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Šorli J, Lenasi H. The Effect of Acute Hyperglycaemia Induced by Oral Glucose Load on Heart Rate Variability and Skin Microvascular Reactivity in Young Adults. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:56. [PMID: 38255671 PMCID: PMC10817604 DOI: 10.3390/life14010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We aimed to elucidate the effects of acute hyperglycaemia, induced by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and skin microvascular reactivity at the time point of peak plasma glucose concentration (cglc) in 20 young, healthy participants. We assessed their heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of the ANS activity and the parameters of post-occlusive reactive hyperaemia (PORH) to estimate skin microvascular reactivity as measured by laser Doppler (LD) fluxmetry. The tests were repeated 30 min after a standard OGTT (75 g glucose dissolved in 250 mL water) and, in a separate control experiment, after drinking the same amount of water. Participants had their cglc and serum insulin measured at three consecutive time-points according to the testing protocol. The low-frequency (LF) spectral power, the LF to high-frequency (LF/HF) ratio, and the diastolic blood pressure increased significantly more after water than after OGTT, and there was a trend of the peak LD flux of PORH decreasing more after OGTT than after water. Significant correlations between some PORH and all the HRV parameters and cglc increase after OGTT were found, implying diminished vascular reactivity evoked by hyperglycaemia in healthy subjects with lower glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Šorli
- General Hospital Dr. Franc Derganc, 5290 Šempeter pri Gorici, Slovenia
| | - Helena Lenasi
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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The Effect of the Water Drinking Test on Ocular Parameters and Choroidal Thickness in Glaucoma Suspects. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020381. [PMID: 36837582 PMCID: PMC9964822 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of the water drinking test (WDT) on several systemic and ocular parameters, including choroidal thickness, which was assessed through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), in glaucoma suspects. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 eyes from 20 glaucoma suspects without any systemic or ocular diseases were included in this prospective observational study. All the participants undertook the WDT, which required the drinking of 1 L of table water in 5 min. The outcome measures included IOP, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP), ocular pulse amplitude (OPA), and subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness, which were assessed at baseline and at four 15 min intervals after the WDT. Generalized least squares models and mixed model analyses that take into account repeated measurements were used to assess the changes over time of these parameters. Results: All the ocular and systemic parameters showed statistically significant changes at all time points compared to baseline apart from choroidal thickness. The peak changes were an IOP of 20.1 mmHg versus 17.3 mmHg at 45 min, an SBP of 137.6 mmHg versus 125 mmHg at 30 min, a DBP of 95.9 mmHg versus 85.7 mmHg at 15 min, and an MOP of 53.51 mmHg versus 48.89 mmHg at 15 min. Conclusions: Despite elevations in IOP and significant changes in all the assessed systemic parameters, the WDT was not associated with changes in choroidal thickness in glaucoma suspects.
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Jia S, Wang Q, Li H, Song X, Wang S, Zhang W, Wang G. Laterality of blood perfusion in the lower extremities after drinking saline at different temperatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1586. [PMID: 36709364 PMCID: PMC9884233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin blood flux (SkBF) changes caused by drinking cold water are generally associated with vagal tone and osmotic factors in the digestive system. However, there is still a lack of relevant research on whether there are left and right differences in these SkBF change. In the current study, a total of 60 subjects were recruited. Skin blood perfusion of the bilateral lower extremities was recorded simultaneously before and after drinking saline of different temperatures saline by using Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). The electrogastrogram (EGG) was also monitored, and the dominant frequency of the EGG and heart rate variability were analyzed. The results indicated that after drinking saline, the laterality index of SkBF at the lower extremities was different and the laterality index changes of SkBF were mainly reflected in the frequency interval V (0.4-1.6 Hz). There was a weak negative correlation between the laterality index of endothelial NO-dependent component and change rate of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) after drinking 4 °C saline. However, after drinking 30 °C saline, there was a weak positive correlation between neurogenic component and RMSSD The distribution and regulation of bilateral blood flow are not symmetrical but exhibit a certain laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyong Jia
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qizhen Wang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojing Song
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyou Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Cardiovascular Response to Intravenous Glucose Injection during Hemodialysis with Assessment of Entropy Alterations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245362. [PMID: 36558521 PMCID: PMC9787561 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of autonomic blood pressure (BP) control can be assessed by the entropy of serial BP data. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hemodialysis (HD) and glucose infusion (GI) on amplitude aware permutation entropy (AAPE) of hemodynamic variables during HD in chronic kidney disease patients with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). METHODS Twenty-one patients without DM (NDO) and ten with DM were studied. Thirty minutes after the start of HD, a 40% glucose solution was administered. Hemodynamic data were extracted from continuous recordings using the Portapres® system. RESULTS AAPE decreased during HD in all patients and all hemodynamic signals with the exception of AAPE of mean and diastolic BP in DM patients. GI led to an increase in AAPE for cardiac output in all patients, while AAPE for heart rate and ejection time increased only in DM studies, and AAPE for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, as well as total peripheral resistance, increased only in NDO patients. CONCLUSIONS The reduction in entropy during HD indicates impaired autonomic control in response to external perturbations. This state is partially reversed by the infusion of glucose with differences in central and peripheral responsiveness in DM and NDO patients.
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Soydan A, Ulaş F, Kaymaz A, Toprak G, Uyar E, Çelebi S. Investigation of the short-term effects of water drinking test on the eye using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in young healthy male subjects. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2022; 41:291-295. [PMID: 36170464 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2022.2126493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the acute effects of the water drinking test (WDT) on the eye using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) on healthy young male subjects. METHODS The study included 25 eyes of 25 male subjects. Selected parameters of the retinal vasculature were measured, including macular flow indices, foveal avascular zone, and vessel densities (VDs) of the macula using OCTA. The measurements were taken on the first day without drinking water at 0 min, 30 min and 60 min, then repeated on the second day before drinking water at 0 min, and after drinking water at 30 min and 60 min. The Paired Samples t-test and repeated measures One-way analysis of variance test were used in the statistical analyses. RESULTS The repeated measures analysis of variance test using Bonferroni adjustment demonstrated a significant increase in superficial and deep foveal VD following WDT (p <0.001 for both). Intraocular pressure, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, foveal avascular zone, flow area of choriocapillaris, flow area of outer retina, foveal non-flow area of superficial layer, and retinal thickness measurements showed no significant changes following WDT. CONCLUSIONS WDT is associated with temporary flow modifications in superficial and deep foveal vascular plexus in young male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Soydan
- M.D., Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology
| | - Fatih Ulaş
- M.D., Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology
| | - Abdulgani Kaymaz
- M.D., Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology
| | - Güvenç Toprak
- M.D., Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology
| | - Enes Uyar
- M.D., Aksaray University, Education and Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology
| | - Serdal Çelebi
- M.D., Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology
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França da Silva AK, Santos LA, Laurino MJL, Vanzella LM, Ribeiro F, Rozan GB, Vanderlei LCM. Hydration Influence on the Autonomic Recovery of the Coronary Diseases Patient: Geometric Indices Analysis. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:230-239. [PMID: 32976086 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1818672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the recovery period of autonomic modulation, through geometric indices of heart rate variability (HRV), on coronary artery disease (CAD) patients submitted to a cardiovascular rehabilitation session (CR), associated with hydration. Methods: Thirty male participants of a CR program, diagnosed with CAD were submitted to the control (CP) and hydration protocol (HP) characterized by a CR session. Only during HP were the participants given 8 equal portions of water. The water amount was determined through the hydric loss measured at the CP. During the protocols, the heart rate was measured beat-by-beat at rest (5-10 minutes[M1]) and at recovery (0-5 minutes [M2], 5-10 minutes [M3], 15-20 minutes [M4], 25-30 minutes [M5], 40-45 minutes [M6], 55-60 minutes [M7]) for the HRV analysis, performed by the geometric indices: TINN, RRTRI, SD1, SD2 and SD1/SD2 ratio. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the protocols (SD1, pvalue = 0.022), moments (TINN, pvalue = 0.001; SD1, pvalue = 0.019; SD2, pvalue = 0.001; SD1/SD2, pvalue = 0.001) and moments vs. protocol interaction (SD1, pvalue = 0.019). The SD1 index pointed to acceleration of parasympathetic recovery in the first minutes after exercising (HP recovery after M3 [86.07 ± 32.31%] vs. CP recovery after M5[86.43 ± 24.56]) and increase in global variability (TINN-HP remained increased in longer, until M5 (M1 83.10 ± 55.76 ms to M5 116.82 ± 67.54 ms) vs. CP that remained increased for a short time, until M2 (M1 77.93 ± 68.56 ms to M2 134.82 ± 56.08 ms). Conclusions: In CAD patients, hydration promoted a more efficient recovery on parasympathetic autonomic modulation and increased the global HRV in the recovery period.
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Parsons IT, Hockin BCD, Taha OM, Heeney ND, Williams EL, Lucci VEM, Lee RHY, Stacey MJ, Gall N, Chowienczyk P, Woods DR, Claydon VE. The effect of water temperature on orthostatic tolerance: a randomised crossover trial. Clin Auton Res 2022; 32:131-141. [PMID: 35461434 PMCID: PMC9064858 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Bolus water drinking, at room temperature, has been shown to improve orthostatic tolerance (OT), probably via sympathetic activation; however, it is not clear whether the temperature of the water bolus modifies the effect on OT or the cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress. The aim of this study was to assess whether differing water temperature of the water bolus would alter time to presyncope and/or cardiovascular parameters during incremental orthostatic stress. Methods Fourteen participants underwent three head-up tilt (HUT) tests with graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) continued until presyncope. Fifteen minutes prior to each HUT, participants drank a 500 mL bolus of water which was randomised, in single-blind crossover fashion, to either room temperature water (20 °C) (ROOM), ice-cold water (0–3 °C) (COLD) or warm water (45 °C) (WARM). Cardiovascular parameters were monitored continuously. Results There was no significant difference in OT in the COLD (33 ± 3 min; p = 0.3321) and WARM (32 ± 3 min; p = 0.6764) conditions in comparison to the ROOM condition (31 ± 3 min). During the HUT tests, heart rate and cardiac output were significantly reduced (p < 0.0073), with significantly increased systolic blood pressure, stroke volume, cerebral blood flow velocity and total peripheral resistance (p < 0.0054), in the COLD compared to ROOM conditions. Conclusions In healthy controls, bolus cold water drinking results in favourable orthostatic cardiovascular responses during HUT/LBNP without significantly altering OT. Using a cold water bolus may result in additional benefits in patients with orthostatic intolerance above those conferred by bolus water at room temperature (by ameliorating orthostatic tachycardia and enhancing vascular resistance responses). Further research in patients with orthostatic intolerance is warranted.
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Utility of an Isotonic Beverage on Hydration Status and Cardiovascular Alterations. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061286. [PMID: 35334943 PMCID: PMC8953172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the beverage hydration index (BHI) and postprandial cardiac autonomic activity after consuming an isotonic beverage (IB) compared to distilled water (DW). Twenty-two participants (50% female; mean ± SD; age, 27 ± 3 year; height, 169.1 ± 12.6 cm; weight, 73.3 ± 13.8 kg; BF%, 23 ± 10%) completed two experimental trials where they consumed 1 L DW or an IB; after which urine volume and cardiac autonomic activity was measured through 240 min. Cardiac autonomic activity was quantified using heart rate (HR), log transformed heart rate variability measures (root mean square of successive R–R intervals; RMSSD; low frequency, LF; and high frequency, HF) and systolic time intervals (pre-ejection period, PEP). BHI was significantly greater after IB consumption at min 0 (MD [95% CI]; 1.31 [0.35, 2.27]), 180 min (0.09 [0.022, 0.16]), and 240 min (0.1 [0.03, 0.17]) compared to DW (p = 0.031). Net fluid balance was significantly greater in IB than DW at 180 min (90 [−16.80, 196.81]) and 240 min (106 [−13.88, 225.88]) (p = 0.037). HR decreased over time in both beverage trials but was higher following IB ingestion at 0 min (3.9 [−2.42, 10.22]), 30 min (5.3 [−0.94, 11.54]), and 60 min (2.7 [−3.42, 8.82]) (p = 0.0002). lnHF was greater 30 min post DW ingestion compared to IB (0.45 [−0.23, 1.13]) (p = 0.039). IB promotes greater fluid retention capacity compared to DW within 4 hours of consumption. The variations in cardiac autonomic measures may warrant further investigation in clinical populations (i.e., patients with autonomic failure).
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Sidddanagoudra S, Herlekar S, Doyizode A, Hittalamani P. Cardiac autonomic reactivity to acute ingestion of glucose and fructose in healthy subjects. MULLER JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjmsr.mjmsr_42_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Gameiro GR, Gameiro GR, Farah ME, Wang J, Schor P. Retinal microvascular density modifications during the water drinking test. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:1602-1609. [PMID: 34137302 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211024058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The water drinking test (WDT) is a well-known stress test that increases intraocular pressure (IOP) momentarily and can indicate risk of glaucoma progression. This study focuses on correlating changes in the retinal microvascular plexus with the WDT in young healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 20 eyes of 20 healthy young subjects (mean age 24.37 ± 2.17 years) were included in this study. In our protocol, WDT consisted of drinking 1 L of water within 5 min. Outcome measures in this prospective observational study were mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), IOP, and retinal vessel density of both superficial and deep macular retina using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), which were assessed before water ingestion and four times after at 15-min intervals. OCTA images were later quantified by fractal analysis (box counting [Dbox]). One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effects of WDT on each of the parameters. RESULTS The WDT resulted in significant peak changes of the following parameters compared to baseline: IOP: 15.63 ± 3.37 versus 18.38 ± 4.53 mmHg at 30 min, p < 0.001; HR: 75.74 ± 12.23 versus 64.95 ± 11.37 bpm at 15 min, p < 0.001; deep retinal vessel density 1.758 ± 0.14 versus 1.749 ± 0.16 at 15 min, p = 0.040. CONCLUSIONS Besides IOP elevation and systemic effects in HR, WDT is associated with temporary modifications of the deep vascular plexus in young healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Rosa Gameiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giovana Rosa Gameiro
- Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.,Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michel Eid Farah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paulo Schor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo - EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chapman CL, Reed EL, Worley ML, Pietrafesa LD, Kueck PJ, Bloomfield AC, Schlader ZJ, Johnson BD. Sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption acutely decreases spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R641-R652. [PMID: 33533320 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00310.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In healthy humans, fructose-sweetened water consumption increases blood pressure variability (BPV) and decreases spontaneous cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and heart rate variability (HRV). However, whether consuming commercially available soft drinks containing high levels of fructose elicits similar responses is unknown. We hypothesized that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened soft drink consumption increases BPV and decreases cBRS and HRV to a greater extent compared with artificially sweetened (diet) and sucrose-sweetened (sucrose) soft drinks and water. Twelve subjects completed four randomized, double-blinded trials in which they drank 500 mL of water or commercially available soft drinks matched for taste and caffeine content. We continuously measured beat-to-beat blood pressure (photoplethysmography) and R-R interval (ECG) before and 30 min after drink consumption during supine rest for 5 min during spontaneous and paced breathing. BPV was evaluated using standard deviation (SD), average real variability (ARV), and successive variation (SV) methods for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. cBRS was assessed using the sequence method. HRV was evaluated using the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) in R-R interval. There were no differences between conditions in the magnitude of change from baseline in SD, ARV, and SV (P ≥ 0.07). There were greater reductions in cBRS during spontaneous breathing in the HFCS (-3 ± 5 ms/mmHg) and sucrose (-3 ± 5 ms/mmHg) trials compared with the water trial (+1 ± 5 ms/mmHg, P < 0.03). During paced breathing, HFCS evoked greater reductions in RMSSD compared with water (-26 ± 34 vs. +2 ± 26 ms, P < 0.01). These findings suggest that sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption alters cBRS and HRV but not BPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Chapman
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Emma L Reed
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Morgan L Worley
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Leonard D Pietrafesa
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul J Kueck
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Adam C Bloomfield
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Blair D Johnson
- Center for Research and Education in Special Environments, Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
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Botek M, Sládečková B, Krejčí J, Pluháček F, Najmanová E. Acute hydrogen-rich water ingestion stimulates cardiac autonomic activity in healthy females. ACTA GYMNICA 2021. [DOI: 10.5507/ag.2021.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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13
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Christiani M, Grosicki GJ, Flatt AA. Cardiac-autonomic and hemodynamic responses to a hypertonic, sugar-sweetened sports beverage in physically active men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1189-1195. [PMID: 33761293 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydration practices may confound heart rate variability (HRV) measurements when collected in the pre-training period. We aimed to determine the effects of ingesting a hypertonic, sugar-sweetened sports beverage on HRV and hemodynamic parameters in physically active young men. Fifteen subjects consumed 591 mL of Gatorade (6% carbohydrate, ∼330 mOsmol/kg), 591 mL water, or 10 mL water (control) in random order on separate days following overnight fasting. HRV and hemodynamics were evaluated in 5-min windows immediately before (T1) and 5-10 min (T2), 25-30 min (T3), 40-45 min (T4), and 55-60 min (T5) post-drinking. Root-mean square of successive differences and the standard deviation of normal RR intervals increased post-water intake at all time-points relative to T1 (P < 0.05). No increases were observed post-Gatorade intake, though small effect sizes were noted at T2 and T3 (P > 0.05, ES = 0.27-0.32). Systemic vascular resistance increased at T2 post-Gatorade intake and at T2 and T3 post-water intake (P < 0.05). No interactions were observed for blood pressure measures, stroke volume, or cardiac output. Gatorade does not evoke cardiovascular adjustments to the same magnitude as water. Practitioners should wait at least 45 min to record HRV post-Gatorade intake and >60 min post-water intake. Novelty: Equal volumes of cold water and Gatorade produce inequivalent cardiac-autonomic and hemodynamic responses. HRV responses of greater amplitude and duration were observed following intake of water versus Gatorade. Failure to account for recent fluid intake may result in misinterpretation of autonomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christiani
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA.,Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA.,Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew A Flatt
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA.,Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
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14
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Peng W, Xie Y, Liu K, Qi H, Liu Z, Xia J, Cao H, Guo C, Sun Y, Liu X, Li B, Wen F, Zhang F, Zhang L. Discrepant acute effect of saline loading on blood pressure, urinary sodium and potassium according to salt intake level: EpiSS study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2020; 23:289-300. [PMID: 33220161 PMCID: PMC8029760 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute dietary salt intake may cause an elevation in blood pressure (BP). The study aimed to assess the acute effect of saline loading on BP in subjects with different levels of salt intake. This study is based on the baseline survey of systemic epidemiology of salt sensitivity study. The sodium excretion in the 24-hour urine was calculated for estimating the level of salt intake. Subjects were performed an acute oral saline loading test (1 L), and data of 2019 participants were included for analyses. Multivariate linear regression and stratified analyses were performed to identify associations between 24-hour urinary sodium (24hUNa) with BP changes. Due to saline loading, systolic BP (SBP), pulse pressure, and urinary sodium concentration were significantly increased, while diastolic BP, heart rate, and urinary potassium concentration were significantly decreased. The SBP increments were more significant in subjects with lower salt intake, normotensives, elders, males, smokers, and drinkers. There was a significant linear negative dose-response association between SBP increment with 24hUNa (β = -0.901, 95% CI: -1.253, -0.548), especially in lower salt intake individuals (β = -1.297, 95% CI: -2.338, -0.205) and hypertensive patients (β = -1.502, 95% CI: -2.037, -0.967). After excluding patients who received antidiabetic or antihypertensive medicines, the effects of negative associations weakened but remained significantly. In conclusion, acute salt loading leads to an increment in SBP, and the increased SBP was negatively related with 24hUNa. This study indicated avoiding acute salt loading was important for escaping acute BP changes, especially in lower salt intake populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunyi Xie
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Qi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Anding Hospital, School of Mental Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Science Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxiao Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fuyuan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Monnard CR, Montani JP, Grasser EK. Short-term cardiovascular responses to ingestion of mineral water in healthy non-obese adults: Impact of mineral components. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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16
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Grasser EK. Dose-dependent heart rate responses to drinking water: a randomized crossover study in young, non-obese males. Clin Auton Res 2020; 30:567-570. [PMID: 32078090 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-020-00673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore a potential dose effect of water on heart rate responses and markers of vagal tone modulation. METHODS This was a randomized crossover study involving eight men whose heart rate and heart rate variability parameters were continuously measured following ingestion of different volumes of still mineral water (200, 400, 600, and 800 mL). RESULTS A significant volume by time effect for heart rate (p < 0.005) was observed. Ingestion of all volumes of drink water of more 200 mL significantly decreased the heart rate. Significant time effects for heart rate variability parameters were observed. CONCLUSION Ingestion of a mineral water drink affected the heart rate in men in a time-dependent manner, possibly by changes in cardiac vagal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Konrad Grasser
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular System, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
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17
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Sarafian D, Charrière N, Maufrais C, Montani JP. Cardiovascular and Orthostatic Responses to a Festive Meal Associated With Alcohol in Young Men. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1183. [PMID: 31632281 PMCID: PMC6780004 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Sharing a festive meal associated with alcohol is quite common. While the cardiovascular changes occurring after meal ingestion of different nutrient composition has been well-established, the effects of ingesting a festive versus a standard meal accompanied with alcohol are less clear. Here, we compared the postprandial hemodynamics, cutaneous and psychomotor performance responses after ingestion of a classical Swiss festive meal [cheese fondue (CF)] versus a light ready-meal [Nasi Goreng (NG)], both accompanied with white wine. Methods: In a randomized cross over design, we examined in 12 healthy young men, the continuous cardiovascular, cutaneous, and reaction time responses to ingestion of cheese fondue versus a standard meal at rest (sitting position) and hemodynamic changes in response to orthostatic challenge (active standing) in pre- and postprandial phases. Results: Breath alcohol concentration after wine ingestion was similar after both meal types. Compared to the standard meal, consumption of CF induced higher increases in heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), double product (DP) and cardiac power output (CPO), greater vasodilation, and rises in skin blood flow and skin temperature. Greater increases in HR, DP, and mean blood pressure (MBP) were observed during orthostatic challenges with CF compared to NG. A two-choice reaction time task revealed similar reaction times with both meals, suggesting no influence of meal composition on psychomotor performance. Conclusion: In sitting position, CF ingestion induced a more important cardiovascular load compared to NG. Although the dose of alcohol and the festive meal used here did not lead to orthostatic hypotension, eating CF induced a greater cardiometabolic load suggesting that hemodynamic reserves have been encroached during active standing. This may impede the cardiovascular capacity during physical exercise or stress situations, particularly in elderly subjects who are at greater risk for postprandial hypotension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sarafian
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Charrière
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Claire Maufrais
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE The water drinking test (WDT) is currently used to temporarily elevate intraocular pressure (IOP) and predict peak IOP in glaucoma. This study investigates neurovascular changes associated with WDT in normal subjects. METHODS The effect of WDT (1 L in 5 min) on IOP, mean brachial blood pressure, heart rate, and pattern electroretinogram was assessed within the next hour in 16 healthy subjects (mean age: 33.5±7.9 y). As a control, testing was repeated in the same subjects without WDT 1 week later. RESULTS Compared with control, WDT resulted in significant peak changes of the following parameters compared with baseline: IOP: +1.7±1.8 mm Hg after 30', mean brachial blood pressure: +3.9±6.3 mm Hg after 15'; heart rate: -9.2±9.8 bpm after 15', pattern electroretinogram latency: +2.1±0.9 ms after 15'. CONCLUSIONS In addition to IOP elevation, WDT was associated with significant changes of hemodynamic parameters and retinal ganglion cell function in young healthy subjects. As these represent risk factors for glaucoma, their assessment upon WDT might increase its predictive power for glaucoma development.
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19
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Hensel O, Burow P, Mages S, Wienke A, Kraya T, Zierz S. Increased Blood Flow Velocity in Middle Cerebral Artery and Headache Upon Ingestion of Ice Water. Front Neurol 2019; 10:677. [PMID: 31316454 PMCID: PMC6611440 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: “Headache attributed to ingestion or inhalation of a cold stimulus” (HICS) is one of the most common primary headache disorders. Little is known about the pathophysiology of HICS and other headache disorders. The aim of this study was to analyze mean flow velocity (MFV) and cerebrovascular resistance (RI) in both middle cerebral arteries (MCA) upon ingestion of ice water. Methods: The MFV and RI in both MCAs was continuously measured by transcranial sonography. HICS was induced by drinking 200 ml of ice water. Results: In all volunteers, the ingestion of ice water led to a decrease in RI, which was accompanied by an increase in MFV. In volunteers with induced HICS, MFV were significantly higher compared to volunteers that did not experience HICS. In volunteers with HICS, MFV increased even more significantly when lacrimation occurred compared to volunteers in which it did not. In volunteers without induced HICS, MFV was higher in those volunteers with a positive history of HICS than in those with a negative HICS history. Conclusion: This study revealed a raised MFV upon ingestion of ice water. Volunteers with a provoked case of HICS had a higher MFV than volunteers without HICS. The increase in MFV was even higher when the headache was accompanied by lacrimation. This may indicate an involvement of the trigeminal-parasympathetic vasodilator reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Hensel
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Philipp Burow
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Mages
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Wienke
- Institute of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Informatics, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Torsten Kraya
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University, Halle, Germany
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20
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MEHDIRAD ALI, FEIGOFSKY SUSAN, LEI LUCY, SHEIKH NASIA, RAJ SATISH, KANJWAL KHALIL, CANNOM DAVID. Water Ingestion in Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome: A Feasible Treatment Option? J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2019; 10:3545-3551. [PMID: 32494413 PMCID: PMC7252859 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2019.100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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21
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Kazadi LC, Fletcher J, Barrow PA. Gastric cooling and menthol cause an increase in cardiac parasympathetic efferent activity in healthy adult human volunteers. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1302-1308. [PMID: 30070742 DOI: 10.1113/ep087058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How do gastric stretch and gastric cooling stimuli affect cardiac autonomic control? What is the main finding and its importance? Gastric stretch causes an increase in cardiac sympathetic activity. Stretch combined with cold stimulation result in an elimination of the sympathetic response to stretch and an increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity, in turn resulting in a reduction in heart rate. Gastric cold stimulation causes a shift in sympathovagal balance towards parasympathetic dominance. The cold-induced bradycardia has the potential to decrease cardiac workload, which might be significant in individuals with cardiovascular pathologies. ABSTRACT Gastric distension increases blood pressure and heart rate in young, healthy humans, but little is known about the effect of gastric stretch combined with cooling. We used a randomized crossover study to assess the cardiovascular responses to drinking 300 ml of ispaghula husk solution at either 6 or 37°C in nine healthy humans (age 24.08 ± 9.36 years) to establish the effect of gastric stretch with and without cooling. The effect of consuming peppermint oil capsules to activate cold thermoreceptors was also investigated. The ECG, respiratory movements and continuous blood pressure were recorded during a 5 min baseline period, followed by a 115 min post-drink period, during which 5 min epochs of data were recorded. Cardiac autonomic activity was assessed using time and frequency domain analyses of respiratory sinus arrhythmia to quantify parasympathetic autonomic activity, and corrected QT (QTc) interval analysis to quantify sympathetic autonomic activity. Gastric stretch only caused a significant reduction in QTc interval lasting up to 15 min, with a concomitant but non-significant increase in heart rate, indicating an increased sympathetic cardiac tone. The additional effect of gastric cold stimulation was significantly to reduce heart rate for up to 15 min, elevate indicators of cardiac parasympathetic tone and eliminate the reduction in QTc interval seen with gastric stretch only. Stimulation of gastric cold thermoreceptors with menthol also caused a significant reduction in heart rate and concomitant increase in the root mean square of successive differences. These findings indicate that gastric cold stimulation causes a shift in the sympathovagal balance of cardiac control towards a more parasympathetic dominant pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubobo-Claude Kazadi
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Janine Fletcher
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Paul A Barrow
- Department of Biomedical Science and Physiology, School of Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, UK
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22
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Sharp R, Childs J, Bulmer AC, Esterman A. The effect of oral hydration and localised heat on peripheral vein diameter and depth: A randomised controlled trial. Appl Nurs Res 2018; 42:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Stewart JM, Boris JR, Chelimsky G, Fischer PR, Fortunato JE, Grubb BP, Heyer GL, Jarjour IT, Medow MS, Numan MT, Pianosi PT, Singer W, Tarbell S, Chelimsky TC. Pediatric Disorders of Orthostatic Intolerance. Pediatrics 2018; 141:peds.2017-1673. [PMID: 29222399 PMCID: PMC5744271 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic intolerance (OI), having difficulty tolerating an upright posture because of symptoms or signs that abate when returned to supine, is common in pediatrics. For example, ∼40% of people faint during their lives, half of whom faint during adolescence, and the peak age for first faint is 15 years. Because of this, we describe the most common forms of OI in pediatrics and distinguish between chronic and acute OI. These common forms of OI include initial orthostatic hypotension (which is a frequently seen benign condition in youngsters), true orthostatic hypotension (both neurogenic and nonneurogenic), vasovagal syncope, and postural tachycardia syndrome. We also describe the influences of chronic bed rest and rapid weight loss as aggravating factors and causes of OI. Presenting signs and symptoms are discussed as well as patient evaluation and testing modalities. Putative causes of OI, such as gravitational and exercise deconditioning, immune-mediated disease, mast cell activation, and central hypovolemia, are described as well as frequent comorbidities, such as joint hypermobility, anxiety, and gastrointestinal issues. The medical management of OI is considered, which includes both nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic approaches. Finally, we discuss the prognosis and long-term implications of OI and indicate future directions for research and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John E. Fortunato
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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24
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Maufrais C, Charriere N, Montani JP. Cardiovascular and Cutaneous Responses to the Combination of Alcohol and Soft Drinks: The Way to Orthostatic Intolerance? Front Physiol 2017; 8:860. [PMID: 29176950 PMCID: PMC5686118 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Acute ingestion of alcohol is often accompanied by cardiovascular dysregulation, malaise and even syncope. The full hemodynamic and cutaneous responses to the combination of alcohol and sugar (i.e., alcopops), a common combination in young people, and the mechanisms for the propensity to orthostatic intolerance are not well established. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular and cutaneous responses to alcopops in young subjects. Methods: Cardiovascular and cutaneous responses were assessed in 24 healthy young subjects (12 men, 12 women) sitting comfortably and during prolonged active standing with a 30-min baseline and 130 min following ingestion of 400 mL of either: water, water + 48 g sugar, water + vodka (1.28 mL.kg-1 of body weight, providing 0.4 g alcohol.kg-1), water + sugar + vodka, according to a randomized cross-over design. Results: Compared to alcohol alone, vodka + sugar induced a lower breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), blood pressure and total peripheral resistance (p < 0.05), a higher cardiac output and heart rate (p < 0.05) both in sitting position and during active standing. In sitting position vodka + sugar consumption also led to a greater increase in skin blood flow and hand temperature (p < 0.05) and a decrease in baroreflex sensitivity (p < 0.05). We observed similar results between men and women both in sitting position and during active standing. Conclusion: Despite lower BrAC, ingestion of alcopops induced acute vasodilation and hypotension in sitting position and an encroach of the hemodynamic reserve during active standing. Even if subjects did not feel any signs of syncope these results could be of clinical importance with higher doses of alcohol or if combined to other hypotensive challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Maufrais
- Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Charriere
- Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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25
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Goswami N, Blaber AP, Hinghofer-Szalkay H, Montani JP. Orthostatic Intolerance in Older Persons: Etiology and Countermeasures. Front Physiol 2017; 8:803. [PMID: 29163185 PMCID: PMC5677785 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthostatic challenge produced by upright posture may lead to syncope if the cardiovascular system is unable to maintain adequate brain perfusion. This review outlines orthostatic intolerance related to the aging process, long-term bedrest confinement, drugs, and disease. Aging-associated illness or injury due to falls often leads to hospitalization. Older patients spend up to 83% of hospital admission lying in bed and thus the consequences of bedrest confinement such as physiological deconditioning, functional decline, and orthostatic intolerance represent a central challenge in the care of the vulnerable older population. This review examines current scientific knowledge regarding orthostatic intolerance and how it comes about and provides a framework for understanding of (patho-) physiological concepts of cardiovascular (in-) stability in ambulatory and bedrest confined senior citizens as well as in individuals with disease conditions [e.g., orthostatic intolerance in patients with diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, spinal cord injury (SCI)] or those on multiple medications (polypharmacy). Understanding these aspects, along with cardio-postural interactions, is particularly important as blood pressure destabilization leading to orthostatic intolerance affects 3-4% of the general population, and in 4 out of 10 cases the exact cause remains elusive. Reviewed also are countermeasures to orthostatic intolerance such as exercise, water drinking, mental arithmetic, cognitive training, and respiration training in SCI patients. We speculate that optimally applied countermeasures such as mental challenge maintain sympathetic activity, and improve venous return, stroke volume, and consequently, blood pressure during upright standing. Finally, this paper emphasizes the importance of an active life style in old age and why early re-mobilization following bedrest confinement or bedrest is crucial in preventing orthostatic intolerance, falls and falls-related injuries in older persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandu Goswami
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew P Blaber
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay
- Gravitational Physiology and Medicine Research Unit, Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Department of Medicine/Physiology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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26
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Khurana RK. Initial orthostatic and non-orthostatic hypotension in wrestler’s syncope. Clin Auton Res 2017; 27:423-426. [DOI: 10.1007/s10286-017-0476-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Water ingestion decreases cardiac workload time-dependent in healthy adults with no effect of gender. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7939. [PMID: 28801682 PMCID: PMC5554208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of water entails a variety of cardiovascular responses. However, the precise effect remains elusive. We aimed to determine in healthy adults the effect of water on cardiac workload and to investigate potential gender differences. We pooled data from two controlled studies where blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were continuously recorded before and after the ingestion of 355 mL of tap water. Additionally, we calculated double product by multiplying systolic BP with HR and evaluated spectral parameters referring to vagal tone. All parameters were investigated for potential differences based on gender. In response to water, HR, systolic BP, and double product decreased significantly during the first 30 min. However, these effects were attenuated for HR and double product and even abolished for systolic BP over the subsequent 30 min. Over the entire post-drink period (60 min), decreases in HR and double product (all P < 0.05) were observed. Spectral markers for vagal tone increased with the on-set of the water drink and remained elevated until the end (P < 0.005). No significant gender difference in cardiac workload parameters was observed. We provide evidence that drinking water decreases, in a time-dependent fashion, cardiac workload and that these responses appear not to be influenced by gender.
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28
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Response of Blood Perfusion at ST 36 Acupoint after Drinking Cold Glucose or Saline Injection. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4212534. [PMID: 28465703 PMCID: PMC5390596 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4212534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skin blood flux (SkBF) changes caused by drinking cold water are generally associated with vagal tone and osmotic factors in digestive system. According to acupuncture theory, change of SkBF at ST 36 might reflect the functional changes of digestive system. The aim of this study is to analyze the changes of SkBF after drinking 3°C 0.9% saline or 5% glucose injection by monitor blood flux at bilateral ST 36. The results indicated that, after drinking different cold water, the change ratio of SkBF at right side ST 36 has been different. Because all solutions have the same temperature (3°C) and both saline and glucose solution have the same osmolality, suggesting that the SkBF changes resulting from drinking cold water are not regulated just by the vagal tone and osmolality, there must have been other factors. These results have not been consistent with the frequency domain results of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. Coherence analysis of blood flux signals at bilateral ST 36 indicated that there have been different coherence-frequency curves among different groups in special frequency bands, which suggested that coherence analysis might provide a potential tool to evaluate different status.
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29
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Bordoni L, Napolioni V, Marchegiani F, Amadio E, Gabbianelli R. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Ins/Del Polymorphism and Body Composition: The Intermediary Role of Hydration Status. JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2017; 10:1-8. [PMID: 28315876 DOI: 10.1159/000458154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The well-known insertion/deletion polymorphism (rs4646994) of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been previously associated with obesity, blood flow, muscular strength, and ACE enzyme activity. Despite the relevant role of ACE in homeostasis, few data are currently available on the relationship between rs4646994 and hydration status. Thus, we tested the association between the ACE Ins/Del polymorphism, body composition, and hydration status in a young Italian population. METHODS A total of 306 healthy children and adolescents who regularly practice sports were recruited. Anthropometric, bioimpedentiometric parameters, and urine samples were collected, while ACE rs4646994 genotyping was performed on DNA from buccal swabs. General linear models were used for association testing. RESULTS The ACE Ins/Del polymorphism was associated with body composition. Ins/Ins individuals had higher phase angle (PhA) and body cellular mass index (BCMI) values. A significant influence of the ACE rs4646994 according to hydration status on body composition was also identified. In particular, Ins/Ins individuals displayed higher PhA and BCMI values only if norm-hydrated, while they showed values similar to Del carriers if dehydrated. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the relationship between the ACE Ins/Del polymorphism and body composition and suggest a role for hydration status in modulating this relationship. These interesting preliminary results warrant further investigation to disentangle the genetic role of ACE on hydration homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- School of Advanced Studies, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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30
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Rocha TC, Ramos PDS, Ricardo DR. INGESTÃO DE ÁGUA NO SISTEMA NERVOSO AUTÔNOMO: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E META-ANÁLISE. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220162201154165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Verificar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática, o efeito da ingestão de água (IA) no sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA) e variáveis hemodinâmicas em indivíduos adultos. Foram analisados estudos publicados entre 2000 e 2015, tendo como referência a base de dados Medline via Pubmed, sendo utilizado na construção da frase de pesquisa o MeSH. Foram estabelecidos os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos controlados e randomizados (ECCR) realizados em humanos, na língua inglesa. Como critério de exclusão: intervenções pouco claras, mal descritas ou inadequadas e na forma de resumos. Utilizou-se as seguintes variáveis para a seleção dos estudos: frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial (PA), componente de alta frequência (AF) e resistência vascular periférica (RVP). Foi usada a sistematização PRISMA para a elaboração desta revisão e a realização de uma meta-análise com o objetivo de evidenciar matematicamente os resultados da frequência cardíaca após a ingestão de água em sete estudos que avaliaram esta variável. Fizeram parte desta revisão 10 ECCR envolvendo 246 indivíduos com idade entre 19 a 64 anos, sendo que 34,55% do sexo masculino. A maioria dos ECCR analisados apresentou alterações após a IA. As alterações comumente observadas foram: diminuição da FC (estatisticamente significativa p < 0,001), aumento da AF e RVP. Contudo, em relação à PA, os resultados demonstraram-se conflitantes, com estudos que evidenciaram aumento e outros que não observaram diferença significativa. Esta revisão evidencia os efeitos da IA no SNA, em especial na FC, AF e RVP, não obstante em relação às alterações hemodinâmicas expressas pela PA permanece ainda um óbice em relação à comunidade científica.
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Mendonca GV, Fernhall B. The influence of water ingestion on postexercise hypotension and standing haemodynamics. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2015; 36:447-456. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo V. Mendonca
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior; Faculty of Human Kinetics; University of Lisbon; Lisbon Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- College of Applied Health Sciences; University of Illinois at Chicago; Chicago IL USA
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Feetham CH, Nunn N, Barrett-Jolley R. The depressor response to intracerebroventricular hypotonic saline is sensitive to TRPV4 antagonist RN1734. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:83. [PMID: 25954200 PMCID: PMC4407506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have shown that the periventricular region of the brain, including the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), is critical to sensing and responding to changes in plasma osmolality. Further studies also implicate the transient receptor potential ion channel, type V4 (TRPV4) channel in this homeostatic behavior. In previous work we have shown that TRPV4 ion channels couple to calcium-activated potassium channels in the PVN to decrease action potential firing frequency in response to hypotonicity. In the present study we investigated whether, similarly, intracerebroventricular (ICV) application of hypotonic solutions modulated cardiovascular parameters, and if so whether this was sensitive to a TRPV4 channel inhibitor. We found that ICV injection of 270 mOsmol artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) decreased mean blood pressure, but not heart rate, compared to naïve mice or mice injected with 300 mOsmol ACSF. This effect was abolished by treatment with the TRPV4 inhibitor RN1734. These data suggest that periventricular targets within the brain are capable of generating depressor action in response to TRPV4 ion channel activation. Potentially, in the future, the TRPV4 channel, or the TRPV4–KCa coupling mechanism, may serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire H Feetham
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Nicolas Nunn
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Richard Barrett-Jolley
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
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Swapnil H, Knoll GA, Kayibanda JF, Fergusson D, Chow BJ, Shabana W, Murphy E, Ramsay T, James M, White CA, Garg A, Wald R, Hoch J, Akbari A. Oral salt and water versus intravenous saline for the prevention of acute kidney injury following contrast-enhanced computed tomography: study protocol for a pilot randomized trial. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2015; 2:12. [PMID: 25883789 PMCID: PMC4399084 DOI: 10.1186/s40697-015-0048-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although intravenous saline is the accepted prophylactic measure for the prevention of contrast- induced acute kidney injury, the oral route could offer an equivalent, practical, and cost saving approach. A systematic review of randomized trials that compared oral versus intravenous volume expansion for the prevention of radiocontrast-induced nephropathy in patients receiving arterial contrast reported no significant difference in the risk of contrast induced acute kidney injury between the oral and intravenous arms. Most trials for contrast nephropathy prevention have been in the setting of arterial contrast such as with cardiac catheterization, and not with venous contrast, such as computed tomography. The aim of this paper is to describe the protocol of a pilot trial comparing the effect of oral salt and water versus intravenous saline on the prevention of Acute Kidney Injury following contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Methods Our study is a pilot, single-centre parallel randomized controlled trial. To be included, participants must be at stage 4 of chronic kidney disease as defined by a glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, aged greater than 18 years and to undergo an outpatient contrast-enhanced computer tomography of the chest or abdomen. A total 50 patients will be randomised to receive either oral salt and water or intravenous isotonic saline. The primary outcome is feasibility, including estimates of recruitment rate, adherence to intervention and completeness of follow-up to assist in planning the definitive trial. The secondary outcome is safety and includes adverse events with oral salt and water loading as compared to intravenous isotonic saline. Discussion The results of this pilot trial will provide critical information to plan a definitive trial to test the efficacy of the route of volume loading regimens in prevention of acute kidney injury after contrast-enhanced CT scans. Trial registration The trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) # NCT02084771.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiremath Swapnil
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada ; Division of Nephrology, The Ottawa Hospital, Riverside Campus, 1967 Riverside Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 7 W9 Canada
| | - Greg A Knoll
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Dean Fergusson
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Benjamin Jw Chow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Wael Shabana
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Erin Murphy
- Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Tim Ramsay
- Faculty of Medicine, Epidemiology& Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Matthew James
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine A White
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Amit Garg
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ron Wald
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Hoch
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ayub Akbari
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada ; Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
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Grasser EK, Yepuri G, Dulloo AG, Montani JP. Cardio- and cerebrovascular responses to the energy drink Red Bull in young adults: a randomized cross-over study. Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1561-71. [PMID: 24474552 PMCID: PMC4175045 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Energy drinks are beverages containing vasoactive metabolites, usually a combination of caffeine, taurine, glucuronolactone and sugars. There are concerns about the safety of energy drinks with some countries banning their sales. We determined the acute effects of a popular energy drink, Red Bull, on cardiovascular and hemodynamic variables, cerebrovascular parameters and microvascular endothelial function. METHODS Twenty-five young non-obese and healthy subjects attended two experimental sessions on separate days according to a randomized crossover study design. During each session, primary measurements included beat-to-beat blood pressure measurements, impedance cardiography and transcranial Doppler measurements for at least 20 min baseline and for 2 h following the ingestion of either 355 mL of the energy drink or 355 mL of tap water; the endothelial function test was performed before and two hours after either drink. RESULTS Unlike the water control load, Red Bull consumption led to increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.005), associated with increased heart rate and cardiac output (p < 0.05), with no significant changes in total peripheral resistance and without diminished endothelial response to acetylcholine; consequently, double product (reflecting myocardial load) was increased (p < 0.005). Red Bull consumption also led to increases in cerebrovascular resistance and breathing frequency (p < 0.005), as well as to decreases in cerebral blood flow velocity (p < 0.005) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION Our results show an overall negative hemodynamic profile in response to ingestion of the energy drink Red Bull, in particular an elevated blood pressure and double product and a lower cerebral blood flow velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik K Grasser
- Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 5, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland,
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Grobéty B, Grasser EK, Yepuri G, Dulloo AG, Montani JP. Postprandial hypotension in older adults: Can it be prevented by drinking water before the meal? Clin Nutr 2014; 34:885-91. [PMID: 25277381 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS An important consequence of ageing is a tendency for postprandial blood pressure to decline, which can lead to fainting. As a possible countermeasure, we investigated in healthy older adults the impact of drinking water before a breakfast meal on postprandial cardiovascular and autonomic functions. METHODS After a stable cardiovascular baseline recording for at least 20 min, twelve older adult (67 ± 1 y) test subjects ingested, in a crossover study design, either 100 mL or 500 mL of tap water over 4 min, which was followed by the consumption of the test breakfast meal (1708 kJ) over a period of 15 min. Then, cardiovascular recordings were resumed for 90 min after the meal. Eleven young (25 ± 1 y) and healthy subjects served as a control group. Measurements included beat-to-beat blood pressure, heart rate, impedance cardiography and autonomic variables. RESULTS In older adults, systolic and diastolic blood pressure started to decline around 30 min after the meal, with the lowest values around 60 min; these effects were not observed in the young control group. Postprandial systolic blood pressure decreased between 30 and 90 min to a greater extent in response to 100 mL than to 500 mL (-6.4 vs. -3.3 mmHg, P < 0.05). Drinking 500 mL of water tended to increase stroke volume, cardiac output and vagal markers to a greater extent than 100 mL. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that drinking a large volume (500 mL) of water before a meal may attenuate postprandial hypotension in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Grobéty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Erik Konrad Grasser
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Gayathri Yepuri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Physiology, Laboratory of Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Physiology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Vavic N, Pagliariccio A, Bulajic M, Dinić R, Marinozzi M. Giving blood donors something to drink before donation can prevent fainting symptoms: is there a physiological or psychological reason? Transfus Apher Sci 2014; 51:65-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McMullen MK, Whitehouse JM, Whitton PA, Towell A. Bitter tastants alter gastric-phase postprandial haemodynamics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:719-727. [PMID: 24802704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Since Greco-Roman times bitter tastants have been used in Europe to treat digestive disorders, yet no pharmacological mechanism has been identified which can account for this practice. This study investigates whether the bitter tastants, gentian root (Gentian lutea L.) and wormwood herb (Artemisia absinthium L.), stimulate cephalic and/or gut receptors to alter postprandial haemodynamics during the gastric-phase of digestion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Normal participants ingested (1) 100 mL water plus capsules containing either cellulose (placebo-control) or 1000 mg of each tastant (n=14); or (2) 100mL of water flavoured with 500 or 1500 mg of each tastant (a) gentian (n=12) and (b) wormwood (n=12). A single beat-to-beat cardiovascular recording was obtained for the entire session. Pre/post-ingestion contrasts with the control were analysed for (1) the encapsulated tastants, in the "10 to 15" minute post-ingestion period, and (2) the flavoured water in the "5 to 10" minute post-ingestion period. RESULTS Water, the placebo-control, increased cardiac contraction force and blood pressure notwithstanding heart rate decreases. Encapsulated tastants did not further alter postprandial haemodynamics. In contrast gentian (500 and 1500 mg) and wormwood (1500 mg) flavoured water elicited increased peripheral vascular resistance and decreased cardiac output, primarily by reducing stroke volume rather than heart rate. CONCLUSIONS Drinking 100mL water elicits a pressor effect during the gastric-phase of digestion due to increased cardiac contraction force. The addition of bitter tastants to water elicits an additional and parallel pressor effect due to increased peripheral vascular resistance; yet the extent of the post-prandial blood pressure increases are unchanged, presumably due to baroreflex buffering. The vascular response elicited by bitter tastants can be categorised as a sympathetically-mediated cephalic-phase response. A possible mechanism by which bitter tastants could positively influence digestion is altering gastric-phase postprandial haemodynamics and supporting postprandial hyperaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K McMullen
- Division of Complementary Medicine, University of Westminster, London, UK.
| | - Julie M Whitehouse
- Division of Complementary Medicine, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | | | - Anthony Towell
- Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, Westminster, UK
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Cardiovascular responses to the ingestion of sugary drinks using a randomised cross-over study design: Does glucose attenuate the blood pressure-elevating effect of fructose? Br J Nutr 2014; 112:183-92. [PMID: 24780643 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514000622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Overconsumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. The objective of the present study was to elucidate acute haemodynamic and microcirculatory responses to the ingestion of sugary drinks made from sucrose, glucose or fructose at concentrations similar to those often found in commercial soft drinks. In a randomised cross-over study design, twelve young healthy human subjects (seven men) ingested 500 ml tap water in which was dissolved 60 g of either sucrose, glucose or fructose, or an amount of fructose equivalent to that present in sucrose (i.e. 30 g fructose). Continuous cardiovascular monitoring was performed for 30 min before and at 60 min after ingestion of sugary drinks, and measurements included beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) and impedance cardiography. Additionally, microvascular endothelial function testing was performed after iontophoresis of acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside using laser Doppler flowmetry. Ingestion of fructose (60 or 30 g) increased diastolic and mean BP to a greater extent than the ingestion of 60 g of either glucose or sucrose (P< 0.05). Ingestion of sucrose and glucose increased cardiac output (CO; P< 0.05), index of contractility (P< 0.05) and stroke volume (P< 0.05), but reduced total peripheral resistance (TPR; P< 0.05), which contrasts with the tendency of fructose (60 and 30 g) to increase resistance. Microvascular endothelial function did not differ in response to the ingestion of various sugary drinks. In conclusion, ingestion of fructose, but not sucrose, increases BP in healthy human subjects. Although sucrose comprises glucose and fructose, its changes in TPR and CO are more related to glucose than to fructose.
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Moreno IL, Vanderlei LCM, Pastre CM, Vanderlei FM, de Abreu LC, Ferreira C. Cardiorespiratory effects of water ingestion during and after exercise. Int Arch Med 2013; 6:35. [PMID: 24059759 PMCID: PMC3849535 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-6-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In prolonged exercise, the state of hypohydration due to sweating raises physiological stress and induces a drop in sports performance. However, the impact of water intake in cardiorespiratory parameters when administered during and after physical activity has not been well studied. This study aimed to analyze the effects of water intake in heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), partial oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate during and after prolonged exercise. METHODS Thirty-one young males (21.55 ± 1.89 yr) performed three different protocols (48 h interval between each stage): I) maximal exercise test to determine the load for the protocols; II) Control protocol (CP) and; III) Experimental protocol (EP). The protocols consisted of 10 min at rest with the subject in the supine position, 90 min of treadmill exercise (60% of VO2 peak) and 60 min of rest placed in the dorsal decubitus position. No rehydration beverage consumption was allowed during CP. During EP, however, the subjects were given water (Vittalev, Spaipa, Brazil). The parameters HR, SBP, DBP, SpO2 and respiratory rate were measured at the end of the rest, in 30, 60 and 90 minutes of the activity, except the respiratory rate parameter, and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 minute post- exercise. RESULTS The hydration protocol provided minimal changes in SBP and DBP and a smaller increase in HR and did not significantly affect SpO2 during exercise and better HR recovery, faster return of SBP and DBP and a better performance for SpO2 and respiratory rate post-exercise. CONCLUSION Hydration with water influenced the behavior of cardiorespiratory parameters in healthy young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Lessa Moreno
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UNIFESP - Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Marcelo Pastre
- Department of Physical Therapy, UNESP – State University Paulista, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Franciele Marques Vanderlei
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UNIFESP - Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos de Abreu
- Laboratory of Scientific Writing, School of Medicine of ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Celso Ferreira
- Department of Medicine, Cardiology Division, UNIFESP - Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Vanderlei FM, Moreno IL, Vanderlei LCM, Pastre CM, de Abreu LC, Ferreira C. Effects of different protocols of hydration on cardiorespiratory parameters during exercise and recovery. Int Arch Med 2013; 6:33. [PMID: 23968198 PMCID: PMC3765387 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-6-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydration plays a key role in the physiological maintenance required by exercise. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the behavior of heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) and respiratory rate (RR) of young people during and after prolonged physical exercise, with and without the intake of water or isotonic solution. METHOD 31 young individuals (21.63 ± 1.86 years) were subjected to a four-step protocol with a 48-hour interval between each step, namely: i) a test to determine the incremental load used in subsequent steps, ii) a control protocol without hydration (CP), iii) an experimental protocol with water intake (PE1), iv) an experimental protocol with ingestion of isotonic (PE2). The protocols consisted of 10 min rest, 90 min of exercise on a treadmill at 60% of VO2peak and 60 min of recovery. The parameters HR, SBP, DBP, RR and SPO2 were measured at rest, at 30, 60 and 90 min of exercise, with the exception of RR; and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min of recovery. The two-factor analysis of variance for repeated measures model was used for analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS There was a moment effect for all variables in exercise (p<0.001), however, no effect was observed between the protocols (SBP, p=0.998; DBP, p=0.897; SpO2, p=0.077, HR=0.281) and in the interaction moment and protocol (SBP, p=0.058; DBP, p=0.191 and SpO2, p=0.510, HR=0.496). In recovery there was also a moment effect for all variables analyzed (p<0.001). There was no effect among protocols for SBP (p=0.986), DBP (p=0.536) and RR (p=0.539), however in the SpO2 (p=0.001) and HR (p=0.033) variables, effects were observed between the protocols. Regarding the moment and protocol interaction, an effect was observed for HR (SBP, p=0.431; DBP, p=0.086; SpO2, p=0.445, RR, p=0.147, HR, p=0.022). CONCLUSION For the type of exercise performed, both the water and the isotonic solution influenced the behavior of cardiorespiratory parameters, and independent of the type of hydration given the behavior of the parameters studied was similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Marques Vanderlei
- Doctoral student in Medicine (Cardiology), Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Mendonca GV, Teixeira MS, Heffernan KS, Fernhall B. Chronotropic and pressor effects of water ingestion at rest and in response to incremental dynamic exercise. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:1133-43. [PMID: 23475823 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.071886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ingestion of water attenuates the chronotropic response to submaximal exercise. However, it is not known whether this effect is equally manifested during dynamic exercise below and above the ventilatory threshold (VT). We explored the effects of water ingestion on the heart rate response to an incremental cycle-ergometer protocol. In a randomized fashion, 19 healthy adults (10 men and nine women, age 20.9 ± 1.8 years) ingested 50 and 500 ml of water before completing a cycle-ergometer protocol on two separate days. The heart rate and oxygen uptake ( ) responses to water ingestion were analysed both at rest and during exercise performed below and above the VT. The effects of water intake on brachial blood pressure were measured only at rest. Resting mean arterial pressure increased and resting heart rate decreased, but only after 500 ml of water (P < 0.05). Compared with that seen after 50 ml of water, the 500 ml volume elicited an overall decrease in submaximal heart rate (P < 0.05). In contrast, drinking 500 ml of water did not affect submaximal . The participants' maximal heart rate, maximal and VT were similar between conditions. Our results therefore indicate that, owing to its effects on submaximal heart rate over a broad spectrum of intensities, the drinking of water should be recognized as a potential confounder in cardiovascular exercise studies. However, by showing no differences between conditions for submaximal , they also suggest that the magnitude of heart rate reduction after drinking 500 ml of water may be of minimal physiological significance for exercise cardiorespiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo V Mendonca
- Laboratory of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Mendonca GV, Teixeira MS, Pereira FD, Fernhall B. Cardiovascular and autonomic effects of water ingestion during postexercise circulatory occlusion. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:1153-63. [DOI: 10.1139/h2012-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As with water ingestion, the activation of the muscle metaboreflex leads to heightened muscle sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, we hypothesized that water ingestion might enhance the pressor effect of the muscle metaboreflex activation. We examined the effect of water ingestion (50 vs. 500 mL) on the cardiovascular and autonomic responses to static handgrip followed by postexercise circulatory occlusion (PECO) in 19 healthy participants (29.2 ± 8.6 years). Beat-to-beat blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and R-R intervals were recorded in both conditions (pre- and postingestion). Changes in stroke volume and cardiac output were assessed using Modelflow. Cardiac autonomic regulation was investigated by spectral heart rate variability (HRV); baroreflex control of heart rate was assessed by the sequence method. Water ingestion did not increase the pressor effect induced by PECO. Even though 500 mL of water elicited an overall bradycardia, paired by an increase in the high-frequency HRV, there were no differences between conditions for the decrease in BRS or the resetting of the baroreflex to operate at higher blood pressure. Nevertheless, after the ingestion of 500 mL of water, there were no significant correlations between the percent change in cardiac output and that of BRS, from rest to PECO. This contrasts with that seen in the 50 mL condition (r = –0.68, p < 0.05). Contrasting with our hypothesis, 500 mL of water did not increase the pressor effect induced by PECO. Nevertheless, we found that water ingestion may influence the mechanisms by which the muscle metaboreflex elicits an increased cardiac output during PECO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goncalo V. Mendonca
- Center of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Estrada da Costa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Micael S. Teixeira
- Center of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Estrada da Costa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando D. Pereira
- Center of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculty of Human Kinetics, Technical University of Lisbon, Estrada da Costa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Stookey JD, Brass B, Holliday A, Arieff A. What is the cell hydration status of healthy children in the USA? Preliminary data on urine osmolality and water intake. Public Health Nutr 2012; 15:2148-56. [PMID: 22281298 PMCID: PMC10271274 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011003648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hyperosmotic stress on cells limits many aspects of cell function, metabolism and health. International data suggest that schoolchildren may be at risk of hyperosmotic stress on cells because of suboptimal water intake. The present study explored the cell hydration status of two samples of children in the USA. DESIGN Cross-sectional study describing the urine osmolality (an index of hyperosmotic cell shrinkage) and water intake of convenience samples from Los Angeles (LA) and New York City (NYC). SETTING Each participant collected a urine sample at an outpatient clinic on the way to school on a weekday morning in spring 2009. Each was instructed to wake, eat, drink and do as usual before school, and complete a dietary record form describing the type and amounts of all foods and beverages consumed after waking, before giving the sample. SUBJECTS The children (9-11 years) in LA (n 337) and NYC (n 211) considered themselves healthy enough to go to school on the day they gave the urine sample. RESULTS Elevated urine osmolality (>800 mmol/kg) was observed in 63 % and 66 % of participants in LA and NYC, respectively. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, elevated urine osmolality was associated with not reporting intake of drinking water in the morning (LA: OR = 2·1, 95 % CI 1·2, 3·5; NYC: OR = 1·8, 95 % CI 1·0, 3·5). Although over 90 % of both samples had breakfast before giving the urine sample, 75 % did not drink water. CONCLUSIONS Research is warranted to confirm these results and pursue their potential health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi D Stookey
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609, USA.
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Moreno IL, Pastre CM, Papoti M, Vanderlei LCM. Efeitos da reposição hidroeletrolítica sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios em exercício e recuperação. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742012000100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: a necessidade de reposição ao máximo das perdas hídricas tornou-se estabelecida e difundida nos consensos internacionais. Entretanto, permanece pouco compreendida a influência da reposição quando administrada, igualmente, durante e após o exercício sobre parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios. OBJETIVO: analisar os efeitos da reposição hidroeletrolítica na frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD), saturação parcial de oxigênio (SpO2) e frequência respiratória (f) de jovens durante e após um exercício de longa duração. MÉTODOS: 31 jovens (21,55 ± 1,89 anos) realizaram três visitas ao laboratório (intervalo de 48 horas entre elas), sendo na primeira aplicado um teste incremental, para determinação da carga utilizada nas visitas seguintes, e nas duas últimas, denominadas protocolo controle (PC) e protocolo experimental (PE), os sujeitos foram submetidos a 10 min de repouso supino, 90 min de exercício em esteira ergométrica (60% do VO2pico) e 60 min de repouso supino. No PC não houve hidratação e no PE houve ingestão de solução isotônica. Os parâmetros FC, PAS, PAD, SpO2 e f foram mensurados no final do repouso; nos minutos 30, 60 e 90 do exercício, com exceção da f; e nos minutos 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 pós-exercício. Foi aplicado o teste t de Student ou teste de Mann-Whitney e ANOVA para medidas repetidas ou teste de Friedman seguidos de testes post hoc, com p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: a solução hidroeletrolítica proporcionou manutenção da PAS e da PAD, e menor incremento da FC durante o exercício; e promoveu retorno mais rápido da FC e conservou PAD, SpO2, PAS (a partir do 5º min) e f (a partir do 30º min) no período de recuperação. CONCLUSÃO: o protocolo de hidratação influenciou parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios de jovens durante e após a realização de atividade física submáxima de intensidade constante e longa duração.
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Mendonca GV, Teixeira MS, Pereira FD. Cardiovascular responses to water ingestion at rest and during isometric handgrip exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:2495-501. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2223-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lu CC, Li MH, Lin TC, Chen TL, Chen RM, Tung CS, Tseng CJ, Ho ST. Water ingestion reduces skin blood flow through sympathetic vasoconstriction. Clin Auton Res 2011; 22:63-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10286-011-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It was previously demonstrated that drinking water significantly elevates the resting energy expenditure (REE) in adults, and that low water intake is associated with obesity and lesser success in weight reduction. This study addressed the potential of water drinking to increase the REE in children, as an additional tool for weight management. OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of drinking water on the REE of overweight children. DESIGN A total of 21 overweight, otherwise-healthy children (age 9.9±1.4 years, 11 males) drank 10 ml kg(-1) cold water (4 °C). REE was measured before and after water ingestion, for 66 min. The main outcome measure was the change in mean REE from baseline values. RESULTS Immediately after drinking water, there was a transient decrease in REE, from a baseline value of 3.32±1.15 kilojoule (kJ) per min to 2.56±0.66 kJ per min at minute 3 (P=0.005). A subsequent rise in REE was then observed, which was significantly higher than baseline after 24 min (3.89±0.78 kJ/min (P=0.021)), and at most time points thereafter. Maximal mean REE values were seen at 57 min after water drinking (4.16±1.43 kJ per min (P=0.004)), which were 25% higher than baseline. REE was significantly correlated with age, height, weight and fat-free mass; the correlations with maximal REE values after water drinking were stronger than with baseline REE values. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an increase of up to 25% in REE following the drinking of 10 ml kg(-1) of cold water in overweight children, lasting for over 40 min. Consuming the recommended daily amount of water for children could result in an energy expenditure equivalent to an additional weight loss of about 1.2 kg per year. These findings reinforce the concept of water-induced REE elevation shown in adults, suggesting that water drinking could assist overweight children in weight loss or maintenance, and may warrant emphasis in dietary guidelines against the obesity epidemic.
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Muller MD, Ryan EJ, Bellar DM, Kim CH, Williamson ME, Glickman EL, Blankfield RP. Effect of acute salt ingestion upon core temperature in healthy men. Hypertens Res 2011; 34:753-7. [PMID: 21490606 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2011.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Salt intake may cause conflict for the cardiovascular system as it attempts to simultaneously maintain blood pressure (BP) and temperature homeostasis. Our objective was to determine the effect of a salt and water load vs. a water load upon rectal temperature (Tre) in healthy volunteers. Twenty-two healthy, non-hypertensive Caucasian men enrolled in two trials in which they ingested either salt and body temperature water (SALT), or body temperature water (WATER). BP, Tre, cardiac index, peripheral resistance and urine output were monitored one, 2 and 3 h post-baseline. Changes in the dependent variables were compared between those subjects who were salt sensitive (SS) and those who were salt resistant (SR) at the same time intervals. The percentage change reduction in Tre was greater following SALT compared with WATER at +120 min (-1.1±0.7 vs. -0.6±0.5%, P=0.009) and at +180 min (-1.3±0.8 vs. -0.7±0.6%, P=0.003). The percentage change reduction in Tre was greater in the SR group compared with the SS group at +180 min (-1.6±0.9 vs. -0.9±0.5%, P=0.043). SALT decreased Tre more than WATER. SS individuals maintained temperature homeostasis more effectively than SR individuals following SALT. These results may explain why some individuals are SS while others are SR. If these results are generalizable, it would be possible to account for the role of sodium chloride in the development of SS hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Muller
- Kent State University, Exercise and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Kent, OH 44017, USA
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Ando SI, Kawamura N, Matsumoto M, Dan E, Takeshita A, Murakami K, Kashiwagi S, Kiyokawa H. Simple standing test predicts and water ingestion prevents vasovagal reaction in the high-risk blood donors. Transfusion 2011; 49:1630-6. [PMID: 19413739 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02189.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the serious complications of blood donation is vasovagal reaction (VVR) with syncope. This study was performed to determine if the measurement of hemodynamic responses to standing before blood collection (BC) was useful to identify the high-risk donors for VVR and also examined the effect of 300 mL of water ingestion in the prevention of VVR. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) during 5 minutes of standing were examined before and after BC in 93 donors. Because HR increase of 6 of 7 donors who developed syncopal VVR during standing after BC was 15 beats per minute (bpm) or greater, those with HR increase of 15 bpm or greater were determined as high-risk donors (n = 31). In another group (n = 117), 45 donors were identified as high risk based on the HR response before BC (15 bpm). The effect of 300 mL of water ingestion 15 minutes before BC on hemodynamic responses to standing and the rate of VVR after BC were analyzed. RESULTS Water ingestion given to the high-risk donors of the second group reduced HR increase with standing before BC (-6.6 ± 13.6 bpm, p < 0.02 vs. HR increase before water ingestion) and significantly suppressed VVR rate (2 of 45 donors with high risk, 4.4%,p < 0.04 vs. the first group; 6 of 31 high-risk donors, 19.4%). CONCLUSION HR response to standing before BC may detect the high-risk donors for VVR. For the high-risk donors, 300 mL of water ingestion may be a simple and effective way of prevention against syncopal VVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Ando
- Cardiology Division, Saiseikai Futsukaichi Hospital, 3-13-1 Yumachi, Chikushino 818-8516, Japan.
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Z'Graggen WJ, Hess CW, Humm AM. Acute fluid ingestion in the treatment of orthostatic intolerance - important implications for daily practice. Eur J Neurol 2011; 17:1370-6. [PMID: 20412295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid water ingestion improves orthostatic intolerance (OI) in multiple system atrophy (MSA) and postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS). We compared haemodynamic changes after water and clear soup intake, the latter being a common treatment strategy for OI in daily practice. METHODS Seven MSA and seven PoTS patients underwent head-up tilt (HUT) without fluid intake and 30 min after drinking 450 ml of water and clear soup, respectively. All patients suffered from moderate to severe OI because of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) and excessive orthostatic heart rate (HR) increase, respectively. Beat-to-beat cardiovascular indices were measured non-invasively. RESULTS In MSA, HUT had to be terminated prematurely in 2/7 patients after water, but in 6/7 after clear soup. At 3 min of HUT, there was an increase in blood pressure of 15.7(8.2)/8.3(2.3) mmHg after water, but a decrease of 11.6(18.9)/8.1(9.2) mmHg after clear soup (P < 0.05). In PoTS, HUT could always be completed for 10 min, but OI subjectively improved after both water and clear soup. The attenuation of excessive orthostatic HR increase did not differ significantly after water and clear soup drinking. CONCLUSIONS In MSA, clear soup cannot substitute water for eliciting a pressor effect, but even worsens OI after rapid ingestion. In PoTS, acute water and clear soup intake both result in improvement of OI. These findings cannot solely be explained by difference in osmolarity but may reflect some degree of superimposed postprandial hypotension in widespread autonomic failure in MSA compared to the mild and limited autonomic dysfunction in PoTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Z'Graggen
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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