, Zuo L, Lv Y, Chen C, Yang Y, Xin H, Li Y, Qian Y. Asiatic Acid Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Akt/GSK-3β/HIF-1α Signaling in Rat H9c2 Cardiomyocytes. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091248. [PMID: 27657024 PMCID: PMC6273770 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemic/reperfusion injury results from severe impairment of coronary blood supply and leads to irreversible cell death, with limited therapeutic possibilities. Asiatic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid derived from the tropical medicinal plant Centella asiatica and serves a variety of bioactivities. In this study, we determined the effect of asiatic acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and investigated the underlying mechanisms, using an in vitro rat H9c2 cardiomyocytes model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) injury. Results showed that pre-treatment with asiatic acid significantly augmented cell viability and prevented lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in a concentration-dependent manner after OGD/R exposure. Asiatic acid at 10 μM effectively inhibited apoptotic cell death, suppressed the activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9, and reversed Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in hypoxic H9c2 cells. In addition, asiatic acid improved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, enhanced mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased intracellular calcium concentration. Using Western blot assay, we found that asiatic acid promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and subsequent inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and induced the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) after OGD/R. The cardioprotective effects of asiatic acid were attenuated by the Akt or HIF-1α inhibitor. Taken together, these data suggested that asiatic acid exerted protective effects against OGD/R-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, at least partly via the Akt/GSK-3β/HIF-1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Li Zuo
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yanni Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Chuqiao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yaqin Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Hongbo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Yunman Li
- Department of Physiology, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yisong Qian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, 1299 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang 330031, China.
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10
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury and Remodeling: Revisited. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1656450. [PMID: 27313825 PMCID: PMC4897712 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1656450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and reductive stress are dual dynamic phases experienced by the cells undergoing adaptation towards endogenous or exogenous noxious stimulus. The former arises due to the imbalance between the reactive oxygen species production and antioxidant defenses, while the latter is due to the aberrant increase in the reducing equivalents. Mitochondrial malfunction is the common denominator arising from the aberrant functioning of the rheostat that maintains the homeostasis between oxidative and reductive stress. Recent experimental evidences suggest that the maladaptation during oxidative stress could play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of major cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infraction, atherosclerosis, and diabetic cardiovascular complications. In this review we have discussed the role of oxidative and reductive stress pathways in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Furthermore, we have provided impetus for the development of subcellular organelle targeted antioxidant drug therapy for thwarting the deterioration of the failing myocardium in the aforementioned cardiovascular conditions.
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Di Filippo C, Ferraro B, Maisto R, Trotta MC, Di Carluccio N, Sartini S, La Motta C, Ferraraccio F, Rossi F, D'Amico M. Effects of the New Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Benzofuroxane Derivative BF-5m on High Glucose Induced Prolongation of Cardiac QT Interval and Increase of Coronary Perfusion Pressure. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:5281267. [PMID: 26839893 PMCID: PMC4709668 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5281267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of the new aldose reductase inhibitor benzofuroxane derivative 5(6)-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzofuroxane (BF-5m) on the prolongation of cardiac QT interval and increase of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in isolated, high glucose (33.3 mM D-glucose) perfused rat hearts. BF-5m was dissolved in the Krebs solution at a final concentration of 0.01 μM, 0.05 μM, and 0.1 μM. 33.3 mM D-glucose caused a prolongation of the QT interval and increase of CPP up to values of 190 ± 12 ms and 110 ± 8 mmHg with respect to the values of hearts perfused with standard Krebs solution (11.1 mM D-glucose). The QT prolongation was reduced by 10%, 32%, and 41%, respectively, for the concentration of BF-5m 0.01 μM, 0.05 μM, and 0.1 μM. Similarly, the CPP was reduced by 20% for BF-5m 0.05 μM and by 32% for BF-5m 0.1 μM. BF-5m also increased the expression levels of sirtuin 1, MnSOD, eNOS, and FOXO-1, into the heart. The beneficial actions of BF-5m were partly abolished by the pretreatment of the rats with the inhibitor of the sirtuin 1 activity EX527 (10 mg/kg/day/7 days i.p.) prior to perfusion of the hearts with high glucose + BF-5m (0.1 μM). Therefore, BF-5m supplies cardioprotection from the high glucose induced QT prolongation and increase of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Di Filippo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
- *C. Di Filippo:
| | - B. Ferraro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - R. Maisto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - M. C. Trotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - N. Di Carluccio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - S. Sartini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - C. La Motta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - F. Ferraraccio
- Department of Clinical, Public and Preventive Medicine, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - F. Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - M. D'Amico
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, Second University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Kubli DA, Gustafsson ÅB. Unbreak my heart: targeting mitochondrial autophagy in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1527-44. [PMID: 25808102 PMCID: PMC4449713 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Diabetes is strongly associated with increased incidence of heart disease and mortality due to development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Even in the absence of cardiovascular disease, cardiomyopathy frequently arises in diabetic patients. Current treatment options for cardiomyopathy in diabetic patients are the same as for nondiabetic patients and do not address the causes underlying the loss of contractility. RECENT ADVANCES Although there are numerous distinctions between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, recent evidence suggests that the two disease states converge on mitochondria as an epicenter for cardiomyocyte damage. CRITICAL ISSUES Accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria contributes to cardiac tissue injury in both acute and chronic conditions. Removal of damaged mitochondria by macroautophagy, termed "mitophagy," is critical for maintaining cardiomyocyte health and contractility both under normal conditions and during stress. However, very little is known about the involvement of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy. A growing interest in this topic has given rise to a wave of publications that aim at deciphering the status of autophagy and mitophagy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. FUTURE DIRECTIONS This review summarizes these recent studies with the goal of drawing conclusions about the activation or suppression of autophagy and mitophagy in the diabetic heart. A better understanding of how autophagy and mitophagy are affected in the diabetic myocardium is still needed, as well as whether they can be targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter A Kubli
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Åsa B Gustafsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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13
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Zirpoli H, Abdillahi M, Quadri N, Ananthakrishnan R, Wang L, Rosario R, Zhu Z, Deckelbaum RJ, Ramasamy R. Acute administration of n-3 rich triglyceride emulsions provides cardioprotection in murine models after ischemia-reperfusion. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116274. [PMID: 25559887 PMCID: PMC4283969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary n-3 fatty acids (FAs) may reduce cardiovascular disease risk. We questioned whether acute administration of n-3 rich triglyceride (TG) emulsions could preserve cardiac function and decrease injury after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) insult. We used two different experimental models: in vivo, C57BL/6 mice were exposed to acute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and ex-vivo, C57BL/6 murine hearts were perfused using Langendorff technique (LT). In the LAD model, mice treated with n-3 TG emulsion (1.5g/kg body weight), immediately after ischemia and 1h later during reperfusion, significantly reduced infarct size and maintained cardiac function (p<0.05). In the LT model, administration of n-3 TG emulsion (300mgTG/100ml) during reperfusion significantly improved functional recovery (p<0.05). In both models, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, as a marker of injury, were significantly reduced by n-3 TG emulsion. To investigate the mechanisms by which n-3 FAs protects hearts from I/R injury, we investigated changes in key pathways linked to cardioprotection. In the ex-vivo model, we showed that n-3 FAs increased phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β proteins (p<0.05). Acute n-3 TG emulsion treatment also increased Bcl-2 protein level and reduced an autophagy marker, Beclin-1 (p<0.05). Additionally, cardioprotection by n-3 TG emulsion was linked to changes in PPARγ protein expression (p<0.05). Rosiglitazone and p-AKT inhibitor counteracted the positive effect of n-3 TG; GSK3β inhibitor plus n-3 TG significantly inhibited LDH release. We conclude that acute n-3 TG injection during reperfusion provides cardioprotection. This may prove to be a novel acute adjunctive reperfusion therapy after treating patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mariane Abdillahi
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nosirudeen Quadri
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Radha Ananthakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lingjie Wang
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rosa Rosario
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (R. Ramasamy); (RJD)
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (R. Ramasamy); (RJD)
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Thapalia BA, Zhou Z, Lin X. Autophagy, a process within reperfusion injury: an update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:8322-8341. [PMID: 25674198 PMCID: PMC4314030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important constitutive intracellular catalytic process that occurs in basal conditions, as well as during stress in all tissues. It is induced during cellular growth, tissue differentiation and metabolic demands. The regulated expression is cytoprotective while its deregulation leads to varieties of diseases. It plays a vital role in ischemic heart disease, being beneficial and adaptive during ischemia while detrimental and lethal during reperfusion. Reperfusion injury is the consequence of this deregulated autophagy and the motive of its persistence during reperfusion is still obscure. A long standing debate persists as to the dual nature of autophagy and defining its clearer role in cell death as compared to the widely studied process, apoptosis. Despite the progresses in understanding of the process and identification of critical mediators, there is no therapeutic strategy to address its final outcome, the reperfusion injury. This lack of effective therapeutic strategies has even questioned the validity of the process as a single entity. We still continue to witness the devastation with standard cure of reperfusion. In this article, we review the process, highlight reperfusion injury and outline important studies being conducted for the prevention of reperfusion injury and offer cardio-protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bisharad Anil Thapalia
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xianhe Lin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230032, Anhui, China
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15
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Zhu X, Shao ZH, Li C, Li J, Zhong Q, Learoyd J, Meliton A, Meliton L, Leff AR, Vanden Hoek TL. TAT-protein blockade during ischemia/reperfusion reveals critical role for p85 PI3K-PTEN interaction in cardiomyocyte injury. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95622. [PMID: 24752319 PMCID: PMC3994094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work shows that cooling protection after mouse cardiac arrest and cardiomyocyte ischemia is mediated by Akt activation. The PI3K p85 subunit can either augment or inhibit Akt activation depending on its binding to p110 or PTEN respectively. To further clarify the role of PI3K p85 in cardioprotection, we studied novel TAT-p85 fusion proteins that selectively inhibit PI3K p85 binding. We hypothesized that TAT fused p85 lacking the PTEN binding site (TAT-ΔPTEN p85) would enhance Akt phosphorylation to afford cardioprotection. Conversely, TAT fused p85 lacking the p110 binding site (TAT-Δp110p85) would decrease Akt phosphorylation and abrogate cardioprotection. Microscopy and Western blot analysis demonstrated that TAT fusion protein was transduced into cardiomyocytes within 5 min and remained more than 2 h. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt by TAT-Δp110 p85 significantly increased cell death from 44.6±2.7% to 92.5±3.4% after simulated ischemia and reperfusion. By contrast, PTEN inhibition using TAT-ΔPTEN p85 decreased cell death to 11.9±5.3%, a similar level of cardioprotection seen with past cooling studies. Additional studies with the small molecule PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic confirmed that PTEN inhibition was highly protective against cell death induced by ischemia and reperfusion. We conclude that blockade of p85-PTEN interaction and PTEN inhibition may be promising strategies for rescuing the heart from ischemia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Zhu
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zuo-Hui Shao
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Changqing Li
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Li
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Qiang Zhong
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Learoyd
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Angelo Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lucille Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Leff
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Terry L. Vanden Hoek
- Program in Advanced Resuscitation Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, and Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Baba SP, Hoetker JD, Merchant M, Klein JB, Cai J, Barski OA, Conklin DJ, Bhatnagar A. Role of aldose reductase in the metabolism and detoxification of carnosine-acrolein conjugates. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:28163-79. [PMID: 23928303 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.504753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of unsaturated lipids generates reactive aldehydes that accumulate in tissues during inflammation, ischemia, or aging. These aldehydes form covalent adducts with histidine-containing dipeptides such as carnosine and anserine, which are present in high concentration in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. The metabolic pathways involved in the detoxification and elimination of these conjugates are, however, poorly defined, and their significance in regulating oxidative stress is unclear. Here we report that conjugates of carnosine with aldehydes such as acrolein are produced during normal metabolism and excreted in the urine of mice and adult human non-smokers as carnosine-propanols. Our studies show that the reduction of carnosine-propanals is catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase (AR). Carnosine-propanals were converted to carnosine-propanols in the lysates of heart, skeletal muscle, and brain tissue from wild-type (WT) but not AR-null mice. In comparison with WT mice, the urinary excretion of carnosine-propanols was decreased in AR-null mice. Carnosine-propanals formed covalent adducts with nucleophilic amino acids leading to the generation of carnosinylated proteins. Deletion of AR increased the abundance of proteins bound to carnosine in skeletal muscle, brain, and heart of aged mice and promoted the accumulation of carnosinylated proteins in hearts subjected to global ischemia ex vivo. Perfusion with carnosine promoted post-ischemic functional recovery in WT but not in AR-null mouse hearts. Collectively, these findings reveal a previously unknown metabolic pathway for the removal of carnosine-propanal conjugates and suggest a new role of AR as a critical regulator of protein carnosinylation and carnosine-mediated tissue protection.
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17
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Tang J, Du Y, Petrash JM, Sheibani N, Kern TS. Deletion of aldose reductase from mice inhibits diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration and superoxide generation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62081. [PMID: 23614016 PMCID: PMC3628579 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pharmacologic inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) previously has been studied with respect to diabetic retinopathy with mixed results. Since drugs can have off-target effects, we studied the effects of AR deletion on the development and molecular abnormalities that contribute to diabetic retinopathy. Since recent data suggests an important role for leukocytes in the development of the retinopathy, we determined also if AR in leukocytes contributes to leukocyte-mediated death of retinal endothelial cells in diabetes. Methods Wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) and AR deficient (AR−/−) mice were made diabetic with streptozotocin. Mice were sacrificed at 2 and 10 months of diabetes to evaluate retinal vascular histopathology, to quantify retinal superoxide production and biochemical and physiological abnormalities in the retina, and to assess the number of retinal endothelial cells killed by blood leukocytes in a co-culture system. Results Diabetes in WT mice developed the expected degeneration of retinal capillaries, and increased generation of superoxide by the retina. Leukocytes from diabetic WT mice also killed more retinal endothelial cells than did leukocytes from nondiabetic animals (p<0.0001). Deletion of AR largely (P<0.05) inhibited the diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries, as well as the increase in superoxide production by retina. AR-deficiency significantly inhibited the diabetes-induced increase in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in retina, but had no significant effect on expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), phosphorylated p38 MAPK, or killing of retinal endothelial cells by leukocytes. Conclusions AR contributes to the degeneration of retinal capillaries in diabetic mice. Deletion of the enzyme inhibits the diabetes-induced increase in expression of iNOS and of superoxide production, but does not correct a variety of other pro-inflammatory abnormalities associated with the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heilongjiang Province Hospital, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Du
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - J. Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Timothy S. Kern
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Cleveland VAMC Research Service 151, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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