1
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Roberts JD. Nitric oxide regulation of fetal and newborn lung development and function. Nitric Oxide 2024; 147:13-25. [PMID: 38588917 PMCID: PMC11148871 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the developing lung, nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling are essential in regulating lung formation and vascular tone. Animal studies have linked many anatomical and pathophysiological features of newborn lung disease to abnormalities in the NO/cGMP signaling system. They have demonstrated that driving this system with agonists and antagonists alleviates many of them. This research has spurred the rapid clinical development, testing, and application of several NO/cGMP-targeting therapies with the hope of treating and potentially preventing significant pediatric lung diseases. However, there are instances when the therapeutic effectiveness of these agents is limited. Studies indicate that injury-induced disruption of several critical components within the signaling system may hinder the promise of some of these therapies. Recent research has identified basic mechanisms that suppress NO/cGMP signaling in the injured newborn lung. They have also pinpointed biomarkers that offer insight into the activation of these pathogenic mechanisms and their influence on the NO/cGMP signaling system's integrity in vivo. Together, these will guide the development of new therapies to protect NO/cGMP signaling and safeguard newborn lung development and function. This review summarizes the important role of the NO/cGMP signaling system in regulating pulmonary development and function and our evolving understanding of how it is disrupted by newborn lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services and the Departments of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital - East, 149 13th St, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Markasz L, Mobini-Far H, Sindelar R. Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) expression in the developing human lung. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38331745 PMCID: PMC10851591 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02875-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1) in the basement membrane is an important component during lung development, as suggested from animal models where COL4A1 has been shown to regulate alveolarization and angiogenesis. Less is known about its role in human lung development. Our aim was to study COL4A1 expression in preterm infants with different lung maturational and clinical features. METHODS COL4A1 expression in 115 lung samples from newborn infants (21-41 weeks' gestational age; 0-228 days' postnatal age [PNA]) was studied by immunohistochemistry combined with digital image analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to find subgroups according to immunohistologic and clinical data. RESULTS Patients were automatically categorized into 4 Groups depending on their COL4A1 expression. Expression of COL4A1 was mainly extracellular in Group 1, low in Group 2, intracellular in Group 3, and both extra- and intracellular in Group 4. Intracellular/extracellular ratio of COL4A1 expression related to PNA showed a distinctive postnatal maturational pattern on days 1-7, where intracellular expression of COL4A1 was overrepresented in extremely preterm infants. CONCLUSIONS COL4A1 expression seems to be highly dynamic during the postnatal life due to a possible rapid remodeling of the basement membrane. Intracellular accumulation of COL4A1 in the lungs of extremely premature infants occurs more frequently between 1 and 7 postnatal days than during the first 24 hours. In view of the lung arrest described in extremely preterm infants, the pathological and/or developmental role of postnatally increased intracellular COL4A1 as marker for basement membrane turnover, needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Markasz
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden.
| | - Hamid Mobini-Far
- Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Richard Sindelar
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-751 85, Sweden
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3
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Callaway DA, Penkala IJ, Zhou S, Knowlton JJ, Cardenas-Diaz F, Babu A, Morley MP, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Morrisey EE. TGF-β controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172095. [PMID: 38488000 PMCID: PMC10947970 DOI: 10.1172/jci172095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease disrupting lung health throughout the life of an individual and that is increasing in incidence. The TGF-β superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that TGFbr2 is critical for alveolar epithelial (AT1) cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of TGFbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the necessity of TGFbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGF-β signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGF-β signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A. Callaway
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
| | - Ian J. Penkala
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
| | - Su Zhou
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Knowlton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
| | - Fabian Cardenas-Diaz
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Apoorva Babu
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael P. Morley
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariana Lopes
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Benjamin A. Garcia
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward E. Morrisey
- Penn-CHOP Lung Biology Institute
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, and
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Khan IS, Molina C, Ren X, Auyeung VC, Cohen M, Tsukui T, Atakilit A, Sheppard D. Impaired Myofibroblast Proliferation is a Central Feature of Pathologic Post-Natal Alveolar Simplification. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.21.572766. [PMID: 38187712 PMCID: PMC10769348 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.21.572766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have impaired alveolar gas exchange due to alveolar simplification and dysmorphic pulmonary vasculature. Advances in clinical care have improved survival for infants with BPD, but the overall incidence of BPD remains unchanged because we lack specific therapies to prevent this disease. Recent work has suggested a role for increased transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling and myofibroblast populations in BPD pathogenesis, but the functional significance of each remains unclear. Here, we utilize multiple murine models of alveolar simplification and comparative single-cell RNA sequencing to identify shared mechanisms that could contribute to BPD pathogenesis. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a profound loss of myofibroblasts in two models of BPD and identifies gene expression signatures of increased TGFβ signaling, cell cycle arrest, and impaired proliferation in myofibroblasts. Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches, we find no evidence that increased TGFβ signaling in the lung mesenchyme contributes to alveolar simplification. In contrast, this is likely a failed compensatory response, since none of our approaches to inhibit TGFb signaling protect mice from alveolar simplification due to hyperoxia while several make simplification worse. In contrast, we find that impaired myofibroblast proliferation is a central feature in several murine models of BPD, and we show that inhibiting myofibroblast proliferation is sufficient to cause pathologic alveolar simplification. Our results underscore the importance of impaired myofibroblast proliferation as a central feature of alveolar simplification and suggest that efforts to reverse this process could have therapeutic value in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran S. Khan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
| | - Christopher Molina
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Xin Ren
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Vincent C. Auyeung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Max Cohen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Tatsuya Tsukui
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Amha Atakilit
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
| | - Dean Sheppard
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep, UCSF
- Department of Medicine, UCSF
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5
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Callaway DA, Penkala IJ, Zhou S, Cardenas-Diaz F, Babu A, Morley MP, Lopes M, Garcia BA, Morrisey EE. TGFβ controls alveolar type 1 epithelial cell plasticity and alveolar matrisome gene transcription. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540035. [PMID: 37214932 PMCID: PMC10197675 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Premature birth disrupts normal lung development and places infants at risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a disease increasing in incidence which disrupts lung health throughout the lifespan. The TGFβ superfamily has been implicated in BPD pathogenesis, however, what cell lineage it impacts remains unclear. We show that Tgfbr2 is critical for AT1 cell fate maintenance and function. Loss of Tgfbr2 in AT1 cells during late lung development leads to AT1-AT2 cell reprogramming and altered pulmonary architecture, which persists into adulthood. Restriction of fetal lung stretch and associated AT1 cell spreading through a model of oligohydramnios enhances AT1-AT2 reprogramming. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal the necessity of Tgfbr2 expression in AT1 cells for extracellular matrix production. Moreover, TGFβ signaling regulates integrin transcription to alter AT1 cell morphology, which further impacts ECM expression through changes in mechanotransduction. These data reveal the cell intrinsic necessity of TGFβ signaling in maintaining AT1 cell fate and reveal this cell lineage as a major orchestrator of the alveolar matrisome.
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6
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Goodwin AT, John AE, Joseph C, Habgood A, Tatler AL, Susztak K, Palmer M, Offermanns S, Henderson NC, Jenkins RG. Stretch regulates alveologenesis and homeostasis via mesenchymal Gαq/11-mediated TGFβ2 activation. Development 2023; 150:dev201046. [PMID: 37102682 PMCID: PMC10259661 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar development and repair require tight spatiotemporal regulation of numerous signalling pathways that are influenced by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Mesenchymal cells play key roles in numerous developmental processes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is essential for alveologenesis and lung repair, and the G protein α subunits Gαq and Gα11 (Gαq/11) transmit mechanical and chemical signals to activate TGFβ in epithelial cells. To understand the role of mesenchymal Gαq/11 in lung development, we generated constitutive (Pdgfrb-Cre+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) and inducible (Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) mesenchymal Gαq/11 deleted mice. Mice with constitutive Gαq/11 gene deletion exhibited abnormal alveolar development, with suppressed myofibroblast differentiation, altered mesenchymal cell synthetic function, and reduced lung TGFβ2 deposition, as well as kidney abnormalities. Tamoxifen-induced mesenchymal Gαq/11 gene deletion in adult mice resulted in emphysema associated with reduced TGFβ2 and elastin deposition. Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced TGFβ activation required Gαq/11 signalling and serine protease activity, but was independent of integrins, suggesting an isoform-specific role for TGFβ2 in this model. These data highlight a previously undescribed mechanism of cyclical stretch-induced Gαq/11-dependent TGFβ2 signalling in mesenchymal cells, which is imperative for normal alveologenesis and maintenance of lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Goodwin
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison E. John
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amanda L. Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4238, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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7
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Mižíková I, Thébaud B. Perinatal origins of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-deciphering normal and impaired lung development cell by cell. Mol Cell Pediatr 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 37072570 PMCID: PMC10113423 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-023-00158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial disease occurring as a consequence of premature birth, as well as antenatal and postnatal injury to the developing lung. BPD morbidity and severity depend on a complex interplay between prenatal and postnatal inflammation, mechanical ventilation, and oxygen therapy as well as associated prematurity-related complications. These initial hits result in ill-explored aberrant immune and reparative response, activation of pro-fibrotic and anti-angiogenic factors, which further perpetuate the injury. Histologically, the disease presents primarily by impaired lung development and an arrest in lung microvascular maturation. Consequently, BPD leads to respiratory complications beyond the neonatal period and may result in premature aging of the lung. While the numerous prenatal and postnatal stimuli contributing to BPD pathogenesis are relatively well known, the specific cell populations driving the injury, as well as underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Recently, an effort to gain a more detailed insight into the cellular composition of the developing lung and its progenitor populations has unfold. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding perinatal origin of BPD and discuss underlying mechanisms, as well as novel approaches to study the perturbed lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Mižíková
- Experimental Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - B Thébaud
- Sinclair Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), CHEO Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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8
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Ali S, Rehman MU, Yatoo AM, Arafah A, Khan A, Rashid S, Majid S, Ali A, Ali MN. TGF-β signaling pathway: Therapeutic targeting and potential for anti-cancer immunity. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 947:175678. [PMID: 36990262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic secretory cytokine exhibiting both cancer-inhibitory and promoting properties. It transmits its signals via Suppressor of Mother against Decapentaplegic (SMAD) and non-SMAD pathways and regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, invasion, migration, and apoptosis. In non-cancer and early-stage cancer cells, TGFβ signaling suppresses cancer progression via inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or anti-proliferation, and promoting cell differentiation. On the other hand, TGFβ may also act as an oncogene in advanced stages of tumors, wherein it develops immune-suppressive tumor microenvironments and induces the proliferation of cancer cells, invasion, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Higher TGFβ expression leads to the instigation and development of cancer. Therefore, suppressing TGFβ signals may present a potential treatment option for inhibiting tumorigenesis and metastasis. Different inhibitory molecules, including ligand traps, anti-sense oligo-nucleotides, small molecule receptor-kinase inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors, and vaccines, have been developed and clinically trialed for blocking the TGFβ signaling pathway. These molecules are not pro-oncogenic response-specific but block all signaling effects induced by TGFβ. Nonetheless, targeting the activation of TGFβ signaling with maximized specificity and minimized toxicity can enhance the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against this signaling pathway. The molecules that are used to target TGFβ are non-cytotoxic to cancer cells but designed to curtail the over-activation of invasion and metastasis driving TGFβ signaling in stromal and cancer cells. Here, we discussed the critical role of TGFβ in tumorigenesis, and metastasis, as well as the outcome and the promising achievement of TGFβ inhibitory molecules in the treatment of cancer.
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9
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Kadam AH, Kandasamy K, Buss T, Cederstrom B, Yang C, Narayanapillai S, Rodriguez J, Levin MD, Koziol J, Olenyuk B, Borok Z, Chrastina A, Schnitzer JE. Targeting caveolae to pump bispecific antibody to TGF-β into diseased lungs enables ultra-low dose therapeutic efficacy. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276462. [PMID: 36413536 PMCID: PMC9681080 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The long-sought-after "magic bullet" in systemic therapy remains unrealized for disease targets existing inside most tissues, theoretically because vascular endothelium impedes passive tissue entry and full target engagement. We engineered the first "dual precision" bispecific antibody with one arm pair to precisely bind to lung endothelium and drive active delivery and the other to precisely block TGF-β effector function inside lung tissue. Targeting caveolae for transendothelial pumping proved essential for delivering most of the injected intravenous dose precisely into lungs within one hour and for enhancing therapeutic potency by >1000-fold in a rat pneumonitis model. Ultra-low doses (μg/kg) inhibited inflammatory cell infiltration, edema, lung tissue damage, disease biomarker expression and TGF-β signaling. The prodigious benefit of active vs passive transvascular delivery of a precision therapeutic unveils a new promising drug design, delivery and therapy paradigm ripe for expansion and clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil H. Kadam
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kathirvel Kandasamy
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Tim Buss
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brittany Cederstrom
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chun Yang
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sreekanth Narayanapillai
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Juan Rodriguez
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Levin
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jim Koziol
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bogdan Olenyuk
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Zea Borok
- Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Adrian Chrastina
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jan E. Schnitzer
- Proteogenomics Research Institute for Systems Medicine (PRISM), La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute for Engineering in Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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10
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Eenjes E, Tibboel D, Wijnen RMH, Schnater JM, Rottier RJ. SOX2 and SOX21 in Lung Epithelial Differentiation and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13064. [PMID: 36361852 PMCID: PMC9657681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The lung originates from the ventral foregut and develops into an intricate branched structure of airways, alveoli, vessels and support tissue. As the lung develops, cells become specified and differentiate into the various cell lineages. This process is controlled by specific transcription factors, such as the SRY-related HMG-box genes SOX2 and SOX21, that are activated or repressed through intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Disturbances in any of these processes during the development of the lung may lead to various pediatric lung disorders, such as Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) and Broncho-Pulmonary Dysplasia (BPD). Changes in the composition of the airways and the alveoli may result in reduced respiratory function and eventually lead to chronic lung disorders. In this concise review, we describe different intrinsic and extrinsic cellular processes required for proper differentiation of the epithelium during development and regeneration, and the influence of the microenvironment on this process with special focus on SOX2 and SOX21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Eenjes
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rene M. H. Wijnen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Marco Schnater
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robbert J. Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Mao M, Labelle-Dumais C, Tufa SF, Keene DR, Gould DB. Elevated TGFβ signaling contributes to ocular anterior segment dysgenesis in Col4a1 mutant mice. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:151-173. [PMID: 35525525 PMCID: PMC10410753 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ocular anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) refers to a collection of developmental disorders affecting the anterior structures of the eye. Although a number of genes have been implicated in the etiology of ASD, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms remain unclear. Mutations in genes encoding collagen type IV alpha 1 (COL4A1) and alpha 2 (COL4A2) cause Gould syndrome, a multi-system disorder that often includes ocular manifestations such as ASD and glaucoma. COL4A1 and COL4A2 are abundant basement membrane proteins that provide structural support to tissues and modulate signaling through interactions with other extracellular matrix proteins, growth factors, and cell surface receptors. In this study, we used a combination of histological, molecular, genetic and pharmacological approaches to demonstrate that altered TGFβ signaling contributes to ASD in mouse models of Gould syndrome. We show that TGFβ signaling was elevated in anterior segments from Col4a1 mutant mice and that genetically reducing TGFβ signaling partially prevented ASD. Notably, we identified distinct roles for TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 in ocular defects observed in Col4a1 mutant mice. Importantly, we show that pharmacologically promoting type IV collagen secretion or reducing TGFβ signaling ameliorated ocular pathology in Col4a1 mutant mice. Overall, our findings demonstrate that altered TGFβ signaling contributes to COL4A1-related ocular dysgenesis and implicate this pathway as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Gould syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Mao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Cassandre Labelle-Dumais
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Sara F Tufa
- Shriners Children's, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Douglas R Keene
- Shriners Children's, Micro-Imaging Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Douglas B Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States; Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States.
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12
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Perinatal Hyperoxia and Developmental Consequences on the Lung-Brain Axis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5784146. [PMID: 35251477 PMCID: PMC8894035 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5784146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 11.1% of all newborns worldwide are born preterm. Improved neonatal intensive care significantly increased survival rates over the last decades but failed to reduce the risk for the development of chronic lung disease (i.e., bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)) and impaired neurodevelopment (i.e., encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP)), two major long-term sequelae of prematurity. Premature infants are exposed to relative hyperoxia, when compared to physiological in-utero conditions and, if needed to additional therapeutic oxygen supplementation. Both are associated with an increased risk for impaired organ development. Since the detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the immature retina are known for many years, lung and brain have come into focus in the last decade. Hyperoxia-induced excessive production of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to pulmonary growth restriction and abnormal neurodevelopment, including myelination deficits. Despite a large body of studies, which unraveled important pathophysiological mechanisms for both organs at risk, the majority focused exclusively either on lung or on brain injury. However, considering that preterm infants suffering from BPD are at higher risk for poor neurodevelopmental outcome, an interaction between both organs seems plausible. This review summarizes recent findings regarding mechanisms of hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung and brain injury. We will discuss common pathophysiological pathways, which potentially link both injured organ systems. Furthermore, promises and needs of currently suggested therapies, including pharmacological and regenerative cell-based treatments for BPD and EoP, will be emphasized. Limited therapeutic approaches highlight the urgent need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying detrimental effects of hyperoxia on the lung-brain axis in order to pave the way for the development of novel multimodal therapies, ideally targeting both severe preterm birth-associated complications.
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13
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Zhong Y, Mahoney RC, Khatun Z, Chen HH, Nguyen CT, Caravan P, Roberts JD. Lysyl oxidase regulation and protein aldehydes in the injured newborn lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L204-L223. [PMID: 34878944 PMCID: PMC8794022 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00158.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During newborn lung injury, excessive activity of lysyl oxidases (LOXs) disrupts extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Previous studies indicate that TGFβ activation in the O2-injured mouse pup lung increases lysyl oxidase (LOX) expression. But how TGFβ regulates this, and whether the LOXs generate excess pulmonary aldehydes are unknown. First, we determined that O2-mediated lung injury increases LOX protein expression in TGFβ-stimulated pup lung interstitial fibroblasts. This regulation appeared to be direct; this is because TGFβ treatment also increased LOX protein expression in isolated pup lung fibroblasts. Then using a fibroblast cell line, we determined that TGFβ stimulates LOX expression at a transcriptional level via Smad2/3-dependent signaling. LOX is translated as a pro-protein that requires secretion and extracellular cleavage before assuming amine oxidase activity and, in some cells, reuptake with nuclear localization. We found that pro-LOX is processed in the newborn mouse pup lung. Also, O2-mediated injury was determined to increase pro-LOX secretion and nuclear LOX immunoreactivity particularly in areas populated with interstitial fibroblasts and exhibiting malformed ECM. Then, using molecular probes, we detected increased aldehyde levels in vivo in O2-injured pup lungs, which mapped to areas of increased pro-LOX secretion in lung sections. Increased activity of LOXs plays a critical role in the aldehyde generation; an inhibitor of LOXs prevented the elevation of aldehydes in the O2-injured pup lung. These results reveal new mechanisms of TGFβ and LOX in newborn lung disease and suggest that aldehyde-reactive probes might have utility in sensing the activation of LOXs in vivo during lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,4Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rose C. Mahoney
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zehedina Khatun
- 4Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,5Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,6Division of Health Science Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Howard H. Chen
- 4Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,5Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,6Division of Health Science Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher T. Nguyen
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,4Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,5Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Caravan
- 4Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts,5Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,6Division of Health Science Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts,7The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse D. Roberts
- 1Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,2Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,3Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts,4Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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14
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Ruschkowski BA, Esmaeil Y, Daniel K, Gaudet C, Yeganeh B, Grynspan D, Jankov RP. Thrombospondin-1 Plays a Major Pathogenic Role in Experimental and Human Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 205:685-699. [PMID: 35021035 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202104-1021oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Extremely preterm infants develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung injury that lacks effective treatment. Thrombospondin-1 is an anti-angiogenic protein that activates TGF-β1, a cytokine strongly linked to both experimental and human BPD. OBJECTIVES 1) To examine effects of inhibiting thrombospondin-1-mediated TGF-β1 activation (LSKL) in neonatal rats with bleomycin-induced lung injury, 2) To examine effects of a thrombospondin-1-mimic (ABT-510) on lung morphology, and 3) To determine whether thrombospondin-1 and related signaling peptides are increased in lungs of human preterm infants at risk for BPD. METHODS From postnatal days 1-14, rat pups received daily i.p. bleomycin (1 mg/kg) or vehicle combined with daily s.c. LSKL (20 mg/kg) or vehicle. Separate animals were treated with vehicle or ABT-510 (30 mg/kg/d). Paraffin-embedded lung tissues from 47 autopsies (controls; death <28 days, n=30 and BPD at risk; death ≥28 days, n=17) performed on infants born <29 completed weeks' gestation were semi-quantified for injury markers (collagen, macrophages, 3-nitrotyrosine), thrombospondin-1 and TGF-β1. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Bleomycin or ABT-510 increased lung TGF-β1 activity and macrophage influx, caused pulmonary hypertension and led to alveolar and microvascular hypoplasia. Treatment with LSKL partially prevented abnormal lung morphology secondary to bleomycin. Lungs from human infants at-risk for BPD had increased contents of thrombospondin-1 and TGF-β1 when compared to controls. TGF-β1 content correlated with markers of lung injury. CONCLUSIONS Thrombospondin-1 inhibits alveologenesis in neonatal rats, in part via up-regulated activity of TGF-β1. Observations in human lung suggest a similar pathogenic role for thrombospondin-1 in infants at-risk for BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany Ann Ruschkowski
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 274065, Molecular Biomedicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yousef Esmaeil
- University of Ottawa, Paediatrics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kate Daniel
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 274065, Molecular Biomedicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chantal Gaudet
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 274065, Molecular Biomedicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behzad Yeganeh
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 274065, Molecular Biomedicine, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Grynspan
- University of Ottawa, Paediatrics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Sahni M, Bhandari V. Patho-mechanisms of the origins of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Cell Pediatr 2021; 8:21. [PMID: 34894313 PMCID: PMC8665964 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-021-00129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be one of the most common complications of prematurity, despite significant advancement in neonatology over the last couple of decades. The new BPD is characterized histopathologically by impaired lung alveolarization and dysregulated vascularization. With the increased survival of extremely preterm infants, the risk for the development of BPD remains high, emphasizing the continued need to understand the patho-mechanisms that play a role in the development of this disease. This brief review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the maldevelopment of the premature lung, highlighting recent research in pathways of oxidative stress-related lung injury, the role of placental insufficiency, growth factor signaling, the extracellular matrix, and microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitali Sahni
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Sunrise Children's Hospital, Las Vegas, NV, USA.,University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Neonatology Research Laboratory, Education and Research Building, Cooper University Hospital, One Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
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16
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Bozkaya A, Yurttutan S, Özkars MY, Doğaner A. Respiratory problems in preterm infants with pulmonary hemorrhage. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 35:7505-7510. [PMID: 34384331 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1951207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Pulmonary hemorrhage is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. There are few studies on pulmonary hemorrhage and associated morbidities observed in premature. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between pulmonary hemorrhage and respiratory problems in premature infants. MATERIAL AND METHOD Premature infants aged 25-32 weeks who were born between January 2014 and January 2018 in the neonatal intensive care unit were included to the study. Of these premature infants, 28 were patients diagnosed as pulmonary hemorrhage and 56 were control cases with the same demographic characteristics without pulmonary hemorrhage. From the medical records of infants; clinical course characteristics such as duration of ventilation, duration of oxygen supplementation, hospital stay were detailed. The data was analyzed statistically. RESULTS The duration of mechanical ventilation was significantly longer in the pulmonary bleeding group than in the control group (p: .001). There was a significant difference between the groups in terms of moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the rate of BPD in the pulmonary hemorrhage group was higher than in the control group (17.2%-53.6%; p: .001). In addition, pulmonary hemorrhage group had significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and preterm retinopathy (ROP) rate compared with control group. DISCUSSION This study implicated that, pulmonary hemorrhage is related with respiratory morbidities in preterm infants such as BPD and prolonged respiratory support. At the same time, the other morbidities such as ROP prolonged hospitalization are higher in infants with pulmonary hemorrhage. CONCLUSION In the follow-up of patients with pulmonary hemorrhage, defining respiratory problems and treatment and prophylaxis of comorbid conditions may be planned sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydın Bozkaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Sadık Yurttutan
- Department of Neonatology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yaşar Özkars
- Department of Pediatrics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Adem Doğaner
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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17
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Ali A, Zambrano R, Duncan MR, Chen S, Luo S, Yuan H, Chen P, Benny M, Schmidt A, Young K, Kerr N, de Rivero Vaccari JP, Keane RW, Dietrich WD, Wu S. Hyperoxia-activated circulating extracellular vesicles induce lung and brain injury in neonatal rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8791. [PMID: 33888735 PMCID: PMC8062626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia-induced lung injury plays a key role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), characterized by inflammatory injury and impaired lung development in preterm infants. Although BPD is a predictor of poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, currently it is uncertain how lung injury contributes to brain injury in preterm infants. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures that regulate intercellular and inter-organ communications. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) has emerged as a key executor of inflammasome-mediated cell death and inflammation. In this study, we utilized a neonatal rat model of BPD to assess if hyperoxia stimulates lung release of circulating EVs and if these EVs induce lung and brain injury. We found that hyperoxia-exposed rats had elevated numbers of plasma-derived EVs compared to rats maintained in room air. These EVs also had increased cargos of surfactant protein C, a marker of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC), and the active (p30) form of GSDMD. When these EVs were adoptively transferred into normal newborn rats via intravenous injection, they were taken up both by lung and brain tissues. Moreover, EVs from hyperoxic animals induced not only the pathological hallmarks of BPD, but also brain inflammatory injury in recipient rats, as well as inducing cell death in cultured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and neural stem cells (NSC). Similarly, hyperoxia-exposed cultured AEC-like cells released EVs that also contained increased GSDMD-p30 and these EVs induced pyroptotic cell death in NSC. Overall, these data indicate that hyperoxia-activated circulating EVs mediate a lung to brain crosstalk resulting in brain injury and suggest a mechanism that links lung injury and neurodevelopmental impairment in BPD infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Ali
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Ronald Zambrano
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Matthew R Duncan
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shaoyi Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Shihua Luo
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Huijun Yuan
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Pingping Chen
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Merline Benny
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Augusto Schmidt
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Karen Young
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA
| | - Nadine Kerr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert W Keane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Shu Wu
- Division of Neonatology and Batchelor Children's Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, P. O. Box 016960, Miami, FL, 33101, USA.
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18
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Yang K, Dong W. SIRT1-Related Signaling Pathways and Their Association With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:595634. [PMID: 33693011 PMCID: PMC7937618 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.595634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic and debilitating disease that can exert serious and overwhelming effects on the physical and mental health of premature infants, predominantly due to intractable short- and long-term complications. Oxidative stress is one of the most predominant causes of BPD. Hyperoxia activates a cascade of hazardous events, including mitochondrial dysfunction, uncontrolled inflammation, reduced autophagy, increased apoptosis, and the induction of fibrosis. These events may involve, to varying degrees, alterations in SIRT1 and its associated targets. In the present review, we describe SIRT1-related signaling pathways and their association with BPD. Our intention is to provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms that regulate BPD and identify potential therapeutic targets for this debilitating condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Department of Newborn Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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19
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Gong J, Feng Z, Peterson AL, Carr JF, Vang A, Braza J, Choudhary G, Dennery PA, Yao H. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition during neonatal hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Pathol 2020; 252:411-422. [PMID: 32815166 DOI: 10.1002/path.5534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease in premature infants, results from mechanical ventilation and hyperoxia, amongst other factors. Although most BPD survivors can be weaned from supplemental oxygen, many show evidence of cardiovascular sequelae in adulthood, including pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays an important role in mediating vascular remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Whether hyperoxic exposure, a known mediator of BPD in rodent models, causes EndoMT resulting in vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension remains unclear. We hypothesized that neonatal hyperoxic exposure causes EndoMT, leading to the development of pulmonary hypertension in adulthood. To test this hypothesis, newborn mice were exposed to hyperoxia and then allowed to recover in room air until adulthood. Neonatal hyperoxic exposure gradually caused pulmonary vascular and right ventricle remodeling as well as pulmonary hypertension. Male mice were more susceptible to developing pulmonary hypertension compared to female mice, when exposed to hyperoxia as newborns. Hyperoxic exposure induced EndoMT in mouse lungs as well as in cultured lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMVECs) isolated from neonatal mice and human fetal donors. This was augmented in cultured LMVECs from male donors compared to those from female donors. Using primary mouse LMVECs, hyperoxic exposure increased phosphorylation of both Smad2 and Smad3, but reduced Smad7 protein levels. Treatment with a selective TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 blocked hyperoxia-induced EndoMT in vitro. Altogether, we show that neonatal hyperoxic exposure caused vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension in adulthood. This was associated with increased EndoMT. These novel observations provide mechanisms underlying hyperoxia-induced vascular remodeling and potential approaches to prevent BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension by targeting EndoMT. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Gong
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Zihang Feng
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abigail L Peterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer F Carr
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander Vang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gaurav Choudhary
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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20
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Chen CM, Hwang J, Chou HC, Chen C. Anti-Tn Monoclonal Antibody Attenuates Hyperoxia-Induced Lung Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Neonatal Mice. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:568502. [PMID: 33013407 PMCID: PMC7506044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.568502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immunization with Tn vaccine increases serum anti-Tn antibody titers and attenuates hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal rats. This study determined whether anti-Tn monoclonal antibody can protect against hyperoxia-induced lung injury in neonatal mice. Newborn BALB/c mice were exposed to room air (RA) or normobaric hyperoxia (85% O2) for 1 week, creating four study groups as follows: RA + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), RA + anti-Tn monoclonal antibody, O2 + PBS, and O2 + anti-Tn monoclonal antibody. The anti-Tn monoclonal antibody at 25 μg/g body weight in 50 μl PBS was intraperitoneally injected on postnatal days 2, 4, and 6. Hyperoxia reduced body weight and survival rate, increased mean linear intercept (MLI) and lung tumor necrosis factor-α, and decreased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and vascular density on postnatal day 7. Anti-Tn monoclonal antibody increased neonatal serum anti-Tn antibody titers, reduced MLI and cytokine, and increased VEGF expression and vascular density to normoxic levels. The attenuation of lung injury was accompanied by a reduction in lung oxidative stress and nuclear factor-κB activity. Anti-Tn monoclonal antibody improves alveolarization and angiogenesis in hyperoxia-injured newborn mice lungs through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaulang Hwang
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chinde Chen
- Department of Research and Development, Taivital Biopharmaceutical Co. LTD, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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21
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Interleukin-36 Cytokine/Receptor Signaling: A New Target for Tissue Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186458. [PMID: 32899668 PMCID: PMC7556029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis is a major unresolved medical problem, which impairs the function of various systems. The molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood, which hinders the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Emerging evidence from recent studies indicates that interleukin 36 (IL-36) and the corresponding receptor (IL-36R), a newly-characterized cytokine/receptor signaling complex involved in immune-inflammation, play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in multiple tissues. This review focuses on recent experimental findings, which implicate IL-36R and its associated cytokines in different forms of organ fibrosis. Specifically, it outlines the molecular basis and biological function of IL-36R in normal cells and sums up the pathological role in the development of fibrosis in the lung, kidney, heart, intestine, and pancreas. We also summarize the new progress in the IL-36/IL-36R-related mechanisms involved in tissue fibrosis and enclose the potential of IL-36R inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to combat pro-fibrotic pathologies. Given its high association with disease, gaining new insight into the immuno-mechanisms that contribute to tissue fibrosis could have a significant impact on human health.
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22
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Bonadies L, Zaramella P, Porzionato A, Perilongo G, Muraca M, Baraldi E. Present and Future of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051539. [PMID: 32443685 PMCID: PMC7290764 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common respiratory disorder among infants born extremely preterm. The pathogenesis of BPD involves multiple prenatal and postnatal mechanisms affecting the development of a very immature lung. Their combined effects alter the lung's morphogenesis, disrupt capillary gas exchange in the alveoli, and lead to the pathological and clinical features of BPD. The disorder is ultimately the result of an aberrant repair response to antenatal and postnatal injuries to the developing lungs. Neonatology has made huge advances in dealing with conditions related to prematurity, but efforts to prevent and treat BPD have so far been only partially effective. Seeing that BPD appears to have a role in the early origin of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, its prevention is pivotal also in long-term respiratory outcome of these patients. There is currently some evidence to support the use of antenatal glucocorticoids, surfactant therapy, protective noninvasive ventilation, targeted saturations, early caffeine treatment, vitamin A, and fluid restriction, but none of the existing strategies have had any significant impact in reducing the burden of BPD. New areas of research are raising novel therapeutic prospects, however. For instance, early topical (intratracheal or nebulized) steroids seem promising: they might help to limit BPD development without the side effects of systemic steroids. Evidence in favor of stem cell therapy has emerged from several preclinical trials, and from a couple of studies in humans. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have revealed a reparatory capability, preventing the progression of BPD in animal models. Administering MSC-conditioned media containing extracellular vesicles (EVs) have also demonstrated a preventive action, without the potential risks associated with unwanted engraftment or the adverse effects of administering cells. In this paper, we explore these emerging treatments and take a look at the revolutionary changes in BPD and neonatology on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bonadies
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Patrizia Zaramella
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (P.Z.)
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Perilongo
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Muraca
- Institute of Pediatric Research “Città della Speranza”, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Eugenio Baraldi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.B.); (P.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-3560; Fax: +39-049-821-3502
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23
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Zhong Y, Bry K, Roberts JD. IL-1β dysregulates cGMP signaling in the newborn lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L21-L34. [PMID: 32374672 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00382.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is an important regulator of newborn lung function and development. Although cGMP signaling is decreased in many models of newborn lung injury, the mechanisms are poorly understood. We determined how IL-1β regulates the expression of the α1-subunit of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCα1), a prime effector of pulmonary cGMP signaling. Physiologic levels of IL-1β were discovered to rapidly decrease sGCα1 mRNA expression in a human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (IMR-90 cells) and protein levels in primary mouse pup lung fibroblasts. This sGCα1 expression inhibition appeared to be at a transcriptional level; IL-1β treatment did not alter sGCα1 mRNA stability although it reduced sGCα1 promoter activity. TGFβ-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) was determined to be required for IL-1β's regulation of sGCα1 expression; TAK1 knockdown protected sGCα1 mRNA expression in IL-1β-treated IMR-90 cells. Moreover, heterologously expressed TAK1 was sufficient to decrease sGCα1 mRNA levels in those cells. Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling played a critical role in the IL-1β-TAK1-sGCα1 regulatory pathway; chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated enhanced activated NF-kB subunit (RelA) binding to the sGCα1 promoter after IL-1β treatment unless were treated with an IκB kinase2 inhibitor. Also, this NF-kB signaling inhibition protected sGCα1 expression in IL-1β-treated fibroblasts. Lastly, using transgenic mice in which active IL-1β was conditionally expressed in lung epithelial cells, we established that IL-1β expression is sufficient to stimulate TAK1 and decrease sGCα1 protein expression in the newborn lung. Together these results detail the role and mechanisms by which IL-1β inhibits cGMP signaling in the newborn lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Kristina Bry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Gothenburg and Divison of Neonatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- CVRC - MGH East, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
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24
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Go H, Maeda H, Miyazaki K, Maeda R, Kume Y, Namba F, Momoi N, Hashimoto K, Otsuru S, Kawasaki Y, Hosoya M, Dennery PA. Extracellular vesicle miRNA-21 is a potential biomarker for predicting chronic lung disease in premature infants. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L845-L851. [PMID: 32191117 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00166.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants are often exposed to positive pressure ventilation and supplemental oxygen, which leads to the development of chronic lung disease (CLD). There are currently no standard serum biomarkers used for prediction or early detection of patients who go on to develop CLD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of naturally occurring, short, noncoding substances that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level and cause translational inhibition and/or mRNA degradation and present in body fluids packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs), rendering them remarkably stable. Our aim was to evaluate miRNAs identified in serum EVs of premature infants as potential biomarkers for CLD. Serum EVs were extracted from premature infants at birth and on the 28th day of life (DOL). Using a human miRNA array, we identified 62 miRNAs that were universally expressed in CLD patients and non-CLD patients. Of the 62 miRNAs, 59 miRNAs and 44 miRNAs were differentially expressed on DOL0 and DOL28 in CLD and non-CLD patients, respectively. Of these miRNAs, serum EV miR-21 was upregulated in CLD patients on DOL28 compared with levels at birth and downregulated in non-CLD patients on DOL28 compared with levels at birth. In neonatal mice exposed to hyperoxia for 7days, as a model of CLD, five miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-21, miR-712, miR-682, and miR-221) were upregulated, and 7 miRNAs (miR-542-5p, miR-449a, miR-322, miR-190b, miR-153, miR-335-3p, miR-377) were downregulated. MiR-21 was detected as a common miRNA that changed in CLD patients and in the hyperoxia exposed mice. We conclude that EV miR-21 may be a biomarker of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Go
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hajime Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kyohei Miyazaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Maeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yohei Kume
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Namba
- Department of Pediatrics, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Momoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Hashimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Otsuru
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yukihiko Kawasaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Hosoya
- Department of Pediatrics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Phyllis A Dennery
- Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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25
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Wang X, Cui H, Wu S. CTGF: A potential therapeutic target for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 860:172588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Chen Y, Di C, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang F, Yan JF, Xu C, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li H, Yang H, Zhang H. Transforming growth factor β signaling pathway: A promising therapeutic target for cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1903-1914. [PMID: 31332789 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is part of the transforming growth factor β superfamily which is involved in many physiological processes and closely related to the carcinogenesis. Here, we discuss the TGF-β structure, function, and its canonical Smads signaling pathway. Importantly, TGF-β has been proved that it plays both tumor suppressor as well as an activator role in tumor progression. In an early stage, TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation and is involved in cell apoptosis. In an advanced tumor, TGF-β signaling pathway induces tumor invasion and metastasis through promoting angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and immune escape. Furthermore, we are centered on updated research results into the inhibitors as drugs which have been studied in preclinical or clinical trials in tumor carcinogenesis to prevent the TGF-β synthesis and block its signaling pathways such as antibodies, antisense molecules, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Thus, it is highlighting the crucial role of TGF-β in tumor therapy and may provide opportunities for the new antitumor strategies in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuixia Di
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetian Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Fang Yan
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caipeng Xu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianjing Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Yang
- Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Whitsett JA, Kalin TV, Xu Y, Kalinichenko VV. Building and Regenerating the Lung Cell by Cell. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:513-554. [PMID: 30427276 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique architecture of the mammalian lung is required for adaptation to air breathing at birth and thereafter. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling its morphogenesis provides the framework for understanding the pathogenesis of acute and chronic lung diseases. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing data and high-resolution imaging identify the remarkable heterogeneity of pulmonary cell types and provides cell selective gene expression underlying lung development. We will address fundamental issues related to the diversity of pulmonary cells, to the formation and function of the mammalian lung, and will review recent advances regarding the cellular and molecular pathways involved in lung organogenesis. What cells form the lung in the early embryo? How are cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation regulated during lung morphogenesis? How do cells interact during lung formation and repair? How do signaling and transcriptional programs determine cell-cell interactions necessary for lung morphogenesis and function?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Tanya V Kalin
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Vladimir V Kalinichenko
- Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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28
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Deng S, Zhang H, Han W, Guo C, Deng C. Transforming Growth Factor-β-Neutralizing Antibodies Improve Alveolarization in the Oxygen-Exposed Newborn Mouse Lung. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:106-116. [PMID: 30657417 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal alveolar formation and excessive disordered elastin accumulation are key pathological features in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is an important regulator of the extracellular matrix in the developing lung. To determine if increased TGF-β would injure alveolar development by activating TGF-β signaling and by influencing the expression of elastogenesis-related protein, we performed intraperitoneal injection of newborn mice with the TGF-β-neutralizing antibody 1D11 and observed whether 1D11 had a protective role in the oxygen (O2)-exposed newborn mouse lung. The newborn mice were exposed to 85% O2 for 14 and 21 days. 1D11 was administered by intraperitoneal injection every day from postnatal days 3 to 20. Alveolar morphology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression and distribution of elastin were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The level of TGF-β signaling-related proteins were measured by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot. The expression levels of elastogenesis-related proteins, including tropoelastin, fibulin-5, and neutrophil elastase (NE), which participate in the synthesis, assembly, and degradation of elastin, were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot. In this research, impaired alveolar development and elastin deposition as well as the excessive activation of TGF-β signaling were observed in the newborn mouse lung exposed to hyperoxia. 1D11 improved alveolarization as well as the distribution of elastin in the newborn lung with hyperoxia exposure. The expression levels of tropoelastin, fibulin-5, and NE, which are important components of elastogenesis, were decreased by treatment with 1D11 in the injured newborn lung. These data demonstrate that 1D11 improved alveolarization by blocking the TGF-β signaling pathway and by reducing the abnormal expression of elastogenesis-related proteins in the O2-exposed newborn mouse lung. 1D11 may become a new therapeutic method to prevent the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenli Han
- 2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,4 Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunbao Guo
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,5 Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Center, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chun Deng
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,2 China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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29
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Abstract
Over 50 years after its first description, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) remains a devastating pulmonary complication in preterm infants with respiratory failure and develops in 30-50% of infants less than 1000-gram birth weight. It is thought to involve ventilator- and oxygen-induced damage to an immature lung that results in an inflammatory response and ends in aberrant lung development with dysregulated angiogenesis and alveolarization. Significant morbidity and mortality are associated with this most common chronic lung disease of childhood. Thus, any therapies that decrease the incidence or severity of this condition would have significant impact on morbidity, mortality, human costs, and healthcare expenditure. It is clear that an inflammatory response and the elaboration of growth factors and cytokines are associated with the development of BPD. Numerous approaches to control the inflammatory process leading to the development of BPD have been attempted. This review will examine the anti-inflammatory approaches that are established or hold promise for the prevention or treatment of BPD.
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30
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Olave N, Lal CV, Halloran B, Bhandari V, Ambalavanan N. Iloprost attenuates hyperoxia-mediated impairment of lung development in newborn mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L535-L544. [PMID: 29952221 PMCID: PMC6230878 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00125.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2/PTGS2) mediates hyperoxia-induced impairment of lung development in newborn animals and is increased in the lungs of human infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). COX-2 catalyzes the production of cytoprotective prostaglandins, such as prostacyclin (PGI2), as well as proinflammatory mediators, such as thromboxane A2. Our objective was to determine whether iloprost, a synthetic analog of PGI2, would attenuate hyperoxia effects in the newborn mouse lung. To test this hypothesis, newborn C57BL/6 mice along with their dams were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from 4 to 14 days of age in combination with daily intraperitoneal injections of either iloprost 200 µg·kg-1·day-1, nimesulide (selective COX-2 antagonist) 100 mg·kg-1·day-1, or vehicle. Alveolar development was estimated by radial alveolar counts and mean linear intercepts. Lung function was determined on a flexiVent, and multiple cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were quantitated in lung homogenates. Lung vascular and microvascular morphometry was performed, and right ventricle/left ventricle ratios were determined. We determined that iloprost (but not nimesulide) administration attenuated hyperoxia-induced inhibition of alveolar development and microvascular density in newborn mice. Iloprost and nimesulide both attenuated hyperoxia-induced, increased lung resistance but did not improve lung compliance that was reduced by hyperoxia. Iloprost and nimesulide reduced hyperoxia-induced increases in MPO and some cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) but not others (IL-6 and KC/Gro). There were no changes in pulmonary arterial wall thickness or right ventricle/left ventricle ratios. We conclude that iloprost improves lung development and reduces lung inflammation in a newborn mouse model of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelida Olave
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Brian Halloran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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31
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Du L, Roberts JD. Transforming growth factor-β downregulates sGC subunit expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells via MEK and ERK signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 316:L20-L34. [PMID: 30260287 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00319.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGFβ activation during newborn lung injury decreases the expression of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC)-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), a critical mediator of nitric oxide signaling. Using a rat PASMC line (CS54 cells), we determined how TGFβ downregulates sGC expression. We found that TGFβ decreases sGC expression through stimulating its type I receptor; TGFβ type I receptor (TGFβR1) inhibitors prevented TGFβ-1-mediated decrease in sGCα1 subunit mRNA levels in the cells. However, TGFβR1-Smad mechanisms do not regulate sGC; effective knockdown of Smad2 and Smad3 expression and function did not protect sGCα1 mRNA levels during TGFβ-1 exposure. A targeted small-molecule kinase inhibitor screen suggested that MEK signaling regulates sGC expression in TGFβ-stimulated PASMC. TGFβ activates PASMC MEK/ERK signaling; CS54 cell treatment with TGFβ-1 increased MEK and ERK phosphorylation in a biphasic, time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MEK/ERK activity appears to be required for TGFβ-mediated sGC expression inhibition in PASMC; MEK and ERK inhibitors protected sGCα1 mRNA expression in TGFβ-1-treated CS54 cells. Nuclear ERK activity is sufficient for sGC regulation; heterologous expression of a nucleus-retained, constitutively active ERK2-MEK1 fusion protein decreased CS54 cell sGCα1 mRNA levels. The in vivo relevance of this TGFβ-MEK/ERK-sGC downregulation pathway is suggested by the detection of ERK activation and sGCα1 protein expression downregulation in TGFβ-associated mouse pup hyperoxic lung injury, and the determination that ERK decreases sGCα1 protein expression in TGFβ-1-treated primary PASMC obtained from mouse pups. These studies identify MEK/ERK signaling as an important pathway by which TGFβ regulates sGC expression in PASMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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32
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Lipoxin A 4 Attenuates Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia via Upregulation of Let-7c and Downregulation of TGF-β 1 Signaling Pathway. Inflammation 2018; 40:2094-2108. [PMID: 28819748 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0649-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are key regulators for lung development and progress of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The mechanisms by which lipoxin A4 (LXA4) attenuates development of BPD have not been clarified. Neonatal murine BPD models were inducted by hyperoxia treatment. Neonatal mice were exposed to room air or 85% O2 hyperoxia with or without treatment with 5S,6R-methyl-LXA4 or anti-TGF-β antibodies. Mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12 cells) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3 cells) were cultured in room air or 85% O2 followed by treatment of LXA4, anti-TGF-β antibodies, and let-7c mimic/anti-microRNA transfections. Treatment with 5S,6R-methyl-LXA4 and anti-TGF-β antibodies both attenuated the mice alveolar simplification induced by hyperoxia. Hyperoxia treatment significantly altered pulmonary basal mRNA and protein expressions of several important extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM remodeling proteins including fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), elastin, tenascin C, collagen I, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). 5S,6R-methyl-LXA4 and anti-TGF-β antibodies suppressed the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1 and TGF-βR1 but not TGF-βR2 in the lungs exposed to hyperoxia. Treatment with LXA4 and anti-TGF-β antibodies alleviated hyperoxia-induced injury of the NIH/3T3 cells identified by morphologic observation and flow cytometry, and expressions of ECM, ECM remodeling proteins, and TGF-β1 signaling pathway, but reversed by transfection with let-7c anti-miRNA. LXA4 upregulated the let-7c expression in MLE-12 cells, transfection with let-7c anti-miRNA, inhibited the LXA4-induced let-7c expression in MLE-12 cells exposed to hyperoxia and reduced the relative luciferase activity of let-7c binding with let-7c binding sites of the TGF-βR1 3' UTR. Treatment with 5S,6R-methyl-LXA4 and anti-TGF-β antibodies significantly improved histology, ECM, and ECM remodeling proteins in the lungs isolated from the murine BPD model induced by hyperoxia. The LXA4-imparted protective effects on hyperoxia-induced lung injury are mediated by upregulation of let-7c and inhibition of TGF-β1 and subsequent downregulation of TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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33
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Sun Y, Fu J, Xue X, Yang H, Wu L. BMP7 regulates lung fibroblast proliferation in newborn rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:6277-6284. [PMID: 29512787 PMCID: PMC5928605 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 7 in a newborn rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and the biological effects of BMP7 on newborn rat lung fibroblast (LF) cells. For this purpose, a total of 196 newborn rats were randomly and equally assigned to a model group and a control group. Lung tissue was collected at days 3, 7, 14 and 21 for histological analysis. The location and expression of BMP7 was examined by immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) analysis. A total of 38 full‑term newborn rats on the day of birth were sacrificed and LF cells were isolated and treated with BMP7. The biological effects of BMP7 on LF cells were assessed by cell proliferation and cell cycle analysis. The findings demonstrated that abnormal alveolar development due to BPD was gradually intensified in the model group over time. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the location of BMP7 in lung tissue was altered. Immunohistochemistry and RT‑qPCR assays demonstrated a gradual decrease in BMP7 expression in the model group induced by hyperoxia. MTT assays demonstrated that BMP7 inhibited LF cells and the inhibitory effect was dose‑dependent and time‑dependent. Flow cytometry revealed that the inhibitory effect of BMP7 in LF cells was causing cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. The present study demonstrated that BMP7 may serve an important role in alveolar development in a BPD model. BMP7 may be involved in abnormal alveolar development through the regulation of LF proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Grunwell JR, Yeligar SM, Stephenson S, Ping XD, Gauthier TW, Fitzpatrick AM, Brown LAS. TGF-β1 Suppresses the Type I IFN Response and Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alveolar Macrophages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:2115-2128. [PMID: 29427413 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is a pleiotropic cytokine with an established role in fibrosis; however, the immunosuppressive effects of TGF-β1 are less characterized. Elevated levels of TGF-β1 are found in patients with acute and chronic lung diseases, and the underlying disease processes are exacerbated by respiratory viral infections. The alveolar macrophage is the first line of cellular defense against respiratory viral infections, and its response to infections is dependent on environmental cues. Using the mouse alveolar macrophage line, MH-S, and human CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages, we examined the effects of TGF-β1 on the type I IFN antiviral response, macrophage polarization, and mitochondrial bioenergetics following a challenge with human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Our results showed that TGF-β1 treatment of macrophages decreased the antiviral and proinflammatory response, and suppressed basal, maximal, spare mitochondrial respiration, and mitochondrial ATP production. Challenge with RSV following TGF-β1 treatment further exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction. The TGF-β1 and TGF-β1+RSV-treated macrophages had a higher frequency of apoptosis and diminished phagocytic capacity, potentially through mitochondrial stress. Disruption of TGF-β1 signaling or rescue of mitochondrial respiration may be novel therapeutically targetable pathways to improve macrophage function and prevent secondary bacterial infections that complicate viral respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Grunwell
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; .,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033
| | - Susan Stephenson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Xiao Du Ping
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Theresa W Gauthier
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anne M Fitzpatrick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Lou Ann S Brown
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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Nakanishi H, Morikawa S, Kitahara S, Yoshii A, Uchiyama A, Kusuda S, Ezaki T. Morphological characterization of pulmonary microvascular disease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia caused by hyperoxia in newborn mice. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 51:166-175. [DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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LaGrandeur RG, Singhal M, Bany-Mohammed F, Uy C, Koeppel R, Zaldivar F, Haddad F, Nalbandian A, Donovan P, Cooper DM, Aslam M. Pilot feasibility study to detect mesenchymal stem cell biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the tracheal aspirate fluid of preterm infants. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2018; 11:1-10. [PMID: 29689740 DOI: 10.3233/npm-181722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to detect novel mesenchymal stem cell peptides/biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the tracheal aspirate fluid (TAF) of preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN Participants included infants less than 32 weeks' gestational age or birth weight under 1500 grams who required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation within first 24 hours of life. TAF sample collection was performed at the time of the first clinically indicated routine suctioning. Standardization curves for human levels of osteopontin (Opn), macrophage colony stimulating factor 1 (Csf1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) were generated for 15 enrolled participants. RESULTS We demonstrated that stem cell biomarkers are secreted into the TAF of preterm infants and their concentrations can be easily measured during the first week of life. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are warranted to determine a causal relationship between these biomarkers and BPD development and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G LaGrandeur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Singhal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Bany-Mohammed
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - C Uy
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Koeppel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Zaldivar
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - F Haddad
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - A Nalbandian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - P Donovan
- Department of Developmental and Cellular Biology and of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - D M Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - M Aslam
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Dietz RM, Wright CJ. Oxidative stress diseases unique to the perinatal period: A window into the developing innate immune response. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 79:e12787. [PMID: 29194835 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system has evolved to play an integral role in the normally developing lung and brain. However, in response to oxidative stress, innate immunity, mediated by specific cellular and molecular programs and signaling, contributes to pathology in these same organ systems. Despite opposing drivers of oxidative stress, namely hyperoxia in neonatal lung injury and hypoxia/ischemia in neonatal brain injury, similar pathways-including toll-like receptors, NFκB and MAPK cascades-have been implicated in tissue damage. In this review, we consider recent insights into the innate immune response to oxidative stress in both neonatal and adult models to better understand hyperoxic lung injury and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury across development and aging. These insights support the development of targeted immunotherapeutic strategies to address the challenge of harnessing the innate immune system in oxidative stress diseases of the neonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Dietz
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Clyde J Wright
- Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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38
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Oak P, Hilgendorff A. The BPD trio? Interaction of dysregulated PDGF, VEGF, and TGF signaling in neonatal chronic lung disease. Mol Cell Pediatr 2017; 4:11. [PMID: 29116547 PMCID: PMC5676585 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-017-0076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of neonatal chronic lung disease (nCLD), i.e., bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants, significantly determines long-term outcome in this patient population. Risk factors include mechanical ventilation and oxygen toxicity impacting on the immature lung resulting in impaired alveolarization and vascularization. Disease development is characterized by inflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and apoptosis, closely intertwined with the dysregulation of growth factor signaling. This review focuses on the causes and consequences of altered signaling in central pathways like transforming growth factor (TGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) driving these above indicated processes, i.e., inflammation, matrix remodeling, and vascular development. We emphasize the shared and distinct role of these pathways as well as their interconnection in disease initiation and progression, generating important knowledge for the development of future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajakta Oak
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Hilgendorff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, University Hospital of the University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Center Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
- Center for Comprehensive Developmental Care, Dr. von Haunersches Children's Hospital University, Hospital Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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39
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Alvira CM, Morty RE. Can We Understand the Pathobiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia? J Pediatr 2017; 190:27-37. [PMID: 29144252 PMCID: PMC5726414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Alvira
- Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94305
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center campus of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany,Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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40
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Pozarska A, Morty RE. A Tale of Two Endoglins: How Does Tail-Less Soluble Endoglin Deregulate Lung Development? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:388-390. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0211ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Pozarska
- Department of Lung Development and RemodellingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim, Germanyand
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung ResearchGiessen, Germany
| | - Rory E. Morty
- Department of Lung Development and RemodellingMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchBad Nauheim, Germanyand
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology)University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung ResearchGiessen, Germany
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41
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Surate Solaligue DE, Rodríguez-Castillo JA, Ahlbrecht K, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of late lung development and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L1101-L1153. [PMID: 28971976 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly generates a steep gas diffusion concentration gradient. As such, the lung is perfectly structured to undertake the function of gas exchange: a large number of small alveoli provide extensive surface area within the limited volume of the lung, and a delicate alveolo-capillary barrier brings circulating blood into close proximity to the inspired air. Efficient movement of inspired air and circulating blood through the conducting airways and conducting vessels, respectively, generates steep oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients across the alveolo-capillary barrier, providing ideal conditions for effective diffusion of both gases during breathing. The development of the gas exchange apparatus of the lung occurs during the second phase of lung development-namely, late lung development-which includes the canalicular, saccular, and alveolar stages of lung development. It is during these stages of lung development that preterm-born infants are delivered, when the lung is not yet competent for effective gas exchange. These infants may develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a syndrome complicated by disturbances to the development of the alveoli and the pulmonary vasculature. It is the objective of this review to update the reader about recent developments that further our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and vascularization and the pathogenesis of BPD and other neonatal lung diseases that feature lung hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Alberto Rodríguez-Castillo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Ahlbrecht
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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42
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Yang H, Fu J, Yao L, Hou A, Xue X. Runx3 is a key modulator during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of alveolar type II cells in animal models of BPD. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1466-1476. [PMID: 28949375 PMCID: PMC5627869 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major challenge for premature infants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously reported that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar type II (AT2) epithelial cells influences the normal alveolar development process. In this study, we wished to examine whether Runx3 is an important factor for BPD by regulating EMT in AT2 cells. In vivo, animal models of BPD were established by placing newborn rats in hyperoxia tanks. Lung tissue and isolated AT2 cells were collected on different days following exposure to oxygen. The pathological changes in lung tissue, alveolar development and Runx3 expression were then investigated. In vitro, RLE-6TN cells were divided into 5 groups as follows: the cont-rol, Runx3, siRunx3, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Runx3 + TGF-β1 groups, and the biomarkers of EMT were investigated. In the newborn rat model of BPD, Runx3 protein and mRNA levels in both lung tissue and BPD-derived AT2 cells were significantly lower than those in the control group. The correlation between Runx3 protein expression and pulmonary development indicators was analyzed; Runx3 expression positively correlated with the radial alveolar count (RAC) and the percentage of smooth muscle actin-positive secondary septa, but negatively correlated with alveolar wall thickness. EMT was observed in the RLE-6TN cells in which the Runx3 gene was knocked down and follwoing TGF-β1‑induced EMT stimulation; however, TGF-β1 failed to induce EMT in the RLE-6TN cells overexpressing Runx3. On the whole, our data indicte that low Runx3 levels may promote EMT, while high Runx3 levels inhibit TGF-β1-induced EMT. Therefore, we predict that low levels of Runx3 in BPD lung tissue may promote EMT in AT2 cells, thus affecting alveolar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Ana Hou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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43
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Chen X, Orriols M, Walther FJ, Laghmani EH, Hoogeboom AM, Hogen-Esch ACB, Hiemstra PS, Folkerts G, Goumans MJTH, Ten Dijke P, Morrell NW, Wagenaar GTM. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Protects against Neonatal Hyperoxia-Induced Impairment of Alveolarization and Pulmonary Inflammation. Front Physiol 2017; 8:486. [PMID: 28751863 PMCID: PMC5507999 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Effective treatment of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is lacking. We hypothesize that bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), a ligand of the TGF-β family that binds to the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1)-BMP receptor type 2 (BMPR2) receptor complex, may be a novel therapeutic option for BPD. Therefore, we investigated the cardiopulmonary effects of BMP9 in neonatal Wistar rats with hyperoxia-induced BPD. Methods: Directly after birth Wistar rat pups were exposed to 100% oxygen for 10 days. From day 2 rat pups received BMP9 (2.5 μg/kg, twice a day) or 0.9% NaCl by subcutaneous injection. Beneficial effects of BMP9 on aberrant alveolar development, lung inflammation and fibrosis, and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were investigated by morphometric analysis and cytokine production. In addition, differential mRNA expression of BMP9 and its receptor complex: ALK1, BMPR2, and Endoglin, and of the ALK1 downstream target transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) were studied during the development of experimental BPD. Expression of the BMP9 receptor complex and TMEM100 was studied in human endothelial and epithelial cell cultures and the effect of BMP9 on inflammatory cytokine production and TMEM100 expression was studied in endothelial cell cultures. Results:ALK1, ALK2, BMPRII, TMEM100, and Endoglin were differentially expressed in experimental BPD, suggesting a role for BMP9-dependent signaling in the development of (experimental) BPD. TMEM100 was expressed in the wall of blood vessels, showing an elastin-like expression pattern in arterioles. Expression of TMEM100 mRNA and protein was decreased after exposure to hyperoxia. BMP9 treatment of rat pups with hyperoxia-induced experimental BPD reduced alveolar enlargement, lung septal thickness and fibrosis, and prevented inflammation, but did not attenuate vascular remodeling and RVH. The anti-inflammatory effect of BMP9 was confirmed in vitro. Highest expression of ALK1, BMPR2, and TMEM100 was observed in human endothelial cell cultures. Stimulation of human endothelial cell cultures with BMP9 reduced their pro-inflammatory cytokine response and induced TMEM100 expression in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Conclusion: BMP9 protects against neonatal hyperoxia-induced BPD by improving aberrant alveolar development, inflammation and fibrosis, demonstrating its therapeutic potential for premature infants with severe BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Chen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Mar Orriols
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Frans J Walther
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical CenterTorrance, CA, United States
| | - El Houari Laghmani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M Hoogeboom
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne C B Hogen-Esch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José T H Goumans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Cancer Genomics Center Netherlands, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas W Morrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's and Papworth HospitalsCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gerry T M Wagenaar
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
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Zhang H, Du L, Zhong Y, Flanders KC, Roberts JD. Transforming growth factor-β stimulates Smad1/5 signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts of the newborn mouse through ALK1. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28642261 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00079.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular signaling mechanisms through which TGF-β regulates pulmonary development are incompletely understood. Canonical TGF-β signaling involves Smad2/3 phosphorylation, Smad2/3·Smad4 complex formation and nuclear localization, and gene regulation. Here, we show that physiologically relevant TGF-β1 levels also stimulate Smad1/5 phosphorylation, which is typically a mediator of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, in mouse pup pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (mPASMC) and lung fibroblasts and other interstitial lung cell lines. This cross-talk mechanism likely has in vivo relevance because mixed Smad1/5/8·Smad2/3 complexes, which are indicative of TGF-β-stimulated Smad1/5 activation, were detected in the developing mouse lung using a proximity ligation assay. Although mixed Smad complexes have been shown not to transduce nuclear signaling, we determined that TGF-β stimulates nuclear localization of phosphorylated Smad1/5 and induces the expression of prototypical BMP-regulated genes in the mPASMC. Small-molecule kinase inhibitor studies suggested that TGF-β-regulated Smad1/5 phosphorylation in these cells is mediated by TGF-β-type I receptors, not BMP-type I receptors, but possibly the accessory activin-like kinase (ALK1) receptor. Although work by others suggested that ALK1 is expressed exclusively in endothelial cells in the vasculature, we detected ALK1 mRNA and protein expression in mPASMC in vitro and in mouse pup lungs. Moreover, using an antimurine ALK1 antibody and mPASMC, we determined that ALK1 regulates Smad1/5 phosphorylation by TGF-β. Together, these studies characterize an accessory TGF-β-stimulated BMP R-Smad signaling mechanism in interstitial cells of the developing lung. They also indicate the importance of considering alternate Smad pathways in studies directed at determining how TGF-β regulates newborn lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lili Du
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ying Zhong
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathleen C Flanders
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Jesse D Roberts
- Cardiovascular Research Center of the General Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; .,Department of Anesthesia and the Division of Newborn Medicine in the Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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45
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Collins JJP, Tibboel D, de Kleer IM, Reiss IKM, Rottier RJ. The Future of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Emerging Pathophysiological Concepts and Potential New Avenues of Treatment. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:61. [PMID: 28589122 PMCID: PMC5439211 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Yearly more than 15 million babies are born premature (<37 weeks gestational age), accounting for more than 1 in 10 births worldwide. Lung injury caused by maternal chorioamnionitis or preeclampsia, postnatal ventilation, hyperoxia, or inflammation can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), one of the most common adverse outcomes in these preterm neonates. BPD patients have an arrest in alveolar and microvascular development and more frequently develop asthma and early-onset emphysema as they age. Understanding how the alveoli develop, and repair, and regenerate after injury is critical for the development of therapies, as unfortunately there is still no cure for BPD. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of emerging new concepts in the understanding of perinatal lung development and injury from a molecular and cellular point of view and how this is paving the way for new therapeutic options to prevent or treat BPD, as well as a reflection on current treatment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J P Collins
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ismé M de Kleer
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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46
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Rath P, Nardiello C, Surate Solaligue DE, Agius R, Mižíková I, Hühn S, Mayer K, Vadász I, Herold S, Runkel F, Seeger W, Morty RE. Caffeine administration modulates TGF-β signaling but does not attenuate blunted alveolarization in a hyperoxia-based mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2017; 81:795-805. [PMID: 28141790 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is widely used to manage apnea of prematurity, and reduces the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Deregulated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling underlies arrested postnatal lung maturation in BPD. It is unclear whether caffeine impacts TGF-β signaling or postnatal lung development in affected lungs. METHODS The impact of caffeine on TGF-β signaling in primary mouse lung fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial type II cells was assessed in vitro. The effects of caffeine administration (25 mg/kg/d for the first 14 d of postnatal life) on aberrant lung development and TGF-β signaling in vivo was assessed in a hyperoxia (85% O2)-based model of BPD in C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS Caffeine downregulated expression of type I and type III TGF-β receptors, and Smad2; and potentiated TGF-β signaling in vitro. In vivo, caffeine administration normalized body mass under hyperoxic conditions, and normalized Smad2 phosphorylation detected in lung homogenates; however, caffeine administration neither improved nor worsened lung structure in hyperoxia-exposed mice, in which postnatal lung maturation was blunted. CONCLUSION Caffeine modulated TGF-β signaling in vitro and in vivo. Caffeine administration was well-tolerated by newborn mice, but did not influence the course of blunted postnatal lung maturation in a hyperoxia-based experimental mouse model of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rath
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - David E Surate Solaligue
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ronald Agius
- Department of Forensic and Clinical Toxicology, Labor Krone, Bad Salzuflen, Germany
| | - Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hühn
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - István Vadász
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Frank Runkel
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen-University of Applied Sciences, Giessen, Germany.,Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
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47
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de Wijs-Meijler DP, Duncker DJ, Tibboel D, Schermuly RT, Weissmann N, Merkus D, Reiss IK. Oxidative injury of the pulmonary circulation in the perinatal period: Short- and long-term consequences for the human cardiopulmonary system. Pulm Circ 2017; 7:55-66. [PMID: 28680565 PMCID: PMC5448552 DOI: 10.1086/689748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the pulmonary circulation is a complex process with a spatial pattern that is tightly controlled. This process is vulnerable for disruption by various events in the prenatal and early postnatal periods. Disruption of normal pulmonary vascular development leads to abnormal structure and function of the lung vasculature, causing neonatal pulmonary vascular diseases. Premature babies are especially at risk of the development of these diseases, including persistent pulmonary hypertension and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Reactive oxygen species play a key role in the pathogenesis of neonatal pulmonary vascular diseases and can be caused by hyperoxia, mechanical ventilation, hypoxia, and inflammation. Besides the well-established short-term consequences, exposure of the developing lung to injurious stimuli in the perinatal period, including oxidative stress, may also contribute to the development of pulmonary vascular diseases later in life, through so-called "fetal or perinatal programming." Because of these long-term consequences, it is important to develop a follow-up program tailored to adolescent survivors of neonatal pulmonary vascular diseases, aimed at early detection of adult pulmonary vascular diseases, and thereby opening the possibility of early intervention and interfering with disease progression. This review focuses on pathophysiologic events in the perinatal period that have been shown to disrupt human normal pulmonary vascular development, leading to neonatal pulmonary vascular diseases that can extend even into adulthood. This knowledge may be particularly important for ex-premature adults who are at risk of the long-term consequences of pulmonary vascular diseases, thereby contributing disproportionately to the burden of adult cardiovascular disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne P. de Wijs-Meijler
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems (ECCPS), Department of Internal Medicine, Members of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary Systems (ECCPS), Department of Internal Medicine, Members of the German Center for Lung Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Irwin K.M. Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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48
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Nardiello C, Mižíková I, Morty RE. Looking ahead: where to next for animal models of bronchopulmonary dysplasia? Cell Tissue Res 2016; 367:457-468. [PMID: 27917436 PMCID: PMC5320021 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common complication of preterm birth, with appreciable morbidity and mortality in a neonatal intensive care setting. Much interest has been shown in the identification of pathogenic pathways that are amenable to pharmacological manipulation (1) to facilitate the development of novel therapeutic and medical management strategies and (2) to identify the basic mechanisms of late lung development, which remains poorly understood. A number of animal models have therefore been developed and continue to be refined with the aim of recapitulating pathological pulmonary hallmarks noted in lungs from neonates with BPD. These animal models rely on several injurious stimuli, such as mechanical ventilation or oxygen toxicity and infection and sterile inflammation, as applied in mice, rats, rabbits, pigs, lambs and nonhuman primates. This review addresses recent developments in modeling BPD in experimental animals and highlights important neglected areas that demand attention. Additionally, recent progress in the quantitative microscopic analysis of pathology tissue is described, together with new in vitro approaches of value for the study of normal and aberrant alveolarization. The need to examine long-term sequelae of damage to the developing neonatal lung is also considered, as is the need to move beyond the study of the lungs alone in experimental animal models of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Nardiello
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ivana Mižíková
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodelling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Parkstrasse 1, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany.
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49
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Donahoe PK, Longoni M, High FA. Polygenic Causes of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Produce Common Lung Pathologies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:2532-43. [PMID: 27565037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is one of the most common and lethal congenital anomalies, and significant evidence is available in support of a genetic contribution to its etiology, including single-gene knockout mice associated with diaphragmatic defects, rare monogenetic disorders in humans, familial aggregation, and association of CDH with chromosomal abnormalities. Structural lung defects in the form of lung hypoplasia are almost invariably seen in patients with CDH and frequently in animal models of this condition. Better understanding of the mechanisms of pulmonary defects in CDH has the potential for creating targeted therapies, particularly in postnatal stages, when therapeutics can have maximum clinical impact on the surviving cohorts. Successful treatment of CDH is dependent on the integration of human genomic and genetic data with developmental expression profiling, mouse knockouts, and gene network and pathway modeling, which have generated a large number of candidate genes and pathways for follow-up studies. In particular, defective alveolarization appears to be a common and potentially actionable phenotype in both patients and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Mauro Longoni
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Frances A High
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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50
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Abstract
Fibrosis occurs in systemic tissues other than the brain and finally induces dysfunction of the fibrotic organ. Kidney fibrosis is related to scarring after acute kidney injury and the progression of chronic kidney disease. Kidney function decreases with the progression of kidney fibrosis. As fibrotic tissue cannot return to its original status, advanced kidney fibrosis requires the administration of dialysis or kidney transplantation. Thus, elucidation the mechanism of kidney fibrosis is an important research theme. The proliferation and activation of (myo) fibroblasts and the excessive production of an extracellular matrix are common mechanisms in fibrosis in many organs, but it seems that kidney fibrosis has specific pathways. Tubular epithelial, mesangial cells, and erythropoietin producing cells, which exist only in the kidney, participate in forming kidney fibrosis. This review highlights an understanding of the cells and their underlying mechanisms, which are specific to kidney fibrosis process: transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epithelial-mesenchymal transition, wingless/int-1 (WNT) signaling, renal anemia, and uremia. Finally, we describe potential therapies that focus on the mechanisms of kidney fibrosis: anti-TGF-β antibody and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
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