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Gagnani R, Srivastava M, Suri M, Singh H, Shanker Navik U, Bali A. A focus on c-Jun-N-terminal kinase signaling in sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 143:113552. [PMID: 39536486 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.113552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a widespread inflammatory response to infection, inevitably leading to multiple organ dysfunctions. Extensive research, both in vivo and in vitro, has revealed key factors contributing to sepsis, such as apoptosis, inflammation, cytokine release, oxidative stress, and systemic stress. The changes observed during sepsis-induced conditions are mainly attributed to altered signal transduction pathways, which play a critical role in cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. C-Jun N-terminal kinases, JNKs, and serine/threonine protein kinases in the mitogen-activated super family have gained considerable interest for their contribution to cellular events under sepsis conditions. JNK1 and JNK2 are present in various tissues like the lungs, liver, and intestine, while JNK3 is found in neurons. The JNK pathway plays a crucial role in the signal transduction of cytokines related to sepsis development, notably TNF-α and IL-1β. Activated JNK leads to apoptosis, causing tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Further, JNK activation is significant in several inflammatory conditions. Pharmacologically inhibiting JNK has been shown to prevent sepsis-associated damage across multiple organs, including the lungs, liver, intestines, heart, and kidneys. Multiple signaling pathways have been implicated in sepsis, including JNK/c-Myc, Mst1-JNK, MKK4-JNK, JNK-dependent autophagy, and Sirt1/FoxO3a. The review examines the role of JNK signaling in the development of sepsis-induced multiple-organ dysfunction through specific mechanisms. It also discusses different therapeutic approaches to target JNK. This review emphasizes the potential of JNKs as targets for the development of therapeutic agents for sepsis and the associated specific organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Gagnani
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
| | - Mukul Srivastava
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Manisha Suri
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Harshita Singh
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Uma Shanker Navik
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, India.
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Chen Y, Villani C, Ganapathy A, George A. Transcriptome profiling of DPP stimulated DPSCs identifies the role of autophagy in odontogenic differentiation. J Struct Biol 2024; 216:108134. [PMID: 39389242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2024.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Dentin phosphophoryn (DPP), synthesized and processed predominantly by the odontoblasts, serves both a structural and signaling role in dentin. In the ECM, DPP functions as an avid calcium and collagen binding protein and it also plays a crucial role as a scaffold for cell attachment and survival. The signaling function of DPP was demonstrated when undifferentiated mesenchymal cells stimulated with DPP, mediated calcium signaling through release of intracellular Ca2+. The objective of this study was to identify potentially novel signaling mechanisms that mediate odontoblast differentiation. Therefore, transcriptomes of DPSCs (dental pulp stem cells) with or without DPP stimulation were compared by bulk RNA-seq. Analysis of the unbiased RNA-seq data were subjected to functional enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathways. Results identified several upregulated genes which were associated with autophagy, that were subsequently validated by RT-PCR. Western blotting analysis confirmed the up regulation of several autophagy markers such as ATG5, BECN1 and LC3A/B at specific time points. Autophagosome formation was also observed with DPP treatment. Additionally, autophagy supported a role for odontoblast differentiation of DPSCs. These findings suggest that DPP mediated autophagy might be a potential mechanism for the survival and terminal differentiation of DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Chen
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cassandra Villani
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amudha Ganapathy
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anne George
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Chen J, Ding W, Zhang Z, Li Q, Wang M, Feng J, Zhang W, Cao L, Ji X, Nie S, Sun Z. Shenfu injection targets the PI3K-AKT pathway to regulate autophagy and apoptosis in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by sepsis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155627. [PMID: 38696924 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an exaggerated response to infection. In the lungs, one of the most susceptible organs, this can manifest as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Shenfu (SF) injection is a prominent traditional Chinese medicine used to treat sepsis. However, the exact mechanism of its action has rarely been reported in the literature. PURPOSE In the present study, we detected the protective effect of SF injection on sepsis-induced ARDS and explored its underlying mechanism. METHODS We investigated the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of SF injections using a combination of network pharmacology and RNA sequencing. This study was conducted both in vivo and in vitro using a mouse model of ARDS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MLE-12 cells, respectively. RESULTS The results showed that SF injection could effectively inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis to alleviate LPS-induced ARDS. SF inhibited the PI3K-AKT pathway, which controls autophagy and apoptosis. Subsequently, MLE-12 cells were treated with 3-methyladenine to assess its effects on autophagy and apoptosis. Additional experiments were conducted by adding rapamycin, an mTOR antagonist, or SC79, an AKT agonist, to investigate the effects of SF injection on autophagy, apoptosis, and the PI3K-AKT pathway. CONCLUSION Overall, we found that SF administration could enhance autophagic activity, reduce apoptosis, suppress inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and inhibit the PI3K-AKT pathway, thus ameliorating sepsis-induced ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221000, PR China
| | - Weichao Ding
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, PR China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Xiaohang Ji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Zhaorui Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, PR China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
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Luo YM, Liu SS, Zhao M, Wei W, Yao JX, Sun JH, Cao Y, Li H. Crosstalk among Oxidative Stress, Autophagy, and Apoptosis in the Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells: A Mixed Computational and Experimental Study. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:578-588. [PMID: 38853191 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2858-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were found to shift from their usually inactive state to an active state in ischemic stroke (IS) and cause neuronal damage. Ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1), a component derived from medicinal plants, is known for its pharmacological benefits in IS, but its protective effects on BMECs have yet to be explored. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of GRb1 on BMECs. METHODS An in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model was established to mimic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Bulk RNA-sequencing data were analyzed by using the Human Autophagy Database and various bioinformatic tools, including gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), Gene Ontology (GO) classification and enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction network analysis, and molecular docking. Experimental validation was also performed to ensure the reliability of our findings. RESULTS Rb1 had a protective effect on BMECs subjected to OGD/R injury. Specifically, GRb1 was found to modulate the interplay between oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in BMECs. Key targets such as sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62), autophagy related 5 (ATG5), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) were identified, highlighting their potential roles in mediating the protective effects of GRb1 against IS-induced damage. CONCLUSION GRbl protects BMECs against OGD/R injury by influencing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. The identification of SQSTM1/p62, ATG5, and HIF-1α as promising targets further supports the potential of GRb1 as a therapeutic agent for IS, providing a foundation for future research into its mechanisms and applications in IS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Miao Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100901, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shu-Sen Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150028, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100901, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jiu-Xiu Yao
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100901, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, 100901, China.
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, 100102, China.
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Shinde A, Shannahan J. Inhalation exposure-induced toxicity and disease mediated via mTOR dysregulation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10135. [PMID: 38711460 PMCID: PMC11070522 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental air pollution is a global health concern, associated with multiple respiratory and systemic diseases. Epidemiological supports continued urbanization and industrialization increasing the prevalence of inhalation exposures. Exposure to these inhaled pollutants induces toxicity via activation of numerous cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, autophagy, disrupted cellular metabolism, inflammation, tumorigenesis, and others contributing to disease development. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator involved in various cellular processes related to the modulation of metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis. Dysregulation of mTOR occurs following inhalation exposures and has also been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, asthma, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, mTOR plays a fundamental role in protein transcription and translation involved in many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. It is necessary to understand inhalation exposure-induced dysregulation of mTOR since it is key regulator which may contribute to numerous disease processes. This mini review evaluates the available literature regarding several types of inhalation exposure and their impacts on mTOR signaling. Particularly we focus on the mTOR signaling pathway related outcomes of autophagy, lipid metabolism, and inflammation. Furthermore, we will examine the implications of dysregulated mTOR pathway in exposure-induced diseases. Throughout this mini review, current gaps will be identified related to exposure-induced mTOR dysregulation which may enable the targeting of mTOR signaling for the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Peng H, Zhou Q, Liu J, Wang Y, Mu K, Zhang L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a vital process and potential therapeutic target in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1761-1772. [PMID: 37695356 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01786-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a chronic and progressive disease characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and progressive airflow obstruction, has attracted extensive attention due to its high morbidity and mortality. Although the understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD has gradually increased because of increasing evidence, many questions regarding the mechanisms involved in COPD progression and its deleterious effects remain unanswered. Recent advances have shown the potential functions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in causing airway inflammation, emphasizing the vital role of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the development of COPD. METHODS A comprehensive search of major databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to retrieve original research articles and reviews related to ER stress, UPR, and COPD. RESULTS The common causes of COPD, namely cigarette smoke (CS) and air pollutants, induce ER stress through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). UPR promotes mucus secretion and further plays a dual role in the cell apoptosis-autophagy axis in the development of COPD. Existing drug research has indicated the potential of UPR as a therapeutic target for COPD. CONCLUSIONS ER stress and UPR activation play significant roles in the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of COPD and discuss whether related genes can be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ketao Mu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Jie Fang Avenue 1095, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Ning J, Pei Z, Wang M, Hu H, Chen M, Liu Q, Wu M, Yang P, Geng Z, Zheng J, Du Z, Hu W, Wang Q, Pang Y, Bao L, Niu Y, Leng S, Zhang R. Site-specific Atg13 methylation-mediated autophagy regulates epithelial inflammation in PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131791. [PMID: 37295326 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matters (PM2.5) increased the risk of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of lung epithelium in pulmonary fibrosis remained elusive. Here we developed PM2.5-exposure lung epithelial cells and mice models to investigate the role of autophagy in lung epithelia mediating inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. PM2.5 exposure induced autophagy in lung epithelial cells and then drove pulmonary fibrosis by activation of NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway. PM2.5-downregulated ALKBH5 protein expression promotes m6A modification of Atg13 mRNA at site 767 in lung epithelial cells. Atg13-mediated ULK complex positively regulated autophagy and inflammation in epithelial cells with PM2.5 treatment. Knockout of ALKBH5 in mice further accelerated ULK complex-regulated autophagy, inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Thus, our results highlighted that site-specific m6A methylation on Atg13 mRNA regulated epithelial inflammation-driven pulmonary fibrosis in an autophagy-dependent manner upon PM2.5 exposure, and it provided target intervention strategies towards PM2.5-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zijie Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, PR China
| | - Mengruo Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Huaifang Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Peihao Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zihan Geng
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Zhe Du
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Wentao Hu
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- Experimental Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yaxian Pang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lei Bao
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yujie Niu
- Department of Occupation Health and Environmental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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Zhao J, Xia H, Wu Y, Lu L, Cheng C, Sun J, Xiang Q, Bian T, Liu Q. CircRNA_0026344 via miR-21 is involved in cigarette smoke-induced autophagy and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells in emphysema. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:929-944. [PMID: 34524572 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS), a main source of indoor air pollution, is a primary risk factor for emphysema, and aberrant cellular autophagy is related to the pathogenesis of emphysema. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) affect the expression of mRNAs via acting as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, but their role in emphysema progression is not established. In the present investigation, CS, acting on alveolar epithelial cells, caused higher levels of miR-21, p-ERK, and cleaved-caspase 3 and led to lower levels of circRNA_0026344 and PTEN, which induced autophagy and apoptosis. miR-21 suppressed the expression of PTEN, which was involved in the regulation of autophagy and apoptosis. Further, in alveolar epithelial cells, overexpression of circRNA_0026344 blocked cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced autophagy and apoptosis, but this blockage was reversed by upregulation of miR-21 with a mimic. These results demonstrated that, in alveolar epithelial cells, CS decreases circRNA_0026344 levels, which sponge miR-21 to inhibit the miR-21 target, PTEN, which, in turn, activates ERK and thereby promotes autophagy and apoptosis, leading to emphysema. Thus, for emphysema, circRNA_0026344 regulates the PTEN/ERK axis by sponging miR-21, which is associated with the CS-induced autophagy and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells. In sum, the present investigation identifies a novel mechanism for CS-induced emphysema and provides information useful for the diagnosis and treatment of CS-induced emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Xia
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Bian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuxi People's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, 214023, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
- China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Fu Z. Role of autophagy in lung diseases and ageing. Eur Respir Rev 2022; 31:31/166/220134. [PMID: 36543345 PMCID: PMC9879344 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0134-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs face ongoing chemical, mechanical, biological, immunological and xenobiotic stresses over a lifetime. Advancing age progressively impairs lung function. Autophagy is a "housekeeping" survival strategy involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes in all eukaryotic cells. Autophagic activity decreases with age in several species, whereas its basic activity extends throughout the lifespan of most animals. Dysregulation of autophagy has been proven to be closely related to the pathogenesis of several ageing-related pulmonary diseases. This review summarises the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases associated with or occurring in the context of ageing, including acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and pulmonary fibrosis, and describes its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiling Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,Corresponding author: Zhiling Fu ()
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Hu Y, Shao J, Shen L, Wang S, Xu K, Mao J, Shen J, Chen W. Protection of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells during acute lung injury requires autophagy maintained by mTOR. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:481. [PMID: 36470863 PMCID: PMC9722689 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01267-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that mesenchymal stem cells may represent a promising cellular therapy for acute lung injury (ALI); however, the underlying relevant molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and characterized by alizarin red staining, oil red staining, and flow cytometry. Lung injury and inflammatory cell infiltration were determined using the Evans blue method, wet/dry weight ratio, and H&E staining. An ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Autophagy was detected with an mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual-fluorescence autophagy indicator system, Western blotting, and electron microscopy. We first demonstrated that ADSCs did alleviate the inflammatory responses and tissue damage in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Next, we further demonstrated in vivo that autophagy plays a key role in the maintenance of ADSC therapeutic efficacy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ADSCs co-cultured with alveolar epithelial cells depend on autophagy for significant anti-inflammatory functions. Moreover, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key regulator of autophagy. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the effect of ADSC on ALI, especially on alveolar epithelial cells, is dependent on mTOR-mediated autophagy maintenance. The significance of our study for ALI therapy is discussed with respect to a more complete understanding of the therapeutic strategy paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- grid.412465.0Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jing Shao
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 310012 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Lanying Shen
- grid.412465.0Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Shengchao Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Gynecological Oncology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310006 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Kaiyan Xu
- grid.412465.0Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310009 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jiayan Mao
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 310012 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Jian Shen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 310012 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Chen
- Cancer Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 310012 Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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11
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Jahangiri B, Saei AK, Obi PO, Asghari N, Lorzadeh S, Hekmatirad S, Rahmati M, Velayatipour F, Asghari MH, Saleem A, Moosavi MA. Exosomes, autophagy and ER stress pathways in human diseases: Cross-regulation and therapeutic approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166484. [PMID: 35811032 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomal release pathway and autophagy together maintain homeostasis and survival of cells under stressful conditions. Autophagy is a catabolic process through which cell entities, such as malformed biomacromolecules and damaged organelles, are degraded and recycled via the lysosomal-dependent pathway. Exosomes, a sub-type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) formed by the inward budding of multivesicular bodies (MVBs), are mostly involved in mediating communication between cells. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response that is activated to sustain survival in the cells faced with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through a complex network that involves protein synthesis, exosomes secretion and autophagy. Disruption of the critical crosstalk between EVs, UPR and autophagy may be implicated in various human diseases, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases, yet the molecular mechanism(s) behind the coordination of these communication pathways remains obscure. Here, we review the available information on the mechanisms that control autophagy, ER stress and EV pathways, with the view that a better understanding of their crosstalk and balance may improve our knowledge on the pathogenesis and treatment of human diseases, where these pathways are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jahangiri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Ali Kian Saei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Patience O Obi
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Narjes Asghari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shirin Hekmatirad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Marveh Rahmati
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Velayatipour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosseni Asghari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ayesha Saleem
- Applied Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 3P4, Canada.
| | - Mohammad Amin Moosavi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, P.O Box 14965/161, Iran.
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12
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Ma J, Shen M, Yue D, Wang W, Gao F, Wang B. Extracellular Vesicles from BMSCs Prevent Glucocorticoid-Induced BMECs Injury by Regulating Autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathway. Cells 2022; 11:2104. [PMID: 35805188 PMCID: PMC9265732 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common clinical disease with a high disability rate. Injury of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) caused by glucocorticoid administration is one of the important causes of ONFH, and there is currently a lack of effective clinical treatments. Extracellular vesicles derived from bone stem cells (BMSC-EVs) can prevent ONFH by promoting angiogenesis and can inhibit cell apoptosis by regulating autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow stem cells (BMSC) on a glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs and possible mechanisms. We found that BMSC-EVs attenuated glucocorticoid-induced viability, angiogenesis capacity injury, and the apoptosis of BMECs. BMSC-EVs increased the LC3 level, but decreased p62 (an autophagy protein receptor) expression, suggesting that BMSC-Exos activated autophagy in glucocorticoid-treated BMECs. The protective effects of BMSC-EVs on the glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs was mimicked by a known stimulator of autophagy (rapamycin) and could be enhanced by co-treatment with an autophagy inhibitor (LY294002). BMSC-EVs also suppressed the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates cell autophagy, in glucocorticoid-treated BMECs. In conclusion, the results indicate that BMSC-EVs prevent the glucocorticoid-induced injury of BMECs by regulating autophagy via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (J.M.); (D.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Mengran Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Debo Yue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (J.M.); (D.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Weiguo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (J.M.); (D.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Fuqiang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (J.M.); (D.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Bailiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving & Reconstruction, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; (J.M.); (D.Y.); (W.W.)
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13
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Tulen CBM, Wang Y, Beentjes D, Jessen PJJ, Ninaber DK, Reynaert NL, van Schooten FJ, Opperhuizen A, Hiemstra PS, Remels AHV. Dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism upon cigarette smoke exposure in various human bronchial epithelial cell models. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049247. [PMID: 35344036 PMCID: PMC8990921 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) is the primary risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The impact of CS exposure on the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial quality control in airway epithelial cells is incompletely understood. Undifferentiated or differentiated primary bronchial epithelial cells were acutely/chronically exposed to whole CS (WCS) or CS extract (CSE) in submerged or air-liquid interface conditions. Abundance of key regulators controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics was assessed. Acute exposure to WCS or CSE increased the abundance of components of autophagy and receptor-mediated mitophagy in all models. Although mitochondrial content and dynamics appeared to be unaltered in response to CS, changes in both the molecular control of mitochondrial biogenesis and a shift toward an increased glycolytic metabolism were observed in particular in differentiated cultures. These alterations persisted, at least in part, after chronic exposure to WCS during differentiation and upon subsequent discontinuation of WCS exposure. In conclusion, smoke exposure alters the regulation of mitochondrial metabolism in airway epithelial cells, but observed alterations may differ between various culture models used. This article has an associated First Person interview with the joint first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy B. M. Tulen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Beentjes
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Phyllis J. J. Jessen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis K. Ninaber
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L. Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Primary Lung Culture Facility, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoon Opperhuizen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Office of Risk Assessment and Research, Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, PO Box 8433, 3503 RK Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S. Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H. V. Remels
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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DI Stefano A, Gnemmi I, Dossena F, Ricciardolo FL, Maniscalco M, Lo Bello F, Balbi B. Pathogenesis of COPD at the cellular and molecular level. Minerva Med 2022; 113:405-423. [PMID: 35138077 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory responses in the lung of patients with stable mild-to severe forms of COPD play a central role in the definition, comprehension and monitoring of the disease state. A better understanding of the COPD pathogenesis can't avoid a detailed knowledge of these inflammatory changes altering the functional health of the lung during the disease progression. We here summarize and discuss the role and principal functions of the inflammatory cells populating the large, small airways and lung parenchyma of patients with COPD of increasing severity in comparison with healthy control subjects: T and B lymphocytes, NK and Innate Lymphoid cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. The differential inflammatory distribution in large and small airways of patients is also discussed. Furthermore, relevant cellular mechanisms controlling the homeostasis and the "normal" balance of these inflammatory cells and of structural cells in the lung, such as autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis are as well presented and discussed in the context of the COPD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino DI Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy -
| | - Isabella Gnemmi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca Dossena
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
| | - Fabio L Ricciardolo
- Rare Lung Disease Unit and Severe Asthma Centre, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital Orbassano, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Mauro Maniscalco
- Divisione di Pneumologia, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Telese, Benevento, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Bruno Balbi
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell'Apparato Cardio Respiratorio, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, SpA, Società Benefit, IRCCS, Veruno, Novara, Italy
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15
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Kong M, Wei D, Li X, Zhu X, Hong Z, Ni M, Wang Y, Dong A. The dynamic changes in autophagy activity and its role in lung injury after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1113-1127. [PMID: 35014165 PMCID: PMC8831962 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) can cause acute lung injury (ALI), and its pathogenesis mimics ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Autophagy is also involved in lung I/R injury. The present study aimed to elucidate whether DHCA induces natural autophagy activation and its role in DHCA‐mediated lung injury. Here, rats were randomly assigned to the Sham or DHCA group. The sham group (n = 5) only received anaesthesia and air intubation. DHCA group rats underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) followed by the DHCA procedure. The rats were then sacrificed at 3, 6 and 24 h after the DHCA procedure (n = 5) to measure lung injury and autophagy activity. Chloroquine (CQ) was delivered to evaluate autophagic flux. DHCA caused lung injury, which was prominent 3–6 h after DHCA, as confirmed by histological examination and inflammatory cytokine quantification. Lung injury subsided at 24 h. Autophagy was suppressed 3 h but was exaggerated at 6 h. At both time points, autophagic flux appeared uninterrupted. To further assess the role of autophagy in DHCA‐mediated lung injury, the autophagy inducer rapamycin and its inhibitor 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) were applied, and lung injury was reassessed. When rapamycin was administered at an early time point, lung injury worsened, whereas administration of 3‐MA at a late time point ameliorated lung injury, indicating that autophagy contributed to lung injury after DHCA. Our study presents a time course of lung injury following DHCA. Autophagy showed adaptive yet protective suppression 3 h after DHCA, as induction of autophagy caused worsening of lung tissue. In contrast, autophagy was exaggerated 6 h after DHCA, and autophagy inhibition attenuated DHCA‐mediated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjian Kong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuebiao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ze Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiqiang Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Li J, Li M, Li L, Ma J, Yao C, Yao S. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates ferroptosis and stimulates autophagy by blocking mTOR signaling in sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Mol Immunol 2022; 141:318-327. [PMID: 34952420 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis often leads to multiple organ failure or even death and is a significant health problem that contributes to a heavy economic burden. The lung is the first organ to be affected by sepsis. Presently, there is no specific drug or method to treat sepsis and sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). H2S, along with CO and NO, is a physiological gas that acts as a signaling molecule and plays an active role in fighting various lung infections. GYY4137 is a novel H2S donor that is stable in vivo and in vitro. However, particularly in the context of ferroptosis, GYY4137 affects cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced ALI by a mechanism that is not understood. Ferroptosis is a new form of cell necrosis. The primary mechanism is the accumulation of cellular lipid ROS in an iron-dependent manner. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the effects of GYY4137 on ferroptosis and autophagy in a mouse model of sepsis-induced ALI. We divided the experimental mice randomly into 5 groups: (1) sham group; (2) CLP group; (3) CLP + DMSO group: (4) CLP + GYY4137 (25 mg/kg) group; and (5) CLP + GYY4137 (50 mg/kg) group. (6) CLP + Rapamycin (2.0 mg/Kg) group. (7) CLP + Chloroquine (80 mg/Kg) group. (8) the Chloroquine (80 mg/Kg) + GYY (50 mg/Kg) group. The findings showed that GYY4137 significantly protected against CLP-induced ALI by improving sepsis-induced lung histopathological changes, diminishing lung tissue damage, ameliorating oxidative stress, and attenuating the severity of lung injury in mice. In this study, we found that GYY4137 could alleviate septicemia-induced ferroptosis in ALI by increasing the expression of GPx4 and SLC7A11 in lung tissue after CLP. One unexpected finding was the extent to which the levels of ferritin and ferritin light chain increased after CLP, which may be a compensatory mechanism for storing abnormally increased iron. We also found that the expression of p-mTOR, P62, and Beclin1 was significantly increased and that LC3II/LC3I declined after LPS stimulation, but the effect was inhibited by treatment with GYY4137, indicating that GYY4137 could inhibit the activation of autophagy in sepsis-induced ALI by blocking mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Mengyu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jiamin Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chengye Yao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
| | - Shanglong Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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17
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Wang Y, Chen H, Sun C, Shen H, Cui X. Metformin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced epithelial cell senescence by activating autophagy. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:927-935. [PMID: 33377575 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening medical condition with higher mortality and morbidity in elderly patients. Recently, metformin, a drug commonly used to lower blood glucose in type 2 diabetes patients, has been shown to be an effective anti-inflammatory agent in ALI. However, the mechanism of this regulation still remains poorly understood. In our study, we found that epithelial cell senescence was elevated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure in vivo and in vitro, accompanied by decreased expression of ATG5 and impaired autophagy activity. To further discover the molecular regulation mechanism between cellular senescence and autophagy in LPS-treated MLE-12 cells, we demonstrated that inhibition of ATG5 could decrease autophagy levels and promote the senescence of MLE-12 cells. On the contrary, elevating the expression of ATG5 could effectively suppress LPS-induced cellular senescence via enhancing autophagy activity. In addition, we demonstrated that metformin could protect MLE-12 cells from LPS-induced senescence via increasing the expression of ATG5 and augmenting autophagy activity. Our data implicate that activation of autophagy by metformin may provide a preventive and therapeutic strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Huiqiao Chen
- Department of Electrocardiogram, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chenliang Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haoliang Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoli Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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18
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Ornatowski W, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Garcia AE, Zemskov EA, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101679. [PMID: 32818797 PMCID: PMC7451718 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and recycling of metabolic precursors. Autophagy is a major cellular defense against oxidative stress, or related conditions that cause accumulation of damaged proteins or organelles. Selective forms of autophagy can maintain organelle populations or remove aggregated proteins. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy is necessary to maintain redox homeostasis. ROS activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. The cellular responses triggered by oxidative stress include the altered regulation of signaling pathways that culminate in the regulation of autophagy. Current research suggests a central role for autophagy as a mammalian oxidative stress response and its interrelationship to other stress defense systems. Altered autophagy phenotypes have been observed in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease, acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and asthma. Understanding the mechanisms by which ROS regulate autophagy will provide novel therapeutic targets for lung diseases. This review highlights our current understanding on the interplay between ROS and autophagy in the development of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alejandro E Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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19
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Pehote G, Vij N. Autophagy Augmentation to Alleviate Immune Response Dysfunction, and Resolve Respiratory and COVID-19 Exacerbations. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091952. [PMID: 32847034 PMCID: PMC7565665 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of cellular homeostasis requires the synthesis of new proteins (proteostasis) and organelles, and the effective removal of misfolded or impaired proteins and cellular debris. This cellular homeostasis involves two key proteostasis mechanisms, the ubiquitin proteasome system and the autophagy–lysosome pathway. These catabolic pathways have been known to be involved in respiratory exacerbations and the pathogenesis of various lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis (CF), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Briefly, proteostasis and autophagy processes are known to decline over time with age, cigarette or biomass smoke exposure, and/or influenced by underlying genetic factors, resulting in the accumulation of misfolded proteins and cellular debris, elevating apoptosis and cellular senescence, and initiating the pathogenesis of acute or chronic lung disease. Moreover, autophagic dysfunction results in an impaired microbial clearance, post-bacterial and/or viral infection(s) which contribute to the initiation of acute and recurrent respiratory exacerbations as well as the progression of chronic obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. In addition, the autophagic dysfunction-mediated cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) immune response impairment further exacerbates the lung disease. Recent studies demonstrate the therapeutic potential of novel autophagy augmentation strategies, in alleviating the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive or restrictive lung diseases and exacerbations such as those commonly seen in COPD, CF, ALI/ARDS and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Pehote
- Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;
| | - Neeraj Vij
- Department of Pediatrics and Pulmonary Medicine, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- PRECISION THERANOSTICS INC, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- VIJ BIOTECH, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-240-623-0757
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20
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MBNL1 reverses the proliferation defect of skeletal muscle satellite cells in myotonic dystrophy type 1 by inhibiting autophagy via the mTOR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:545. [PMID: 32683410 PMCID: PMC7368861 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle atrophy is one of the clinical symptoms of myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). A decline in skeletal muscle regeneration is an important contributor to muscle atrophy. Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SSCs) drive skeletal muscle regeneration. Increased autophagy can reduce the proliferative capacity of SSCs, which plays an important role in the early regeneration of damaged skeletal muscle in DM1. Discovering new ways to restore SSC proliferation may aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy in DM1. In the pathogenesis of DM1, muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) protein is generally considered to form nuclear RNA foci and disturb the RNA-splicing function. However, the role of MBNL1 in SSC proliferation in DM1 has not been reported. In this study, we obtained SSCs differentiated from normal DM1-04-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), DM1-03 iPSCs, and DM1-13-3 iPSCs edited by transcription activator-like (TAL) effector nucleases (TALENs) targeting CTG repeats, and primary SSCs to study the pathogenesis of DM1. DM1 SSC lines and primary SSCs showed decreased MBNL1 expression and elevated autophagy levels. However, DM1 SSCs edited by TALENs showed increased cytoplasmic distribution of MBNL1, reduced levels of autophagy, increased levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and improved proliferation rates. In addition, we confirmed that after MBNL1 overexpression, the proliferative capability of DM1 SSCs and the level of phosphorylated mTOR were enhanced, while the autophagy levels were decreased. Our data also demonstrated that the proliferative capability of DM1 SSCs was enhanced after autophagy was inhibited by overexpressing mTOR. Finally, treatment with rapamycin (an mTOR inhibitor) was shown to abolish the increased proliferation capability of DM1 SSCs due to MBNL1 overexpression. Taken together, these data suggest that MBNL1 reverses the proliferation defect of SSCs in DM1 by inhibiting autophagy via the mTOR pathway.
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21
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Cabrera S, Rodríguez-Bobadilla C, Vázquez-Morales D, Gaxiola M, Maciel M, Selman M, Pardo A. Identification of Autophagy-related Proteins in Lungs From Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Patients. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:365-376. [PMID: 32496163 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420932103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been involved in the pathogenesis of various lung diseases. However, it is not yet known whether autophagy plays a role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). HP is an interstitial lung disease resulting from exposure to a wide variety of antigens that provoke an exaggerated immune response in susceptible individuals. The aim of this study was to explore the localization of autophagy key proteins in lungs from HP patients and controls by immunohistochemistry and analyze their expression levels by immunoblot. Macrophages and epithelial cells were strongly positive for the autophagosome biomarker LC3B (microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 beta) in HP lungs compared with controls. A similar pattern was found for the autophagy receptor p62 and the enzyme ATG4B. Unexpectedly, nuclear p62 signal was also noticed in macrophages from HP lungs. Regarding ATG5 and ATG7 localization, we observed positive staining in neutrophils, vascular smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells. Our findings provide for the first time evidence that proteins from the autophagy machinery are highly expressed in the lungs of HP patients and describe the specific cellular and subcellular localization of LC3B, p62, ATG4B, ATG5, and ATG7 in HP lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cabrera
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carolina Rodríguez-Bobadilla
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dulce Vázquez-Morales
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Gaxiola
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariana Maciel
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Fibrosis Lab, Department of Cell Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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22
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Zhao X, Yu Z, Lv Z, Meng L, Xu J, Yuan S, Fu Z. Activation of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (α7nAchR) Promotes the Protective Autophagy in LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) In Vitro and In Vivo. Inflammation 2020; 42:2236-2245. [PMID: 31522340 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and autophagy has been reported to be involved in the pathogenic mechanism of acute lung injury (ALI). Reportedly, alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAchR) might play a protective role in LPS-induced ALI. In the current research, we established LPS-induced ALI model in mice and α7nAchR agonist PNU-282987 improved LPS-induced injury. In MH-S cells, LPS stimulation inhibited, whereas α7nAchR agonist PNU-282987 enhanced the autophagy. α7nAchR agonist PNU-282987 protected MH-S cells from LPS-induced inflammation by reducing the concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Finally, LPS stimulation dramatically inhibited MH-S cell viability but enhanced cell apoptosis, whereas PNU-282987 treatment exerted opposite effects; α7nAchR might regulate the cellular homeostasis via affecting the crosstalk between the autophagy and apoptosis in MH-S cells; in other words, α7nAChR agonist enhances MH-S cell autophagy and inhibits MH-S cell apoptosis. In conclusion, α7nAchR promote the protective autophagy in LPS-induced ALI model in mice and MH-S cells. The application of α7nAchR agonist is considered a potent target for LPS-induced ALI, which needs further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhizhong Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zheng Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lei Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jiaxin Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shiying Yuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhaohui Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China. .,Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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23
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Zheng Q, Wang YC, Liu QX, Dong XJ, Xie ZX, Liu XH, Gao W, Bai XJ, Li ZF. FK866 attenuates sepsis-induced acute lung injury through c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent autophagy. Life Sci 2020; 250:117551. [PMID: 32179075 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Increasing evidence indicates that FK866, a specific noncompetitive nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase inhibitor, exhibits a protective effect on acute lung injury (ALI). Autophagy plays a pivotal role in sepsis-induced ALI. However, the contribution of autophagy and the underlying mechanism by which FK866-confered lung protection remains elusive. Herein, we aimed to study whether FK866 could alleviate sepsis-induced ALI via the JNK-dependent autophagy. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to establish the polymicrobial sepsis mice model, and treated with FK866 (10 mg/kg) at 24, 12 and 0.5 h before the CLP procedure. The lung protective effects were measured by lung histopathology, tissue edema, vascular leakage, inflammation infiltration, autophagy-related protein expression and JNK activity. A549 cells were stimulated with LPS (1000 ng/ml) to generate the ALI cell model, and pretreated with FK866 or SP600125 for 30 min to measure the autophagy-related protein expression and JNK activity. KEY FINDINGS Our results demonstrated that FK866 reduced lung injury score, tissue edema, vascular leakage, and inflammatory infiltration, and upregulated autophagy. The protective effect of autophagy conferred by FK866 on ALI was further clarified by using 3-methyladenine (3MA) and rapamycin. Additionally, the activity of JNK was suppressed by FK866, and inhibition of JNK promoted autophagy and showed a benefit effect. SIGNIFICANCE Our study indicates that FK866 protects against sepsis-induced ALI by induction of JNK-dependent autophagy. This may provide new insights into the functional mechanism of NAMPT inhibition in sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zheng
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Yu-Chang Wang
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Qin-Xin Liu
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Xi-Jie Dong
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Xie
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Xing-Hua Liu
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Xiang-Jun Bai
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China
| | - Zhan-Fei Li
- Trauma center/Department of Emergency and Traumatic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, China.
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24
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Wu YF, Li ZY, Dong LL, Li WJ, Wu YP, Wang J, Chen HP, Liu HW, Li M, Jin CL, Huang HQ, Ying SM, Li W, Shen HH, Chen ZH. Inactivation of MTOR promotes autophagy-mediated epithelial injury in particulate matter-induced airway inflammation. Autophagy 2020; 16:435-450. [PMID: 31203721 PMCID: PMC6999647 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1628536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is able to induce airway epithelial injury, while the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that PM exposure inactivated MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), enhanced macroautophagy/autophagy, and impaired lysosomal activity in HBE (human bronchial epithelial) cells and in mouse airway epithelium. Genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition of MTOR significantly enhanced, while inhibition of autophagy attenuated, PM-induced IL6 expression in HBE cells. Consistently, club-cell-specific deletion of Mtor aggravated, whereas loss of Atg5 in bronchial epithelium reduced, PM-induced airway inflammation. Interestingly, the augmented inflammatory responses caused by MTOR deficiency were markedly attenuated by blockage of downstream autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, the dysregulation of MTOR-autophagy signaling was partially dependent on activation of upstream TSC2, and interacted with the TLR4-MYD88 to orchestrate the downstream NFKB activity and to regulate the production of inflammatory cytokines in airway epithelium. Moreover, inhibition of autophagy reduced the expression of EPS15 and the subsequent endocytosis of PM. Taken together, the present study provides a mechanistic explanation for how airway epithelium localized MTOR-autophagy axis regulates PM-induced airway injury, suggesting that activation of MTOR and/or suppression of autophagy in local airway might be effective therapeutic strategies for PM-related airway disorders.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ALI: air liquid interface; AP2: adaptor related protein complex 2; ATG: autophagy related; BALF: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; DOX: doxycycline; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EPS15: epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15; HBE: human bronchial epithelial; H&E: hematoxylin & eosin; IKK: IKB kinase; IL: interleukin; LAMP2: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTEC: mouse tracheal epithelial cells; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MYD88: MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor; NFKB: nuclear factor of kappa B; NFKBIA: NFKB inhibitor alpha; PM: particulate matter; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; Rapa: rapamycin; RELA: RELA proto-oncogene, NFKB subunit; SCGB1A1: secretoglobin family 1A member 1; siRNA: small interfering RNAs; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electronic microscopy; TLR4: toll like receptor 4; TSC2: TSC complex subunit 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Fang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhou-Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Dong
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hai-Pin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ci-Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Qiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Min Ying
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hua-Hao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Key cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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25
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Lv X, Li K, Hu Z. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Autophagy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1207:559-567. [PMID: 32671774 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-4272-5_39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a classical chronic respiratory disease with the pathological changes involving the bronchi and alveoli. Many of the risk factors of COPD can induce autophagy in different kinds of cells in lung tissue including alveolar epithelial cells, broncho epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Over-activation of autophagy may cause emphysema by inducing autophagic cell death. However, the bronchitis and fibrosis may be mainly caused by autophagic flux blocking. Thus, understanding the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of COPD is important for the anti-COPD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Lv
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuowei Hu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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26
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Lignelli E, Palumbo F, Myti D, Morty RE. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L832-L887. [PMID: 31596603 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. A key histopathological feature of BPD is stunted late lung development, where the process of alveolarization-the generation of alveolar gas exchange units-is impeded, through mechanisms that remain largely unclear. As such, there is interest in the clarification both of the pathomechanisms at play in affected lungs, and the mechanisms of de novo alveoli generation in healthy, developing lungs. A better understanding of normal and pathological alveolarization might reveal opportunities for improved medical management of affected infants. Furthermore, disturbances to the alveolar architecture are a key histopathological feature of several adult chronic lung diseases, including emphysema and fibrosis, and it is envisaged that knowledge about the mechanisms of alveologenesis might facilitate regeneration of healthy lung parenchyma in affected patients. To this end, recent efforts have interrogated clinical data, developed new-and refined existing-in vivo and in vitro models of BPD, have applied new microscopic and radiographic approaches, and have developed advanced cell-culture approaches, including organoid generation. Advances have also been made in the development of other methodologies, including single-cell analysis, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics, as well as the generation and use of complex mouse genetics tools. The objective of this review is to present advances made in our understanding of the mechanisms of lung alveolarization and BPD over the period 1 January 2017-30 June 2019, a period that spans the 50th anniversary of the original clinical description of BPD in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Lignelli
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesco Palumbo
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Despoina Myti
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rory E Morty
- Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine (Pulmonology), University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
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27
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Kim TH, Hong SB, Lim CM, Koh Y, Jang EY, Huh JW. The Role of Exosomes in Bronchoalveloar Lavage from Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081148. [PMID: 31374972 PMCID: PMC6722638 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening condition caused by pulmonary and extrapulmonary insults. Exosomes are considered a major cell-to-cell communicator and immune modulator. However, their role in ARDS remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether exosomes could be a potential biomarker of ARDS. Methods: We isolated exosomes from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of patients with ARDS. The correlation between the level of exosomes with clinical data, including etiology, oxygenation, and 28-day mortality was analyzed. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays and western blotting were carried out to characterize BAL exosomes. Immune modulating response of exosomes was investigated by in vitro examination. Results: From 158 patients, we isolated mean 1568.9 µg/mL BAL exosomes, which presented a negative correlation with the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The level of exosomes did not correlate with 28-day mortality but was elevated in the infectious etiology of ARDS. The exosomes have cargo proteins associated with apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. An in vitro stimulation study revealed that BAL exosomes could induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, but those from patients with ARDS suppressed the production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Conclusions: In ARDS, exosomes are released in alveolar space, and the level is correlated with the etiology of ARDS. BAL exosomes could play an immune-modulating role by controlling the production of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon 51472, Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chae-Mann Lim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Younsuck Koh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Jang
- Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
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28
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Dong Y, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Dai J, Tang L, Liu G. Emodin reactivated autophagy and alleviated inflammatory lung injury in mice with lethal endotoxemia. Exp Anim 2019; 68:559-568. [PMID: 31292306 PMCID: PMC6842802 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.19-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An uncontrolled inflammation induced critical health problems with serious morbidity and
death, which namely acute lung injury (ALI). Recently researchs have found the
anti-inflammatory effects of emodin. Here, we investigated the potential effects of emodin
on a mouse model with a lethal dose of the potential mechanisms and lipopolysaccharide
(LPS)-induced inflammatory lung injury in mice. The pulmonary histological abnormalities,
the Evans blue’s leakage, the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, the grades of TNF-α, IL-6,
nitric oxide (NO), lactic acid (LA) in lung tissues were determined 18 h post exposure of
LPS. Based on the expression of LC3-II with BECN1 was determined using Western blotting.
Besides, the LPS-exposed mice for survival rate was monitored. The results indicated that
intervention with emodin was important for mitigating LPS-induced pulmonary histological
change and LPS-induced leakage of Evans blue, which were associated with suppressed
elevation of MPO activity and inhibited up-regulation of TNF-α, IL-6, NO with LA in lung
tissues. Moreover, intervention with emodin enhanced the survival rate of LPS-exposed
mice. Finally, therapy with emodin increased the LC3 and BECN1 in lungs of LPS-exposed
mice. Treatment with 3-MA (the autophagy inhibitor) reversed the beneficial effects of
emodin. In conclusion, emodin might provide pharmacological benefits in LPS-induced
inflammatory lung injury, and the mechanisms might be related to the restoration of
autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dong
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, 1 Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Respiratory, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Hospital of Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Avenue, Yongchuan District, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Department of Neurology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 55 Middle Road, University City, Shapingba District, Chongqing 401331, China
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Ma C, Li Z, Chen H, Zhang Z, Li T. Genipin protects rats against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by reinforcing autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 72:21-30. [PMID: 30959368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the protective effects of genipin against acute lung injury (ALI) have been described previously, the associated mechanism remains unclear. We have previously reported that genipin exerts its pharmacological effects by regulating autophagy. Here, we hypothesized that the up-regulation of autophagy may contribute to the protective effects exhibited by genipin against ALI. In the present study, ALI was induced by intratracheal LPS administration in rats. Genipin treatment significantly reduced LPS-induced lung injury as evidenced by improved histopathology, decreased lung edema, total cells, and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). This protection was inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3-MA), an inhibitor of autophagy. Genipin treatment reduced the expression of P62 and increased the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3II, indicating increased autophagy. Genipin treatment also alleviated LPS-induced cell apoptosis (down-regulation of Bax, up-regulation of Bcl-2, and decreased number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end label-positive cells) and oxidative stress (increased SOD and decreased MDA content) in the lung. Furthermore, genipin attenuated LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the lung and BALF. These protective effects induced by genipin were reversed by 3-MA treatment, indicating that autophagy was involved in the protective effects exerted by genipin against inflammation and apoptosis in ALI. In A549 cells incubated with LPS for 6 h, genipin treatment increased the number of GFP-LC3 punctae. 3-MA prevented the protective effects of genipin against mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. These findings suggest that genipin protects against apoptosis and inflammation in LPS-induced ALI by promoting autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chengzhou Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Dongcheng Street Hospital of Linqu, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiwang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Institute of Translation Medicine, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China
| | - Huayong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Institute of Translation Medicine, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China.
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou/Institute of Translation Medicine, University of South China, Chenzhou 423000, China.
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Protective Features of Autophagy in Pulmonary Infection and Inflammatory Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020123. [PMID: 30717487 PMCID: PMC6406971 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process involving autolysosomal degradation of cellular components, including protein aggregates, damaged organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and others), as well as various pathogens. Thus, the autophagy pathway represents a major adaptive response for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis in response to numerous cellular stressors. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with diverse human diseases. Specifically, acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammatory responses caused by bacterial infection or xenobiotic inhalation (e.g., chlorine and cigarette smoke) have been reported to involve a spectrum of alterations in autophagy phenotypes. The role of autophagy in pulmonary infection and inflammatory diseases could be protective or harmful dependent on the conditions. In this review, we describe recent advances regarding the protective features of autophagy in pulmonary diseases, with a focus on ALI, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cystic fibrosis.
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Yang M, Wen T, Chen H, Deng J, Yang C, Zhang Z. Knockdown of insulin-like growth factor 1 exerts a protective effect on hypoxic injury of aged BM-MSCs: role of autophagy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:284. [PMID: 30359321 PMCID: PMC6202872 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) has been demonstrated to be an excellent cellular-based therapeutic strategy for treating myocardial infarction (MI). However, most of the patients suffering with MI are elderly. Hypoxic conditions can cause apoptosis of BM-MSCs, and this type of apoptosis is more prevalent in aged BM-MSCs. Decreased autophagy is one of the mechanisms underlying aging. The aim of this study is to uncover whether the increased hypoxic injury of aged BM-MSCs is due to autophagy and whether reducing autophagy diminishes the tolerance of hypoxia in aged BM-MSCs. METHODS Young and aged BM-MSCs were isolated from male young and aged GFP/Fluc transgenic C57BL/6 mice respectively and then exposed to hypoxia and serum deprivation (H/SD) injury. The apoptosis level induced by H/SD was measured by terminal deoxynucleotidy transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Additionally, autophagy was analyzed via transfection with plasmids encoding green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein lightchain3 (GFP-LC3), and autophagic vacuoles were visualized with transmission electron microscopy. Meanwhile, protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. Autophagic activity was manipulated by the administration of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor siRNA) and 3-methyladenine (3MA). Furthermore, young, aged, and the IGF-1 siRNA-transfected aged BM-MSCs were transplanted to myocardial infarcted adult C57BL/6 mice respectively. In vivo longitudinal in vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) of transplanted BM-MSCs was performed to monitor the survival of transplanted BM-MSCs in each groups. RESULTS Aged BM-MSCs exhibited a higher rate of apoptosis compared with young BM-MSCs under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, the level of autophagy was lower in aged BM-MSCs compared with young BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Meanwhile, hypoxia decreased the activity of the protein kinase B (Akt) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in young and aged BM-MSCs, but aged BM-MSCs exhibited a relatively stronger Akt/mTOR activity compared with young BM-MSCs. In addition, IGF-1 knockdown significantly decreased the level of apoptosis in aged BM-MSCs under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. IGF-1 knockdown also decreased the activity of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and increased the level of autophagy in aged BM-MSCs under hypoxic condition. Furthermore, IGF-1 knockdown protected aged BM-MSCs from hypoxic injury by increasing the level of autophagy, thereby promoting the survival of aged BM-MSCs after myocardial infarction transplantation. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that reducing autophagy decreases the hypoxia tolerance of aged BM-MSCs. Maintaining optimal levels of autophagy may serve as a new strategy in treating MI by BM-MSC transplantation in aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University , Beijing, 100044 China
| | - Tong Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Haixu Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853 China
| | - Jingyu Deng
- Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001 Liaoning China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of the PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, 100088 China
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Wang X, Gao Y, Yang Q, Fang X, Li Z. Pingchuanning decoction attenuates airway inflammation by suppressing autophagy via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in rat models of asthma. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3833-3844. [PMID: 30260006 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pingchuanning decoction is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of airway inflammatory diseases, including asthma. However, the potential mechanism by which Pingchuanning decoction contributes to the amelioration of airway inflammation remains unknown. METHODS A rat model of asthma was well established by inducing ovalbumin. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were used as cellular model. Lung histopathology and goblet cell hyperplasia were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and periodic acid Schiff staining, respectively. Total inflammatory cells count and RTE cell apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The autophagic activities were evaluated by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis and Western blot analysis of autophagy-related proteins. We also detected the effects of Pingchuanning decoction on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) and high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-mediated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB pathways-related proteins and inflammatory cytokines using the Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Pingchuanning decoction effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology and autophagy. Treatment with Pingchuanning decoction activated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibited HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which could be overturned by LY294002, a PI3K antagonist, or rapamycin (Rapa), an autophagy inducer. CONCLUSION Pingchuanning decoction exerted a therapeutic effect on asthma by inhibiting autophagy via PI3K/Akt /mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Wang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yating Gao
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qinjun Yang
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiangming Fang
- Library of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zegeng Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Respiratory Disease Prevention, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW ARDS is a severe pulmonary disease characterized by inflammation. However, inflammation-directed therapies have yet failed to improve the outcome in ARDS patients. One of the reasons may be the underestimated complexity of inflammation. Here, we summarize recent insights into the complex interrelations between inflammatory circuits. RECENT FINDINGS Gene expression analysis from animal models or from patients with ARDS, sepsis or trauma show an enormous number of differentially expressed genes with highly significant overlaps between the various conditions. These similarities, however, should not obscure the complexity of inflammation. We suggest to consider inflammation in ARDS as a system controlled by scale-free networks of genome-wide molecular interaction with hubs (e.g. NFκB, C/EBPβ, ATF3), exhibiting nonlinear emergence and the ability to adapt, meaning for instance that mild and life-threatening inflammation in ARDS are distinct processes. In order to comprehend this complex system, it seems necessary to combine model-driven simulations, data-driven modelling and hypothesis-driven experimental studies. Recent experimental studies have illustrated how several regulatory circuits interact during pulmonary inflammation, including the resolution of inflammation, the inflammasome, autophagy and apoptosis. SUMMARY We suggest that therapeutic interventions in ARDS should be based on a systems approach to inflammation.
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Long F, Jiang H, Yi H, Su L, Sun J. Particulate matter 2.5 induced bronchial epithelial cell injury via activation of 5′‐adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase‐mediated autophagy. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:3294-3305. [PMID: 30203496 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Yiyuan County People’s Hospital Yiyuan Shandong Province China
| | - Hongli Yi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Lili Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
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Wang L, Yin Y, Hou G, Kang J, Wang Q. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPARγ) Plays a Protective Role in Cigarette Smoking-Induced Inflammation via AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5168-5177. [PMID: 30044769 PMCID: PMC6071495 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor in multiple chronic pulmonary diseases. This study aims to investigate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) g in cigarette smoking-induced inflammation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cigarette smoking extract (CSE) was employed to induce inflammation in bronchial epithelial cells (BECs). After CSE administration, several autophagy-related proteins (Beclin1, autophagy-related gene (ATG)5, ATG7, p62, and LC3) and PPARg levels were examined by western blot. Subsequently, PPARg agonists and antagonist were used to treat CSE-induced BECs, several inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2) and autophagy-related proteins were detected to measure the inflammatory and autophagy levels. Then LC3 knockdown was performed to verify the role of autophagy in CSE-induced inflammation. Finally, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream S6 kinase (S6K) were detected in CSE-stimulated BECs. RESULTS CSE administration caused insufficient autophagy and the decrease of PPARγ in BECs. The PPARγ agonists ameliorate the CSE-induced inflammation and promote the autophagy development, evidenced by the changes of inflammatory factors and autophagy-related proteins. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that the PPARγ played an anti-inflammatory role in an autophagy-dependent manner. In addition, CSE administration inactivated the AMPK signaling, which was restored by PPARγ agonists. The effects of PPARγ agonists on inflammation and autophagy could be abolished by AMPK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that PPARγ played a protective role in CSE-induced inflammation and autophagy by activating AMPK signaling in BECs, which may provide investigation basis for clinical therapy of chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Yan Yin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Gang Hou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Jian Kang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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Samitas K, Carter A, Kariyawasam HH, Xanthou G. Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited. Allergy 2018; 73:993-1002. [PMID: 29197105 DOI: 10.1111/all.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma often co-exist. The one airway model proposes that disease mechanisms occurring in the upper airway may mirror lower airway events. Airway remodelling is the term used to describe tissue structural changes that occur in a disease setting and reflect the dynamic process of tissue restructuring during wound repair. Remodelling has been long identified in the lower airways in asthma and is characterized by epithelial shedding, goblet cell hyperplasia, basement membrane thickening, subepithelial fibrosis, airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and increased angiogenesis. The concept of upper airway remodelling has only recently been introduced, and data so far are limited and often conflicting, an indication that more detailed studies are needed. Whilst remodelling changes in AR are limited, CRS phenotypes demonstrate epithelial hyperplasia, increased matrix deposition and degradation along with accumulation of plasma proteins. Despite extensive research over the past years, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in airway remodelling remain incompletely defined. This review describes our current rather limited understanding of airway remodelling processes in AR, CRS and asthma and presents mechanisms both shared and distinct between the upper and lower airways. Delineation of shared and disease-specific pathogenic mechanisms of remodelling between the sinonasal system and the lung may guide the rational design of more effective therapeutic strategies targeting upper and lower airways concomitantly and improving the health of individuals with inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Samitas
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory; Division of Cell Biology; Centre for Basic Research; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA); Athens Greece
| | - A. Carter
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Medical Rhinology; Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital; London UK
| | - H. H. Kariyawasam
- Department of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Medical Rhinology; Royal National Throat Nose Ear Hospital; London UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; University College London Hospital and University College London; London UK
| | - G. Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Laboratory; Division of Cell Biology; Centre for Basic Research; Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA); Athens Greece
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Neferine, is not inducer but blocker for macroautophagic flux targeting on lysosome malfunction. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1516-1521. [PMID: 29197576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neferine, an alkaloid isolated from Lotus seeds, displays multiple pharmacological effects that counter cancer, oxidants, and arrhythmia. It was initially identified as a strong inducer for macroautophagy in cancer cells by suppressing AMPK/mTOR signaling. In this study, we found that autophagy signaling was inhibited in the condition of neferine treatment. Exposure to neferine resulted in the accumulation of LC3-II and an associated adaptor protein, p62/SQSTM1. Knockdown of ATG5 failed to reduce the accumulation of LC3-II induced by neferine. The electron microscopy (EM) images showed that neferine induce accumulation of multi-vesicle bodies (MVB) and failure of lysosome maturation. Moreover, exposure to neferine reduced maturation of cathepsin D and impaired the degradation of autophagic and phagocytic cargos. Rather than stimulate autophagic flux, the data indicate that neferine impaired lysosomes to block degradation within phagolysosomes.
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