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Kunimura K, Nakamoto M, Ushijima M. S-1-Propenylcysteine enhances endurance capacity of mice by stimulating fatty acid metabolism via muscle isoform of carnitine acyltransferase-1. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00408-5. [PMID: 39053609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance is an important capacity to sustain healthy lifestyles. Aged garlic extract (AGE) has been reported to exert endurance-enhancing effect in the clinical and animal studies, though little is known of its active ingredients and mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE The current study investigated the potential effect of S-1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur amino acid in AGE, on the swimming endurance of mice and examined its mechanism of action by a metabolomics-based approach. METHODS Male ICR mice (6 weeks old) were orally administered water (control) or S1PC (6.5 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks and swimming duration to exhaustion was measured at 24 hours after the last administration. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis was conducted on the plasma samples obtained from mice following 40-minute submaximal swimming bouts. Subsequently, the enzyme activity of carnitine acyltransferase-1 (CPT-1) and the content of malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA), acetyl-CoA and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were quantified in heart, skeletal muscles and liver of mice. RESULTS The duration time of swimming was substantially increased in the S1PC-treated mice as compared to the control group. Metabolomic analysis revealed significant alterations in the plasma level of the metabolites involved in the fatty acid metabolism, in particular medium- or long-chain acylcarnitines in the mice treated with S1PC. Moreover, administration of S1PC significantly enhanced the CPT-1 activity with the concomitant decrease in the malonyl-CoA content in the heart and skeletal muscles. These effects of S1PC were accompanied by the elevation of the acetyl-CoA and ATP levels to enhance the energy production in those tissues. CONCLUSION S1PC is a key constituent responsible for the endurance-enhancing effect of AGE. The present study suggests that S1PC helps provide the energy during the endurance exercise by increasing fatty acid metabolism via CPT-1 activation in the heart and skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Kunimura
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Masato Nakamoto
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan
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Hasumura T, Kinoshita K, Minegishi Y, Ota N. Combination of tea catechins and ornithine effectively activates the urea cycle: an in vitro and human pilot study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:827-836. [PMID: 37707596 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accumulation of ammonia causes central and peripheral fatigue. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effect of tea catechins and low-dose ornithine in activating the urea cycle to reduce blood ammonia levels during exercise. METHODS We used hepatocyte-like cells derived from human-induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells to assess the effect of tea catechins combined with ornithine on urea cycle activity. The urea production and expression of key genes involved in the metabolism of urea were investigated. We then examined the synergistic improvement in ammonia metabolism by tea catechins in combination with ornithine in a human pilot study. RESULTS Tea catechins combined with ornithine increased urea cycle activity in hepatocyte-like cells derived from human iPS cells. Intake of 538.6 mg of tea catechins with 1592 mg of ornithine for 2 consecutive days during exercise loading suppressed the exercise-induced increase in the blood ammonia concentration as well as stabilized blood glucose levels. CONCLUSION Controlling the levels of ammonia, a toxic waste produced in the body, is important in a variety of situations, including exercise. The present study suggests that a heterogeneous combination of polyphenols and amino acids efficiently suppresses elevated ammonia during exercise in humans by a mechanism that includes urea cycle activation. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry (No. UMIN000035484, dated January 8, 2019).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hasumura
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Health and Wellness Products Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Sumida, Tokyo, 131-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Haga-gun, Tochigi, 321-3497, Japan
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Wang Y, Tian Z, Li Z, Kim JC. Effects of Flavonoid Supplementation on Athletic Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2023; 15:4547. [PMID: 37960199 PMCID: PMC10647833 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, can prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS) and influence athletic performance through various physiological and metabolic mechanisms. However, there are conflicting results after summarizing and analyzing the relevant literature. Hence, it is warranted to evaluate the overall impact of flavonoids on athletic performance in healthy adults based on a comprehensive and systematic review and meta-analysis. After searching four databases for literature published since their respective establishments until February 2023 and conducting publication bias and quality assessments, a total of 22 studies were ultimately included. The names and doses of flavonoids, various outcome measurements, as well as types of training, were extracted from included studies. The athletic performance outcomes from the included studies were categorized into 'performance tests' and 'exercise tolerance,' depending on the type of training undertaken. Several statistical results, such as pooled effect size (ES), among others, were implemented by meta-analysis using the random effects model. The results of meta-analysis suggest that there is currently sufficient evidence (ES = -0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI): [-0.50, -0.07]; p = 0.01 and ES = 0.23; 95% CI: [0.07, 0.39]; p = 0.005) to support the notion that flavonoid supplementation enhanced athletic performance in performance tests and exercise tolerance. In addition, among the subgroups, nonsignificant results were observed for athletes (p = 0.28) and acute supplementation (p = 0.41) in performance tests, as well as athletes (p = 0.57) and acute supplementation (p = 0.44) in exercise tolerance. Meanwhile, significant results were found for non-athletes (p = 0.04) and long-term supplementation (p = 0.02) in performance tests, as well as non-athletes (p = 0.005) in performance tests and long-term supplementation (p = 0.006) in exercise tolerance. The nonsignificant results were likely due to the limitation in the number of related papers, sample sizes, optimal dosage, duration, type of flavonoids, and other factors. Therefore, future research should focus on further investigating these relationships with larger sample sizes, optimal dosage, duration, and type of flavonoids to provide more robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jae Cheol Kim
- Department of Sport Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea; wangying890922-@jbnu.ac.kr (Y.W.); (Z.T.); (Z.L.)
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Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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5
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Kaneko T, Miyata A, Takahata M. Anti-fatigue effect of OM-X, fermented plant extract with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacterial: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Limonium tetragonum Promotes Running Endurance in Mice through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Oxidative Fiber Formation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193904. [PMID: 36235564 PMCID: PMC9570989 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether Limonium tetragonum, cultivated in a smart-farming system with LED lamps, could increase exercise capacity in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were orally administered vehicle or Limonium tetragonum water extract (LTE), either 30 or 100 mg/kg, and were subjected to moderate intensity treadmill exercise for 4 weeks. Running distance markedly increased in the LTE group (100 mg/kg) by 80 ± 4% compared to the vehicle group, which was accompanied by a higher proportion of oxidative fibers (6 ± 6% vs. 10 ± 4%). Mitochondrial DNA content and gene expressions related to mitochondrial biogenesis were significantly increased in LTE-supplemented gastrocnemius muscles. At the molecular level, the expression of PGC-1α, a master regulator of fast-to-slow fiber-type transition, was increased downstream of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. LTE induction of the PKA/CREB signaling pathway was also observed in C2C12 cells, which was effectively suppressed by PKA inhibitors H89 and Rp-cAMP. Altogether, these findings indicate that LTE treatment enhanced endurance exercise capacity via an improvement in mitochondrial biosynthesis and the increases in the formation of oxidative slow-twitch fibers. Future study is warranted to validate the exercise-enhancing effect of LTE in the human.
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Imperatrice M, Cuijpers I, Troost FJ, Sthijns MMJPE. Hesperidin Functions as an Ergogenic Aid by Increasing Endothelial Function and Decreasing Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Thereby Contributing to Improved Exercise Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142955. [PMID: 35889917 PMCID: PMC9316530 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of blood flow to peripheral muscles is crucial for proper skeletal muscle functioning and exercise performance. During exercise, increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation leads to increased electron leakage and consequently induces an increase in ROS formation, contributing to DNA, lipid, and protein damage. Moreover, exercise may increase blood- and intramuscular inflammatory factors leading to a deterioration in endurance performance. The aim of this review is to investigate the potential mechanisms through which the polyphenol hesperidin could lead to enhanced exercise performance, namely improved endothelial function, reduced exercise-induced oxidative stress, and inflammation. We selected in vivo RCTs, animal studies, and in vitro studies in which hesperidin, its aglycone form hesperetin, hesperetin-metabolites, or orange juice are supplemented at any dosage and where the parameters related to endothelial function, oxidative stress, and/or inflammation have been measured. The results collected in this review show that hesperidin improves endothelial function (via increased NO availability), inhibits ROS production, decreases production and plasma levels of pro-inflammatory markers, and improves anaerobic exercise outcomes (e.g., power, speed, energy). For elite and recreational athletes, hesperidin could be used as an ergogenic aid to enhance muscle recovery between training sessions, optimize oxygen and nutrient supplies to the muscles, and improve anaerobic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Imperatrice
- BioActor BV, Gaetano Martinolaan 50, 6229 GS Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Iris Cuijpers
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Freddy J. Troost
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
| | - Mireille M. J. P. E. Sthijns
- Food Innovation and Health, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (F.J.T.); (M.M.J.P.E.S.)
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8
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Effect of Green Tea Powder on Physicochemical Properties and Glycemic Potential of Sponge Cake. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1065710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea powder (GTP) is rich in polyphenolic compounds, most particularly catechins. The effects of partial replacement of flour with GTP (10, 20, and 30%) on physicochemical properties, glycemic potential, and sensory attributes were investigated. Results showed a significant reduction in the moisture content, volume, and porosity of sample cakes with the increase in the GTP levels (
). The utilization of GTP led to a harder texture and also darker color of sponge cake. The study showed that sponge cakes with good sensory attributes can be produced by the replacement of flour with 10% of GTP. Moreover, the glycemic potential and free radical scavenging activity of sample cakes improved as the GTP replacement increased (
). GTP at 10% replacement level is recommended as it is very effective in improving the antioxidant properties, sensory attributes, and also glycemic potential.
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Munguía L, Ortiz M, González C, Portilla A, Meaney E, Villarreal F, Nájera N, Ceballos G. Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Food 2022; 25:465-486. [PMID: 35394826 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) is a highly dynamic tissue that responds to physiological adaptations or pathological conditions, and SkM mitochondria play a major role in bioenergetics, regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, and apoptosis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with the ability to modulate molecular pathways implicated in the development of mitochondrial myopathy. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore its potential application in conditions such as aging, disuse, denervation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. To evaluate preclinical and clinical effects of flavonoids on SkM structure and function. We performed a systematic review of published studies, with no date restrictions applied, using PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were used: "flavonoids" OR "flavanols" OR "flavones" OR "anthocyanidins" OR "flavanones" OR "flavan-3-ols" OR "catechins" OR "epicatechin" OR "(-)-epicatechin" AND "skeletal muscle." The studies included in this review were preclinical studies, clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and randomized-controlled trials that investigated the influence of flavonoids on SkM health. Three authors, independently, assessed trials for the review. Any disagreement was resolved by consensus. The use of flavonoids could be a potential tool for the prevention of muscle loss. Their effects on metabolism and on mitochondria function suggest their use as muscle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy Munguía
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Miguel Ortiz
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Cristian González
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Andrés Portilla
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
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10
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Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes' Performance and Recovery: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4652. [PMID: 35563043 PMCID: PMC9102074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, or at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria and cellular cytosol that lead to the generation of reactive species and free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful to human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems to be a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as the ability to suppress inflammatory processes, counteract oxidative damage, boost the immune system, and thus, reduce muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. Phenolic compounds have also already been shown to be effective in improving temporal performance and reducing psychological stress and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of dietary phenolics on physical performance and recovery in athletes and sports practitioners. Overall, the reports show that phenolics exert important benefits on exercise-induced muscle damage as well as play a biological/physiological role in improving physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Kim S, Kim K, Park J, Jun W. Curcuma longa L. Water Extract Enhances Endurance Exercise Capacity by Promoting Intramuscular Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Mice. J Med Food 2022; 25:138-145. [PMID: 35148192 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Curcuma longa L. extract on endurance exercise capacity (EEC). EEC is the ability to exercise continuously and recover quickly, even when tired. C. longa contains antioxidants that contribute beneficial effects on the body. We separated groups of nonexercise (CON), exercise control (Ex-CON), branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) intake, and C. longa water extract (CLW) intake (Ex-CLW). EEC increased on the 28th day of BCAA and CLW intake. Both treatment groups exhibited decreased lactate levels with increased levels of nonesterified fatty acids and muscular glycogen compared with the Ex-CON group. Also, the Ex-CLW group possessed higher intramuscular antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) than the Ex-CON group. The expression of PGC-1α, NRF, and Tfam, which are factors related to mitochondrial biogenesis, increased in the Ex-CLW group. Results suggest that CLW intake elevated EEC by increasing intramuscular mitochondrial biogenesis through suppressing the accumulation of fatigue substances and increasing fat consumption, and antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintae Kim
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- Department of Biofood Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic, Ganggyung, Korea
| | - Jeongjin Park
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea.,Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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An Overview on How Exercise with Green Tea Consumption Can Prevent the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Improve Sports Performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010218. [PMID: 35010479 PMCID: PMC8750450 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Free radicals are reactive products that have multiple effects on the human body. Endogenous and exogenous antioxidants manage the overproduction of free radicals. However, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant factors causes oxidative stress. Exercise and physical activity are factors that increase oxidative stress and disrupts the body’s homeostasis. Intensity and duration of training, training characteristics, and fitness level can have positive or negative effects on oxidative stress. Green tea consumption is recommended for the prevention of a variety of diseases, health maintenance, and weight loss. The effectiveness of green tea is primarily due to the presence of catechins and polyphenols, specifically (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties based on clinical and animal studies. This review investigates the effect of green tea exercise and their interactive effects on free radicals and sports improvement.
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Does Flavonoid Consumption Improve Exercise Performance? Is It Related to Changes in the Immune System and Inflammatory Biomarkers? A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies since 2005. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041132. [PMID: 33808153 PMCID: PMC8065858 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are attracting increasing attention due to their antioxidant, cardioprotective, and immunomodulatory properties. Nevertheless, little is known about their role in exercise performance in association with immune function. This systematic review firstly aimed to shed light on the ergogenic potential of flavonoids. A search strategy was run using SCOPUS database. The returned studies were screened by prespecified eligibility criteria, including intervention lasting at least one week and performance objectively quantified, among others. Fifty-one studies (54 articles) met the inclusion criteria, involving 1288 human subjects, either physically untrained or trained. Secondly, we aimed to associate these studies with the immune system status. Seventeen of the selected studies (18 articles) assessed changes in the immune system. The overall percentage of studies reporting an improved exercise performance following flavonoid supplementation was 37%, the proportion being 25% when considering quercetin, 28% for flavanol-enriched extracts, and 54% for anthocyanins-enriched extracts. From the studies reporting an enhanced performance, only two, using anthocyanin supplements, focused on the immune system and found certain anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids. These results suggest that flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, may exert beneficial effects for athletes’ performances, although further studies are encouraged to establish the optimal dosage and to clarify their impact on immune status.
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Roberts JD, Willmott AGB, Beasley L, Boal M, Davies R, Martin L, Chichger H, Gautam L, Del Coso J. The Impact of Decaffeinated Green Tea Extract on Fat Oxidation, Body Composition and Cardio-Metabolic Health in Overweight, Recreationally Active Individuals. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030764. [PMID: 33652910 PMCID: PMC7996723 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of decaffeinated green tea extract (dGTE), with or without antioxidant nutrients, on fat oxidation, body composition and cardio-metabolic health measures in overweight individuals engaged in regular exercise. Twenty-seven participants (20 females, 7 males; body mass: 77.5 ± 10.5 kg; body mass index: 27.4 ± 3.0 kg·m2; peak oxygen uptake (V.O2peak): 30.2 ± 5.8 mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned, in a double-blinded manner, either: dGTE (400 mg·d−1 (−)-epigallocatechin−3-gallate (EGCG), n = 9); a novel dGTE+ (400 mg·d−1 EGCG, quercetin (50 mg·d−1) and α-lipoic acid (LA, 150 mg·d−1), n = 9); or placebo (PL, n = 9) for 8 weeks, whilst maintaining standardised, aerobic exercise. Fat oxidation (‘FATMAX’ and steady state exercise protocols), body composition, cardio-metabolic and blood measures (serum glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, glycerol, free fatty acids, total cholesterol, high [HDL-c] and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-c], triglycerides, liver enzymes and bilirubin) were assessed at baseline, week 4 and 8. Following 8 weeks of dGTE+, maximal fat oxidation (MFO) significantly improved from 154.4 ± 20.6 to 224.6 ± 23.2 mg·min−1 (p = 0.009), along with a 22.5% increase in the exercise intensity at which fat oxidation was deemed negligible (FATMIN; 67.6 ± 3.6% V.O2peak, p = 0.003). Steady state exercise substrate utilisation also improved for dGTE+ only, with respiratory exchange ratio reducing from 0.94 ± 0.01 at week 4, to 0.89 ± 0.01 at week 8 (p = 0.004). This corresponded with a significant increase in the contribution of fat to energy expenditure for dGTE+ from 21.0 ± 4.1% at week 4, to 34.6 ± 4.7% at week 8 (p = 0.006). LDL-c was also lower (normalised fold change of −0.09 ± 0.06) for dGTE+ by week 8 (p = 0.038). No other significant effects were found in any group. Eight weeks of dGTE+ improved MFO and substrate utilisation during exercise, and lowered LDL-c. However, body composition and cardio-metabolic markers in healthy, overweight individuals who maintained regular physical activity were largely unaffected by dGTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D. Roberts
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (A.G.B.W.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-845-196-5154
| | - Ashley G. B. Willmott
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (A.G.B.W.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Liam Beasley
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Mariette Boal
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (A.G.B.W.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Rory Davies
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (A.G.B.W.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Laurence Martin
- Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Psychology and Sport Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (A.G.B.W.); (M.B.); (R.D.); (L.M.)
| | - Havovi Chichger
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (H.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Lata Gautam
- School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK; (H.C.); (L.G.)
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943, Fuenlabrada, Spain;
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15
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Impacts of Green Tea on Joint and Skeletal Muscle Health: Prospects of Translational Nutrition. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111050. [PMID: 33126483 PMCID: PMC7692648 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis and sarcopenia are two major joint and skeletal muscle diseases prevalent during aging. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial progressive degenerative and inflammatory disorder of articular cartilage. Cartilage protection and pain management are the two most important strategies in the management of osteoarthritis. Sarcopenia, a condition of loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated with impaired neuromuscular innervation, the transition of skeletal muscle fiber type, and reduced muscle regenerative capacity. Management of sarcopenia requires addressing both skeletal muscle quantity and quality. Emerging evidence suggests that green tea catechins play an important role in maintaining healthy joints and skeletal muscle. This review covers (i) the prevalence and etiology of osteoarthritis and sarcopenia, such as excessive inflammation and oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced autophagy; (ii) the effects of green tea catechins on joint health by downregulating inflammatory signaling mediators, upregulating anabolic mediators, and modulating miRNAs expression, resulting in reduced chondrocyte death, collagen degradation, and cartilage protection; (iii) the effects of green tea catechins on skeletal muscle health via maintaining a dynamic balance between protein synthesis and degradation and boosting the synthesis of mitochondrial energy metabolism, resulting in favorable muscle homeostasis and mitigation of muscle atrophy with aging; and (iv) the current study limitations and future research directions.
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16
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Wang L, Xu Z, Ling D, Li J, Wang Y, Shan T. The regulatory role of dietary factors in skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:764-782. [PMID: 33021403 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1828812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays a crucial role in motor function, respiration, and whole-body energy homeostasis. How to regulate the development and function of skeletal muscle has become a hot research topic for improving lifestyle and extending life span. Numerous transcription factors and nutritional factors have been clarified are closely associated with the regulation of skeletal muscle development, regeneration and function. In this article, the roles of different dietary factors including green tea, quercetin, curcumin (CUR), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and resveratrol (RES) in regulating skeletal muscle development, muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle recovery have been summarized and discussed. We also reviewed the potential regulatory molecular mechanism of these factors. Based on the current findings, dietary factors may be used as a potential therapeutic agent to treat skeletal muscle dysfunction as well as its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Tanaka M, Kanazashi M, Kondo H, Ishihara A, Fujino H. Licorice flavonoid oil supplementation promotes a reduction of visceral fat in exercised rats. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 61:480-488. [PMID: 33000933 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial effect of exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation on visceral fat was investigated. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: control, exercise (Ex), control with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation (LFO), and exercise with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation (ExLFO) groups. The rats in the Ex and ExLFO groups ran on a treadmill (20-degree incline at 20 m/min for 30 min/day) 5 times a week for 7 weeks, and those in the LFO and ExLFO groups were orally administered with licorice flavonoid oil daily using a feeding needle. RESULTS Exercise or licorice flavonoid oil supplementation resulted in the reduction of the visceral fat mass and adipocyte size, respectively. In addition, exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation more effectively decreased both measures. Exercise alone increased the β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (β-HAD) and citrate synthase (CS) activities in the soleus and plantaris muscles, and licorice flavonoid oil supplementation alone increased the hepatic carnitine palmitoyl transferase-2 (CPT-2) activity. Furthermore, the combination of exercise and licorice flavonoid oil supplementation enhanced the both muscular β-HAD and CS activities, and hepatic CPT-2 activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that exercise combined with licorice flavonoid oil supplementation may be effective to decrease visceral adipose tissue via enhancing skeletomuscular and hepatic fatty acids oxidative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama Healthcare Professional University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Miho Kanazashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Mihara, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Kondo
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Nagoya Women's University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishihara
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Life Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidemi Fujino
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan -
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18
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Rothschild JA, Bishop DJ. Effects of Dietary Supplements on Adaptations to Endurance Training. Sports Med 2020; 50:25-53. [PMID: 31531769 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endurance training leads to a variety of adaptations at the cellular and systemic levels that serve to minimise disruptions in whole-body homeostasis caused by exercise. These adaptations are differentially affected by training volume, training intensity, and training status, as well as by nutritional choices that can enhance or impair the response to training. A variety of supplements have been studied in the context of acute performance enhancement, but the effects of continued supplementation concurrent to endurance training programs are less well characterised. For example, supplements such as sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine can improve endurance performance and possibly training adaptations during endurance training by affecting buffering capacity and/or allowing an increased training intensity, while antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E may impair training adaptations by blunting cellular signalling but appear to have little effect on performance outcomes. Additionally, limited data suggest the potential for dietary nitrate (in the form of beetroot juice), creatine, and possibly caffeine, to further enhance endurance training adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this review is to examine the impact of dietary supplements on metabolic and physiological adaptations to endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Rothschild
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. .,TriFit Performance Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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19
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Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Parker L, Wadley GD. Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101471. [PMID: 32127289 PMCID: PMC7284926 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving performance. There are numerous commercially available nutritional supplements that are targeted to athletes and health enthusiasts that allegedly possess antioxidant properties. However, most of these compounds are poorly investigated with respect to their in vivo redox activity and efficacy in humans. Therefore, this review will firstly provide a background to endurance exercise-related redox signalling and the subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle and vascular function. The review will then discuss commonly available compounds with purported antioxidant effects for use by athletes. N-acetyl cysteine may be of benefit over the days prior to an endurance event; while chronic intake of combined 1000 mg vitamin C + vitamin E is not recommended during periods of heavy training associated with adaptations in skeletal muscle. Melatonin, vitamin E and α-lipoic acid appear effective at decreasing markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, evidence on their effects on endurance performance are either lacking or not supportive. Catechins, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C may improve vascular function, however, evidence is either limited to specific sub-populations and/or does not translate to improved performance. Finally, additional research should clarify the potential benefits of curcumin in improving muscle recovery post intensive exercise; and the potential hampering effects of astaxanthin, selenium and vitamin A on skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training. Overall, we highlight the lack of supportive evidence for most antioxidant compounds to recommend to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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20
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Meng J, Lv Z, Sun C, Qiao X, Chen C. An extract of Lycium barbarum mimics exercise to improve muscle endurance through increasing type IIa oxidative muscle fibers by activating ERRγ. FASEB J 2020; 34:11460-11473. [PMID: 33411401 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000136r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum berry (gouqi, Goji, goji berry, or wolfberry), a traditional medicine and functional food, has a wide range of biological effects, including immuno-modulation, anti-aging, antitumor, neuro-protection, and hepato-protection. However, thus far, little is known about the traditional effects of L. barbarum on strengthening muscles. Therefore, this study focused on the effects of an extract of L. barbarum on skeletal muscles. First, the extract of L. barbarum significantly increased the mass of the tibial anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle and improved the average running distance of mice. Then, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the extract enhanced muscle endurance by increasing the proportion of type IIa oxidative muscle fibers and aerobic respiration. In an in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of these effects, we found that the extract upregulated the proportion of type IIa oxidative muscle fibers by activating ERRγ and that the PKA-CREB signaling pathway was involved in its activation. This study is the first to show that L. barbarum extract modulates skeletal muscle remodeling and has mimetic effects on skeletal muscles in a manner similar to exercise. It provides a scientific explanation based on modern biological technologies and concepts for the traditional function of L. barbarum in improving muscle fitness. This study lays a theoretical foundation for the application of L. barbarum in skeletal muscles as an exercise mimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Meng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Lv
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Qiao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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21
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Involvement of ammonia metabolism in the improvement of endurance performance by tea catechins in mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6065. [PMID: 32269254 PMCID: PMC7142105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood ammonia increases during exercise, and it has been suggested that this increase is both a central and peripheral fatigue factor. Although green tea catechins (GTCs) are known to improve exercise endurance by enhancing lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, little is known about the relationship between ammonia metabolism and the endurance-improving effect of GTCs. Here, we examined how ammonia affects endurance capacity and how GTCs affect ammonia metabolism in vivo in mice and how GTCs affect mouse skeletal muscle and liver in vitro. In mice, blood ammonia concentration was significantly negatively correlated with exercise endurance capacity, and hyperammonaemia was found to decrease whole-body fat expenditure and fatty acid oxidation–related gene expression in skeletal muscle. Repeated ingestion of GTCs combined with regular exercise training improved endurance capacity and the expression of urea cycle–related genes in liver. In C2C12 myotubes, hyperammonaemia suppressed mitochondrial respiration; however, pre-incubation with GTCs rescued this suppression. Together, our results demonstrate that hyperammonaemia decreases both mitochondrial respiration in myotubes and whole-body aerobic metabolism. Thus, GTC-mediated increases in ammonia metabolism in liver and resistance to ammonia-induced suppression of mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle may underlie the endurance-improving effect of GTCs.
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22
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Zhou J, Tang L, Shen CL, Wang JS. Green tea polyphenols boost gut-microbiota-dependent mitochondrial TCA and urea cycles in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 81:108395. [PMID: 32388254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) were found to boost mammal energy conversion by modulating gut-microbial community structure, gene orthologs and metabolic pathways. Here we examined the metabolites present in the gut-microbiota-dependent mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and urea cycle using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-heated electrospray ionization (HESI)-tandem liquid chromatogram mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Six groups (n=12) of Sprague-Dawley rats (6-mo, ~250 g) were administered with water containing 0%, 0.5%, and 1.5% GTPs (wt/vol or g/dL). Gut-content samples were collected at 3- and 6-mo. Untargeted metabolomics detected 2177 features, with 91 features demonstrating significant dose- and time-dependencies on the GTPs treatment. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed remarkable changes of 39 metabolites in the mitochondrial TCA cycle and urea cycle, including argininosuccunic acid (0.9-fold vs control), dihydrouracil (1.14-fold vs control), fumaric acid (1.19-fold vs control), malic acid (2.17-fold vs control), citrulline (1.86-fold vs control), and succinic acid (0.4-fold vs control). The untargeted metabolomics data were mined using bioinformatics approaches, such as analysis of variance-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA), enrichment pathway analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway mapping analysis. The results of 16S rRNA survey, metagenomics analysis, and metabolomics analysis were extrapolated and integrated using databases of Integrated Microbial Genomes and Microbiomes (IMG/M) and KEGG. Our analysis demonstrates that GTPs enhance energy conversion by boosting mitochondrial TCA cycle and urea cycle of gut-microbiota in rats. This metabolic modulation is achieved by enriching many gene orthologs, following the increase of beneficial microbials in families C. Ruminococcaceae, C. Lachnospiraceae and B. Bacteroidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Lili Tang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Technology University, Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA; Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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23
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Bagheri R, Rashidlamir A, Ashtary‐Larky D, Wong A, Alipour M, Motevalli MS, Chebbi A, Laher I, Zouhal H. Does green tea extract enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of exercise on fat loss? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:753-762. [PMID: 31747468 PMCID: PMC7098875 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Green tea extract (GTE) can exert antiobesity and anti-inflammatory effects. Our study determined whether the benefits of GTE are summative with exercise-induced changes in anthropometric indices, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin and irisin in inactive overweight women. METHODS Thirty overweight female participants were randomized to 3 groups: endurance training + placebo (ET + P); endurance training + GTE (ET + GTE); and Control (no exercise) + placebo (Control, n = 10). The exercise intervention consisted of an 8-week endurance-training programme of 3 sessions per week (aerobics, aerobic circuit training, and fast walking or jogging at a moderate intensity of 40-59% of the heart rate reserve). The dose of GTE used was 500 mg/day in the form of a green tea capsule. RESULTS Body weight, body mass index, waist to hip ratio and body fat percentage were decreased in both ET + P and ET + GTE interventions (P < .001 for both interventions). The reduction of anthropometric values in the ET + GTE group was significantly higher than ET + P interventions (P < .001). Both exercise interventions also significantly (P < .001) increased adiponectin (ET + GTE = 5.28 mg/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.48 to 6.08] and ET + P = 3.34 mg/mL [95% CI, 2.76 to 3.92]) and decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP; ET + GTE = -0.95 mg/L [95% CI, -1.15 to -0.75] and ET + P = -0.35 mg/L [95% CI, -0.46 to -0.24]). Changes in adiponectin and hs-CRP were greater (P < .05) in ET + GTE compared to ET + P. There were no significant differences in irisin, interleukin-6 or tumour necrosis factor-α between the 3 groups (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS GTE improves exercise-induced body composition by further decreasing exercise-induced changes in weight, body mass index, waist to hip ratio and body fat percentage. The combination of GTE and exercise also produced greater changes in anti-inflammatory (increases in adiponectin) and metabolic (decreases in hs-CRP) markers than exercise alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of IsfahanIsfahanIran
| | - Amir Rashidlamir
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Damoon Ashtary‐Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceMarymount UniversityArlingtonVAUSA
| | - Meysam Alipour
- Alimentary Tract Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | | | - Amel Chebbi
- Faculty of Medicine of TunisUniversity of TunisTunisTunisia
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé)RennesFrance
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24
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Abdul Majid N, Abdul Hamid A, Salleh SZ, Saari N, Abas F, Pak Dek MS, Ramli NS, Jaafar AH. Metabolomics approach to investigate the ergogenic effect of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract on obese Sprague Dawley rats. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:191-203. [PMID: 31381209 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Natural products are obtaining much acceptance as ergogenic aid, not only among athletes but also among the general population including people with excess body fat. Under normal circumstances, an obese person will have the desire and ability to exercise reduced; mainly because they are easily fatigued. Thus, they need to boost their energy production so that they can be more active and healthier. OBJECTIVE In this present work, Morinda citrifolia L. leaf extract (MLE) which is believed to possess ergogenic property, was evaluated on its effect on an obese animal model using 1 H-NMR based metabolomics. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks for obese development. Once this was achieved, all the rats underwent endurance exercise (forced swimming test) every 2 weeks for 8 weeks together with treatment. The time to exhaustion was recorded for each rat. Three different dosages of MLE: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of body weight were used together with two positive controls: 5 mg/kg caffeine and 100 mg/kg green tea. Blood was collected before and after treatments for metabolomics study. RESULTS Findings showed that feeding the rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight MLE significantly prolonged the exhaustive swimming time of the rats, and altered the metabolites present in their serum. Discriminating metabolites involved were the product of various metabolic pathways, including carbohydrate, lipids metabolism and energy metabolism. Treatment with 200 mg/kg body weight MLE resulted in significant improvement in the metabolic perturbations where the proximity of the obese exercised treated group to that of normal exercised group in the partial least squares discriminant analysis score plot was observed. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated ergogenic property of MLE based on the improved metabolic perturbation in exercised obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nordiana Abdul Majid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Abdul Hamid
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syafiq Zikri Salleh
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazamid Saari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Sabri Pak Dek
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Shazini Ramli
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Haniff Jaafar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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25
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High-Molecular-Weight Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Black Tea Does Not Prevent Atrophy by Unloading, But Promotes Soleus Muscle Mass Recovery from Atrophy in Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092131. [PMID: 31500089 PMCID: PMC6770236 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that polyphenol-rich fraction (named E80) promotes skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by functional overload in mice. This study indicates that E80 has potential for affecting skeletal muscle mass. Then, we evaluate the effect of E80 on atrophic and recovery conditions of skeletal muscle in mice. Hindlimb suspension (unloading) and relanding (reloading) are used extensively to observe disuse muscle atrophy and subsequent muscle mass recovery from atrophy. Eight-week old C57BL/6 mice were fed either a normal diet or a diet containing 0.5% E80 for two weeks under conditions of hindlimb suspension and a subsequent 5 or 10 days of reloading. We found that E80 administration did not prevent atrophy during hindlimb suspension, but promoted recovery of slow-twitch (soleus) muscle mass from atrophy induced by hindlimb suspension. After five days of reloading, we discovered that phosphorylation of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins, such as Akt and P70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), was activated in the muscle. Therefore, E80 administration accelerated mTOR signal and increased protein synthesis in the reloaded soleus muscle.
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26
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Vitale K, Getzin A. Nutrition and Supplement Update for the Endurance Athlete: Review and Recommendations. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1289. [PMID: 31181616 PMCID: PMC6628334 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endurance events have experienced a significant increase in growth in the new millennium and are popular activities for participation globally. Sports nutrition recommendations for endurance exercise however remains a complex issue with often opposing views and advice by various health care professionals. METHODS A PubMed/Medline search on the topics of endurance, athletes, nutrition, and performance was undertaken and a review performed summarizing the current evidence concerning macronutrients, hydration, and supplements as it pertains to endurance athletes. RESULTS Carbohydrate and hydration recommendations have not drastically changed in years, while protein and fat intake have been traditionally underemphasized in endurance athletes. Several supplements are commercially available to athletes, of which, few may be of benefit for endurance activities, including nitrates, antioxidants, caffeine, and probiotics, and are reviewed here. The topic of "train low," training in a low carbohydrate state is also discussed, and the post-exercise nutritional "recovery window" remains an important point to emphasize to endurance competitors. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the key recommendations for macronutrients, hydration, and supplements for endurance athletes, and helps clinicians treating endurance athletes clear up misconceptions in sports nutrition research when counseling the endurance athlete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Vitale
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Andrew Getzin
- Sports Medicine, Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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27
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Onishi S, Meguro S, Pervin M, Kitazawa H, Yoto A, Ishino M, Shimba Y, Mochizuki Y, Miura S, Tokimitsu I, Unno K. Green Tea Extracts Attenuate Brain Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed SAMP8 Mice. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040821. [PMID: 30979047 PMCID: PMC6521105 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diet promotes progression of metabolic disorders and brain dysfunction with aging. Green tea extracts (GTEs) have various beneficial effects and alleviate metabolic disorders. GTEs have neuroprotective effects in rodent models, but their effects against brain dysfunction in models of aging fed unhealthy diets are still unclear. Here, we showed that GTEs attenuate high-fat (HF) diet-induced brain dysfunction in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8), a murine model of senescence. SAMP8 mice were fed a control diet, HF diet, or HF diet with 0.5% GTEs (HFGT) for four months. The HF diet reduced memory retention and induced amyloid β1–42 accumulation, whereas GTEs attenuated these changes. In HF diet-fed mice, lipid oxidative stress, assessed by malondialdehyde levels, was increased. The levels of proteins that promote synaptic plasticity, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), were reduced. These alterations related to brain dysfunction were not observed in HFGT diet-fed mice. Overall, our data suggest that GTEs intake might attenuate brain dysfunction in HF diet-fed SAMP8 mice by protecting synaptic plasticity as well as via anti-oxidative effects. In conclusion, GTEs might ameliorate unhealthy diet-induced brain dysfunction that develops with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Onishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Shinichi Meguro
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Monira Pervin
- Tea Science center, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Hidefumi Kitazawa
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Ai Yoto
- Tea Science center, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Mayu Ishino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shimba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Tokimitsu
- Department of Health and Food Science, University of Human Arts and Science, Magome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama 339-0077, Japan.
| | - Keiko Unno
- Tea Science center, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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28
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Komiya Y, Nakamura T, Ishii M, Shimizu K, Hiraki E, Kawabata F, Nakamura M, Tatsumi R, Ikeuchi Y, Mizunoya W. Increase in muscle endurance in mice by dietary Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) possibly via activation of PPARδ. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:781-789. [PMID: 30938015 PMCID: PMC6594082 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fiber is largely classified into two types: type 1 (slow‐twitch) and type 2 (fast‐twitch) fibers. Meat quality and composition of fiber types are thought to be closely related. Previous research showed that overexpression of constitutively active peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)δ, a nuclear receptor present in skeletal muscle, increased type 1 fibers in mice. In this study, we found that hexane extracts of Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) showed PPARδ agonistic activity in vitro. Eight‐week‐old C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet supplemented with 5% (w/w) freeze‐dried Yamabushitake mushroom for 24 hr. After the treatment period, the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were excised. The Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet up‐regulated the PPARδ target genes Pdk4 and Ucp3 in mouse skeletal muscles in vivo. Furthermore, feeding the Yamabushitake‐supplemented diet to mice for 8 weeks resulted in a significant increase in muscle endurance. These results indicate that Yamabushitake mushroom contains PPARδ agonistic ligands and that dietary intake of Yamabushitake mushroom could activate PPARδ in skeletal muscle of mice. Unexpectedly, we observed no significant alterations in composition of muscle fiber types between the mice fed control and Yamabushitake‐supplemented diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Komiya
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan.,Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nakamura
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Momoko Ishii
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniyoshi Shimizu
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Hiraki
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Kawabata
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Ikeuchi
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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29
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Dinh TC, Thi Phuong TN, Minh LB, Minh Thuc VT, Bac ND, Van Tien N, Pham VH, Show PL, Tao Y, Nhu Ngoc VT, Bich Ngoc NT, Jurgoński A, Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Van Tu P, Ha VN, Czarzasta J, Chu DT. The effects of green tea on lipid metabolism and its potential applications for obesity and related metabolic disorders - An existing update. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1667-1673. [PMID: 31336539 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the top global issues, which induces several serious health consequences both physically and mentally, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, eating disorders, depression and stress. However, the effective therapy to prevent and treat obesity and overweight, up to now, cannot be found nowadays. Several methods/medicines namely diet control, energy balance, environmental changes, genetic and stem cell therapies, new drugs/chemicals have been extensively studied to enhance the ability to control bodyweight and prevent obesity. Of all the aforementioned methods, green tea, used as a daily beverage, has shown beneficial impacts for the health, especially its anti-obesity effects. Available evidence shows that green tea can interrupt lipid emulsification, reduce adipocyte differentiation, increase thermogenesis, and reduce food intake, thus green tea improves the systemic metabolism and decreases fat mass. Here, we highlight and sum up the update investigations of anti-obesity effect of green tea as well as discuss the potential application of them for preventing obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Chu Dinh
- Institute for Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Danang, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chonnam National University, South Korea
| | - Le Bui Minh
- NTT Hi-tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh St., Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Nguyen Van Tien
- 103 Military Central Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Huy Pham
- AI Lab, Faculty of Information Technology, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 8, 210095, China
| | | | | | - Adam Jurgoński
- Division of Food Science, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | | | - Pham Van Tu
- Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Vu Ngoc Ha
- Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Joanna Czarzasta
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- School of Odonto Stomatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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30
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Casanova E, Salvadó J, Crescenti A, Gibert-Ramos A. Epigallocatechin Gallate Modulates Muscle Homeostasis in Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity by Targeting Energetic and Redox Pathways: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030532. [PMID: 30691224 PMCID: PMC6387143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with the hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue, affecting the healthy secretion profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Increased influx of fatty acids and inflammatory adipokines from adipose tissue can induce muscle oxidative stress and inflammation and negatively regulate myocyte metabolism. Muscle has emerged as an important mediator of homeostatic control through the consumption of energy substrates, as well as governing systemic signaling networks. In muscle, obesity is related to decreased glucose uptake, deregulation of lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. This review focuses on the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) on oxidative stress and inflammation, linked to the metabolic dysfunction of skeletal muscle in obesity and their underlying mechanisms. EGCG works by increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, by reversing the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in skeletal muscle and regulating mitochondria-involved autophagy. Moreover, EGCG increases muscle lipid oxidation and stimulates glucose uptake in insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. EGCG acts by modulating cell signaling including the NF-κB, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and through epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Casanova
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, 43204 Reus, Spain.
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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31
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Li P, Liu A, Xiong W, Lin H, Xiao W, Huang J, Zhang S, Liu Z. Catechins enhance skeletal muscle performance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:515-528. [PMID: 30633538 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1549534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-related disorders, such as sarcopenia and cachexia, caused by aging and chronic diseases can lead to the loss of muscle mass and strength to different degrees, severely affecting human health. Globally, tea is one of the three most popular beverages, and its major active ingredient catechins have been reported to delay muscular atrophy and enhance movement. However, currently, there is no systematic review to elaborate its roles and the associated mechanisms. This article reviews the (1) functions and mechanisms of catechins in the differentiation of myogenic stem cells, biogenesis of mitochondria, synthesis and degradation of proteins, regulation of glucose level, and metabolism of lipids in muscle cells; and (2) effect of catechins on the blood vessels, bones, and nerves that are closely related to the skeletal muscles. Catechins could prevent, mitigate, delay, and even treat muscle-related disorders caused by aging and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ailing Liu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Utilisation of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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32
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Ma S, Huang Q, Tominaga T, Liu C, Suzuki K. An 8-Week Ketogenic Diet Alternated Interleukin-6, Ketolytic and Lipolytic Gene Expression, and Enhanced Exercise Capacity in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1696. [PMID: 30405021 PMCID: PMC6266160 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjusting dietary fat intake is reported to affect mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and thus may enhance exercise capacity. However, a high-fat diet where carbohydrate intake is not limited enough also makes it difficult for athletes to maintain weight, and may fail to force the body to utilize fat. As such, a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, ketogenic diet (KD) may be viable. We have previously reported that an eight-week KD enhances exercise capacity, and suggested the mechanism to be enhanced lipolysis and ketolysis. In the present study, we investigated how an eight-week KD alters mRNA expression during fatty acid mobilization, FAO and ketolysis. We found that an eight-week KD may remodel the lipid metabolism profile, thus contributing to influence exercise capacity. We also found that ketolysis, lipolysis and FAO adaptations may contribute to enhanced exhaustive exercise performance. Along with enhanced FAO capacity during exhaustive exercise, a KD may also alter IL-6 synthesis and secretion profile, thus contribute to fatty acid mobilization, ketolysis, lipolysis and preventing muscle damage. Both the lipid metabolism response and IL-6 secretion appeared to be muscle fiber specific. Taken together, the previous and present results reveal that an eight-week KD may enhance exercise performance by up-regulating ketolysis and FAO ability. Therefore, a KD may have the potential to prevent muscle damage by altering IL-6 secretion profile, indicating that a KD may be a promising dietary approach in endurance athletes, sports, and for injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Ma
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Qingyi Huang
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Takaki Tominaga
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan.
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33
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Single Dose Administration of Taheebo Polyphenol Enhances Endurance Capacity in Mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14625. [PMID: 30279507 PMCID: PMC6168462 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance capacity is important for maintenance of quality of life as well as performance of endurance athletes. In order to improve endurance, intake of nutritional supplements as well as exercise training is also important. Indeed, polyphenolic extracts from plants are known to improve endurance capacity via increase of fatty acid utilization, mitochondrial biogenesis or inhibition of oxidative stress. Taheebo, the extract obtained from inner bark of Tabebuia avellanedae has been reported to have beneficial effects for treatment of inflammation, oxidative stress and obesity. Here, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of polyphenol fraction of taheebo (taheebo polyphenol; TP) on endurance capacity of mice. Single dose administration of TP significantly increased running time until exhaustion. Acute TP administration increased blood glucose and muscle glycogen levels (p < 0.05) through alteration on expression level of genes involved with glycogen metabolism and gluconeogenesis. Furthermore, TP administration decreased exercise-induced increase of protein carbonyls in skeletal muscle. These results suggest that TP administration improve endurance capacity via up-regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen levels and maintenance of blood glucose by acceleration of gluconeogenesis as well as inhibition of exercise-induced oxidative stress. Single administration of TP also increased phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and gene expression level of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) but did not change the marker of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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34
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Yoshida Y, Tsutaki A, Tamura Y, Kouzaki K, Sashihara K, Nakashima S, Tagashira M, Tatsumi R, Nakazato K. Dietary apple polyphenols increase skeletal muscle capillaries in Wistar rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13866. [PMID: 30221842 PMCID: PMC6139724 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary apple polyphenols (AP) have been shown to exhibit beneficial effects on muscle endurance. Fast-to-slow change in the composition of myosin heavy chains was known as one of the molecular mechanisms. Here, we examined the effects of dietary AP on the capillaries and mitochondria in the rat skeletal muscle to elucidate the mechanisms underlying muscular endurance enhancement. Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided into three groups, namely, the control group, 0.5% AP group, and 5% AP group (n = 8 in each group). After a feeding period of 4 weeks, rats were dissected, gastrocnemius muscles were removed, and the density of capillaries and levels of mitochondrial proteins were analyzed. Capillary density of the gastrocnemius increased to 17.8% in rats fed with 5% AP as compared to the control rats. No significant change was observed in the mitochondrial content and dynamics (fusion/fission) of regulatory proteins. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the increase in the capillary density, positive (vascular endothelial cell growth factor, VEGF) and negative (thrombosponsin-1, TSP-1) factors of angiogenesis were analyzed. TSP-1 expression significantly decreased in rats fed with 0.5% AP and 5% AP by approximately 25% and 40%, respectively, as compared with the control rats. There were no significant differences in VEGF expression. Thus, dietary AP may increase the muscle capillary density by decreasing TSP-1 expression. We concluded that the increase in the capillary density and the fast-to-slow change in myosin heavy chains by AP feeding are the main causes for muscle endurance enhancement in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshida
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyGraduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversitySetagaya‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Arata Tsutaki
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyGraduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversitySetagaya‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Yuki Tamura
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyGraduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversitySetagaya‐kuTokyoJapan
| | - Karina Kouzaki
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyGraduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversitySetagaya‐kuTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Department of Exercise PhysiologyGraduate School of Health and Sport ScienceNippon Sport Science UniversitySetagaya‐kuTokyoJapan
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35
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Takamura Y, Nomura M, Uchiyama A, Fujita S. Effects of Aerobic Exercise Combined with Panaxatriol Derived from Ginseng on Insulin Resistance and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:339-348. [PMID: 29225319 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance reduces insulin-induced muscle protein synthesis and accelerates muscle protein degradation. Ginseng ingestion has been reported to improve insulin resistance through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. We hypothesized that panaxatriol (PT) derived from ginseng in combination with aerobic exercise (EX) may further promote protein synthesis and suppress protein degradation, and subsequently maintain muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance. KKAy insulin-resistant mice were divided into control, panaxatriol only (PT), exercise only (EX), and EX+PT groups. EX and EX+PT ran on the treadmill for 45 min at 15 m/min 5 d/wk for 6 wk. PT and EX+PT groups were fed a standard diet containing 0.2% PT for 6 wk. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-R) values was significantly improved after exercise for 6 wk. Moreover, EX+PT mice showed improved HOMA-R as compared to EX mice. p70S6K phosphorylation after a 4 h fast was significantly higher in EX than in the non-exercise control, and it was higher in EX+PT mice than in EX mice. Atrogin1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in EX than in the non-exercise control, and was significantly lowered further by PT treatment. EX and EX+PT mice showed higher soleus muscle mass and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the soleus myofibers than control animals, with higher values noted for both parameters in EX+PT than in EX. These results suggest that aerobic exercise and PT ingestion may contribute to maintain skeletal muscle mass through the amelioration of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takamura
- Research and Development Headquarters, Lion Corporation.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | | | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University
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Minegishi Y, Otsuka A, Ota N, Ishii K, Shimotoyodome A. Combined Supplementation of Pre-Exercise Carbohydrate, Alanine, and Proline and Continuous Intake of Green Tea Catechins Effectively Boost Endurance Performance in Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070925. [PMID: 30029527 PMCID: PMC6073663 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous intake of green tea catechins (GTC) increases fatty acid utilization as an energy source and improves endurance capacity. Conversely, the single pre-exercise intake of maltodextrin (MD) as a carbohydrate source and the gluconeogenic amino acids alanine (Ala) and proline (Pro) effectively maintain blood glucose levels and increase endurance performance. In this study, we investigated the synergistic combinational effect of these interventions on endurance performance in mice. Male BALB/c mice were fed a 0.5% GTC diet or Control diet for 8 weeks. Maximum running time was measured every 2 weeks. MD (2 g/kg body weight (B.W.)), MD (1 g/kg B.W.) + AlaPro (9:1, 1 g/kg B.W.), and vehicle were orally administrated 60 mins before measurements in each diet group. The GTC + MD + AlaPro group showed significantly higher endurance performance than the Control-Vehicle group at all measurements. Indirect calorimetry analysis during running exercise at 4 weeks in the Control and GTC groups supplemented with pre-exercise MD + AlaPro administration revealed significantly higher fat oxidation in the GTC groups compared to the Control group. The combined increase in fatty acid utilization through continuous GTC intake and pre-exercise MD + AlaPro carbohydrate energy supplementation synergistically improves endurance capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Minegishi
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Atsuko Otsuka
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Ota
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
| | - Koichi Ishii
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimotoyodome
- Biological Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2606 Akabane, Ichikai-machi, Haga-gun, Tochigi 321-3497, Japan.
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High α-tocopherol dosing increases lipid metabolism by changing redox state in damaged rat gastric mucosa and liver after ethanol treatment. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1257-1272. [PMID: 29773670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of ethanol-injured rat gastric mucosa must undergo changes in major metabolic pathways to achieve DNA replication and cell proliferation. These events are highly dependent on glucose utilization and inhibited by vitamin E (VE) (α-tocopherol) administration. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing lipid metabolism in the gastric mucosa and ethanol-induced gastric damage and the effect of α-tocopherol administration. For this, rates of fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis were tested in gastric mucosa samples. Through histological analysis, we found loss of the mucosa's superficial epithelium, which became gradually normalized during the recovery period. Proliferation of gastric mucosa occurred with augmented formation of β-oxidation by-products, diminished synthesis of triacylglycerols (TGs), as well as of phospholipids, and a reduced cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratio, whereas the mitochondrial redox NAD/NADH ratio was much less affected. In addition, α-tocopherol increased palmitic acid utilization in the gastric mucosa, which was accompanied by the induction of 'mirror image' effects on the cell redox state, reflected in an inhibited cell gastric mucosa proliferation by the vitamin administration. In conclusion, the present study shows, for the first time, the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptive cell gastric mucosa changes that drive proliferation after a chronic insult. Moreover, α-tocopherol increased gastric mucosa utilization of palmitic acid associated with energy production. These events could be associated with its antioxidant properties in co-ordination with regulation of genes and cell pathways, including changes in the cell NAD/NADH redox state.
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38
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Onishi S, Kitazawa H, Meguro S, Tokimitsu I. Green tea extracts reduce leukocyte cell-Derived chemotaxin 2 and selenoprotein P levels in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1568-1575. [PMID: 29848194 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1480349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that green tea extracts (GTEs), including catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate, have a beneficial effect on obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation. Although several studies have shown that catechins directly modulate the cellular and molecular alterations in the liver tissue, the contributions of indirect mechanisms underlying these systemic effects of catechins remain unclear. In this study, we report that, in the C57BL/6J mouse liver, GTEs reduce high-fat diet-induced increases in the levels of hepatokines, liver-derived secretary proteins such as leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 and selenoprotein P production, which have been shown to induce systemic adverse effects, including several metabolic diseases. These findings suggest that the systemic effects of GTEs involve the regulation of hepatokine production as an indirect mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Onishi
- a Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation , Tochigi , Japan.,b Industry-Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kitazawa
- a Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation , Tochigi , Japan.,b Industry-Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Shinichi Meguro
- a Biological Science Research , Kao Corporation , Tochigi , Japan.,b Industry-Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan
| | - Ichiro Tokimitsu
- b Industry-Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka , Japan.,c Department of Health and Food Science , University of Human Arts and Science , Magome, Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama , Japan
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Al-Dashti YA, Holt RR, Stebbins CL, Keen CL, Hackman RM. Dietary Flavanols: A Review of Select Effects on Vascular Function, Blood Pressure, and Exercise Performance. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:553-567. [PMID: 29718795 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2018.1451788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An individual's diet affects numerous physiological functions and can play an important role in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that dietary flavanols can be an important modulator of vascular risk. Diets and plant extracts rich in flavanols have been reported to lower blood pressure, especially in prehypertensive and hypertensive individuals. Flavanols may act in part through signaling pathways that affect vascular function, nitric oxide availability, and the release of endothelial-derived relaxing and constricting factors. During exercise, flavanols have been reported to modulate metabolism and respiration (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake, O2 cost of exercise, and energy expenditure), and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, resulting in increased skeletal muscle efficiency and endurance capacity. Flavanol-induced reductions in blood pressure during exercise may decrease the work of the heart. Collectively, these effects suggest that flavanols can act as an ergogenic aid to help delay the onset of fatigue. More research is needed to better clarify the effects of flavanols on vascular function, blood pressure regulation, and exercise performance and establish safe and effective levels of intake. Flavanol-rich foods and food products can be useful components of a healthy diet and lifestyle program for those seeking to better control their blood pressure or to enhance their physical activity. Key teaching points • Epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that dietary flavanols can reduce the risk of vascular disease. • Diets and plant extracts rich in flavanols have been reported to lower blood pressure and improve exercise performance in humans. • Mechanisms by which flavanols may reduce blood pressure function include alterations in signaling pathways that affect vascular function, nitric oxide availability, and the release of endothelial-derived relaxation and constriction factors. • Mechanisms by which flavanols may enhance exercise performance include modulation of metabolism and respiration (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake, O2 cost of exercise, and energy expenditure) and reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation. These effects can result in increased skeletal muscle efficiency and endurance capacity. • Further research is needed to clarify the amount, timing, and frequency of flavanol intake for blood pressure regulation and exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef A Al-Dashti
- a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA
| | - Roberta R Holt
- a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA
| | - Charles L Stebbins
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA.,b Department of Internal Medicine , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA
| | - Robert M Hackman
- a Department of Nutrition , University of California, Davis , Davis , California , USA
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Al Fazazi S, Casuso RA, Aragón-Vela J, Casals C, Huertas JR. Effects of hydroxytyrosol dose on the redox status of exercised rats: the role of hydroxytyrosol in exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2018; 15:20. [PMID: 29719493 PMCID: PMC5921979 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-018-0221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a polyphenol found in olive oil that is known for its antioxidant effects. Here, we aimed to describe the effects of a low and high HT dose on the physical running capacity and redox state in both sedentary and exercised rats. Methods Male Wistar rats were allocated into 6 groups: sedentary (SED; n = 10); SED consuming 20 mg/kg/d HT (SED20; n = 7); SED consuming 300 mg/kg/d HT (SED300; n = 7); exercised (EXE; n = 10); EXE consuming 20 mg/kg/d HT (EXE20; n = 10) and EXE consuming 300 mg/kg/d HT (EXE300; n = 10). All the interventions lasted 10 weeks; the maximal running velocity was assessed throughout the study, whereas daily physical work was monitored during each training session. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed by bleeding. Hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) were measured in the terminal blood sample. Moreover, plasma hydroperoxide (HPx) concentrations were quantified as markers of lipid peroxidation. Results In sedentary rats, HT induced an antioxidant effect in a dose-dependent manner without implications on running performance. However, if combined with exercise, the 300 mg/kg/d HT dosage exhibited a pro-oxidant effect in the EXE300 group compared with the EXE and EXE20 groups. The EXE20 rats showed a reduction in daily physical work and a lower maximal velocity than the EXE and EXE300 rats. The higher physical capacity exhibited by the EXE300 group was achieved despite the EXE300 rats expressing lower HGB levels and a lower HCT than the EXE20 rats. Conclusions Our results suggest that a high HT dose induces a systemic pro-oxidant effect and may prevent the loss of performance that was observed with the low HT dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Al Fazazi
- "José Mataix" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, laboratory 116. Av. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Rafael A Casuso
- "José Mataix" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, laboratory 116. Av. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- "José Mataix" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, laboratory 116. Av. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Casals
- "José Mataix" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, laboratory 116. Av. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús R Huertas
- "José Mataix" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Physiology, University of Granada, laboratory 116. Av. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
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Onishi S, Ishino M, Kitazawa H, Yoto A, Shimba Y, Mochizuki Y, Unno K, Meguro S, Tokimitsu I, Miura S. Green tea extracts ameliorate high-fat diet-induced muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195753. [PMID: 29630667 PMCID: PMC5891070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy (loss of skeletal muscle mass) causes progressive deterioration of skeletal function. Recently, excessive intake of fats was suggested to induce insulin resistance, followed by muscle atrophy. Green tea extracts (GTEs), which contain polyphenols such as epigallocatechin gallate, have beneficial effects on obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance, but their effects against muscle atrophy are still unclear. Here, we found that GTEs prevented high-fat (HF) diet–induced muscle weight loss in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 (SAMP8), a murine model of senescence. SAMP8 mice were fed a control diet, an HF diet, or HF with 0.5% GTEs (HFGT) diet for 4 months. The HF diet induced muscle weight loss with aging (measured as quadriceps muscle weight), whereas GTEs prevented this loss. In HF diet–fed mice, blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations increased in comparison with the control group, and these mice had insulin resistance as determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In these mice, serum concentrations of leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), which is known to induce insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, were elevated, and insulin signaling in muscle, as determined by the phosphorylation levels of Akt and p70 S6 kinases, tended to be decreased. In HFGT diet–fed mice, these signs of insulin resistance and elevation of serum LECT2 were not observed. Although our study did not directly show the effect of serum LECT2 on muscle weight, insulin resistance examined using HOMA-IR indicated an intervention effect of serum LECT2 on muscle weight, as revealed by partial correlation analysis. Accordingly, GTEs might have beneficial effects on age-related and HF diet–induced muscle weight loss, which correlates with insulin resistance and is accompanied by a change in serum LECT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Onishi
- Industry–Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mayu Ishino
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kitazawa
- Industry–Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ai Yoto
- Industry–Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimba
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Keiko Unno
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Meguro
- Industry–Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ichiro Tokimitsu
- Industry–Academia Collaboration Research Laboratory of the University of Shizuoka and Kao Corporation, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kim J, Park S, An H, Choi JY, Choi MS, Choi SW, Kim SJ. Differential Tissue-specific and Pathway-specific Anti-obesity Effects of Green Tea and Taeumjowitang, a Traditional Korean Medicine, in Mice. J Cancer Prev 2017; 22:147-158. [PMID: 29018779 PMCID: PMC5624455 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2017.22.3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional medicines have been leveraged for the treatment and prevention of obesity, one of the fastest growing diseases in the world. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the effects of traditional medicine on obesity are not yet fully understood. Methods We produced the transcriptomes of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT), liver, muscle, and hypothalamus harvested from mice fed a normal diet, high-fat-diet alone, high-fat-diet together with green tea, or a high-fat-diet together with Taeumjowitang, a traditional Korean medicine. Results We found tissue-specific gene expression patterns as follows: (i) the eWAT transcriptome was more significantly altered by Taeumjowitang than by green tea, (ii) the liver transcriptome was similarly altered by Taeumjowitang and green tea, and (iii) both the muscle and hypothalamus transcriptomes were more significantly altered by green tea than Taeumjowitang. We then applied integrated network analyses, which revealed that functional networks associated with lymphocyte activation were more effectively regulated by Taeumjowitang than by green tea in the eWAT. In contrast, green tea was a more effective regulator of functional networks associated with glucose metabolic processes in the eWAT. Conclusions Taeumjowitang and green tea have a differential tissue-specific and pathway-specific therapeutic effect on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junil Kim
- The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Deparment of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sujin Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - Haein An
- Precision Medicine Research Center and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research and Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Woon Choi
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Korea.,Department of Transdisciplinary Studies Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Effects of resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin on mitochondrial functions in C2C12 myotubes. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week green tea extract (GTE) supplementation on promoting postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis and systemic energy substrate utilisation in young college students. A total of eight healthy male participants (age: 22·0 (se 1·0) years, BMI: 24·2 (se 0·7) kg/m2, VO2max: 43·2 (se 2·4) ml/kg per min) participated in this study. GTE (500 mg/d for 8 weeks) was compared with placebo in participants in a double-blind/placebo-controlled and crossover study design with an 8-week washout period. Thereafter, all participants performed a 60-min cycling exercise (75 % VO2max) and consumed a carbohydrate-enriched meal immediately after exercise. Vastus lateralis muscle samples were collected immediately (0 h) and 3 h after exercise, and blood and gaseous samples were collected during the 3-h postexercise recovery period. An 8-week oral GTE supplementation had no effects on further promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle, but the exercise-induced muscle GLUT type 4 (GLUT4) protein content was greater in the GTE supplementation trial (P<0·05). We observed that, during the postexercise recovery period, GTE supplementation elicited an increase in energy reliance on fat oxidation compared with the placebo trial (P<0·05), although there were no differences in blood glucose and insulin responses between the two trials. In summary, 8-week oral GTE supplementation increases postexercise systemic fat oxidation and exercise-induced muscle GLUT4 protein content in response to an acute bout of endurance exercise. However, GTE supplementation has no further benefit on promoting muscle glycogen resynthesis during the postexercise period.
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Kim J, Park J, Lim K. Nutrition Supplements to Stimulate Lipolysis: A Review in Relation to Endurance Exercise Capacity. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2017; 62:141-61. [PMID: 27465721 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.62.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Athletes make great efforts to increase their endurance capacity in many ways. Using nutrition supplements for stimulating lipolysis is one such strategy to improve endurance performance. These supplements contain certain ingredients that affect fat metabolism; furthermore, in combination with endurance training, they tend to have additive effects. A large body of scientific evidence shows that nutrition supplements increase fat metabolism; however, the usefulness of lipolytic supplements as ergogenic functional foods remains controversial. The present review will describe the effectiveness of lipolytic supplements in fat metabolism and as an ergogenic aid for increasing endurance exercise capacity. There are a number of lipolytic supplements available on the market, but this review focuses on natural ingredients such as caffeine, green tea extract, L-carnitine, Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid), capsaicin, ginseng, taurine, silk peptides and octacosanol, all of which have shown scientific evidence of enhancing fat metabolism associated with improving endurance performance. We excluded some other supplements owing to lack of data on fat metabolism or endurance capacity. Based on the data in this review, we suggest that a caffeine and green tea extract improves endurance performance and enhances fat oxidation. Regarding other supplements, the data on their practical implications needs to be gathered, especially for athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University
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Itoh T, Miyake Y, Yamaguchi T, Tsukaguchi S, Mitarai R, Enomoto M, Ensho S, Shimomiya Y, Nakamura Y, Ando M, Tsukamasa Y, Takahata M. OM-X ®, a Fermented Vegetables Extract, Facilitates Muscle Endurance Capacity in Swimming Exercise Mice. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-fatigue effect was investigated of the probiotic supplement, OM-X®, on forced swimming capacity in mice. Mice were administered either vehicle (distilled water; DW) or OM-X® (85 mg/kg body weight) by gavage for 4 weeks. Forced swimming tests were conducted weekly using the Ishihara-modified Matsumoto swimming pool. The endurance swimming time of the final forced swimming exercise in mice fed with OM-X® group showed an approximately 2-fold increase compared with the vehicle control group. Biomedical parameters, including blood lactate, blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, serum triacylglycerol (TG), hepatic total lipids (TL), TG and phospholipid (PL) were significantly lower in mice fed with OM-X® than those in the vehicle control group. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (Cps1) and arginase 1 (Arg1), in the urea cycle, were increased by OM-X® feeding. Thus, our findings suggest promotion of lipid metabolism and up-regulation of the urea cycle, at least in part, for the anti-fatigue effect mediated by OM-X®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Itoh
- Laboratory for Molecular Chemistry of Aquatic Materials, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyake
- BIOBANK Co., Ltd., 388-1 Hirata, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0952, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Shota Tsukaguchi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Rena Mitarai
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Miyuki Enomoto
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Seiya Ensho
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshie Shimomiya
- BIOBANK Co., Ltd., 388-1 Hirata, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0952, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- BIOBANK Co., Ltd., 388-1 Hirata, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0952, Japan
| | - Masashi Ando
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Tsukamasa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Food Science, Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Muneaki Takahata
- BIOBANK Co., Ltd., 388-1 Hirata, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-0952, Japan
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Kim B, Park J, Yoon HG, Choi KC, Kim K, Lee J, Chung JW, Shim S, You Y, Jun W. Effect of Ethanol Extract of Canavalia gladiata on Endurance Swimming Capacity in Mice. J Med Food 2016; 19:990-993. [PMID: 27696957 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Canavalia gladiata ethanolic extract on endurance swimming capacity were evaluated in a mouse model. The mice were orally administered distilled water (CON), hot water extract (CGW), or 80% ethanol extract (CGE). The swimming time to exhaustion was significantly prolonged in the CGE group. Of the three groups, the CGE showed the lowest blood lactate and the highest nonesterified fatty acid and muscle glycogen levels. These results suggest that the administration of CGE could improve endurance swimming capacity by enhancing lipid catabolism and thereby preserving glycogen stores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjeong Kim
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongjin Park
- 2 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Geun Yoon
- 3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- 4 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmi Kim
- 5 Department of Biofood Analysis, Korea Bio Polytechnic , Ganggyung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Lee
- 6 Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University , Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woong Chung
- 7 Department of Biological Science, Dong-A University , Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangin Shim
- 8 Division of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University , Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanghee You
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woojin Jun
- 1 Division of Food and Nutrition, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,2 Research Institute for Human Ecology, Chonnam National University , Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Manio MCC, Inoue K, Fujitani M, Matsumura S, Fushiki T. Combined pharmacological activation of AMPK and PPARδ potentiates the effects of exercise in trained mice. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/5/e12625. [PMID: 26997622 PMCID: PMC4823600 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined activation of the cellular energy sensor AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor delta (PPARδ) has been demonstrated to improve endurance and muscle function by mimicking the effects of exercise training. However, their combined pharmacological activation with exercise training has not been explored. Balb/c mice were trained on a treadmill and administered both the AMPK activator AICAR and the PPARδ agonist GW0742 for 4 weeks. AICAR treatment potentiated endurance, but the combination of AICAR and GW0742 further potentiated endurance and increased all running parameters significantly relative to exercised and nonexercised groups (138–179% and 355% increase in running time, respectively). Despite the lack of change in basal whole‐body metabolism, a significant shift to fat as the main energy source with a decline in carbohydrate utilization was observed upon indirect calorimetry analysis at the period near exhaustion. Increased energy substrates before exercise, and elevated muscle nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and elevated muscle glycogen at exhaustion were observed together with increased PDK4 mRNA expression. Citrate synthase activity was elevated in AICAR‐treated groups, while PGC‐1α protein level tended to be increased in GW0742‐treated groups. At exhaustion, Pgc1a was robustly upregulated together with Pdk4, Cd36, and Lpl in the muscle. A robust upregulation of Pgc1a and a downregulation in Chrebp were observed in the liver. Our data show that combined pharmacological activation of AMPK and PPARδ potentiates endurance in trained mice by transcriptional changes in muscle and liver, increased available energy substrates, delayed hypoglycemia through glycogen sparing accompanied by increased NEFA availability, and improved substrate shift from carbohydrate to fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian C Manio
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mina Fujitani
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tohru Fushiki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Ota N, Soga S, Shimotoyodome A. Daily consumption of tea catechins improves aerobic capacity in healthy male adults: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:2412-2417. [PMID: 27562352 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1224638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that dietary supplementation with tea catechins combined with exercise improved endurance capacity in mice. This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of daily tea catechin consumption on aerobic capacity in humans. Sixteen Japanese non-athlete male subjects (aged 25-47 years) took 500 mL of a test beverage with or without tea catechins (570 mg) daily for 8 weeks and attended a training program twice a week. Aerobic capacity was evaluated by indirect calorimetry and near-infrared spectroscopy during graded cycle exercise. Catechin beverage consumption was associated with a significantly higher ventilation threshold during exercise and a higher recovery rate of oxygenated hemoglobin and myoglobin levels after graded cycle exercise when compared to subjects receiving the placebo beverage. These results indicate that daily consumption of tea catechins increases aerobic capacity when combined with semiweekly light exercise, which may be due to increased skeletal muscle aerobic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyasu Ota
- a Biological Science Laboratories , Kao Corporation , Haga-gun , Japan
| | - Satoko Soga
- a Biological Science Laboratories , Kao Corporation , Haga-gun , Japan
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Gahreman D, Heydari M, Boutcher Y, Freund J, Boutcher S. The Effect of Green Tea Ingestion and Interval Sprinting Exercise on the Body Composition of Overweight Males: A Randomized Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:E510. [PMID: 27548216 PMCID: PMC4997423 DOI: 10.3390/nu8080510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The combined effect of green tea ingestion and interval sprinting exercise on body and abdominal fat of overweight males was investigated. Participants were randomly assigned into control (C), green tea (GT), interval sprinting exercise (ISE), and green tea and ISE (GT + ISE) groups. The GT, GT + ISE, and C groups consumed three GT capsules daily. The ISE and GT + ISE groups completed 36 ISE sessions over 12 weeks. Forty eight overweight males with a mean BMI of 28.5 ± 0.92 kg/m² and age of 26 ± 0.7 years acted as participants. There was a significant reduction in total and abdominal fat mass for the ISE and GT + ISE groups, p < 0.05, however, total and abdominal fat mass did not significantly change in the GT and C groups. There was a significant increase in total lean mass, p < 0.05, after the intervention for the ISE and GT + ISE groups only. There was a significant increase in fat oxidation during submaximal aerobic exercise, p < 0.05, after the intervention for the ISE, GT + ISE, and GT groups with no change for the C group. Following the 12-week intervention the ISE and GT + ISE groups, compared to C, recorded a significantly greater decrease in body and abdominal fat, and a significant increase in total lean mass. Ingestion of green tea by itself, however, did not result in a significant decrease in body or abdominal fat, but increased fat utilization during submaximal exercise. The combination of 12 weeks of GT ingestion and ISE did not result in greater total and abdominal fat reduction compared to 12 weeks of ISE alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gahreman
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Charles Darwin University, Ellengowan Drive, Casuarina 0811, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Mehrdad Heydari
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo 2007, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Yati Boutcher
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Judith Freund
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Stephen Boutcher
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, High Street, Randwick, Sydney 2052, New South Wales, Australia.
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