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Liu W, Wang S, Zhang X, Ke Z, Wen X, Zhao J, Zhuang X, Liao L. Enhanced Cardiomyocyte NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis Promotes d-Galactose-Induced Cardiac Aging. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032904. [PMID: 38979831 PMCID: PMC11292767 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac aging represents an independent risk factor for aging-associated cardiovascular diseases. Although evidence suggests an association between NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation and numerous cardiovascular diseases, its role in cardiac aging remains largely unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS The longevity of mice with wild-type and NLRP3 knockout (NLRP3-/-) genotypes was assessed, with or without d-galactose treatment. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and cardiac histopathology was examined through hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was employed to detect cardiac aging. Western blotting was used to assess aging-related proteins (p53, p21) and pyroptosis-related proteins. Additionally, dihydroethidium staining, lactate dehydrogenase release, and interleukin-1β ELISA assays were performed, along with measurements of total superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde levels. In vitro, H9c2 cells were exposed to d-galactose for 24 hours in the absence or presence of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (reactive oxygen species inhibitor), BAY-117082 (nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells inhibitor), MCC950 (NLRP3 inhibitor), and VX-765 (Caspase-1 inhibitor). Immunofluorescence staining was employed to detect p53, gasdermin D, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein proteins. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were assessed using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining and Western blotting were also employed in vitro for the same purpose. The results showed that NLRP3 upregulation was implicated in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of NLRP3 extended life span, mitigated the aging phenotype, improved cardiac function and blood pressure, ameliorated lipid metabolism abnormalities, inhibited pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes, and ultimately alleviated cardiac aging. In vitro, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species, nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells, NLRP3, or caspase-1 attenuated NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. CONCLUSIONS The reactive oxygen species/nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells/NLRP3 signaling pathway loop contributes to d-galactose-treated cardiomyocyte senescence and cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐bin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Sui‐sui Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe Affiliated Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital of Jinan UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Xu Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Ze‐zhi Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu‐yun Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao‐dong Zhuang
- Cardiology DepartmentThe First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangdongPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Li‐zhen Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive SubstancesGuangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega CenterGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- School of Health ScienceGuangdong Pharmaceutical UniversityGuangzhouPeople’s Republic of China
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2
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Manzoor S, Kane MS, Grenett M, Oh JY, Pat B, Lewis C, Davies JE, Steele C, Patel RP, Dell'Italia LJ. Elevated cardiac hemoglobin expression is associated with a pro-oxidative and inflammatory environment in primary mitral regurgitation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:126-133. [PMID: 37543167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) is associated with oxidative and inflammatory myocardial damage. We reported greater exosome hemoglobin (Hb) in pericardial fluid (PCF) versus plasma, suggesting a cardiac source of Hb. OBJECTIVE Test the hypothesis that Hb is produced in the PMR heart and is associated with increased inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Hb gene expression for subunits alpha (HBA) and beta (HBB) was assessed in right atria (RA), left atria (LA) and left ventricular (LV) tissue from donor hearts (n = 10) and PMR patient biopsies at surgery (n = 11). PMR patients (n = 22) had PCF and blood collected for macrophage markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In-situ hybridization for HBA mRNA and immunohistochemistry for Hb-alpha (Hbα) and Hb-beta (Hbβ) protein was performed on PMR tissue. RESULTS HBA and HBB genes are significantly increased (>4-fold) in RA, LA, and LV in PMR vs. normal hearts. In PMR tissue, HBA mRNA is expressed in both LV cardiomyocytes and interstitial cells by in-situ hybridization; however, Hbα and Hbβ protein is only expressed in interstitial cells by immunohistochemistry. PCF oxyHb is significantly increased over plasma along with low ratios (<1.0) of haptoglobin:oxyHb and hemopexin:heme supporting a highly oxidative environment. Macrophage chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and MMPs are significantly higher in PCF vs. plasma. CONCLUSION There is increased Hb production in the PMR heart coupled with the inflammatory state of the heart, suggests a myocardial vulnerability of further Hb delivery and/or production during cardiac surgery that could adversely affect LV functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajer Manzoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariame Selma Kane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maximiliano Grenett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Betty Pat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Clifton Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, UAB, USA
| | - James E Davies
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, UAB, USA
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, UAB, USA
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Boonpala P, Saengklub N, Srikam S, Ji-Au W, Panyasing Y, Kumphune S, Kijtawornrat A. Pimobendan prevents cardiac dysfunction, mitigates cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, and preserves myocyte ultrastructure in a rat model of mitral regurgitation. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:130. [PMID: 37612694 PMCID: PMC10463781 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pimobendan has been proven to delay the onset of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR); however, molecular underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate (1) the effects of pimobendan on cardiac function, cardiac mitochondrial quality and morphology, and cardiac ultrastructure in a rat model of chronic MR and (2) the direct effect of pimobendan on intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cardiac cells. MR was surgically induced in 20 Sprague-Dawley rats, and sham procedures were performed on 10 rats. Eight weeks post-surgery, the MR rats were randomly divided into two groups: the MR group and the MR + pimobendan group. Pimobendan (0.15 mg/kg) was administered twice a day via oral gavage for 4 weeks, whereas the sham and MR groups received equivalent volumes of drinking water. Echocardiography was performed at baseline (8 weeks post-surgery) and at the end of the study (4 weeks after treatment). At the end of the study protocol, all rats were euthanized, and their hearts were immediately collected, weighed, and used for transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial quality assessments. To evaluate the role of pimobendan on intracellular ROS production, preventive or scavenging properties were tested with H2O2-induced ROS generation in rat cardiac myoblasts (H9c2). RESULTS Pimobendan preserved cardiac functions and structure in MR rats. In addition, pimobendan significantly improved mitochondrial quality by attenuating ROS production and depolarization (P < 0.05). The cardiac ultrastructure and mitochondrial morphology were significantly preserved in the MR + pimobendan group. In addition, pimobendan appeared to play as a ROS scavenger, but not as a ROS preventer, in H2O2-induced ROS production in H9c2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Pimobendan demonstrated cardioprotective effects on cardiac function and ultrastructure by preserving mitochondrial quality and acted as an ROS scavenger in a rat model of MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakit Boonpala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chulalongkorn University Laboratory Animal Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nakkawee Saengklub
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirinapa Srikam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilawan Ji-Au
- Department of Pathology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowalak Panyasing
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering and Innovation Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Chulalongkorn University Laboratory Animal Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Fragasso G, Sanvito F, Monaca G, Ardizzone V, De Bonis M, Pappalardo F, Smart C, Montanaro C, Lapenna E, Calabrese MC, Castiglioni A, Benussi S, Maisano F, Zangrillo A, Ambrosi A, Doglioni C, Alfieri O, Margonato A. Myocardial fibrosis in asymptomatic patients undergoing surgery for mitral and aortic valve regurgitation. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 23:505-512. [PMID: 35904996 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic heart valve regurgitation induces left ventricular (LV) volume overload, leading to the development of hypertrophy and progressive dilatation of the ventricle to maintain physiological cardiac output. In order to prevent potential irreversible LV structural changes, the identification of the best timing for treatment is pivotal. OBJECTIVE To assess the presence and extent of fibrosis in myocardial tissue in asymptomatic patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) and preserved LV dimensions and function undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS Thirty-nine patients were enrolled. Sixteen patients were affected by aortic or mitral regurgitation: they were all asymptomatic, undergoing valve surgery according to VHD European Society of Cardiology guidelines. Twenty-three patients with end-stage nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and severe LV dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery for implantation of a durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) served as controls. During surgery, VHD patients underwent three myocardial biopsies at the level of the septum, the lateral wall and LV apex, while in LVAD patients the coring of the apex of the LV was used. For both groups, the tissue samples were analyzed on one section corresponding to the apical area. All slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining and further digitalized. The degree of fibrosis was then calculated as a percentage of the total area. RESULTS Of 39 patients, 23 met the inclusion criteria: 12 had mitral or aortic insufficiency with a preserved ejection fraction and 11 had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Quantitative analysis of apical sections revealed a myocardial fibrosis amount of 10 ± 6% in VHD patients, while in LVAD patients the mean apical myocardial fibrosis rate was 38 ± 9%. In VHD patients, fibrosis was also present in the lateral wall (9 ± 4%) and in the septum (9 ± 6%). CONCLUSION Our case series study highlights the presence of tissue remodeling with fibrosis in asymptomatic patients with VHD and preserved LV function. According to our results, myocardial fibrosis is present at an early stage of the disease, well before developing detectable LV dysfunction and symptoms. Since the relationship between the progressive magnitude of myocardial fibrosis and potential prognostic implications are not yet defined, further studies on this topic are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Federico Pappalardo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, Alessandria
| | - Chanel Smart
- Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology
| | - Claudia Montanaro
- Department of Clinical Cardiology
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Benussi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, ASST degli Spedali Civili di Brescia
| | | | - Alberto Zangrillo
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano
| | - Alessandro Ambrosi
- Department of Biostatistics, University Vita/Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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5
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Corporan D, Saadeh M, Yoldas A, Mudigonda J, Lane BA, Padala M. Passive mechanical properties of the left ventricular myocardium and extracellular matrix in hearts with chronic volume overload from mitral regurgitation. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15305. [PMID: 35871778 PMCID: PMC9309441 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac volume overload from mitral regurgitation (MR) is a trigger for left ventricular dilatation, remodeling, and ultimate failure. While the functional and structural adaptations to this overload are known, the adaptation of myocardial mechanical properties remains unknown. Using a rodent model of MR, in this study, we discern changes in the passive material properties of the intact and decellularized myocardium. Eighty Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) were assigned to two groups: (1) MR (n = 40) and (2) control (n = 40). MR was induced in the beating heart by perforating the mitral leaflet with a 23G needle, and rats were terminated at 2, 10, 20, or 40 weeks (n = 10/time-point). Echocardiography was performed at baseline and termination, and explanted hearts were used for equibiaxial mechanical testing of the intact myocardium and after decellularization. Two weeks after inducing severe MR, the myocardium was more extensible compared to control, however, stiffness and extensibility of the extracellular matrix did not differ from control at this timepoint. By 20 weeks, the myocardium was stiffer with a higher elastic modulus of 1920 ± 246 kPa, and a parallel rise in extracellular matrix stiffness. Despite some matrix stiffening, it only contributed to 31% and 36% of the elastic modulus of the intact tissue in the circumferential and longitudinal directions. At 40 weeks, similar trends of increasing stiffness were observed, but the contribution of extracellular matrix remained relatively low. Chronic MR induces ventricular myocardial stiffening, which seems to be driven by the myocyte compartment of the muscle, and not the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Corporan
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation LaboratoryCarlyle Fraser Heart CenterEmory University Hospital MidtownAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Maher Saadeh
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation LaboratoryCarlyle Fraser Heart CenterEmory University Hospital MidtownAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Alessandra Yoldas
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation LaboratoryCarlyle Fraser Heart CenterEmory University Hospital MidtownAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jahnavi Mudigonda
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation LaboratoryCarlyle Fraser Heart CenterEmory University Hospital MidtownAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Brooks Alexander Lane
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation LaboratoryCarlyle Fraser Heart CenterEmory University Hospital MidtownAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Muralidhar Padala
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation LaboratoryCarlyle Fraser Heart CenterEmory University Hospital MidtownAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Cardiothoracic SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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6
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Derangements and Reversibility of Energy Metabolism in Failing Hearts Resulting from Volume Overload: Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126809. [PMID: 35743252 PMCID: PMC9224487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Derangements in cardiac energy metabolism have been shown to contribute to the development of heart failure (HF). This study combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses to characterize the changes and reversibility of cardiac energetics in a rat model of cardiac volume overload (VO) with the creation and subsequent closure of aortocaval fistula. Male Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to an aortocaval fistula surgery for 8 and 16 weeks exhibited characteristics of compensated hypertrophy (CH) and HF, respectively, in echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies. Glycolysis was downregulated and directed to the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation in the CH phase and was further suppressed during progression to HF. Derangements in fatty acid oxidation were not prominent until the development of HF, as indicated by the accumulation of acylcarnitines. The gene expression and intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle were not significantly altered in this model. Correction of VO largely reversed the differential expression of genes involved in glycolysis, HBP, and fatty acid oxidation in CH but not in HF. Delayed correction of VO in HF resulted in incomplete recovery of defective glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation. These findings may provide insight into the development of innovative strategies to prevent or reverse metabolic derangements in VO-induced HF.
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Gömöri K, Herwig M, Budde H, Hassoun R, Mostafi N, Zhazykbayeva S, Sieme M, Modi S, Szabados T, Pipis J, Farkas-Morvay N, Leprán I, Ágoston G, Baczkó I, Kovács Á, Mügge A, Ferdinandy P, Görbe A, Bencsik P, Hamdani N. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II and protein kinase G oxidation contributes to impaired sarcomeric proteins in hypertrophy model. ESC Heart Fail 2022; 9:2585-2600. [PMID: 35584900 PMCID: PMC9288768 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Volume overload (VO) induced hypertrophy is one of the hallmarks to the development of heart diseases. Understanding the compensatory mechanisms involved in this process might help preventing the disease progression. Methods and results Therefore, the present study used 2 months old Wistar rats, which underwent an aortocaval fistula to develop VO‐induced hypertrophy. The animals were subdivided into four different groups, two sham operated animals served as age‐matched controls and two groups with aortocaval fistula. Echocardiography was performed prior termination after 4‐ and 8‐month. Functional and molecular changes of several sarcomeric proteins and their signalling pathways involved in the regulation and modulation of cardiomyocyte function were investigated. Results The model was characterized with preserved ejection fraction in all groups and with elevated heart/body weight ratio, left/right ventricular and atrial weight at 4‐ and 8‐month, which indicates VO‐induced hypertrophy. In addition, 8‐months groups showed increased left ventricular internal diameter during diastole, RV internal diameter, stroke volume and velocity‐time index compared with their age‐matched controls. These changes were accompanied by increased Ca2+ sensitivity and titin‐based cardiomyocyte stiffness in 8‐month VO rats compared with other groups. The altered cardiomyocyte mechanics was associated with phosphorylation deficit of sarcomeric proteins cardiac troponin I, myosin binding protein C and titin, also accompanied with impaired signalling pathways involved in phosphorylation of these sarcomeric proteins in 8‐month VO rats compared with age‐matched control group. Impaired protein phosphorylation status and dysregulated signalling pathways were associated with significant alterations in the oxidative status of both kinases CaMKII and PKG explaining by this the elevated Ca2+ sensitivity and titin‐based cardiomyocyte stiffness and perhaps the development of hypertrophy. Conclusions Our findings showed VO‐induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction via deranged phosphorylation of myofilament proteins and signalling pathways due to increased oxidative state of CaMKII and PKG and this might contribute to the development of hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Gömöri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melissa Herwig
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heidi Budde
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Roua Hassoun
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nusratul Mostafi
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Saltanat Zhazykbayeva
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcel Sieme
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Suvasini Modi
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tamara Szabados
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Pipis
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - István Leprán
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Ágoston
- Institute of Family Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Baczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Kovács
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Görbe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Bencsik
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,HCEMM-Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Li-Zhen L, Chen ZC, Wang SS, Liu WB, Zhuang XD. Klotho deficiency causes cardiac ageing by impairing autophagic and activating apoptotic activity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174559. [PMID: 34637700 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, it was hypothesized that klotho deficiency plays an essential role in cardiac ageing in vivo and demonstrated that supplementation with exogenous klotho protects against cardiomyocyte ageing in vitro. METHODS We measured the lifespan of wild-type (WT) and klotho-hypomorphic mutant (KL-/-) mice and recorded the cardiac function of the mice through echocardiography. We used immunofluorescence staining to detect the LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 B), Beclin 1, Bax and Bcl 2 proteins. In vitro, H9c2 cells were incubated with different levels of D-galactose (D-gal) with or without klotho. SA-β-galactosidase staining and western blotting were performed to detect ageing-associated proteins (P53, P21 and P16), autophagy-associated proteins (LC3 II/LC3 I and Beclin 1) and apoptosis-associated proteins (Bax and Bcl 2). Moreover, one-step TUNEL apoptosis, CCK-8, cell morphology, Hoechst 33258 staining, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and caspase-3 activity assays were performed, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. RESULTS Genetic klotho deficiency decreased lifespan and cardiac function in mice, impaired autophagic activity and increased apoptotic activity. Exogenous klotho attenuated cardiomyocyte ageing and reversed changes in autophagic and apoptotic activity caused by D-gal. Moreover, klotho supplementation prevented D-gal-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Klotho might have a protective effect on cardiac ageing via autophagy activation and apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Li-Zhen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Light and Health, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chong Chen
- Cardiovascular Department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 26, Erheng Road, Yuan Village, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Sui-Sui Wang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Light and Health, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Light and Health, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhuang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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9
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Ur Rasool J, Sawhney G, Shaikh M, Nalli Y, Madishetti S, Ahmed Z, Ali A. Site selective synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of Spiro-isoxazoline stitched adducts of arteannuin B. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105408. [PMID: 34655840 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A library of new spiroisoxazoline analogues of arteannuin B was synthesized through 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition in stereoselective fashion and consequently screened for anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Three potent analogues (8i, 8 m, and 8n) were found to attenuate the LPS induced release of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α more potently than the parent molecule. Also, the inhibition of LPS induced nitric oxide production in these cells show moderate to high efficacy. None of the three potent molecules have altered the viability of RAW 264.7 cells following 48 h incubation suggesting that the inhibition of cytokines and nitric oxide production exhibited in the cells was not due to toxicity. In addition, these compounds exhibit an IC50 range of 0.17 µM-1.57 µM and 0.09 µM-0.35 µM for the inhibition of IL-6 release and nitric oxide production respectively. The results disclose potent inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators which are encouraging and warrant further investigations to develop new therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ur Rasool
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sreedhar Madishetti
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi, J&K 180001, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi 110001, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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10
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Havlenova T, Skaroupkova P, Miklovic M, Behounek M, Chmel M, Jarkovska D, Sviglerova J, Stengl M, Kolar M, Novotny J, Benes J, Cervenka L, Petrak J, Melenovsky V. Right versus left ventricular remodeling in heart failure due to chronic volume overload. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17136. [PMID: 34429479 PMCID: PMC8384875 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in heart failure (HF) are poorly understood. RV response to volume overload (VO), a common contributing factor to HF, is rarely studied. The goal was to identify interventricular differences in response to chronic VO. Rats underwent aorto-caval fistula (ACF)/sham operation to induce VO. After 24 weeks, RV and left ventricular (LV) functions, gene expression and proteomics were studied. ACF led to biventricular dilatation, systolic dysfunction and hypertrophy affecting relatively more RV. Increased RV afterload contributed to larger RV stroke work increment compared to LV. Both ACF ventricles displayed upregulation of genes of myocardial stress and metabolism. Most proteins reacted to VO in a similar direction in both ventricles, yet the expression changes were more pronounced in RV (pslope: < 0.001). The most upregulated were extracellular matrix (POSTN, NRAP, TGM2, CKAP4), cell adhesion (NCAM, NRAP, XIRP2) and cytoskeletal proteins (FHL1, CSRP3) and enzymes of carbohydrate (PKM) or norepinephrine (MAOA) metabolism. Downregulated were MYH6 and FAO enzymes. Therefore, when exposed to identical VO, both ventricles display similar upregulation of stress and metabolic markers. Relatively larger response of ACF RV compared to the LV may be caused by concomitant pulmonary hypertension. No evidence supports RV chamber-specific regulation of protein expression in response to VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Havlenova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Skaroupkova
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Matus Miklovic
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Behounek
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XBIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Chmel
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XBIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Jarkovska
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Sviglerova
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Stengl
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kolar
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- grid.418827.00000 0004 0620 870XInstitute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Benes
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Ludek Cervenka
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic ,grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XDepartment of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Petrak
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XBIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- grid.418930.70000 0001 2299 1368Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine - IKEM, Videnska 1958/9, 140 21 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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11
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Corporan D, Onohara D, Amedi A, Saadeh M, Guyton RA, Kumar S, Padala M. Hemodynamic and transcriptomic studies suggest early left ventricular dysfunction in a preclinical model of severe mitral regurgitation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:961-976.e22. [PMID: 33277035 PMCID: PMC7889661 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Primary mitral regurgitation is a valvular lesion in which the left ventricular ejection fraction remains preserved for long periods, delaying a clinical trigger for mitral valve intervention. In this study, we sought to investigate whether adverse left ventricular remodeling occurs before a significant fall in ejection fraction and characterize these changes. METHODS Sixty-five rats were induced with severe mitral regurgitation by puncturing the mitral valve leaflet with a 23-G needle using ultrasound guidance. Rats underwent longitudinal cardiac echocardiography at biweekly intervals and hearts explanted at 2 weeks (n = 15), 10 weeks (n = 15), 20 weeks (n = 15), and 40 weeks (n = 15). Sixty age- and weight-matched healthy rats were used as controls. Unbiased RNA-sequencing was performed at each terminal point. RESULTS Regurgitant fraction was 40.99 ± 9.40%, with pulmonary flow reversal in the experimental group, and none in the control group. Significant fall in ejection fraction occurred at 14 weeks after mitral regurgitation induction. However, before 14 weeks, end-diastolic volume increased by 93.69 ± 52.38% (P < .0001 compared with baseline), end-systolic volume increased by 118.33 ± 47.54% (P < .0001 compared with baseline), and several load-independent pump function indices were reduced. Transcriptomic data at 2 and 10 weeks before fall in ejection fraction indicated up-regulation of myocyte remodeling and oxidative stress pathways, whereas those at 20 and 40 weeks indicated extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSIONS In this rodent model of mitral regurgitation, left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved for a long duration, yet rapid and severe left ventricular dilatation, and biological remodeling occurred before a clinically significant fall in ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Corporan
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Daisuke Onohara
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Alan Amedi
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Maher Saadeh
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Robert A Guyton
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Ga; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Muralidhar Padala
- Structural Heart Research and Innovation Laboratory, Carlyle Fraser Heart Center at Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Ga; Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
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12
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Yoshida K, Holmes JW. Computational models of cardiac hypertrophy. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 159:75-85. [PMID: 32702352 PMCID: PMC7855157 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, defined as an increase in mass of the heart, is a complex process driven by simultaneous changes in hemodynamics, mechanical stimuli, and hormonal inputs. It occurs not only during pre- and post-natal development but also in adults in response to exercise, pregnancy, and a range of cardiovascular diseases. One of the most exciting recent developments in the field of cardiac biomechanics is the advent of computational models that are able to accurately predict patterns of heart growth in many of these settings, particularly in cases where changes in mechanical loading of the heart play an import role. These emerging models may soon be capable of making patient-specific growth predictions that can be used to guide clinical interventions. Here, we review the history and current state of cardiac growth models and highlight three main limitations of current approaches with regard to future clinical application: their inability to predict the regression of heart growth after removal of a mechanical overload, inability to account for evolving hemodynamics, and inability to incorporate known growth effects of drugs and hormones on heart growth. Next, we outline growth mechanics approaches used in other fields of biomechanics and highlight some potential lessons for cardiac growth modeling. Finally, we propose a multiscale modeling approach for future studies that blends tissue-level growth models with cell-level signaling models to incorporate the effects of hormones in the context of pregnancy-induced heart growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Yoshida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Box 800759, Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
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13
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Masjoan Juncos JX, Shakil S, Bradley WE, Wei CC, Zafar I, Powell P, Mariappan N, Louch WE, Ford DA, Ahmad A, Dell'Italia LJ, Ahmad S. Chronic cardiac structural damage, diastolic and systolic dysfunction following acute myocardial injury due to bromine exposure in rats. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:179-193. [PMID: 32979061 PMCID: PMC7855670 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02919-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Accidental bromine spills are common and its large industrial stores risk potential terrorist attacks. The mechanisms of bromine toxicity and effective therapeutic strategies are unknown. Our studies demonstrate that inhaled bromine causes deleterious cardiac manifestations. In this manuscript we describe mechanisms of delayed cardiac effects in the survivors of a single bromine exposure. Rats were exposed to bromine (600 ppm for 45 min) and the survivors were sacrificed at 14 or 28 days. Echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis, histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and biochemical analysis of cardiac tissue were performed to assess functional, structural and molecular effects. Increases in right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic wall stress with increased LV fibrosis were observed. TEM images demonstrated myofibrillar loss, cytoskeletal breakdown and mitochondrial damage at both time points. Increases in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) reflected myofibrillar damage and increased LV wall stress. LV shortening decreased as a function of increasing LV end-systolic wall stress and was accompanied by increased sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inactivation and a striking dephosphorylation of phospholamban. NADPH oxidase 2 and protein phosphatase 1 were also increased. Increased circulating eosinophils and myocardial 4-hydroxynonenal content suggested increased oxidative stress as a key contributing factor to these effects. Thus, a continuous oxidative stress-induced chronic myocardial damage along with phospholamban dephosphorylation are critical for bromine-induced chronic cardiac dysfunction. These findings in our preclinical model will educate clinicians and public health personnel and provide important endpoints to evaluate therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bromine
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/chemically induced
- Cardiomegaly/metabolism
- Cardiomegaly/pathology
- Cardiomegaly/physiopathology
- Cardiotoxicity
- Diastole
- Disease Models, Animal
- Fibrosis
- Male
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/ultrastructure
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/ultrastructure
- NADPH Oxidase 2/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Phosphatase 1/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases/metabolism
- Systole
- Time Factors
- Troponin I/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/physiopathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/chemically induced
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/metabolism
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/pathology
- Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Ventricular Function, Right
- Ventricular Remodeling
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Shazia Shakil
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pamela Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, #322 BMRII, 901 19th St. South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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14
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Cohen L, Sagi I, Bigelman E, Solomonov I, Aloshin A, Ben-Shoshan J, Rozenbaum Z, Keren G, Entin-Meer M. Cardiac remodeling secondary to chronic volume overload is attenuated by a novel MMP9/2 blocking antibody. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231202. [PMID: 32271823 PMCID: PMC7145114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Monoclonal antibody derivatives are promising drugs for the treatment of various diseases due to their high matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) active site specificity. We studied the effects of a novel antibody, SDS3, which specifically recognizes the mature active site of MMP9/2 during ventricular remodeling progression in a mouse model of chronic volume overload (VO). Methods VO was induced by creating an aortocaval fistula (ACF) in 10- to 12-week-old C57BL male mice. The VO-induced mice were treated with either vehicle control (PBS) or with SDS3 twice weekly by intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The relative changes in cardiac parameters between baseline (day 1) and end-point (day 30), were evaluated by echocardiography. The effects of SDS3 treatment on cardiac fibrosis, cardiomyocyte volume, and cardiac inflammation were tested by cardiac staining with Masson's trichrome, wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA), and CD45, respectively. Serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 with and without SDS3 treatment were tested by ELISA. Results SDS3 significantly reduced cardiac dilatation, left ventricular (LV) mass, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy compared to the vehicle treated animals. The antibody also reduced the heart-to-body weight ratio of the ACF animals to values comparable to those of the controls. Interestingly, the SDS3 group underwent significant reduction of cardiac inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, indicating a regulatory role for MMP9/2 in tissue remodeling, possibly by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) activation. In addition, significant changes in the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial function were observed in ACF animals, these changes were reversed following treatment with SDS3. Conclusion The data suggest that MMP9/2 blockage with SDS3 attenuates myocardial remodeling associated with chronic VO by three potential pathways: downregulating the extracellular matrix proteolytic cleavage, reducing the cardiac inflammatory responses, and preserving the cardiac mitochondrial structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Cohen
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einat Bigelman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anna Aloshin
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jeremy Ben-Shoshan
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zach Rozenbaum
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Entin-Meer
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zeng C, Duan F, Hu J, Luo B, Huang B, Lou X, Sun X, Li H, Zhang X, Yin S, Tan H. NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101523. [PMID: 32273259 PMCID: PMC7327979 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common causes of heart failure, and the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. Here we investigated whether NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis contributes to non-ischemic DCM and dissected the underlying mechanism. We found that hyper activated NLRP3 inflammasome with pyroptotic cell death of cardiomyocytes were presented in the myocardial tissues of DCM patients, which were negatively correlated with cardiac function. Doxorubicin (Dox)-induced DCM characterization disclosed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis occurred in Dox-treated heart tissues, but were very marginal in either NLRP3-/- or caspase-1-/- mice. Mechanistically, Dox enhanced expressions of NOX1 and NOX4 and induced mitochondrial fission through dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) activation, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes via caspase-1-dependent manner. Conversely, both inhibitions of NOX1 and NOX4 and Drp1 suppressed Dox-induced NLPR3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. The alterations of NOX1 and NOX4 expression, Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial fission were validated in DCM patients and mice. Importantly, Dox-induced Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and the consequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis were reversed by NOX1 and NOX4 inhibition in mice. This study demonstrates for the first time that cardiomyocyte pyroptosis triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome activation via caspase-1 causally contributes to myocardial dysfunction progression and DCM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fengqi Duan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jia Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Binlong Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoying Lou
- Department of Pathology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Xiuting Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xuanhong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shengli Yin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hongmei Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Disease-Model Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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16
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Zhang J, Liu D, Zhang M, Zhang Y. Programmed necrosis in cardiomyocytes: mitochondria, death receptors and beyond. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:4319-4339. [PMID: 29774530 PMCID: PMC6887687 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive death of cardiac myocytes leads to many cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. For the last several decades, most work on cell death has focused on apoptosis, which is generally considered as the only form of regulated cell death, whereas necrosis has been regarded to be an unregulated process. Recent findings reveal that necrosis also occurs in a regulated manner and that it is closely related to the physiology and pathophysiology of many organs, including the heart. The recognition of necrosis as a regulated process mandates a re-examination of cell death in the heart together with the mechanisms and therapy of cardiac diseases. In this study, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of the programmed necrosis of cardiomyocytes, that is, the intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. Furthermore, the role of this programmed necrosis in various heart diseases is also delineated. Finally, we describe the currently known pharmacological inhibitors of several of the key regulatory molecules of regulated cell necrosis and the opportunities for their therapeutic use in cardiac disease. We intend to systemically summarize the recent progresses in the regulation and pathological significance of programmed cardiomyocyte necrosis along with its potential therapeutic applications to cardiac diseases. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Mitochondrial Pharmacology: Featured Mechanisms and Approaches for Therapy Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.22/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dairu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular MedicinePeking UniversityBeijingChina
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17
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McCutcheon K, Dickens C, van Pelt J, Dix-Peek T, Grinter S, McCutcheon L, Patel A, Hale M, Tsabedze N, Vachiat A, Zachariah D, Duarte R, Janssens S, Manga P. Dynamic Changes in the Molecular Signature of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Compensated and Decompensated Chronic Primary Mitral Regurgitation. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005974. [PMID: 31510777 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.005974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is no proven medical therapy that attenuates adverse left ventricular remodeling in patients with chronic primary mitral regurgitation (CPMR). Identification of molecular pathways important in the progression of left ventricular remodeling in patients with CPMR may lead to development of new therapeutic strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed baseline echocardiographic, cardiac catheterization, and serum NT-pro-BNP analysis in patients with severe CPMR awaiting mitral valve surgery and stratified the study population into compensated or decompensated CPMR. We obtained left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies (n=12) for mRNA expression analysis, and compared baseline transcript levels of 109 genes important in volume-overload left ventricular remodeling with levels in normal hearts (n=5) and between patients with compensated (n=6) versus decompensated (n=6) CPMR. Patients were then randomized to treatment with and without carvedilol and followed until the time of surgery (mean follow-up 8.3 months) when repeat endomyocardial biopsies were obtained to correlate transcriptional dynamics with indices of adverse remodeling. CPMR was associated with increased NPPA expression levels (21.6-fold, P=0.004), decreased transcripts of genes important in cell survival, and enrichment of extracellular matrix genes. Decompensated CPMR was associated with downregulation of SERCA2 (0.77-fold, P=0.009) and mitochondrial gene expression levels and upregulation of genes related to inflammation, the extracellular matrix, and apoptosis, which were refractory to carvedilol therapy. CONCLUSIONS Transition to decompensated CPMR is associated with calcium dysregulation, increased expression of inflammatory, extracellular matrix and apoptotic genes, and downregulation of genes important in bioenergetics. These changes are not attenuated by carvedilol therapy and highlight the need for development of specific combinatorial therapies, targeting myocardial inflammation and apoptosis, together with urgent surgical or percutaneous valve interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (K.M., S.J.)
| | - Caroline Dickens
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., T.D.-P., R.D.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jos van Pelt
- Department of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium (J.v.P.)
| | - Therese Dix-Peek
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., T.D.-P., R.D.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sacha Grinter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lindsay McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Atulkumar Patel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (A.P.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Martin Hale
- Department of Anatomical Pathology (M.H.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nqoba Tsabedze
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ahmed Vachiat
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Don Zachariah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Raquel Duarte
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine (C.D., T.D.-P., R.D.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium (K.M., S.J.).,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium (S.J.)
| | - Pravin Manga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.M., S.G., L.M., N.T., A.V., D.Z., P.M.), Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital & University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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18
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Genetic deletion of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta does not mitigate adverse myocardial remodeling in volume-overloaded hearts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9889. [PMID: 31285482 PMCID: PMC6614357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46332-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II delta (CaMKIIδ), the predominant CaMKII isoform expressed in the heart, has been implicated in the progression of myocardial infarction- and pressure overload-induced pathological remodeling. However, the role of CaMKIIδ in volume overload (VO) has not been explored. We have previously reported an activation of CaMKII during transition to HF in long-term VO. Here, we address whether CaMKIIδ is critically involved in the mortality, myocardial remodeling, and heart failure (HF) progression in response to VO. CaMKIIδ knockout (δ-KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were exposed to aortocaval shunt-induced VO, and the progression of adverse myocardial remodeling was assessed by serial echocardiography, histological and molecular analyses. The mortality rates during 10 weeks of VO were similar in δ-KO and WT mice. Both genotypes displayed comparable eccentric myocardial hypertrophy, altered left ventricle geometry, perturbed systolic and diastolic functions after shunt. Additionally, cardiomyocytes hypertrophy, augmented myocyte apoptosis, and up-regulation of hypertrophic genes were also not significantly different in δ-KO versus WT hearts after shunt. Therefore, CaMKIIδ signaling seems to be dispensable for the progression of VO-induced maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Accordingly, we hypothesize that CaMKIIδ-inhibition as a therapeutic approach might not be helpful in the context of VO-triggered HF.
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19
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Bian X, Su X, Wang Y, Zhao G, Zhang B, Li D. Periostin contributes to renal and cardiac dysfunction in rats with chronic kidney disease: Reduction of PPARα. Biochimie 2019; 160:172-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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McCutcheon K, Manga P. Left ventricular remodelling in chronic primary mitral regurgitation: implications for medical therapy. Cardiovasc J Afr 2019; 29:51-65. [PMID: 29582880 PMCID: PMC6002796 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2017-009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical repair or replacement of the mitral valve is currently the only recommended therapy for severe primary mitral regurgitation. The chronic elevation of wall stress caused by the resulting volume overload leads to structural remodelling of the muscular, vascular and extracellular matrix components of the myocardium. These changes are initially compensatory but in the long term have detrimental effects, which ultimately result in heart failure. Understanding the changes that occur in the myocardium due to volume overload at the molecular and cellular level may lead to medical interventions, which potentially could delay or prevent the adverse left ventricular remodelling associated with primary mitral regurgitation. The pathophysiological changes involved in left ventricular remodelling in response to chronic primary mitral regurgitation and the evidence for potential medical therapy, in particular beta-adrenergic blockers, are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keir McCutcheon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Pravin Manga
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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21
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Kim KH, Kim HM, Park JS, Kim YJ. Differential Transcriptome Profile and Exercise Capacity in Cardiac Remodeling by Pressure Overload versus Volume Overload. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 27:50-63. [PMID: 30701717 PMCID: PMC6358426 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared the gene expression profiles in the hypertrophied myocardium of rats subjected to pressure overload (PO) and volume overload (VO) using DNA chip technology, and compared the effects on exercise capacity with a treadmill test. METHODS Constriction of the abdominal aorta or mitral regurgitation induced by a hole in the mitral leaflet were used to induce PO (n = 19), VO (n = 16) or PO + VO (n = 20) in rats. Serial echocardiographic studies and exercise were performed at 2-week intervals, and invasive hemodynamic examination by a pressure-volume catheter system was performed 12 weeks after the procedure. The gene expression profiles of the left ventricle (LV) 12 weeks after the procedure were analyzed by DNA chip technology. RESULTS In hemodynamic analyses, the LV end-diastolic pressure and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship slope were greater in the PO group than in the VO group. When we compared LV remodeling and exercise capacity, cardiac fibrosis and exercise intolerance developed in the PO group but not in the VO group (exercise duration, 434.0 ± 80.3 vs. 497.8 ± 49.0 seconds, p < 0.05, respectively). Transcriptional profiling of cardiac apical tissues revealed that gene expression related to the inflammatory response and cellular signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the VO group, whereas cardiac fibrosis, cytoskeletal pathway and G-protein signaling genes were enriched in the PO group. CONCLUSIONS We found that many genes were regulated in PO, VO or both, and that there were different regulation patterns by cardiac remodeling. Cardiac fibrosis and cytoskeletal pathway were important pathways in the PO group and influenced exercise capacity. Cardiac fibrosis influences exercise capacity before LV function is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyue Mee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jin Sik Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, Sejong General Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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Childers RC, Sunyecz I, West TA, Cismowski MJ, Lucchesi PA, Gooch KJ. Role of the cytoskeleton in the development of a hypofibrotic cardiac fibroblast phenotype in volume overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H596-H608. [PMID: 30575422 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00095.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic load regulates cardiac remodeling. In contrast to pressure overload (increased afterload), hearts subjected to volume overload (VO; preload) undergo a distinct pattern of eccentric remodeling, chamber dilation, and decreased extracellular matrix content. Critical profibrotic roles of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in postinfarct remodeling and in response to pressure overload have been well established. Little is known about the CF phenotype in response to VO. The present study characterized the phenotype of primary cultures of CFs isolated from hearts subjected to 4 wk of VO induced by an aortocaval fistula. Compared with CFs isolated from sham hearts, VO CFs displayed a "hypofibrotic" phenotype, characterized by a ~50% decrease in the profibrotic phenotypic markers α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, and collagen type I, despite increased levels of profibrotic transforming growth factor-β1 and an intact canonical transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway. Actin filament dynamics were characterized, which regulate the CF phenotype in response to biomechanical signals. Actin polymerization was determined by the relative amounts of G-actin monomers versus F-actin. Compared with sham CFs, VO CFs displayed ~78% less F-actin and an increased G-actin-to-F-actin ratio (G/F ratio). In sham CFs, treatment with the Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 to increase the G/F ratio resulted in recapitulation of the hypofibrotic CF phenotype observed in VO CFs. Conversely, treatment of VO CFs with jasplakinolide to decrease the G/F ratio restored a more profibrotic response (>2.5-fold increase in α-smooth muscle actin, connective tissue growth factor, and collagen type I). NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study is the first to describe a "hypofibrotic" phenotype of cardiac fibroblasts isolated from a volume overload model. Our results suggest that biomechanical regulation of actin microfilament stability and assembly is a critical mediator of cardiac fibroblast phenotypic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Childers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,The Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ian Sunyecz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,The Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - T Aaron West
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mary J Cismowski
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Pamela A Lucchesi
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital , Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Keith J Gooch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio.,The Dorothy M. Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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23
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Ahmad S, Masjoan Juncos JX, Ahmad A, Zaky A, Wei CC, Bradley WE, Zafar I, Powell P, Mariappan N, Vetal N, Louch WE, Ford DA, Doran SF, Matalon S, Dell'Italia LJ. Bromine inhalation mimics ischemia-reperfusion cardiomyocyte injury and calpain activation in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H212-H223. [PMID: 30379573 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00652.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogens are widely used, highly toxic chemicals that pose a potential threat to humans because of their abundance. Halogens such as bromine (Br2) cause severe pulmonary and systemic injuries; however, the mechanisms of their toxicity are largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that Br2 and reactive brominated species produced in the lung and released in blood reach the heart and cause acute cardiac ultrastructural damage and dysfunction in rats. Br2-induced cardiac damage was demonstrated by acute (3-24 h) increases in circulating troponin I, heart-type fatty acid-binding protein, and NH2-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated acute (3-24 h) cardiac contraction band necrosis, disruption of z-disks, and mitochondrial swelling and disorganization. Echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis revealed left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunction at 7 days. Plasma and LV tissue had increased levels of brominated fatty acids. 2-Bromohexadecanal (Br-HDA) injected into the LV cavity of a normal rat caused acute LV enlargement with extensive disruption of the sarcomeric architecture and mitochondrial damage. There was extensive infiltration of neutrophils and increased myeloperoxidase levels in the hearts of Br2- or Br2 reactant-exposed rats. Increased bromination of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and increased phosphalamban after Br2 inhalation decreased cardiac SERCA activity by 70%. SERCA inactivation was accompanied by increased Ca2+-sensitive LV calpain activity. The calpain-specific inhibitor MDL28170 administered within 1 h after exposure significantly decreased calpain activity and acute mortality. Bromine inhalation and formation of reactive brominated species caused acute cardiac injury and myocardial damage that can lead to heart failure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study defines left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction due to cardiac injury after bromine (Br2) inhalation. A calpain-dependent mechanism was identified as a potential mediator of cardiac ultrastructure damage. This study not only highlights the importance of monitoring acute cardiac symptoms in victims of Br2 exposure but also defines calpains as a potential target to treat Br2-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ahmed Zaky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Iram Zafar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pamela Powell
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nilam Vetal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Center and Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen F Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
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24
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Ahmad S, Ferrario CM. Chymase inhibitors for the treatment of cardiac diseases: a patent review (2010-2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:755-764. [PMID: 30278800 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1531848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chymase is primarily found in mast cells (MCs), fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells. MC chymase is released into the extracellular interstitium in response to inflammatory signals, tissue injury, and cellular stress. Among many functions, chymase is a major extravascular source for angiotensin II (Ang II) generation. Several recent pre-clinical and a few clinical studies point to the relatively unrecognized fact that chymase inhibition may have significant therapeutic advantages over other treatments in halting progression of cardiac and vascular disease. AREAS COVERED The present review covers patent literature on chymase inhibitors for the treatment of cardiac diseases registered between 2010 and 2018. EXPERT OPINION Increase in cardiac MC number in various cardiac diseases has been found in pathological tissues of human and experimental animals. Meta-analysis data from large clinical trials employing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors show a relatively small risk reduction of clinical cardiovascular endpoints. The disconnect between the expected benefit associated with Ang II blockade of synthesis or activity underscores a greater participation of chymase compared to ACE in forming Ang II in humans. Emerging literature and a reconsideration of previous studies provide lucid arguments to reconsider chymase as a primary Ang II forming enzyme in human heart and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Ahmad
- a Department of Surgery , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- a Department of Surgery , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA.,b Department of Physiology-Pharmacology , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA.,c Department of Social Sciences, Division of Public Health , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston Salem , NC , USA
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25
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Witzenburg CM, Holmes JW. A Comparison of Phenomenologic Growth Laws for Myocardial Hypertrophy. JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY 2017; 129:257-281. [PMID: 29632418 PMCID: PMC5889094 DOI: 10.1007/s10659-017-9631-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The heart grows in response to changes in hemodynamic loading during normal development and in response to valve disease, hypertension, and other pathologies. In general, a left ventricle subjected to increased afterload (pressure overloading) exhibits concentric growth characterized by thickening of individual myocytes and the heart wall, while one experiencing increased preload (volume overloading) exhibits eccentric growth characterized by lengthening of myocytes and dilation of the cavity. Predictive models of cardiac growth could be important tools in evaluating treatments, guiding clinical decision making, and designing novel therapies for a range of diseases. Thus, in the past 20 years there has been considerable effort to simulate growth within the left ventricle. While a number of published equations or systems of equations (often termed "growth laws") can capture some aspects of experimentally observed growth patterns, no direct comparisons of the various published models have been performed. Here we examine eight of these laws and compare them in a simple test-bed in which we imposed stretches measured during in vivo pressure and volume overload. Laws were compared based on their ability to predict experimentally measured patterns of growth in the myocardial fiber and radial directions as well as the ratio of fiber-to-radial growth. Three of the eight laws were able to reproduce most key aspects of growth following both pressure and volume overload. Although these three growth laws utilized different approaches to predict hypertrophy, they all employed multiple inputs that were weakly correlated during in vivo overload and therefore provided independent information about mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen M. Witzenburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia,
Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA,
USA
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Phone: 434-924-8797
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26
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Rüdebusch J, Benkner A, Poesch A, Dörr M, Völker U, Grube K, Hammer E, Felix SB. Dynamic adaptation of myocardial proteome during heart failure development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185915. [PMID: 28973020 PMCID: PMC5626523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) development is characterized by huge structural changes that are crucial for disease progression. Analysis of time dependent global proteomic adaptations during HF progression offers the potential to gain deeper insights in the disease development and identify new biomarker candidates. Therefore, hearts of TAC (transverse aortic constriction) and sham mice were examined by cardiac MRI on either day 4, 14, 21, 28, 42, and 56 after surgery (n = 6 per group/time point). At each time point, proteomes of the left (LV) and right ventricles (RV) of TAC and sham mice were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). In TAC mice, systolic LV heart function worsened from day 4 to day 14, remained on a stable level from day 14 to day 42, and showed a further pronounced decline at day 56. MS analysis identified in the LV 330 and in RV 246 proteins with altered abundance over time (TAC vs. sham, fc≥±2). Functional categorization of proteins disclosed the time-dependent alteration of different pathways. Heat shock protein beta-7 (HSPB7) displayed differences in abundance in tissue and serum at an early stage of HF. This study not only provides an overview of the time dependent molecular alterations during transition to HF, but also identified HSPB7 as a novel blood biomarker candidate for the onset of cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rüdebusch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Benkner
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Poesch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Karina Grube
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (SBF); (EH)
| | - Stephan B. Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Greifswald), Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail: (SBF); (EH)
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27
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Ptaszynska-Kopczynska K, Szpakowicz A, Marcinkiewicz-Siemion M, Lisowska A, Waszkiewicz E, Witkowski M, Jakim P, Galar B, Musial WJ, Kamiński KA. Interleukin-6 signaling in patients with chronic heart failure treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1069-1077. [PMID: 28883848 PMCID: PMC5575204 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.58635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increased expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been described in left ventricular dysfunction in the course of chronic heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a unique treatment method that may reverse the course of chronic heart failure (CHF) with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF). We aimed to evaluate the IL-6 system, including soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130), in HF-REF patients, with particular emphasis on CRT effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 88 stable HF-REF patients (63.6 ±11.1 years, 12 females, EF < 35%) and 35 comorbidity-matched controls (63.5 ±9.8 years, 7 females). Forty-five HF-REF patients underwent CRT device implantation and were followed up after 6 months. Serum concentrations of IL-6, sIL-6R and sgp130 were determined using ELISA kits. RESULTS The HF-REF patients had higher IL-6 (median: 2.6, IQR: 1.6-3.8 vs. 2.1, IQR: 1.4-3.1 pg/ml, p = 0.03) and lower sIL-6R concentrations compared to controls (median: 51, IQR: 36-64 vs. 53. IQR 44-76 ng/ml, p = 0.008). There was no significant difference between sgp130 concentrations. In the HF-REF group IL-6 correlated negatively with EF (r = -0.5, p = 0.001) and positively with BNP (r = 0.5, p = 0.008) and CRP concentrations (r = 0.4, p = 0.02). Patients who presented a positive response after CRT showed a smaller change of sIL-6R concentration compared to nonresponders (ΔsIL-6R: -0.2 ±7.1 vs. 7 ±14 ng/ml; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS HF-REF patients present higher IL-6 and lower sIL-6R levels. IL-6 concentration reflects their clinical status. CRT-related improvement of patients' functional status is associated with a smaller change of sIL-6R concentration in time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Szpakowicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Anna Lisowska
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Waszkiewicz
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Marcin Witkowski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Jakim
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Affair and Administration Ministry Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bogdan Galar
- Department of Cardiology, Internal Affair and Administration Ministry Hospital, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Karol A. Kamiński
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Community Medicine and Civilization Disease Prevention, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Frangogiannis NG. The extracellular matrix in myocardial injury, repair, and remodeling. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1600-1612. [PMID: 28459429 DOI: 10.1172/jci87491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 332] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) not only provides mechanical support, but also transduces essential molecular signals in health and disease. Following myocardial infarction, dynamic ECM changes drive inflammation and repair. Early generation of bioactive matrix fragments activates proinflammatory signaling. The formation of a highly plastic provisional matrix facilitates leukocyte infiltration and activates infarct myofibroblasts. Deposition of matricellular proteins modulates growth factor signaling and contributes to the spatial and temporal regulation of the reparative response. Mechanical stress due to pressure and volume overload and metabolic dysfunction also induce profound changes in ECM composition that contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure. This manuscript reviews the role of the ECM in cardiac repair and remodeling and discusses matrix-based therapies that may attenuate remodeling while promoting repair and regeneration.
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Guichard JL, Rogowski M, Agnetti G, Fu L, Powell P, Wei CC, Collawn J, Dell'Italia LJ. Desmin loss and mitochondrial damage precede left ventricular systolic failure in volume overload heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H32-H45. [PMID: 28455287 PMCID: PMC5538858 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00027.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure due to chronic volume overload (VO) in rats and humans is characterized by disorganization of the cardiomyocyte desmin/mitochondrial network. Here, we tested the hypothesis that desmin breakdown is an early and continuous process throughout VO. Male Sprague-Dawley rats had aortocaval fistula (ACF) or sham surgery and were examined 24 h and 4 and 12 wk later. Desmin/mitochondrial ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Protein and kinome analysis were performed in isolated cardiomyocytes, and desmin cleavage was assessed by mass spectrometry in left ventricular (LV) tissue. Echocardiography demonstrated a 40% decrease in the LV mass-to-volume ratio with spherical remodeling at 4 wk with ACF and LV systolic dysfunction at 12 wk. Starting at 24 h and continuing to 4 and 12 wk, with ACF there is TEM evidence of extensive mitochondrial clustering, IHC evidence of disorganization associated with desmin breakdown, and desmin protein cleavage verified by Western blot analysis and mass spectrometry. IHC results revealed that ACF cardiomyocytes at 4 and 12 wk had perinuclear translocation of αB-crystallin from the Z disk with increased α, β-unsaturated aldehyde 4-hydroxynonelal. Use of protein markers with verification by TUNEL staining and kinome analysis revealed an absence of cardiomyocyte apoptosis at 4 and 12 wk of ACF. Significant increases in protein indicators of mitophagy were countered by a sixfold increase in p62/sequestosome-1, which is indicative of an inability to complete autophagy. An early and continuous disruption of the desmin/mitochondrial architecture, accompanied by oxidative stress and inhibition of apoptosis and mitophagy, suggests its causal role in LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction in VO.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides new evidence of early onset (24 h) and continuous (4-12 wk) desmin misarrangement and disruption of the normal sarcomeric and mitochondrial architecture throughout the progression of volume overload heart failure, suggesting a causal link between desmin cleavage and mitochondrial disorganization and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Guichard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael Rogowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Giulio Agnetti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; and
| | - Lianwu Fu
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pamela Powell
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; .,Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Abstract
As cardiomyocytes have a limited capability for proliferation, renewal, and repair, the loss of heart cells followed by replacement with fibrous tissue is considered to result in the development of ventricular dysfunction and progression to heart failure (HF). The loss of cardiac myocytes in HF has been traditionally believed to occur mainly due to programmed apoptosis or unregulated necrosis. While extensive research work is being carried out to define the exact significance and contribution of both these cell death modalities in the development of HF, recent knowledge has indicated the existence and importance of a different form of cell death called necroptosis in the failing heart. This new cell damaging process, resembling some of the morphological features of passive necrosis as well as maladaptive autophagy, is a programmed process and is orchestrated by a complex set of proteins involving receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIP1, RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Activation of the RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway leads to disruption of cation homeostasis, plasma membrane rupture, and finally cell death. It seems likely that inhibition of any site in this pathway may prove as an effective pharmacological intervention for preventing the necroptotic cell death in the failing heart. This review is intended to describe general aspects of the signaling pathway associated with necroptosis, to describe its relationship with cardiac dysfunction in some models of cardiac injury and discuss its potential relevance in various types of HF with respect to the underlying pathologic mechanisms.
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31
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Duggan DJ, Tabrizchi R. Angiotensin II control of regional haemodynamics in rats with aortocaval fistula. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1192-1205. [PMID: 27427425 DOI: 10.1113/ep085717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Hyperdynamic circulation because of arteriovenous fistula results in reduction of blood flow to organs but is a model of low circulatory resistance with activated renin-angiotensin system. The aim was to determine contributions of different subtypes of angiotensin II receptors to regional blood flow and vascular conductance in a hyperdynamic circulatory state. What is the main finding and its importance? The renin-angiotensin system plays a pivotal role in control of regional blood flow in animals with arteriovenous fistula and makes a major contribution to the maintenance of normal arterial blood pressure. In this hyperdynamic circulatory state model, angiotensin II type 1 receptors predominated in regulating regional haemodynamics. Regional perfusion is reduced and the renin-angiotensin system activated in rats with aortocaval fistula. The effects of captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor), losartan (angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist) and PD 123319 (angiotensin II type 2 receptor antagonist) on regional blood flow and vascular conductance were assessed in rats with aortocaval fistula and sham-operated rats. Control of blood flow and vascular conductance by angiotensin II was evaluated by serial bolus injections of captopril, losartan and PD 123319 in anaesthetized rats. In rats with fistula, PD 123319 significantly decreased, whereas captopril and losartan increased, mesenteric blood flow. The decrease in mesenteric blood flow induced by PD 123319 was significantly greater in rats with fistula compared with sham operation. Captopril and PD 123319 significantly decreased renal blood flow compared with losartan, which increased it. In sham-operated rats, captopril and losartan significantly increased, whereas PD 123319 decreased, mesenteric and renal conductance. In rats with fistula, captopril and losartan significantly increased, whereas PD 123319 decreased, mesenteric conductance. The significant increase produced by losartan on mesenteric conductance was greater in rats with fistula compared with sham operation. PD 123319 produced a significantly greater decrease in renal conductance of rats with aortocaval fistula compared with sham-operated rats. Captopril, losartan and PD 123319 did not significantly affect perfusion in the hindquarter in rats with fistula or sham-operated. The renin-angiotensin system is more active in the control of regional haemodynamics in rats with aortocaval fistula and acts as a mechanism of maintaining normal arterial blood pressure in these animals. In rats with fistula, angiotensin II type 1 receptors predominate in regulating regional haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Duggan
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Reza Tabrizchi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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Mouton AJ, Ninh VK, El Hajj EC, El Hajj MC, Gilpin NW, Gardner JD. Exposure to chronic alcohol accelerates development of wall stress and eccentric remodeling in rats with volume overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:15-23. [PMID: 27107489 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse is one of the leading causes of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the United States. Volume overload (VO) also produces DCM characterized by left ventricular (LV) dilatation and reduced systolic and diastolic function, eventually progressing to congestive heart failure. For this study, we hypothesized that chronic alcohol exposure would exacerbate cardiac dysfunction and remodeling due to VO. Aortocaval fistula surgery was used to induce VO, and compensatory cardiac remodeling was allowed to progress for either 3days (acute) or 8weeks (chronic). Alcohol was administered via chronic intermittent ethanol vapor (EtOH) for 2weeks before the acute study and for the duration of the 8week chronic study. Temporal alterations in LV function were assessed by echocardiography. At the 8week end point, pressure-volume loop analysis was performed by LV catheterization and cardiac tissue collected. EtOH did not exacerbate LV dilatation (end-systolic and diastolic diameter) or systolic dysfunction (fractional shortening, ejection fraction) due to VO. The combined stress of EtOH and VO decreased the eccentric index (posterior wall thickness to end-diastolic diameter ratio), increased end-diastolic pressure (EDP), and elevated diastolic wall stress. VO also led to increases in posterior wall thickness, which was not observed in the VO+EtOH group, and wall thickness significantly correlated with LV BNP expression. VO alone led to increases in interstitial collagen staining (picrosirius red), which while not statistically significant, tended to be decreased by EtOH. VO increased LV collagen I protein expression, whereas in rats with VO+EtOH, LV collagen I was not elevated relative to Sham. The combination of VO and EtOH also led to increases in LV collagen III expression relative to Sham. Rats with VO+EtOH had significantly lower collagen I/III ratio than rats with VO alone. During the acute remodeling phase of VO (3days), VO significantly increased collagen III expression, whereas this effect was not observed in rats with VO+EtOH. In conclusion, chronic EtOH accelerates the development of elevated wall stress and promotes early eccentric remodeling in rats with VO. Our data indicate that these effects may be due to disruptions in compensatory hypertrophy and extracellular matrix remodeling in response to volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Mouton
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Van K Ninh
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Elia C El Hajj
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Milad C El Hajj
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Nicholas W Gilpin
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
| | - Jason D Gardner
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Department of Physiology, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, United States.
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Jose Corbalan J, Vatner DE, Vatner SF. Myocardial apoptosis in heart disease: does the emperor have clothes? Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:31. [PMID: 27043720 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of a novel mechanism of cell death that differs from traditional necrosis, i.e., apoptosis, there have been numerous studies concluding that increased apoptosis augments myocardial infarction and heart failure and that limiting apoptosis protects the heart. Importantly, the vast majority of cells in the heart are non-myocytes with only roughly 30 % myocytes, yet almost the entire field studying apoptosis in the heart has disregarded non-myocyte apoptosis, e.g., only 4.7 % of 423 studies on myocardial apoptosis in the past 3 years quantified non-myocyte apoptosis. Accordingly, we reviewed the history of apoptosis in the heart focusing first on myocyte apoptosis, followed by the history of non-myocyte apoptosis in myocardial infarction and heart failure. Apoptosis of several of the major non-myocyte cell types in the heart (cardiac fibroblasts, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and leukocytes) may actually be responsible for affecting the severity of myocardial infarction and heart failure. In summary, even though it is now known that the majority of apoptosis in the heart occurs in non-myocytes, very little work has been done to elucidate the mechanisms by which non-myocyte apoptosis might be responsible for the adverse effects of apoptosis in myocardial infarction and heart failure. The goal of this review is to provide an impetus for future work in this field on non-myocyte apoptosis that will be required for a better understanding of the role of apoptosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jose Corbalan
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Czarnowska E, Bierła JB, Toczek M, Tyrankiewicz U, Pająk B, Domal-Kwiatkowska D, Ratajska A, Smoleński RT, Mende U, Chłopicki S. Narrow time window of metabolic changes associated with transition to overt heart failure in Tgaq*44 mice. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:707-14. [PMID: 27126697 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing and consequences of alternations in substrate utilization in heart failure (HF) and their relationship with structural changes remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze metabolic changes associated with transition to overt heart failure in transgenic mouse model of HF resulting from cardiac-specific overexpression of constitutively active Gαq*. METHODS Structural changes quantified by morphometry, relative cardiac mRNA and protein expression of PPARα, FAT/CD36, CPT-1, GLUT-4 and glycolytic efficiency following administration of 1-(13)C glucose were investigated in 4-14-month-old Tgαq*44 mice (TG), compared with age-matched FVB wild type mice (WT). RESULTS Initial hypertrophy in TG (4-10-month of age) was featured by an accelerated glycolytic pathway that was not accompanied by structural changes in cardiomyocytes. In 10-month-old TG, cardiomyocyte elongation and hypertrophic remodeling and increased glycolytic flux was accompanied by relatively low expression of FAT/CD36, CPT-1 and PPARα. During the transition phase (12-month-old TG), a pronounced increase in PPARα with an increase in relative fatty acid (FA) flux was associated with anomalies of cardiomyocytes with accumulation of lipid droplets and glycogen as well as cell death. At the stage of overt heart failure (14-month-old TG), an accelerated glycolytic pathway with a decline in FA oxidation was accompanied by further structural changes. CONCLUSION Tgαq*44 mice display three distinct phases of metabolic/structural changes during hypertrophy and progression to HF, with relatively short period of increase in FA metabolism, highlighting a narrow metabolic changes associated with transition to overt heart failure in Tgaq*44 mice that have therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Czarnowska
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Joanna B Bierła
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marta Toczek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Urszula Tyrankiewicz
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Pająk
- Electron Microscopy Platform, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland; Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dorota Domal-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Ratajska
- Department of Pathology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Ulrike Mende
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Stefan Chłopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland; Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Fu L, Wei CC, Powell PC, Bradley WE, Ahmad S, Ferrario CM, Collawn JF, Dell'Italia LJ. Increased fibroblast chymase production mediates procollagen autophagic digestion in volume overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 92:1-9. [PMID: 26807691 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has identified mast cells as the major source of chymase largely associated with a profibrotic phenotype. We recently reported increased fibroblast autophagic procollagen degradation in a rat model of pure volume overload (VO). Here we demonstrate a connection between increased fibroblast chymase production and autophagic digestion of procollagen in the pure VO of aortocaval fistula (ACF) in the rat. METHODS AND RESULTS Isolated LV fibroblasts taken from 4 and 12week ACF Sprague-Dawley rats have significant increases in chymase mRNA and chymase activity. Increased intracellular chymase protein is documented by immunocytochemistry in the ACF fibroblasts compared to cells obtained from age-matched sham rats. To implicate VO as a stimulus for chymase production, we show that isolated adult rat LV fibroblasts subjected to 24h of 20% cyclical stretch induces chymase mRNA and protein production. Exogenous chymase treatment of control isolated adult cardiac fibroblasts demonstrates that chymase is internalized through a dynamin-dependent mechanism. Chymase treatment leads to an increased formation of autophagic vacuoles, LC3-II production, autophagic flux, resulting in increased procollagen degradation. Chymase inhibitor treatment reduces cyclical stretch-induced autophagy in isolated cardiac fibroblasts, demonstrating chymase's role in autophagy induction. CONCLUSION In a pure VO model, chymase produced in adult cardiac fibroblasts leads to autophagic degradation of newly synthesized intracellular procollagen I, suggesting a new role of chymase in extracellular matrix degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianwu Fu
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Pamela C Powell
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Birmingham Veteran Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
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Transcriptional Changes Associated with Long-Term Left Ventricle Volume Overload in Rats: Impact on Enzymes Related to Myocardial Energy Metabolism. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:949624. [PMID: 26583150 PMCID: PMC4637065 DOI: 10.1155/2015/949624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with left ventricle (LV) volume overload (VO) remain in a compensated state for many years although severe dilation is present. The myocardial capacity to fulfill its energetic demand may delay decompensation. We performed a gene expression profile, a model of chronic VO in rat LV with severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR) for 9 months, and focused on the study of genes associated with myocardial energetics. Methods. LV gene expression profile was performed in rats after 9 months of AR and compared to sham-operated controls. LV glucose and fatty acid (FA) uptake was also evaluated in vivo by positron emission tomography in 8-week AR rats treated or not with fenofibrate, an activator of FA oxidation (FAO). Results. Many LV genes associated with mitochondrial function and metabolism were downregulated in AR rats. FA β-oxidation capacity was significantly impaired as early as two weeks after AR. Treatment with fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist, normalized both FA and glucose uptake while reducing LV dilation caused by AR. Conclusion. Myocardial energy substrate preference is affected early in the evolution of LV-VO cardiomyopathy. Maintaining a relatively normal FA utilization in the myocardium could translate into less glucose uptake and possibly lesser LV remodeling.
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Volume overload induces autophagic degradation of procollagen in cardiac fibroblasts. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:241-250. [PMID: 26596413 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In a pure volume overloaded (VO) heart, interstitial collagen loss is degraded by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that leads to left ventricular (LV) dilatation and heart failure. Cardiac fibroblasts are the primary source of extracellular matrix proteins that connect cardiomyocytes. The goal of this study was to determine how VO affects intracellular procollagen in cardiac fibroblasts. Using the aortocaval fistula (ACF) model in Sprague-Dawley rats, we demonstrate that cardiac fibroblasts isolated from 4 and 12 wk ACF animals have decreased intracellular procollagen I compared to the fibroblasts from age-matched shams. The reduction of procollagen I is associated with increased autophagy as demonstrated by increased autophagic vacuoles and LC3-II expression. To test the relationship between autophagy and procollagen degradation, we treated adult cardiac fibroblasts with either an autophagy inducer, rapamycin, or an inhibitor, wortmannin, and found that procollagen I protein levels were decreased in fibroblasts treated with rapamycin and elevated in wortmannin-treated cells. In addition, we demonstrated that VO induces oxidative stresses in cardiac fibroblasts from 4 and 12 wk ACF rats. Treatment of cultured cardiac fibroblasts with an oxidative stress-inducing agent (DMNQ) induces autophagy and intracellular procollagen I and fibronectin degradation, which is reversed by wortmannin but not by the global MMP inhibitor (PD166793). Mechanical stretch of cardiac fibroblasts also induces oxidative stress and autophagic degradation of procollagen I and fibronectin. Our results suggest that in addition to the well-known effects of MMPs on extracellular collagen degradation in VO, there is a concurrent degradation of intracellular procollagen and fibronectin mediated by oxidative stress-induced autophagy in cardiac fibroblasts.
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Abstract
: Mitral regurgitation and other conditions marked by a pure isolated volume overload (VO) of the heart result in a progressive form of eccentric left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction. As opposed to the more extensively studied pressure overload, there are no approved medical therapies because an understanding of the underlying pathological mechanisms at work in VO is lacking. Over the past 20 years, our laboratory has identified multiple key biological functions involved in the pathological remodeling in VO. Specifically, we have noted perturbed matrix homeostasis, detrimental adrenergic signaling, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species and an intense inflammatory response that implicates mast cells and their product chymase, which seems to cause extensive remodeling both inside and outside the cardiomyocyte. How these multiple pathways intersect over the course of VO and their response to various single and combined interventions are now the subject of intense investigation.
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Yancey DM, Guichard JL, Ahmed MI, Zhou L, Murphy MP, Johnson MS, Benavides GA, Collawn J, Darley-Usmar V, Dell'Italia LJ. Cardiomyocyte mitochondrial oxidative stress and cytoskeletal breakdown in the heart with a primary volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H651-63. [PMID: 25599572 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00638.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) volume overload (VO) results in cardiomyocyte oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Because mitochondria are both a source and target of ROS, we hypothesized that the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant mitoubiquinone (MitoQ) will improve cardiomyocyte damage and LV dysfunction in VO. Isolated cardiomyocytes from Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to stretch in vitro and VO of aortocaval fistula (ACF) in vivo. ACF rats were treated with and without MitoQ. Isolated cardiomyocytes were analyzed after 3 h of cyclical stretch or 8 wk of ACF with MitoSox red or 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate to measure ROS and with tetramethylrhodamine to measure mitochondrial membrane potential. Transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used for cardiomyocyte structural assessment. In vitro cyclical stretch and 8-wk ACF resulted in increased cardiomyocyte mitochondrial ROS production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, which were significantly improved by MitoQ. ACF had extensive loss of desmin and β₂-tubulin that was paralleled by mitochondrial disorganization, loss of cristae, swelling, and clustering identified by mitochondria complex IV staining and transmission electron microscopy. MitoQ improved mitochondrial structural damage and attenuated desmin loss/degradation evidenced by immunohistochemistry and protein expression. However, LV dilatation and fractional shortening were unaffected by MitoQ treatment in 8-wk ACF. In conclusion, although MitoQ did not affect LV dilatation or function in ACF, these experiments suggest a connection of cardiomyocyte mitochondria-derived ROS production with cytoskeletal disruption and mitochondrial damage in the VO of ACF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Yancey
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jason L Guichard
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mustafa I Ahmed
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lufang Zhou
- UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Michelle S Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gloria A Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; UAB Comprehensive Cardiovascular Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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40
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Qin W, Du N, Zhang L, Wu X, Hu Y, Li X, Shen N, Li Y, Yang B, Xu C, Fang Z, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Du Z. Genistein alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5559-72. [PMID: 25362897 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pressure overload-induced cardiac interstitial fibrosis is viewed as a major cause of heart failure in patients with hypertension or aorta atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of genistein, a natural phytoestrogen found in soy bean extract, on pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Genisten was administered to mice with pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction. Eight weeks later, its effects on cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis were determined. Its effects on proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast transformation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and the signalling pathways were also assessed in vitro. KEY RESULTS Pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy and fibrosis were markedly attenuated by genistein. In cultured CFs, genistein inhibited TGFβ1-induced proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast transformation. Genistein suppressed TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) expression and produced anti-fibrotic effects by blocking the TAK1/MKK4/JNK pathway. Further analysis indicated that it up-regulated oestrogen-dependent expression of metastasis-associated gene 3 (MTA3), which was found to be a negative regulator of TAK1. Silencing MTA3 by siRNA, or inhibiting the activity of the MTA3-NuRD complex with trichostatin A, abolished genistein's anti-fibrotic effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Genistein improved cardiac function and inhibited cardiac fibrosis in response to pressure overload. The underlying mechanism may involve regulation of the MTA3/TAK1/MKK4/JNK signalling pathway. Genistein may have potential as a novel agent for prevention and therapy of cardiac disorders associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Du
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Longyin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianxian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Nannan Shen
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chaoqian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhimin Du
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Barnes J, Pat B, Chen YW, Powell PC, Bradley WE, Zheng J, Karki A, Cui X, Guichard J, Wei CC, Collawn J, Dell'Italia LJ. Whole-genome profiling highlights the molecular complexity underlying eccentric cardiac hypertrophy. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 8:97-118. [PMID: 24692245 DOI: 10.1177/1753944714527490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Heart failure is typically preceded by myocardial hypertrophy and remodeling, which can be concentric due to pressure overload (PO), or eccentric because of volume overload (VO). The molecular mechanisms that underlie these differing patterns of hypertrophy are distinct and have yet to be fully elucidated. Thus, the goal of this work is to identify novel therapeutic targets for cardiovascular conditions marked by hypertrophy that have previously been resistant to medical treatment, such as a pure VO. METHODS Concentric or eccentric hypertrophy was induced in rats for 2 weeks with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or aortocaval fistula (ACF), respectively. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic analysis were used to assess the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and functional differences between groups. Changes in gene expression were determined by microarray and further characterized with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. RESULTS Both models of hypertrophy increased LV mass. Rats with TAC demonstrated concentric LV remodeling while rats with ACF exhibited eccentric LV remodeling. Microarray analysis associated eccentric remodeling with a more extensive alteration of gene expression compared with concentric remodeling. Rats with VO had a marked activation of extracellular matrix genes, promotion of cell cycle genes, downregulation of genes associated with oxidative metabolism, and dysregulation of genes critical to cardiac contractile function. Rats with PO demonstrated similar categorical changes, but with the involvement of fewer individual genes. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that eccentric remodeling is a far more complex process than concentric remodeling. This study highlights the importance of several key biological functions early in the course of VO, including regulation of matrix, metabolism, cell proliferation, and contractile function. Thus, the results of this analysis will inform the ongoing search for new treatments to prevent the progression to heart failure in VO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Barnes
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Betty Pat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Pamela C Powell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Wayne E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Junying Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amrit Karki
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jason Guichard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USADepartment of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chih-Chang Wei
- Birmingham Department of Veteran Affairs, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - James Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Wilson K, Lucchesi PA. Myofilament dysfunction as an emerging mechanism of volume overload heart failure. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1065-77. [PMID: 24488008 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two main hemodynamic overload mechanisms [i.e., volume and pressure overload (VO and PO, respectively] result in heart failure (HF), and these two mechanisms have divergent pathologic alterations and different pathophysiological mechanisms. Extensive evidence from animal models and human studies of PO demonstrate a clear association with alterations in Ca(2+) homeostasis. By contrast, emerging evidence from animal models and patients with regurgitant valve disease and dilated cardiomyopathy point toward a more prominent role of myofilament dysfunction. With respect to VO HF, key features of excitation-contraction coupling defects, myofilament dysfunction, and extracellular matrix composition will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Wilson
- Center for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
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43
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A modified approach to induce predictable congestive heart failure by volume overload in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87531. [PMID: 24498127 PMCID: PMC3909118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The model of infrarenal aortocaval fistula (ACF) has recently gained new interest in its use to investigate cardiac pathophysiology. Since in previous investigations the development of congestive heart failure (CHF) was inconsistent and started to develop earliest 8–10 weeks after fistula induction using a 18G needle, this project aimed to induce a predictable degree of CHF within a definite time period using a modified approach. An aortocaval fistula was induced in male Wistar rats using a 16G needle as a modification of the former 18G needle-technique described by Garcia and Diebold. Results revealed within 28±2 days of ACF significantly increased heart and lung weight indices in the ACF group accompanied by elevated filling pressure. All hemodynamic parameters derived from a pressure-volume conductance-catheter in vivo were significantly altered in the ACF consistent with severe systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction. This was accompanied by systemic neurohumoral activation as demonstrated by elevated rBNP-45 plasma concentrations in every rat of the ACF group. Furthermore, the restriction in overall cardiac function was associated with a β1- and β2-adrenoreceptor mRNA downregulation in the left ventricle. In contrast, β3-adrenoreceptor mRNA was upregulated. Finally, electron microscopy of the left ventricle of rats in the ACF group showed signs of progressive subcellular myocardial fragmentation. In conclusion, the morphometric, hemodynamic and neurohumoral characterization of the modified approach revealed predictable and consistent signs of congestive heart failure within 28±2 days. Therefore, this modified approach might facilitate the examination of various questions specific to CHF and allow for pharmacological interventions to determine pathophysiological pathways.
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44
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Zheng J, Yancey DM, Ahmed MI, Wei CC, Powell PC, Shanmugam M, Gupta H, Lloyd SG, McGiffin DC, Schiros CG, Denney TS, Babu GJ, Dell'Italia LJ. Increased sarcolipin expression and adrenergic drive in humans with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and chronic isolated mitral regurgitation. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 7:194-202. [PMID: 24297688 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is currently no therapy proven to attenuate left ventricular (LV) dilatation and dysfunction in volume overload induced by isolated mitral regurgitation (MR). To better understand molecular signatures underlying isolated MR, we performed LV gene expression analyses and overlaid regulated genes into ingenuity pathway analysis in patients with isolated MR. METHODS AND RESULTS Gene arrays from LV tissue of 35 patients, taken at the time of surgical repair for isolated MR, were compared with 13 normal controls. Cine-MRI was performed in 31 patients before surgery to measure LV function and volume from serial short-axis summation. LV end-diastolic volume was 2-fold (P=0.005) higher in MR patients than in normal controls, and LV ejection fraction was 64±7% (50%-79%) in MR patients. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified significant activation of pathways involved in β-adrenergic, cAMP, and G-protein-coupled signaling, whereas there was downregulation of pathways associated with complement activation and acute phase response. SERCA2a and phospholamban protein were unchanged in MR versus control left ventricles. However, mRNA and protein levels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) regulatory protein sarcolipin, which is predominantly expressed in normal atria, were increased 12- and 6-fold, respectively. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the absence of sarcolipin in normal left ventricles and its marked upregulation in MR left ventricles. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate alterations in multiple pathways associated with β-adrenergic signaling and sarcolipin in the left ventricles of patients with isolated MR and LV ejection fraction>50%, suggesting a beneficial role for β-adrenergic blockade in isolated MR.
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45
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Eplerenone enhances cardioprotective effects of standard heart failure therapy through matricellular proteins in hypertensive heart failure. J Hypertens 2013; 31:2309-18; discussion 2319. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328364abd6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Hwang SJ, Kim YW, Park Y, Lee HJ, Kim KW. Anti-inflammatory effects of chlorogenic acid in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflamm Res 2013; 63:81-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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47
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Gladden JD, Zelickson BR, Guichard JL, Ahmed MI, Yancey DM, Ballinger S, Shanmugam M, Babu GJ, Johnson MS, Darley-Usmar V, Dell'Italia LJ. Xanthine oxidase inhibition preserves left ventricular systolic but not diastolic function in cardiac volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1440-50. [PMID: 24014679 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00007.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase (XO) is increased in human and rat left ventricular (LV) myocytes with volume overload (VO) of mitral regurgitation and aortocaval fistula (ACF). In the setting of increased ATP demand, XO-mediated ROS can decrease mitochondrial respiration and contractile function. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that XO inhibition improves cardiomyocyte bioenergetics and LV function in chronic ACF in the rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to either sham or ACF ± allopurinol (100 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1), n ≥7 rats/group). Echocardiography at 8 wk demonstrated a similar 37% increase in LV end-diastolic dimension (P < 0.001), a twofold increase in LV end-diastolic pressure/wall stress (P < 0.05), and a twofold increase in lung weight (P < 0.05) in treated and untreated ACF groups versus the sham group. LV ejection fraction, velocity of circumferential shortening, maximal systolic elastance, and contractile efficiency were significantly depressed in ACF and significantly improved in ACF + allopurinol rats, all of which occurred in the absence of changes in the maximum O2 consumption rate measured in isolated cardiomyocytes using the extracellular flux analyzer. However, the improvement in contractile function is not paralleled by any attenuation in LV dilatation, LV end-diastolic pressure/wall stress, and lung weight. In conclusion, allopurinol improves LV contractile function and efficiency possibly by diminishing the known XO-mediated ROS effects on myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity. However, LV remodeling and diastolic properties are not improved, which may explain the failure of XO inhibition to improve symptoms and hospitalizations in patients with severe heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Gladden
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (UABComprehensive Cardiovascular Center, UAB Birmingham, Alabama
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Liu Y, Dillon AR, Tillson M, Makarewich C, Nguyen V, Dell’Italia L, Sabri AK, Rizzo V, Tsai EJ. Volume overload induces differential spatiotemporal regulation of myocardial soluble guanylyl cyclase in eccentric hypertrophy and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 60:72-83. [PMID: 23567617 PMCID: PMC4064793 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) blunts the cardiac stress response, including cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In the concentric hypertrophied heart, oxidation and re-localization of myocardial sGC diminish cyclase activity, thus aggravating depressed nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO-cGMP) signaling in the pressure-overloaded failing heart. Here, we hypothesized that volume-overload differentially disrupts myocardial sGC activity during early compensated and late decompensated stages of eccentric hypertrophy. To this end, we studied the expression, redox state, subcellular localization, and activity of sGC in the left ventricle of dogs subjected to chordal rupture-induced mitral regurgitation (MR). Unoperated dogs were used as Controls. Animals were studied at 4weeks and 12months post chordal rupture, corresponding with early (4wkMR) and late stages (12moMR) of eccentric hypertrophy. We found that the sGC heterodimer subunits relocalized away from caveolae-enriched lipid raft microdomains at different stages; sGCβ1 at 4wkMR, followed by sGCα1 at 12moMR. Moreover, expression of both sGC subunits fell at 12moMR. Using the heme-dependent NO donor DEA/NO and NO-/heme-independent sGC activator BAY 60-2770, we determined the redox state and inducible activity of sGC in the myocardium, within caveolae and non-lipid raft microdomains. sGC was oxidized in non-lipid raft microdomains at 4wkMR and 12moMR. While overall DEA/NO-responsiveness remained intact in MR hearts, DEA/NO responsiveness of sGC in non-lipid raft microdomains was depressed at 12moMR. Caveolae-localization protected sGC against oxidation. Further studies revealed that these modifications of sGC were also reflected in caveolae-localized cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and MAPK signaling. In MR hearts, PKG-mediated phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) disappeared from caveolae whereas caveolae-localization of phosphorylated ERK5 increased. These findings show that differential oxidation, re-localization, and expression of sGC subunits distinguish eccentric from concentric hypertrophy as well as compensated from decompensated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A. Ray Dillon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Michael Tillson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Catherine Makarewich
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Vincent Nguyen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Louis Dell’Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Abdel Karim Sabri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily J. Tsai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Section in Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Reddy S, Zhao M, Hu DQ, Fajardo G, Katznelson E, Punn R, Spin JM, Chan FP, Bernstein D. Physiologic and molecular characterization of a murine model of right ventricular volume overload. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1314-27. [PMID: 23504182 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00776.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary insufficiency (PI) is a common long-term sequel after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, causing progressive right ventricular (RV) dilation and failure. We describe the physiologic and molecular characteristics of the first murine model of RV volume overload. PI was created by entrapping the pulmonary valve leaflets with sutures. Imaging, catheterization, and exercise testing were performed at 1, 3, and 6 mo and compared with sham controls. RNA from the RV free wall was hybridized to Agilent whole genome oligonucleotide microarrays. Volume overload resulted in RV enlargement, decreased RV outflow tract shortening fraction at 1 mo followed by normalization at 3 and 6 mo (39 ± 2, 44 ± 2, and 41 ± 2 vs. 46 ± 3% in sham), early reversal of early and late diastolic filling velocities (E/A ratio) followed by pseudonormalization (0.87 ± 0.08, 0.82 ± 0.08, and 0.96 ± 0.08 vs. 1.04 ± 0.03; P < 0.05), elevated end-diastolic pressure (7.6 ± 0.7, 6.9 ± 0.8, and 7 ± 0.5 vs. 2.7 ± 0.2 mmHg; P < 0.05), and decreased exercise duration (26 ± 0.4, 26 ± 1, and 22 ± 1.3 vs. 30 ± 1.1 min; P < 0.05). Subendocardial RV fibrosis was evident by 1 mo. At 1 mo, 372 genes were significantly downregulated. Mitochondrial pathways and G protein-coupled receptor signaling were the most represented categories. At 3 mo, 434 genes were upregulated and 307 downregulated. While many of the same pathways continued to be downregulated, TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β(1) (TGF-β(1)), p53-signaling, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling transitioned from down- to upregulated. We describe a novel murine model of chronic RV volume overload recapitulating aspects of the clinical disease with gene expression changes suggesting early mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction, enhanced TGF-β signaling, ECM remodeling, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Reddy
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Perlini S, Chung ES, Aurigemma GP, Meyer TE. Alterations in Early Filling Dynamics Predict the Progression of Compensated Pressure Overload Hypertrophy to Heart Failure Better than Abnormalities in Midwall Systolic Shortening. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 35:401-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.739235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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