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Heinrich UR, Meuser R, Ernst BP, Schmidtmann I, Dietrich D, Stauber RH, Strieth S. Regulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Reticular Lamina of the Organ of Corti by a Nitric Oxide Donor. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:731-739. [PMID: 34666550 DOI: 10.1369/00221554211054642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate cochlea, the reticular lamina seals the organ of Corti against the endolymph filled scala media. After noise exposure, fast alterations in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression level were identified in this cochlear structure. Minor amounts of nitric oxide (NO) produced by eNOS or applied by NO donors such as S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) might protect this vulnerable part of the organ of Corti, on the line of gap junctions of supporting cells and cochlear microcirculation. In n=5 anesthetized guinea pigs, SNAP was intravenously applied in two concentrations. Six untreated animals served as controls. The cochleae were removed and prepared for immunoelectron microscopy using specific gold-labeled anti-eNOS antibodies. The density of the gold particles was quantified for seven cellular regions in the reticular lamina at the ultrastructural level. Following SNAP application, a significant increase in eNOS expression (+176%) was detected compared with controls (p=0.012). The increase occurred mainly in actin-rich cuticular structures and the prominent microtubules bundles. Correlation analysis revealed three clear and five moderate cellular associations for controls, whereas only one clear and one moderate after SNAP application. Thus, application of the NO donor SNAP resulted in an increase in eNOS expression in distinct regions of the reticular lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regina Meuser
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Informatics
| | - Benjamin Philipp Ernst
- University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Dimo Dietrich
- University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Strieth
- University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn (UKB), Bonn, Germany
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2
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Luo J, Li H, Liu Z, Li C, Wang R, Fang J, Lu S, Guo J, Zhu X, Wang X. Integrative analyses of gene expression profile reveal potential crucial roles of mitotic cell cycle and microtubule cytoskeleton in pulmonary artery hypertension. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:86. [PMID: 32586319 PMCID: PMC7318763 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-00740-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life-threatening condition. The aim of this study was to explore potential crucial genes and pathways associated with PAH based on integrative analyses of gene expression and to shed light on the identification of biomarker for PAH. METHODS Gene expression profile of pulmonary tissues from 27 PAH patients and 22 normal controls were downloaded from public database (GSE53408 and GSE113439). After the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), hub pathways and genes were identified based on the comprehensive evaluation of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, modular analysis and cytohubba's analysis, and further validated in another PAH transcriptomic dataset (GSE33463). Potentially associated micro-RNAs (miRNAs) were also predicted. RESULTS A total of 521 DEGs were found between PAH and normal controls, including 432 up-regulated DEGs and 89 down-regulated DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in mitotic cell cycle process, mitotic cell cycle and microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Moreover, five key genes (CDK1, SMC2, SMC4, KIF23, and CENPE) were identified and then further validated in another transcriptomic dataset associated with special phenotypes of PAH. Furthermore, these hub genes were mainly enriched in promoting mitotic cell cycle process, which may be closely associated with the pathogenesis of PAH. We also found that the predicted miRNAs targeting these hub genes were found to be enriched in TGF-β and Hippo signaling pathway. CONCLUSION These findings are expected to gain a further insight into the development of PAH and provide a promising index for the detection of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenwei Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinxia Fang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Saisai Lu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jing Guo
- College of psychologic medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Chen J, Zhang J, Shaik NF, Yi B, Wei X, Yang XF, Naik UP, Summer R, Yan G, Xu X, Sun J. The histone deacetylase inhibitor tubacin mitigates endothelial dysfunction by up-regulating the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19565-19576. [PMID: 31719145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) plays a critical role in the maintenance of blood vessel homeostasis. Recent findings suggest that cytoskeletal dynamics play an essential role in regulating eNOS expression and activation. Here, we sought to test whether modulation of cytoskeletal dynamics through pharmacological regulation of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6)-mediated tubulin deacetylation affects eNOS expression and endothelial function in vitro and in vivo We found that tubulin acetylation inducer (tubacin), a compound that appears to selectively inhibit HDAC6 activity, dramatically increased eNOS expression in several different endothelial cell lines, as determined by both immunoblotting and NO production assays. Mechanistically, we found that these effects were not mediated by tubacin's inhibitory effect on HDAC6 activity, but rather were due to its ability to stabilize eNOS mRNA transcripts. Consistent with these findings, tubacin also inhibited proinflammatory cytokine-induced degradation of eNOS transcripts and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation in the mouse aorta. Furthermore, we found that tubacin-induced up-regulation in eNOS expression in vivo is associated with improved endothelial function in diabetic db/db mice and with a marked attenuation of ischemic brain injury in a murine stroke model. Our findings indicate that tubacin exhibits potent eNOS-inducing effects and suggest that this compound might be useful for the prevention or management of endothelial dysfunction-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihui Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.,Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Noor F Shaik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Bing Yi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Ulhas P Naik
- Cardeza Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Guijun Yan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jianxin Sun
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
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4
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Transcriptional and Posttranslational Regulation of eNOS in the Endothelium. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 77:29-64. [PMID: 27451094 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly reactive free radical gas and these unique properties have been adapted for a surprising number of biological roles. In neurons, NO functions as a neurotransmitter; in immune cells, NO contributes to host defense; and in endothelial cells, NO is a major regulator of blood vessel homeostasis. In the vasculature, NO is synthesized on demand by a specific enzyme, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) that is uniquely expressed in the endothelial cells that form the interface between the circulating blood and the various tissues of the body. NO regulates endothelial and blood vessel function via two distinct pathways, the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase and cGMP-dependent signaling and the S-nitrosylation of proteins with reactive thiols (S-nitrosylation). The chemical properties of NO also serve to reduce oxidation and regulate mitochondrial function. Reduced synthesis and/or compromised biological activity of NO precede the development of cardiovascular disease and this has generated a high level of interest in the mechanisms controlling the synthesis and fate of NO in the endothelium. The amount of NO produced results from the expression level of eNOS, which is regulated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels as well as the acute posttranslational regulation of eNOS. The goal of this chapter is to highlight and integrate past and current knowledge of the mechanisms regulating eNOS expression in the endothelium and the posttranslational mechanisms regulating eNOS activity in both health and disease.
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Teng RJ, Wu TJ, Afolayan AJ, Konduri GG. Nitrotyrosine impairs mitochondrial function in fetal lamb pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 310:C80-8. [PMID: 26491046 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitration of both protein-bound and free tyrosine by reactive nitrogen species results in the formation of nitrotyrosine (NT). We previously reported that free NT impairs microtubule polymerization and uncouples endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) function in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Because microtubules modulate mitochondrial function, we hypothesized that increased NT levels during inflammation and oxidative stress will lead to mitochondrial dysfunction in PAEC. PAEC isolated from fetal lambs were exposed to varying concentrations of free NT. At low concentrations (1-10 μM), NT increased nitration of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) protein subunit complexes I-V and state III oxygen consumption. Higher concentrations of NT (50 μM) caused decreased microtubule acetylation, impaired eNOS interactions with mitochondria, and decreased ETC protein levels. We also observed increases in heat shock protein-90 nitration, mitochondrial superoxide formation, and fragmentation of mitochondria in PAEC. Our data suggest that free NT accumulation may impair microtubule polymerization and exacerbate reactive oxygen species-induced cell damage by causing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jeng Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
| | - Tzong-Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
| | - Adeleye J Afolayan
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
| | - Girija G Konduri
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin
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Gorska M, Kuban-Jankowska A, Zmijewski M, Gammazza AM, Cappello F, Wnuk M, Gorzynik M, Rzeszutek I, Daca A, Lewinska A, Wozniak M. DNA strand breaks induced by nuclear hijacking of neuronal NOS as an anti-cancer effect of 2-methoxyestradiol. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15449-63. [PMID: 25972363 PMCID: PMC4558163 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME) is a physiological metabolite of 17β-estradiol. At pharmacological concentrations, 2-ME inhibits colon, breast and lung cancer in tumor models. Here we investigated the effect of physiologically relevant concentrations of 2-ME in osteosarcoma cell model. We demonstrated that 2-ME increased nuclear localization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, resulting in nitro-oxidative DNA damage. This in turn caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. We suggest that 2-ME is a naturally occurring hormone with potential anti-cancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gorska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Michal Zmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Section of Human Anatomy “Emerico Luna”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Monika Gorzynik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Iwona Rzeszutek
- Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Daca
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Rheumatology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Lewinska
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michal Wozniak
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Staiculescu MC, Foote C, Martinez-Lemus LA. Mechanisms of the inward remodeling process in resistance vessels: is the actin cytoskeleton involved? Microcirculation 2015; 21:219-29. [PMID: 24635509 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The resistance arteries and arterioles are the vascular components of the circulatory system where the greatest drop in blood pressure takes place. Consequently, these vessels play a preponderant role in the regulation of blood flow and the modulation of blood pressure. For this reason, the inward remodeling process of the resistance vasculature, as it occurs in hypertension, has profound consequences on the incidence of life-threatening cardiovascular events. In this manuscript, we review some of the most prominent characteristics of inwardly remodeled resistance arteries including their changes in vascular passive diameter, wall thickness, and elastic properties. Then, we explore the known contribution of the different components of the vascular wall to the characteristics of inwardly remodeled vessels, and pay particular attention to the role the vascular smooth muscle actin cytoskeleton may play on the initial stages of the remodeling process. We end by proposing potential ways by which many of the factors and mechanisms known to participate in the inward remodeling process may be associated with cytoskeletal modifications and participate in reducing the passive diameter of resistance vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Castorena-Gonzalez
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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8
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Su Y. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity by protein-protein interaction. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:3514-20. [PMID: 24180383 PMCID: PMC7039309 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113196660752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is expressed in vascular endothelial cells and plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone, platelet aggregation and angiogenesis. Protein-protein interactions represent an important posttranslational mechanism for eNOS regulation. eNOS has been shown to interact with a variety of regulatory and structural proteins which provide fine tuneup of eNOS activity and eNOS protein trafficking between plasma membrane and intracellular membranes in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes. eNOS interacts with calmodulin, heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), dynamin-2, β-actin, tubulin, porin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), resulting in increases in eNOS activity. The negative eNOS interacting proteins include caveolin, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), nitric oxide synthase-interacting protein (NOSIP), and nitric oxide synthase trafficking inducer (NOSTRIN). Dynamin-2, NOSIP, NOSTRIN, and cytoskeleton are also involved in eNOS trafficking in endothelial cells. In addition, eNOS associations with cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1), argininosuccinate synthase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) facilitate directed delivery of substrate (L-arginine) to eNOS and optimizing NO production and NO action on its target. Regulation of eNOS by protein-protein interactions would provide potential targets for pharmacological interventions in NO-compromised cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912.
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Su J, Laursen BE, Eskildsen-Helmond Y, Horsman MR, Simonsen U. The vascular-disrupting agent, combretastatin-A4-phosphate, enhances neurogenic vasoconstriction in rat small arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 695:104-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Azevedo E, Oliveira LT, Castro Lima AK, Terra R, Dutra PML, Salerno VP. Interactions between Leishmania braziliensis and Macrophages Are Dependent on the Cytoskeleton and Myosin Va. J Parasitol Res 2012; 2012:275436. [PMID: 22792440 PMCID: PMC3391898 DOI: 10.1155/2012/275436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with no effective vaccines. Actin, microtubules and the actin-based molecular motor myosin Va were investigated for their involvement in Leishmania braziliensis macrophage interactions. Results showed a decrease in the association index when macrophages were without F-actin or microtubules regardless of the activation state of the macrophage. In the absence of F-actin, the production of NO in non-activated cells increased, while in activated cells, the production of NO was reduced independent of parasites. The opposite effect of an increased NO production was observed in the absence of microtubules. In activated cells, the loss of cytoskeletal components inhibited the release of IL-10 during parasite interactions. The production of IL-10 also decreased in the absence of actin or microtubules in non-activated macrophages. Only the disruption of actin altered the production of TNF-α in activated macrophages. The expression of myosin Va tail resulted in an acute decrease in the association index between transfected macrophages and L. braziliensis promastigotes. These data reveal the importance of F-actin, microtubules, and myosin-Va suggesting that modulation of the cytoskeleton may be a mechanism used by L. braziliensis to overcome the natural responses of macrophages to establish infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisama Azevedo
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioquímica de Protozoários, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, FCM, UERJ, Avenida Professor Manuel de Abreu 444 5° andar. Vila Isabel, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UERJ, 20550-170 Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Teixeira Oliveira
- Departamento Biociências, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-599 Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Karina Castro Lima
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioquímica de Protozoários, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, FCM, UERJ, Avenida Professor Manuel de Abreu 444 5° andar. Vila Isabel, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, UERJ, 20550-170 Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Terra
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioquímica de Protozoários, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, FCM, UERJ, Avenida Professor Manuel de Abreu 444 5° andar. Vila Isabel, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodinâmica do Movimento, EEFD, UFRJ, 21941-599 Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Lourenço Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Bioquímica de Protozoários, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, FCM, UERJ, Avenida Professor Manuel de Abreu 444 5° andar. Vila Isabel, 20550-170 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Verônica P. Salerno
- Departamento Biociências, Escola de Educação Física e Desportos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-599 Rio de Janerio, RJ, Brazil
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Kornfeld S, Goupille C, Vibet S, Chevalier S, Pinet A, Lebeau J, Tranquart F, Bougnoux P, Martel E, Maurin A, Richard S, Champeroux P, Mahéo K. Reducing endothelial NOS activation and interstitial fluid pressure with n-3 PUFA offset tumor chemoresistance. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:260-7. [PMID: 22114075 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine how n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) counteracted tumor chemoresistance by restoring a functional vascularization. Rats with chemically induced mammary tumors were divided into two nutritional groups: a control group and a group fed with an n-3 PUFA-enriched diet. Both groups were treated with docetaxel. Functional vascular parameters (ultrasounds, interstitial fluid pressure) were determined for both nutritional groups before (W(0)) and during docetaxel treatment [every 2 h up to 1 week (W(+1)) for interstitial fluid pressure, at W(+1) for Evans blue extravasation and at W(+2) and W(+6) for ultrasounds]. In vitro n-3 PUFA-induced changes in endothelial cell migration, permeability and phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase were evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Whereas docetaxel stabilized tumor growth in the rat control group, it induced a 50% tumor regression in the n-3 PUFA group. Ultrasounds parameters were consistently lower in the n-3 PUFA group at all time points measured, down to ∼50% at W(+6). A single dose of docetaxel in the n-3 PUFA group markedly reduced interstitial fluid pressure from 2 h after injection up to W(+1) when Evans blue extravasation was increased by 3-fold. A decreased activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in tumors of the n-3 PUFA group, and in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultured with n-3 PUFA, points toward a PUFA-induced disruption of nitric oxide signaling pathway. This normalization of tumor vasculature functions under n-3 PUFA diet indicates that such a supplementation, by improving drug delivery in mammary tumors, could be a complementary clinical strategy to decrease anticancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kornfeld
- INSERM U921 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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Abstract
Arterioles are the blood vessels in the arterial side of the vascular tree that are located proximal to the capillaries and, in conjunction with the terminal arteries, provide the majority of resistance to blood flow. Consequently, arterioles are important contributors to the regulation of mean arterial pressure and tissue perfusion. Their wall consists of cellular and extracellular components that have been traditionally classified as conforming three layers: an intima containing endothelial cells sited on a basement membrane; a media made of an internal elastic lamina apposed by one or two layers of smooth muscle; and an adventitia composed mostly of collagen bundles, nerve endings and some fibroblasts. These components of the arteriolar wall are dynamically interconnected, providing a level of plasticity to the arteriolar wall that blurs the traditional boundaries of a rigid layered classification. This MiniReview focuses on the structural conformation of the arteriolar wall and shows how wall components interact spatially, functionally and temporally to control vascular diameter, regulate blood flow and maintain vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Yemets AI, Krasylenko YA, Lytvyn DI, Sheremet YA, Blume YB. Nitric oxide signalling via cytoskeleton in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 181:545-54. [PMID: 21893251 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) in plant cell mediates processes of growth and development starting from seed germination to pollination, as well as biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. However, proper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of NO signalling in plants has just begun to emerge. Accumulated evidence suggests that in eukaryotic cells NO regulates functions of proteins by their post-translational modifications, namely tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosylation. Among the candidates for NO-downstream effectors are cytoskeletal proteins because of their involvement in many processes regulated by NO. This review discusses new insights in plant NO signalling focused mainly on the involvement of cytoskeleton components into NO-cascades. Herein, examples of NO-related post-translational modifications of cytoskeletal proteins, and also indirect NO impact, are discussed. Special attention is paid to plant α-tubulin tyrosine nitration as an emerging topic in plant NO research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla I Yemets
- Department of Genomics and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Osipovskogo Str., 2a, Kyiv 04123, Ukraine.
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Prieto CP, Krause BJ, Quezada C, San Martin R, Sobrevia L, Casanello P. Hypoxia-reduced nitric oxide synthase activity is partially explained by higher arginase-2 activity and cellular redistribution in human umbilical vein endothelium. Placenta 2011; 32:932-40. [PMID: 21962305 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia relates with altered placental vasodilation, and in isolated endothelial cells, it reduces activity of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and l-arginine transport. It has been reported that arginase-2 expression, an alternative pathway for l-arginine metabolism, is increased in adult endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia as well as in pre-eclamptic placentae. We studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) whether hypoxia-reduced NO synthesis results from increased arginase-mediated l-arginine metabolism and changes in subcellular localization of eNOS and arginase-2. In HUVEC exposed (24 h) to 5% (normoxia) or 2% (hypoxia) oxygen, l-arginine transport kinetics, arginase activity (urea assay), and NO synthase (NOS) activity (l-citrulline assay) were determined. Arginase-1, arginase-2 and eNOS expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. Subcellular localization of arginase-2 and eNOS were studied using confocal microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. Experiments were done in absence or presence of S-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine-HCl (BEC, arginase inhibitor) or N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Hypoxia-induced reduction in eNOS activity was associated with a reduction in eNOS phosphorylation at Serine-1177 and increased phosphorylation at Threonine-495. This was paralleled with an induction in arginase-2 expression and activity, and decreased l-arginine transport. In hypoxia the arginase inhibition, restored NO synthesis and l-arginine transport, without changes in the eNOS post-translational modification status. Hypoxia increased arginase-2/eNOS colocalization, and eNOS redistribution to the cell periphery. Altogether these data reinforce the thought that eNOS cell location, post-translational modification and substrate availability are important mechanisms regulating eNOS activity. If these mechanisms occur in pregnancy diseases where feto-placental oxygen levels are reduced remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Prieto
- Perinatology Research Laboratory (PRL), Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Teng RJ, Wu TJ, Bisig CG, Eis A, Pritchard KA, Konduri GG. Nitrotyrosine impairs angiogenesis and uncouples eNOS activity of pulmonary artery endothelial cells isolated from developing sheep lungs. Pediatr Res 2011; 69:112-7. [PMID: 21057377 PMCID: PMC3086583 DOI: 10.1203/pdr.0b013e318204dcb8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infection is known to impair the growth of developing lungs. It is known that plasma free nitrotyrosine (NT) levels can reach 150 μM during sepsis. Free NT incorporates into microtubules and impairs cell function. We hypothesize that free NT perturbs the angiogenic activity of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) in developing lungs. PAEC from fetal lamb lungs were incubated with NT (1-100 μM). We examined the effects of NT on tube formation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and α-tubulin assembly in PAEC. We assessed superoxide anion (O2) and NO levels in PAEC during NT exposure. Effects of NT on endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) were examined with respect to eNOS-dimer formation and the association of eNOS chaperone, heat-shock-protein-90 (hsp90). NT decreased tube formation and increased apoptosis in PAEC. NT also decreased NO levels, increased NOS-dependent O2 generation, and promoted α-tubulin depolymerization. Although NT increased eNOS homodimer formation, it decreased the hsp90 association with eNOS. Our data suggest that increased NT formation during sepsis may uncouple eNOS activity and increase oxidative stress. Because NO plays an important role in angiogenesis and vasodilation, these observations suggest a mechanism for the impaired vasodilation and angiogenesis during sepsis in the developing lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jeng Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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16
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Giustiniani J, Couloubaly S, Baillet A, Pourci ML, Cantaloube I, Fourniat C, Paul JL, Poüs C. Basal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation on Ser(1177) occurs in a stable microtubule- and tubulin acetylation-dependent manner. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3509-20. [PMID: 19632222 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 07/18/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the relationship between the subcellular compartmentalization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and its function in endothelial cells, we addressed the roles of the microtubule network and of its dynamics in organizing Golgi-bound eNOS. We found that part of Golgi-bound eNOS localizes to the trans-Golgi network and/or to trans-Golgi network-derived vesicles and membrane tubules that are organized preferentially by stable microtubules. Also, while most of cellular eNOS was recovered in a detergent-resistant microtubule-enriched subcellular fraction, its recovery was impaired after total microtubule disassembly, but not after selective disassembly of dynamic microtubules or after microtubule stabilization. Basal eNOS phosphorylation on Ser(1177) further required the association of the trans-Golgi network to stable microtubules and was enhanced by microtubule stabilization. We finally show that the involvement of stable microtubules in basal eNOS phosphorylation involved alpha-tubulin acetylation. Microtubule-dependent organization of subcellular eNOS and control over its phosphorylation would thus be essential for endothelial cells to maintain their basal eNOS function.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giustiniani
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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17
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Hennig B, Schultheiss G, Kunzelmann K, Diener M. Ca2+-induced Cl- efflux at rat distal colonic epithelium. J Membr Biol 2008; 221:61-72. [PMID: 18217180 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-007-9078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
With the aid of the halide-sensitive dye 6-methoxy-N-ethylquinolinium iodide (MEQ), changes in intracellular Cl(-) concentration were measured to characterize the role of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels at the rat distal colon. In order to avoid indirect effects of secretagogues mediated by changes in the driving force for Cl(-) exit (i.e., mediated by opening of Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels), all experiments were performed under depolarized conditions, i.e., in the presence of high extracellular K(+) concentrations. The Ca(2+)-dependent secretagogue carbachol induced a stilbene-sensitive Cl(-) efflux, which was mimicked by the Ca(2+) ionophore ionomycin. Surprisingly, the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) efflux was resistant against blockers of classical Ca(2+) signaling pathways such as phospholipase C, protein kinase C and calmodulin. Hence, alternative pathways must be involved in the signaling cascade. One possible signaling molecule seems to be nitric oxide (NO) as the NO donor sodium nitroprusside could induce Cl(- )efflux. Vice versa, the NO synthase inhibitor N-omega-monomethyl-arginine (L: -NMMA) reduced the carbachol-induced Cl(- )efflux. This indicates that NO may be involved in part of the signaling cascade. In order to test the ability of the epithelium to produce NO, the expression of different isoforms of NO synthase was verified by immunohistochemistry. In addition, the cytoskeleton seems to play a role in the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent Cl(-) channels. Inhibitors of microtubule association such as nocodazole and colchicine as well as jasplakinolide, a drug that enhances actin polymerization, inhibited the carbachol-induced Cl(-) efflux. Consequently, the activation of apical Cl(-) channels by muscarinic receptor stimulation differs in signal transduction from the classical phospholipase C/protein kinase C way.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hennig
- Institut für Veterinär-Physiologie, Frankfurter Str. 100, D-35392, Giessen, Germany
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18
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Ryoo S, Lemmon CA, Soucy KG, Gupta G, White AR, Nyhan D, Shoukas A, Romer LH, Berkowitz DE. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein-dependent endothelial arginase II activation contributes to impaired nitric oxide signaling. Circ Res 2006; 99:951-60. [PMID: 17008605 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000247034.24662.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) impairs NO signaling and endothelial function, and contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Arginase reciprocally regulates NO levels in endothelial cells by competing with NO synthase for the substrate l-arginine. In human aortic endothelial cells, OxLDL stimulation increased arginase enzyme activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Arginase activity reached its maximum as early as 5 minutes, was maintained for a period of more than 48 hours, and was associated with a reciprocal decrease in NO metabolite (NOx [nitrite and nitrate]) production. Furthermore, OxLDL induced arginase II mRNA expression after 4 hours. Small interfering RNA targeted to arginase II decreased both the quantity and the activity of arginase from baseline, prevented OxLDL-dependent increases in arginase activity, and induced an increase in NOx production. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed an association of arginase II with the microtubule cytoskeleton. Microtubule disruption with nocodazole caused a dramatic redistribution of arginase II to a diffuse cytosolic pattern, increased arginase activity, and decreased NOx production, which was restored in the presence of the specific arginase inhibitor (S)-(2-boronoethyl)-l-cysteine (BEC). On the other hand, epothilone B prevented microtubule disruption and inhibited OxLDL-dependent increases in arginase activity and attenuated OxLDL-dependent decreases in NOx. Preincubation of rat aortic rings with OxLDL resulted in an increase in arginase activity and a decrease in NOx production. This was reversed by arginase inhibition with the BEC. Thus, OxLDLs increase arginase activity by a sequence of regulatory events that involve early activation through decreased association with microtubules and a later increase in transcription. Furthermore, increased arginase activity contributes to OxLDL-dependent impairment of NOx production. Arginase, therefore, represents a novel target for therapy in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Oess S, Icking A, Fulton D, Govers R, Müller-Esterl W. Subcellular targeting and trafficking of nitric oxide synthases. Biochem J 2006; 396:401-9. [PMID: 16722822 PMCID: PMC1482820 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Unlike most other endogenous messengers that are deposited in vesicles, processed on demand and/or secreted in a regulated fashion, NO (nitric oxide) is a highly active molecule that readily diffuses through cell membranes and thus cannot be stored inside the producing cell. Rather, its signalling capacity must be controlled at the levels of biosynthesis and local availability. The importance of temporal and spatial control of NO production is highlighted by the finding that differential localization of NO synthases in cardiomyocytes translates into distinct effects of NO in the heart. Thus NO synthases belong to the most tightly controlled enzymes, being regulated at transcriptional and translational levels, through co- and post-translational modifications, by substrate availability and not least via specific sorting to subcellular compartments, where they are in close proximity to their target proteins. Considerable efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underlie the intracellular targeting and trafficking of NO synthases, to ultimately understand the cellular pathways controlling the formation and function of this powerful signalling molecule. In the present review, we discuss the mechanisms and triggers for subcellular routing and dynamic redistribution of NO synthases and the ensuing consequences for NO production and action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Oess
- *Institute of Biochemistry II, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ann Icking
- *Institute of Biochemistry II, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Fulton
- †Vascular Biology Center and Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912-2500, U.S.A
| | - Roland Govers
- ‡INSERM U568, Faculté de Médecine, 28, avenue de Valombrose, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Werner Müller-Esterl
- *Institute of Biochemistry II, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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20
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Di Pietro R, Mariggiò MA, Guarnieri S, Sancilio S, Giardinelli A, Di Silvestre S, Consoli A, Zauli G, Pandolfi A. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and its localization within the human vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in culture. J Cell Biochem 2006; 97:782-94. [PMID: 16229016 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation, NOS activity, and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), without inducing apoptotic cell death. Although an important factor that regulates eNOS activity is its localization within the cells, little is known about the role of TRAIL in the regulation of eNOS trafficking among cellular compartments and the cytoskeleton involvement in this machinery. Then, we did both quantitative and semi-quantitative evaluations with biochemical assays and immune fluorescence microscopy in the presence of specific inhibitors of NOS activity as well as of cytoskeletal microtubule structures. In our cellular model, TRAIL treatment not only increased NO levels but also caused a time-dependent NO migration of fluorescent spots from the plasma membrane to the inner part of the cells. In unstimulated cells, most of the eNOS was localized at the cell membranes. However, within 10 min following addition of TRAIL, nearly all the cells showed an increased cytoplasm localization of eNOS which appeared co-localized with the Golgi apparatus at a higher extent than in unstimulated cells. These effects were associated to an increased formation of trans-cytoplasm stress fibers with no significant changes of the microtubule network. Conversely, microtubule disruption and Golgi scattering induced with Nocodazole treatment inhibited TRAIL-increased NOS activity, indicating that, on cultured HUVEC, TRAIL ability to affect NO production by regulating eNOS sub-cellular distribution is mediated by cytoskeleton and Golgi complex modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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21
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Schleicher M, Brundin F, Gross S, Müller-Esterl W, Oess S. Cell cycle-regulated inactivation of endothelial NO synthase through NOSIP-dependent targeting to the cytoskeleton. Mol Cell Biol 2005; 25:8251-8. [PMID: 16135813 PMCID: PMC1234313 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.18.8251-8258.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in vascular function, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Proper subcellular localization of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is crucial for its activity; however, the role of eNOS trafficking for NO biosynthesis remains to be defined. Overexpression of NOS-interacting protein (NOSIP) induces translocation of eNOS from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments, thereby impairing NO production. Here we report that endogenous NOSIP reduces the enzymatic capacity of eNOS, specifically in the G(2) phase of the cell cycle by targeting eNOS to the actin cytoskeleton. This regulation is critically dependent on the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of NOSIP and its cytoplasmic accumulation in the G(2) phase. The predominant nuclear localization of NOSIP depends on a bipartite nuclear localization sequence (NLS) mediating interaction with importin alpha. Mutational destruction of the NLS abolishes nuclear import and interaction with importin alpha. Nuclear export is insensitive to leptomycin B and hence different from the CRM1-dependent default mechanism. Inhibition of NOSIP expression by RNA interference completely abolishes G(2)-specific cytoskeletal association and inhibition of eNOS. These findings describe a novel cell cycle-dependent modulation of endogenous NO levels that are critical to the cell cycle-related actions of NO such as apoptosis or cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schleicher
- Institute for Biochemistry II, University of Frankfurt Medical School, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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22
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Heinrich UR, Selivanova O, Feltens R, Brieger J, Mann W. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase upregulation in the guinea pig organ of Corti after acute noise trauma. Brain Res 2005; 1047:85-96. [PMID: 15890317 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2004] [Revised: 03/23/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) upregulation was identified 60 h after acute noise trauma in morphologically intact cells of the reticular lamina in the organ of Corti of the guinea pig in the second turn of the cochlea. Using gold-coupled anti-eNOS antibodies and electron microscopy, it was shown that eNOS expression was upregulated in all cell areas and cell types except inner hair cells. Furthermore, eNOS was found in the organelle-free cytoplasm and in mitochondria of various cell types. The density of eNOS in mitochondria was considerably higher compared with the surrounding cytoplasm. Since eNOS activity is regulated by calcium, the eNOS detection was combined with calcium precipitation, a method for visualizing intracellular Ca2+ distribution. After acute noise trauma, intracellular Ca2+ was increased in all cell types and cell areas except in outer hair cells. Comparing the distribution patterns of eNOS and calcium, significantly elevated levels (P < 0.0001) of eNOS were detected within a 100 nm radius near calcium precipitates in all cuticular structures as well as microtubule-rich regions and Deiters' cells near Hensen cells. The observed colocalization lends support to the postulated mechanism of eNOS activation by Ca2+. eNOS upregulation after acute noise trauma might therefore be part of an induced stress response. The eNOS upregulation in cell areas with numerous microtubule- and actin-rich structures is discussed with respect to possible cytoskeleton-dependent processes in eNOS regulation.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation
- Actin Cytoskeleton/enzymology
- Actin Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Animals
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/physiology
- Cytoplasm/enzymology
- Cytoplasm/pathology
- Cytoplasm/ultrastructure
- Cytoskeleton/enzymology
- Cytoskeleton/pathology
- Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drosophila melanogaster
- Guinea Pigs
- Hair Cells, Auditory/enzymology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/pathology
- Hair Cells, Auditory/ultrastructure
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/enzymology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/pathology
- Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/physiopathology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Microtubules/enzymology
- Microtubules/pathology
- Microtubules/ultrastructure
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Noise/adverse effects
- Organ of Corti/enzymology
- Organ of Corti/pathology
- Organ of Corti/ultrastructure
- Stress, Physiological/enzymology
- Stress, Physiological/pathology
- Stress, Physiological/physiopathology
- Up-Regulation/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf-Rüdiger Heinrich
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical School, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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23
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Brum CDA, Duarte IDG, Webb RC, Leite R. Disruption of microtubular network attenuates histamine-induced dilation in rat mesenteric vessels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 288:C443-9. [PMID: 15483228 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00130.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic microtubules are important in many cellular homeostatic processes in the cell. They regulate cell shape and movement as well as serving as a network by which vesicles and membrane-bound organelles can travel. Lately, there have been many studies demonstrating that microtubules are involved in regulation of intracellular signaling and, therefore, affect vascular reactivity. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that microtubule disruption attenuates agonist-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Isolated mesenteric arterial bed from normotensive rats was preconstricted with phenylephrine, and dose-response curves for histamine, acetylcholine (ACh), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and pinacidil were performed before and after incubation with nocodazole or colchicine. Treatment of the vascular beds with nocodazole or colchicine significantly attenuated histamine relaxation but did not change the ACh-, SNP-, or pinacidil-induced vasorelaxation. Nocodazole did not cause an additional attenuation of the histamine-mediated dilation in mesenteric vessels in the presence of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, high extracellular K+, or K+channel blockers. These data suggest that disruption of microtubules affects an essential endothelial component of histamine-mediated vasodilation in the mesenteric arterial bed. The mechanism(s) involved in this effect might be related to an impairment of endothelial NO synthesis, which might not be as important for the ACh as for the histamine vasodilator response in rat mesenteric vessels. These results demonstrate the importance of the microtubular system for endothelium-dependent NO-mediated smooth muscle relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Arêdes Brum
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912-3000, USA
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24
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Suzuki S, Bing H, Sugawara T, Matsuda Y, Tabata T, Hoshikawa Y, Saijo Y, Kondo T. Paclitaxel prevents loss of pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity during cold preservation. Transplantation 2004; 78:524-9. [PMID: 15446310 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000131951.72851.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cold preservation is the most practical method to maintain the viability of isolated lungs. However, rapid cooling may affect pulmonary endothelial function. We examined the effects of microtubule stabilization with paclitaxel on pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity under cold temperature. METHODS Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were incubated at 4 degrees C for 2 hr in the presence or absence of paclitaxel (2.5 micromol/L). Microtubules was visualized using immunocytochemical techniques. Ultrasonic attenuation was measured with scanning acoustic microscopy. Endothelial barrier integrity was measured as transendothelial electric resistance. In addition, we examined graft function in a rat lung transplantation model, in which the donor lung had been preserved in the presence of paclitaxel (2.5 micromol/L) at 4 degrees C for 12 hr. RESULTS Low temperature caused a reversible microtubule disassembly, but the structure of microtubules was preserved by paclitaxel. Paclitaxel prevented the cooling-induced decrease in ultrasonic attenuation and transendothelial electric resistance. In a rat transplantation model, we found that preservation with paclitaxel successfully improved the oxygenation performance of the donor lung, which demonstrated only mild congestion and less significant interstitial edema without fluid accumulation in the alveolar spaces. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that microtubule stabilization with paclitaxel may be beneficial to prevent the loss of the endothelial barrier during cold preservation. We conclude that the use of paclitaxel in organ preservation solutions is useful in protecting pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity during cold preservation, thereby reducing the occurrence of early graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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25
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Ortiz PA, Hong NJ, Garvin JL. Luminal flow induces eNOS activation and translocation in the rat thick ascending limb. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2004; 287:F274-80. [PMID: 15068974 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00382.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) acts as an autacoid to inhibit NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (THAL). In the vasculature, shear stress activates eNOS. We hypothesized that increasing luminal flow activates eNOS and enhances NO production in the THAL. We measured NO production by isolated, perfused THALs using a NO-sensitive microelectrode. Increasing luminal flow from 0 to 20 nl/min increased NO production by 43.1 ± 4.1 pA/mm of tubule ( n = 10, P < 0.05), and this response was blunted (92%) by the NOS inhibitor l-ωnitro-methylarginine ( P < 0.05). We studied the effect of flow on eNOS subcellular localization. In the absence of flow, eNOS was diffusely localized throughout the cell (basolateral = 33 ± 4%; middle = 27 ± 3%; apical = 40 ± 4% of total eNOS). Increasing luminal flow induced eNOS translocation to the apical membrane, as evidenced by a 60% increase in eNOS immunoreactivity in the apical membrane (from 40 ± 4 to 65 ± 2%; n = 6; P < 0.05). Disrupting the actin cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D (10 μM) reduced flow-induced NO production by 62% (from 37.1 ± 3.4 to 14.0 ± 2.4 pA/mm tubule, n = 7, P < 0.04) and blocked flow-induced eNOS translocation. Flow also increased the amount of phosphorylated eNOS (Ser1179) at the apical membrane (from 25 ± 2 to 56 ± 2%; P < 0.05). We conclude that increasing luminal flow induces eNOS activation and translocation to the apical membrane in THALs. These are the first data showing that flow regulates eNOS in epithelial cells. This may be an important mechanism for regulation of NO levels in the renal medulla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Ortiz
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Blvd., Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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26
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Nguyen KT, Shaikh N, Wawro D, Zhang S, Schwade ND, Eberhart RC, Tang L. Molecular responses of vascular smooth muscle cells to paclitaxel-eluting bioresorbable stent materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 69:513-24. [PMID: 15127398 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We studied the influence of paclitaxel, eluted from poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), on cultured vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation as a model of bioresorbable stent-induced restenosis. We blended paclitaxel in cast PLLA films (P-PLLA), demonstrating controlled release of the drug, then studied VSMC adhesion, proliferation, and gene expression profiles. No difference in cell adhesion was found between P-PLLA and PLLA controls (105 +/- 12% of PLLA controls). However, P-PLLA significantly reduced VSMC proliferation (40 +/- 15% of PLLA controls, p < 0.05). Using cDNA microarray technology, we identified major effects of P-PLLA, including: upregulation of genes related to apoptosis, anti-proliferation and antioxidation; and suppression of cell cycle regulators and cell survival markers. The expression patterns indicate that P-PLLA regulates gene expression and cell functions via new pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and protein kinase (PKs, e.g., PKA) pathways, in addition to the stabilization of polymerized-microtubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kytai Truong Nguyen
- Joint Program in Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington and The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 76019
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27
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Su Y, Edwards-Bennett S, Bubb MR, Block ER. Regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by the actin cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 284:C1542-9. [PMID: 12734108 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00248.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the association of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with the actin cytoskeleton in pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) was examined. We found that the protein contents of eNOS, actin, and caveolin-1 were significantly higher in the caveolar fraction of plasma membranes than in the noncaveolar fraction of plasma membranes in PAEC. Immunoprecipitation of eNOS from lysates of caveolar fractions of plasma membranes in PAEC resulted in the coprecipitation of actin, and immunoprecipitation of actin from lysates of caveolar fractions resulted in the coprecipitation of eNOS. Confocal microscopy of PAEC, in which eNOS was labeled with fluorescein, F-actin was labeled with Texas red-phalloidin, and G-actin was labeled with deoxyribonuclease I conjugated with Texas red, also demonstrated an association between eNOS and F-actin or G-actin. Incubation of purified eNOS with purified F-actin and G-actin resulted in an increase in eNOS activity. The increase in eNOS activity caused by G-actin was much higher than that caused by F-actin. Incubation of PAEC with swinholide A, an actin filament disruptor, resulted in an increase in eNOS activity, eNOS protein content, and association of eNOS with G-actin and in a decrease in the association of eNOS with F-actin. The increase in eNOS activity was higher than that in eNOS protein content in swinholide A-treated cells. In contrast, exposure of PAEC to phalloidin, an actin filament stabilizer, caused decreases in eNOS activity and association of eNOS with G-actin and increases in association of eNOS with F-actin. These results suggest that eNOS is associated with actin in PAEC and that actin and its polymerization state play an important role in the regulation of eNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Su
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32608-1197, USA.
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André N, Carré M, Brasseur G, Pourroy B, Kovacic H, Briand C, Braguer D. Paclitaxel targets mitochondria upstream of caspase activation in intact human neuroblastoma cells. FEBS Lett 2002; 532:256-60. [PMID: 12459501 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03691-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that paclitaxel acted directly on mitochondria isolated from human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. Here, we demonstrate that the direct mitochondrial effect of paclitaxel observed in vitro is relevant in intact SK-N-SH cells. After a 2 h incubation with 1 microM paclitaxel, the mitochondria were less condensed. Paclitaxel (1 microM, 1-4 h) also induced a 20% increase in respiration rate and a caspase-independent production of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria. The paclitaxel-induced release of cytochrome c was detected only after 24 h of incubation, was caspase-independent and permeability transition pore-dependent. Thus, paclitaxel targets mitochondria upstream of caspase activation, early during the apoptotic process in intact human neuroblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas André
- UMR 6032, University of la Méditerranée, UFR of Pharmacy, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France
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Skidgel RA. Proliferation of regulatory mechanisms for eNOS: an emerging role for the cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 282:L1179-82. [PMID: 12003771 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00045.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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