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Cooney AL, Loza LM, Najdawi K, Brommel CM, McCray PB, Sinn PL. High ionic strength vector formulations enhance gene transfer to airway epithelia. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:9369-9383. [PMID: 39077931 PMCID: PMC11381324 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy is ensuring sufficient transduction of airway epithelia to achieve therapeutic correction. Hypertonic saline (HTS) is frequently administered to people with CF to enhance mucus clearance. HTS transiently disrupts epithelial cell tight junctions, but its ability to improve gene transfer has not been investigated. Here, we asked if increasing the concentration of NaCl enhances the transduction efficiency of three gene therapy vectors: adenovirus, AAV, and lentiviral vectors. Vectors formulated with 3-7% NaCl exhibited markedly increased transduction for all three platforms, leading to anion channel correction in primary cultures of human CF epithelial cells and enhanced gene transfer in mouse and pig airways in vivo. The mechanism of transduction enhancement involved tonicity but not osmolarity or pH. Formulating vectors with a high ionic strength solution is a simple strategy to greatly enhance efficacy and immediately improve preclinical or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Cooney
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Marquez Loza
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kenan Najdawi
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christian M Brommel
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paul B McCray
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Patrick L Sinn
- University of Iowa, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Pappajohn Biomedical Institute; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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2
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Mao Z, Wang C, Liu J, Li X, Duan H, Ye Y, Liu H, Lv L, Xue G, He Z, Wuren T, Wang H. Superoxide dismutase 1-modified dental pulp stem cells alleviate high-altitude pulmonary edema by inhibiting oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Gene Ther 2024; 31:422-433. [PMID: 38834681 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00457-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a deadly form of altitude sickness, and there is no effective treatment for HAPE. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a type of mesenchymal stem cell isolated from dental pulp tissues and possess various functions, such as anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress. DPSCs have been used to treat a variety of diseases, but there are no studies on treating HAPE. In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to acute low-pressure hypoxia to establish the HAPE model, and SOD1-modified DPSCs (DPSCsHiSOD1) were administered through the tail vein. Pulmonary arterial pressure, lung water content (LWC), total lung protein content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung homogenates, oxidative stress, and inflammatory indicators were detected to evaluate the effects of DPSCsHiSOD1 on HAPE. Rat type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) were used to investigate the effects and mechanism of DPSCsHiSOD1 on hypoxia injury. We found that DPSCs could treat HAPE, and the effect was better than that of dexamethasone treatment. SOD1 modification could enhance the function of DPSCs in improving the structure of lung tissue, decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure and LWC, and reducing the total lung protein content of BALF and lung homogenates, through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, we found that DPSCsHiSOD1 could protect RLE-6TN from hypoxic injury by reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our findings confirm that SOD1 modification could enhance the anti-oxidative stress ability of DPSCs through the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway. DPSCs, especially DPSCsHiSOD1, could be a potential treatment for HAPE. Schematic diagram of the antioxidant stress mechanism of DPSCs in the treatment of high-altitude pulmonary edema. DPSCs can alleviate oxidative stress by releasing superoxide dismutase 1, thereby reducing ROS production and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway to ameliorate lung cell injury in HAPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Mao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Changyao Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Juanli Liu
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'ning, 810007, China
| | - Xue Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Han Duan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - Yi Ye
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
| | - Lin Lv
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Guanzhen Xue
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China
| | - Zhichao He
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Tana Wuren
- Key Laboratory for Application of High-Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China.
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xi'ning, 810008, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
- College of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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3
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Cooney AL, Loza LM, Najdawi K, Brommel CM, McCray PB, Sinn PL. High ionic strength vector formulations enhance gene transfer to airway epithelia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576687. [PMID: 38328187 PMCID: PMC10849541 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A fundamental challenge for cystic fibrosis (CF) gene therapy is ensuring sufficient transduction of airway epithelia to achieve therapeutic correction. Hypertonic saline (HTS) is frequently administered to people with CF to enhance mucus clearance. HTS transiently disrupts epithelial cell tight junctions, but its ability to improve gene transfer has not been investigated. Here we asked if increasing the concentration of NaCl enhances the transduction efficiency of three gene therapy vectors: adenovirus, AAV, and lentiviral vectors. Vectors formulated with 3-7% NaCl exhibited markedly increased transduction for all three platforms, leading to anion channel correction in primary cultures of human CF epithelial cells and enhanced gene transfer in mouse and pig airways in vivo. The mechanism of transduction enhancement involved tonicity but not osmolarity or pH. Formulating vectors with a high ionic strength solution is a simple strategy to greatly enhance efficacy and immediately improve preclinical or clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Cooney
- University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Marquez Loza
- University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kenan Najdawi
- University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Christian M. Brommel
- University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paul B. McCray
- University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Patrick L. Sinn
- University of Iowa, Department of Pediatrics; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Center for Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy; Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- University of Iowa, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Lakowicz JR, Badugu R, Sivashanmugan K, Reece A. Remote Measurements of Tear Electrolyte Concentrations on Both Sides of an Inserted Contact Lens. CHEMOSENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 11:463. [PMID: 38274567 PMCID: PMC10810336 DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors11080463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a method is described to perform ion concentration measurements on both sides of an inserted contact lens, without physical contact with the eye or the contact lens. The outer surface of an eye is covered with a tear film that has multiple layers. The central aqueous layer contains electrolytes and proteins. When a contact lens is inserted, it becomes localized in the central layer, which creates two layers known as the pre-lens tear film (PLTF) and the post-lens tear film (PoLTF). The PoLTF is in direct contact with the sensitive corneal epithelial cells which control electrolyte concentrations in tears. It is difficult to measure the overall electrolyte concentration in tears because of the small 7 μL volume of bulk tears. No methods are known, and no method has been proposed, to selectively measure the concentrations of electrolytes in the smaller volumes of the PLTF and the PoLTF. In this paper, we demonstrate the ability to localize fluorophores on each side of a contact lens without probe mixing or diffusion across the lens. We measured the concentration of sodium in the region of the PoLTF using a sodium-sensitive fluorophore positioned on the inner surface of a contact lens. The fluorescence measurements do not require physical contact and are mostly independent of eye motion and fluorophore concentration. The method is generic and can be combined with ion-sensitive fluorophores for the other electrolytes in tears. Instrumentation for non-contact measurements is likely to be inexpensive with modern opto-electronic devices. We expect these lenses to be used for measurements of other ions in the PLTF and the PoLTF, and thus become useful for both research and in the diagnosis of infections, keratitis and biomarkers for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ramachandram Badugu
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kundan Sivashanmugan
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Albert Reece
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine,
Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive
Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St.,
Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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5
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Shan E, Yu Y, Tang W, Wang W, Wang X, Zhou S, Gao Y. miR-330-3p alleviates the progression of atherosclerosis by downregulating AQP9. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:77. [PMID: 36879069 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of AQP9 in AS is not well understood. In the present study, we predicted that miR-330-3p might regulate AQP9 in AS through bioinformatics analysis, and we established AS model using ApoE-/- mouse (C57BL/6) with high-fat diet (HFD). Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Oil red O staining were used to determine atherosclerotic lesions. CCK8 and Ethyny1-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used to investigate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) proliferation after treatment with 100 μg/mL ox-LDL. Wound scratch healing and transwell assays were used to measure the cell invasion and migration ability. Flow cytometry assay was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to investigate the binding of miR-330-3p and AQP9. We identified that the expression of miR-330-3p in AS mice model decreased while the expression level of AQP9 increased. miR-330-3p overexpression or down-regulation of AQP9 could reduce cell apoptosis, promote cell proliferation, and migration after ox-LDL treatment. Dual-luciferase reporter assay result presented that AQP9 was directly inhibited by miR-330-3p. These results suggest that miR-330-3p inhibits AS by regulating AQP9. miR-330-3p/AQP9 axis may be a new therapeutic target for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erbo Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenbo Tang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiangkui Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Huaibei General Miner Hospital, Huaibei, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yong Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Vascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, No. 287 Changhuai Road, Bengbu, 233004, China.
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6
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Volkart S, Kym U, Braissant O, Delgado-Eckert E, Al-Samir S, Angresius R, Huo Z, Holland-Cunz S, Gros SJ. AQP1 in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Mice: Expression Pattern and Impact of AQP1 Knockout on Colonic Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043616. [PMID: 36835026 PMCID: PMC9959819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is one of thirteen known mammalian aquaporins. Its main function is the transport of water across cell membranes. Lately, a role of AQP has been attributed to other physiological and pathological functions including cell migration and peripheral pain perception. AQP1 has been found in several parts of the enteric nervous system, e.g., in the rat ileum and in the ovine duodenum. Its function in the intestine appears to be multifaceted and is still not completely understood. The aim of the study was to analyze the distribution and localization of AQP1 in the entire intestinal tract of mice. AQP1 expression was correlated with the hypoxic expression profile of the various intestinal segments, intestinal wall thickness and edema, as well as other aspects of colon function including the ability of mice to concentrate stools and their microbiome composition. AQP1 was found in a specific pattern in the serosa, the mucosa, and the enteric nervous system throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The highest amount of AQP1 in the gastrointestinal tract was found in the small intestine. AQP1 expression correlated with the expression profiles of hypoxia-dependent proteins such as HIF-1α and PGK1. Loss of AQP1 through knockout of AQP1 in these mice led to a reduced amount of bacteroidetes and firmicutes but an increased amount of the rest of the phyla, especially deferribacteres, proteobacteria, and verrucomicrobia. Although AQP-KO mice retained gastrointestinal function, distinct changes regarding the anatomy of the intestinal wall including intestinal wall thickness and edema were observed. Loss of AQP1 might interfere with the ability of the mice to concentrate their stool and it is associated with a significantly different composition of the of the bacterial stool microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Volkart
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Kym
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Microcalorimetry Unit, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edgar Delgado-Eckert
- Computational Physiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Engineering at University of Basel and University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samer Al-Samir
- Vegetative Physiologie 4220, Zentrum Physiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Angresius
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zihe Huo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie J. Gros
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children’s Hospital Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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7
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Wang Q, Li Y, Wu C, Wang T, Wu M. Aquaporin-1 inhibition exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury in mouse. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:84-92. [PMID: 36075463 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which involves severe inflammation and edema, is an inevitable feature of the lung transplantation process and leads to primary graft dysfunction (PGD). The activation of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) modulates fluid transport in the alveolar space. The current study investigated the role of AQP1 in ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury. METHODS A mouse model of lung IR was established by clamping the left lung hilar for 1 h and released for reperfusion for 24 h. The AQP1 inhibitor acetazolamide (AZA) was administered 3 days before lung ischemia with a dose of 100 mg/kg per day via gavage. Lung injury was evaluated using the ratio of wet-to-dry weight, peripheral bronchial epithelial thickness, degree of angioedema, acute lung injury score, neutrophil infiltration, and cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. RESULTS Compared with sham treatment, ischemia with no reperfusion (IR 0h) and ischemia with reperfusion for 24 h (IR 24 h) significantly upregulated AQP1 expression, increased the wet/dry weight ratio, angioedema, neutrophil infiltration and cytokine production (interleukin -6 and tumor necrosis factor -α) and thickened the peripheral bronchial epithelium. AZA exacerbated inflammation and pulmonary edema. CONCLUSION AQP1 may exert a protective effect against IR-induced lung injury, which could be attributed to alleviating pulmonary edema and inflammation. AQP1 upregulation might be a potential application to alleviate lung IRI and decrease the incidence of PGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Chuanqiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Key Laboratory of The Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Trauma and Burn of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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8
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Chuang YC, Wu SY, Huang YC, Peng CK, Tang SE, Huang KL. Cell volume restriction by mercury chloride reduces M1-like inflammatory response of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1074986. [PMID: 36582541 PMCID: PMC9792784 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1074986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macrophages in the pro-inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) sub-phenotypes is a crucial element in several inflammation-related diseases and injuries. We investigated the role of aquaporin (AQP) in macrophage polarization using AQP pan-inhibitor mercury chloride (HgCl2). Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) induced the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-9 which increased the cell size of bone marrow-derived macrophages. The inhibition of AQPs by HgCl2 abolished cell size changes and significantly suppressed M1 polarization. HgCl2 significantly reduced the activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and inhibited the production of IL-1β. HgCl2 attenuated LPS-induced activation of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species production and autophagy was promoted by HgCl2. The increase in the light chain three II/light chain three I ratio and the reduction in PTEN-induced kinase one expression suggests the recycling of damaged mitochondria and the restoration of mitochondrial activity by HgCl2. In summary, the present study demonstrates a possible mechanism of the AQP inhibitor HgCl2 in macrophage M1 polarization through the restriction of cell volume change, suppression of the p38 MAPK/NFκB pathway, and promotion of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chieh Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Research and Development, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kan Peng
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-En Tang
- Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,*Correspondence: Kun-Lun Huang,
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9
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Huang Y, Yan S, Su Z, Xia L, Xie J, Zhang F, Du Z, Hou X, Deng J, Hao E. Aquaporins: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of digestive system diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1069310. [PMID: 36532729 PMCID: PMC9752864 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1069310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of transmembrane proteins expressed in various organ systems. Many studies have shown that the abnormal expression of AQPs is associated with gastrointestinal, skin, liver, kidneys, edema, cancer, and other diseases. The majority of AQPs are expressed in the digestive system and have important implications for the physiopathology of the gastrointestinal tract as well as other tissues and organs. AQP regulators can prevent and treat most gastrointestinal-related diseases, such as colorectal cancer, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer. Although recent studies have proposed clinically relevant AQP-targeted therapies, such as the development of AQP inhibitors, clinical trials are still lacking and there are many difficulties. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in China for thousands of years to prevent, treat and diagnose diseases, and is under the guidance of Chinese medicine (CM) theory. Herein, we review the latest research on the regulation of AQPs by TCMs and their active components, including Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Astragali radix, and another 26 TCMs, as well as active components, which include the active components include anthraquinones, saponins, polysaccharides, and flavonoid glycosides. Through our review and discussion of numerous studies, we attempt to explore the regulatory effects of TCMs and their active components on AQP expression in the corresponding parts of the body in terms of the Triple Energizer concept in Chinese medicine defined as "upper energizer, middle energizer, and lower energizer,"so as to offer unique opportunities for the development of AQP-related therapeutic drugs for digestive system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Shidu Yan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zixia Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Xia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jinling Xie
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengcai Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaotao Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Jiagang Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Erwei Hao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Research on Functional Ingredients of Agricultural Residues, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of TCM Formulas Theory and Transformation for Damp Diseases, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
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10
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Huang P, Zhang J, Duan W, Jiao J, Leng A, Qu J. Plant polysaccharides with anti-lung injury effects as a potential therapeutic strategy for COVID-19. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:982893. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.982893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develops into the severe phase, lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and/or respiratory failure could develop within a few days. As a result of pulmonary tissue injury, pathomorphological changes usually present endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory cell infiltration of the lung interstitium, defective gas exchange, and wall leakage. Consequently, COVID-19 may progress to tremendous lung injury, ongoing lung failure, and death. Exploring the treatment drugs has important implications. Recently, the application of traditional Chinese medicine had better performance in reducing fatalities, relieving symptoms, and curtailing hospitalization. Through constant research and study, plant polysaccharides may emerge as a crucial resource against lung injury with high potency and low side effects. However, the absence of a comprehensive understanding of lung-protective mechanisms impedes further investigation of polysaccharides. In the present article, a comprehensive review of research into plant polysaccharides in the past 5 years was performed. In total, 30 types of polysaccharides from 19 kinds of plants have shown lung-protective effects through the pathological processes of inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and immunomodulation by mediating mucin and aquaporins, macrophage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neutrophil, TGF-β1 pathways, Nrf2 pathway, and other mechanisms. Moreover, the deficiencies of the current studies and the future research direction are also tentatively discussed. This research provides a comprehensive perspective for better understanding the mechanism and development of polysaccharides against lung injury for the treatment of COVID-19.
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11
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Frisoni P, Diani L, De Simone S, Bosco MA, Cipolloni L, Neri M. Forensic Diagnosis of Freshwater or Saltwater Drowning Using the Marker Aquaporin 5: An Immunohistochemical Study. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58101458. [PMID: 36295616 PMCID: PMC9610618 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Aquaporins are a family of water channel proteins. In this study, the renal and intrapulmonary expression of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) was examined in forensic autopsy cases to evaluate it as a drowning marker and to differentiate between freshwater drowning and saltwater drowning. Materials and Methods: Cases were classified into three groups: freshwater drowning (FWD), saltwater drowning (SWD), and controls (CTR). Samples were obtained from forensic autopsies at less than 72 h postmortem (15 FWD cases, 15 SWD cases, and 17 other cases) and were subjected to histological and immunohistochemical investigations. Results: In FWD group, intrapulmonary AQP5 expression was significantly suppressed compared with SWD and CTR; there was no significant difference in AQP5 expression among the other two groups. The same differences in expression were also observed in the kidney. Conclusions: These observations suggest that AQP5 expression in alveolar cells was suppressed by hypotonic water to prevent hemodilution. Moreover, it is possible to hypothesize that in the kidney, with the appearance of hypo-osmotic plasma, AQP5 is hypo-expressed, as a vital reaction, to regulate the renal reabsorption of water. In conclusion, the analysis of renal and intrapulmonary AQP5 expression would be forensically useful for differentiation between FWD and SWD, or between FWD and death due to other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Frisoni
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Azienda USL di Ferrara, Via Arturo Cassoli 30, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Diani
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania De Simone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonella Bosco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Legal Medicine University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 70, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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12
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The Interplay between Aquaporin-1 and the Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α in a Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Lung Injury Model in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810588. [PMID: 36142499 PMCID: PMC9502402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), a water channel, and the hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1A) are implicated in acute lung injury responses, modulating among others pulmonary vascular leakage. We hypothesized that the AQP1 and HIF1A systems interact, affecting mRNA, protein levels and function of AQP1 in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, the role of AQP1 in apoptosis and wound healing progression was examined. Both AQP1 mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in HPMECs exposed to LPS compared to untreated HPMECs. However, in the LPS-exposed HIF1A-silenced cells, the mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP1 remained unaltered. In the permeability experiments, a statistically significant volume increase was observed at the 360 s time-point in the LPS-exposed HPMECs, while LPS-exposed HIF1A-silenced HPMECs did not exhibit cell swelling, implying a dysfunctional AQP1. AQP1 did not seem to affect cell apoptosis yet could interfere with endothelial migration and/or proliferation. Based on our results, it seems that HIF1A silencing negatively affects AQP1 mRNA and protein expression, as well as AQP1 function, in the setting of lung injury.
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13
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Satta E, Alfarone C, De Maio A, Gentile S, Romano C, Polverino M, Polverino F. Kidney and lung in pathology: mechanisms and clinical implications. Multidiscip Respir Med 2022; 17:819. [PMID: 35127080 PMCID: PMC8791019 DOI: 10.4081/mrm.2022.819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a close, physiological, relationship between kidney and lung that begin in the fetal age, and is aimed to keep homeostatic balance in the body. From a pathological point of view, the kidneys could be damaged by inflammatory mediators or by immune-mediated factors linked to a primary lung disease or, conversely, it could be the kidney disease that causes lung damage. Non-immunological mechanisms are frequently involved in renal and pulmonary diseases, as observed in chronic conditions. This crosstalk have clinical and therapeutic consequences. This review aims to describe the pulmonary-renal link in physiology and in pathological conditions.
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14
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Prangenberg J, Doberentz E, Madea B. Mini Review: Forensic Value of Aquaporines. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:793140. [PMID: 34977094 PMCID: PMC8718671 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.793140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Forensic pathologists are routinely confronted with unclear causes of death or findings. In some scenarios, it can be difficult to answer the specific questions posed by criminal investigators or prosecutors. Such scenarios may include questions about wound vitality or causes of death when typical or landmark findings are difficult to find. In addition to the usual subsequent examinations to clarify unclear causes of death or special questions, immunohistochemical analysis has become increasingly important since its establishment in the early 40s of the 20th century. Since then, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the usefulness and significance of immunohistochemical investigations on various structures and proteins. These proteins include, for example, aquaporins, which belong to the family of water channels. They enable the transport of water and of small molecules, such as glycerol, through biological channels and so far, 13 classes of aquaporins could have been identified in vertebrates. The classic aquaporin channels 1, 2, 4 and 5 are only permeable to water. The aquaporin channels 3, 7, 9, and 10 are also called aquaglycerolporins since they can also transport glycerol. This mini review discusses the immunohistochemical research on aquaporins, their range of applications, and respective forensic importance, their current limitations, and possible further implementations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elke Doberentz
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Burkhard Madea
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Lechasseur A, Mouchiroud M, Tremblay F, Bouffard G, Milad N, Pineault M, Maranda‐Robitaille M, Routhier J, Beaulieu M, Aubin S, Laplante M, Morissette MC. Glycerol contained in vaping liquids affects the liver and aspects of energy homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15146. [PMID: 35075822 PMCID: PMC8787618 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaping is increasingly popular among the young and adult population. Vaping liquids contained in electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are mainly composed of propylene glycol and glycerol, to which nicotine and flavors are added. Among several biological processes, glycerol is a metabolic substrate used for lipid synthesis in fed state as well as glucose synthesis in fasting state. We aimed to investigate the effects of glycerol e-cigarette aerosol exposure on the aspects of glycerol and glucose homeostasis. Adult and young male and female mice were exposed to e-cigarette aerosols with glycerol as vaping liquid using an established whole-body exposure system. Mice were exposed acutely (single 2-h exposure) or chronically (2 h/day, 5 days/week for 9 weeks). Circulating glycerol and glucose levels were assessed and glycerol as well as glucose tolerance tests were performed. The liver was also investigated to assess changes in the histology, lipid content, inflammation, and stress markers. Lung functions were also assessed as well as hepatic mRNA expression of genes controlling the circadian rhythm. Acute exposure to glycerol aerosols generated by an e-cigarette increased circulating glycerol levels in female mice. Increased hepatic triglyceride and phosphatidylcholine concentrations were observed in female mice with no increase in circulating alanine aminotransferase or evidence of inflammation, fibrosis, or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Chronic exposure to glycerol e-cigarette aerosols mildly impacted glucose tolerance test in young female and male mice. Fasting glycerol, glucose, and insulin remained unchanged. Increased pulmonary resistance was observed in young male mice. Taken together, this study shows that the glycerol contained in vaping liquids can affect the liver as well as the aspects of glucose and glycerol homeostasis. Additional work is required to translate these observations to humans and determine the biological and potential pathological impacts of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Lechasseur
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathilde Mouchiroud
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Félix Tremblay
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Gabrielle Bouffard
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Nadia Milad
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Marie Pineault
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Michaël Maranda‐Robitaille
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Joanie Routhier
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | | | - Sophie Aubin
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu C. Morissette
- Quebec Heart and Lung InstituteUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité LavalQuebecQuebecCanada
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16
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Ezrin Regulates Ca 2+ Ionophore-Induced Plasma Membrane Translocation of Aquaporin-5. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413505. [PMID: 34948308 PMCID: PMC8705411 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-5 (AQP5) is selectively expressed in the apical membrane of exocrine glands, such as salivary, sweat, and submucosal airway glands, and plays important roles in maintaining their secretory functions. Because AQP5 is not regulated by gating, localization on the plasma membrane is important for its water-permeable function. Ezrin is an ezrin-radixin-moesin family protein that serves as a crosslinker between the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton network. It plays important roles in translocation of various membrane proteins to mediate vesicle trafficking to the plasma membrane. In this study, we examined the effects of ezrin inhibition on membrane trafficking of AQP5. Ezrin inhibition selectively suppressed an ionomycin-induced increase in AQP5 translocation to the plasma membrane of mouse lung epithelial cells (MLE-12) without affecting the steady-state level of plasma membrane AQP5. Taken together, our data suggest that AQP5 translocates to the plasma membrane through at least two pathways and that ezrin is selectively involved in a stimulation-dependent pathway.
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17
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Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?-A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema. Int J Legal Med 2021; 136:133-147. [PMID: 34181078 PMCID: PMC8813827 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02619-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation may be challenging if external injuries are missing, and a typical acute emphysema (AE) "disappears" in pre-existing chronic emphysema (CE). Eighty-four autopsy cases were systematically investigated to identify a (histo-) morphological or immunohistochemical marker combination that enables the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation in cases with a pre-existing CE ("AE in CE"). The cases comprised four diagnostic groups, namely "AE", "CE", "acute and chronic emphysema (AE + CE)", and "no emphysema (NE)". Samples from all pulmonary lobes were investigated by conventional histological methods as well as with the immunohistochemical markers Aquaporin 5 (AQP-5) and Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A). Particular attention was paid to alveolar septum ends ("dead-ends") suspected as rupture spots, which were additionally analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The findings in the four diagnostic groups were compared using multivariate analysis and 1-way ANOVA analysis. All morphological findings were found in all four groups. Based on histological and macroscopic findings, a multivariate analysis was able to predict the correct diagnosis "AE + CE" with a probability of 50%, and the diagnoses "AE" and "CE" with a probability of 86% each. Three types of "dead-ends" could be differentiated. One type ("fringed ends") was observed significantly more frequently in AE. The immunohistochemical markers AQP-5 and SP-A did not show significant differences among the examined groups. Though a reliable identification of AE in CE could not be achieved using the examined parameters, our findings suggest that considering many different findings from the macroscopical, histomorphological, and molecular level by multivariate analysis is an approach that should be followed.
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18
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Weidenfeld S, Chupin C, Langner DI, Zetoun T, Rozowsky S, Kuebler WM. Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter SNAT2 counteracts cardiogenic pulmonary edema by driving alveolar fluid clearance. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L486-L497. [PMID: 33439101 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00461.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The constant transport of ions across the alveolar epithelial barrier regulates alveolar fluid homeostasis. Dysregulation or inhibition of Na+ transport causes fluid accumulation in the distal airspaces resulting in impaired gas exchange and respiratory failure. Previous studies have primarily focused on the critical role of amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC), yet activation of ENaC failed to attenuate pulmonary edema in clinical trials. Since 40% of AFC is amiloride-insensitive, Na+ channels/transporters other than ENaC such as Na+-coupled neutral amino acid transporters (SNATs) may provide novel therapeutic targets. Here, we identified a key role for SNAT2 (SLC38A2) in AFC and pulmonary edema resolution. In isolated perfused mouse and rat lungs, pharmacological inhibition of SNATs by HgCl2 and α-methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB) impaired AFC. Quantitative RT-PCR identified SNAT2 as the highest expressed System A transporter in pulmonary epithelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-mediated knockdown of SNAT2 reduced transport of l-alanine across pulmonary epithelial cells. Homozygous Slc38a2-/- mice were subviable and died shortly after birth with severe cyanosis. Isolated lungs of Slc38a2+/- mice developed higher wet-to-dry weight ratios (W/D) as compared to wild type (WT) in response to hydrostatic stress. Similarly, W/D ratios were increased in Slc38a2+/- mice as compared to controls in an acid-induced lung injury model. Our results identify SNAT2 as a functional transporter for Na+ and neutral amino acids in pulmonary epithelial cells with a relevant role in AFC and the resolution of lung edema. Activation of SNAT2 may provide a new therapeutic strategy to counteract and/or reverse pulmonary edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weidenfeld
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cécile Chupin
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tamador Zetoun
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Rozowsky
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wolfgang M Kuebler
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Mukherjee A, MacDonald KD, Kim J, Henderson MI, Eygeris Y, Sahay G. Engineered mutant α-ENaC subunit mRNA delivered by lipid nanoparticles reduces amiloride currents in cystic fibrosis-based cell and mice models. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabc5911. [PMID: 33208364 PMCID: PMC7673816 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) results from mutations in the chloride-conducting CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. Airway dehydration and impaired mucociliary clearance in CF is proposed to result in tonic epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) activity, which drives amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium absorption. Decreasing sodium absorption by inhibiting ENaC can reverse airway surface liquid dehydration. Here, we inhibit endogenous heterotrimeric ENaC channels by introducing inactivating mutant ENaC α mRNA (αmutENaC). Lipid nanoparticles carrying αmutENaC were transfected in CF-based airway cells in vitro and in vivo. We observed a significant decrease in macroscopic as well as amiloride-sensitive ENaC currents and an increase in airway surface liquid height in CF airway cells. Similarly, intranasal transfection of αmutENaC mRNA decreased amiloride-sensitive nasal potential difference in CFTRKO mice. These data suggest that mRNA-based ENaC inhibition is a powerful strategy for reducing mucus dehydration and has therapeutic potential for treating CF in all patients, independent of genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindit Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Kelvin D MacDonald
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Michael I Henderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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20
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Yadav E, Yadav N, Hus A, Yadav JS. Aquaporins in lung health and disease: Emerging roles, regulation, and clinical implications. Respir Med 2020; 174:106193. [PMID: 33096317 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) aka water channels are a family of conserved transmembrane proteins (~30 kDa monomers) expressed in various organ systems. Of the 13 AQPs (AQP0 through AQP12) in the human body, four (AQPs 1, 3, 4, and 5) are expressed in the respiratory system. These channels are conventionally known for mediating transcellular fluid movements. Certain AQPs (aquaglyceroporins) have the capability to transport glycerol and potentially other solutes. There is an emerging body of literature unveiling the non-conventional roles of AQPs such as in cell proliferation and migration, gas permeation, signal potentiation, etc. Initial gene knock-out studies established a physiological role for lung AQPs, particularly AQP5, in maintaining homeostasis, by mediating fluid secretion from submucosal glands onto the airway surface liquid (ASL) lining. Subsequent studies have highlighted the functional significance of AQPs, particularly AQP1 and AQP5 in lung pathophysiology and diseases, including but not limited to chronic and acute lung injury, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), other inflammatory lung conditions, and lung cancer. AQP1 has been suggested as a potential prognostic marker for malignant mesothelioma. Recent efforts are directed toward exploiting AQPs as targets for diagnosis, prevention, intervention, and/or treatment of various lung conditions. Emerging information on regulatory pathways and directed mechanistic research are posited to unravel novel strategies for these clinical implications. Future considerations should focus on development of AQP inhibitors, blockers, and modulators for therapeutic needs, and better understanding the role of lung-specific AQPs in inter-individual susceptibility to chronic lung diseases such as COPD and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Yadav
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Niket Yadav
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0738, USA
| | - Ariel Hus
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
| | - Jagjit S Yadav
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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21
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Luo H, Liu Y, Song Y, Hua Y, Zhu X. Aquaporin 1 affects pregnancy outcome and regulates aquaporin 8 and 9 expressions in the placenta. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:543-554. [PMID: 32542408 PMCID: PMC7431401 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03221-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To explore the effects of aquaporin (AQP) 1 on pregnancy outcome and the association between expression of AQP1 and other AQPs in the placenta and foetal membranes, the rate of copulatory plugs and pregnancy, amniotic fluid (AF) volume, osmolality and composition were determined in AQP1-knockout (AQP1−/−) mice at different gestational days (GD). The expression and location of AQP1 and other AQPs in the placenta and foetal membranes of AQP1−/− mice, AQP1-siRNA transfected WISH cells and oligohydramnios patients were also detected. Compared to control mice, AQP1−/− mice exhibited reduced copulation plug and successful pregnancy rates, but these effects were accompanied by a larger AF volume and lower AF osmolality at late gestation. AQP9 expression was significantly decreased in the placenta and foetal membranes of AQP1−/− mice, while AQP8 level was elevated in the foetal membranes of AQP1−/− mice. Moreover, AQP9 expression was suppressed in WISH cells after AQP1 downregulation. Furthermore, AQP9 expression was associated with AQP1 level in the placenta and foetal membranes in oligohydramnios. AQP1 may play a critical role in regulating pregnancy outcome and maternal-foetal fluid homeostasis. Changes in AQP1 expression may lead to compensatory alterations in AQP8 and AQP9 expression in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yizuo Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xueqiong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 109 Xueyuan Xi Road Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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22
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Wang M, Guo X, Zhao H, Lv J, Wang H, An Y. Adenosine A 2B receptor activation stimulates alveolar fluid clearance through alveolar epithelial sodium channel via cAMP pathway in endotoxin-induced lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L787-L800. [PMID: 32129084 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00195.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have established that the capacity of removing excess fluid from alveoli is impaired in most patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Impaired alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) correlates with poor outcomes. Adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) has the lowest affinity with adenosine among four adenosine receptors. It is documented that A2BAR can activate adenylyl cyclase (AC) resulting in elevated cAMP. Based on the understanding that cAMP is a key regulator of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which is the limited step in sodium transport, we hypothesized that A2BAR signaling may affect AFC in acute lung injury (ALI) through regulating ENaC via cAMP, thus attenuating pulmonary edema. To address this, we utilized pharmacological approaches to determine the role of A2BAR in AFC in rats with endotoxin-induced lung injury and further focused on the mechanisms in vitro. We observed elevated pulmonary A2BAR level in rats with ALI and the similar upregulation in alveolar epithelial cells exposed to LPS. A2BAR stimulation significantly attenuated pulmonary edema during ALI, an effect that was associated with enhanced AFC and increased ENaC expression. The regulatory effects of A2BAR on ENaC-α expression were further verified in cultured alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells. More importantly, activation of A2BAR dramatically increased amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents in ATII cells. Moreover, we observed that A2BAR activation stimulated cAMP accumulation, whereas the cAMP inhibitor abolished the regulatory effect of A2BAR on ENaC-α expression, suggesting that A2BAR activation regulates ENaC-α expression via cAMP-dependent mechanism. Together, these findings suggest that signaling through alveolar epithelial A2BAR promotes alveolar fluid balance during endotoxin-induced ALI by regulating ENaC via cAMP pathway, raising the hopes for treatment of pulmonary edema due to ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Guo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiying Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lv
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Youzhong An
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Carrageta DF, Bernardino RL, Alves MG, Oliveira PF. CFTR regulation of aquaporin-mediated water transport. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2020; 112:163-177. [PMID: 32061340 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an anion channel responsible for the direct transport of bicarbonate and chloride. CFTR-dependent ionic transport is crucial for pH regulation and fluid homeodynamics among epithelial surfaces. Particularly, CFTR performs an essential role in the male reproductive tract, which requires a tight regulation of water and electrolytes in order to produce healthy spermatozoa. The absence or malfunction of CFTR results in cystic fibrosis, the most common lethal disease among Caucasians, that is characterized by an impaired fluid and ionic homeostasis in the whole organism. Due to the wide expression and importance of CFTR, the male reproductive tract is highly affected by cystic fibrosis, resulting in male infertility. Although CFTR is not permeable to water, this protein acts as a regulator of other protein channels, such as aquaporins. In fact, CFTR acts as a molecular partner of aquaporins in epithelial cells, regulating fluid homeodynamics. Herein, up-to-date data concerning the regulation of aquaporin-mediated water transport by CFTR will be discussed, highlighting the role of both channels in the male reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Carrageta
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel L Bernardino
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco G Alves
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro F Oliveira
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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24
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Zhang J, Li S, Liu J, Li L, Deng F, Baikeli B, Li L, Ma X, Liu G. Higher expression levels of aquaporin (AQP)1 and AQP5 in the lungs of arid-desert living Lepus yarkandensis. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1186-1195. [PMID: 31828851 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Water transport across epithelial cells that line the airways and alveoli is a crucial component of lung physiology. Aquaporins (AQPs) facilitate water transport across the air space-capillary barrier in the distal lung. However, the roles of lung AQPs in desert animal adaptation to dry airstream environments are still unclear. A hare (Lepus yarkandensis) only lives in the Tarim Basin, and its living environment is an arid climate with rare precipitation. We studied cellular localization and expression levels of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4 and AQP5 in L. yarkandensis lungs by immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The lung of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) that inhabit in mesic environment was similarly studied. Obtained results in two species of animals were compared to investigate whether AQPs in the lung altered expression in the animal living in arid region. AQP1 was localized to the endothelial cells in capillaries and venules surrounding terminal bronchioles and alveoli. AQP5 was localized to the ciliated columnar cells in terminal bronchioles and the alveolar type I cells in the alveolus. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed higher AQP1 and AQP5 mRNA levels in L. yarkandensis compared to O. cuniculus. Similar results were obtained by Western blot. These results revealed that the higher expression levels of AQP1 and AQP5 played a significant role in water transport in the lungs of arid-desert living L. yarkandensis and might accelerate water transport from capillary compartments to the airspace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, China.,Key Lab of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, China.,Key Lab of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lexing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fang Deng
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | | | - Linrui Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuanye Ma
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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25
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Barranco R, Castiglioni C, Ventura F, Fracasso T. Immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, aquaporin 5, and fibronectin in saltwater drowning and freshwater drowning. Int J Legal Med 2019; 133:1461-1467. [PMID: 31222534 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-019-02105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult in forensic medicine. The aim of this study was to analyze pulmonary tissue reactions in death by drowning. In particular, we focused on the immunohistochemical expression of P-selectin, SP-A, HSP70, AQP-5, and fibronectin to investigate our expression in drowning and to understand whether there are differences between saltwater drowning (SWD) and freshwater drowning (FWD), which may indicate a different pathophysiology. We retrospectively investigated 10 cases of SWD (Mediterranean Sea) from the Institute of Legal Medicine of Genoa (Italy), and 10 cases of FWD (Lake of Geneva) from the University Center of Legal Medicine of Geneva (Switzerland). As control group, we examined 10 cases of death by acute external bleeding, characterized by minimal respiratory distress. As compared with controls, in SWD cases, the results showed a decrease of SP-A expression with membrane patterns. Furthermore, we observed a greater SP-A expression with granular pattern in drowning cases without statistically significant difference between SWD and FWD. For the markers AQP-5, HSP70, fibronectin, and P-selectin, no statistically significant differences were found between SWD, FWD, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Barranco
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, via De' Toni 12, 16132, Genova, Italy.
| | - Claudia Castiglioni
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Ventura
- Department of Legal and Forensic Medicine, University of Genova, via De' Toni 12, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Tony Fracasso
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1206, Geneva, Chemin de la Vulliette 4, 1000, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite five decades of basic and clinical research, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy for this condition and the treatment remains primarily supportive. It is critical to study the molecular and physiologic mechanisms that cause ARDS to improve our understanding of this syndrome and reduce mortality. The goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS. First, we will describe how pulmonary edema fluid accumulates in ARDS due to lung inflammation and increased alveolar endothelial and epithelial permeabilities. Next, we will review how pulmonary edema fluid is normally cleared in the uninjured lung, and describe how these pathways are disrupted in ARDS. Finally, we will explain how clinical trials and preclinical studies of novel therapeutic agents have further refined our understanding of this condition, highlighting, in particular, the study of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Huppert
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Michael A. Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lorraine B. Ware
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA
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27
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Lee SY, Ha EJ, Cho HW, Kim HR, Lee D, Eom YB. Potential forensic application of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) as novel biomarkers for diagnosis of drowning. J Forensic Leg Med 2019; 62:56-62. [PMID: 30677703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drowning is the most common cause of unnatural death worldwide. There is no single biomarker to diagnose drowning, so the diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult tasks in forensic medicine. Especially, distinguishing a victim of drowning from a body disposed of in water following death remains a problem. The objective of this study was to identify specific biomarkers of drowning compared with other causes of death such as hypoxia and postmortem submersion. The present study investigated the intrapulmonary expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), aquaporin-5 (AQP5), surfactant protein-A (SP-A), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) as markers of drowning. In animal experiments, all rats (n = 45) were classified into four groups (drowning, postmortem-submersion, hypoxia and control group). The lungs of experimental animals were analyzed as mRNA expression, immunoblot expression and immunohistochemical staining. qRT-PCR demonstrated increased mRNA expression of RAGE and AQP5 in drowning group compared with that in control, hypoxia and postmortem-submersion group, but not other molecules. Western blotting also showed high expression of RAGE and AQP5 in drowning group, immunostaining of RAGE and AQP5 was highly detected in a linear pattern in type I alveolar epithelial cells, compared with control and postmortem-submersion group. These observations indicate a difference of expression in pulmonary molecular pathology compared with other causes, suggesting RAGE and AQP5 may be useful for differentiation between drowning and postmortem-submersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Lee
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Ha
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Won Cho
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye-Rim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongsup Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Hyejeon College, Hongseoung, Chungnam, 32244, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Bin Eom
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Hwang S, Kang JY, Kim MJ, Shin DM, Hong JH. Carbonic anhydrase 12 mutation modulates membrane stability and volume regulation of aquaporin 5. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 34:179-188. [PMID: 30451023 PMCID: PMC6249555 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1540475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients carrying the carbonic anhydrase12 E143K mutation showed the dry mouth phenotype. The mechanism underlying the modulation of aquaporin 5 and function in the salivary glands by carbonic anhydrase12 remains unknown. In this study, we identified the mislocalised aquaporin 5 in the salivary glands carrying the E143K. The intracellular pH of E143K cells was more acidic than that of the cells carrying wild type. To evaluate the role of carbonic anhydrase12 on the volume regulation of aquaporin 5, the submandibular gland cells were subjected to hypotonic stimuli. E143K enhanced the extent of swelling of cells on hypotonicity. Aquaporin 5 modulates water influx through ion transporters to prevent osmotic imbalance. These results suggest that the carbonic anhydrase12 E143K, including acidification or inflammation, mediates volume dysregulation by the loss of aquaporin 5. Thus, carbonic anhydrase12 may determine sensible effects on the cellular osmotic regulation by modulating aquaporin 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Hwang
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Gachon University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kang
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Kim
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- b Department of Oral Biology , BK21 PLUS Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- a Department of Physiology , College of Medicine, Gachon University , Incheon , Republic of Korea.,c Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University , Incheon , Republic of Korea
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29
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Webster MJ, Tarran R. Slippery When Wet: Airway Surface Liquid Homeostasis and Mucus Hydration. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 81:293-335. [PMID: 30243435 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to regulate cell volume is crucial for normal physiology; equally the regulation of extracellular fluid homeostasis is of great importance. Alteration of normal extracellular fluid homeostasis contributes to the development of several diseases including cystic fibrosis. With regard to the airway surface liquid (ASL), which lies apically on top of airway epithelia, ion content, pH, mucin and protein abundance must be tightly regulated. Furthermore, airway epithelia must be able to switch from an absorptive to a secretory state as required. A heterogeneous population of airway epithelial cells regulate ASL solute and solvent composition, and directly secrete large mucin molecules, antimicrobials, proteases and soluble mediators into the airway lumen. This review focuses on how epithelial ion transport influences ASL hydration and ASL pH, with a specific focus on the roles of anion and cation channels and exchangers. The role of ions and pH in mucin expansion is also addressed. With regard to fluid volume regulation, we discuss the roles of nucleotides, adenosine and the short palate lung and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) as soluble ASL mediators. Together, these mechanisms directly influence ciliary beating and in turn mucociliary clearance to maintain sterility and to detoxify the airways. Whilst all of these components are regulated in normal airways, defective ion transport and/or mucin secretion proves detrimental to lung homeostasis as such we address how defective ion and fluid transport, and a loss of homeostatic mechanisms, contributes to the development of pathophysiologies associated with cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan J Webster
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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30
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Vassiliou AG, Manitsopoulos N, Kardara M, Maniatis NA, Orfanos SE, Kotanidou A. Differential Expression of Aquaporins in Experimental Models of Acute Lung Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:885-894. [PMID: 28882955 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The mammalian lung expresses at least three aquaporin (AQP) water channels whose precise role in lung injury or inflammation is still controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three murine models of lung inflammation and corresponding controls were used to evaluate the expression of Aqp1, Aqp4, Aqp5 and Aqp9: lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury; HCl-induced lung injury; and ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). RESULTS All models yielded increased lung vascular permeability, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid; VILI additionally produced altered lung mechanics. Lung expression of Aqp4 decreased in the models that targeted primarily the alveolar epithelium, i.e. acid aspiration and mechanical ventilation, while Aqp5 expression decreased in the model that appeared to target both the capillary endothelium and alveolar epithelium, i.e. LPS. CONCLUSION Participation of aquaporins in the acute inflammatory process depends on localization and the type of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice G Vassiliou
- GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Manitsopoulos
- GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Matina Kardara
- GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A Maniatis
- GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Stylianos E Orfanos
- GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece .,Second Department of Critical Care, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- GP Livanos and M. Simou Laboratories, First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.,First Department of Critical Care Medicine & Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece
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31
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Meli R, Pirozzi C, Pelagalli A. New Perspectives on the Potential Role of Aquaporins (AQPs) in the Physiology of Inflammation. Front Physiol 2018; 9:101. [PMID: 29503618 PMCID: PMC5820367 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are emerging, in the last few decades, as critical proteins regulating water fluid homeostasis in cells involved in inflammation. AQPs represent a family of ubiquitous membrane channels that regulate osmotically water flux in various tissues and sometimes the transport of small solutes, including glycerol. Extensive data indicate that AQPs, working as water channel proteins, regulate not only cell migration, but also common events essential for inflammatory response. The involvement of AQPs in several inflammatory processes, as demonstrated by their dysregulation both in human and animal diseases, identifies their new role in protection and response to different noxious stimuli, including bacterial infection. This contribution could represent a new key to clarify the dilemma of host-pathogen communications, and opens up new scenarios regarding the investigation of the modulation of specific AQPs, as target for new pharmacological therapies. This review provides updated information on the underlying mechanisms of AQPs in the regulation of inflammatory responses in mammals and discusses the broad spectrum of options that can be tailored for different diseases and their pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Pirozzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
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32
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Ishida Y, Kuninaka Y, Nosaka M, Shimada E, Hata S, Yamamoto H, Hashizume Y, Kimura A, Furukawa F, Kondo T. Forensic application of epidermal AQP3 expression to determination of wound vitality in human compressed neck skin. Int J Legal Med 2018; 132:1375-1380. [PMID: 29356947 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-018-1780-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In forensic practices, it is often difficult to determine wound vitality in compression marks of the neck with naked eyes. AQP1 and AQP3 are the major water channels associated with skin. Thus, we immunohistochemically examined the expression of AQP1 and AQP3 in neck skin samples to discuss their forensic applicability to determination of the wound vitality. Skin samples were obtained from 56 neck compression cases (hanging, 35 cases; strangulation, 21 cases). The intact skin from the same individual was taken as a control. Although AQP1 was immnunostained in dermal capillaries in both the neck compression marks and intact skin samples, there was no significant difference in the magnitude of AQP1 expression between both groups. On the contrary, AQP3-positive signals could be faintly detected in uninjured skin samples, and the positive signals seemed more intense in the keratinocytes in compression regions. Morphometrical analyses revealed that the ratio of AQP3-expressed keratinocytes was significantly enhanced in neck compression regions, compared with control groups. From the viewpoints of forensic pathology, immunohistochemical detection of AQP3 in the neck skin can be considered a valuable marker to diagnose the trace of antemortem compression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ishida
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yumi Kuninaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nosaka
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Emi Shimada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hata
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamamoto
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Yumiko Hashizume
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kimura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fukumi Furukawa
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.,Takatsuki Red Cross Hospital, Japan, 1-1-1 Abuno, Takatsuki, 569-1045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kondo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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33
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Pisegna JM, Langmore SE. The Ice Chip Protocol: A Description of the Protocol and Case Reports. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1044/persp3.sig13.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Pisegna
- Department of Otolaryngology, Boston Medical Center
Boston, MA
- Speech-Language Pathology Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine
Boston, MA
| | - Susan E. Langmore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Boston University Medical Center
Boston, MA
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Peteranderl C, Sznajder JI, Herold S, Lecuona E. Inflammatory Responses Regulating Alveolar Ion Transport during Pulmonary Infections. Front Immunol 2017; 8:446. [PMID: 28458673 PMCID: PMC5394420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium is lined by a tightly balanced fluid layer that allows normal O2 and CO2 exchange and maintains surface tension and host defense. To maintain alveolar fluid homeostasis, both the integrity of the alveolar–capillary barrier and the expression of epithelial ion channels and pumps are necessary to establish a vectorial ion gradient. However, during pulmonary infection, auto- and/or paracrine-acting mediators induce pathophysiological changes of the alveolar–capillary barrier, altered expression of epithelial Na,K-ATPase and of epithelial ion channels including epithelial sodium channel and cystic fibrosis membrane conductance regulator, leading to the accumulation of edema and impaired alveolar fluid clearance. These mediators include classical pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β, TNF-α, interferons, or IL-1β that are released upon bacterial challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae as well as in viral infection with influenza A virus, pathogenic coronaviruses, or respiratory syncytial virus. Moreover, the pro-apoptotic mediator TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, extracellular nucleotides, or reactive oxygen species impair epithelial ion channel expression and function. Interestingly, during bacterial infection, alterations of ion transport function may serve as an additional feedback loop on the respiratory inflammatory profile, further aggravating disease progression. These changes lead to edema formation and impair edema clearance which results in suboptimal gas exchange causing hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Recent preclinical studies suggest that modulation of the alveolar–capillary fluid homeostasis could represent novel therapeutic approaches to improve outcomes in infection-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Huppert LA, Matthay MA. Alveolar Fluid Clearance in Pathologically Relevant Conditions: In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Front Immunol 2017; 8:371. [PMID: 28439268 PMCID: PMC5383664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients with respiratory failure from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have reduced ability to clear alveolar edema fluid. This reduction in alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) contributes to the morbidity and mortality in ARDS. Thus, it is important to understand why AFC is reduced in ARDS in order to design targeted therapies. In this review, we highlight experiments that have advanced our understanding of ARDS pathogenesis, with particular reference to the alveolar epithelium. First, we review how vectorial ion transport drives the clearance of alveolar edema fluid in the uninjured lung. Next, we describe how alveolar edema fluid is less effectively cleared in lungs affected by ARDS and describe selected in vitro and in vivo experiments that have elucidated some of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the reduced AFC. Finally, we describe one potential therapy that targets this pathway: bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs). Based on preclinical studies, MSCs enhance AFC and promote the resolution of pulmonary edema and thus may offer a promising cell-based therapy for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Huppert
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael A Matthay
- Departments of Medicine and Anesthesia, UCSF School of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Hoffman H, Choi AW, Chang V, Kimball J, S. Verkman A, Virani R, Kim B, Niu T, Lu DC. Aquaporin-1 Expression in Herniated Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs. Global Spine J 2017; 7:133-140. [PMID: 28507882 PMCID: PMC5415154 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217694007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case series. OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the cause of spondylosis. The pathogenesis is poorly understood, but disc dehydration often plays a role. In this study, we aim to identify and quantify aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in ex vivo human degenerated IVDs obtained intraoperatively and to investigate the relationship between AQP1 levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 intensity of the disc. METHODS Ex vivo samples of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue from lumbar IVDs were obtained from 18 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1 level. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the presence of AQP1 expression, and this was quantified by Western blot analysis. AQP1 expression was compared to preoperative IVD signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. RESULTS NP tissue was obtained from 18 patients (9 for L4/5 level and 9 for L5/S1 level). AQP1 expression was detected in all samples by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. AQP1 expression had a linear correlation with the preoperative IVD signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI at L4/5 level (R2 = 0.90) and at L5/S1 level (R2 = 0.92). AQP1 expression was 52.2 ± 59.0 at L5/S1 level and 15.9 ± 20.6 at L4/5 (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that AQP1 can be detected in IVD obtained from live human subjects. Increased AQP1 expression is associated with greater disc hydration as measured by signal intensity on T2-weighted MRI. AQP1 may have a role in the dehydration associated with disc degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydn Hoffman
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aaron W. Choi
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,*Contributed equally to this article
| | | | - Jon Kimball
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Kim
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tianyi Niu
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel C. Lu
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Daniel C. Lu, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 Stein Plaza, Ste 536, Los Angeles, CA 90095-6901, USA.
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Wen Z, Wu C, Cui F, Zhang H, Mei B, Shen M. The role of osmolality in saline fluid nebulization after tracheostomy: time for changing? BMC Pulm Med 2016; 16:179. [PMID: 27938371 PMCID: PMC5148908 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0342-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Saline fluid nebulization is highly recommend to combat the complications following tracheostomy, yet the understandings on the role of osmolality in saline solution for nebulization remain unclear. Objectives To investigate the biological changes in the early stage after tracheostomy, to verify the efficacy of saline fluid nebulization and explore the potential role of osmolality of saline nebulization after tracheostomy. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats undergone tracheostomy were taken for study model, the sputum viscosity was detected by rotational viscometer, the expressions of TNF-α, AQP4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were assessed by western blot analysis, and the histological changes in endothelium were evaluated by HE staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Study results revealed that tracheostomy gave rise to the increase of sputum viscosity, TNF-α and AQP4 expression, mucosa and cilia damage, yet the saline fluid nebulization could significantly decrease the changes of those indicators, besides, the hypertonic, isotonic and hypertonic saline nebulization produced different efficacy. Conclusions Osmolality plays an important role in the saline fluid nebulization after tracheostomy, and 3% saline fluid nebulization seems to be more beneficial, further studies on the role of osmolality in saline fluid nebulization are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunjia Wen
- Nursing School of Soochow University, Su Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wu
- Nursing School of Soochow University, Su Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Cui
- Neurosurgery Department of First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Su Zhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Neurosurgery Department of First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Su Zhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Binbin Mei
- Nursing School of Soochow University, Su Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meifen Shen
- Neurosurgery Department of First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, No. 188 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Su Zhou, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Villar IC, Bubb KJ, Moyes AJ, Steiness E, Gulbrandsen T, Levy FO, Hobbs AJ. Functional pharmacological characterization of SER100 in cardiovascular health and disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3386-3401. [PMID: 27667485 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE SER100 is a selective nociceptin (NOP) receptor agonist with sodium-potassium-sparing aquaretic and anti-natriuretic activity. This study was designed to characterize the functional cardiovascular pharmacology of SER100 in vitro and in vivo, including experimental models of cardiovascular disease. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Haemodynamic, ECG parameters and heart rate variability (HRV) were determined using radiotelemetry in healthy, conscious mice. The haemodynamic and vascular effects of SER100 were also evaluated in two models of cardiovascular disease, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and murine hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). To elucidate mechanisms underlying the pharmacology of SER100, acute blood pressure recordings were performed in anaesthetized mice, and the reactivity of rodent aorta and mesenteric arteries in response to electrical- and agonist-stimulation assessed. KEY RESULTS SER100 caused NOP receptor-dependent reductions in mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate that were independent of NO. The hypotensive and vasorelaxant actions of SER100 were potentiated in SHR compared with Wistar Kyoto. Moreover, SER100 reduced several indices of disease severity in experimental PH. Analysis of HRV indicated that SER100 decreased the low/high frequency ratio, an indicator of sympatho-vagal balance, and in electrically stimulated mouse mesenteric arteries SER100 inhibited sympathetic-induced contractions. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS SER100 exerts a chronic hypotensive and bradycardic effects in rodents, including models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension. SER100 produces its cardiovascular effects, at least in part, by inhibition of cardiac and vascular sympathetic activity. SER100 may represent a novel therapeutic candidate in systemic and pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada C Villar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kristen J Bubb
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amie J Moyes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Finn Olav Levy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adrian J Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Saint-Criq V, Gray MA. Role of CFTR in epithelial physiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 74:93-115. [PMID: 27714410 PMCID: PMC5209439 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Salt and fluid absorption and secretion are two processes that are fundamental to epithelial function and whole body fluid homeostasis, and as such are tightly regulated in epithelial tissues. The CFTR anion channel plays a major role in regulating both secretion and absorption in a diverse range of epithelial tissues, including the airways, the GI and reproductive tracts, sweat and salivary glands. It is not surprising then that defects in CFTR function are linked to disease, including life-threatening secretory diarrhoeas, such as cholera, as well as the inherited disease, cystic fibrosis (CF), one of the most common life-limiting genetic diseases in Caucasian populations. More recently, CFTR dysfunction has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the hyper-responsiveness in asthma, underscoring its fundamental role in whole body health and disease. CFTR regulates many mechanisms in epithelial physiology, such as maintaining epithelial surface hydration and regulating luminal pH. Indeed, recent studies have identified luminal pH as an important arbiter of epithelial barrier function and innate defence, particularly in the airways and GI tract. In this chapter, we will illustrate the different operational roles of CFTR in epithelial function by describing its characteristics in three different tissues: the airways, the pancreas, and the sweat gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinciane Saint-Criq
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
| | - Michael A. Gray
- Epithelial Research Group, Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, University Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH UK
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Zheng S, D'Souza VK, Bartis D, Dancer RCA, Parekh D, Naidu B, Gao-Smith F, Wang Q, Jin S, Lian Q, Thickett DR. Lipoxin A 4 promotes lung epithelial repair whilst inhibiting fibroblast proliferation. ERJ Open Res 2016; 2:00079-2015. [PMID: 27957484 PMCID: PMC5140017 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00079-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy that promotes epithelial repair whilst protecting against fibroproliferation is critical for restoring lung function in acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Primary human alveolar type II cells were used to model the effects of lipoxin A4in vitro upon wound repair, proliferation, apoptosis and transdifferention. Effects of lipoxin A4 upon primary human lung fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and myofibroblast differentiation were also assessed. Lipoxin A4 promoted type II cell wound repair and proliferation, blocked the negative effects of soluble Fas ligand/tumour necrosis factor α upon cell proliferation, viability and apoptosis, and augmented the epithelial cell proliferative response to bronchoaveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In contrast, Lipoxin A4 reduced fibroblast proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation induced by transforming growth factor β and BALF from ARDS. The effects of Lipoxin A4 were phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase dependent and mediated via the lipoxin A4 receptor. Lipoxin A4 appears to promote alveolar epithelial repair by stimulating epitheial cell wound repair, proliferation, reducing apoptosis and promoting trans-differentiation of alveolar type II cells into type I cells. Lipoxin A4 reduces fibroblast proliferation, collagen production and myofibroblast differentiation. These data suggest that targeting lipoxin actions may be a therapeutic strategy for treating the resolution phase of ARDS. Lipoxin A4 promotes epithelial repair while inhibiting fibroproliferation in vitro in human alveolar epithelial cellshttp://ow.ly/SxMu301cBRP
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengxing Zheng
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang , China; Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Both authors contributed equally
| | - Vijay K D'Souza
- Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Both authors contributed equally
| | - Domokos Bartis
- Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel C A Dancer
- Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dhruv Parekh
- Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Babu Naidu
- Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fang Gao-Smith
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang , China; Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Qian Wang
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang , China; Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shengwei Jin
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang , China
| | - Qingquan Lian
- Dept of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang , China
| | - David R Thickett
- Centre for Translational Inflammation and Fibrosis Research, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Du Y, Jin HN, Zhao R, Zhao D, Xue Y, Zhu BL, Guan DW, Xie XL, Wang Q. Molecular Pathology of Pulmonary Edema in Forensic Autopsy Cases with Special Regard to Fatal Methamphetamine Intoxication. J Forensic Sci 2016; 61:1531-1537. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Forensic Medicine; National Police University of China, No. 83, Tawan Street, Huangpu District, 110035; Shenyang China
| | - Hong-Nian Jin
- Forensic Science Centre of Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department; No. 3 Beijiaochang Cross Road Yuexiu District 510050 Guangzhou China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Forensic Pathology; China Medical University; School of Forensic Medicine; No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Judicial Civilization, China; Key Laboratory of Evidence Science (China University of Political Science and Law); Ministry of Education; No. 25 West Tucheng Road Haidian District Beijing 100088 China
| | - Ye Xue
- Department of Forensic Pathology; School of Forensic Medicine; Southern Medical University; No. 1838 510515 Guangzhou China
| | - Bao-Li Zhu
- Department of Forensic Pathology; China Medical University; School of Forensic Medicine; No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Da-Wei Guan
- Department of Forensic Pathology; China Medical University; School of Forensic Medicine; No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area Shenyang Liaoning Province China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health; Southern Medical University, (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research); No. 1838 Guangzhou 510515 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology; School of Forensic Medicine; Southern Medical University; No. 1838 510515 Guangzhou China
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Zhang Y, Tian K, Wang Y, Zhang R, Shang J, Jiang W, Wang A. The Effects of Aquaporin-1 in Pulmonary Edema Induced by Fat Embolism Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071183. [PMID: 27455237 PMCID: PMC4964552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the role of aquaporin1 (AQP1) in the pathologic process of pulmonary edema induced by fat embolism syndrome (FES) and the effects of a free fatty acid (FFA) mixture on AQP1 expression in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs). In vivo, edema was more serious in FES mice compared with the control group. The expression of AQP1 and the wet-to-dry lung weight ratio (W/D) in the FES group were significantly increased compared with the control group. At the same time, inhibition of AQP1 decreased the pathological damage resulting from pulmonary edema. Then we performed a study in vitro to investigate whether AQP1 was induced by FFA release in FES. The mRNA and protein level of AQP1 were increased by FFAs in a dose- and time-dependent manner in PMVECs. In addition, the up-regulation of AQP1 was blocked by the inhibitor of p38 kinase, implicating the p38 MAPK pathway as involved in the FFA-induced AQP1 up-regulation in PMVECs. Our results demonstrate that AQP1 may play important roles in pulmonary edema induced by FES and can be regarded as a new therapy target for treatment of pulmonary edema induced by FES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Kun Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jiawei Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Aizhong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Rump K, Siffert W, Peters J, Adamzik M. The Transcription Factor NMP4 Binds to the AQP5 Promoter and Is a Novel Transcriptional Regulator of the AQP5 Gene. DNA Cell Biol 2016; 35:322-7. [PMID: 27058007 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2015.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) is a water channel that regulates water transport, cell migration, and proliferation. Therefore, knowledge of its genetic regulation could be relevant to study these mechanisms. The AQP5 promoter region containing the AQP5-1364 A/C single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) might be an important regulatory region because the SNP is associated with the etiopathology of several diseases. The aim of this study was to identify a transcription factor that binds to this AQP5 promoter region and to investigate its potential impact upon AQP5 expression. In silico analysis revealed nuclear matrix protein 4 (NMP4) as a putative candidate. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed specific binding of NMP4 to the AQP5 promoter region of nt -1370 to nt -1329. Overexpression of NMP4 increased AQP5 promoter activity of the analyzed promoter constructs from nt -469 to nt -1979. Furthermore, an additional NMP4 binding site at position nt -592/nt -602 of the AQP5 promoter was identified. NMP4 overexpression increased AQP5 mRNA expression by 2.5-fold in HEK293 cells. Summarizing, we identified NMP4 as a novel transcriptional regulator of AQP5 expression, which binds to two AQP5 promoter regions. Both regions appear to impact AQP5 expression significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rump
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum-Langendreer der Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum, Germany .,2 Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen , Essen, Germany .,3 Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Winfried Siffert
- 3 Institut für Pharmakogenetik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsklinikum Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Peters
- 2 Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen , Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Adamzik
- 1 Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum-Langendreer der Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Bochum, Germany .,2 Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Essen , Essen, Germany
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Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides ameliorated pulmonary function while inhibiting mucin-5AC and stimulating aquaporin-5 expression. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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45
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Wang L, Shan Y, Ye Y, Jin L, Zhuo Q, Xiong X, Zhao X, Lin L, Miao J. COX-2 inhibition attenuates lung injury induced by skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 31:116-22. [PMID: 26724476 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion accounts for high morbidity and mortality, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is implicated in causing muscle damage. Downregulation of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) transmembrane protein is implicated in skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion induced remote lung injury. The expression of COX-2 in lung tissue and the effect of COX-2 inhibition on AQP-1 expression and lung injury during skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion are not known. We investigated the role of COX-2 in lung injury induced by skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion in rats and evaluated the effects of NS-398, a specific COX-2 inhibitor. METHODS Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups: sham group (SM group), sham+NS-398 group (SN group), ischemia reperfusion group (IR group) and ischemia reperfusion+NS-398 group (IN group). Rats in the IR and IN groups were subjected to 3h of bilateral ischemia followed by 6h of reperfusion in hindlimbs, and intravenous NS-398 8 mg/kg was administered in the IN group. In the SM and SN groups, rubber bands were in place without inflation. At the end of reperfusion, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, COX-2 and AQP-1 protein expression in lung tissue, PGE2 metabolite (PGEM), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were assessed. Histological changes in lung and muscle tissues and wet/dry (W/D) ratio were also evaluated. RESULTS MPO activity, COX-2 expression, W/D ratio in lung tissue, and PGEM, TNF-α and IL-1β levels in BAL fluid were significantly increased, while AQP-1 protein expression downregulated in the IR group as compared to that in the SM group (P<0.05). These changes were remarkably mitigated in the IN group (P<0.05). NS-398 treatment also alleviated histological signs of lung and skeletal muscle injury. CONCLUSION COX-2 protein expression was upregulated in lung tissue in response to skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion. COX-2 inhibition may modulate pulmonary AQP-1 expression and attenuate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangrong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanlu Shan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuzhu Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lida Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qian Zhuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangqing Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiyue Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lina Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
| | - JianXia Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China.
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Cooper GJ, Occhipinti R, Boron WF. CrossTalk proposal: Physiological CO2 exchange can depend on membrane channels. J Physiol 2015; 593:5025-8. [PMID: 26568076 DOI: 10.1113/jp270059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gordon J Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Rossana Occhipinti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Walter F Boron
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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Ampawong S, Chaisri U, Viriyavejakul P, Prapansilp P, Grau GE, Turner GDH, Pongponratn E. A potential role for interleukin-33 and γ-epithelium sodium channel in the pathogenesis of human malaria associated lung injury. Malar J 2015; 14:389. [PMID: 26437894 PMCID: PMC4595310 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0922-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema (PE) in patients with severe malaria is still unclear. It has been hypothesized that lung injury depends, in addition to microvascular obstruction, on an increased pulmonary capillary pressure and altered alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, causing pulmonary fluid accumulation. Methods This study compared the histopathological features of lung injury in Southeast Asian patients (n = 43) who died from severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria, and correlated these with clinical history in groups with or without PE. To investigate the expression of mediators that may influence fluid accumulation in PE, immunohistochemistry and image analysis were performed on controls and sub-sets of patient with or without PE. Results The expression of leukocyte sub-set antigens, bronchial interleukin (IL)-33, γ-epithelium sodium channel (ENaC), aquaporin (AQP)-1 and -5, and control cytokeratin staining was quantified in the lung tissue of severe malaria patients. Bronchial IL-33 expression was significantly increased in severe malaria patients with PE. Malaria patients with shock showed significantly increased bronchial IL-33 compare to other clinical manifestations. Bronchial IL-33 levels were positively correlated with CD68+ monocyte and elastase + neutrophil, septal congestion and hyaline membrane formation. Moreover, the expression of both vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and bronchial γ-ENaC significantly decreased in severe malaria patients with PE. Both VSMC and bronchial γ-ENaC were negatively correlated with the degree of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration, alveolar thickness, alveolar expansion score, septal congestion score, and malarial pigment score. In contrast AQP-1 and -5 and pan cytokeratin levels were similar between groups. Conclusions The results suggest that IL-33 may play a role in lung injury during severe malaria and lead to PE. Both VSMC and bronchial γ-ENaC downregulation may explain pulmonary fluid disturbances and participate in PE pathogenesis in severe malaria patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumate Ampawong
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Panote Prapansilp
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Georges E Grau
- Vascular Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Parramatta Road, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Gareth D H Turner
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Oxford University, Oxford, UK.
| | - Emsri Pongponratn
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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miR-96 and miR-330 overexpressed and targeted AQP5 in lipopolysaccharide-induced rat lung damage of disseminated intravascular coagulation. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2015; 25:731-7. [PMID: 24806323 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a severe clinical condition that can lead to or aggravate the development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Of all types of organ damage, lung damage is the most frequent and most severe. In DIC patients, lung damage is primarily characterized by pulmonary edema. Aquaporin (AQP) 5 is the chief AQP in the lungs and it plays a key role in many processes, including water transport in normal and abnormal lungs. Here we demonstrate that expression of AQP5 and two microRNAs, miR-96 and miR-330, in rat lung of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DIC. We also show that both miR-96 and miR-330 can regulate the expression of AQP5 by binding with its 3'-untranslated region (UTR) by luciferase activity assay. These results suggest that microRNAs are involved in lung damage in LPS-induced rat DIC and can be a potential target for molecular therapy.
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Thaliporphine derivative improves acute lung injury after traumatic brain injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:729831. [PMID: 25705683 PMCID: PMC4330958 DOI: 10.1155/2015/729831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) occurs frequently in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and is associated with a poor clinical outcome. Aquaporins (AQPs), particularly AQP1 and AQP4, maintain water balances between the epithelial and microvascular domains of the lung. Since pulmonary edema (PE) usually occurs in the TBI-induced ALI patients, we investigated the effects of a thaliporphine derivative, TM-1, on the expression of AQPs and histological outcomes in the lung following TBI in rats. TM-1 administered (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) at 3 or 4 h after TBI significantly reduced the elevated mRNA expression and protein levels of AQP1 and AQP4 and diminished the wet/dry weight ratio, which reflects PE, in the lung at 8 and 24 h after TBI. Postinjury TM-1 administration also improved histopathological changes at 8 and 24 h after TBI. PE was accompanied with tissue pathological changes because a positive correlation between the lung injury score and the wet/dry weight ratio in the same animal was observed. Postinjury administration of TM-1 improved ALI and reduced PE at 8 and 24 h following TBI. The pulmonary-protective effect of TM-1 may be attributed to, at least in part, downregulation of AQP1 and AQP4 expression after TBI.
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50
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Brune K, Frank J, Schwingshackl A, Finigan J, Sidhaye VK. Pulmonary epithelial barrier function: some new players and mechanisms. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L731-45. [PMID: 25637609 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00309.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary epithelium serves as a barrier to prevent access of the inspired luminal contents to the subepithelium. In addition, the epithelium dictates the initial responses of the lung to both infectious and noninfectious stimuli. One mechanism by which the epithelium does this is by coordinating transport of diffusible molecules across the epithelial barrier, both through the cell and between cells. In this review, we will discuss a few emerging paradigms of permeability changes through altered ion transport and paracellular regulation by which the epithelium gates its response to potentially detrimental luminal stimuli. This review is a summary of talks presented during a symposium in Experimental Biology geared toward novel and less recognized methods of epithelial barrier regulation. First, we will discuss mechanisms of dynamic regulation of cell-cell contacts in the context of repetitive exposure to inhaled infectious and noninfectious insults. In the second section, we will briefly discuss mechanisms of transcellular ion homeostasis specifically focused on the role of claudins and paracellular ion-channel regulation in chronic barrier dysfunction. In the next section, we will address transcellular ion transport and highlight the role of Trek-1 in epithelial responses to lung injury. In the final section, we will outline the role of epithelial growth receptor in barrier regulation in baseline, acute lung injury, and airway disease. We will then end with a summary of mechanisms of epithelial control as well as discuss emerging paradigms of the epithelium role in shifting between a structural element that maintains tight cell-cell adhesion to a cell that initiates and participates in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Brune
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James Frank
- The Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco VA Medical Center, and NCIRE/Veterans Health Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - James Finigan
- Division of Oncology, Cancer Center, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Venkataramana K Sidhaye
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;
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