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Khezri MR, Hsueh H, Mohammadipanah S, Khalili Fard J, Ghasemnejad‐Berenji M. The interplay between the PI3K/AKT pathway and circadian clock in physiologic and cancer-related pathologic conditions. Cell Prolif 2024; 57:e13608. [PMID: 38336976 PMCID: PMC11216939 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is responsible for the regulation of different cellular processes, and its disturbance has been linked to the development of different diseases, such as cancer. The main molecular mechanism for this issue has been linked to the crosstalk between core clock regulators and intracellular pathways responsible for cell survival. The PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is one of the most known intracellular pathways in the case of cancer initiation and progression. This pathway regulates different aspects of cell survival including proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and response to environmental stimuli. Accumulating evidence indicates that there is a link between the PI3K/AKT pathway activity and circadian rhythm in physiologic and cancer-related pathogenesis. Different classes of PI3Ks and AKT isoforms are involved in regulating circadian clock components in a transcriptional and functional manner. Reversely, core clock components induce a rhythmic fashion in PI3K and AKT activity in physiologic and pathogenic conditions. The aim of this review is to re-examine the interplay between this pathway and circadian clock components in normal condition and cancer pathogenesis, which provides a better understanding of how circadian rhythms may be involved in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research InstituteUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Hsiang‐Yin Hsueh
- The Ohio State University Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental BiologyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Somayeh Mohammadipanah
- Reproductive Health Research Center, Clinical Research InstituteUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
| | - Javad Khalili Fard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad‐Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of PharmacyUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
- Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical SciencesUrmia University of Medical SciencesUrmiaIran
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2
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van Rosmalen L, Deota S, Maier G, Le HD, Lin T, Ramasamy RK, Hut RA, Panda S. Energy balance drives diurnal and nocturnal brain transcriptome rhythms. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113951. [PMID: 38508192 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasticity in daily timing of activity has been observed in many species, yet the underlying mechanisms driving nocturnality and diurnality are unknown. By regulating how much wheel-running activity will be rewarded with a food pellet, we can manipulate energy balance and switch mice to be nocturnal or diurnal. Here, we present the rhythmic transcriptome of 21 tissues, including 17 brain regions, sampled every 4 h over a 24-h period from nocturnal and diurnal male CBA/CaJ mice. Rhythmic gene expression across tissues comprised different sets of genes with minimal overlap between nocturnal and diurnal mice. We show that non-clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) change, and the habenula was most affected. Our results indicate that adaptive flexibility in daily timing of behavior is supported by gene expression dynamics in many tissues and brain regions, especially in the habenula, which suggests a crucial role for the observed nocturnal-diurnal switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura van Rosmalen
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shaunak Deota
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Geraldine Maier
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiep D Le
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Terry Lin
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ramasamy
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roelof A Hut
- Chronobiology Unit, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Regulatory Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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3
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Hibberd TJ, Ramsay S, Spencer-Merris P, Dinning PG, Zagorodnyuk VP, Spencer NJ. Circadian rhythms in colonic function. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1239278. [PMID: 37711458 PMCID: PMC10498548 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1239278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A rhythmic expression of clock genes occurs within the cells of multiple organs and tissues throughout the body, termed "peripheral clocks." Peripheral clocks are subject to entrainment by a multitude of factors, many of which are directly or indirectly controlled by the light-entrainable clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. Peripheral clocks occur in the gastrointestinal tract, notably the epithelia whose functions include regulation of absorption, permeability, and secretion of hormones; and in the myenteric plexus, which is the intrinsic neural network principally responsible for the coordination of muscular activity in the gut. This review focuses on the physiological circadian variation of major colonic functions and their entraining mechanisms, including colonic motility, absorption, hormone secretion, permeability, and pain signalling. Pathophysiological states such as irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis and their interactions with circadian rhythmicity are also described. Finally, the classic circadian hormone melatonin is discussed, which is expressed in the gut in greater quantities than the pineal gland, and whose exogenous use has been of therapeutic interest in treating colonic pathophysiological states, including those exacerbated by chronic circadian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Hibberd
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Stewart Ramsay
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Phil G. Dinning
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Colorectal Surgical Unit, Division of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Nick J. Spencer
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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4
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Homeida AM, Homeida MA, Al-Suhaimi EA. Circadian hormone secretion of enteroendocrine cells: implication on pregnancy status. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106382. [PMID: 37234809 PMCID: PMC10206244 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing of food intake is a key cue for circadian rhythms in humans and animals. In response to food intake, gut hormones called incretin are produced by intestinal enteroendocrine cells in a circadian rhythm that stimulates insulin secretion and regulates body weight and energy expenditure. Pregnancy is associated with the expansion of β cells, the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, and excessive weight gain. The timing of food intake is a good way to address metabolic complications during pregnancy. The current review focuses on the circadian rhythms and biological actions of enteroendocrine hormones and their associations with pregnancy status, specifically topics like food intake and gut circadian rhythms, the circadian secretion of enteroendocrine peptides, and the effects of these factors during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelgadir M. Homeida
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Homeida
- UH Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ebtesam A. Al-Suhaimi
- Department of Environmental Health Research, Institute of Research and Medical Consultations Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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5
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The Circadian Axis and Cardiometabolic Syndrome. JOURNAL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/jim-2022-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Circadian rhythm refers to the daily physiologically fluctuating patterns of systemic processes that occur within a circa 24-hour timeframe, independently of external factors. There is evidence that in time, external and internal cycle misalignment leads to severe health consequences, resulting in the development of cardiometabolic disturbances. Desynchronized hormonal fluctuations along with daily specific macronutrient utilization patterns are also discussed, which by consequence, are all predictors of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to provide insight on the circadian clock’s organization throughout the human body and to explain the underlying genetic background. By understanding these well-established molecular mechanisms and processes, we believe this paper will provide accuracy regarding the importance of the circadian clock’s integrity and will highlight its role in the etiopathology of cardiometabolic syndrome.
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6
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Fagiani F, Di Marino D, Romagnoli A, Travelli C, Voltan D, Mannelli LDC, Racchi M, Govoni S, Lanni C. Molecular regulations of circadian rhythm and implications for physiology and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 35136018 PMCID: PMC8825842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00899-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “circadian rhythms” describes endogenous oscillations with ca. 24-h period associated with the earth’s daily rotation and light/dark cycle. Such rhythms reflect the existence of an intrinsic circadian clock that temporally orchestrates physiological processes to adapt the internal environment with the external cues. At the molecular level, the circadian clock consists of multiple sets of transcription factors resulting in autoregulatory transcription-translation feedback loops. Notably, in addition to their primary role as generator of circadian rhythm, the biological clock plays a key role in controlling physiological functions of almost all tissues and organs. It regulates several intracellular signaling pathways, ranging from cell proliferation, DNA damage repair and response, angiogenesis, metabolic and redox homeostasis, to inflammatory and immune response. In this review, we summarize findings showing the crosstalk between the circadian molecular clock and some key intracellular pathways, describing a scenario wherein their reciprocal regulation impinges upon several aspects of mammalian physiology. Moreover, based on evidence indicating that circadian rhythms can be challenged by environmental factors, social behaviors, as well as pre-existing pathological conditions, we discuss implications of circadian misalignment in human pathologies, such as cancer and inflammatory diseases. Accordingly, disruption of circadian rhythm has been reported to affect several physiological processes that are relevant to human diseases. Expanding our understanding of this field represents an intriguing and transversal medicine challenge in order to establish a circadian precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alice Romagnoli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.,New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Voltan
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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7
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Lu Q, Kim JY. Mammalian circadian networks mediated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus. FEBS J 2021; 289:6589-6604. [PMID: 34657394 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The brain has a complex structure composed of hundreds of regions, forming networks to cooperate body functions. Therefore, understanding how various brain regions communicate with each other and with peripheral organs is important to understand human physiology. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain is the circadian pacemaker. The SCN receives photic information from the environment and conveys this to other parts of the brain and body to synchronize all circadian clocks. The circadian clock is an endogenous oscillator that generates daily rhythms in metabolism and physiology in almost all cells via a conserved transcriptional-translational negative feedback loop. So, the information flow from the environment to the SCN to other tissues synchronizes locally distributed circadian clocks to maintain homeostasis. Thus, understanding the circadian networks and how they adjust to environmental changes will better understand human physiology. This review will focus on circadian networks mediated by the SCN to understand how the environment, brain, and peripheral tissues form networks for cooperation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Tung Foundation Biomedical Sciences Centre, Hong Kong, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Greco CM, Koronowski KB, Smith JG, Shi J, Kunderfranco P, Carriero R, Chen S, Samad M, Welz PS, Zinna VM, Mortimer T, Chun SK, Shimaji K, Sato T, Petrus P, Kumar A, Vaca-Dempere M, Deryagian O, Van C, Kuhn JMM, Lutter D, Seldin MM, Masri S, Li W, Baldi P, Dyar KA, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Benitah SA, Sassone-Corsi P. Integration of feeding behavior by the liver circadian clock reveals network dependency of metabolic rhythms. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi7828. [PMID: 34550736 PMCID: PMC8457671 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi7828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock, expressed throughout the brain and body, controls daily metabolic homeostasis. Clock function in peripheral tissues is required, but not sufficient, for this task. Because of the lack of specialized animal models, it is unclear how tissue clocks interact with extrinsic signals to drive molecular oscillations. Here, we isolated the interaction between feeding and the liver clock by reconstituting Bmal1 exclusively in hepatocytes (Liver-RE), in otherwise clock-less mice, and controlling timing of food intake. We found that the cooperative action of BMAL1 and the transcription factor CEBPB regulates daily liver metabolic transcriptional programs. Functionally, the liver clock and feeding rhythm are sufficient to drive temporal carbohydrate homeostasis. By contrast, liver rhythms tied to redox and lipid metabolism required communication with the skeletal muscle clock, demonstrating peripheral clock cross-talk. Our results highlight how the inner workings of the clock system rely on communicating signals to maintain daily metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M. Greco
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kevin B. Koronowski
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jacob G. Smith
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jiejun Shi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paolo Kunderfranco
- Bioinformatics Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Roberta Carriero
- Bioinformatics Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center–IRCCS, Rozzano 20089, Italy
| | - Siwei Chen
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Muntaha Samad
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Program in Cancer Research, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Valentina M. Zinna
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Thomas Mortimer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sung Kook Chun
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kohei Shimaji
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Tomoki Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Paul Petrus
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Mireia Vaca-Dempere
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Oleg Deryagian
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Cassandra Van
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - José Manuel Monroy Kuhn
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Lutter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Computational Discovery Research, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus M. Seldin
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Selma Masri
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, UCI, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Dyar
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), CIBER on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Salvador Aznar Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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9
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Circadian Clock and Liver Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143631. [PMID: 34298842 PMCID: PMC8306099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The circadian coordination of metabolism is tightly regulated, and its alteration can trigger several diseases, including liver steatohepatitis and cancer. Many factors (such as diet and jet lag) shape both the liver molecular clock and the circadian transcription/translation of genes related to different metabolic pathways. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms that control this circadian regulation of liver metabolism. Abstract Circadian clocks control several homeostatic processes in mammals through internal molecular mechanisms. Chronic perturbation of circadian rhythms is associated with metabolic diseases and increased cancer risk, including liver cancer. The hepatic physiology follows a daily rhythm, driven by clock genes that control the expression of several proteins involved in distinct metabolic pathways. Alteration of the liver clock results in metabolic disorders, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) and impaired glucose metabolism, that can trigger the activation of oncogenic pathways, inducing spontaneous hepatocarcinoma (HCC). In this review, we provide an overview of the role of the liver clock in the metabolic and oncogenic changes that lead to HCC and discuss new potentially useful targets for prevention and management of HCC.
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10
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Nakai A, Leach S, Suzuki K. Control of immune cell trafficking through inter-organ communication. Int Immunol 2021; 33:327-335. [PMID: 33751050 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a cardinal feature of the immune system. Immune cell trafficking is orchestrated principally by chemokines and adhesion molecules, which guide the cells to the right place and at the right time to efficiently induce immune responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that signals from other organ systems influence the expression of and responsiveness to these guidance cues and consequentially immune cell migration. Neuronal inputs control entry and exit of immune cells to and from lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. The circadian clock helps establish diurnal variations in immune cell distribution among tissues. Nutritional status also alters immune cell homing to the bone marrow. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about inter-organ control of immune cell trafficking and discuss the physiological and pathological significance of these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakai
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sarah Leach
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Immune Response Dynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immune Response Dynamics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Lim ASP. Diurnal and seasonal molecular rhythms in the human brain and their relation to Alzheimer disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2021; 179:271-284. [PMID: 34225968 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819975-6.00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal and seasonal rhythms influence many aspects of human physiology including brain function. Moreover, altered diurnal and seasonal behavioral and physiological rhythms have been linked to Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Understanding the molecular basis for these links may lead to identification of novel targets to mitigate the negative impact of normal and abnormal diurnal and seasonal rhythms on ADRD or to alleviate the adverse consequences of ADRD on normal diurnal and seasonal rhythms. Diurnally and seasonally rhythmic gene expression and epigenetic modification in the human neocortex may be a key mechanism underlying these links. This chapter will first review the observed epidemiological links between normal and abnormal diurnal and seasonal rhythmicity, cognitive impairment, and ADRD. Then it will review normal diurnal and seasonal rhythms of brain epigenetic modification and gene expression in model organisms. Finally, it will review evidence for diurnal and seasonal rhythms of epigenetic modification and gene expression the human brain in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S P Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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12
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Xie X, Kukino A, Calcagno HE, Berman AM, Garner JP, Butler MP. Natural food intake patterns have little synchronizing effect on peripheral circadian clocks. BMC Biol 2020; 18:160. [PMID: 33158435 PMCID: PMC7646075 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian rhythms across mammalian tissues are coordinated by a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that is principally entrained by light-dark cycles. Prior investigations have shown, however, that time-restricted feeding (TRF)—daily alternation of fasting and food availability—synchronizes peripheral clocks independent of the light-dark cycle and of the SCN. This has led to the idea that downstream peripheral clocks are entrained indirectly by food intake rhythms. However, TRF is not a normal eating pattern, and it imposes non-physiologic long fasts that rodents do not typically experience. Therefore, we tested whether normal feeding patterns can phase-shift or entrain peripheral tissues by measuring circadian rhythms of the liver, kidney, and submandibular gland in mPer2Luc mice under different food schedules. Results We employed home cage feeders to first measure ad libitum food intake and then to dispense 20-mg pellets on a schedule mimicking that pattern. In both conditions, PER2::LUC bioluminescence peaked during the night as expected. Surprisingly, shifting the scheduled feeding by 12 h advanced peripheral clocks by only 0–3 h, much less than predicted from TRF protocols. To isolate the effects of feeding from the light-dark cycle, clock phase was then measured in mice acclimated to scheduled feeding over the course of 3 months in constant darkness. In these conditions, peripheral clock phases were better predicted by the rest-activity cycle than by the food schedule, contrary to expectation based on TRF studies. At the end of both experiments, mice were exposed to a modified TRF with food provided in eight equally sized meals over 12 h. In the light-dark cycle, this advanced the phase of the liver and kidney, though less so than in TRF with ad libitum access; in darkness, this entrained the liver and kidney but had little effect on the submandibular gland or the rest-activity cycle. Conclusions These data suggest that natural feeding patterns can only weakly affect circadian clocks. Instead, in normally feeding mice, the central pacemaker in the brain may set the phase of peripheral organs via pathways that are independent of feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Xie
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road - L606, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.,Current Address: Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ayaka Kukino
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road - L606, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Haley E Calcagno
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road - L606, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Alec M Berman
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road - L606, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Joseph P Garner
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road - L606, Portland, OR, 97239, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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13
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Hettwer S, Besic Gyenge E, Obermayer B. Influence of cosmetic formulations on the skin's circadian clock. Int J Cosmet Sci 2020; 42:313-319. [PMID: 32277494 PMCID: PMC7496414 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The circadian rhythm was set into focus by awarding the Nobel Price of Physiology/Medicine to Jeffrey Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael Young in late 2017. Numerous publications elucidated the molecular mechanisms driving the circadian biorhythms of our body, peripheral organs and each single cell. However, there is minor knowledge on the circadian rhythm of the skin, which has its own peripheral circadian clock in contact with cosmetic formulations. The skin's epidermal clock is excessively influenced by environmental factors like UV radiation or modern lifestyle, which may induce epidermal jetlag. Here, we give an overview on the current knowledge about the epidermal circadian clock and provide a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the biorhythm of the skin. METHODS Quantitative RT-PCR to analyse the gene expression of circadian clock genes and the downstream DNA repair gene OGG1 in keratinocytes irradiated with UV-B. In vivo study to determine skin parameters dependent on the circadian cycle and interference of cosmetic formulations to them by assessment of morning and evening values at each measurement day after 28, 56 and 84 days of the study. RESULTS UV-B irradiation leads to a pronounced delay in circadian clock and downstream gene expression which interferes in the proper function of epidermal stem cells and as thus skin function. The use of a cosmetic active ingredient prevents cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, protects epidermal stem cells and resets the circadian gene expression. It preserves the circadian changes in skin hydration, reduces daily fluctuations of skin redness and strengthens the skin barrier. CONCLUSION The skin has its own circadian biorhythm to gain full functionality. Interruption of this oscillation will lead to functional impairments. Here we show a cosmetic solution to protect and preserve the skin's circadian rhythm. DNA protection, ROS elimination and stimulation of circadian gene expression seem to be crucial to keep the skin in balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hettwer
- RAHN AG, Dörflistrasse 120, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
| | | | - B Obermayer
- RAHN AG, Dörflistrasse 120, Zürich, 8050, Switzerland
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14
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Benitah SA, Welz PS. Circadian Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Homeostasis and Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:817-831. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Welz PS, Benitah SA. Molecular Connections Between Circadian Clocks and Aging. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:3661-3679. [PMID: 31887285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clockwork has evolved as a timing system that allows the daily environmental changes to be anticipated so that behavior and tissue physiology can be adjusted accordingly. The circadian clock synchronizes the function of all cells within tissues in order to temporally separate preclusive and potentially harmful physiologic processes and to establish a coherent temporal organismal physiology. Thus, the proper functioning of the circadian clockwork is essential for maintaining cellular and tissue homeostasis. Importantly, aging reduces the robustness of the circadian clock, resulting in disturbed sleep-wake cycles, a lowered capacity to synchronize circadian rhythms in peripheral tissues, and reprogramming of the circadian clock output at the molecular function levels. These circadian clock-dependent behavioral and molecular changes in turn further accelerate the process of aging. Here we review the current knowledge about how aging affects the circadian clock, how the functional decline of the circadian clock affects aging, and how the circadian clock machinery and the molecular processes that underlie aging are intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - S A Benitah
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Satou R, Shibukawa Y, Kimura M, Sugihara N. Light conditions affect rhythmic expression of aquaporin 5 and anoctamin 1 in rat submandibular glands. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02792. [PMID: 31844723 PMCID: PMC6895735 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate various physiological functions and are, therefore, essential for health. Light helps regulate the master and peripheral clocks. The secretion rates of saliva and electrolytes follow a circadian rhythm as well. However, the relationship between the molecular mechanism of saliva water secretion and the peripheral circadian rhythm in salivary glands is not yet clear. The transmembrane proteins aquaporin5 (Aqp5) and anoctamin1 (Ano1) are essential for water transport in the submandibular glands (SGs). The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of light conditioning on the peripheral clock in SGs. We examined temporal expression patterns among clock genes, Aqp5 and Ano1, in rat SGs under light/dark (LD) and dark/dark (DD) conditions. We observed circadian rhythmic expression of Bmal1, Per2, Cry1, Aqp5, and Ano1 mRNAs under both LD and DD conditions. The expression levels of Aqp5 and Ano1 peaked 6 h earlier under the DD condition than under the LD condition. Maintenance of the circadian rhythm of Aqp5 and Ano1 expression even under the DD condition indicates that Aqp5 and Ano1 may be controlled by clock genes; such genes are called clock-controlled genes (CCGs). Western blot analysis revealed the circadian oscillation and peak shift of AQP5 and ANO1expression under DD conditions. Clock genes may regulate the rhythmic expression of Ano1 and Aqp5 and may control osmic gradients in SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Satou
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shibukawa
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental College, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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17
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Shaw E, Leung GKW, Jong J, Coates AM, Davis R, Blair M, Huggins CE, Dorrian J, Banks S, Kellow NJ, Bonham MP. The Impact of Time of Day on Energy Expenditure: Implications for Long-Term Energy Balance. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2383. [PMID: 31590425 PMCID: PMC6835928 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence to indicate that the central biological clock (i.e., our endogenous circadian system) plays a role in physiological processes in the body that impact energy regulation and metabolism. Cross-sectional data suggest that energy consumption later in the day and during the night is associated with weight gain. These findings have led to speculation that when, as well as what, we eat may be important for maintaining energy balance. Emerging literature suggests that prioritising energy intake to earlier during the day may help with body weight maintenance. Evidence from tightly controlled acute experimental studies indicates a disparity in the body's ability to utilise (expend) energy equally across the day and night. Energy expenditure both at rest (resting metabolic rate) and after eating (thermic effect of food) is typically more efficient earlier during the day. In this review, we discuss the key evidence for a circadian pattern in energy utilisation and balance, which depends on meal timing. Whilst there is limited evidence that simply prioritising energy intake to earlier in the day is an effective strategy for weight loss, we highlight the potential benefits of considering the role of meal timing for improving metabolic health and energy balance. This review demonstrates that to advance our understanding of the contribution of the endogenous circadian system toward energy balance, targeted studies that utilise appropriate methodologies are required that focus on meal timing and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Shaw
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Gloria K W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Jessica Jong
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Alison M Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia.
| | - Rochelle Davis
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Merran Blair
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Catherine E Huggins
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia.
| | - Siobhan Banks
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5072, Australia.
| | - Nicole J Kellow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
| | - Maxine P Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168 Australia.
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18
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Paulose JK, Cassone CV, Graniczkowska KB, Cassone VM. Entrainment of the Circadian Clock of the Enteric Bacterium Klebsiella aerogenes by Temperature Cycles. iScience 2019; 19:1202-1213. [PMID: 31551197 PMCID: PMC6831877 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal bacterium Klebsiella (née Enterobacter) aerogenes expresses an endogenously generated, temperature-compensated circadian rhythm in swarming motility. We hypothesized that this rhythm may be synchronized/entrained in vivo by body temperature (TB). To determine entrainment, cultures expressing bioluminescence were exposed to temperature cycles of 1°C (35°C-36°C) or 3°C (34°C-37°C) in amplitude at periods (T-cycles) of T = 22, T = 24, or T = 28 h. Bacteria entrained to all T-cycles at both amplitudes and with stable phase relationships. A high-amplitude phase response curve (PRC) in response to 1-h pulses of 3°C temperature spike (34°C-37°C) at different circadian phases was constructed, revealing a Type-0 phase resetting paradigm. Furthermore, real-time bioluminescence imaging revealed a spatiotemporal pattern to the circadian rhythm. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the K. aerogenes circadian clock entrains to its host via detection of and phase shifting to the daily pattern of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiffin K Paulose
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Charles V Cassone
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | | | - Vincent M Cassone
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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19
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The circadian clock control of adipose tissue physiology and metabolism. Auton Neurosci 2019; 219:66-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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20
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Yasuda S, Iwami S, Tamura K, Ikeda Y, Kamagata M, Sasaki H, Haraguchi A, Miyamatsu M, Hanashi S, Takato Y, Shibata S. Phase resetting of circadian peripheral clocks using human and rodent diets in mouse models of type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. Chronobiol Int 2019; 36:851-869. [PMID: 30990101 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1594245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression rhythms of clock genes, such as Per1, Per2, Bmal1, and Rev-erb α, in mouse peripheral clocks, are entrained by a scheduled feeding paradigm. In terms of food composition, a carbohydrate-containing diet is reported to cause strong entrainment through insulin secretion. However, it is unknown whether human diets entrain peripheral circadian clocks. In this study, we used freeze-dried diets for type 2 diabetes (DB) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), as well as low-carbohydrate diets. After 24 h of fasting, PER2::LUC knock-in mice were given access to food for 2 days during inactive periods, and bioluminescence rhythm was then measured using an in vivo imaging system. AIN-93M, the control mouse diet with a protein:fat:carbohydrate (PFC) ratio of 14.7:9.5:75.8, caused a significant phase advance (7.3 h) in the liver clock compared with that in 24 h fasted mice, whereas human diets caused significant but smaller phase advances (4.7-6.2 h). Compared with healthy and high fat/sucrose-induced DB mice, adenine-induced CKD mice showed attenuation of a phase-advance with a normal diet. There were no significant differences in phase-advance values between human diets (normal, DB, and CKD). In addition, a normal-carbohydrate diet (PFC ratio of 20.3:23.3:56.4) and a low-carbohydrate diet (PFC ratio of 36.4:42.9:20.7) caused similar phase advances in peripheral clocks. The present results strongly suggest that scheduled feeding with human diets can cause phase advances in the peripheral clocks of not only healthy, but also DB and CKD mice. This discovery provides support to the food-induced entrainment of peripheral clocks in human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Yasuda
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shiho Iwami
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Konomi Tamura
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Mayo Kamagata
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan.,b National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , AIST-Waseda University Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL) , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Atsushi Haraguchi
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Masako Miyamatsu
- c SHIDAX Research Institute , SHIDAX Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shizuka Hanashi
- c SHIDAX Research Institute , SHIDAX Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takato
- c SHIDAX Research Institute , SHIDAX Corporation , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- a Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering , Waseda University , Tokyo , Japan
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21
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Nishide S, Yoshihara T, Hongou H, Kanehira T, Yawaka Y. Daily life habits associated with eveningness lead to a higher prevalence of dental caries in children. J Dent Sci 2019; 14:302-308. [PMID: 31528259 PMCID: PMC6739456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Circadian rhythm is an endogenous daily variation observed in most physiological functions including salivary secretion. Irregular lifestyle causes many diseases such as obesity and sleep disorders. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the timings of sleep and meal on the prevalence of dental caries. Materials and methods Study was conducted at university hospital in Japan. We asked 230 children (1–16 years old) to record the following life habits for 8 days: waking time, bedtime, mealtimes, snacking frequency, and tooth brushing frequency. We analyzed sleep habits from all data and compared dental caries and life habits using data from subjects with primary (2–7 years old) or permanent (11–16 years old) dentition period. Results The number of dental caries assessed using the decay or filled teeth (dft) index correlated with bedtime, supper time, regularity of supper time, and snacking frequency in subjects with primary dentition. Multiple regression analysis revealed that bedtime and snacking frequency were mutually independent risk factors for dental caries. No correlations were found between the prevalence of dental caries and other measurement items. The number of caries correlated with the regularity of supper time and age in subjects with permanent dentition. Conclusion Children with daily life habits associated with eveningness have a higher prevalence of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Nishide
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Division of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Science, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan.,Department of Biology, Center for Development in Higher Education, Health Science University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yoshihara
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Division of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Hongou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanehira
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Yawaka
- Department of Dentistry for Children and Disabled Persons, Division of Oral Functional Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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22
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Honma S. Development of the mammalian circadian clock. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:182-193. [PMID: 30589961 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system is composed of a central clock situated in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral clocks of each tissue and organ in the body. While much has been learned about the pre- and postnatal development of the circadian system, there are still many unanswered questions about how and when cellular clocks start to tick and form the circadian system. Most SCN neurons contain a cell-autonomous circadian clock with individual specific periodicity. Therefore, the network of cellular oscillators is critical for the coherent rhythm expression and orchestration of the peripheral clocks by the SCN. The SCN is the only circadian clock entrained by an environmental light-dark cycle. Photic entrainment starts postnatally, and the SCN starts to function gradually as a central clock that controls physiological and behavioral rhythms during postnatal development. The SCN exhibits circadian rhythms in clock gene expression from the embryonic stage throughout postnatal life and the rhythm phenotypes remain basically unchanged. However, the disappearance of coherent circadian rhythms in cryptochrome-deficient SCN revealed changes in the SCN networks that occur in postnatal weeks 2-3. The SCN network consists of multiple clusters of cellular circadian rhythms that are differentially integrated by the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and arginine vasopressin signaling depending on the period of postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sato Honma
- Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Nickla DL, Schroedl F. Effects of autonomic denervations on the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness in chicks. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:139-149. [PMID: 30604271 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-01310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In chicks, axial length and choroidal thickness undergo circadian oscillations. The choroid is innervated by both branches of the autonomic nervous system, but their contribution(s) to these rhythms is unknown. We used two combination lesions to test this. For parasympathectomy, nerve VII was sectioned presynaptic to the pterygopalatine ganglia, and the ciliary post-ganglionics were cut (double lesion; n = 8). Triple lesions excised the sympathetic superior cervical ganglion as well (n = 8). Sham surgery was done in controls (n = 7). 8-14 days later, axial dimensions were measured with ultrasonography at 4-h intervals over 24 h. Rhythm parameters were assessed using a "best fit" function, and growth rates measured. Both types of lesions resulted in ultradian (> 1 cycle/24 h) rhythms in choroidal thickness and axial length, and increased vitreous chamber growth (Exp-fellow: double: 69 µm; triple: 104 µm; p < 0.05). For double lesions, the frequency was 1.5 cycles/day for both rhythms; for triples the choroidal rhythm was 1.5 cycles/day, and the axial was 3 cycles/day. For double lesions, the amplitudes of both rhythms were larger than those of sham surgery controls (axial: 107 vs 54 µm; choroid: 124 vs 29 µm, p < 0.05). These findings provide evidence for the involvement of abnormal ocular rhythms in the growth stimulation underlying myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora L Nickla
- The New England College of Optometry, 424 Beacon St., Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Uchida H, Nakamura TJ, Takasu NN, Obana-Koshino A, Ono H, Todo T, Sakai T, Nakamura W. The central clock controls the daily rhythm of Aqp5 expression in salivary glands. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:377-385. [PMID: 28484984 PMCID: PMC10717580 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salivary secretion displays day-night variations that are controlled by the circadian clock. The central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) regulates daily physiological rhythms by prompting peripheral oscillators to adjust to changing environments. Aquaporin 5 (Aqp5) is known to play a key role in salivary secretion, but the association between Aqp5 and the circadian rhythm is poorly understood. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether Aqp5 expression in submandibular glands (SMGs) is driven by the central clock in the SCN or by autonomous oscillations. We observed circadian oscillations in the activity of period circadian protein homolog 2 and luciferase fusion protein (PER2::LUC) in cultured SMGs with periodicity depending on core clock genes. A daily rhythm was detected in the expression profiles of Aqp5 in SMGs in vivo. In cultured SMGs ex vivo, clock genes showed distinct circadian rhythms, whereas Aqp5 expression did not. These data indicate that daily Aqp5 expression in the mouse SMG is driven by the central clock in the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahiro J Nakamura
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 164-8530, Japan
| | - Nana N Takasu
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Aya Obana-Koshino
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ono
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takeshi Todo
- Department of Radiation Biology and Medical Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sakai
- Department of Oral-Facial Disorders, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Wataru Nakamura
- Department of Oral-Chrono Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan.
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25
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Grygoryev D, Rountree MR, Rwatambuga F, Ohlrich A, Kukino A, Butler MP, Allen CN, Turker MS. Rapid Response and Slow Recovery of the H3K4me3 Epigenomic Marker in the Liver after Light-mediated Phase Advances of the Circadian Clock. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:363-375. [PMID: 29888643 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418779958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian tissues display circadian rhythms in transcription, translation, and histone modifications. Here we asked how an advance of the light-dark cycle alters daily rhythms in the liver epigenome at the H3K4me3 (trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3) modification, which is found at active and poised gene promoters. H3K4me3 levels were first measured at 4 time points (zeitgeber time [ZT] 3, 8, 15, and 20) during a normal 12L:12D light-dark cycle. Peak levels were observed during the early dark phase at ZT15 and dropped to low levels around lights-on (ZT0) between ZT20 and ZT3. A 6-h phase advance at ZT18 (new lights-on after only 6 h of darkness) led to a transient extension of peak H3K4me3 levels. Although locomotor activity reentrained within a week after the phase advance, H3K4me3 rhythms failed to do so, with peak levels remaining in the light phase at the 1-week recovery time point. Eight weekly phase advances, with 1-week recovery times between each phase advance, further disrupted the H3K4me3 rhythms. Finally, we used the mPer2Luc knockin mouse to determine whether the phase advance also disrupted Per2 protein expression. Similar to the results from the histone work, we found both a rapid response to the phase advance and a delayed recovery, the latter in sync with H3K4me3 levels. A model to explain these results is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Grygoryev
- 1 These authors contributed equally to this study.,Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael R Rountree
- 1 These authors contributed equally to this study.,Nzumbe Inc., Portland, Oregon
| | - Furaha Rwatambuga
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Anna Ohlrich
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Ayaka Kukino
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Matthew P Butler
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Charles N Allen
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Mitchell S Turker
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.,Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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26
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Fang M, Kang HG, Park Y, Estrella B, Zarbl H. In Vitro Bioluminescence Assay to Characterize Circadian Rhythm in Mammary Epithelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28994762 DOI: 10.3791/55832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a fundamental physiological process present in all organisms that regulates biological processes ranging from gene expression to sleep behavior. In vertebrates, circadian rhythm is controlled by a molecular oscillator that functions in both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN; central pacemaker) and individual cells comprising most peripheral tissues. More importantly, disruption of circadian rhythm by exposure to light-at-night, environmental stressors and/or toxicants is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases and aging. The ability to identify agents that can disrupt central and/or peripheral biological clocks, and agents that can prevent or mitigate the effects of circadian disruption, has significant implications for prevention of chronic diseases. Although rodent models can be used to identify exposures and agents that induce or prevent/mitigate circadian disruption, these experiments require large numbers of animals. In vivo studies also require significant resources and infrastructure, and require researchers to work all night. Thus, there is an urgent need for a cell-type appropriate in vitro system to screen for environmental circadian disruptors and enhancers in cell types from different organs and disease states. We constructed a vector that drives transcription of the destabilized luciferase in eukaryotic cells under the control of the human PERIOD 2 gene promoter. This circadian reporter construct was stably transfected into human mammary epithelial cells, and circadian responsive reporter cells were selected to develop the in vitro bioluminescence assay. Here, we present a detailed protocol to establish and validate the assay. We further provide details for proof of concept experiments demonstrating the ability of our in vitro assay to recapitulate the in vivo effects of various chemicals on the cellular biological clock. The results indicate that the assay can be adapted to a variety of cell types to screen for both environmental disruptors and chemopreventive enhancers of circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University;
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency
| | - Youngil Park
- Veterinary Drugs & Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency
| | - Brian Estrella
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University
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27
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Circadian clock-dependent increase in salivary IgA secretion modulated by sympathetic receptor activation in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8802. [PMID: 28821839 PMCID: PMC5562870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The salivary gland is rhythmically controlled by sympathetic nerve activation from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which functions as the main oscillator of circadian rhythms. In humans, salivary IgA concentrations reflect circadian rhythmicity, which peak during sleep. However, the mechanisms controlling this rhythmicity are not well understood. Therefore, we examined whether the timing of parasympathetic (pilocarpine) or sympathetic (norepinephrine; NE) activation affects IgA secretion in the saliva. The concentrations of saliva IgA modulated by pilocarpine activation or by a combination of pilocarpine and NE activation were the highest in the middle of the light period, independent of saliva flow rate. The circadian rhythm of IgA secretion was weakened by an SCN lesion and Clock gene mutation, suggesting the importance of the SCN and Clock gene on this rhythm. Adrenoceptor antagonists blocked both NE- and pilocarpine-induced basal secretion of IgA. Dimeric IgA binds to the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the basolateral surface of epithelial cells and forms the IgA-pIgR complex. The circadian rhythm of Pigr abundance peaked during the light period, suggesting pIgR expression upon rhythmic secretion of IgA. We speculate that activation of sympathetic nerves during sleep may protect from bacterial access to the epithelial surface through enhanced secretion of IgA.
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28
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Kamagata M, Ikeda Y, Sasaki H, Hattori Y, Yasuda S, Iwami S, Tsubosaka M, Ishikawa R, Todoh A, Tamura K, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Potent synchronization of peripheral circadian clocks by glucocorticoid injections in PER2::LUC-Clock/Clock mice. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1067-1082. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1338716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Kamagata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Hattori
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Yasuda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Iwami
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miku Tsubosaka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Todoh
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konomi Tamura
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Espitia-Bautista E, Velasco-Ramos M, Osnaya-Ramírez I, Ángeles-Castellanos M, Buijs RM, Escobar C. Social jet-lag potentiates obesity and metabolic syndrome when combined with cafeteria diet in rats. Metabolism 2017. [PMID: 28641787 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Modern lifestyle promotes shifted sleep onset and shifted wake up time between weekdays and weekends, producing a condition termed "social-jet lag." Disrupted sleep promotes increased appetite for carbohydrate and fat-rich food, which in long term leads to overweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome. In order to mimic the human situation we produced an experimental model of social-jet lag (Sj-l). With this model, we explored the link between shifted sleep time with consumption of a cafeteria diet (CafD) and the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. SUBJECTS/METHODS The first experiment was designed to create and confirm the model of Sj-l. Rats (n=8-10/group) were exposed to a shifted sleep time protocol achieved by placing the rats in slow rotating wheels from Monday to Friday during the first 4h of the light period, while on weekends they were left undisturbed. The second experiment (n=8-12/group) explored the combined effect of Sj-l with the opportunity to ingest CafD. All protocols lasted 12weeks. We evaluated the development of overweight and indicators of metabolic syndrome. The statistical significance for all variables was set at P<0.05. RESULTS Sj-l alone did not affect body weight gain but induced significant changes in cholesterol in metabolic variables representing a risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Daily restricted access to CafD in the day or night induced glucose intolerance and only CafD during the day led to overweight. Sj-l combined with CafD induced overconsumption of the diet, potentiated body weight gain (16%) and promoted 5 of the criteria for metabolic syndrome including high insulin and dislipidemia. CONCLUSION Present data provide an experimental model of social-jet lag that combined with overconsumption of CafD, and maximized the development of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Importantly, access to CafD during the night did not lead to overweight nor metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Espitia-Bautista
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Velasco-Ramos
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, 14080, México, DF, Mexico
| | - Iván Osnaya-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Ángeles-Castellanos
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Ruud M Buijs
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Anatomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF 04510, Mexico.
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30
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Satou R, Sato M, Kimura M, Ishizuka Y, Tazaki M, Sugihara N, Shibukawa Y. Temporal Expression Patterns of Clock Genes and Aquaporin 5/Anoctamin 1 in Rat Submandibular Gland Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 8:320. [PMID: 28588500 PMCID: PMC5440558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are essential for health and regulate various physiological functions. These rhythms are regulated by a negative-feedback loop involving clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and peripheral tissues. The rate of secretion of salivary substances, ions, and water follows a circadian rhythm, however, the relationship between the molecular mechanism of salivary secretion and peripheral circadian rhythm is not yet clear. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1, also known as TMEM16A) and Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) play an important role in the transport of ions and water in the submandibular glands (SGs). We examined the interaction between the rhythmic expression pattern of the clock genes, Ano1 and Aqp5, in rat whole SGs as well as isolated acinar and ductal cells. Circadian rhythmic expression for Bmal1, Per1, Per2, Clock, Cry1, Cry2, Rorα, and Rev-erbα mRNAs, also called the clock genes, was observed in rat SGs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis. We also observed rhythmic patterns in Ano1 and Aqp5 mRNA expression. The expression of ANO1 protein also showed circadian rhythm, as confirmed by western blot analysis. We could not observe any time delay between the peak expression of ANO1 protein and its mRNA. Expression levels of the clock gene mRNAs in the ductal cells was higher than that in acinar cells, however, rhythmic oscillations were observed in both. Our results suggest that SGs have peripheral clocks, and rhythmic expressions of Ano1 and Aqp5 along with the clock genes, may play an important role in the circadian regulation of salivary secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Satou
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan
| | - Maki Kimura
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ishizuka
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Sugihara
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Tokyo Dental CollegeTokyo, Japan
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31
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Chung S, Lee EJ, Cha HK, Kim J, Kim D, Son GH, Kim K. Cooperative roles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus central clock and the adrenal clock in controlling circadian glucocorticoid rhythm. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46404. [PMID: 28401917 PMCID: PMC5388859 DOI: 10.1038/srep46404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system consists of the central clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and subsidiary peripheral clocks in other tissues. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are adrenal steroid hormones with widespread physiological effects that undergo daily oscillations. We previously demonstrated that the adrenal peripheral clock plays a pivotal role in circadian GC rhythm by driving cyclic GC biosynthesis. Here, we show that the daily rhythm in circulating GC levels is controlled by bimodal actions of central and adrenal clockwork. When mice were subjected to daytime restricted feeding to uncouple central and peripheral rhythms, adrenal GC contents and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression peaked around zeitgeber time 00 (ZT00), consistent with shifted adrenal clock gene expression. However, restricted feeding produced two distinct peaks in plasma GC levels: one related to adrenal GC content and the other around ZT12, which required an intact SCN. Light pulse-evoked activation of the SCN increased circulating GC levels in both wild-type and adrenal clock-disrupted mutant mice without marked induction of GC biosynthesis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that adrenal clock-dependent steroidogenesis and a SCN-driven central mechanism regulating GC release cooperate to produce daily circulatory GC rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooyoung Chung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Scranton College, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jeong Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science &Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Kyeong Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeongah Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science &Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science &Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Gi Hoon Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungjin Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Institute of Science &Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea.,Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
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32
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Gnocchi D, Bruscalupi G. Circadian Rhythms and Hormonal Homeostasis: Pathophysiological Implications. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:biology6010010. [PMID: 28165421 PMCID: PMC5372003 DOI: 10.3390/biology6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, a deeper comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that control biological clocks and circadian rhythms has been achieved. In fact, many studies have contributed to unravelling the importance of the molecular clock for the regulation of our physiology, including hormonal and metabolic homeostasis. Here we will review the structure, organisation and molecular machinery that make our circadian clock work, and its relevance for the proper functioning of physiological processes. We will also describe the interconnections between circadian rhythms and endocrine homeostasis, as well as the underlying consequences that circadian dysregulations might have in the development of several pathologic affections. Finally, we will discuss how a better knowledge of such relationships might prove helpful in designing new therapeutic approaches for endocrine and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Gnocchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 14186, Sweden.
| | - Giovannella Bruscalupi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy.
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33
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Oster H, Challet E, Ott V, Arvat E, de Kloet ER, Dijk DJ, Lightman S, Vgontzas A, Van Cauter E. The Functional and Clinical Significance of the 24-Hour Rhythm of Circulating Glucocorticoids. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:3-45. [PMID: 27749086 PMCID: PMC5563520 DOI: 10.1210/er.2015-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal glucocorticoids are major modulators of multiple functions, including energy metabolism, stress responses, immunity, and cognition. The endogenous secretion of glucocorticoids is normally characterized by a prominent and robust circadian (around 24 hours) oscillation, with a daily peak around the time of the habitual sleep-wake transition and minimal levels in the evening and early part of the night. It has long been recognized that this 24-hour rhythm partly reflects the activity of a master circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the past decade, secondary circadian clocks based on the same molecular machinery as the central master pacemaker were found in other brain areas as well as in most peripheral tissues, including the adrenal glands. Evidence is rapidly accumulating to indicate that misalignment between central and peripheral clocks has a host of adverse effects. The robust rhythm in circulating glucocorticoid levels has been recognized as a major internal synchronizer of the circadian system. The present review examines the scientific foundation of these novel advances and their implications for health and disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Oster
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Etienne Challet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Volker Ott
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Emanuela Arvat
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - E Ronald de Kloet
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Alexandros Vgontzas
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Eve Van Cauter
- Medical Department I (H.O., V.O.), University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience (E.C.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UPR 3212, University of Strasbourg, 67084 Strasbourg, France; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism (E.A.), Department of Internal Medicine, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease (E.R.d.K.), Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; Surrey Sleep Research Center (D.-J.D.), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XP, United Kingdom; Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology (S.L.), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, United Kingdom; Sleep Research and Treatment Center (A.V.), Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; and Sleep, Metabolism, and Health Center (E.V.C.), Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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34
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Age-related circadian disorganization caused by sympathetic dysfunction in peripheral clock regulation. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2017; 3:16030. [PMID: 28721279 PMCID: PMC5515066 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the circadian clock to adapt to environmental changes is critical for maintaining homeostasis, preventing disease, and limiting the detrimental effects of aging. To date, little is known about age-related changes in the entrainment of peripheral clocks to external cues. We therefore evaluated the ability of the peripheral clocks of the kidney, liver, and submandibular gland to be entrained by external stimuli including light, food, stress, and exercise in young versus aged mice using in vivo bioluminescence monitoring. Despite a decline in locomotor activity, peripheral clocks in aged mice exhibited normal oscillation amplitudes under light–dark, constant darkness, and simulated jet lag conditions, with some abnormal phase alterations. However, age-related impairments were observed in peripheral clock entrainment to stress and exercise stimuli. Conversely, age-related enhancements were observed in peripheral clock entrainment to food stimuli and in the display of food anticipatory behaviors. Finally, we evaluated the hypothesis that deficits in sympathetic input from the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus were in part responsible for age-related differences in the entrainment. Aged animals showed an attenuated entrainment response to noradrenergic stimulation as well as decreased adrenergic receptor mRNA expression in target peripheral organs. Taken together, the present findings indicate that age-related circadian disorganization in entrainment to light, stress, and exercise is due to sympathetic dysfunctions in peripheral organs, while meal timing produces effective entrainment of aged peripheral circadian clocks.
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Atger F, Mauvoisin D, Weger B, Gobet C, Gachon F. Regulation of Mammalian Physiology by Interconnected Circadian and Feeding Rhythms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:42. [PMID: 28337174 PMCID: PMC5340782 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are endogenous timekeeping systems that adapt in an anticipatory fashion the physiology and behavior of most living organisms. In mammals, the master pacemaker resides in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and entrains peripheral clocks using a wide range of signals that differentially schedule physiology and gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. The peripheral clocks, such as those found in the liver, are particularly sensitive to rhythmic external cues like feeding behavior, which modulate the phase and amplitude of rhythmic gene expression. Consequently, the liver clock temporally tunes the expression of many genes involved in metabolism and physiology. However, the circadian modulation of cellular functions also relies on multiple layers of posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation. Strikingly, these additional regulatory events may happen independently of any transcriptional oscillations, showing that complex regulatory networks ultimately drive circadian output functions. These rhythmic events also integrate feeding-related cues and adapt various metabolic processes to food availability schedules. The importance of such temporal regulation of metabolism is illustrated by metabolic dysfunctions and diseases resulting from circadian clock disruption or inappropriate feeding patterns. Therefore, the study of circadian clocks and rhythmic feeding behavior should be of interest to further advance our understanding of the prevention and therapy of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Atger
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Mauvoisin
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Weger
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Gobet
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Diabetes and Circadian Rhythms, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Frédéric Gachon,
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Abstract
The biological clocks of the circadian timing system coordinate cellular and physiological processes and synchronizes these with daily cycles, feeding patterns also regulates circadian clocks. The clock genes and adipocytokines show circadian rhythmicity. Dysfunction of these genes are involved in the alteration of these adipokines during the development of obesity. Food availability promotes the stimuli associated with food intake which is a circadian oscillator outside of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Its circadian rhythm is arranged with the predictable daily mealtimes. Food anticipatory activity is mediated by a self-sustained circadian timing and its principal component is food entrained oscillator. However, the hypothalamus has a crucial role in the regulation of energy balance rather than food intake. Fatty acids or their metabolites can modulate neuronal activity by brain nutrient-sensing neurons involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. The timing of three-meal schedules indicates close association with the plasma levels of insulin and preceding food availability. Desynchronization between the central and peripheral clocks by altered timing of food intake and diet composition can lead to uncoupling of peripheral clocks from the central pacemaker and to the development of metabolic disorders. Metabolic dysfunction is associated with circadian disturbances at both central and peripheral levels and, eventual disruption of circadian clock functioning can lead to obesity. While CLOCK expression levels are increased with high fat diet-induced obesity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha increases the transcriptional level of brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (BMAL1) in obese subjects. Consequently, disruption of clock genes results in dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and obesity. Modifying the time of feeding alone can greatly affect body weight. Changes in the circadian clock are associated with temporal alterations in feeding behavior and increased weight gain. Thus, shift work is associated with increased risk for obesity, diabetes and cardio-vascular diseases as a result of unusual eating time and disruption of circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atilla Engin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey.
- , Mustafa Kemal Mah. 2137. Sok. 8/14, 06520, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey.
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Su Y, Cailotto C, Foppen E, Jansen R, Zhang Z, Buijs R, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A. The role of feeding rhythm, adrenal hormones and neuronal inputs in synchronizing daily clock gene rhythms in the liver. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 422:125-131. [PMID: 26704081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The master clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is assumed to distribute rhythmic information to the periphery via neural, humoral and/or behavioral connections. Until now, feeding, corticosterone and neural inputs are considered important signals for synchronizing daily rhythms in the liver. In this study, we investigated the necessity of neural inputs as well as of the feeding and adrenal hormone rhythms for maintaining daily hepatic clock gene rhythms. Clock genes kept their daily rhythm when only one of these three signals was disrupted, or when we disrupted hepatic neuronal inputs together with the adrenal hormone rhythm or with the daily feeding rhythm. However, all clock genes studied lost their daily expression rhythm after simultaneous disruption of the feeding and adrenal hormone rhythm. These data indicate that either a daily rhythm of feeding or adrenal hormones should be present to synchronize clock gene rhythms in the liver with the SCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cathy Cailotto
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remi Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Buijs
- Departamento de Biologia Celulary Fisiologia, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gubin DG, Weinert D. Temporal order deterioration and circadian disruption with age 1. Central and peripheral mechanisms. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057015040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Su Y, Foppen E, Zhang Z, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A. Effects of 6-meals-a-day feeding and 6-meals-a-day feeding combined with adrenalectomy on daily gene expression rhythms in rat epididymal white adipose tissue. Genes Cells 2015; 21:6-24. [DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Su
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience; Meibergdreef 47 1105 BA Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience; Meibergdreef 47 1105 BA Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism; Academic Medical Center (AMC); University of Amsterdam; Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Hamaguchi Y, Tahara Y, Hitosugi M, Shibata S. Impairment of Circadian Rhythms in Peripheral Clocks by Constant Light Is Partially Reversed by Scheduled Feeding or Exercise. J Biol Rhythms 2015; 30:533-42. [DOI: 10.1177/0748730415609727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, circadian rhythms in peripheral organs are impaired when animals are maintained in abnormal environmental light-dark cycles such as constant light (LL). This conclusion is based on averaged data from groups of experimental animals sacrificed at each time point. To investigate the effect of LL housing on the peripheral clocks of individual mice, an in vivo imaging system was used to observe the circadian bioluminescence rhythm in peripheral tissues of the liver, kidney, and submandibular salivary gland in PER2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice. Using this technique, we demonstrated that the majority of individual peripheral tissues still had rhythmic oscillations of their circadian clocks in LL conditions. However, LL housing caused decreased amplitudes and a broad distribution of peak phases in PER2::LUCIFERASE oscillations irrespective of the state of the animals’ behavioral rhythmicity. Because both scheduled feeding and scheduled exercise are effective recovery stimuli for circadian clock deficits, we examined whether scheduled feeding or scheduled exercise could reverse this impairment. The results showed that scheduled feeding or exercise could not restore the amplitude of peripheral clocks in LL. On the other hand, the LL-induced broad phase distribution was reversed, and peak phases were entrained to a specific time point by scheduled feeding but only slightly by scheduled exercise. The present results demonstrate that LL housing impairs peripheral circadian clock oscillations by altering both amplitude and phase in individual mice. The broad distribution of clock phases was clearly reversed by scheduled feeding, suggesting the importance of scheduled feeding as an entraining stimulus for impaired peripheral clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Hamaguchi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Tahara
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Hitosugi
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Grosbellet E, Dumont S, Schuster-Klein C, Guardiola-Lemaitre B, Pevet P, Criscuolo F, Challet E. Leptin modulates the daily rhythmicity of blood glucose. Chronobiol Int 2015; 32:637-49. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2015.1035440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Coomans CP, Ramkisoensing A, Meijer JH. The suprachiasmatic nuclei as a seasonal clock. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 37:29-42. [PMID: 25451984 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a central clock that synchronizes daily (i.e., 24-h) rhythms in physiology and behavior. SCN neurons are cell-autonomous oscillators that act synchronously to produce a coherent circadian rhythm. In addition, the SCN helps regulate seasonal rhythmicity. Photic information is perceived by the SCN and transmitted to the pineal gland, where it regulates melatonin production. Within the SCN, adaptations to changing photoperiod are reflected in changes in neurotransmitters and clock gene expression, resulting in waveform changes in rhythmic electrical activity, a major output of the SCN. Efferent pathways regulate the seasonal timing of breeding and hibernation. In humans, seasonal physiology and behavioral rhythms are also present, and the human SCN has seasonally rhythmic neurotransmitter levels and morphology. In summary, the SCN perceives and encodes changes in day length and drives seasonal changes in downstream pathways and structures in order to adapt to the changing seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia P Coomans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ashna Ramkisoensing
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Chakir I, Dumont S, Pévet P, Ouarour A, Challet E, Vuillez P. The circadian gene Clock oscillates in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the diurnal rodent Barbary striped grass mouse, Lemniscomys barbarus: a general feature of diurnality? Brain Res 2014; 1594:165-72. [PMID: 25449886 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge in the field of circadian rhythms is to understand the neural mechanisms controlling the oppositely phased temporal organization of physiology and behaviour between night- and day-active animals. Most identified components of the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), called circadian genes, display similar oscillations according to the time of day, independent of the temporal niche. This has led to the predominant view that the switch between night- and day-active animals occurs downstream of the master clock, likely also involving differential feedback of behavioral cues onto the SCN. The Barbary striped grass mouse, Lemniscomys barbarus is known as a day-active Muridae. Here we show that this rodent, when housed in constant darkness, displays a temporal rhythmicity of metabolism matching its diurnal behaviour (i.e., high levels of plasma leptin and hepatic glycogen during subjective midday and dusk, respectively). Regarding clockwork in their SCN, these mice show peaks in the mRNA profiles of the circadian gene Period1 (Per1) and the clock-controlled gene Vasopressin (Avp), which occur during the middle and late subjective day, respectively, in accordance with many observations in both diurnal and nocturnal species. Strikingly, expression of the circadian gene Clock in the SCN of the Barbary striped grass mouse was not constitutive as in nocturnal rodents, but it was rhythmic. As this is also the case for the other diurnal species investigated in the literature (sheep, marmoset, and quail), a hypothesis is that the transcriptional control of Clock within the SCN participates in the mechanisms underlying diurnality and nocturnality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtissam Chakir
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, BP2121, Tetouan 93002, Morocco; Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Dumont
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ali Ouarour
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Biology and Health, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, BP2121, Tetouan 93002, Morocco
| | - Etienne Challet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Vuillez
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks Team, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, CNRS and University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Ikeda Y, Sasaki H, Ohtsu T, Shiraishi T, Tahara Y, Shibata S. Feeding and adrenal entrainment stimuli are both necessary for normal circadian oscillation of peripheral clocks in mice housed under different photoperiods. Chronobiol Int 2014; 32:195-210. [PMID: 25286135 DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2014.962655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian rhythm is entrained by multiple factors, including the light-dark cycle, the organism's feeding pattern and endocrine hormones such as glucocorticoids. Both a central clock (the suprachiasmatic nucleus, or SCN) and peripheral clocks (i.e. in the liver and lungs) in mice are entrained by photoperiod. However, the factors underlying entrainment signals from the SCN to peripheral clocks are not well known. To elucidate the role of entrainment factors such as corticosterone and feeding, we examined whether peripheral clock rhythms were impaired by adrenalectomy (ADX) and/or feeding of 6 meals per day at equal intervals under short-day, medium-day and long-day photoperiods (SP, MP and LP, respectively). We evaluated the waveform and phase of circadian rhythms in the liver, kidney and salivary gland by in vivo imaging of PER2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice. In intact mice, the waveforms of the peripheral clocks were similar among all photoperiods. The phases of peripheral clocks were well adjusted by the timing of the "lights-off"-operated evening (E) oscillator but not the "lights-on"-operated morning (M) oscillator. ADX had almost no effect on the rhythmicity and phase of peripheral clocks, regardless of photoperiod. To reduce the feeding-induced signal, we placed mice on a restricted feeding regimen with 6 meals per day (6 meals RF). This caused advances of the peripheral clock phase in LP-housed mice (2-5 h) and MP-housed mice (1-2 h) but not SP-housed mice. Thus, feeding pattern may affect the phase of peripheral clocks, depending on photoperiod. More specifically, ADX + 6 meals RF mice showed impairment of circadian rhythms in the kidney and liver but not in the salivary gland, regardless of photoperiod. However, the impairment of peripheral clocks observed in ADX + 6 meals RF mice was reversed by administration of dexamethasone for 3 days. The phase differences in the salivary gland clock among SP-, MP- and LP-housed mice became very small following treatment with ADX + 6 meals RF, suggesting that the effect of photoperiod was reduced by ADX and 6 meals RF. Because the SCN rhythm (as evaluated by PER2 immunohistochemistry) was not disrupted by ADX + 6 meals RF, impairment of peripheral clocks in these mice was not because of impaired SCN clock function. In addition, locomotor activity rhythm and modifications of the feeding pattern may not be completely responsible for determining the phase of peripheral clocks. Thus, this study demonstrates that the phase of peripheral clocks responds to a photoperiodic lights-off signal, and suggests that signals from normal feeding patterns and the adrenal gland are necessary to maintain the oscillation and phase of peripheral clocks under various photoperiods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ikeda
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University , Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan
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Karthi S, Shivakumar MS. Circadian clock gene is involved in the photoperiodic response of theSpodoptera lituraadults. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2014.905347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Urlep Z, Rozman D. The Interplay between Circadian System, Cholesterol Synthesis, and Steroidogenesis Affects Various Aspects of Female Reproduction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2013; 4:111. [PMID: 24065951 PMCID: PMC3778439 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian aspect of reproduction has gained much attention in recent years. In mammals, it is very important that the timing of greatest sexual motivation is in line with the highest fertility. Peripheral clocks have been found to reside also in reproductive organs, such as the uterus and ovary. The timing signal from the suprachiasmatic nucleus is suggested to be transmitted via hormonal and neural mechanisms, and could thus mediate circadian expression of target genes in these organs. In turn, estrogens from the ovary have been found to signal back to the hypothalamus, completing the feedback loop. In this review we will focus on the interplay between clock and estrogens. Estradiol has been directly linked with expression of Per1 and Per2 in the uterus. CLOCK, on the other hand, has been shown to alter estradiol signaling. We also present the idea that cholesterol could play a vital role in the regulation of reproduction. Cholesterol synthesis itself is circadially regulated and has been found to interfere with steroidogenesis in the ovary on the molecular level. This review presents a systems view on how the interplay between circadian clock, steroidogenesis, and cholesterol synthesis affect various aspects of mammalian reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziga Urlep
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Damjana Rozman, Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloska 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia e-mail:
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Chu A, Zhu L, Blum ID, Mai O, Leliavski A, Fahrenkrug J, Oster H, Boehm U, Storch KF. Global but not gonadotrope-specific disruption of Bmal1 abolishes the luteinizing hormone surge without affecting ovulation. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2924-35. [PMID: 23736292 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although there is evidence for a circadian regulation of the preovulatory LH surge, the contributions of individual tissue clocks to this process remain unclear. We studied female mice deficient in the Bmal1 gene (Bmal1(-/-)), which is essential for circadian clock function, and found that they lack the proestrous LH surge. However, spontaneous ovulation on the day of estrus was unaffected in these animals. Bmal1(-/-) females were also deficient in the proestrous FSH surge, which, like the LH surge, is GnRH-dependent. In the absence of circadian or external timing cues, Bmal1(-/-) females continued to cycle in constant darkness albeit with increased cycle length and time spent in estrus. Because pituitary gonadotropes are the source of circulating LH and FSH, we assessed hypophyseal circadian clock function and found that female pituitaries rhythmically express clock components throughout all cycle stages. To determine the role of the gonadotrope clock in the preovulatory LH and FSH surge process, we generated mice that specifically lack BMAL1 in gonadotropes (GBmal1KO). GBmal1KO females exhibited a modest elevation in both proestrous and baseline LH levels across all estrous stages. BMAL1 elimination from gonadotropes also led to increased variability in estrous cycle length, yet GBmal1KO animals were otherwise reproductively normal. Together our data suggest that the intrinsic clock in gonadotropes is dispensable for LH surge regulation but contributes to estrous cycle robustness. Thus, clocks in the suprachiasmatic nucleus or elsewhere must be involved in the generation of the LH surge, which, surprisingly, is not required for spontaneous ovulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Chu
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
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Saini C, Liani A, Curie T, Gos P, Kreppel F, Emmenegger Y, Bonacina L, Wolf JP, Poget YA, Franken P, Schibler U. Real-time recording of circadian liver gene expression in freely moving mice reveals the phase-setting behavior of hepatocyte clocks. Genes Dev 2013; 27:1526-36. [PMID: 23824542 PMCID: PMC3713432 DOI: 10.1101/gad.221374.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian timing system consists of a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus, which is thought to set the phase of slave oscillators in virtually all body cells. However, due to the lack of appropriate in vivo recording technologies, it has been difficult to study how the SCN synchronizes oscillators in peripheral tissues. Here we describe the real-time recording of bioluminescence emitted by hepatocytes expressing circadian luciferase reporter genes in freely moving mice. The technology employs a device dubbed RT-Biolumicorder, which consists of a cylindrical cage with reflecting conical walls that channel photons toward a photomultiplier tube. The monitoring of circadian liver gene expression revealed that hepatocyte oscillators of SCN-lesioned mice synchronized more rapidly to feeding cycles than hepatocyte clocks of intact mice. Hence, the SCN uses signaling pathways that counteract those of feeding rhythms when their phase is in conflict with its own phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Saini
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - André Liani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Curie
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Gos
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Kreppel
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Yann Emmenegger
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Bonacina
- GAP-Biophotonics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- GAP-Biophotonics, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves-Alain Poget
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ueli Schibler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- National Centre of Competence in Research Frontiers in Genetics, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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49
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Arul D, Subramanian P. Circadian rhythms of plasma lipid and protein levels in daytime food-restricted rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2013.785696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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50
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Menaker M, Murphy ZC, Sellix MT. Central control of peripheral circadian oscillators. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:741-6. [PMID: 23537900 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and at least two other unidentified central pacemakers regulate the temporal structure of a circadian network that involves almost every organ in the body. Phase control is central to the efficient function of this system. Individual circadian oscillators in tissues and organs in the periphery bear adaptive phase relationships to the external light cycle, the central pacemakers and to each other. The known signals that regulate and maintain these phase relationships come from the autonomic nervous system, the pineal and adrenal glands, behavioral cycles of feeding and activity and the rhythm of body temperature. It is likely that there are many unknown signals as well. Disrupting the network can produce severe pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Menaker
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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