1
|
Jairaman A, Prakriya M. Calcium Signaling in Airway Epithelial Cells: Current Understanding and Implications for Inflammatory Airway Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:772-783. [PMID: 38385293 PMCID: PMC11090472 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells play an indispensable role in protecting the lung from inhaled pathogens and allergens by releasing an array of mediators that orchestrate inflammatory and immune responses when confronted with harmful environmental triggers. While this process is undoubtedly important for containing the effects of various harmful insults, dysregulation of the inflammatory response can cause lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis. A key cellular mechanism that underlies the inflammatory responses in the airway is calcium signaling, which stimulates the production and release of chemokines, cytokines, and prostaglandins from the airway epithelium. In this review, we discuss the role of major Ca2+ signaling pathways found in airway epithelial cells and their contributions to airway inflammation, mucociliary clearance, and surfactant production. We highlight the importance of store-operated Ca2+ entry as a major signaling hub in these processes and discuss therapeutic implications of targeting Ca2+ signaling for airway inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine (UCI) (A.J.)
| | - Murali Prakriya
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fjærvoll HK, Fjærvoll KA, Yang M, Bair J, Utheim TP, Dartt DA. Purinergic 2X 4 (P2X4), but not P2X7, receptors increase cytosolic [Ca 2+] and stimulate mucin secretion in rat conjunctival goblet cells to maintain ocular surface health. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109614. [PMID: 37580003 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2XRs) are activated by ATP and ATP analogs. ATP can be released through ATP-permeable channels such as the pannexin hemichannels. Upon activation, the P2XRs become permeable to Ca2+, a potent stimulator of mucin secretion in conjunctival goblet cells (CGCs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence and function of P2XRs in CGCs. We also examined the presence of pannexin hemichannels. Rat first passage CGCs were stained with the goblet cell marker anti-cytokeratin 7 antibody and specific antibodies to P2X1-7 receptors and pannexin 1-3. mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR using primers specific to P2XRs and pannexins. Proteins were identified with Western blotting (WB) using the same antibodies as for immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy. To study receptor function, CGCs were incubated with Fura 2-AM, exposed to agonists and antagonists, and intracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) measured. [Ca2+]i was also measured after knock down of P2X4 and P2X7 receptor expression, and when exploiting P2XR specific characteristics. Lastly, mucin secretion was measured after the addition of several P2XR agonists. All P2XRs and pannexins were visualized with IF microscopy, and identified with RT-PCR and WB. [Ca2+]i was significantly increased when stimulated with ATP (10-7-10-4 M). Suramin, a non-selective P2XR antagonist at 10-4 M did not reduce ATP-induced peak [Ca2+]i. The potent P2X7 agonist, BzATP (10-7-10-4 M) increased the [Ca2+]i, although to a lesser extent than ATP. When measuring [Ca2+]i the effect of repeated applications of ATP at 10-5 or 10-6 M the response "desensitized" after 30-60 s. The P2X4 specific antagonist 5-BDBD decreased the P2X4 agonist, 2MeSATP,-induced [Ca2+]i increase. Furthermore, siRNA against the P2X4R, but not the P2X7R, decreased agonist-induced peak [Ca2+]i. ATP (10-5 M), BzATP (10-4 M) and 2MeSATP (10-5 M) induced mucin secretion. We conclude that all seven P2XRs are present in cultured rat CGCs. Of the P2XRs, only activation of the homotrimeric P2X4R appears to increase [Ca2+]i and induce mucin secretion. The P2X4R in CGCs offers a new therapeutic target for protective mucin secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haakon K Fjærvoll
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Student Research Program, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ketil A Fjærvoll
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Medical Student Research Program, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Menglu Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jeffrey Bair
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tor P Utheim
- Medical Student Research Program, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Darlene A Dartt
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nchioua R, Schundner A, Klute S, Koepke L, Hirschenberger M, Noettger S, Fois G, Zech F, Graf A, Krebs S, Braubach P, Blum H, Stenger S, Kmiec D, Frick M, Kirchhoff F, Sparrer KM. Reduced replication but increased interferon resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201745. [PMID: 36977594 PMCID: PMC10053418 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The IFN system constitutes a powerful antiviral defense machinery. Consequently, effective IFN responses protect against severe COVID-19 and exogenous IFNs inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. However, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) may have evolved reduced IFN sensitivity. Here, we determined differences in replication and IFN susceptibility of an early SARS-CoV-2 isolate (NL-02-2020) and the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron VOCs in Calu-3 cells, iPSC-derived alveolar type-II cells (iAT2) and air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human airway epithelial cells. Our data show that Alpha, Beta, and Gamma replicated to similar levels as NL-02-2020. In comparison, Delta consistently yielded higher viral RNA levels, whereas Omicron was attenuated. All viruses were inhibited by type-I, -II, and -III IFNs, albeit to varying extend. Overall, Alpha was slightly less sensitive to IFNs than NL-02-2020, whereas Beta, Gamma, and Delta remained fully sensitive. Strikingly, Omicron BA.1 was least restricted by exogenous IFNs in all cell models. Our results suggest that enhanced innate immune evasion rather than higher replication capacity contributed to the effective spread of Omicron BA.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annika Schundner
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Susanne Klute
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sabrina Noettger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Graf
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Krebs
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Pathology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Helmut Blum
- Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Gene Center, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorota Kmiec
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang M, Sykes DL, Sadofsky LR, Morice AH. ATP, an attractive target for the treatment of refractory chronic cough. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:289-305. [PMID: 35727480 PMCID: PMC9209634 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cough is the most common complaint in respiratory clinics. Most of them have identifiable causes and some may respond to common disease-modifying therapies. However, there are many patients whose cough lacks effective aetiologically targeted treatments or remains unexplained after thorough assessments, which have been described as refractory chronic cough. Current treatments for refractory chronic cough are limited and often accompanied by intolerable side effects such as sedation. In recent years, various in-depth researches into the pathogenesis of chronic cough have led to an explosion in the development of drugs for the treatment of refractory chronic cough. There has been considerable progress in the underlying mechanisms of chronic cough targeting ATP, and ongoing or completed clinical studies have confirmed the promising antitussive efficacy of P2X3 antagonists for refractory cough. Herein, we review the foundation on which ATP target was developed as potential antitussive medications and provide an update on current clinical progresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Cottingham, UK.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dominic L Sykes
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Cottingham, UK
| | - Laura R Sadofsky
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Cottingham, UK
| | - Alyn H Morice
- Respiratory Research Group, Hull York Medical School, Cottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schneider S, Merfort I, Idzko M, Zech A. Blocking P2X purinoceptor 4 signalling alleviates cigarette smoke induced pulmonary inflammation. Respir Res 2022; 23:148. [PMID: 35676684 PMCID: PMC9175376 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with elevated ATP levels in the extracellular space. Once released, ATP serves as danger signal modulating immune responses by activating purinergic receptors. Accordingly, purinergic signalling has been implicated in respiratory inflammation associated with cigarette smoke exposure. However, the role of P2X4-signalling has not been fully elucidated yet.
Methods Here, we analysed the P2X4 mRNA expression in COPD patients as well as cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Furthermore, P2X4-signalling was blocked by either using a specific antagonist or genetic depletion of P2rx4 in mice applied to an acute and prolonged model of cigarette smoke exposure. Finally, we inhibited P2X4-signalling in macrophages derived from THP-1 before stimulation with cigarette smoke extract. Results COPD patients exhibited an increased P2X4 mRNA expression in cells isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral mononuclear cells. Similarly, P2rx4 expression was elevated in lung tissue of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Blocking P2X4-signalling in mice alleviated cigarette smoke induced airway inflammation as well as lung parenchyma destruction. Additionally, human macrophages derived from THP-1 cells released reduced concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines in response to cigarette smoke extract stimulation when P2X4 was inhibited. Conclusion Taken together, we provide evidence that P2X4-signalling promotes innate immunity in the immunopathologic responses induced by cigarette smoke exposure. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-02072-z.
Collapse
|
6
|
Inhibition of calcium-triggered secretion by hydrocarbon-stapled peptides. Nature 2022; 603:949-956. [PMID: 35322233 PMCID: PMC8967716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion triggered by Ca2+ is orchestrated by a conserved set of proteins to mediate synaptic neurotransmitter release, mucin secretion and other regulated exocytic processes1–4. For neurotransmitter release, the Ca2+ sensitivity is introduced by interactions between the Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin and the SNARE complex5, and sequence conservation and functional studies suggest that this mechanism is also conserved for mucin secretion6. Disruption of Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion by a pharmacological agent would have therapeutic value for mucus hypersecretion as it is the major cause of airway obstruction in the pathophysiology of respiratory viral infection, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis7–11. Here we designed a hydrocarbon-stapled peptide that specifically disrupts Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion by interfering with the so-called primary interface between the neuronal SNARE complex and the Ca2+-binding C2B domain of synaptotagmin-1. In reconstituted systems with these neuronal synaptic proteins or with their airway homologues syntaxin-3, SNAP-23, VAMP8, synaptotagmin-2, along with Munc13-2 and Munc18-2, the stapled peptide strongly suppressed Ca2+-triggered fusion at physiological Ca2+ concentrations. Conjugation of cell-penetrating peptides to the stapled peptide resulted in efficient delivery into cultured human airway epithelial cells and mouse airway epithelium, where it markedly and specifically reduced stimulated mucin secretion in both systems, and substantially attenuated mucus occlusion of mouse airways. Taken together, peptides that disrupt Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion may enable the therapeutic modulation of mucin secretory pathways. Peptides that disrupt Ca2+-triggered membrane fusion may enable the therapeutic modulation of mucin secretory pathways.
Collapse
|
7
|
Spix B, Jeridi A, Ansari M, Yildirim AÖ, Schiller HB, Grimm C. Endolysosomal Cation Channels and Lung Disease. Cells 2022; 11:304. [PMID: 35053420 PMCID: PMC8773812 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomal cation channels are emerging as key players of endolysosomal function such as endolysosomal trafficking, fusion/fission, lysosomal pH regulation, autophagy, lysosomal exocytosis, and endocytosis. Diseases comprise lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, pigmentation defects, cancer, immune disorders, autophagy related diseases, infectious diseases and many more. Involvement in lung diseases has not been a focus of attention so far but recent developments in the field suggest critical functions in lung physiology and pathophysiology. Thus, loss of TRPML3 was discovered to exacerbate emphysema formation and cigarette smoke induced COPD due to dysregulated matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) levels in the extracellular matrix of the lung, a known risk factor for emphysema/COPD. While direct lung function measurements with the exception of TRPML3 are missing for other endolysosomal cation channels or channels expressed in lysosome related organelles (LRO) in the lung, links between those channels and important roles in lung physiology have been established such as the role of P2X4 in surfactant release from alveolar epithelial Type II cells. Other channels with demonstrated functions and disease relevance in the lung such as TRPM2, TRPV2, or TRPA1 may mediate their effects due to plasma membrane expression but evidence accumulates that these channels might also be expressed in endolysosomes, suggesting additional and/or dual roles of these channels in cell and intracellular membranes. We will discuss here the current knowledge on cation channels residing in endolysosomes or LROs with respect to their emerging roles in lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Spix
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| | - Aicha Jeridi
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Meshal Ansari
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Ali Önder Yildirim
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Herbert B. Schiller
- Pneumology Center, Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Munich, Germany; (A.J.); (M.A.); (A.Ö.Y.); (H.B.S.)
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamei J. [Recent Findings on the Mechanism of Cough Hypersensitivity as a Cause of Chronic Cough]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1333-1342. [PMID: 34853206 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of patients complain to medical institutions about a cough that persists for more than 8 weeks, namely chronic cough. The cough observed in patients with chronic cough is not responsive to conventional antitussive agents such as dihydrocodeine and dextromethorphan, and this is a major clinical problem. The most common pathology of chronic cough in Japan is dry cough. Two causes of dry cough are increased sensitivity of cough receptors (cough hypersensitivity) and increased contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Among these, the mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity are diverse, and understanding these mechanisms is important for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough. In this paper I will review the regulatory mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity, especially the regulation of Aδ fiber excitability by C fibers. Furthermore, the central mechanisms involved cough reflex are discussed in relation to central acting antitussives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzo Kamei
- Department of Biomolecular Pharmacology, Hoshi University
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee DF, Lethem MI, Lansley AB. A comparison of three mucus-secreting airway cell lines (Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T) for use as biopharmaceutical models of the nose and lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:159-174. [PMID: 34332033 PMCID: PMC8422164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare three existing mucus-secreting airway cell lines for use as models of the airways to study drug transport in the presence of mucus. Each cell line secreted mature, glycosylated mucins, evidenced by the enzyme-linked lectin assay. The secretagogue, adenylyl-imidodiphosphate, increased mucin secretion in SPOC1 (3.5-fold) and UNCN3T (1.5-fold) cells but not in Calu-3 cells. In a novel mucus-depleted (MD) model the amount of mucus in the non-depleted wells was 3-, 8- and 4-fold higher than in the mucus-depleted wells of the Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells respectively. The permeability of 'high mucus' cells to testosterone was significantly less in SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05) but not Calu-3 cells. Mucin secretion and cytokine release were investigated as indicators of drug irritancy in the SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines. A number of inhaled drugs significantly increased mucin secretion at high concentrations and the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from SPOC1 or UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05). SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines are better able to model the effect of mucus on drug absorption than the Calu-3 cell line and are proposed for use in assessing drug-mucus interactions in inhaled drug and formulation development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane F Lee
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK(1).
| | - Michael I Lethem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alison B Lansley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamamoto Y, Yokoyama T, Nakamuta N. Morphology of GNAT3-immunoreactive chemosensory cells in the nasal cavity and pharynx of the rat. J Anat 2021; 239:290-306. [PMID: 33677835 PMCID: PMC8273592 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary chemosensory cells and chemosensory cell clusters are distributed in the pharynx and larynx. In the present study, the morphology and reflexogenic function of solitary chemosensory cells and chemosensory cell clusters in the nasal cavity and pharynx were examined using immunofluorescence for GNAT3 and electrophysiology. In the nasal cavity, GNAT3-immunoreactive solitary chemosensory cells were widely distributed in the nasal mucosa, particularly in the cranial region near the nostrils. Solitary chemosensory cells were also observed in the nasopharynx. Solitary chemosensory cells in the nasopharyngeal cavity were barrel like or slender in shape with long lateral processes within the epithelial layer to attach surrounding ciliated epithelial cells. Chemosensory cell clusters containing GNAT3-immunoreactive cells were also detected in the pharynx. GNAT3-immunoreactive cells gathered with SNAP25-immunoreactive cells in chemosensory clusters. GNAT3-immunoreactive chemosensory cells were in close contact with a few SP- or CGRP-immunoreactive nerve endings. In the pharynx, GNAT3-immunoreactive chemosensory cells were also attached to P2X3-immunoreactive nerve endings. Physiologically, the perfusion of 10 mM quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) solution induced ventilatory depression. The QHCl-induced reflex was diminished by bilateral section of the glossopharyngeal nerve, suggesting autonomic reflex were evoked by chemosensory cells in pharynx but not in nasal mucosa. The present results indicate that complex shape of nasopharyngeal solitary chemosensory cells may contribute to intercellular communication, and pharyngeal chemosensory cells may play a role in respiratory depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell BiologyFaculty of AgricultureIwate UniversityMoriokaJapan
| | - Takuya Yokoyama
- Department of Anatomy (Cell Biology)Iwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Nobuaki Nakamuta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy and Cell BiologyFaculty of AgricultureIwate UniversityMoriokaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khir NAM, Noh ASM, Shafin N, Ismail CAN. Contribution of P2X4 receptor in pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a review. Purinergic Signal 2021; 17:201-213. [PMID: 33594635 PMCID: PMC8155137 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is the most common symptom reported by patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) even after the resolution of chronic joint inflammation. It is believed that RA-associated pain is not solely due to inflammation, but could also be attributed to aberrant modifications to the central nervous system. The P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) is an ATP-activated purinergic receptor that plays a significant role in the transmission of information in the nervous system and pain. The involvement of P2X4R during the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain is well-established. The attenuation of this receptor alleviates disease pathogenesis and related symptoms, including hyperalgesia and allodynia. Although some studies have revealed the contribution of P2X4R in promoting joint inflammation in RA, how it implicates pain associated with RA at peripheral and central nervous systems is still lacking. In this review, the possible contributions of P2X4R in the nervous system and how it implicates pain transmission and responses were examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ajilah Mohamed Khir
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Ain’ Sabreena Mohd Noh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Nazlahshaniza Shafin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Che Aishah Nazariah Ismail
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schütz D, Conzelmann C, Fois G, Groß R, Weil T, Wettstein L, Stenger S, Zelikin A, Hoffmann TK, Frick M, Müller JA, Münch J. Carrageenan-containing over-the-counter nasal and oral sprays inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection of airway epithelial cultures. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L750-L756. [PMID: 33561380 PMCID: PMC8384564 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00552.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and transmission. As SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads via the nasopharyngeal airways, we analyzed the antiviral effect of selected nasal and oral sprays on virus infection in vitro. Two nose sprays showed virucidal activity but were cytotoxic precluding further analysis in cell culture. One nasal and one mouth spray suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection of TMPRSS2-expressing Vero E6 cells and primary differentiated human airway epithelial cultures. The antiviral activity in both sprays could be attributed to polyanionic ι- and κ-carrageenans. Thus, application of carrageenan-containing nasal and mouth sprays may reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and may limit viral spread, warranting further clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Schütz
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Wettstein
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Müller JA, Groß R, Conzelmann C, Krüger J, Merle U, Steinhart J, Weil T, Koepke L, Bozzo CP, Read C, Fois G, Eiseler T, Gehrmann J, van Vuuren J, Wessbecher IM, Frick M, Costa IG, Breunig M, Grüner B, Peters L, Schuster M, Liebau S, Seufferlein T, Stenger S, Stenzinger A, MacDonald PE, Kirchhoff F, Sparrer KMJ, Walther P, Lickert H, Barth TFE, Wagner M, Münch J, Heller S, Kleger A. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Nat Metab 2021; 3:149-165. [PMID: 33536639 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection-related diabetes can arise as a result of virus-associated β-cell destruction. Clinical data suggest that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), impairs glucose homoeostasis, but experimental evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect pancreatic tissue has been lacking. In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects cells of the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas ex vivo and in vivo. We demonstrate that human β-cells express viral entry proteins, and SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cultured human islets. Infection is associated with morphological, transcriptional and functional changes, including reduced numbers of insulin-secretory granules in β-cells and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In COVID-19 full-body postmortem examinations, we detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in pancreatic exocrine cells, and in cells that stain positive for the β-cell marker NKX6.1 and are in close proximity to the islets of Langerhans in all four patients investigated. Our data identify the human pancreas as a target of SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that β-cell infection could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in patients with COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Gehrmann
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joanne van Vuuren
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel M Wessbecher
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lynn Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang M, Cai X, Wang Y, Li S, Wang N, Sun R, Xing J, Liang S, Liu S. Astragalin Alleviates Neuropathic Pain by Suppressing P2X4-Mediated Signaling in the Dorsal Root Ganglia of Rats. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:570831. [PMID: 33505232 PMCID: PMC7829479 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.570831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic damage often leads to neuropathic pain, for which there are no effective treatments owing to its complex pathogenesis. The purinergic receptor P2X4 is closely associated with neuropathic pain. Astragalin (AST), a compound that is used in traditional Chinese medicine, has protective effects against allergic dermatitis and neuronal injury, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study investigated whether AST can alleviate neuropathic pain in a rat model established by chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the sciatic nerve. The model rats exhibited pain behavior and showed increased expression of P2X4 and the activated satellite glial cell (SGC) marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in dorsal root ganglia (DRG). AST treatment partly abrogated the upregulation of P2X4, inhibited SGC activation, and alleviated pain behavior in CCI rats; it also suppressed ATP-activated currents in HEK293 cells overexpressing P2X4. These data demonstrate that AST relieves neuropathic pain by inhibiting P2X4 and SGC activation in DRG, highlighting its therapeutic potential for clinical pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shizhen Li
- Undergraduate Student of the Second Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Na Wang
- Undergraduate Student of the Second Clinical Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Undergraduate Student of the Anesthesiology Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingming Xing
- Undergraduate Student of the Basic Medical Science Department, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Resolving the Ionotropic P2X4 Receptor Mystery Points Towards a New Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145005. [PMID: 32679900 PMCID: PMC7404342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a primordial versatile autacoid that changes its role from an intracellular energy saver to a signaling molecule once released to the extracellular milieu. Extracellular ATP and its adenosine metabolite are the main activators of the P2 and P1 purinoceptor families, respectively. Mounting evidence suggests that the ionotropic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) plays pivotal roles in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, yet further therapeutic advances have been hampered by the lack of selective P2X4R agonists. In this review, we provide the state of the art of the P2X4R activity in the cardiovascular system. We also discuss the role of P2X4R activation in kidney and lungs vis a vis their interplay to control cardiovascular functions and dysfunctions, including putative adverse effects emerging from P2X4R activation. Gathering this information may prompt further development of selective P2X4R agonists and its translation to the clinical practice.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang WJ, Luo HL, Zhu ZM. The role of P2X4 receptors in chronic pain: A potential pharmacological target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110447. [PMID: 32887026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common symptom of most clinical diseases, which seriously affects the psychosomatic health of patients and brings some pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated and the treatment of chronic pain has always been a difficult problem in clinical. Normally, drugs are usually used to relieve pain, but the analgesic effect is not good, especially for cancer pain patients, the analgesic effect is poor. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pain has aroused the interest of many researchers. A large number of studies have shown that the role of ATP and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. P2X4R is dependent on ATP ligand-gated ion channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the information transmission of nerve system and the formation of pain. Therefore, in this paper, we comprehensively described the structure and biological functions of P2X4R, and outlined behavioral evaluation methods of chronic pain models. Moreover, we also explored the inherent relationship between P2X4R and chronic pain, and described the therapeutic effect of P2X4R antagonist on chronic pain, and provided some valuable help for the treatment of chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhang WJ, Zhu ZM, Liu ZX. The role of P2X4 receptor in neuropathic pain and its pharmacological properties. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104875. [PMID: 32407956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a common symptom of most diseases in clinic, which seriously affects the mental health of patients and brings certain pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated, and thus, its treatment has been one of the challenges in the field of medicine. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment approach of NPP has aroused the interest of many researchers. ATP is an important energy information substance, which participates in the signal transmission in the body. The P2 × 4 receptor (P2 × 4R) is dependent on ATP ligand-gated cationic channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the transmission of information in the nervous system and the formation of pain. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the P2 × 4R gene. We also discuss the pathogenesis of NPP and the intrinsic relationship between P2 × 4R and NPP. Moreover, we explore the pharmacological properties of P2 × 4R antagonists or inhibitors used as targeted therapies for NPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang M, Wang S, Yu L, Xu X, Qiu Z. The role of ATP in cough hypersensitivity syndrome: new targets for treatment. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:2781-2790. [PMID: 32642186 PMCID: PMC7330343 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-cough-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, chronic cough can be effectively controlled in most patients by etiological treatment; however, there remain a small number of patients whose cough has unidentifiable etiology or where treatment efficacy is poor following etiology identification, whose condition is described as unexplained chronic cough or refractory chronic cough. Patients with refractory chronic or unexplained chronic cough commonly have increased cough reflex sensitivity, which has been described as cough hypersensitivity syndrome. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-gated P2X3 receptor may be a key link in the activation of sensory neurons that regulate cough reflexes and has recently draw attention as a potential target for the treatment of refractory chronic cough, with a number of clinical studies validating the therapeutic effects of P2X3 receptor antagonists in patients with this condition. As the energy source for various cells in vivo, ATP localizes within cells under normal physiological conditions, and has physiological functions, including in metabolism; however, under some pathological circumstances, ATP can act as a neuromodulator and is released into the extracellular space in large quantities as a signal transduction molecule. In addition, ATP is involved in regulation of airway inflammation and the cough reflex. Here, we review the generation, release, and regulation of ATP during airway inflammation and its role in the etiology of cough hypersensitivity syndrome, including the potential underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shengyuan Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Xianghuai Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhongmin Qiu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bergmann P, Garcia de Paco E, Rissiek B, Menzel S, Dubberke G, Hua J, Rassendren F, Ulmann L, Koch-Nolte F. Generation and Characterization of Specific Monoclonal Antibodies and Nanobodies Directed Against the ATP-Gated Channel P2X4. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:498. [PMID: 31798414 PMCID: PMC6861843 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X4 channel is involved in different physiological and pathological conditions and functions in the nervous system. Despite the existence of several mouse models for which the expression of the gene was manipulated, there is still little information on the expression of the protein at the cellular level. In particular, supposedly specific available antibodies have often proved to recognize unrelated proteins in P2X4-deficient mice. Here, we used an in vivo DNA vaccine approach to generate a series of monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies specific for human, mouse, and rat P2X4 channels. We further characterized these antibodies and show that they solely recognize the native form of the proteins both in biochemical and cytometric applications. Some of these antibodies prove to specifically recognize P2X4 channels by immunostaining in brain or sensory ganglia slices, as well as at the cellular and subcellular levels. Due to their clonality, these different antibodies should represent versatile tools for further characterizing the cellular functions of P2X4 in the nervous system as well as at the periphery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philine Bergmann
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elvira Garcia de Paco
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun Dubberke
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Hua
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - François Rassendren
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Lauriane Ulmann
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence Canaux Ioniques d'Intérêt Thérapeutique (LabEx ICST), Montpellier, France
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schmidt H, Braubach P, Schilpp C, Lochbaum R, Neuland K, Thompson K, Jonigk D, Frick M, Dietl P, Wittekindt OH. IL-13 Impairs Tight Junctions in Airway Epithelia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133222. [PMID: 31262043 PMCID: PMC6651493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-13 (IL-13) drives symptoms in asthma with high levels of T-helper type 2 cells (Th2-cells). Since tight junctions (TJ) constitute the epithelial diffusion barrier, we investigated the effect of IL-13 on TJ in human tracheal epithelial cells. We observed that IL-13 increases paracellular permeability, changes claudin expression pattern and induces intracellular aggregation of the TJ proteins zonlua occludens protein 1, as well as claudins. Furthermore, IL-13 treatment increases expression of ubiquitin conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2Z. Co-localization and proximity ligation assays further showed that ubiquitin and the proteasomal marker PSMA5 co-localize with TJ proteins in IL-13 treated cells, showing that TJ proteins are ubiquitinated following IL-13 exposure. UBE2Z upregulation occurs within the first day after IL-13 exposure. Proteasomal aggregation of ubiquitinated TJ proteins starts three days after IL-13 exposure and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) decrease follows the time course of TJ-protein aggregation. Inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling abolishes IL-13 induced effects. Our data suggest that that IL-13 induces ubiquitination and proteasomal aggregation of TJ proteins via JAK/STAT dependent expression of UBE2Z, resulting in opening of TJs. This may contribute to barrier disturbances in pulmonary epithelia and lung damage of patients with inflammatory lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Schmidt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 130625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partnersite BREATH, 306245 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolin Schilpp
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Robin Lochbaum
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathrin Neuland
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Kristin Thompson
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 130625 Hannover, Germany
- German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Partnersite BREATH, 306245 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Dietl
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Oliver H Wittekindt
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|