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Brinza I, Boiangiu RS, Mihasan M, Gorgan DL, Stache AB, Abd-Alkhalek A, El-Nashar H, Ayoub I, Mostafa N, Eldahshan O, Singab AN, Hritcu L. Rhoifolin, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether and agathisflavone prevent amnesia induced in scopolamine zebrafish (Danio rerio) model by increasing the mRNA expression of bdnf, npy, egr-1, nfr2α, and creb1 genes. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 984:177013. [PMID: 39378928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.177013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
The increasing attention towards age-related diseases has generated significant interest in the concept of cognitive dysfunction associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Certain limitations are associated with the current therapies, and flavonoids have been reported to exhibit multiple biological activities and anti-AD effects in several AD models owing to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this study, we performed an initial in silico predictions of the pharmacokinetic properties of three flavonoids (rhoifolin, baicalein 5,6-dimethyl ether and agathisflavone). Subsequently, we evaluated the antiamnesic and antioxidant potential of flavonoids in concentrations of 1, 3, and 5 μg/L in scopolamine (100 μM)-induced amnesic zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Zebrafish behavior was analyzed by novel tank diving test (NTT), Y-maze, and novel object recognition test (NOR). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, brain antioxidant status and the expression of bdnf, npy, egr1, nrf2α, creb1 genes, and CREB-1 protein level was measured to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. Our flavonoids improved memory and decreased anxiety-like behavior of scopolamine-induced amnesia in zebrafish. Also, the studied flavonoids reduced AChE activity and brain oxidative stress and upregulated the gene expression, collectively contributing to neuroprotective properties. The results of our study add new perspectives on the properties of flavonoids to regulate the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD, by modulating the expression of genes involved in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, and guidance, sympathetic and vagal transmission, the antioxidant response and cell proliferation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Brinza
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan Stefan Boiangiu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Lucian Gorgan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Bogdan Stache
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania; Department of Molecular Genetics, Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine-TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Heba El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Iriny Ayoub
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Nada Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Omayma Eldahshan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Center of Drug Discovery Research and Development, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
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2
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Dhyani N, Tian C, Gao L, Rudebush TL, Zucker IH. Nrf2-Keap1 in Cardiovascular Disease: Which Is the Cart and Which the Horse? Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:0. [PMID: 38687468 PMCID: PMC11460534 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00015.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High levels of oxidant stress in the form of reactive oxidant species are prevalent in the circulation and tissues in various types of cardiovascular disease including heart failure, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, and stroke. Here we review the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), an important and widespread antioxidant and anti-inflammatory transcription factor that may contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of cardiovascular diseases. We review studies showing that downregulation of Nrf2 exacerbates heart failure, hypertension, and autonomic function. Finally, we discuss the potential for using Nrf2 modulation as a therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases and autonomic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dhyani
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Changhai Tian
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States
| | - Lie Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Tara L Rudebush
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
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3
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Li K, Song Z, Yue Q, Wang Q, Li Y, Zhu Y, Chen H. Disease-specific transcriptional programs govern airway goblet cell metaplasia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34105. [PMID: 39071568 PMCID: PMC11283004 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypersecretion of airway mucus caused by goblet cell metaplasia is a characteristic of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases including asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Goblet cells originate from airway progenitor club cells. However, the molecular mechanisms and features of goblet cell metaplasia in lung disease are poorly understood. Herein, public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of human lungs were reanalyzed to explore the transitional phase as club cells differentiate into goblet cells in asthma, CF, and COPD. We found that changes in club and goblet cells during pathogenesis and cellular transition were associated with signalling pathways related to immune response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Moreover, other key drivers of goblet cell specification appeared to be pathologically specific, with interleukin (IL)-13 and hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1)-induced genetic changes in asthma, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation being present in CF, and interactions with CD8+ T cells, mitophagy, and mitochondria-induced apoptosis in COPD. In conclusion, this study revealed the similarities and differences in goblet cell metaplasia in asthma, CF, and COPD at the transcriptome level, thereby providing insights into possible novel therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyu Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Lab, Tianjin First Central Hospital, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Department of Tuberculosis, Haihe Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, 300350, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, 300350, Tianjin, China
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4
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Lou C, Fang Y, Mei Y, Hu W, Sun L, Jin C, Chen H, Zheng W. Cucurbitacin B attenuates osteoarthritis development by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis through activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3352-3369. [PMID: 38642047 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complicated joint disorder characterized by inflammation that causes joint destruction. Cucurbitacin B (CuB) is a naturally occurring triterpenoid compound derived from plants in the Cucurbitaceae family. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential role and mechanisms of CuB in a mouse model of OA. This study identified the key targets and potential pathways of CuB through network pharmacology analysis. In vivo and in vitro studies confirmed the potential mechanisms of CuB in OA. Through network pharmacology, 54 potential targets for CuB in treating OA were identified. The therapeutic potential of CuB is associated with the nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis. Molecular docking results indicate a strong binding affinity of CuB to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p65. In vitro experiments demonstrate that CuB effectively inhibits the expression of pro-inflammatory factors induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, and IL-18. CuB inhibits the degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan in the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5. CuB protects cells by activating the Nrf2/hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway and inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis. Moreover, in vivo experiments show that CuB can slow down cartilage degradation in an OA mouse model. CuB effectively prevents the progression of OA by inhibiting inflammation in chondrocytes and ECM degradation. This action is further mediated through the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to inhibit NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Thus, CuB is a potential therapeutic agent for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuqin Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifan Mei
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liaojun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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Huang Y, Osouli A, Pham J, Mancino V, O'Grady C, Khan T, Chaudhuri B, Pastor-Soler NM, Hallows KR, Chung EJ. Investigation of Basolateral Targeting Micelles for Drug Delivery Applications in Polycystic Kidney Disease. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:2749-2761. [PMID: 38652072 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a complex disorder characterized by uncontrolled renal cyst growth, leading to kidney function decline. The multifaceted nature of ADPKD suggests that single-pathway interventions using individual small molecule drugs may not be optimally effective. As such, a strategy encompassing combination therapy that addresses multiple ADPKD-associated signaling pathways could offer synergistic therapeutic results. However, severe off-targeting side effects of small molecule drugs pose a major hurdle to their clinical transition. To address this, we identified four drug candidates from ADPKD clinical trials, bardoxolone methyl (Bar), octreotide (Oct), salsalate (Sal), and pravastatin (Pra), and incorporated them into peptide amphiphile micelles containing the RGD peptide (GRGDSP), which binds to the basolateral surface of renal tubules via integrin receptors on the extracellular matrix. We hypothesized that encapsulating drug combinations into RGD micelles would enable targeting to the basolateral side of renal tubules, which is the site of disease, via renal secretion, leading to superior therapeutic benefits compared to free drugs. To test this, we first evaluated the synergistic effect of drug combinations using the 20% inhibitory concentration for each drug (IC20) on renal proximal tubule cells derived from Pkd1flox/-:TSLargeT mice. Next, we synthesized and characterized the RGD micelles encapsulated with drug combinations and measured their in vitro therapeutic effects via a 3D PKD growth model. Upon both IV and IP injections in vivo, RGD micelles showed a significantly higher accumulation in the kidneys compared to NT micelles, and the renal access of RGD micelles was significantly reduced after the inhibition of renal secretion. Specifically, both Bar+Oct and Bar+Sal in the RGD micelle treatment showed enhanced therapeutic efficacy in ADPKD mice (Pkd1fl/fl;Pax8-rtTA;Tet-O-Cre) with a significantly lower KW/BW ratio and cyst index as compared to PBS and free drug-treated controls, while other combinations did not show a significant difference. Hence, we demonstrate that renal targeting through basolateral targeting micelles enhances the therapeutic potential of combination therapy in genetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Ali Osouli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Jessica Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Valeria Mancino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Colette O'Grady
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Taranatee Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Baishali Chaudhuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nuria M Pastor-Soler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Kenneth R Hallows
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- USC/UKRO Kidney Research Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
- Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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6
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Amador-Martínez I, Medina-Campos ON, Garcia-Garcia M, Bernabe-Yepes B, León-Contreras JC, Hernández-Pando R, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Tapia E, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Sulforaphane protects from kidney damage during the release of unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) by activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2): Role of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 212:49-64. [PMID: 38141891 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Releasing unilateral ureteral obstruction (RUUO) is the gold standard for decreasing renal damage induced during unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO); however, the complete recovery after RUUO depends on factors such as the time and severity of obstruction and kidney contralateral compensatory mechanisms. Interestingly, previous studies have shown that kidney damage markers such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are present and even increase after removal obstruction. To date, previous therapeutic strategies have been used to potentiate the recovery of renal function after RUUO; however, the mechanisms involving renal damage reduction are poorly described and sometimes focus on the recovery of renal functionality. Furthermore, using natural antioxidants has not been completely studied in the RUUO model. In this study, we selected sulforaphane (SFN) because it activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that induces an antioxidant response, decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation, preventing apoptosis. Thus, we pre-administrated SFN on the second day after UUO until day five, where we released the obstruction on the three days after UUO. Then, we assessed oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis markers. Interestingly, we found that SFN administration in the RUUO model activated Nrf2, inducing its translocation to the nucleus to activate its target proteins. Thus, the Nrf2 activation upregulated glutathione (GSH) content and the antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), which reduced the oxidative stress markers. Moreover, the improvement of antioxidant response by SFN restored S-glutathionylation in the mitochondrial fraction. Activated Nrf2 also reduced inflammation by lessening the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) production. Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation prevented apoptosis by avoiding caspase 3 cleavage and increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) levels. Taken together, the obtained results in our study showed that the upregulation of Nrf2 by SFN decreases oxidative stress, preventing inflammation and apoptosis cell death during the release of UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chavez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Isabel Amador-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Noel Medina-Campos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Misael Garcia-Garcia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Bismarck Bernabe-Yepes
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos León-Contreras
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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7
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Yuhan L, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Impact of NQO1 dysregulation in CNS disorders. J Transl Med 2024; 22:4. [PMID: 38167027 PMCID: PMC10762857 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of neuronal function and synaptic plasticity, cellular adaptation to oxidative stress, neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes, and tumorigenesis in the central nervous system (CNS). Impairment of the NQO1 activity in the CNS can result in abnormal neurotransmitter release and clearance, increased oxidative stress, and aggravated cellular injury/death. Furthermore, it can cause disturbances in neural circuit function and synaptic neurotransmission. The abnormalities of NQO1 enzyme activity have been linked to the pathophysiological mechanisms of multiple neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and brain malignancy. NQO1 contributes to various dimensions of tumorigenesis and treatment response in various brain tumors. The precise mechanisms through which abnormalities in NQO1 function contribute to these neurological disorders continue to be a subject of ongoing research. Building upon the existing knowledge, the present study reviews current investigations describing the role of NQO1 dysregulations in various neurological disorders. This study emphasizes the potential of NQO1 as a biomarker in diagnostic and prognostic approaches, as well as its suitability as a target for drug development strategies in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuhan
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Ali Gorji
- Epilepsy Research Center, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Münster University, Münster, Germany.
- Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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8
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Pradhan A, Che L, Ustiyan V, Reza AA, Pek NM, Zhang Y, Alber AB, Kalin TR, Wambach JA, Gu M, Kotton DN, Siefert ME, Ziady AG, Kalin TV, Kalinichenko VV. Novel FOXF1-Stabilizing Compound TanFe Stimulates Lung Angiogenesis in Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:1042-1054. [PMID: 36480964 PMCID: PMC10112450 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202207-1332oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) is linked to heterozygous mutations in the FOXF1 (Forkhead Box F1) gene, a key transcriptional regulator of pulmonary vascular development. There are no effective treatments for ACDMPV other than lung transplant, and new pharmacological agents activating FOXF1 signaling are urgently needed. Objectives: Identify-small molecule compounds that stimulate FOXF1 signaling. Methods: We used mass spectrometry, immunoprecipitation, and the in vitro ubiquitination assay to identify TanFe (transcellular activator of nuclear FOXF1 expression), a small-molecule compound from the nitrile group, which stabilizes the FOXF1 protein in the cell. The efficacy of TanFe was tested in mouse models of ACDMPV and acute lung injury and in human vascular organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of a patient with ACDMPV. Measurements and Main Results: We identified HECTD1 as an E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in ubiquitination and degradation of the FOXF1 protein. The TanFe compound disrupted FOXF1-HECTD1 protein-protein interactions and decreased ubiquitination of the FOXF1 protein in pulmonary endothelial cells in vitro. TanFe increased protein concentrations of FOXF1 and its target genes Flk1, Flt1, and Cdh5 in LPS-injured mouse lungs, decreasing endothelial permeability and inhibiting lung inflammation. Treatment of pregnant mice with TanFe increased FOXF1 protein concentrations in lungs of Foxf1+/- embryos, stimulated neonatal lung angiogenesis, and completely prevented the mortality of Foxf1+/- mice after birth. TanFe increased angiogenesis in human vascular organoids derived from induced pluripotent stem cells of a patient with ACDMPV with FOXF1 deletion. Conclusions: TanFe is a novel activator of FOXF1, providing a new therapeutic candidate for treatment of ACDMPV and other neonatal pulmonary vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicole M. Pek
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine
| | | | - Andrea B. Alber
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R. Kalin
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Jennifer A. Wambach
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine and St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mingxia Gu
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Assem G. Ziady
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, and
| | | | - Vladimir V. Kalinichenko
- Center for Lung Regenerative Medicine
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology
- Center for Stem Cells and Organoid Medicine
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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9
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β-Adrenoceptor Blockade Moderates Neuroinflammation in Male and Female EAE Rats and Abrogates Sexual Dimorphisms in the Major Neuroinflammatory Pathways by Being More Efficient in Males. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1237-1265. [PMID: 35798933 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in male compared with female adult rats, and moderating effect of propranolol-induced β-adrenoceptor blockade on EAE in females, the effect associated with transcriptional stimulation of Nrf2/HO-1 axis in spinal cord microglia. This study examined putative sexual dimorphism in propranolol action on EAE severity. Propranolol treatment beginning from the onset of clinical EAE mitigated EAE severity in rats of both sexes, but to a greater extent in males exhibiting higher noradrenaline levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor expression in spinal cord. This correlated with more prominent stimulatory effects of propranolol not only on CX3CL1/CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 cascade, but also on Stat3/Socs3 signaling axis in spinal cord microglia/myeloid cells (mirrored in the decreased Stat3 and the increased Socs3 expression) from male rats compared with their female counterparts. Propranolol diminished the frequency of activated cells among microglia, increased their phagocyting/endocyting capacity, and shifted cytokine secretory profile of microglia/blood-borne myeloid cells towards an anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype. Additionally, it downregulated the expression of chemokines (CCL2, CCL19/21) driving T-cell/monocyte trafficking into spinal cord. Consequently, in propranolol-treated rats fewer activated CD4+ T cells and IL-17+ T cells, including CD4+IL17+ cells coexpressing IFN-γ/GM-CSF, were recovered from spinal cord of propranolol-treated rats compared with sex-matched saline-injected controls. All the effects of propranolol were more prominent in males. The study as a whole disclosed that sexual dimorphism in multiple molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE development may be responsible for greater severity of EAE in male rats and sexually dimorphic action of substances affecting them. Propranolol moderated EAE severity more effectively in male rats, exhibiting greater spinal cord noradrenaline (NA) levels and myeloid cell β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) expression than females. Propranolol affected CX3CR1/Nrf2/HO-1 and Stat3/Socs3 signaling axes in myeloid cells, favored their anti-inflammatory/neuroprotective phenotype and, consequently, reduced Th cell reactivation and differentiation into highly pathogenic IL-17/IFN-γ/GM-CSF-producing cells.
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10
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Holman J, Hurd M, Moses PL, Mawe GM, Zhang T, Ishaq SL, Li Y. Interplay of broccoli/broccoli sprout bioactives with gut microbiota in reducing inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 113:109238. [PMID: 36442719 PMCID: PMC9974906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic, reoccurring, and debilitating conditions characterized by inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, some of which can lead to more systemic complications and can include autoimmune dysfunction, a change in the taxonomic and functional structure of microbial communities in the gut, and complicated burdens in a person's daily life. Like many diseases based in chronic inflammation, research on IBD has pointed towards a multifactorial origin involving factors of the person's lifestyle, immune system, associated microbial communities, and environmental conditions. Treatment currently exists only as palliative care, and seeks to disrupt the feedback loop of symptoms by reducing inflammation and allowing as much of a return to homeostasis as possible. Various anti-inflammatory options have been explored, and this review focuses on the use of diet as an alternative means of improving gut health. Specifically, we highlight the connection between the role of sulforaphane from cruciferous vegetables in regulating inflammation and in modifying microbial communities, and to break down the role they play in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Holman
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Molly Hurd
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Peter L Moses
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Finch Therapeutics, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, SUNY Binghamton University, Johnson City, New York, USA
| | - Suzanne L Ishaq
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA.
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11
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Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Scholze A. Nrf2 Activation in Chronic Kidney Disease: Promises and Pitfalls. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061112. [PMID: 35740009 PMCID: PMC9220138 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects the cell against oxidative damage. The Nrf2 system comprises a complex network that functions to ensure adequate responses to redox perturbations, but also metabolic demands and cellular stresses. It must be kept within a physiologic activity range. Oxidative stress and alterations in Nrf2-system activity are central for chronic-kidney-disease (CKD) progression and CKD-related morbidity. Activation of the Nrf2 system in CKD is in multiple ways related to inflammation, kidney fibrosis, and mitochondrial and metabolic effects. In human CKD, both endogenous Nrf2 activation and repression exist. The state of the Nrf2 system varies with the cause of kidney disease, comorbidities, stage of CKD, and severity of uremic toxin accumulation and inflammation. An earlier CKD stage, rapid progression of kidney disease, and inflammatory processes are associated with more robust Nrf2-system activation. Advanced CKD is associated with stronger Nrf2-system repression. Nrf2 activation is related to oxidative stress and moderate uremic toxin and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) elevations. Nrf2 repression relates to high uremic toxin and NF-κB concentrations, and may be related to Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-independent Nrf2 degradation. Furthermore, we review the effects of pharmacological Nrf2 activation by bardoxolone methyl, curcumin, and resveratrol in human CKD and outline strategies for how to adapt future Nrf2-targeted therapies to the requirements of patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratory F-315, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (A.K.A.-R.); (A.C.-G.); (J.P.-C.)
| | - Alexandra Scholze
- Department of Nephrology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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12
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Bhattacharya R, Blankenheim Z, Scott PM, Cormier RT. CFTR and Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Update. J Pers Med 2022; 12:868. [PMID: 35743652 PMCID: PMC9224611 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that severely affects the lungs as well as extra-pulmonary tissues, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CFTR dysfunction resulting from either mutations or the downregulation of its expression has been shown to promote carcinogenesis. An example is the enhanced risk for several types of cancer in patients with CF, especially cancers of the GI tract. CFTR also acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse sporadic epithelial cancers in many tissues, primarily due to the silencing of CFTR expression via multiple mechanisms, but especially due to epigenetic regulation. This review provides an update on the latest research linking CFTR-deficiency to GI cancers, in both CF patients and in sporadic GI cancers, with a particular focus on cancer of the intestinal tract. It will discuss changes in the tissue landscape linked to CFTR-deficiency that may promote cancer development such as breakdowns in physical barriers, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. It will also discuss molecular pathways and mechanisms that act upstream to modulate CFTR expression, such as by epigenetic silencing, as well as molecular pathways that act downstream of CFTR-deficiency, such as the dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, it will discuss the emerging CFTR modulator drugs that have shown promising results in improving CFTR function in CF patients. The potential impact of these modulator drugs on the treatment and prevention of GI cancers can provide a new example of personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia M. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
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13
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Aparicio-Trejo OE, Aranda-Rivera AK, Osorio-Alonso H, Martínez-Klimova E, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Tapia E. Extracellular Vesicles in Redox Signaling and Metabolic Regulation in Chronic Kidney Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020356. [PMID: 35204238 PMCID: PMC8868440 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a world health problem increasing dramatically. The onset of CKD is driven by several mechanisms; among them, metabolic reprogramming and changes in redox signaling play critical roles in the advancement of inflammation and the subsequent fibrosis, common pathologies observed in all forms of CKD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane packages strongly associated with cell-cell communication since they transfer several biomolecules that serve as mediators in redox signaling and metabolic reprogramming in the recipient cells. Recent studies suggest that EVs, especially exosomes, the smallest subtype of EVs, play a fundamental role in spreading renal injury in CKD. Therefore, this review summarizes the current information about EVs and their cargos’ participation in metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial impairment in CKD and their role in redox signaling changes. Finally, we analyze the effects of these EV-induced changes in the amplification of inflammatory and fibrotic processes in the progression of CKD. Furthermore, the data suggest that the identification of the signaling pathways involved in the release of EVs and their cargo under pathological renal conditions can allow the identification of new possible targets of injury spread, with the goal of preventing CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Horacio Osorio-Alonso
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Laboratorio F-315, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edilia Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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14
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CX3CR1 Engagement by Respiratory Syncytial Virus Leads to Induction of Nucleolin and Dysregulation of Cilia-related Genes. J Virol 2021; 95:JVI.00095-21. [PMID: 33731455 PMCID: PMC8139714 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00095-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) contains a conserved CX3C motif on the ectodomain of the G-protein. The motif has been indicated as facilitating attachment of the virus to the host initiating infection via the human CX3CR1 receptor. The natural CX3CR1 ligand, CX3CL1, has been shown to induce signaling pathways resulting in transcriptional changes in the host cells. We hypothesize that binding of RSV to CX3CR1 via CX3C leads to transcriptional changes in host epithelial cells. Using transcriptomic analysis, the effect of CX3CR1 engagement by RSV was investigated. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were infected with RSV virus containing either wildtype G-protein, or a mutant virus containing a CX4C mutation in the G-protein. RNA sequencing was performed on mock and 4-days-post-infected cultures. NHBE cultures were also treated with purified recombinant wild-type A2 G-protein. Here we report that RSV infection resulted in significant changes in the levels 766 transcripts. Many nuclear associated proteins were upregulated in the WT group, including nucleolin. Alternatively, cilia-associated genes, including CC2D2A and CFAP221 (PCDP1), were downregulated. The addition of recombinant G-protein to the culture lead to the suppression of cilia-related genes while also inducing nucleolin. Mutation of the CX3C motif (CX4C) reversed these effects on transcription decreasing nucleolin induction and lessening the suppression of cilia-related transcripts in culture. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated decreases in in ciliated cells and altered morphology. Therefore, it appears that engagement of CX3CR1 leads to induction of genes necessary for RSV entry as well as dysregulation of genes associated with cilia function.ImportanceRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) has an enormous impact on infants and the elderly including increased fatality rates and potential for causing lifelong lung problems. Humans become infected with RSV through the inhalation of viral particles exhaled from an infected individual. These virus particles contain specific proteins that the virus uses to attach to human ciliated lung epithelial cells, initiating infection. Two viral proteins, G-protein and F-protein, have been shown to bind to human CX3CR1and nucleolin, respectively. Here we show that the G-protein induces nucleolin and suppresses gene transcripts specific to ciliated cells. Furthermore, we show that mutation of the CX3C-motif on the G-protein, CX4C, reverses these transcriptional changes.
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15
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Zhang XB, Chen XY, Sun P, Su XM, Zeng HQ, Zeng YM, Wang M, Luo X. Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Attenuates Tumor Oxidative Stress and Promotes Apoptosis in an Intermittent Hypoxia Mouse Model. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 19:1533033820928073. [PMID: 32431212 PMCID: PMC7249596 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820928073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Intermittent hypoxia, a significant feature of obstructive sleep apnea, has pro-tumorigenic effects. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate on oxidative stress and apoptosis in a mouse model of Lewis lung carcinoma with intermittent hypoxia. Methods: Mice were randomly assigned to normoxia (control), normoxia plus sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (control + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate), intermittent hypoxia, and intermittent hypoxia + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate groups. Intermittent hypoxia administration lasted 5 weeks in the intermittent hypoxia groups. Lewis lung carcinoma cells were injected into the right flank of each mouse after 1 week of intermittent hypoxia exposure. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate was injected intraperitoneally in the control + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate and intermittent hypoxia + sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate groups. Tumor oxidative stress was evaluated by detection of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. The apoptosis of tumor cells was evaluated by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assay as well as by Western blot analysis of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase-3 expression. Additionally, the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and nuclear factor kappa B was also evaluated by Western blot. Results: Compared with the control group, the intermittent hypoxia treatment significantly increased Lewis lung carcinoma tumor growth and oxidative stress (serum malondialdehyde) but decreased serum levels of SOD and pro-apoptotic markers (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, and cleaved caspase-3). These changes were significantly attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. Lower nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and higher nuclear factor kappa B levels in the intermittent hypoxia group were clearly reversed by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate treatment. In addition, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate administration decreased the high expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α induced by intermittent hypoxia. Conclusion: Intermittent hypoxia treatment resulted in high oxidative stress and low apoptosis in Lewis lung carcinoma–implanted mice, which could be attenuated by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate administration possibly through a mechanism mediated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bin Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Center of Respiratory Medicine of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Su
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qing Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Zeng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Second Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Center of Respiratory Medicine of Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongbiao Luo
- Department of Computer Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, People's Republic of China
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16
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An Overview of Nrf2 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Inflammation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225474. [PMID: 33238435 PMCID: PMC7700122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key driver in many pathological conditions such as allergy, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and many others, and the current state of available drugs prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic targets. In this context, accumulating evidence indicates that the transcription factor Nrf2 plays a pivotal role controlling the expression of antioxidant genes that ultimately exert anti-inflammatory functions. Nrf2 and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH- associated protein 1 (Keap1), play a central role in the maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis and regulation of inflammation. Interestingly, Nrf2 is proved to contribute to the regulation of the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) axis, which is a potent anti-inflammatory target. Recent studies showed a connection between the Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE) system and the expression of inflammatory mediators, NF-κB pathway and macrophage metabolism. This suggests a new strategy for designing chemical agents as modulators of Nrf2 dependent pathways to target the immune response. Therefore, the present review will examine the relationship between Nrf2 signaling and the inflammation as well as possible approaches for the therapeutic modulation of this pathway.
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17
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Yardım A, Kucukler S, Özdemir S, Çomaklı S, Caglayan C, Kandemir FM, Çelik H. Silymarin alleviates docetaxel-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in rats. Gene 2020; 769:145239. [PMID: 33069805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of various malignancies but is often associated with central and peripheral neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of silymarin (SLM) against DTX-induced central and peripheral neurotoxicities in rats. Rats received 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight SLM orally for seven consecutive days after receiving a single injection of 30 mg/kg body weight DTX on the first day. SLM significantly decreased brain lipid peroxidation level and ameliorated brain glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in DTX-administered rats. SLM attenuated levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and activity of p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38α MAPK) whereas caused an increase in levels of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the brain and sciatic nerve of DTX-induced rats. In addition, SLM improved the histological structure of the brain and sciatic nerve tissues and decreased the expression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the sciatic nerve whereas increased cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) expression in the brain induced by DTX. Additionally, SLM markedly up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) in the brain and sciatic nerve tissues of DTX-induced rats. Our results show that SLM can protect DTX-induced brain and sciatic nerve injuries by enhancing the antioxidant defense system and suppressing apoptosis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yardım
- Department of Neurosurgery, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Özdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Çomaklı
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Caglayan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingol University, 12000 Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Hamit Çelik
- Department of Neurology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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18
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Gopallawa I, Lee RJ. Targeting the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway in airway innate immunity. World J Biol Chem 2020; 11:30-51. [PMID: 33024516 PMCID: PMC7520643 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v11.i2.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The airway innate immune system maintains the first line of defense against respiratory infections. The airway epithelium and associated immune cells protect the respiratory system from inhaled foreign organisms. These cells sense pathogens via activation of receptors like toll-like receptors and taste family 2 receptors (T2Rs) and respond by producing antimicrobials, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines. Coordinated regulation of fluid secretion and ciliary beating facilitates clearance of pathogens via mucociliary transport. Airway cells also secrete antimicrobial peptides and radicals to directly kill microorganisms and inactivate viruses. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (Akt) kinase pathway regulates multiple cellular targets that modulate cell survival and proliferation. Akt also regulates proteins involved in innate immune pathways. Akt phosphorylates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) enzymes expressed in airway epithelial cells. Activation of eNOS can have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral roles. Moreover, Akt can increase the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 that protects cells from oxidative stress and may limit inflammation. In this review, we summarize the recent findings of non-cancerous functions of Akt signaling in airway innate host defense mechanisms, including an overview of several known downstream targets of Akt involved in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indiwari Gopallawa
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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19
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Di Pietro C, Öz HH, Murray TS, Bruscia EM. Targeting the Heme Oxygenase 1/Carbon Monoxide Pathway to Resolve Lung Hyper-Inflammation and Restore a Regulated Immune Response in Cystic Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1059. [PMID: 32760278 PMCID: PMC7372134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), lung hyper-inflammation starts early in life and is perpetuated by mucus obstruction and persistent bacterial infections. The continuous tissue damage and scarring caused by non-resolving inflammation leads to bronchiectasis and, ultimately, respiratory failure. Macrophages (MΦs) are key regulators of immune response and host defense. We and others have shown that, in CF, MΦs are hyper-inflammatory and exhibit reduced bactericidal activity. Thus, MΦs contribute to the inability of CF lung tissues to control the inflammatory response or restore tissue homeostasis. The non-resolving hyper-inflammation in CF lungs is attributed to an impairment of several signaling pathways associated with resolution of the inflammatory response, including the heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide (HO-1/CO) pathway. HO-1 is an enzyme that degrades heme groups, leading to the production of potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and bactericidal mediators, such as biliverdin, bilirubin, and CO. This pathway is fundamental to re-establishing cellular homeostasis in response to various insults, such as oxidative stress and infection. Monocytes/MΦs rely on abundant induction of the HO-1/CO pathway for a controlled immune response and for potent bactericidal activity. Here, we discuss studies showing that blunted HO-1 activation in CF-affected cells contributes to hyper-inflammation and defective host defense against bacteria. We dissect potential cellular mechanisms that may lead to decreased HO-1 induction in CF cells. We review literature suggesting that induction of HO-1 may be beneficial for the treatment of CF lung disease. Finally, we discuss recent studies highlighting how endogenous HO-1 can be induced by administration of controlled doses of CO to reduce lung hyper-inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial infection, and dysfunctional ion transport, which are all hallmarks of CF lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela M. Bruscia
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Sanders O, Rajagopal L. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials and Epidemiology with a Mechanistic Rationale. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2020; 4:185-215. [PMID: 32715279 PMCID: PMC7369141 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies, clinical trials, and reviews suggest increasing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with phosphodiesterase inhibitors is disease-modifying in Alzheimer's disease (AD). cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) and cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling are disrupted in AD. cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). CREB binds mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, inducing synaptogenesis, memory, and neuronal survival gene (e.g., brain-derived neurotrophic factor) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC1α). cAMP/PKA and cGMP/PKG activate Sirtuin-1, which activates PGC1α. PGC1α induces mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant genes (e.g.,Nrf2) and represses BACE1. cAMP and cGMP inhibit BACE1-inducing NFκB and tau-phosphorylating GSK3β. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS We review efficacy-testing clinical trials, epidemiology, and meta-analyses to critically investigate whether phosphodiesteraseinhibitors prevent or treat AD. RESULTS Caffeine and cilostazol may lower AD risk. Denbufylline and sildenafil clinical trials are promising but preliminary and inconclusive. PF-04447943 and BI 409,306 are ineffective. Vinpocetine, cilostazol, and nicergoline trials are mixed. Deprenyl/selegiline trials show only short-term benefits. Broad-spectrum phosphodiesterase inhibitor propentofylline has been shown in five phase III trials to improve cognition, dementia severity, activities of daily living, and global assessment in mild-to-moderate AD patients on multiple scales, including the ADAS-Cogand the CIBIC-Plus in an 18-month phase III clinical trial. However, two books claimed based on a MedScape article an 18-month phase III trial failed, so propentofylline was discontinued. Now, propentofylline is used to treat canine cognitive dysfunction, which, like AD, involves age-associated wild-type Aβ deposition. CONCLUSION Phosphodiesterase inhibitors may prevent and treat AD.
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Kang Y, Zhang G, Huang EC, Huang J, Cai J, Cai L, Wang S, Keller BB. Sulforaphane prevents right ventricular injury and reduces pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H853-H866. [PMID: 32108526 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00321.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is the main determinant of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and while inflammation is pathogenic in PAH, there is limited information on the role of RV inflammation in PAH. Sulforaphane (SFN), a potent Nrf2 activator, has significant anti-inflammatory effects and facilitates cardiac protection in preclinical diabetic models. Therefore, we hypothesized that SFN might play a comparable role in reducing RV and pulmonary inflammation and injury in a murine PAH model. We induced PAH using SU5416 and 10% hypoxia (SuHx) for 4 wk in male mice randomized to SFN at a daily dose of 0.5 mg/kg 5 days per week for 4 wk or to vehicle control. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to characterize chamber-specific ventricular function during PAH induction. At 4 wk, we measured RV pressure and relevant measures of histology and protein and gene expression. SuHx induced progressive RV, but not LV, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, and RV and pulmonary remodeling, fibrosis, and inflammation. SFN prevented SuHx-induced RV dysfunction and remodeling, reduced RV inflammation and fibrosis, upregulated Nrf2 expression and its downstream gene NQO1, and reduced the inflammatory mediator leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3). SFN also reduced SuHx-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, inflammation, and fibrosis. SFN alone had no effect on the heart or lungs. Thus, SuHx-induced RV and pulmonary dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis can be attenuated or prevented by SFN, supporting the rationale for further studies to investigate SFN and the role of Nrf2 and NLRP3 pathways in preclinical and clinical PAH studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in this murine model (SU5416 + hypoxia) is associated with early changes in right ventricular (RV) diastolic and systolic function. RV and lung injury in the SU5416 + hypoxia model are associated with markers for fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Sulforaphane (SFN) alone for 4 wk has no effect on the murine heart or lungs. Sulforaphane (SFN) attenuates or prevents the RV and lung injury in the SUF5416 + hypoxia model of PAH, suggesting that Nrf2 may be a candidate target for strategies to prevent or reverse PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Kang
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Guangyan Zhang
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Emma C Huang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Department of Anesthesiology, Jewish Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jun Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sheng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bradley B Keller
- Kosair Charities Pediatric Heart Research Program, Cardiovascular Innovation Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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Carlson J, Price L, Deng H. Nrf2 and the Nrf2-Interacting Network in Respiratory Inflammation and Diseases. NRF2 AND ITS MODULATION IN INFLAMMATION 2020. [PMCID: PMC7241096 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-44599-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants and cigarette smoke influence the human respiratory system and induce airway inflammation, injury, and pathogenesis. Activation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) transcription factor and downstream antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcriptions play a central role in protecting respiratory cells against reactive oxidative species (ROS) that are induced by airway toxins and inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that Nrf2 can also target and activate many genes involved in developmental programs such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, and metabolism. Nrf2 is closely regulated by the interaction with kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), while also directly interacts with a number of other proteins, including inflammatory factors, transcription factors, autophagy mediators, kinases, epigenetic modifiers, etc. It is believed that the multiple target genes and the complicated interacting network of Nrf2 account for the roles of Nrf2 in physiologies and pathogeneses. This chapter summarizes the molecular functions and protein interactions of Nrf2, as well as the roles of Nrf2 and the Nrf2-interacting network in respiratory inflammation and diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis (PF), cystic fibrosis (CF), viral/bacterial infections, and lung cancers. Therapeutic applications that target Nrf2 and its interacting proteins in respiratory diseases are also reviewed.
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Zhang P, Mak JC, Man RY, Leung SW. Flavonoids reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced release of inflammatory mediators in human bronchial epithelial cells: Structure-activity relationship. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172731. [PMID: 31610186 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are widely present in food and Chinese medicine. The aim of the present study was to identify the flavonoids with anti-inflammatory effects in the airway; and to determine the role of anti-oxidant and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in the anti-inflammatory effect. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were exposed to bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of different flavonoids, which are categorized according to their chemical structures in seven subclasses [anthocyanidins, chalcones, flavanes, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, isoflavones]. Among the 17 flavonoids tested, only apigenin (flavones), luteolin (flavones), daidzein (isoflavones) and genistein (isoflavones) reduced LPS-induced release of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in BEAS-2B cells. Quercetin caused further increase in LPS-induced IL-6 and IL-8 levels. It alone significantly increased nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 activity and the cellular oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) level in BEAS-2B cells. By contrast, apigenin and genistein reduced LPS-induced increases in nuclear NF-κB activity and MDA level. Apigenin and genistein, but not quercetin, increased the cAMP level in BEAS-2B cells, and the cell-permeable cAMP analogue, 8-Br-cAMP, inhibited LPS-induced increase of IL-8 level. These findings suggest that the presence of C5-OH, C7-OH, C2=C3 and C4=O functional groups in the flavonoids is associated with greater anti-inflammatory effect, while that of C3-OH or glycosylation group at the A-ring greatly decreased the anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of these flavonoids may be related to their anti-oxidant properties, and partly to their ability in increasing cAMP level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Judith Cw Mak
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Ricky Yk Man
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Susan Ws Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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24
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Ha B, Chirkova T, Boukhvalova MS, Sun HY, Walsh EE, Anderson CS, Mariani TJ, Anderson LJ. Mutation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus G Protein's CX3C Motif Attenuates Infection in Cotton Rats and Primary Human Airway Epithelial Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E69. [PMID: 31330970 PMCID: PMC6789749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being a high priority for vaccine development, no vaccine is yet available for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). A live virus vaccine is the primary type of vaccine being developed for young children. In this report, we describe our studies of infected cotton rats and primary human airway epithelial cells (pHAECs) using an RSV r19F with a mutation in the CX3C chemokine motif in the RSV G protein (CX4C). Through this CX3C motif, RSV binds to the corresponding chemokine receptor, CX3CR1, and this binding contributes to RSV infection of pHAECs and virus induced host responses that contribute to disease. In both the cotton rat and pHAECs, the CX4C mutation decreased virus replication and disease and/or host responses to infection. Thus, this mutation, or other mutations that block binding to CX3CR1, has the potential to improve a live attenuated RSV vaccine by attenuating both infection and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binh Ha
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tatiana Chirkova
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - He Ying Sun
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
| | - Christopher S Anderson
- Department of Neonatology, Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Department of Neonatology, Program in Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Borcherding DC, Siefert ME, Lin S, Brewington J, Sadek H, Clancy JP, Plafker SM, Ziady AG. Clinically-approved CFTR modulators rescue Nrf2 dysfunction in cystic fibrosis airway epithelia. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3448-3463. [PMID: 31145101 PMCID: PMC6668689 DOI: 10.1172/jci96273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ progressive genetic disease caused by loss of functional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel. Previously, we identified a significant dysfunction in CF cells and model mice of the transcription factor nuclear-factor-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a major regulator of redox balance and inflammatory signaling. Here we report that approved F508del CFTR correctors VX809/VX661 recover diminished Nrf2 function and colocalization with CFTR in CF human primary bronchial epithelia by proximity ligation assay, immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence, concordant with CFTR correction. F508del CFTR correctors induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2-dependent luciferase activity, and transcriptional activation of target genes. Rescue of Nrf2 function by VX809/VX661 was dependent on significant correction of F508del and was blocked by inhibition of corrected channel function, or high-level shRNA knockdown of CFTR or F508del-CFTR. Mechanistically, F508del-CFTR modulation restored Nrf2 phosphorylation and its interaction with the coactivator CBP. Our findings demonstrate that sufficient modulation of F508del CFTR function corrects Nrf2 dysfunction in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Borcherding
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew E. Siefert
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Songbai Lin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Brewington
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hesham Sadek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John P. Clancy
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott M. Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Assem G. Ziady
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Manda G, Hinescu ME, Neagoe IV, Ferreira LF, Boscencu R, Vasos P, Basaga SH, Cuadrado A. Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Oncologic Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5268-5295. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190122163832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background:Reactive oxygen species sustain tumorigenesis and cancer progression through deregulated redox signalling which also sensitizes cancer cells to therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising anti-cancer therapy based on a provoked singlet oxygen burst, exhibiting a better toxicological profile than chemo- and radiotherapy. Important gaps in the knowledge on underlining molecular mechanisms impede on its translation towards clinical applications.Aims and Methods:The main objective of this review is to critically analyse the knowledge lately gained on therapeutic targets related to redox and inflammatory networks underlining PDT and its outcome in terms of cell death and resistance to therapy. Emerging therapeutic targets and pharmaceutical tools will be documented based on the identified molecular background of PDT.Results:Cellular responses and molecular networks in cancer cells exposed to the PDT-triggered singlet oxygen burst and the associated stresses are analysed using a systems medicine approach, addressing both cell death and repair mechanisms. In the context of immunogenic cell death, therapeutic tools for boosting anti-tumor immunity will be outlined. Finally, the transcription factor NRF2, which is a major coordinator of cytoprotective responses, is presented as a promising pharmacologic target for developing co-therapies designed to increase PDT efficacy.Conclusion:There is an urgent need to perform in-depth molecular investigations in the field of PDT and to correlate them with clinical data through a systems medicine approach for highlighting the complex biological signature of PDT. This will definitely guide translation of PDT to clinic and the development of new therapeutic strategies aimed at improving PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luis F.V. Ferreira
- CQFM-Centro de Fisica Molecular and IN-Institute for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies and IBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul Vasos
- Research Centre of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Selma H. Basaga
- Molecular Biology Genetics & Program, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
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The Morphology and Assembly of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Revealed by Cryo-Electron Tomography. Viruses 2018; 10:v10080446. [PMID: 30127286 PMCID: PMC6116276 DOI: 10.3390/v10080446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children. With repeat infections throughout life, it can also cause substantial disease in the elderly and in adults with compromised cardiac, pulmonary and immune systems. RSV is a pleomorphic enveloped RNA virus in the Pneumoviridae family. Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) structure of purified RSV particles has been elucidated, revealing three distinct morphological categories: spherical, asymmetric, and filamentous. However, the native 3D structure of RSV particles associated with or released from infected cells has yet to be investigated. In this study, we have established an optimized system for studying RSV structure by imaging RSV-infected cells on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids by cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Our results demonstrate that RSV is filamentous across several virus strains and cell lines by cryo-ET, cryo-immuno EM, and thin section TEM techniques. The viral filament length varies from 0.5 to 12 μm and the average filament diameter is approximately 130 nm. Taking advantage of the whole cell tomography technique, we have resolved various stages of RSV assembly. Collectively, our results can facilitate the understanding of viral morphogenesis in RSV and other pleomorphic enveloped viruses.
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Wang Z, Han G, Liu Q, Zhang W, Wang J. Silencing of PYGB suppresses growth and promotes the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells via the NF‑κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3800-3808. [PMID: 30106110 PMCID: PMC6131497 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain‑type glycogen phosphorylase (PYGB) is an enzyme that metabolizes glycogen, whose function is to provide energy for an organism in an emergency state. The present study purposed to investigate the role and mechanism of PYGB silencing on the growth and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. A cell counting kit‑8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to determine the cell viability, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, respectively. Colorimetry was performed to analyze the activity of caspase‑3. Western blotting and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the associated mRNA and protein expression levels. The results revealed that PYGB was upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and was associated with disease progression. In addition, PYGB silencing suppressed the cell viability of PC3 cells. PYGB silencing promoted apoptosis of PC3 cells via the regulation of the expression levels of cleaved‑poly (adenosine diphosphate‑ribose) polymerase, cleaved‑caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein. PYGB silencing increased the ROS content in PC3 cells, and affected nuclear factor (NF)‑κB/nuclear factor‑erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways in PC3 cells. In conclusion, PYGB silencing suppressed the growth and promoted the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by affecting the NF‑κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway. The present study provided evidence that may lead to the development of a potential therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA 252 Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Qinghong Liu
- Department of Urology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- Department of Urology, East Hospital Affiliated to Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, P.R. China
| | - Jinshan Wang
- Department of Urology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200123, P.R. China
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CFTR Deletion Confers Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Disrupts Lipid Homeostasis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070836. [PMID: 29954133 PMCID: PMC6073936 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease in which the intestine exhibits oxidative and inflammatory markers. As mitochondria are the central source and the main target of reactive oxygen species, we hypothesized that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) defect leads to the disruption of cellular lipid homeostasis, which contributes to mitochondrial dysfunction. Methods. Mitochondrial functions and lipid metabolism were investigated in Caco-2/15 cells with CFTR knockout (CFTR-/-) engineered by the zinc finger nuclease technique. Experiments were performed under basal conditions and after the addition of the pro-oxidant iron-ascorbate (Fe/Asc) complex. Results. Mitochondria of intestinal cells with CFTR-/-, spontaneously showed an altered redox homeostasis characterised by a significant decrease in the expression of PPARα and nuclear factor like 2. Consistent with these observations, 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase, responsible for repair of ROS-induced DNA lesion, was weakly expressed in CFTR-/- cells. Moreover, disturbed fatty acid β-oxidation process was evidenced by the reduced expression of CPT1 and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase long-chain in CFTR-/- cells. The decline of mitochondrial cytochrome c and B-cell lymphoma 2 expression pointing to magnified apoptosis. Mitochondrial respiration was also affected as demonstrated by the low expression of respiratory oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and a high adenosine diphosphate/adenosine triphosphate ratio. In contrast, the FAS and ACC enzymes were markedly increased, thereby indicating lipogenesis stimulation. This was associated with an augmented secretion of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in CFTR-/- cells. The addition of Fe/Asc worsened while butylated hydroxy toluene partially improved these processes. Conclusions: CFTR silencing results in lipid homeostasis disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the marked abnormalities in response to CFTR deletion.
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Bodas M, Mazur S, Min T, Vij N. Inhibition of histone-deacetylase activity rescues inflammatory cystic fibrosis lung disease by modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Respir Res 2018; 19:2. [PMID: 29301535 PMCID: PMC5755330 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lung disease resulting from dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and NFκB-mediated neutrophilic-inflammation forms the basis of CF-related mortality. Here we aimed to evaluate if HDAC inhibition controls Pseudomonas-aeruginosa-lipopolysaccharide (Pa-LPS) induced airway inflammation and CF-lung disease. Methods For in vitro experiments, HEK293-cells were transfected with IL-8 or NFκB-firefly luciferase, and SV40-renilla- luciferase reporter constructs or ΔF508-CFTR-pCEP, followed by treatment with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), Trichostatin-A (TSA) and/or TNFα. For murine studies, Cftr+/+ or Cftr−/− mice (n = 3) were injected/instilled with Pa-LPS and/or treated with SAHA or vehicle control. The progression of lung disease was monitored by quantifying changes in inflammatory markers (NFκB), cytokines (IL-6/IL-10), neutrophil activity (MPO, myeloperoxidase and/or NIMP-R14) and T-reg numbers. Results SAHA treatment significantly (p < 0.05) suppresses TNFα-induced NFκB and IL-8 reporter activities in HEK293-cells. Moreover, SAHA, Tubacin (selective HDAC6-inhibitor) or HDAC6-shRNAs controls CSE-induced ER-stress activities (p < 0.05). In addition, SAHA restores trafficking of misfolded-ΔF508-CFTR, by inducing protein levels of both B and C forms of CFTR. Murine studies using Cftr+/+ or Cftr−/− mice verified that SAHA controls Pa-LPS induced IL-6 levels, and neutrophil (MPO levels and/or NIMP-R14), NFκB-(inflammation) and Nrf2 (oxidative-stress marker) activities, while promoting FoxP3+ T-reg activity. Conclusion In summary, SAHA-mediated HDAC inhibition modulates innate and adaptive immune responses involved in pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory CF-lung disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-017-0705-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Bodas
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, 2630 Denison Drive, Room# 120 (Office) & 126-127 (Lab), Mt Pleasant, MI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steven Mazur
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Taehong Min
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Genentech, 1 DNA Way, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Neeraj Vij
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, 2630 Denison Drive, Room# 120 (Office) & 126-127 (Lab), Mt Pleasant, MI, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,VIJ Biotech LLC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Miles FL, Navarro SL, Schwarz Y, Gu H, Djukovic D, Randolph TW, Shojaie A, Kratz M, Hullar MAJ, Lampe PD, Neuhouser ML, Raftery D, Lampe JW. Plasma metabolite abundances are associated with urinary enterolactone excretion in healthy participants on controlled diets. Food Funct 2017; 8:3209-3218. [PMID: 28808723 PMCID: PMC5607107 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00684e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Enterolignans, products of gut bacterial metabolism of plant lignans, have been associated with reduced risk of chronic diseases, but their association with other plasma metabolites is unknown. We examined plasma metabolite profiles according to urinary enterolignan excretion in a cross-sectional analysis using data from a randomized crossover, controlled feeding study. Eighty healthy adult males and females completed two 28-day feeding periods differing by glycemic load, refined carbohydrate, and fiber content. Lignan intake was calculated from food records using a polyphenol database. Targeted metabolomics was performed by LC-MS on plasma from fasting blood samples collected at the end of each feeding period. Enterolactone (ENL) and enterodiol, were measured in 24 h urine samples collected on the penultimate day of each study period using GC-MS. Linear mixed models were used to test the association between enterolignan excretion and metabolite abundances. Pathway analyses were conducted using the Global Test. Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple testing. Of the metabolites assayed, 121 were detected in all samples. ENL excretion was associated positively with plasma hippuric acid and melatonin, and inversely with epinephrine, creatine, glycochenodeoxycholate, and glyceraldehyde (P < 0.05). Hippuric acid only satisfied the FDR of q < 0.1. END excretion was associated with myristic acid and glycine (q < 0.5). Two of 57 pathways tested were associated significantly with ENL, ubiquinone and terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis, and inositol phosphate metabolism. These results suggest a potential role for ENL or ENL-metabolizing gut bacteria in regulating plasma metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayth L Miles
- Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Jung JS, Choi MJ, Lee YY, Moon BI, Park JS, Kim HS. Suppression of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation by Morin via MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PKA/HO-1 Signaling Pathway Modulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:373-382. [PMID: 28032996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Morin is a flavonoid isolated from certain fruits and Chinese herbs and is known to possess various medicinal properties. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of morin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that morin inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Furthermore, morin suppressed the microglial activation and cytokine expression in the brains of LPS-stimulated mice. Subsequent mechanistic studies revealed that morin inhibited the action of LPS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and activating protein-1 (AP-1). Further, the phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) was enhanced by morin. Moreover, morin suppressed the LPS-induced expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits, while it increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Therefore, our data suggest that morin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated microglia by downregulating MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways while upregulating protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Jung
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute , Gyeonggi-do 463-746, Republic of Korea
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Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Fucoxanthin via Inhibition of Akt/NF-κB and MAPKs/AP-1 Pathways and Activation of PKA/CREB Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:667-677. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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O'Mealey GB, Berry WL, Plafker SM. Sulforaphane is a Nrf2-independent inhibitor of mitochondrial fission. Redox Biol 2016; 11:103-110. [PMID: 27889639 PMCID: PMC5126150 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant system is a principal means by which cells respond to oxidative and xenobiotic stresses. Sulforaphane (SFN), an electrophilic isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, activates the KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and has become a molecule-of-interest in the treatment of diseases in which chronic oxidative stress plays a major etiological role. We demonstrate here that the mitochondria of cultured, human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE-1) cells treated with SFN undergo hyperfusion that is independent of both Nrf2 and its cytoplasmic inhibitor KEAP1. Mitochondrial fusion has been reported to be cytoprotective by inhibiting pore formation in mitochondria during apoptosis, and consistent with this, we show Nrf2-independent, cytoprotection of SFN-treated cells exposed to the apoptosis-inducer, staurosporine. Mechanistically, SFN mitigates the recruitment and/or retention of the soluble fission factor Drp1 to mitochondria and to peroxisomes but does not affect overall Drp1 abundance. These data demonstrate that the beneficial properties of SFN extend beyond activation of the KEAP1-Nrf2-ARE system and warrant further interrogation given the current use of this agent in multiple clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B O'Mealey
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - William L Berry
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Scott M Plafker
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
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Biomarkers for cystic fibrosis drug development. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:714-723. [PMID: 28215711 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a review of the status of biomarkers in cystic fibrosis drug development, including regulatory definitions and considerations, a summary of biomarkers in current use with supportive data, current gaps, and future needs. METHODS Biomarkers are considered across several areas of CF drug development, including cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulation, infection, and inflammation. RESULTS Sweat chloride, nasal potential difference, and intestinal current measurements have been standardized and examined in the context of multicenter trials to quantify CFTR function. Detection and quantification of pathogenic bacteria in CF respiratory cultures (e.g.: Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are commonly used in early phase antimicrobial clinical trials, and to monitor safety of therapeutic interventions. Sputum (e.g.: neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, calprotectin) and blood biomarkers (e.g.: C reactive protein, calprotectin, serum amyloid A) have had variable success in detecting response to inflammatory treatments. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers are used throughout the drug development process in CF, and many have been used in early phase clinical trials to provide proof of concept, detect drug bioactivity, and inform dosing for later-phase studies. Advances in the precision of current biomarkers, and the identification of new biomarkers with 'omics-based technologies, are needed to accelerate CF drug development.
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Zhou T, Zhang M, Zhao L, Li A, Qin X. Activation of Nrf2 contributes to the protective effect of Exendin-4 against angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell senescence. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C572-C582. [PMID: 27488664 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and impaired antioxidant defense are believed to be contributors to the cardiovascular aging process. The transcription factor nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays a key role in orchestrating cellular antioxidant defenses and maintaining redox homeostasis. Our previous study showed that Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, alleviates angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) senescence by inhibiting Rac1 activation via cAMP/PKA (Zhao L, Li AQ, Zhou TF, Zhang MQ, Qin XM. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 307: C1130-C1141, 2014). The objective of this study is to investigate if Nrf2 mediates the antisenescent effect of Exendin-4 in ANG II-induced VSMCs. Here we report that Exendin-4 triggered Nrf2 nuclear translocation, a downstream target of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and expressions of antioxidant genes heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, knock-down of Nrf2 attenuated the inhibitory effects of Exendin-4 on ANG II-induced superoxidant generation and VSMC senescence. PKA/CREB pathway participated in the upregulations of HO-1 and NQO-1 induced by Exendin-4. Notably, our study revealed that Exendin-4 dose-dependently increased the acetylation of Nrf2 and the recruitment of transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein (CBP) to Nrf2. The Exendin-4-induced Nrf2 transactivation was diminished in the presence of CBP small interfering RNA. Microscope imaging of Nrf2, as well as immunoblotting for Nrf2, showed that the Exendin-4-evoked Nrf2 acetylation favored its nuclear retention. Importantly, CBP silencing attenuated the suppressing effects of Exendin-4 on ANG II-induced VSMC senescence and superoxidant production. In conclusion, these results provide a mechanistic insight into how Nrf2 signaling mediates the antisenescent and antioxidative effects induced by Exendin-4 in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqian Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Qin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science of Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 88:314-336. [PMID: 26066302 PMCID: PMC4628850 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing oxidative stress, a major characteristic of aging, has been implicated in a variety of age-related pathologies. In aging, oxidant production from several sources is increased, whereas antioxidant enzymes, the primary lines of defense, are decreased. Repair systems, including the proteasomal degradation of damaged proteins, also decline. Importantly, the adaptive response to oxidative stress declines with aging. Nrf2/EpRE signaling regulates the basal and inducible expression of many antioxidant enzymes and the proteasome. Nrf2/EpRE activity is regulated at several levels, including transcription, posttranslation, and interactions with other proteins. This review summarizes current studies on age-related impairment of Nrf2/EpRE function and discusses the changes in Nrf2 regulatory mechanisms with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; School of Natural Science, University of California at Merced, Merced, CA 95344, USA.
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38
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Nichols DP, Chmiel JF. Inflammation and its genesis in cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50 Suppl 40:S39-56. [PMID: 26335954 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The host inflammatory response in cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease has long been recognized as a central pathological feature and an important therapeutic target. Indeed, many believe that bronchiectasis results largely from the oxidative and proteolytic damage comprised within an exuberant airway inflammatory response that is dominated by neutrophils. In this review, we address the longstanding argument of whether or not the inflammatory response is directly attributable to impairment of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator or only secondary to airway obstruction and chronic bacterial infection and challenge the importance of this distinction in the context of therapy. We also review the centrality of neutrophils in CF lung pathophysiology and highlight more recent data that suggest the importance of other cell types and signaling beyond NF-κB activation. We discuss how protease and redox imbalance are critical factors in CF airway inflammation and end by reviewing some of the more promising therapeutic approaches now under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado.,National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - James F Chmiel
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio
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Chirkova T, Lin S, Oomens AGP, Gaston KA, Boyoglu-Barnum S, Meng J, Stobart CC, Cotton CU, Hartert TV, Moore ML, Ziady AG, Anderson LJ. CX3CR1 is an important surface molecule for respiratory syncytial virus infection in human airway epithelial cells. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:2543-2556. [PMID: 26297201 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of severe pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children, and causes disease throughout life. Understanding the biology of infection, including virus binding to the cell surface, should help develop antiviral drugs or vaccines. The RSV F and G glycoproteins bind cell surface heparin sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) through heparin-binding domains. The G protein also has a CX3C chemokine motif which binds to the fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. G protein binding to CX3CR1 is not important for infection of immortalized cell lines, but reportedly is so for primary human airway epithelial cells (HAECs), the primary site for human infection. We studied the role of CX3CR1 in RSV infection with CX3CR1-transfected cell lines and HAECs with variable percentages of CX3CR1-expressing cells, and the effect of anti-CX3CR1 antibodies or a mutation in the RSV CX3C motif. Immortalized cells lacking HSPGs had low RSV binding and infection, which was increased markedly by CX3CR1 transfection. CX3CR1 was expressed primarily on ciliated cells, and ∼50 % of RSV-infected cells in HAECs were CX3CR1+. HAECs with more CX3CR1-expressing cells had a proportional increase in RSV infection. Blocking G binding to CX3CR1 with anti-CX3CR1 antibody or a mutation in the CX3C motif significantly decreased RSV infection in HAECs. The kinetics of cytokine production suggested that the RSV/CX3CR1 interaction induced RANTES (regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted protein), IL-8 and fractalkine production, whilst it downregulated IL-15, IL1-RA and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Thus, the RSV G protein/CX3CR1 interaction is likely important in infection and infection-induced responses of the airway epithelium, the primary site of human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Chirkova
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Songbai Lin
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Antonius G P Oomens
- Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Kelsey A Gaston
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher C Stobart
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Calvin U Cotton
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Case Western University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tina V Hartert
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Vanderbilt Center for Asthma and Environmental Health Sciences Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Martin L Moore
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Assem G Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Larry J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Matching Diabetes and Alcoholism: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurogenesis Are Commonly Involved. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:624287. [PMID: 26063976 PMCID: PMC4439509 DOI: 10.1155/2015/624287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and alcohol misuse are two of the major challenges in health systems worldwide. These two diseases finally affect several organs and systems including the central nervous system. Hippocampus is one of the most relevant structures due to neurogenesis and memory-related processing among other functions. The present review focuses on the common profile of diabetes and ethanol exposure in terms of oxidative stress and proinflammatory and prosurvival recruiting transcription factors affecting hippocampal neurogenesis. Some aspects around antioxidant strategies are also included. As a global conclusion, the present review points out some common hits on both diseases giving support to the relations between alcohol intake and diabetes.
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Sinha C, Ren A, Arora K, Moon CS, Yarlagadda S, Woodrooffe K, Lin S, Schuetz JD, Ziady AG, Naren AP. PKA and actin play critical roles as downstream effectors in MRP4-mediated regulation of fibroblast migration. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1345-55. [PMID: 25841995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), a member of the ATP binding cassette transporter family, functions as a plasma membrane exporter of cyclic nucleotides. Recently, we demonstrated that fibroblasts lacking the Mrp4 gene migrate faster and contain higher cyclic-nucleotide levels. Here, we show that cAMP accumulation and protein kinase A (PKA) activity are higher and polarized in Mrp4(-/-) fibroblasts, versus Mrp4(+/+) cells. MRP4-containing macromolecular complexes isolated from these fibroblasts contained several proteins, including actin, which play important roles in cell migration. We found that actin interacts with MRP4, predominantly at the plasma membrane, and an intact actin cytoskeleton is required to restrict MRP4 to specific microdomains of the plasma membrane. Our data further indicated that the enhanced accumulation of cAMP in Mrp4(-/-) fibroblasts facilitates cortical actin polymerization in a PKA-dependent manner at the leading edge, which in turn increases the overall rate of cell migration to accelerate the process of wound healing. Disruption of actin polymerization or inhibition of PKA activity abolished the effect of MRP4 on cell migration. Together, our findings suggest a novel cAMP-dependent mechanism for MRP4-mediated regulation of fibroblast migration whereby PKA and actin play critical roles as downstream effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrima Sinha
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Aixia Ren
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Kavisha Arora
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Chang Suk Moon
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sunitha Yarlagadda
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Koryse Woodrooffe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Songbai Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John D Schuetz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Assem G Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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PARK SUNYOUNG, JUNG WONJUNG, KANG JUMSOON, KIM CHEOLMIN, PARK GEUNTAE, CHOI YOUNGWHAN. Neuroprotective effects of α-iso-cubebene against glutamate-induced damage in the HT22 hippocampal neuronal cell line. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:525-32. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Abstract
CFTR is a cAMP-activated chloride and bicarbonate channel that is critical for lung homeostasis. Decreases in CFTR expression have dire consequences in cystic fibrosis (CF) and have been suggested to be a component of the lung pathology in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Decreases or loss of channel function often lead to mucus stasis, chronic bacterial infections, and the accompanying chronic inflammatory responses that promote progressive lung destruction, and, eventually in CF, lung failure. Here we discuss CFTR's functional role airway surface liquid hydration and pH, in regulation of other channels such as the epithelial sodium channel, and in regulating inflammatory responses in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Center, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Plafker KS, Plafker SM. The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2E3 and its import receptor importin-11 regulate the localization and activity of the antioxidant transcription factor NRF2. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 26:327-38. [PMID: 25378586 PMCID: PMC4294679 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-06-1057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor (Nrf2) induces the expression of cytoprotective proteins that maintain and restore redox homeostasis. Nrf2 levels and activity are tightly regulated, and three subcellular populations of the transcription factor have been identified. During homeostasis, the majority of Nrf2 is degraded in the cytoplasm by ubiquitin (Ub)-mediated degradation. A second population is transcriptionally active in the nucleus, and a third population localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane. Still unresolved are the mechanisms and factors that govern Nrf2 distribution between its subcellular locales. We show here that the Ub-conjugating enzyme UBE2E3 and its nuclear import receptor importin 11 (Imp-11) regulate Nrf2 distribution and activity. Knockdown of UBE2E3 reduces nuclear Nrf2, decreases Nrf2 target gene expression, and relocalizes the transcription factor to a perinuclear cluster of mitochondria. In a complementary manner, Imp-11 functions to restrict KEAP1, the major suppressor of Nrf2, from prematurely extracting the transcription factor off of a subset of target gene promoters. These findings identify a novel pathway of Nrf2 modulation during homeostasis and support a model in which UBE2E3 and Imp-11 promote Nrf2 transcriptional activity by restricting the transcription factor from partitioning to the mitochondria and limiting the repressive activity of nuclear KEAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra S Plafker
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Scott M Plafker
- Free Radical Biology and Aging Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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Chu M, Ji X, Chen W, Zhang R, Sun C, Wang T, Luo C, Gong J, Zhu M, Fan J, Hou Z, Dai J, Jin G, Wu T, Chen F, Hu Z, Ni C, Shen H. A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci of silica-related pneumoconiosis in Han Chinese. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6385-94. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Cheng Y, Doane TL, Chuang CH, Ziady A, Burda C. Near infrared light-triggered drug generation and release from gold nanoparticle carriers for photodynamic therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1799-804. [PMID: 24515950 PMCID: PMC4013205 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A photoprecursor Pc 227 is covalently bound onto gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to produce the known photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug Pc 4 upon 660 nm photoirradiation. The photochemical formation of the photoproduct Pc 4 is identified by spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry and its PDT efficacy is equal to Pc 4 when administered non-covalently by Au NPs, with the added benefit of improved covalent delivery and targeted NIR-triggered release from the covalent Pc 227-Au NP conjugate, while during transport the attached Pc 227 is quenched by the Au NP and PDT inactivated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Tennyson L. Doane
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland , Ohio
| | - Chi-Hung Chuang
- Department of Chemistry Case Western Reserve University Cleveland , Ohio
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Ziady AG, Hansen J. Redox balance in cystic fibrosis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 52:113-23. [PMID: 24657650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The homeostatic balance between oxidants and antioxidants in biological systems is known as redox balance, and is regulated by complex processes. Redox balance regulates many of the known cellular pathways and disease processes. The dysregulation of redox balance can lead to acute or long-term oxidative or reductive stresses that are associated with many of the abnormalities observed in cystic fibrosis (CF). Over the past 5 decades researchers have examined contributors to redox dysregulation, their molecular products, and their impact on ion transport, cell proliferation, inflammation, bacterial killing, and the metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids in CF. CF patients exhibit elevated markers of oxidative stress when compared to non-CF healthy controls; however, whether the reported redox imbalance is sufficient to produce pathology has been controversial. In addition, comparisons between CF and non-CF disease controls have been lacking. To better understand the mechanisms which mediate the generation of oxidants and antioxidants in CF and the importance of their balance in effecting oxidative or reductive stress, we will review the determinants of redox balance in the blood, lumen, and cellular compartments. From the perspective of methodological application, we will focus on the approaches most often used to study oxidant and antioxidants in CF, including biochemical, proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic studies, with a discussion of the few transcriptomic analyses that predict changes in the expression of regulators of redox. Finally, we will discuss the utility of oxidants and antioxidants as biomarkers of disease and the use of antioxidant therapy in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assem G Ziady
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Jason Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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West MB, Wickham S, Parks EE, Sherry DM, Hanigan MH. Human GGT2 does not autocleave into a functional enzyme: A cautionary tale for interpretation of microarray data on redox signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:1877-88. [PMID: 23682772 PMCID: PMC3852618 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human γ-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 (hGGT1) is a cell-surface enzyme that is a regulator of redox adaptation and drug resistance due to its glutathionase activity. The human GGT2 gene encodes a protein that is 94% identical to the amino-acid sequence of hGGT1. Transcriptional profiling analyses in a series of recent publications have implicated the hGGT2 enzyme as a modulator of disease processes. However, hGGT2 has never been shown to encode a protein with enzymatic activity. The aim of this study was to express the protein encoded by hGGT2 and each of its known variants and to assess their stability, cellular localization, and enzymatic activity. RESULTS We discovered that the proteins encoded by hGGT2 and its variants are inactive propeptides. We show that hGGT2 cDNAs are transcribed with a similar efficiency to hGGT1, and the expressed propeptides are N-glycosylated. However, they do not autocleave into heterodimers, fail to localize to the plasma membrane, and do not metabolize γ-glutamyl substrates. Substituting the coding sequence of hGGT1 to conform to alterations in a CX3C motif encoded by hGGT2 mRNAs disrupted autocleavage of the hGGT1 propeptide into a heterodimer, resulting in loss of plasma membrane localization and catalytic activity. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to evaluate hGGT2 protein. The data show that hGGT2 does not encode a functional enzyme. Microarray data which have reported induction of hGGT2 mRNA should not be interpreted as induction of a protein that has a role in the metabolism of extracellular glutathione and in maintaining the redox status of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B West
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Park SY, Bae YS, Ko MJ, Lee SJ, Choi YW. Comparison of anti-inflammatory potential of four different dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans in microglia; action via activation of PKA and Nrf-2 signaling and inhibition of MAPK/STAT/NF-κB pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:738-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon South Korea
| | - Min Jung Ko
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Sang-Joon Lee
- Department of Microbiology; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
| | - Young-Whan Choi
- Department of Horticultural Bioscience; Pusan National University; Busan South Korea
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Caretti A, Bragonzi A, Facchini M, De Fino I, Riva C, Gasco P, Musicanti C, Casas J, Fabriàs G, Ghidoni R, Signorelli P. Anti-inflammatory action of lipid nanocarrier-delivered myriocin: therapeutic potential in cystic fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2013; 1840:586-94. [PMID: 24141140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingolipids take part in immune response and can initiate and/or sustain inflammation. Various inflammatory diseases have been associated with increased ceramide content, and pharmacological reduction of ceramide diminishes inflammation damage in vivo. Inflammation and susceptibility to microbial infection are two elements in a vicious circle. Recently, sphingolipid metabolism inhibitors were used to reduce infection. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by a hyper-inflammation and an excessive innate immune response, which fails to evolve into adaptive immunity and to eradicate infection. Chronic infections result in lung damage and patient morbidity. Notably, ceramide content in mucosa airways is higher in CF mouse models and in patients than in control mice or healthy subjects. METHODS The therapeutic potential of myriocin, an inhibitor of the sphingolipid de novo synthesis rate limiting enzyme (Serine Palmitoyl Transferase, SPT),was investigated in CF cells and mice models. RESULTS We treated CF human respiratory epithelial cells with myriocin, This treatment resulted in reduced basal, as well as TNFα-stimulated, inflammation. In turn, TNFα induced an increase in SPT in these cells, linking de novo synthesis of ceramide to inflammation. Furthermore, myriocin-loaded nanocarrier, injected intratrachea prior to P. aeruginosa challenge, enabled a significant reduction of lung infection and reduced inflammation. CONCLUSIONS The presented data suggest that de novo ceramide synthesis is constitutively enhanced in CF mucosa and that it can be envisaged as pharmacological target for modulating inflammation and restoring effective innate immunity against acute infection. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Myriocin stands as a powerful immunomodulatory agent for inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caretti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, San Paolo Hospital, Italy
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