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Hu J, Zheng S, Hua M, Ding M, Hu Z, Jiang H. Deletion of Impdh2 in adipocyte precursors limits the expansion of white adipose tissue and enhances metabolic health with overnutrition. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:149998. [PMID: 38692012 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The equilibrium between the hypertrophic growth of existing adipocytes and adipogenesis is vital in managing metabolic stability in white adipocytes when faced with overnutrition. Adipogenesis has been established as a key player in combating metabolic irregularities caused by various factors. However, the benefits of increasing adipogenesis-mediated white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion for metabolic health regulation remain uncertain. Our findings reveal an increase in Impdh2 expression during the adipogenesis phase, both in vivo and in vitro. Xmp enhances adipogenic potential by fostering mitotic clonal expansion (MCE). The conditional knockout of Impdh2 in adipocyte progenitor cells(APCs) in adult and aged mice effectively curbs white adipose tissue expansion, ameliorates glucose tolerance, and augments energy expenditure under high-fat diet (HFD). However, no significant difference is observed under normal chow diet (NCD). Concurrently, the knockout of Impdh2 in APCs significantly reduces the count of new adipocytes induced by HFD, without affecting adipocyte size. Mechanistically, Impdh2 regulates the proliferation of APCs during the MCE phase via Xmp. Exogenous Xmp can significantly offset the reduction in adipogenic abilities of APCs due to Impdh2 deficiency. In summary, we discovered that adipogenesis-mediated WAT expansion, induced by overnutrition, also contributes to metabolic abnormalities. Moreover, the pivotal role of Impdh2 in regulating adipogenesis in APCs offers a novel therapeutic approach to combat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Hu
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Shiqiong Zheng
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Mengting Hua
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Ding
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China
| | - Zhangfeng Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Bio-medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China; Hubei Engineering Research Center for Protection and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in the Hanjiang River Basin, School of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, Hubei, China.
| | - Haochen Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Bio-medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430056, China.
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2
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Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab 2024; 6:793-807. [PMID: 38783156 PMCID: PMC11238912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a conserved biological process, modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that leads to changes in life expectancy. In humans, ageing is characterized by greatly increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with impaired immune surveillance. Adipose tissue displays species-conserved, temporal changes with ageing, including redistribution from peripheral to central depots, loss of thermogenic capacity and expansion within the bone marrow. Adipose tissue is localized to discrete depots, and also diffusely distributed within multiple organs and tissues in direct proximity to specialized cells. Thus, through their potent endocrine properties, adipocytes are capable of modulating tissue and organ function throughout the body. In addition to adipocytes, multipotent progenitor/stem cells in adipose tissue play a crucial role in maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the lifetime. Adipose tissue may therefore be a central driver for organismal ageing and age-associated diseases. Here we review the features of adipose tissue during ageing, and discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes affect whole-body metabolism, immunity and longevity. We also explore the potential of adipose tissue-targeted therapies to ameliorate age-associated disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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3
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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Haxhi J, Menini S, Pugliese G. Impaired Remodeling of White Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Aging: From Defective Adipogenesis to Adipose Organ Dysfunction. Cells 2024; 13:763. [PMID: 38727299 PMCID: PMC11083890 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ adapts and responds to internal and environmental stimuli by remodeling both its cellular and extracellular components. Under conditions of energy surplus, the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) is capable of expanding through the enlargement of existing adipocytes (hypertrophy), followed by de novo adipogenesis (hyperplasia), which is impaired in hypertrophic obesity. However, an impaired hyperplastic response may result from various defects in adipogenesis, leading to different WAT features and metabolic consequences, as discussed here by reviewing the results of the studies in animal models with either overexpression or knockdown of the main molecular regulators of the two steps of the adipogenesis process. Moreover, impaired WAT remodeling with aging has been associated with various age-related conditions and reduced lifespan expectancy. Here, we delve into the latest advancements in comprehending the molecular and cellular processes underlying age-related changes in WAT function, their involvement in common aging pathologies, and their potential as therapeutic targets to influence both the health of elderly people and longevity. Overall, this review aims to encourage research on the mechanisms of WAT maladaptation common to conditions of both excessive and insufficient fat tissue. The goal is to devise adipocyte-targeted therapies that are effective against both obesity- and age-related disorders.
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Yu L, Wan Q, Liu Q, Fan Y, Zhou Q, Skowronski AA, Wang S, Shao Z, Liao CY, Ding L, Kennedy BK, Zha S, Que J, LeDuc CA, Sun L, Wang L, Qiang L. IgG is an aging factor that drives adipose tissue fibrosis and metabolic decline. Cell Metab 2024; 36:793-807.e5. [PMID: 38378001 PMCID: PMC11070064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Aging is underpinned by pronounced metabolic decline; however, the drivers remain obscure. Here, we report that IgG accumulates during aging, particularly in white adipose tissue (WAT), to impair adipose tissue function and metabolic health. Caloric restriction (CR) decreases IgG accumulation in WAT, whereas replenishing IgG counteracts CR's metabolic benefits. IgG activates macrophages via Ras signaling and consequently induces fibrosis in WAT through the TGF-β/SMAD pathway. Consistently, B cell null mice are protected from aging-associated WAT fibrosis, inflammation, and insulin resistance, unless exposed to IgG. Conditional ablation of the IgG recycling receptor, neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), in macrophages prevents IgG accumulation in aging, resulting in prolonged healthspan and lifespan. Further, targeting FcRn by antisense oligonucleotide restores WAT integrity and metabolic health in aged mice. These findings pinpoint IgG as a hidden culprit in aging and enlighten a novel strategy to rejuvenate metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiang Yu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qiongming Liu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yong Fan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qiuzhong Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicja A Skowronski
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Summer Wang
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhengping Shao
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Departments of Biochemistry and Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Centre for Health Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shan Zha
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liheng Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Li Qiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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5
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Ham M, Cho Y, Kang T, Oh T, Kim H, Kim K. Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals GYG2 as a mitochondria-related aging biomarker in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14049. [PMID: 38062989 PMCID: PMC10861210 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), a vital energy reservoir and endocrine organ for maintaining systemic glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, undergoes significant changes with age. However, among the existing aging-related markers, only few genes are associated with SAT aging. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used on a transcriptome of SAT obtained from the Genotype-Tissue Expression portal to identify biologically relevant, SAT-specific, and age-related marker genes. We found modules that exhibited significant changes with age and identified GYG2 as a novel key aging associated gene. The link between GYG2 and mitochondrial function as well as brown/beige adipocytes was supported using additional bioinformatics and experimental analyses. Additionally, we identified PPARG as the transcription factor of GYG2 expression. The newly discovered GYG2 marker can be used to not only determine the age of SAT but also uncover new mechanisms underlying SAT aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Ham
- R&I Unit, Amorepacific CorporationGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Yeonju Cho
- R&I Unit, Amorepacific CorporationGyeonggi‐doKorea
| | - Tae‐Wook Kang
- Department of BioinformaticsThe Moagen Inc.DaejeonKorea
| | - Taeyun Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of GastroenterologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | | | - Kyu‐Han Kim
- R&I Unit, Amorepacific CorporationGyeonggi‐doKorea
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6
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Zhao Y, Yue R. Aging adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. Biogerontology 2024; 25:53-69. [PMID: 37725294 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10067-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of population aging, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is also rising. Aging affects the tissues and organs of the whole body, which is the result of various physiological and pathological processes. Adipose tissue has a high degree of plasticity and changes with aging. Aging changes the distribution of adipose tissue, affects adipogenesis, browning characteristics, inflammatory status and adipokine secretion, and increases lipotoxicity. These age-dependent changes in adipose tissue are an important cause of insulin resistance and T2D. Understanding adipose tissue changes can help promote healthy aging process. This review summarizes changes in adipose tissue ascribable to aging, with a focus on the role of aging adipose tissue in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO. 39 Shi-Er-Qiao Road, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Maestri A, Garagnani P, Pedrelli M, Hagberg CE, Parini P, Ehrenborg E. Lipid droplets, autophagy, and ageing: A cell-specific tale. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102194. [PMID: 38218464 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are the essential organelle for storing lipids in a cell. Within the variety of the human body, different cells store, utilize and release lipids in different ways, depending on their intrinsic function. However, these differences are not well characterized and, especially in the context of ageing, represent a key factor for cardiometabolic diseases. Whole body lipid homeostasis is a central interest in the field of cardiometabolic diseases. In this review we characterize lipid droplets and their utilization via autophagy and describe their diverse fate in three cells types central in cardiometabolic dysfunctions: adipocytes, hepatocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Maestri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Cardio Metabolic Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, and Department of Medicine (Huddinge), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Medicine Unit of Endocrinology, Theme Inflammation and Ageing, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ewa Ehrenborg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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8
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Kar A, Alvarez M, Garske KM, Huang H, Lee SHT, Deal M, Das SS, Koka A, Jamal Z, Mohlke KL, Laakso M, Heinonen S, Pietiläinen KH, Pajukanta P. Age-dependent genes in adipose stem and precursor cells affect regulation of fat cell differentiation and link aging to obesity via cellular and genetic interactions. Genome Med 2024; 16:19. [PMID: 38297378 PMCID: PMC10829214 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age and obesity are dominant risk factors for several common cardiometabolic disorders, and both are known to impair adipose tissue function. However, the underlying cellular and genetic factors linking aging and obesity on adipose tissue function have remained elusive. Adipose stem and precursor cells (ASPCs) are an understudied, yet crucial adipose cell type due to their deterministic adipocyte differentiation potential, which impacts the capacity to store fat in a metabolically healthy manner. METHODS We integrated subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) bulk (n=435) and large single-nucleus RNA sequencing (n=105) data with the UK Biobank (UKB) (n=391,701) data to study age-obesity interactions originating from ASPCs by performing cell-type decomposition, differential expression testing, cell-cell communication analyses, and construction of polygenic risk scores for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS We found that the SAT ASPC proportions significantly decrease with age in an obesity-dependent way consistently in two independent cohorts, both showing that the age dependency of ASPC proportions is abolished by obesity. We further identified 76 genes (72 SAT ASPC marker genes and 4 transcription factors regulating ASPC marker genes) that are differentially expressed by age in SAT and functionally enriched for developmental processes and adipocyte differentiation (i.e., adipogenesis). The 76 age-perturbed ASPC genes include multiple negative regulators of adipogenesis, such as RORA, SMAD3, TWIST2, and ZNF521, form tight clusters of longitudinally co-expressed genes during human adipogenesis, and show age-based differences in cellular interactions between ASPCs and adipose cell types. Finally, our genetic data demonstrate that cis-regional variants of these genes interact with age as predictors of BMI in an obesity-dependent way in the large UKB, while no such gene-age interaction on BMI is observed with non-age-dependent ASPC marker genes, thus independently confirming our cellular ASPC results at the biobank level. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we discover that obesity prematurely induces a decrease in ASPC proportions and identify 76 developmentally important ASPC genes that implicate altered negative regulation of fat cell differentiation as a mechanism for aging and directly link aging to obesity via significant cellular and genetic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kar
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Marcus Alvarez
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Kristina M Garske
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Huiling Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Seung Hyuk T Lee
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Milena Deal
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Sankha Subhra Das
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Amogha Koka
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Zoeb Jamal
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HealthyWeightHub, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Gonda Center, Room 6357B, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-7088, USA.
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, USA.
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9
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Zhu C, Wang L, Nie X, Yang X, Gao K, Jiang Z. Dietary dibutyryl cAMP supplementation regulates the fat deposition in adipose tissues of finishing pigs via cAMP/PKA pathway. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:921-934. [PMID: 34871537 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.2003373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated potential mechanism of dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) on porcine fat deposition. (1) Exp.1, 72 finishing pigs were allotted to 3 treatments (0, 10 or 20 mg/kg dbcAMP) with 6 replicates. dbcAMP increased the hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) activity and expression of β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) and growth hormone receptor (GHR), but decreased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPAR-γ2) and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) in back fat. dbcAMP upregulated expression of β-AR, GHR, PPAR-γ2 and A-FABP, but decreased insulin receptor (INSR) expression in abdominal fat. Dietary dbcAMP increased HSL activity and expression of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), but decreased fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities, and expression of INSR, cAMP-response element-binding protein (C/EBP-α) and A-FABP in perirenal fat. (2) Exp. 2, dbcAMP suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of porcine preadipocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which might be associated with increased activities of cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA), and expression of GPCR, β-AR, GHR and CREB via inhibiting C/EBP-α and PPAR-γ2 expression. Collectively, dbcAMP treatment may reduce fat deposition by regulating gene expression related to adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism partially via cAMP-PKA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhu
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Nie
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Xuefen Yang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaiguo Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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11
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Wang ZZ, Li FH, Ni PS, Sun L, Zhang CK, Li BM, He JH, Yu XM, Liu YQ. Age-related changes in adipose tissue metabolomics and inflammation, cardiolipin metabolism, and ferroptosis markers in female aged rat model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:292-300. [PMID: 37320861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aging adipose tissue exhibits elevated inflammation and oxidative stress that are major sources of age-related metabolic dysfunction. However, the exact metabolic changes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress are unclear. To address this topic, we assessed variation in metabolic phenotypes of adipose tissue from 18 months adult sedentary (ASED), 26 months old sedentary (OSED), and 8 months young sedentary (YSED). The results of metabolomic analysis showed that ASED and OSED group had higher palmitic acid, elaidic acid, 1-heptadecanol, and α-tocopherol levels than YSED, but lower sarcosine levels. Furthermore, stearic acid was specifically elevated in ASED compared with YSED. Cholesterol was upregulated specifically in the OSED group compared with YSED, whereas linoleic acid was downregulated. In addition, ASED and OSED had more inflammatory cytokines, lower antioxidant capacity, and higher expression of ferroptosis-related genes than YSED. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with abnormal cardiolipin synthesis was more pronounced in the OSED group. In conclusion, both ASED and OSED can affect the FA metabolism and increase oxidative stress in adipose tissue, leading to inflammation. In particular, linoleic acid content specifically decreases in OSED, which associated with abnormal cardiolipin synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Ye J, Gao C, Liang Y, Hou Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. Characteristic and fate determination of adipose precursors during adipose tissue remodeling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37138165 PMCID: PMC10156890 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are essential for actively regulating systemic energy balance, glucose homeostasis, immune responses, reproduction, and longevity. Adipocytes maintain dynamic metabolic needs and possess heterogeneity in energy storage and supply. Overexpansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral type, is a high risk for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Changes in adipocytes, hypertrophy or hyperplasia, contribute to the remodeling of obese adipose tissues, accompanied by abundant immune cell accumulation, decreased angiogenesis, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. The process and mechanism of adipogenesis are well known, however, adipose precursors and their fate decision are only being defined with recent information available to decipher how adipose tissues generate, maintain, and remodel. Here, we discuss the key findings that identify adipose precursors phenotypically, with special emphasis on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals in instructing and regulating the fate of adipose precursors under pathophysiological conditions. We hope that the information in this review lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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13
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Cai Z, He B. Adipose tissue aging: An update on mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Metabolism 2023; 138:155328. [PMID: 36202221 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process characterized by a progressive loss of physiological integrity and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases. Adipose tissue plays central roles in the maintenance of whole-body metabolism homeostasis and has recently attracted significant attention as a biological driver of aging and age-related diseases. Here, we review the most recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying age-related decline in adipose tissue function. In particular, we focus on the complex inter-relationship between metabolism, immune, and sympathetic nervous system within adipose tissue during aging. Moreover, we discuss the rejuvenation strategies to delay aging and extend lifespan, including senescent cell ablation (senolytics), dietary intervention, physical exercise, and heterochronic parabiosis. Understanding the pathological mechanisms that underlie adipose tissue aging will be critical for the development of new intervention strategies to slow or reverse aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Cai
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ben He
- Heart Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
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14
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Palmer AK, Jensen MD. Metabolic changes in aging humans: current evidence and therapeutic strategies. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:158451. [PMID: 35968789 PMCID: PMC9374375 DOI: 10.1172/jci158451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and metabolism are inextricably linked, and many age-related changes in body composition, including increased central adiposity and sarcopenia, have underpinnings in fundamental aging processes. These age-related changes are further exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle and can be in part prevented by maintenance of activity with aging. Here we explore the age-related changes seen in individual metabolic tissues - adipose, muscle, and liver - as well as globally in older adults. We also discuss the available evidence for therapeutic interventions such as caloric restriction, resistance training, and senolytic and senomorphic drugs to maintain healthy metabolism with aging, focusing on data from human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Molecular Mechanisms of Changes in Homeostasis of the Dermal Extracellular Matrix: Both Involutional and Mediated by Ultraviolet Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126655. [PMID: 35743097 PMCID: PMC9223561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is a multi-factorial process that affects nearly every aspect of skin biology and function. With age, an impairment of structures, quality characteristics, and functions of the dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) occurs in the skin, which leads to disrupted functioning of dermal fibroblasts (DFs), the main cells supporting morphofunctional organization of the skin. The DF functioning directly depends on the state of the surrounding collagen matrix (CM). The intact collagen matrix ensures proper adhesion and mechanical tension in DFs, which allows these cells to maintain collagen homeostasis while ECM correctly regulates cellular processes. When the integrity of CM is destroyed, mechanotransduction is disrupted, which is accompanied by impairment of DF functioning and destruction of collagen homeostasis, thereby contributing to the progression of aging processes in skin tissues. This article considers in detail the processes of skin aging and associated changes in the skin layers, as well as the mechanisms of these processes at the molecular level.
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16
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Müller C, Zidek LM, Eichwald S, Kortman G, Koster MH, Calkhoven CF. Enhanced C/EBPβ function promotes hypertrophic versus hyperplastic fat tissue growth and prevents steatosis in response to high-fat diet feeding. eLife 2022; 11:62625. [PMID: 35451956 PMCID: PMC9071262 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obesity is correlated with severe metabolic and cardiovascular diseases as well as with an increased risk for developing cancers. Obesity is usually characterized by fat accumulation in enlarged – hypertrophic – adipocytes that are a source of inflammatory mediators, which promote the development and progression of metabolic disorders. Yet, in certain healthy obese individuals, fat is stored in metabolically more favorable hyperplastic fat tissue that contains an increased number of smaller adipocytes that are less inflamed. In a previous study, we demonstrated that loss of the inhibitory protein-isoform C/EBPβ-LIP and the resulting augmented function of the transactivating isoform C/EBPβ-LAP promotes fat metabolism under normal feeding conditions and expands health- and lifespan in mice. Here, we show that in mice on a high-fat diet, LIP-deficiency results in adipocyte hyperplasia associated with reduced inflammation and metabolic improvements. Furthermore, fat storage in subcutaneous depots is significantly enhanced specifically in LIP-deficient male mice. Our data identify C/EBPβ as a regulator of adipocyte fate in response to increased fat intake, which has major implications for metabolic health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Müller
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Laura M Zidek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Sabrina Eichwald
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gertrud Kortman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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17
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Ou MY, Zhang H, Tan PC, Zhou SB, Li QF. Adipose tissue aging: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:300. [PMID: 35379822 PMCID: PMC8980023 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04752-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue, which is the crucial energy reservoir and endocrine organ for the maintenance of systemic glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis, undergoes significant changes during aging. These changes cause physiological declines and age-related disease in the elderly population. Here, we review the age-related changes in adipose tissue at multiple levels and highlight the underlying mechanisms regulating the aging process. We also discuss the pathogenic pathways of age-related fat dysfunctions and their systemic negative consequences, such as dyslipidemia, chronic general inflammation, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Age-related changes in adipose tissue involve redistribution of deposits and composition, in parallel with the functional decline of adipocyte progenitors and accumulation of senescent cells. Multiple pathogenic pathways induce defective adipogenesis, inflammation, aberrant adipocytokine production, and insulin resistance, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Changes in gene expression and extracellular signaling molecules regulate the aging process of adipose tissue through various pathways. In addition, adipose tissue aging impacts other organs that are infiltrated by lipids, which leads to systemic inflammation, metabolic system disruption, and aging process acceleration. Moreover, studies have indicated that adipose aging is an early onset event in aging and a potential target to extend lifespan. Together, we suggest that adipose tissue plays a key role in the aging process and is a therapeutic target for the treatment of age-related disease, which deserves further study to advance relevant knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Ou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Poh-Ching Tan
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang-Bai Zhou
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Li
- Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Song XH, He N, Xing YT, Jin XQ, Li YW, Liu SS, Gao ZY, Guo C, Wang JJ, Huang YY, Hu H, Wang LL. A Novel Age-Related Circular RNA Circ-ATXN2 Inhibits Proliferation, Promotes Cell Death and Adipogenesis in Rat Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:761926. [PMID: 34858478 PMCID: PMC8630790 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.761926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells are promising candidates investigating the stem cell-related treatment. However, their proportion and utility in the human body decline with time, rendering stem cells incompetent to complete repair processes in vivo. The involvement of circRNAs in the aging process is poorly understood. Rat subcutaneous adipose tissue from 10-week-old and 27-month-old rats were used for hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) staining, TUNEL staining, and circRNA sequencing. Rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells were cultured and overexpressed with circ-ATXN2. Proliferation was examined using xCELLigence real-time cell analysis, EdU staining, and cell cycle assay. Apoptosis was induced by CoCl2 and examined using flow cytometry. RT-PCR assay and Oil Red O staining were used to measure adipogenesis at 48 h and 14 days, respectively. H and E staining showed that the diameter of adipocytes increased; however, the number of cells decreased in old rats. TUNEL staining showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased in old rats. A total of 4,860 and 4,952 circRNAs was detected in young and old rats, respectively. Among them, 67 circRNAs exhibited divergent expression between the two groups (fold change ≥2, p ≤ 0.05), of which 33 were upregulated (49.3%) and 34 were downregulated (50.7%). The proliferation of circ-ATXN2-overexpressing cells decreased significantly in vitro, which was further validated by xCELLigence real-time cell analysis, EdU staining, and cell cycle assay. Overexpression of circ-ATXN2 significantly increased the total apoptotic rate from 5.78 ± 0.46% to 11.97 ± 1.61%, early apoptotic rate from 1.76 ± 0.22% to 5.50 ± 0.66%, and late apoptosis rate from 4.02 ± 0.25% to 6.47 ± 1.06% in adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Furthermore, in circ-ATXN2-overexpressing cells, RT-PCR assay revealed that the expression levels of adipose differentiation-related genes PPARγ and CEBP/α were increased and the Oil Red O staining assay showed more lipid droplets. Our study revealed the expression profile of circRNAs in the adipose tissue of old rats. We found a novel age-related circular RNA—circ-ATXN2—that inhibits proliferation and promotes cell death and adipogenesis in rat adipose tissue-derived stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Hui Song
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning He
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ting Xing
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Jin
- China Medical Research Center, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ying Gao
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Core Facilities, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Le Pelletier L, Mantecon M, Gorwood J, Auclair M, Foresti R, Motterlini R, Laforge M, Atlan M, Fève B, Capeau J, Lagathu C, Bereziat V. Metformin alleviates stress-induced cellular senescence of aging human adipose stromal cells and the ensuing adipocyte dysfunction. eLife 2021; 10:62635. [PMID: 34544550 PMCID: PMC8526089 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with central fat redistribution and insulin resistance. To identify age-related adipose features, we evaluated the senescence and adipogenic potential of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs) from abdominal subcutaneous fat obtained from healthy normal-weight young (<25 years) or older women (>60 years). Increased cell passages of young-donor ASCs (in vitro aging) resulted in senescence but not oxidative stress. ASC-derived adipocytes presented impaired adipogenesis but no early mitochondrial dysfunction. Conversely, aged-donor ASCs at early passages displayed oxidative stress and mild senescence. ASC-derived adipocytes exhibited oxidative stress, and early mitochondrial dysfunction but adipogenesis was preserved. In vitro aging of aged-donor ASCs resulted in further increased senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and severe adipocyte dysfunction. When in vitro aged young-donor ASCs were treated with metformin, no alteration was alleviated. Conversely, metformin treatment of aged-donor ASCs decreased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in decreased senescence. Metformin's prevention of oxidative stress and of the resulting senescence improved the cells' adipogenic capacity and insulin sensitivity. This effect was mediated by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase as revealed by its specific inhibition and activation. Overall, aging ASC-derived adipocytes presented impaired adipogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Targeting stress-induced senescence of ASCs with metformin may improve age-related adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Le Pelletier
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Mantecon
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Gorwood
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Martine Auclair
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Mireille Laforge
- CNRS, INSERM UMRS_1124, Faculté des sciences fondamentales et biomédicales, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Michael Atlan
- AP-HP, Tenon Hospital, Department of Plastic Surgery, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fève
- AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Department of Endocrinology, PRISIS, Paris, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Claire Lagathu
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
| | - Veronique Bereziat
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), RHU CARMMA, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN), Paris, France
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20
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Age and Sex: Impact on adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 199:111563. [PMID: 34474078 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age associated chronic inflammation is a major contributor to diseases with advancing age. Adipose tissue function is at the nexus of processes contributing to age-related metabolic disease and mediating longevity. Hormonal fluctuations in aging potentially regulate age-associated visceral adiposity and metabolic dysfunction. Visceral adiposity in aging is linked to aberrant adipogenesis, insulin resistance, lipotoxicity and altered adipokine secretion. Age-related inflammatory phenomena depict sex differences in macrophage polarization, changes in T and B cell numbers, and types of dendritic cells. Sex differences are also observed in adipose tissue remodeling and cellular senescence suggesting a role for sex steroid hormones in the regulation of the adipose tissue microenvironment. It is crucial to investigate sex differences in aging clinical outcomes to identify and better understand physiology in at-risk individuals. Early interventions aimed at targets involved in adipose tissue adipogenesis, remodeling and inflammation in aging could facilitate a profound impact on health span and overcome age-related functional decline.
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21
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Nguyen HP, Lin F, Yi D, Xie Y, Dinh J, Xue P, Sul HS. Aging-dependent regulatory cells emerge in subcutaneous fat to inhibit adipogenesis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1437-1451.e3. [PMID: 33878347 PMCID: PMC8137669 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue mass and adiposity change throughout the lifespan. During aging, while visceral adipose tissue (VAT) tends to increase, peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) decreases significantly. Unlike VAT, which is linked to metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, SAT has beneficial effects. However, the molecular details behind the aging-associated loss of SAT remain unclear. Here, by comparing scRNA-seq of total stromal vascular cells of SAT from young and aging mice, we identify an aging-dependent regulatory cell (ARC) population that emerges only in SAT of aged mice and humans. ARCs express adipose progenitor markers but lack adipogenic capacity; they secrete high levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines, including Ccl6, to inhibit proliferation and differentiation of neighboring adipose precursors. We also found Pu.1 to be a driving factor for ARC development. We identify an ARC population and its capacity to inhibit differentiation of neighboring adipose precursors, correlating with aging-associated loss of SAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Frances Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ying Xie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennie Dinh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Pengya Xue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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22
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Von Bank H, Kirsh C, Simcox J. Aging adipose: Depot location dictates age-associated expansion and dysfunction. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 67:101259. [PMID: 33515751 PMCID: PMC8379680 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue has a variety of diverse functions that maintain energy homeostasis. In conditions of excess energy availability, adipose tissue increases its lipid storage and communicates the nutritional abundance to various organs in the body. In conditions of energy depletion, such as fasting, cold exposure, or prolonged exercise, triglycerides stored in adipose tissue are released as free fatty acids to support the shift to catabolic metabolism. These diverse functions of storage, communication, and energy homeostasis are shared between numerous adipose depots including subcutaneous, visceral, brown, beige, intramuscular, marrow, and dermal adipose tissue. As organisms age, the cellular composition of these depots shifts to facilitate increased inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased vasculature, and increased adipocyte quantity and lipid droplet size. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular changes that occur in various aged adipose depots and discuss their impact on physiology. The molecular signature of aged adipose leads to higher prevalence of metabolic disease in aged populations including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and certain types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helaina Von Bank
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| | - Charlie Kirsh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
| | - Judith Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA.
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23
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Dufau J, Shen JX, Couchet M, De Castro Barbosa T, Mejhert N, Massier L, Griseti E, Mouisel E, Amri EZ, Lauschke VM, Rydén M, Langin D. In vitro and ex vivo models of adipocytes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C822-C841. [PMID: 33439778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00519.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipocytes are specialized cells with pleiotropic roles in physiology and pathology. Several types of fat cells with distinct metabolic properties coexist in various anatomically defined fat depots in mammals. White, beige, and brown adipocytes differ in their handling of lipids and thermogenic capacity, promoting differences in size and morphology. Moreover, adipocytes release lipids and proteins with paracrine and endocrine functions. The intrinsic properties of adipocytes pose specific challenges in culture. Mature adipocytes float in suspension culture due to high triacylglycerol content and are fragile. Moreover, a fully differentiated state, notably acquirement of the unilocular lipid droplet of white adipocyte, has so far not been reached in two-dimensional culture. Cultures of mouse and human-differentiated preadipocyte cell lines and primary cells have been established to mimic white, beige, and brown adipocytes. Here, we survey various models of differentiated preadipocyte cells and primary mature adipocyte survival describing main characteristics, culture conditions, advantages, and limitations. An important development is the advent of three-dimensional culture, notably of adipose spheroids that recapitulate in vivo adipocyte function and morphology in fat depots. Challenges for the future include isolation and culture of adipose-derived stem cells from different anatomic location in animal models and humans differing in sex, age, fat mass, and pathophysiological conditions. Further understanding of fat cell physiology and dysfunction will be achieved through genetic manipulation, notably CRISPR-mediated gene editing. Capturing adipocyte heterogeneity at the single-cell level within a single fat depot will be key to understanding diversities in cardiometabolic parameters among lean and obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufau
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mejhert
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Massier
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Griseti
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Mouisel
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine (H7), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), UMR1297, Toulouse, France.,Faculté de Médecine, I2MC, UMR1297, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse University Hospitals, Department of Biochemistry, Toulouse, France
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24
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Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Is Adipose Tissue the Fountain of Youth? The Impact of Adipose Stem Cell Aging on Metabolic Homeostasis, Longevity, and Cell-Based Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1286:225-250. [PMID: 33725357 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55035-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is driven by four interlinked processes: (1) low-grade sterile inflammation; (2) macromolecular and organelle dysfunction, including DNA damage, telomere erosion, and mitochondrial dysfunction; (3) stem cell dysfunction; and (4) an accumulation of senescent cells in tissues. Adipose tissue is not immune to the effects of time, and all four of these processes contribute to a decline of adipose tissue function with advanced age. This decline is associated with an increase in metabolic disorders. Conversely, optimally functioning adipose tissue generates signals that promote longevity. As tissue-resident progenitor cells that actively participate in adipose tissue homeostasis and dysregulation, adipose stem cells (ASCs) have emerged as a key feature in the relationship between age and adipose tissue function. This review will give a mechanistic overview of the myriad ways in which age affects ASC function and, conversely, how ASC function contribute to healthspan and lifespan. A central mediator in this relationship is the degree of resilience of ASCs to maintain stemness into advanced age and the consequent preservation of adipose tissue function, in particular subcutaneous fat. The last sections of this review will discuss therapeutic options that target senescent ASCs to extend healthspan and lifespan, as well as ASC-based therapies that can be used to treat age-related pathologies, and collectively, these therapeutic applications may transform the way we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Parow, South Africa.
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25
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Spinelli R, Parrillo L, Longo M, Florese P, Desiderio A, Zatterale F, Miele C, Raciti GA, Beguinot F. Molecular basis of ageing in chronic metabolic diseases. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1373-1389. [PMID: 32358737 PMCID: PMC7481162 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Over the last decades, the shift in age distribution towards older ages and the progressive ageing which has occurred in most populations have been paralleled by a global epidemic of obesity and its related metabolic disorders, primarily, type 2 diabetes (T2D). Dysfunction of the adipose tissue (AT) is widely recognized as a significant hallmark of the ageing process that, in turn, results in systemic metabolic alterations. These include insulin resistance, accumulation of ectopic lipids and chronic inflammation, which are responsible for an elevated risk of obesity and T2D onset associated to ageing. On the other hand, obesity and T2D, the paradigms of AT dysfunction, share many physiological characteristics with the ageing process, such as an increased burden of senescent cells and epigenetic alterations. Thus, these chronic metabolic disorders may represent a state of accelerated ageing. MATERIALS AND METHODS A more precise explanation of the fundamental ageing mechanisms that occur in AT and a deeper understanding of their role in the interplay between accelerated ageing and AT dysfunction can be a fundamental leap towards novel therapies that address the causes, not just the symptoms, of obesity and T2D, utilizing strategies that target either senescent cells or DNA methylation. RESULTS In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the pathways that lead to AT dysfunction in the chronological ageing process as well as the pathophysiology of obesity and T2D, emphasizing the critical role of cellular senescence and DNA methylation. CONCLUSION Finally, we highlight the need for further research focused on targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Spinelli
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - L Parrillo
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - M Longo
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - P Florese
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - A Desiderio
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Zatterale
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - C Miele
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - G Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - F Beguinot
- Department of Translation Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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Martínez-Sánchez N. There and Back Again: Leptin Actions in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176039. [PMID: 32839413 PMCID: PMC7503240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone discovered almost 30 years ago with important implications in metabolism. It is primarily produced by white adipose tissue (WAT) in proportion to the amount of fat. The discovery of leptin was a turning point for two principle reasons: on one hand, it generated promising expectations for the treatment of the obesity, and on the other, it changed the classical concept that white adipose tissue was simply an inert storage organ. Thus, adipocytes in WAT produce the majority of leptin and, although its primary role is the regulation of fat stores by controlling lipolysis and lipogenesis, this hormone also has implications in other physiological processes within WAT, such as apoptosis, browning and inflammation. Although a massive number of questions related to leptin actions have been answered, the necessity for further clarification facilitates constantly renewing interest in this hormone and its pathways. In this review, leptin actions in white adipose tissue will be summarized in the context of obesity.
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27
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Frasca D, Blomberg BB. Adipose tissue, immune aging, and cellular senescence. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:573-587. [PMID: 32785750 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents a serious health problem as it is rapidly increasing worldwide. Obesity is associated with reduced healthspan and lifespan, decreased responses to infections and vaccination, and increased frequency of inflammatory conditions typical of old age. Obesity is characterized by increased fat mass and remodeling of the adipose tissue (AT). In this review, we summarize published data on the different types of AT present in mice and humans, and their roles as fat storage as well as endocrine and immune tissues. We review the age-induced changes, including those in the distribution of fat in the body, in abundance and function of adipocytes and their precursors, and in the infiltration of immune cells from the peripheral blood. We also show that cells with a senescent-associated secretory phenotype accumulate in the AT of mice and humans with age, where they secrete several factors involved in the establishment and maintenance of local inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, tissue remodeling, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells. Not only adipocytes and pre-adipocytes but also immune cells show a senescent phenotype in the AT. With the increase in human lifespan, it is crucial to identify strategies of intervention and target senescent cells in the AT to reduce local and systemic inflammation and the development of age-associated diseases. Several studies have indeed shown that senescent cells can be effectively targeted in the AT by selectively removing them or by inhibiting the pathways that lead to the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Frasca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Bonnie B Blomberg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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28
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Álvaro-Afonso FJ, Sanz-Corbalán I, Lázaro-Martínez JL, Kakagia D, Papanas N. Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Angiology 2020; 71:853-863. [PMID: 32723090 DOI: 10.1177/0003319720939467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an outline of the use of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane database was performed on October 2, 2019. Eighteen studies were identified (14 preclinical and 4 clinical). Studies in animal models have demonstrated that AMSCs enhance diabetic wound healing, accelerate granulation tissue formation, and increase reepithelialization and neovascularization. Only 1 randomized control trial has been published so far. Patients (n = 25) with DFUs were treated using an allogeneic AMSC directly on the wound bed as a primary dressing, and improvements were found in complete wound closure in the treatment group (n = 16). Three clinical studies showed that autologous AMSC might be a safe alternative to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease. Based on the available evidence, AMSCs hold promise in the treatment of DFUs. However, this evidence requires confirmation by well-designed trials. Additional studies are also required to understand some issues regarding this treatment for DFUs. For example, the potential application of autologous or allogeneic AMSCs in different types of DFUs, optimal dose/infusion schedules, safety evaluations, and cost-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Álvaro-Afonso
- Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatric Clinic, Edificio Facultad de Medicina, 16734Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sanz-Corbalán
- Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatric Clinic, Edificio Facultad de Medicina, 16734Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Lázaro-Martínez
- Diabetic Foot Unit, University Podiatric Clinic, Edificio Facultad de Medicina, 16734Complutense University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Despoina Kakagia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Greece
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29
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Zhou Q, Wan Q, Jiang Y, Liu J, Qiang L, Sun L. A Landscape of Murine Long Non-Coding RNAs Reveals the Leading Transcriptome Alterations in Adipose Tissue during Aging. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107694. [PMID: 32460027 PMCID: PMC7603645 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an inevitable process that involves profound physiological changes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in various biological processes but are not systemically studied in aging. To provide an organism-wide lncRNA landscape during aging, we conduct comprehensive RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses across the mouse lifespan. Of the 1,675 aging-regulated lncRNAs (AR-lncRNAs) identified, the majority are connected to inflammation-related biological pathways. AR-lncRNAs exhibit high tissue specificity; conversely, those with higher tissue specificity are preferentially regulated during aging. White adipose tissue (WAT) displays the highest number of AR-lncRNAs and develops the most dynamic crosstalk between AR-lncRNA and AR-mRNA during aging. An adipose-enriched AR-lncRNA, lnc-adipoAR1, is negatively correlated with aging, and knocking it down inhibits adipogenesis, phenocopying the compromised adipogenic capacity of aged fat. Our works together reveal AR-lncRNAs as essential components in aging and suggest that although each tissue ages in a distinct manner, WAT is a leading contributor to aging-related health decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuzhong Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yuxi Jiang
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China; School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Lei Sun
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore.
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30
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Goh KJ, Chen JH, Rocha N, Semple RK. Human pluripotent stem cell-based models suggest preadipocyte senescence as a possible cause of metabolic complications of Werner and Bloom Syndromes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7490. [PMID: 32367056 PMCID: PMC7198505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Werner Syndrome (WS) and Bloom Syndrome (BS) are disorders of DNA damage repair caused by biallelic disruption of the WRN or BLM DNA helicases respectively. Both are commonly associated with insulin resistant diabetes, usually accompanied by dyslipidemia and fatty liver, as seen in lipodystrophies. In keeping with this, progressive reduction of subcutaneous adipose tissue is commonly observed. To interrogate the underlying cause of adipose tissue dysfunction in these syndromes, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing was used to generate human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lacking either functional WRN or BLM helicase. No deleterious effects were observed in WRN−/− or BLM−/− embryonic stem cells, however upon their differentiation into adipocyte precursors (AP), premature senescence emerged, impairing later stages of adipogenesis. The resulting adipocytes were also found to be senescent, with increased levels of senescent markers and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. SASP components initiate and reinforce senescence in adjacent cells, which is likely to create a positive feedback loop of cellular senescence within the adipocyte precursor compartment, as demonstrated in normal ageing. Such a scenario could progressively attenuate adipose mass and function, giving rise to “lipodystrophy-like” insulin resistance. Further assessment of pharmacological senolytic strategies are warranted to mitigate this component of Werner and Bloom syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Jee Goh
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nuno Rocha
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK. .,The National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK. .,Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Gorwood J, Ejlalmanesh T, Bourgeois C, Mantecon M, Rose C, Atlan M, Desjardins D, Le Grand R, Fève B, Lambotte O, Capeau J, Béréziat V, Lagathu C. SIV Infection and the HIV Proteins Tat and Nef Induce Senescence in Adipose Tissue and Human Adipose Stem Cells, Resulting in Adipocyte Dysfunction. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040854. [PMID: 32244726 PMCID: PMC7226797 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aging is characterized by adipose tissue senescence, inflammation, and fibrosis, with trunk fat accumulation. Aging HIV-infected patients have a higher risk of trunk fat accumulation than uninfected individuals—suggesting that viral infection has a role in adipose tissue aging. We previously demonstrated that HIV/SIV infection and the Tat and Nef viral proteins were responsible for adipose tissue fibrosis and impaired adipogenesis. We hypothesized that SIV/HIV infection and viral proteins could induce adipose tissue senescence and thus lead to adipocyte dysfunctions. Methods: Features of tissue senescence were evaluated in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues of SIV-infected macaques and in human adipose stem cells (ASCs) exposed to Tat or Nef for up to 30 days. Results: p16 expression and p53 activation were higher in adipose tissue of SIV-infected macaques than in control macaques, indicating adipose tissue senescence. Tat and Nef induced higher senescence in ASCs, characterized by higher levels of senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, p16 expression, and p53 activation vs. control cells. Treatment with Tat and Nef also induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Prevention of oxidative stress (using N-acetyl-cysteine) reduced senescence in ASCs. Adipocytes having differentiated from Nef-treated ASCs displayed alterations in adipogenesis with lower levels of triglyceride accumulation and adipocyte marker expression and secretion, and insulin resistance. Conclusion: HIV/SIV promotes adipose tissue senescence, which in turn may alter adipocyte function and contribute to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gorwood
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Tina Ejlalmanesh
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- Immunology of Viral infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, U1184, INSERM-CEA-Université Paris Sud 11, F-92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses and F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.B.); (O.L.)
| | - Matthieu Mantecon
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Cindy Rose
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Michael Atlan
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
- Plastic Surgery Department, Tenon Hospital, AP-HP, F-75020 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Desjardins
- IDMIT Department, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Inserm, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (D.D.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Roger Le Grand
- IDMIT Department, Center for Immunology of Viral Infections and Autoimmune Diseases, Inserm, CEA, Université Paris Saclay, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; (D.D.); (R.L.G.)
| | - Bruno Fève
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
- Diabétologie et Reproduction, PRISIS, Service d’Endocrinologie, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Immunology of Viral infections and Autoimmune Diseases, IDMIT Department, IBFJ, U1184, INSERM-CEA-Université Paris Sud 11, F-92260 Fontenay-Aux-Roses and F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.B.); (O.L.)
- Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris Sud, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP, F-94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jacqueline Capeau
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
| | - Véronique Béréziat
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (C.L.); Tel.: +33140011321 (V.B.)
| | - Claire Lagathu
- Lipodystrophies, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptation, and Aging, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine-Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire de Cardiométabolisme et Nutrition (ICAN), INSERM, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (J.G.); (T.E.); (M.M.); (C.R.); (M.A.); (B.F.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (V.B.); (C.L.); Tel.: +33140011321 (V.B.)
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Emerging Role of C/EBPβ and Epigenetic DNA Methylation in Ageing. Trends Genet 2020; 36:71-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Obesity is characterized by increased adipose tissue mass and has been associated with a strong predisposition towards metabolic diseases and cancer. Thus, it constitutes a public health issue of major proportion. The expansion of adipose depots can be driven either by the increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) or by the formation of new adipocytes from precursor differentiation in the process of adipogenesis (hyperplasia). Notably, adipocyte expansion through adipogenesis can offset the negative metabolic effects of obesity, and the mechanisms and regulators of this adaptive process are now emerging. Over the past several years, we have learned a considerable amount about how adipocyte fate is determined and how adipogenesis is regulated by signalling and systemic factors. We have also gained appreciation that the adipogenic niche can influence tissue adipogenic capability. Approaches aimed at increasing adipogenesis over adipocyte hypertrophy can now be explored as a means to treat metabolic diseases.
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Zhang L, Zhou F, Yu X, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Wang W, Chen N. C/EBPα deficiency in podocytes aggravates podocyte senescence and kidney injury in aging mice. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:684. [PMID: 31527620 PMCID: PMC6746733 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney aging leads to an increased incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the elderly, and aging is a complex biological process controlled by signaling pathways and transcription factors. Podocyte senescence plays a central role in injury resulting from kidney aging. Here, we demonstrated the critical role of C/EBPα in podocyte senescence and kidney aging by generating a genetically modified mouse model of chronological aging in which C/EBPα was selectively deleted in podocytes and by overexpressing C/EBPα in cultured podocytes, in which premature senescence was induced by treatment with adriamycin. Moreover, we illuminated the mechanisms by which podocyte senescence causes tubular impairment by stimulating HK-2 cells with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chloroquine. Our findings suggest that C/EBPα knockout in podocytes aggravates podocyte senescence through the AMPK/mTOR pathway, leading to glomerulosclerosis, and that subsequent albuminuria exacerbates the epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation of senescent tubular cells by suppressing autophagy. These observations highlight the importance of C/EBPα as a new potential target in kidney aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xialian Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yunzi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingyang Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China.
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China.
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, P.R. China
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Broekema M, Savage D, Monajemi H, Kalkhoven E. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in lipodystrophy: Lessons learned from natural PPARγ mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:715-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Characterization and Optimization of the Seeding Process of Adipose Stem Cells on the Polycaprolactone Scaffolds. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:1201927. [PMID: 30915123 PMCID: PMC6402208 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1201927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for bone injury therapy. Lipoaspirates were collected from the abdomen regions of 17 healthy female donors (mean age 49 ± 6 years) using Coleman technique or Body-jet liposuction. In the present study, the primary objective was the in vitro characteristics of human ASCs. The secondary objective was the optimization of the cell seeding process on 3D-printed scaffolds using polycaprolactone (PCL) or polycaprolactone covered with tricalcium phosphate (PCL + 5% TCP). Biological evaluation of human ASC showed high efficiency of isolation obtaining a satisfying amount of homogeneous cell populations. Results suggest that ASCs can be cultured in vitro for a long time without impairing their proliferative capacity. Growth kinetics shows that the highest number of cells can be achieved in passage 5 and after the 16th passage; there is a significant decrease of cell numbers and their proliferative potential. The percentage of colony forming units from the adipose stem cells is 8% ± 0.63% (p < 0.05). It was observed that the accumulation of calcium phosphate in the cells in vitro, marked with Alizarin Red S, was increased along with the next passage. Analysis of key parameters critically related to the cell seeding process shows that volume of cell suspension and propagation time greatly improve the efficiency of seeding both in PCL and PCL + 5% TCP scaffolds. The cell seeding efficiency did differ significantly between scaffold materials and cell seeding methods (p < 0.001). Increased seeding efficiency was observed when using the saturation of cell suspension into scaffolds with additional incubation. Alkaline phosphatase level production in PCL + 5% TCP scaffold was better than in PCL-only scaffold. The study results can be used for the optimization of the seeding process and quantification methods determining the successful implementation of the preclinical model study in the future tissue engineering strategies.
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Mancuso P, Bouchard B. The Impact of Aging on Adipose Function and Adipokine Synthesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:137. [PMID: 30915034 PMCID: PMC6421296 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last 40 years, there has been a world-wide increase in both the prevalence of obesity and an increase in the number of persons over the age of 60 due to a decline in deaths from infectious disease and the nutrition transition in low and middle income nations. While the increase in the elderly population indicates improvements in global public health, this population may experience a diminished quality of life due to the negative impacts of obesity on age-associated inflammation. Aging alters adipose tissue composition and function resulting in insulin resistance and ectopic lipid storage. A reduction in brown adipose tissue activity, declining sex hormones levels, and abdominal adipose tissue expansion occur with advancing years through the redistribution of lipids from the subcutaneous to the visceral fat compartment. These changes in adipose tissue function and distribution influence the secretion of adipose tissue derived hormones, or adipokines, that promote a chronic state of low-grade systemic inflammation. Ultimately, obesity accelerates aging by enhancing inflammation and increasing the risk of age-associated diseases. The focus of this review is the impact of aging on adipose tissue distribution and function and how these effects influence the elaboration of pro and anti-inflammatory adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mancuso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Graduate Program in Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Peter Mancuso
| | - Benjamin Bouchard
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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38
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Darcy J, Bartke A. From White to Brown - Adipose Tissue Is Critical to the Extended Lifespan and Healthspan of Growth Hormone Mutant Mice. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1178:207-225. [PMID: 31493229 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-25650-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is a metabolic hormone that has major functions in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue (AT). In the past 20 years, numerous studies have demonstrated that decreased growth hormone (GH) action is clearly linked to alterations in longevity. Therefore, it is not surprising that mechanisms underlying the extended longevity of GH-mutant animals include alterations in AT function. This Review aims to describe the basics of AT biology, GH secretion and action, and the effects of altered GH signaling in mice and humans. Lastly, this Review discusses the intersection of GH and AT, and how the influence of GH on AT may play a critical role in determining lifespan and healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Darcy
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL, USA
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39
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He J, Tu C, Liu Y. Role of lncRNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Aging Med (Milton) 2018; 1:158-175. [PMID: 31942494 PMCID: PMC6880696 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is progressive physiological degeneration and consequently declined function, which is linked to senescence on both cellular and organ levels. Accumulating studies indicate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in cellular senescence at all levels-transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational. Understanding the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs underlying senescence could facilitate interpretation and intervention of aging and age-related diseases. In this review, we describe categories of known and novel lncRNAs that have been involved in the progression of senescence. We also identify the lncRNAs implicated in diseases arising from age-driven degeneration or dysfunction in some representative organs and systems (brains, liver, muscle, cardiovascular system, bone pancreatic islets, and immune system). Improved comprehension of lncRNAs in the aging process on all levels, from cell to organismal, may provide new insights into the amelioration of age-related pathologies and prolonged healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of GeriatricsThe Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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40
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Methods of Isolation, Characterization and Expansion of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs): An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071897. [PMID: 29958391 PMCID: PMC6073397 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the increasing interest in adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine, optimization of methods aimed at isolation, characterization, expansion and evaluation of differentiation potential is critical to ensure (a) the quality of stem cells also in terms of genetic stability; (b) the reproducibility of beneficial effects; and (c) the safety of their use. Numerous studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms that regulate ASC proliferation, growth and differentiation, however standard protocols about harvesting and processing techniques are not yet defined. It is also important to note that some steps in the procedures of harvesting and/or processing have been reported to affect recovery and/or the physiology of ASCs. Even considering the great opportunity that the ASCs provide for the identification of novel molecular targets for new or old drugs, the definition of homogeneous preparation methods that ensure adequate quality assurance and control, in accordance with current GMPs (good manufacturing practices), is required. Here, we summarize the literature reports to provide a detailed overview of the methodological issues underlying human ASCs isolation, processing, characterization, expansion, differentiation techniques, recalling at the same time their basilar principles, advantages and limits, in particular focusing on how these procedures could affect the ASC quality, functionality and plasticity.
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41
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Schäfer A, Mekker B, Mallick M, Vastolo V, Karaulanov E, Sebastian D, von der Lippen C, Epe B, Downes DJ, Scholz C, Niehrs C. Impaired DNA demethylation of C/EBP sites causes premature aging. Genes Dev 2018; 32:742-762. [PMID: 29884649 PMCID: PMC6049513 DOI: 10.1101/gad.311969.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, Schäfer et al. investigated whether DNA methylation alterations are involved in aging. Using knockout mice for adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET methylcytosine dioxygenases Gadd45a and Ing1, they show that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Changes in DNA methylation are among the best-documented epigenetic alterations accompanying organismal aging. However, whether and how altered DNA methylation is causally involved in aging have remained elusive. GADD45α (growth arrest and DNA damage protein 45A) and ING1 (inhibitor of growth family member 1) are adapter proteins for site-specific demethylation by TET (ten-eleven translocation) methylcytosine dioxygenases. Here we show that Gadd45a/Ing1 double-knockout mice display segmental progeria and phenocopy impaired energy homeostasis and lipodystrophy characteristic of Cebp (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein) mutants. Correspondingly, GADD45α occupies C/EBPβ/δ-dependent superenhancers and, cooperatively with ING1, promotes local DNA demethylation via long-range chromatin loops to permit C/EBPβ recruitment. The results indicate that enhancer methylation can affect aging and imply that C/EBP proteins play an unexpected role in this process. Our study suggests a causal nexus between DNA demethylation, metabolism, and organismal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schäfer
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Carina von der Lippen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernd Epe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Damien J Downes
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Carola Scholz
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Division of Molecular Embryology, German Cancer Research Center-Center for Molecular Biology (DKFZ-ZMBH) Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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42
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Müller C, Zidek LM, Ackermann T, de Jong T, Liu P, Kliche V, Zaini MA, Kortman G, Harkema L, Verbeek DS, Tuckermann JP, von Maltzahn J, de Bruin A, Guryev V, Wang ZQ, Calkhoven CF. Reduced expression of C/EBPβ-LIP extends health and lifespan in mice. eLife 2018; 7:34985. [PMID: 29708496 PMCID: PMC5986274 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with physical decline and the development of age-related diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer. Few conditions are known that attenuate the adverse effects of ageing, including calorie restriction (CR) and reduced signalling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Synthesis of the metabolic transcription factor C/EBPβ-LIP is stimulated by mTORC1, which critically depends on a short upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the Cebpb-mRNA. Here, we describe that reduced C/EBPβ-LIP expression due to genetic ablation of the uORF delays the development of age-associated phenotypes in mice. Moreover, female C/EBPβΔuORF mice display an extended lifespan. Since LIP levels increase upon aging in wild type mice, our data reveal an important role for C/EBPβ in the aging process and suggest that restriction of LIP expression sustains health and fitness. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting C/EBPβ-LIP may offer new possibilities to treat age-related diseases and to prolong healthspan. The risks of major diseases including type II diabetes, cancer and Alzheimer’s are linked to the biological process of ageing. By finding ways to slow ageing, we can help more people to live longer healthier lives while avoiding these illnesses. Placing some animals on a diet that contains only two-thirds as many calories as they would normally eat can improve their fitness during old age and delay the onset of many age-related problems. It is unrealistic to expect people to control their diet to this extent, yet there may be other ways to bring about the same effects. Calorie restriction affects the activity of many different genes; for example, it causes a gene that produces a protein known as Liver-enriched Inhibitory Protein (LIP for short) to shut down. LIP controls the activity of many genes involved in metabolism, so it could be a key target for drugs to control ageing. Müller, Zidek et al. used mice that are unable to produce LIP to study this protein’s effect on ageing. The life expectancy of female mice lacking LIP increased by up to 20%. These mice were leaner, fitter, more resistant to cancer, had stronger immune systems and controlled their blood sugar levels better than normal mice. Male mice that lacked LIP did not live longer but did experience some ageing-related benefits. Genetic analysis also showed that gene activity particularly of metabolic genes is more robust in old female LIP-deficient mice and thus more similar to young control mice than old control mice. The results presented by Müller, Zidek et al. suggest that targeting the activity of the LIP gene could help to slow the ageing process. It is not yet clear whether shutting off LIP has similar beneficial effects in humans. Further research is also needed to investigate why female mice gain more benefits from a lack of LIP than males do.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Müller
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Laura M Zidek
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Ackermann
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tristan de Jong
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Kliche
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohamad Amr Zaini
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gertrud Kortman
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Harkema
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dineke S Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan P Tuckermann
- Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Alain de Bruin
- Dutch Molecular Pathology Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Victor Guryev
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Cornelis F Calkhoven
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
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43
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Brun C, Ly Ka So S, Maginiot F, Bensussan A, Michel L, Larghero J, Wong H, Oddos T, Cras A. Intrinsically aged dermal fibroblasts fail to differentiate into adipogenic lineage. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:906-909. [PMID: 27194418 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécilia Brun
- Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Centre de Recherche, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France (JJSBF), Val de Reuil, France
| | - Sophie Ly Ka So
- Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | | | - Armand Bensussan
- Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie, INSERM U976, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Michel
- Centre de Recherche en Dermatologie, INSERM U976, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.
| | - Jérôme Larghero
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, APHP, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, INSERM UMR1160 et CIC de Biothérapies CICBT501, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Wong
- Centre de Recherche, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France (JJSBF), Val de Reuil, France
| | - Thierry Oddos
- Centre de Recherche, Johnson & Johnson Santé Beauté France (JJSBF), Val de Reuil, France
| | - Audrey Cras
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, APHP, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM UMR1140, Paris, France
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44
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Hoffman JM, Sideri A, Ruiz JJ, Stavrakis D, Shih DQ, Turner JR, Pothoulakis C, Karagiannides I. Mesenteric Adipose-derived Stromal Cells From Crohn's Disease Patients Induce Protective Effects in Colonic Epithelial Cells and Mice With Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:1-16. [PMID: 29928668 PMCID: PMC6008259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mesenteric adipose tissue hyperplasia is a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD). Recently, we showed that mesenteric adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) from CD, ulcerative colitis, and control patients synthesize and release adipokines in a disease-dependent manner. Here we examined the expression profiles of CD and control patient-derived mesenteric ADSCs and studied the effects of their extracellular mediators on colonocyte signaling in vitro and experimental colitis in vivo. ADSCs were isolated from mesenteric fat of control and CD patients. Microarray profiling and network analysis were performed in ADSCs and human colonocytes treated with conditioned media from cultured ADSCs. Mice with acute colitis received daily injections of conditioned media from patient-derived ADSCs, vehicle, or apolactoferrin. Proliferative responses were evaluated in conditioned media-treated colonocytes and mouse colonic epithelium. Total protein was isolated from cultured colonocytes after treatment with apolactoferrin for Western blot analysis of phosphorylated intracellular signaling kinases. Microarray profiling revealed differential mRNA expression in CD patient-derived ADSCs compared with controls, including lactoferrin. Administration of CD patient-derived medium or apolactoferrin increased colonocyte proliferation compared with controls. Conditioned media from CD patient-derived ADSCs or apolactoferrin attenuated colitis severity in mice and enhanced colonocyte proliferation in vivo. ADSCs from control and CD patients show disease-dependent inflammatory responses and alter colonic epithelial cell signaling in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate lactoferrin production by adipose tissue, specifically mesenteric ADSCs. We suggest that mesenteric ADSC-derived lactoferrin may mediate protective effects and participate in the pathophysiology of CD by promoting colonocyte proliferation and the resolution of inflammation.
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Key Words
- ADSC, adipose-derived stromal cell
- CD, Crohn’s disease
- DSS, dextran sodium sulfate
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IBS, irritable bowel syndrome
- IL, interleukin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Intestinal Epithelium
- Mesenteric Adipose Tissue
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Preadipocytes
- RT, reverse-transcriptase
- TNBS, trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- i.c., intracolonic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M. Hoffman
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Jill Hoffman, PhD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL Building 1220, Los Angeles, California 90095. fax: (310) 825-3542
| | - Aristea Sideri
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan J. Ruiz
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dimitris Stavrakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Q. Shih
- Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jerrold R. Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charalabos Pothoulakis
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Iordanes Karagiannides
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Iordanes Karagiannides, PhD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 675 Charles E. Young Drive South, MRL Building 1220, Los Angeles, California 90095. fax: (310) 825-3542.
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Stout MB, Justice JN, Nicklas BJ, Kirkland JL. Physiological Aging: Links Among Adipose Tissue Dysfunction, Diabetes, and Frailty. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:9-19. [PMID: 27927801 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00012.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age is associated with progressive declines in physiological function that lead to overt chronic disease, frailty, and eventual mortality. Importantly, age-related physiological changes occur in cellularity, insulin-responsiveness, secretory profiles, and inflammatory status of adipose tissue, leading to adipose tissue dysfunction. Although the mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction are multifactorial, the consequences result in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, immune cell infiltration, an accumulation of senescent cells, and an increase in senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). These processes synergistically promote chronic sterile inflammation, insulin resistance, and lipid redistribution away from subcutaneous adipose tissue. Without intervention, these effects contribute to age-related systemic metabolic dysfunction, physical limitations, and frailty. Thus adipose tissue dysfunction may be a fundamental contributor to the elevated risk of chronic disease, disability, and adverse health outcomes with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Stout
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - Barbara J Nicklas
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina; and
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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A screening strategy for the discovery of drugs that reduce C/EBPβ-LIP translation with potential calorie restriction mimetic properties. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42603. [PMID: 28198412 PMCID: PMC5309760 DOI: 10.1038/srep42603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An important part of the beneficial effects of calorie restriction (CR) on healthspan and lifespan is mediated through regulation of protein synthesis that is under control of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). As one of its activities, mTORC1 stimulates translation into the metabolic transcription factor CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) isoform Liver-specific Inhibitory Protein (LIP). Regulation of LIP expression strictly depends on a translation re-initiation event that requires a conserved cis-regulatory upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the C/EBPβ-mRNA. We showed before that suppression of LIP in mice, reflecting reduced mTORC1-signaling at the C/EBPβ level, results in CR-type of metabolic improvements. Hence, we aim to find possibilities to pharmacologically down-regulate LIP in order to induce CR-mimetic effects. We engineered a luciferase-based cellular reporter system that acts as a surrogate for C/EBPβ-mRNA translation, emulating uORF-dependent C/EBPβ-LIP expression under different translational conditions. By using the reporter system in a high-throughput screening (HTS) strategy we identified drugs that reduce LIP. The drug Adefovir Dipivoxil passed all counter assays and increases fatty acid β-oxidation in a hepatoma cell line in a LIP-dependent manner. Therefore, these drugs that suppress translation into LIP potentially exhibit CR-mimetic properties.
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Mangrum KS, Tuttle G, Duckett SK, Sell GS, Krehbiel CR, Long NM. The effect of supplementing rumen undegradable unsaturated fatty acids on marbling in early-weaned steers. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:833-44. [PMID: 27065154 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if supplementation with a rumen undegradable unsaturated fatty acids (FA) source improved marbling deposition in early-weaned steers. All steers (Angus, = 23; Angus × Hereford, = 24) were weaned at 150 ± 5 d of age. Steers were blocked by BW and breed and then randomly assigned to either control (CON; average 1.5 kg of corn gluten feed [CGF], = 23) or isocaloric supplementation containing a rumen undegradable fat source (RUF; 200 g of Megalac-R added to an average of 1.06 kg of CGF, = 24) offered 5 d/wk for 110 d. All steers had ad libitum access to pastures throughout treatment and received supplements individually. Steer BW and blood samples were collected at 0, 55, and 110 d of supplementation, and real-time ultrasound measurements were collected at d 110. Following treatment, steers were transported to Oklahoma State University for finishing and subsequent harvesting at a commercial plant. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS either as repeated measures or ANOVA depending on parameters. There were no significant changes in BW from the beginning of treatment to harvest due to treatment. Ultrasound data showed that RUF steers tended ( = 0.08) to have more i.m. fat than CON at d 110. Serum concentrations of FA showed a treatment × day interaction ( < 0.02) for 16:0, 18:0, 18:1-9, 18:2, 20:4, and total FA. These specific FA concentrations slightly increased in CON steers, but there was a more pronounced increase in the concentration of these FA across the supplementation period in RUF steers. Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were increased ( < 0.01) on d 55 and 110 in RUF steers compared with those in CON steers. Serum leptin concentration in RUF steers was greater ( < 0.01) than CON steers at d 110. After harvest, RUF carcasses had greater ( = 0.01) marbling scores than those of CON carcasses. All other carcass measures were similar between treatments. The percentage of total lipids was increased ( = 0.011) in steaks from RUF compared to CON. There was a decrease ( < 0.05) in adipocyte diameter in i.m. fat depot of RUF steers compared to CON. There was also a tendency ( = 0.06) for RUF steers to have a greater percentage of 20 to 30 μm adipocytes in their i.m. depot than CON steers. This study indicates that supplementation of unsaturated FA can positively impact marbling deposition in early-weaned steers without impacting other carcass measures.
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Taleb-Belkadi O, Chaib H, Zemour L, Fatah A, Chafi B, Mekki K. Lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative status in peri- and postmenopausal women. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:982-985. [PMID: 27558905 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1214257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of perimenopause and postmenopause on lipid profile, inflammation, and oxidative stress in women. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 117 women (47 ± 6 years) classified as perimenopausal (n = 47), postmenopausal (n = 40), or non-menopausal (n = 30). In serum, we analyzed lipid profile, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Pro-oxidant status was assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyls. Antioxidant defense was performed by analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. RESULTS Compared to non-menopausal women, triacylglycerols (TG) were similar, total cholesterol and LDL-C were higher in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, while HDL-C concentrations were decreased. TNF-α and IL-1α were higher in postmenopausal women, while CRP concentrations were elevated in both peri-and postmenopausal women (p < 0.05). TBARS and carbonyls were increased in peri- and postmenopausal women (p < 0.05). SOD and CAT activities were decreased in postmenopausal women (p < 0.05) and elevated in perimenopausal women. CONCLUSION Menopausal transition and postmenopause were associated with dyslipidemia, inflammation, and unbalanced oxidative status exposing women to cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouarda Taleb-Belkadi
- a Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella , Oran , Algérie
| | - Hadjer Chaib
- a Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella , Oran , Algérie
| | - Lakhdar Zemour
- b Service d'épidémiologie, Etablissement Hospitalier Universitaire Oran , Oran , Algérie
| | - Azzedine Fatah
- c Direction de la santé et de la population d'Oran , Oran , Algérie , and
| | - Belkacem Chafi
- d Service de Maternité. Etablissement Hospitalier Universitaire Oran , Oran , Algérie
| | - Khedidja Mekki
- a Laboratoire de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolique, Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie , Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella , Oran , Algérie
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Castro JP, Grune T, Speckmann B. The two faces of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipocyte function and dysfunction. Biol Chem 2016; 397:709-24. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is actively involved in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis via storage/release of lipids and adipokine secretion. Current research links WAT dysfunction to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The expansion of WAT during oversupply of nutrients prevents ectopic fat accumulation and requires proper preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation. An assumed link between excess levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), WAT dysfunction and T2D has been discussed controversially. While oxidative stress conditions have conclusively been detected in WAT of T2D patients and related animal models, clinical trials with antioxidants failed to prevent T2D or to improve glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, animal studies yielded inconsistent results regarding the role of oxidative stress in the development of diabetes. Here, we discuss the contribution of ROS to the (patho)physiology of adipocyte function and differentiation, with particular emphasis on sources and nutritional modulators of adipocyte ROS and their functions in signaling mechanisms controlling adipogenesis and functions of mature fat cells. We propose a concept of ROS balance that is required for normal functioning of WAT. We explain how both excessive and diminished levels of ROS, e.g. resulting from over supplementation with antioxidants, contribute to WAT dysfunction and subsequently insulin resistance.
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Kour S, Rath PC. Long noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 26:1-21. [PMID: 26655093 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 11/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the universal, intrinsic, genetically-controlled, evolutionarily-conserved and time-dependent intricate biological process characterised by the cumulative decline in the physiological functions and their coordination in an organism after the attainment of adulthood resulting in the imbalance of neurological, immunological and metabolic functions of the body. Various biological processes and mechanisms along with altered levels of mRNAs and proteins have been reported to be involved in the progression of aging. It is one of the major risk factors in the patho-physiology of various diseases and disorders. Recently, the discovery of pervasive transcription of a vast pool of heterogeneous regulatory noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including small ncRNAs (sncRNAs) and long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), in the mammalian genome have provided an alternative way to study and explore the missing links in the aging process, its mechanism(s) and related diseases in a whole new dimension. The involvement of small noncoding RNAs in aging and age-related diseases have been extensively studied and recently reviewed. However, lncRNAs, whose function is far less explored in relation to aging, have emerged as a class of major regulators of genomic functions. Here, we have described some examples of known as well as novel lncRNAs that have been implicated in the progression of the aging process and age-related diseases. This may further stimulate research on noncoding RNAs and the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhleen Kour
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod C Rath
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.
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