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Shen Y. Pathogenesis and Mechanism of Uremic Vascular Calcification. Cureus 2024; 16:e64771. [PMID: 39026575 PMCID: PMC11255132 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review elucidates the modeling and mechanistic studies of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone disorder. In patients with chronic kidney disease, metabolic abnormalities in uremic toxins, including phosphate and indole sulfate, are closely associated with vascular calcification. Vitamin K, vascular circadian clock, and autophagy are also key factors involved in vascular calcification. Furthermore, communication between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells also plays a pivotal role in the regulation of this process. Together, these factors accelerate vascular calcification progression and increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Therefore, timely intervention for vascular calcification is essential for patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjing Shen
- Nephrology, Shanghai Tianyou Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, CHN
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2
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Farag HI, Murphy BA, Templeman JR, Hanlon C, Joshua J, Koch TG, Niel L, Shoveller AK, Bedecarrats GY, Ellison A, Wilcockson D, Martino TA. One Health: Circadian Medicine Benefits Both Non-human Animals and Humans Alike. J Biol Rhythms 2024; 39:237-269. [PMID: 38379166 PMCID: PMC11141112 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241228021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Circadian biology's impact on human physical health and its role in disease development and progression is widely recognized. The forefront of circadian rhythm research now focuses on translational applications to clinical medicine, aiming to enhance disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment responses. However, the field of circadian medicine has predominantly concentrated on human healthcare, neglecting its potential for transformative applications in veterinary medicine, thereby overlooking opportunities to improve non-human animal health and welfare. This review consists of three main sections. The first section focuses on the translational potential of circadian medicine into current industry practices of agricultural animals, with a particular emphasis on horses, broiler chickens, and laying hens. The second section delves into the potential applications of circadian medicine in small animal veterinary care, primarily focusing on our companion animals, namely dogs and cats. The final section explores emerging frontiers in circadian medicine, encompassing aquaculture, veterinary hospital care, and non-human animal welfare and concludes with the integration of One Health principles. In summary, circadian medicine represents a highly promising field of medicine that holds the potential to significantly enhance the clinical care and overall health of all animals, extending its impact beyond human healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham I. Farag
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara A. Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R. Templeman
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Charlene Hanlon
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica Joshua
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas G. Koch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lee Niel
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Anna K. Shoveller
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amy Ellison
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, UK
| | - David Wilcockson
- Department of Life Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Tami A. Martino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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3
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Webb AJ, Klerman EB, Mandeville ET. Circadian and Diurnal Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Circ Res 2024; 134:695-710. [PMID: 38484025 PMCID: PMC10942227 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Circadian and diurnal variation in cerebral blood flow directly contributes to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke, either through factors that trigger stroke or due to impaired compensatory mechanisms. Cerebral blood flow results from the integration of systemic hemodynamics, including heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, with cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, including cerebrovascular reactivity, autoregulation, and neurovascular coupling. We review the evidence for the circadian and diurnal variation in each of these mechanisms and their integration, from the detailed evidence for mechanisms underlying the nocturnal nadir and morning surge in blood pressure to identifying limited available evidence for circadian and diurnal variation in cerebrovascular compensatory mechanisms. We, thus, identify key systemic hemodynamic factors related to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke but particularly identify the need for further research focused on cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J.S. Webb
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
| | - Emiri T. Mandeville
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.T.M.)
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4
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Eckle T, Bertazzo J, Khatua TN, Tabatabaei SRF, Bakhtiari NM, Walker LA, Martino TA. Circadian Influences on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 134:675-694. [PMID: 38484024 PMCID: PMC10947118 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of circadian rhythms on cardiovascular function and disease development is well established, with numerous studies in genetically modified animals emphasizing the circadian molecular clock's significance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and heart failure progression. However, translational preclinical studies targeting the heart's circadian biology are just now emerging and are leading to the development of a novel field of medicine termed circadian medicine. In this review, we explore circadian molecular mechanisms and novel therapies, including (1) intense light, (2) small molecules modulating the circadian mechanism, and (3) chronotherapies such as cardiovascular drugs and meal timings. These promise significant clinical translation in circadian medicine for cardiovascular disease. (4) Additionally, we address the differential functioning of the circadian mechanism in males versus females, emphasizing the consideration of biological sex, gender, and aging in circadian therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Júlia Bertazzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tarak Nath Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Moori Bakhtiari
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tami A. Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Li W, Tiedt S, Lawrence JH, Harrington ME, Musiek ES, Lo EH. Circadian Biology and the Neurovascular Unit. Circ Res 2024; 134:748-769. [PMID: 38484026 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian physiology and cellular function are subject to significant oscillations over the course of every 24-hour day. It is likely that these daily rhythms will affect function as well as mechanisms of disease in the central nervous system. In this review, we attempt to survey and synthesize emerging studies that investigate how circadian biology may influence the neurovascular unit. We examine how circadian clocks may operate in neural, glial, and vascular compartments, review how circadian mechanisms regulate cell-cell signaling, assess interactions with aging and vascular comorbidities, and finally ask whether and how circadian effects and disruptions in rhythms may influence the risk and progression of pathophysiology in cerebrovascular disease. Overcoming identified challenges and leveraging opportunities for future research might support the development of novel circadian-based treatments for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
| | - Steffen Tiedt
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany (S.T.)
| | - Jennifer H Lawrence
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Mary E Harrington
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Neuroscience Program, Smith College, Northampton, MA (M.E.H.)
| | - Erik S Musiek
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.H.L., E.S.M.)
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (W.L., E.H.L.)
- Consortium International pour la Recherche Circadienne sur l'AVC, Munich, Germany (W.L., S.T., J.H.L., M.E.H., E.S.M., E.H.L.)
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6
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Garcia N, Rahman MM, Arellano CL, Banakh I, Yung-Chih C, Peter K, Cleland H, Lo CH, Akbarzadeh S. Graft-Host Interaction and Its Effect on Wound Repair Using Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16277. [PMID: 38003467 PMCID: PMC10671506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autologous skin grafting has been commonly used in clinics for decades to close large wounds, yet the cellular and molecular interactions between the wound bed and the graft that mediates the wound repair are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to better understand the molecular changes in the wound triggered by autologous and synthetic grafting. Defining the wound changes at the molecular level during grafting sets the basis to test other engineered skin grafts by design. In this study, a full-thickness skin graft (SKH-1 hairless) mouse model was established. An autologous full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) or an acellular fully synthetic Biodegradable Temporising Matrix (BTM) was grafted. The wound bed/grafts were analysed at histological, RNA, and protein levels during the inflammation (day 1), proliferation (day 5), and remodelling (day 21) phases of wound repair. The results showed that in this mouse model, similar to others, inflammatory marker levels, including Il-6, Cxcl-1, and Cxcl-5/6, were raised within a day post-wounding. Autologous grafting reduced the expression of these inflammatory markers. This was different from the wounds grafted with synthetic dermal grafts, in which Cxcl-1 and Cxcl-5/6 remained significantly high up to 21 days post-grafting. Autologous skin grafting reduced wound contraction compared to wounds that were left to spontaneously repair. Synthetic grafts contracted significantly more than FTSG by day 21. The observed wound contraction in synthetic grafts was most likely mediated at least partly by myofibroblasts. It is possible that high TGF-β1 levels in days 1-21 were the driving force behind myofibroblast abundance in synthetic grafts, although no evidence of TGF-β1-mediated Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF) upregulation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Garcia
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Carlos Luis Arellano
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ilia Banakh
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Chen Yung-Chih
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (C.Y.-C.); (K.P.)
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (C.Y.-C.); (K.P.)
| | - Heather Cleland
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Cheng Hean Lo
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Shiva Akbarzadeh
- Skin Bioengineering Laboratory, Victorian Adult Burns Service, Alfred Health, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; (N.G.); (M.M.R.); (C.L.A.); (I.B.); (H.C.); (C.H.L.)
- Department of Surgery, Monash University, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
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7
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Mitchell JW, Gillette MU. Development of circadian neurovascular function and its implications. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1196606. [PMID: 37732312 PMCID: PMC10507717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1196606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular system forms the interface between the tissue of the central nervous system (CNS) and circulating blood. It plays a critical role in regulating movement of ions, small molecules, and cellular regulators into and out of brain tissue and in sustaining brain health. The neurovascular unit (NVU), the cells that form the structural and functional link between cells of the brain and the vasculature, maintains the blood-brain interface (BBI), controls cerebral blood flow, and surveils for injury. The neurovascular system is dynamic; it undergoes tight regulation of biochemical and cellular interactions to balance and support brain function. Development of an intrinsic circadian clock enables the NVU to anticipate rhythmic changes in brain activity and body physiology that occur over the day-night cycle. The development of circadian neurovascular function involves multiple cell types. We address the functional aspects of the circadian clock in the components of the NVU and their effects in regulating neurovascular physiology, including BBI permeability, cerebral blood flow, and inflammation. Disrupting the circadian clock impairs a number of physiological processes associated with the NVU, many of which are correlated with an increased risk of dysfunction and disease. Consequently, understanding the cell biology and physiology of the NVU is critical to diminishing consequences of impaired neurovascular function, including cerebral bleeding and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Mitchell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Martha U. Gillette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carle-Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Zhao W, Mao L, He C, Ding D, Hu N, Song X, Long D. Effects of low dose radiation on behavior rhythm of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 255:114779. [PMID: 36924557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythm refers to the internal regulation of various life activities of an organism, which are determined by the specific time structure sequences of each individual. Behavior rhythm is the most intuitive embodiment of biological rhythm. To study the effect of low dose radiation on behavioral rhythm, zebrafish (Danio rerio) was used as a model organism in this study. The early embryos of zebrafish were irradiated at doses of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 Gy to observe the changes in zebrafish development, circadian rhythm, key clock genes, related RNA and protein expression, and melatonin. The results revealed that 0.1 and 1 Gy radiation could lead to different degrees of telencephalic nerve cell apoptosis and the formation of vacuolar structures. 0.1 and 1 Gy radiation could reduce the hatching rate of zebrafish embryos at 72 hpf and delay embryo hatching. The analysis of circadian behavior at 120 hpf demonstrated that 1 Gy dose of radiation altered the circadian rhythm of zebrafish, as well as decreased the distance, amplitude, and phase of movement. RT-PCR analysis of the key clock genes (bmal1b, clock1a, per1b, per2, cry2, and nr1d1) involved in regulating circadian rhythm was performed. The results showed that 1 Gy radiation could interfere with the expression of clock genes in zebrafish embryos and upregulate bmal1b, clock1a, and per1b. Western blot experiments further verified the protein expression of key clock genes, bmal1b and clock. Detection of melatonin secretion at different time points over 24 h showed that radiation doses of 0.1 and 1 Gy could increase melatonin secretion. Based on these findings, it is speculated that a certain dose of radiation may affect melatonin secretion, which impacts the telencephalon structure and ontogeny of zebrafish, delays hatching, and changes the circadian rhythm. This effect is thought to be achieved through upregulating the expression of circadian rhythm genes, clock1a and per1b and related proteins, which may be responsible for the abnormal circadian rhythm caused by radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Zhao
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Liang Mao
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Chuqi He
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dexin Ding
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Nan Hu
- Key Discipline Laboratory for National Defence for Biotechnology in Uranium Mining and Hydrometallurgy,University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Song
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Dingxin Long
- School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Typical Evironmental Pollution and Health Hazards, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China.
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9
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Gumz ML, Shimbo D, Abdalla M, Balijepalli RC, Benedict C, Chen Y, Earnest DJ, Gamble KL, Garrison SR, Gong MC, Hogenesch JB, Hong Y, Ivy JR, Joe B, Laposky AD, Liang M, MacLaughlin EJ, Martino TA, Pollock DM, Redline S, Rogers A, Dan Rudic R, Schernhammer ES, Stergiou GS, St-Onge MP, Wang X, Wright J, Oh YS. Toward Precision Medicine: Circadian Rhythm of Blood Pressure and Chronotherapy for Hypertension - 2021 NHLBI Workshop Report. Hypertension 2023; 80:503-522. [PMID: 36448463 PMCID: PMC9931676 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals exhibit blood pressure variation over a 24-hour period with higher blood pressure during wakefulness and lower blood pressure during sleep. Loss or disruption of the blood pressure circadian rhythm has been linked to adverse health outcomes, for example, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and chronic kidney disease. However, the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches lack sufficient attention to the circadian rhythmicity of blood pressure. Sleep patterns, hormone release, eating habits, digestion, body temperature, renal and cardiovascular function, and other important host functions as well as gut microbiota exhibit circadian rhythms, and influence circadian rhythms of blood pressure. Potential benefits of nonpharmacologic interventions such as meal timing, and pharmacologic chronotherapeutic interventions, such as the bedtime administration of antihypertensive medications, have recently been suggested in some studies. However, the mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm-mediated blood pressure regulation and the efficacy of chronotherapy in hypertension remain unclear. This review summarizes the results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop convened on October 27 to 29, 2021 to assess knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the study of circadian rhythm of blood pressure and chronotherapy for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (M.L.G.)
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of Medicine, The Columbia Hypertension Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (D.S.)
| | - Marwah Abdalla
- Department of Medicine, Center for Behavioral Cardiovascular Health, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY (M.A.)
| | - Ravi C Balijepalli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Christian Benedict
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Molecular Neuropharmacology, Uppsala University, Sweden (C.B.)
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, and Research Department, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL (Y.C.)
| | - David J Earnest
- Department of Neuroscience & Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX (D.J.E.)
| | - Karen L Gamble
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (K.L.G.)
| | - Scott R Garrison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada (S.R.G.)
| | - Ming C Gong
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY (M.C.G.)
| | | | - Yuling Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Jessica R Ivy
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (J.R.I.)
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, OH (B.J.)
| | - Aaron D Laposky
- National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, Division of Lung Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (A.D.L.)
| | - Mingyu Liang
- Center of Systems Molecular Medicine, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (M.L.)
| | - Eric J MacLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX (E.J.M.)
| | - Tami A Martino
- Center for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada (T.A.M.)
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (D.M.P.)
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (S.R.)
| | - Amy Rogers
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, United Kingdom (A.R.)
| | - R Dan Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, GA (R.D.R.)
| | - Eva S Schernhammer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.S.S.)
| | - George S Stergiou
- Hypertension Center, STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece (G.S.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre St-Onge
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center' New York, NY (M.-P.S.-O.)
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Medicine, Augusta University, GA (X.W.)
| | - Jacqueline Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
| | - Young S Oh
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD (R.C.B., Y.H., J.W., Y.S.O.)
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Preston R, Meng QJ, Lennon R. The dynamic kidney matrisome - is the circadian clock in control? Matrix Biol 2022; 114:138-155. [PMID: 35569693 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock network in mammals is responsible for the temporal coordination of numerous physiological processes that are necessary for homeostasis. Peripheral tissues demonstrate circadian rhythmicity and dysfunction of core clock components has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases that are characterized by abnormal extracellular matrix, such as fibrosis (too much disorganized matrix) and tissue breakdown (too little matrix). Kidney disease is characterized by proteinuria, which along with the rate of filtration, displays robust circadian oscillation. Clinical observation and mouse studies suggest the presence of 24 h kidney clocks responsible for circadian oscillation in kidney function. Recent experimental evidence has also revealed that cell-matrix interactions and the biomechanical properties of extracellular matrix have key roles in regulating peripheral circadian clocks and this mechanism appears to be cell- and tissue-type specific. Thus, establishing a temporally resolved kidney matrisome may provide a useful tool for studying the two-way interactions between the extracellular matrix and the intracellular time-keeping mechanisms in this critical niche tissue. This review summarizes the latest genetic and biochemical evidence linking kidney physiology and disease to the circadian system with a particular focus on the extracellular matrix. We also review the experimental approaches and methodologies required to dissect the roles of circadian pathways in specific tissues and outline the translational aspects of circadian biology, including how circadian medicine could be used for the treatment of kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Preston
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9WL, UK.
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11
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Daiber A, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Li H, Wolf E, Kilgallen AB, Lecour S, Van Laake LW, Schulz R, Hahad O, Münzel T. Redox Regulatory Changes of Circadian Rhythm by the Environmental Risk Factors Traffic Noise and Air Pollution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:679-703. [PMID: 35088601 PMCID: PMC9618394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and traffic noise contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Recent Advances: Epidemiological data suggest that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disease, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, neurodegeneration, depression, and anxiety disorders, mainly by activation of stress hormone signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Critical Issues: We here provide an in-depth review on the impact of the environmental risk factors air pollution and traffic noise exposure (components of the external exposome) on cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on the role of environmentally triggered oxidative stress and dysregulation of the circadian clock. Also, a general introduction on the contribution of circadian rhythms to cardiovascular health and disease as well as a detailed mechanistic discussion of redox regulatory pathways of the circadian clock system is provided. Future Directions: Finally, we discuss the potential of preventive strategies or "chrono" therapy for cardioprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 679-703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Andreas Daiber, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Structural Chronobiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aoife B. Kilgallen
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda W. Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Thomas Münzel, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
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12
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Ortinski PI, Reissner KJ, Turner J, Anderson TA, Scimemi A. Control of complex behavior by astrocytes and microglia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104651. [PMID: 35367512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that glial cells influence behavior has been gaining a steady foothold in scientific literature. Out of the five main subtypes of glial cells in the brain, astrocytes and microglia have received an outsized share of attention with regard to shaping a wide spectrum of behavioral phenomena and there is growing appreciation that the signals intrinsic to these cells as well as their interactions with surrounding neurons reflect behavioral history in a brain region-specific manner. Considerable regional diversity of glial cell phenotypes is beginning to be recognized and may contribute to behavioral outcomes arising from circuit-specific computations within and across discrete brain nuclei. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the impact of astrocyte and microglia activity on behavioral outcomes, with a specific focus on brain areas relevant to higher cognitive control, reward-seeking, and circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Ortinski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - K J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, USA
| | - J Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - T A Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - A Scimemi
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Albany, USA
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13
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Bryant AJ, Ebrahimi E, Nguyen A, Wolff CA, Gumz ML, Liu AC, Esser KA. A wrinkle in time: circadian biology in pulmonary vascular health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L84-L101. [PMID: 34850650 PMCID: PMC8759967 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An often overlooked element of pulmonary vascular disease is time. Cellular responses to time, which are regulated directly by the core circadian clock, have only recently been elucidated. Despite an extensive collection of data regarding the role of rhythmic contribution to disease pathogenesis (such as systemic hypertension, coronary artery, and renal disease), the roles of key circadian transcription factors in pulmonary hypertension remain understudied. This is despite a large degree of overlap in the pulmonary hypertension and circadian rhythm fields, not only including shared signaling pathways, but also cell-specific effects of the core clock that are known to result in both protective and adverse lung vessel changes. Therefore, the goal of this review is to summarize the current dialogue regarding common pathways in circadian biology, with a specific emphasis on its implications in the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In this work, we emphasize specific proteins involved in the regulation of the core molecular clock while noting the circadian cell-specific changes relevant to vascular remodeling. Finally, we apply this knowledge to the optimization of medical therapy, with a focus on sleep hygiene and the role of chronopharmacology in patients with this disease. In dissecting the unique relationship between time and cellular biology, we aim to provide valuable insight into the practical implications of considering time as a therapeutic variable. Armed with this information, physicians will be positioned to more efficiently use the full four dimensions of patient care, resulting in improved morbidity and mortality of pulmonary hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Bryant
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Elnaz Ebrahimi
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amy Nguyen
- 1Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christopher A. Wolff
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L. Gumz
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andrew C. Liu
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Karyn A. Esser
- 2Department of Physiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
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14
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Li T, Bai Y, Jiang Y, Jiang K, Tian Y, Wang Z, Ban Y, Liang X, Luo G, Sun F. Potential Effect of the Circadian Clock on Erectile Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2022; 13:8-23. [PMID: 35111358 PMCID: PMC8782551 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is an internal timing system, which is generated by circadian clock genes. Because the circadian rhythm regulates numerous cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes, organisms have evolved with intrinsic biological rhythms to adapt the daily environmental changes. A variety of pathological events occur at specific times, while disturbed rhythms can lead to metabolic syndrome, vascular dysfunction, inflammatory disorders, and cancer. Therefore, the circadian clock is considered closely related to various diseases. Recently, accumulated data have shown that the penis is regulated by the circadian clock, while erectile function is impaired by an altered sleep-wake cycle. The circadian rhythm appears to be a novel therapeutic target for preventing and managing erectile dysfunction (ED), although research is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize the superficial interactions between the circadian clock and erectile function, while focusing on how disturbed rhythms contribute to risk factors of ED. These risk factors include NO/cGMP pathway, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, lipid abnormalities, testosterone deficiency, as well as dysfunction of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. On the basis of recent findings, we discuss the potential role of the circadian clock for future therapeutic strategies on ED, although further relevant research needs to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology and Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yiting Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Kehua Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yong Ban
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Xiangyi Liang
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
| | - Guangheng Luo
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Fa Sun, Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China. .
| | - Fa Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Fa Sun, Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China. .
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15
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Crislip GR, Johnston JG, Douma LG, Costello HM, Juffre A, Boyd K, Li W, Maugans CC, Gutierrez-Monreal M, Esser KA, Bryant AJ, Liu AC, Gumz ML. Circadian Rhythm Effects on the Molecular Regulation of Physiological Systems. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2769-2798. [PMID: 34964116 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nearly every system within the body contains an intrinsic cellular circadian clock. The circadian clock contributes to the regulation of a variety of homeostatic processes in mammals through the regulation of gene expression. Circadian disruption of physiological systems is associated with pathophysiological disorders. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to the known circadian rhythms in physiological function. This article focuses on what is known in humans, along with discoveries made with cell and rodent models. In particular, the impact of circadian clock components in metabolic, cardiovascular, endocrine, musculoskeletal, immune, and central nervous systems are discussed. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-30, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jermaine G Johnston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren G Douma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandria Juffre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kyla Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Cheoting C Maugans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Miguel Gutierrez-Monreal
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew J Bryant
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Myology Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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16
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Rahman M, Garcia N, Loh Y, Marks D, Banakh I, Jagadeesan P, Cameron N, Yung-Chih C, Costa M, Peter K, Cleland H, Akbarzadeh S. A platelet-derived hydrogel improves neovascularisation in full thickness wounds. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:199-209. [PMID: 34587524 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Platelets are a reservoir of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines involved in spontaneous wound repair. In this study, a platelet-rich and fibrin-rich hydrogel was generated from expired platelet components that would have otherwise been transfused. The material contained physiological concentrations of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1, platelet-derived growth factor AB (PDGF-AB), PDGF-BB, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and epidermal growth factor (EGF). The effect of the hydrogel on wound repair was investigated in SKH-1 mice. Full thickness dorsal wounds were created on the mice and treated with the hydrogel at various concentrations. Immunohistochemical staining with CD31 (endothelial cell marker) revealed that wounds treated with the hydrogel showed significantly enhanced vascularisation in the wound bed. Moreover, high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and KC (IL-8 functional homologue) in treated wounds were sustained over a longer period of time, compared to untreated wounds. We postulate that sustained IL-6 is a driver, at least partly, of enhanced vascularisation in full thickness wounds treated with the hydrogel. Future work is needed to explore whether this hydrogel can be utilised as a treatment option when vascularisation is a critical limitation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The economic cost of wound repair is estimated in billions of dollars each year. In many cases time required to vascularise wounds is a major contributor to slow wound repair. In this study, we developed a blood-derived platelet- and fibrin-rich hydrogel. It contains a number of growth factors actively involved in spontaneous wound healing. This hydrogel significantly improved dermal repair and vascularisation in a full-thickness wound mouse model. This study provides an action mechanism for modulation of localised inflammation.
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17
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Atomoxetine and circadian gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts from study participants with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1121-1133. [PMID: 34273025 PMCID: PMC8295110 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atomoxetine (ATO) is a second line medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We proposed that part of the therapeutic profile of ATO may be through circadian rhythm modulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after ATO exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with a diagnosis of ADHD. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different ATO concentrations in HDF cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR. No statistical significant effect of both groups (healthy controls, ADHD group) for mid-sleep on weekend days, mid-sleep on weekdays, social jetlag, sleep WASO and total number of wake bouts was observed. D-MEQ scores indicated that healthy controls had no evening preference, whereas subjects with ADHD displayed both definitive and moderate evening preferences. ATO induced the rhythmicity of Clock in the ADHD group. This effect, however, was not observed in HDF cultures of healthy controls. Bmal1 and Per2 expression showed a significant ZT × group interaction via mixed ANOVA. Strong positive correlations for chronotype and circadian genes were observed for Bmal1, Cry1 and Per3 among the study participants. Statistical significant different Clock, Bmal1 and Per3 expressions were observed in HDFs exposed to ATO collected from ADHD participants exhibiting neutral and moderate evening preference, as well as healthy participants with morning preferences. The results of the present study illustrate that ATO impacts on circadian function, particularly on Clock, Bmal1 and Per2 gene expression.
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18
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Fischer M, Coogan A, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Evolutionary conservations, changes of circadian rhythms and their effect on circadian disturbances and therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:21-34. [PMID: 34102148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential for the interaction of all living organisms with their environments. Several processes, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, cognition and memory, are regulated by the internal clock. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been shown to lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interestingly, the mechanism of the circadian rhythms has been conserved in many different species, and misalignment between circadian rhythms and the environment results in evolutionary regression and lifespan reduction. This review summarises the conserved mechanism of the internal clock and its major interspecies differences. In addition, it focuses on effects the circadian rhythm disturbances, especially in cases of ADHD, and describes the possibility of recombinant proteins generated by eukaryotic expression systems as therapeutic agents as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potential tool for research and therapy. The aim is to give an overview about the evolutionary conserved mechanism as well as the changes of the circadian clock. Furthermore, current knowledge about circadian rhythm disturbances and therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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Circadian rhythms of mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:367-377. [PMID: 32452917 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The circadian rhythms have a systemic impact on all aspects of physiology. Kidney diseases are associated with extremely high-cardiovascular mortality, related to chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD), involving bone, parathyroids and vascular calcification. Disruption of circadian rhythms may cause serious health problems, contributing to development of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, cancer, organ fibrosis, osteopenia and aging. Evidence of disturbed circadian rhythms in CKD-MBD parameters and organs involved is emerging and will be discussed in this review. RECENT FINDINGS Kidney injury induces unstable behavioral circadian rhythm. Potentially, uremic toxins may affect the master-pacemaker of circadian rhythm in hypothalamus. In CKD disturbances in the circadian rhythms of CKD-MBD plasma-parameters, activin A, fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, phosphate have been demonstrated. A molecular circadian clock is also expressed in peripheral tissues, involved in CKD-MBD; vasculature, parathyroids and bone. Expression of the core circadian clock genes in the different tissues is disrupted in CKD-MBD. SUMMARY Disturbed circadian rhythms is a novel feature of CKD-MBD. There is a need to establish which specific input determines the phase of the local molecular clock and to characterize its regulation and deregulation in tissues involved in CKD-MBD. Finally, it is important to establish what are the implications for treatment including the potential applications for chronotherapy.
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Circadian Rhythm: Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020676. [PMID: 33445491 PMCID: PMC7827891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Every organism has an intrinsic biological rhythm that orchestrates biological processes in adjusting to daily environmental changes. Circadian rhythms are maintained by networks of molecular clocks throughout the core and peripheral tissues, including immune cells, blood vessels, and perivascular adipose tissues. Recent findings have suggested strong correlations between the circadian clock and cardiovascular diseases. Desynchronization between the circadian rhythm and body metabolism contributes to the development of cardiovascular diseases including arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian rhythms are involved in controlling inflammatory processes and metabolisms, which can influence the pathology of arteriosclerosis and thrombosis. Circadian clock genes are critical in maintaining the robust relationship between diurnal variation and the cardiovascular system. The circadian machinery in the vascular system may be a novel therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The research on circadian rhythms in cardiovascular diseases is still progressing. In this review, we briefly summarize recent studies on circadian rhythms and cardiovascular homeostasis, focusing on the circadian control of inflammatory processes and metabolisms. Based on the recent findings, we discuss the potential target molecules for future therapeutic strategies against cardiovascular diseases by targeting the circadian clock.
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21
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Canonical transient receptor potential 6 channel deficiency promotes smooth muscle cells dedifferentiation and increased proliferation after arterial injury. JVS Vasc Sci 2020; 1:136-150. [PMID: 33554153 PMCID: PMC7861475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvssci.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies showed the benefit of canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channel deficiency in promoting endothelial healing of arterial injuries in hypercholesterolemic animals. Long-term studies utilizing a carotid wire-injury model were undertaken in wild-type (WT) and TRPC6-/- mice to determine the effects of TRPC6 on phenotypic modulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and neointimal hyperplasia. We hypothesized that TRPC6 was essential in the maintenance or reexpression of a differentiated SMC phenotype and minimized luminal stenosis following arterial injury. Methods The common carotid arteries (CCA) of WT and TRPC6-/- mice were evaluated at baseline and 4 weeks after wire injury. At baseline, CCA of TRPC6-/- mice had reduced staining of MYH11 and SM22, fewer elastin lamina, luminal dilation, and wall thinning. After carotid wire injury, TRPC6-/- mice developed significantly more pronounced luminal stenosis compared with WT mice. Injured TRPC6-/- CCA demonstrated increased medial/intimal cell number and active cell proliferation when compared with WT CCA. Immunohistochemistry suggested that expression of contractile biomarkers in medial SMC were essentially at baseline levels in WT CCA at 28 days after wire injury. By contrast, at 28 days after injury medial SMC from TRPC6-/- CCA showed a significant decrease in the expression of contractile biomarkers relative to baseline levels. To assess the role of TRPC6 in systemic arterial SMC phenotype modulation, SMC were harvested from thoracic aortae of WT and TRPC6-/- mice and were characterized. TRPC6-/- SMC showed enhanced proliferation and migration in response to serum stimulation. Expression of contractile phenotype biomarkers, MYH11 and SM22, was attenuated in TRPC6-/- SMC. siRNA-mediated TRPC6 deficiency inhibited contractile biomarker expression in a mouse SMC line. Conclusions These results suggest that TRPC6 contributes to the restoration or maintenance of arterial SMC contractile phenotype following injury. Understanding the role of TRPC6 in phenotypic modulation may lead to mechanism-based therapies for attenuation of IH. After endovascular intervention and open vascular surgery, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergo a coordinated reprogramming of gene expression to facilitate arterial healing. Down regulation of VSMC-specific contractile biomarkers (eg, SM22 and MYH11) and induction of pathways that promote cell proliferation, migration, and matrix synthesis are hallmarks of this phenotypic switch. Dysregulated phenotypic switching leads to the development of neointimal hyperplasia and vascular restenosis. Identifying pathways that regulate or constrain VSMC phenotypic modulation, therefore, has the potential to decrease neointimal hyperplasia and improve outcomes after vascular intervention. In this study, we demonstrate that depletion of the non-voltage-gated cation channel TRPC6 promotes phenotypic switching and loss of contractile biomarkers in systemic arterial VSMC. TRPC6-/- mice developed significantly more pronounced luminal stenosis compared with wild-type mice after carotid wire injury. These results suggest that TRPC6 contributes to the restoration or maintenance of contractile phenotype in VSMC after injury. Understanding the role of TRPC6 in phenotypic switching may lead to mechanism-based therapies to mitigate restenosis.
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Cartland SP, Lin RCY, Genner S, Patil MS, Martínez GJ, Barraclough JY, Gloss B, Misra A, Patel S, Kavurma MM. Vascular transcriptome landscape of Trail -/- mice: Implications and therapeutic strategies for diabetic vascular disease. FASEB J 2020; 34:9547-9562. [PMID: 32501591 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902785r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Circulating plasma TRAIL levels are suppressed in patients with cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. To identify novel targets in vascular metabolic diseases, genome-wide transcriptome of aortic tissue from Trail-/- versus Trail+/+ mice were interrogated. We found 861 genes differentially expressed with TRAIL deletion. Gene enrichment analyses showed many of these genes were related to inflammation, cell-to-cell cytoskeletal interactions, and transcriptional modulation. We identified vascular protective and pathological gene clusters, with Ifi205 as the most significantly reduced vascular protective gene, whereas Glut1, the most significantly increased pathological gene with TRAIL deletion. We hypothesized that therapeutic targets could be devised from such integrated analysis and validated our findings from vascular tissues of diabetic mice. From the differentially expressed gene targets, enriched transcription factor (TF) and microRNA binding motifs were identified. The top two TFs were Elk1 and Sp1, with enrichment to eight gene targets common to both. miR-520d-3p and miR-377-3p were the top enriched microRNAs with TRAIL deletion; with four overlapping genes enriched for both microRNAs. Our findings offer an alternate in silico approach for therapeutic target identification and present a deeper understanding of gene signatures and pathways altered with TRAIL suppression in the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruby C Y Lin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Genner
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gonzalo J Martínez
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Y Barraclough
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Gloss
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Schröder A, Aitken KJ, Jiang JX, Sidler M, Tölg C, Siebenaller A, Jeffrey N, Kirwan T, Leslie B, Wu C, Weksberg R, Delgado-Olguin P, Bägli DJ. Persistent myopathy despite release of partial obstruction: in vivo reversal of dysfunction and transcriptional responses using rapamycin. FASEB J 2020; 34:3594-3615. [PMID: 31984552 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900547rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Current and potential medical therapy for obstruction-induced myopathic bladder dysfunction (from benign prostatic hyperplasia or posterior urethral valves) focuses on symptoms. The persistent tissue pathology and dysfunction after release of obstruction is often deemed irreversible without any systematic therapeutic approaches. As rapamycin can attenuate bladder smooth muscle hypertrophy and dysfunction during the genesis of partial obstruction in vivo, we tested whether rapamycin could improve persistent function after release of obstruction (de-obstruction or REL). Female Sprague-Dawley rat bladders were partially obstructed (PBO) by suturing around both the urethra and a para-urethral steel rod, then removing the rod. One day prior to release of obstruction (preREL), voiding parameters and residual urine volume of preREL+future rapa, preREL+future veh groups were recorded. Release of obstruction (REL) was performed by suture removal following 6 weeks of PBO. For 4 more weeks after the de-obstruction, REL animals were randomized to rapamycin (REL+rapa) or vehicle (REL+veh). PBO for 6 weeks were used as positive controls. In shams, the urethra was exposed, but no suture tied. Voiding parameters and residual urine volume were measured prior to sacrifice of sham and REL+veh or REL+rapa, and PBO. Rapamycin efficacy was tested by pair-wise comparison of changes in individual voiding data from preREL+future veh or preREL+future rapa versus REL+veh or REL+rapa, respectively, as well as by comparisons of REL+veh to REL+rapa groups. Bladders were weighed and processed for a high-throughput QPCR array, and histopathology. Bladder/body mass ratios with PBO increased significantly and remained higher in the release phase in REL+veh animals. REL+rapa versus REL+veh improved residual volumes and micturition fractions toward sham levels. Three genes encoding extracellular proteins, BMP2, SOD3, and IGFBP7, correlated with functional improvement by Pearson's correlations. The promoters of these genes showed enrichment for several motifs including circadian E-boxes. While obstruction and REL augmented CLOCK and NPAS2 expression above sham levels, rapamycin treatment during release significantly blocked their expression. This experimental design of pharmaco-intervention during the de-obstruction phase revealed a novel pathway dysregulated during the clinically relevant treatment phase of obstructive bladder myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Schröder
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen J Aitken
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Sidler
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cornelia Tölg
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aliza Siebenaller
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nefateri Jeffrey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tyler Kirwan
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno Leslie
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changhao Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Darius J Bägli
- Urology Division, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism - circadian rhythmicity - to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular clocks that control circadian rhythms are being revealed as important regulators of physiology and disease. In humans, circadian rhythms have been studied extensively in the cardiovascular system. Many cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial function, thrombus formation, blood pressure and heart rate, are now known to be regulated by the circadian clock. Additionally, the onset of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias and other adverse cardiovascular events show circadian rhythmicity. In this Review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in all major cardiovascular cell types and organs. Second, we discuss the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Finally, we postulate how circadian rhythms can serve as a therapeutic target by exploiting or altering molecular time to improve existing therapies and develop novel ones.
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25
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Sherratt MJ, Hopkinson L, Naven M, Hibbert SA, Ozols M, Eckersley A, Newton VL, Bell M, Meng QJ. Circadian rhythms in skin and other elastic tissues. Matrix Biol 2019; 84:97-110. [PMID: 31422155 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations that, in mammals, are driven by both a master clock, located in the brain, and peripheral clocks in cells and tissues. Approximately 10% of the transcriptome, including extracellular matrix components, is estimated to be under circadian control. Whilst it has been established that certain collagens and extracellular matrix proteases are diurnally regulated (for example in tendon, cartilage and intervertebral disc) the role played by circadian rhythms in mediating elastic fiber homeostasis is poorly understood. Skin, arteries and lungs are dynamic, resilient, elastic fiber-rich organs and tissues. In skin, circadian rhythms influence cell migration and proliferation, wound healing and susceptibility of the tissues to damage (from protease activity, oxidative stress and ultraviolet radiation). In the cardiovascular system, blood pressure and heart rate also follow age-dependent circadian rhythms whilst the lungs exhibit diurnal variations in immune response. In order to better understand these processes it will be necessary to characterise diurnal changes in extracellular matrix biology. In particular, given the sensitivity of peripheral clocks to external factors, the timed delivery of interventions (chronotherapy) has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of treatments designed to repair and regenerate damaged cutaneous, vascular and pulmonary tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Sherratt
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK.
| | - Louise Hopkinson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Centre for Doctoral Training in Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Mark Naven
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
| | - Sarah A Hibbert
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Matiss Ozols
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Eckersley
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK
| | | | - Mike Bell
- Walgreens Boots Alliance, Thane Rd, Nottingham, England, UK
| | - Qing-Jun Meng
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, The University of Manchester, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, UK
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26
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Wang R, Xiao M, Zhang Y, Ho CT, Wan X, Li D, Xie Z. RNA-Sequencing Analysis Reveals l-Theanine Regulating Transcriptional Rhythm Alteration in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Induced by Dexamethasone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5413-5422. [PMID: 30685977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
l-Theanine, a unique amino acid in tea leaves, is known to have beneficial effects on stress relief, tumor suppression, and prevention of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CADs). The disruption of the circadian rhythm has been implied in the pathogenesis of CADs. However, it is unknown whether l-theanine has a modulatory effect on the vascular circadian rhythm. In this research, we have established a circadian gene expression model in rat vascular smooth muscle cells by dexamethasone induction. l-Theanine treatment enhanced the expression amplitude of clock genes, including Bmal1, Cry1, Rev-erbα, and Per2. Moreover, pairwise comparisons of the RNA-sequencing data showed that l-theanine is able to upregulate a ray of the rhythm genes and differentially expressed genes that are involved in vasoconstriction and actin cytoskeleton regulation pathways. Our data suggest that l-theanine changes the circadian gene rhythm involving in the process of vascular smooth muscle restructure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 65 Dudley Road , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901-8520 , United States
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27
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Duong ATH, Reitz CJ, Louth EL, Creighton SD, Rasouli M, Zwaiman A, Kroetsch JT, Bolz SS, Winters BD, Bailey CDC, Martino TA. The Clock Mechanism Influences Neurobiology and Adaptations to Heart Failure in Clock ∆19/∆19 Mice With Implications for Circadian Medicine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4994. [PMID: 30899044 PMCID: PMC6428811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we investigated the role of the circadian mechanism on cognition-relevant brain regions and neurobiological impairments associated with heart failure (HF), using murine models. We found that the circadian mechanism is an important regulator of healthy cognitive system neurobiology. Normal Clock∆19/∆19 mice had neurons with smaller apical dendrite trees in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and hippocampus, showed impaired visual-spatial memory, and exhibited lower cerebrovascular myogenic tone, versus wild types (WT). We then used the left anterior descending coronary artery ligation model to investigate adaptations in response to HF. Intriguingly, adaptations to neuron morphology, memory, and cerebrovascular tone occurred in differing magnitude and direction between Clock∆19/∆19 and WT mice, ultimately converging in HF. To investigate this dichotomous response, we performed microarrays and found genes crucial for growth and stress pathways that were altered in Clock∆19/∆19 mPFC and hippocampus. Thus these data demonstrate for the first time that (i) the circadian mechanism plays a role in neuron morphology and function; (ii) there are changes in neuron morphology and function in HF; (iii) CLOCK influences neurobiological gene adaptations to HF at a cellular level. These findings have clinical relevance as patients with HF often present with concurrent neurocognitive impairments. There is no cure for HF, and new understanding is needed to reduce morbidity and improve the quality of life for HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin T H Duong
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emma L Louth
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mina Rasouli
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ashley Zwaiman
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey T Kroetsch
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Boyer D Winters
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Salehi A, Loganathan N, Belsham DD. Bisphenol A induces Pomc gene expression through neuroinflammatory and PPARγ nuclear receptor-mediated mechanisms in POMC-expressing hypothalamic neuronal models. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 479:12-19. [PMID: 30149043 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as bisphenol A (BPA), have been linked to obesity. However, the direct effect of BPA on the hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, which regulate energy homeostasis, remains unexplored. We define the effect of BPA on functionally characterized, POMC-expressing cell models, mHypoA-POMC/GFP-2 and mHypoE-43/5. Exposure to BPA significantly induced the mRNA levels of Pomc in both primary culture and the cell lines. Neuroinflammatory and steroid receptor mRNA levels were assessed to delineate the potential mechanisms, including inflammatory markers Nfκb, Il6 and Iκba, and steroid receptors Esr1, Esr2, Gpr30, Esrrg, and Pparg. Pre-treatment with anti-inflammatory compounds gonadotropin-releasing hormone, and PS1145, an IκB kinase inhibitor, abrogated the BPA-mediated Pomc induction. Furthermore, T0070907, a PPARγ antagonist, abolished Pomc induction, while the GPR30 antagonist G15 had no effect. These findings indicate that BPA may have direct effects on POMC neurons in the hypothalamus, utilizing neuroinflammatory mechanisms and through PPARγ nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Salehi
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neruja Loganathan
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise D Belsham
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Development of atherosclerosis contributes to cardiovascular diseases that still are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Successful strategies for treating inflammatory aspects of atherosclerotic lesion development are rare. Here, we review new insights into the impact of circadian rhythmicity on atherogenesis and their potential for innovative time-optimized pharmacological treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on the circadian clock revealed an extensive influence on immune cell activity. Immune cell functionality and their recruitment to injured tissues exhibit circadian rhythmicity. Many indications that the circadian clock also modulates atherogenesis were given in the past. Transcriptome analysis of the aorta reveals a time-dependent expression profile. Furthermore, deficiency of the core clock proteins Bmal1 and Clock consistently accelerates atherosclerosis. Recent work provided new insights on time-dependent leukocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions and its regulatory mechanisms through the CCR2-CCL2 axis. Based on timed CCR2-CCL2 signaling blockage, an effective chronopharmacological treatment strategy was established to reduce early lesion development with concomitant reduction of systemic side effects. SUMMARY Circadian rhythmicity impacts on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Circadian oscillation in the expression of drug targets may license timed intervention strategies with improved efficacy and lower risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Winter
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), LMU Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) & Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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30
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Thosar SS, Butler MP, Shea SA. Role of the circadian system in cardiovascular disease. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2157-2167. [PMID: 29856365 DOI: 10.1172/jci80590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
All species organize behaviors to optimally match daily changes in the environment, leading to pronounced activity/rest cycles that track the light/dark cycle. Endogenous, approximately 24-hour circadian rhythms in the brain, autonomic nervous system, heart, and vasculature prepare the cardiovascular system for optimal function during these anticipated behavioral cycles. Cardiovascular circadian rhythms, however, may be a double-edged sword. The normal amplified responses in the morning may aid the transition from sleep to activity, but such exaggerated responses are potentially perilous in individuals susceptible to adverse cardiovascular events. Indeed, the occurrence of stroke, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death all have daily patterns, striking most frequently in the morning. Furthermore, chronic disruptions of the circadian clock, as with night-shift work, contribute to increased cardiovascular risk. Here we highlight the importance of the circadian system to normal cardiovascular function and to cardiovascular disease, and identify opportunities for optimizing timing of medications in cardiovascular disease.
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31
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Crnko S, Cour M, Van Laake LW, Lecour S. Vasculature on the clock: Circadian rhythm and vascular dysfunction. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 108:1-7. [PMID: 29778521 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The master mammalian circadian clock (i.e. central clock), located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus, orchestrates the synchronization of the daily behavioural and physiological rhythms to better adapt the organism to the external environment in an anticipatory manner. This central clock is entrained by a variety of signals, the best established being light and food. However, circadian cycles are not simply the consequences of these two cues but are generated by endogenous circadian clocks. Indeed, clock machinery is found in mainly all tissues and cell types, including cells of the vascular system such as endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and stem cells. This machinery physiologically contributes to modulate the daily vascular function, and its disturbance therefore plays a major role in the pathophysiology of vascular dysfunction. Therapies targeting the circadian rhythm may therefore be of benefit against vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Crnko
- Division Heart and Lungs and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Cour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular research in Africa and Lionel Opie Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda W Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular research in Africa and Lionel Opie Preclinical Imaging Core Facility, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
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32
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Khaper N, Bailey CDC, Ghugre NR, Reitz C, Awosanmi Z, Waines R, Martino TA. Implications of disturbances in circadian rhythms for cardiovascular health: A new frontier in free radical biology. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:85-92. [PMID: 29146117 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell autonomous circadian "clock" mechanisms are present in virtually every organ, and generate daily rhythms that are important for normal physiology. This is especially relevant to the cardiovascular system, for example the circadian mechanism orchestrates rhythms in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, metabolism, gene and protein abundance over the 24-h day and night cycles. Conversely, disturbing circadian rhythms (e.g. via shift work, sleep disorders) increases cardiovascular disease risk, and exacerbates cardiac remodelling and worsens outcome. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important contributors to heart disease, especially the pathophysiologic damage that occurs after myocardial infarction (MI, heart attack). However, little is known about how the circadian mechanism, or rhythm desynchrony, is involved in these key pathologic stress responses. This review summarizes the current knowledge on circadian rhythms in the cardiovascular system, and the implications of rhythm disturbances for cardiovascular health. Furthermore, we highlight how free radical biology coincides with the pathogenesis of myocardial repair and remodelling after MI, and indicate a role for the circadian system in the oxidative stress pathways in the heart and brain after MI. This fusion of circadian biology with cardiac oxidative stress pathways is novel, and offers enormous potential for improving our understanding and treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Khaper
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada P7B5E1
| | - Craig D C Bailey
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Nilesh R Ghugre
- Schulich Heart Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4N 3M5
| | - Cristine Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Zikra Awosanmi
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Ryan Waines
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences/OVC, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G2W1.
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Lee YG, Jang SA, Seo KH, Gwag JE, Kim HG, Ko JH, Ji SA, Kang SC, Lee DY, Baek NI. New Lignans from the Flower ofForsythia koreanaand Their Suppression Effect on VCAM-1 Expression in MOVAS Cells. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800026. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeong-Geun Lee
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwa Seo
- Biological and Genetic Resources Utilization Division; National Institute of Biological Resources; Incheon 22689 Korea
| | - Jung Eun Gwag
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Hyoung-Geun Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Ko
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - So-Ae Ji
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Se-Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
| | - Dae Young Lee
- Department of Herbal Crop Research; National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science; RDA; Eumseong 27709 Korea
| | - Nam-In Baek
- Graduate School of Biotechnology; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 17104 Korea
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Ma WQ, Han XQ, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Liu NF. Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine promotes calcium deposition in VSMCs via intracellular oxidative stress-induced PDK4 activation and alters glucose metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112841-112854. [PMID: 29348870 PMCID: PMC5762555 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and vascular calcification are intrinsically linked. We previously reported that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accelerate calcium deposition in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via excessive oxidative stress. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is an important mitochondrial matrix enzyme in cellular energy metabolism. Since hyperactivation of PDK4 has been reported in calcified vessels and in patients with diabetes mellitus, inhibition of PDK4 expression may be a strategy for the prevention of diabetic vascular calcification. In this study, we used a rat VSMC model to investigate the role of PDK4 in diabetic vascular calcification and further explore the underlying mechanisms. We observed that Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), which is a major immunogen of AGEs, accelerated calcium deposition in VSMCs through PDK4 activation. An elevated level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) acted as a signal transduction intermediate to increase PDK4 expression. Either inhibition of PDK4 expression or RAGE (receptor for AGEs) blockade attenuated CML-induced VSMC calcification, as shown by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression. Glucose consumption and lactate production were increased during CML-induced VSMC calcification. Importantly, CML accelerates glycolysis in VSMCs via a PDK4-dependent pathway. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a novel mechanism by which CML promotes VSMC calcification via PDK4 activation and alters glucose metabolism in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Qiong Han
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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Steffens S, Winter C, Schloss MJ, Hidalgo A, Weber C, Soehnlein O. Circadian Control of Inflammatory Processes in Atherosclerosis and Its Complications. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1022-1028. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Physiological cardiovascular functions show daily diurnal variations, which are synchronized by intrinsic molecular clocks and environment-driven cues. The clinical manifestation of cardiovascular disease also exhibits diurnal variation, with an increased incidence in the early morning. This coincides with circadian oscillations of circulating parameters, such as hormones and leukocyte counts. We are just at the beginning of understanding how circadian rhythms of immune functions are related to cardiovascular disease progression and outcome after an acute ischemic event. Here, we briefly summarize clinical data on oscillations of circulating inflammatory parameters, as well as experimental evidences for the role of circadian clocks in atherosclerosis, postmyocardial infarction inflammatory responses, and cardiac healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Steffens
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (S.S., C. Winter, M.J.S., A.H., C. Weber, O.S.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S., C. Weber, O.S.); Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C. Weber); and Department
| | - Carla Winter
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (S.S., C. Winter, M.J.S., A.H., C. Weber, O.S.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S., C. Weber, O.S.); Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C. Weber); and Department
| | - Maximilian J. Schloss
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (S.S., C. Winter, M.J.S., A.H., C. Weber, O.S.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S., C. Weber, O.S.); Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C. Weber); and Department
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (S.S., C. Winter, M.J.S., A.H., C. Weber, O.S.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S., C. Weber, O.S.); Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C. Weber); and Department
| | - Christian Weber
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (S.S., C. Winter, M.J.S., A.H., C. Weber, O.S.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S., C. Weber, O.S.); Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C. Weber); and Department
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- From the Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (S.S., C. Winter, M.J.S., A.H., C. Weber, O.S.); German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Germany (S.S., C. Weber, O.S.); Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (A.H.); Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, the Netherlands (C. Weber); and Department
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Akagi R, Akatsu Y, Fisch KM, Alvarez-Garcia O, Teramura T, Muramatsu Y, Saito M, Sasho T, Su AI, Lotz MK. Dysregulated circadian rhythm pathway in human osteoarthritis: NR1D1 and BMAL1 suppression alters TGF-β signaling in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:943-951. [PMID: 27884645 PMCID: PMC5438901 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Circadian rhythm (CR) was identified by RNA sequencing as the most dysregulated pathway in human osteoarthritis (OA) in articular cartilage. This study examined circadian rhythmicity in cultured chondrocytes and the role of the CR genes NR1D1 and BMAL1 in regulating chondrocyte functions. METHODS RNA was extracted from normal and OA-affected human knee cartilage (n = 14 each). Expression levels of NR1D1 and BMAL1 mRNA and protein were assessed by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Human chondrocytes were synchronized and harvested at regular intervals to examine circadian rhythmicity in RNA and protein expression. Chondrocytes were treated with small interfering RNA (siRNA) for NR1D1 or BMAL1, followed by RNA sequencing and analysis of the effects on the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway. RESULTS NR1D1 and BMAL1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly reduced in OA compared to normal cartilage. In cultured human chondrocytes, a clear circadian rhythmicity was observed for NR1D1 and BMAL1. Increased BMAL1 expression was observed after knocking down NR1D1, and decreased NR1D1 levels were observed after knocking down BMAL1. Sequencing of RNA from chondrocytes treated with NR1D1 or BMAL1 siRNA identified 330 and 68 significantly different genes, respectively, and this predominantly affected the TGF-β signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The CR pathway is dysregulated in OA cartilage. Interference with circadian rhythmicity in cultured chondrocytes affects TGF-β signaling, which is a central pathway in cartilage homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Akagi
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - Y Akatsu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - K M Fisch
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - O Alvarez-Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Teramura
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Y Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M Saito
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, 564-1 Shimoshizu, Sakura, Chiba, 285-8741, Japan
| | - T Sasho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuou, Chiba, 260-8677, Japan
| | - A I Su
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M K Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Luciano AK, Santana JM, Velazquez H, Sessa WC. Akt1 Controls the Timing and Amplitude of Vascular Circadian Gene Expression. J Biol Rhythms 2017; 32:212-221. [PMID: 28452287 DOI: 10.1177/0748730417704534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The AKT signaling pathway is important for circadian rhythms in mammals and flies ( Drosophila). However, AKT signaling in mammals is more complicated since there are 3 isoforms of AKT, each performing slightly different functions. Here we study the most ubiquitous AKT isoform, Akt1, and its role at the organismal level in the central and vascular peripheral clocks. Akt1-/- mice exhibit relatively normal behavioral rhythms with only minor differences in circadian gene expression in the liver and heart. However, circadian gene expression in the Akt1-/- aorta, compared with control aorta, follows a distinct pattern. In the Akt1-/- aorta, positive regulators of circadian transcription have lower amplitude rhythms and peak earlier in the day, and negative circadian regulators are expressed at higher amplitudes and peak later in the day. In endothelial cells, negative circadian regulators exhibit an increased amplitude of expression, while the positive circadian regulators are arrhythmic with a decreased amplitude of expression. This indicates that Akt1 conditions the normal circadian rhythm in the vasculature more so than in other peripheral tissues where other AKT isoforms or kinases might be important for daily rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Luciano
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jeans M Santana
- Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Heino Velazquez
- Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - William C Sessa
- Department of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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McAlpine CS, Swirski FK. Circadian Influence on Metabolism and Inflammation in Atherosclerosis. Circ Res 2017; 119:131-41. [PMID: 27340272 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.308034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many aspects of human health and disease display daily rhythmicity. The brain's suprachiasmic nucleus, which interprets recurring external stimuli, and autonomous molecular networks in peripheral cells together, set our biological circadian clock. Disrupted or misaligned circadian rhythms promote multiple pathologies including chronic inflammatory and metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis. Here, we discuss studies suggesting that circadian fluctuations in the vessel wall and in the circulation contribute to atherogenesis. Data from humans and mice indicate that an impaired molecular clock, disturbed sleep, and shifting light-dark patterns influence leukocyte and lipid supply in the circulation and alter cellular behavior in atherosclerotic lesions. We propose that a better understanding of both local and systemic circadian rhythms in atherosclerosis will enhance clinical management, treatment, and public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S McAlpine
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston.
| | - Filip K Swirski
- From the Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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40
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MicroRNA-32 promotes calcification in vascular smooth muscle cells: Implications as a novel marker for coronary artery calcification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174138. [PMID: 28319142 PMCID: PMC5358880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is one of the most severe outcomes associated with cardiovascular disease and often results in significant morbidity and mortality. Previous reports indicated that epigenomic regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) might play important roles in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification. Here, we identified potential key miRNAs involved in vascular calcification in vivo and investigated the role of miR-32-5p (miR-32). According to microarray analysis, we observed increased expression of miR-125b, miR-30a, and miR-32 and decreased expression of miR-29a, miR-210, and miR-320 during the progression of vascularcalcification. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function studies of miR-32 confirmed promotion of VSMC calcification in mice through the enhanced expression of bonemorphogenetic protein-2, runt-related transcription factor-2(RUNX2), osteopontin, and the bone-specific phosphoprotein matrix GLA protein in vitro. Moreover, miR-32 modulated vascularcalcification progression by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)signaling and increasing RUNX2 expression and phosphorylation by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of phosphatase and tensin homolog Mrna (PTEN) in mouse VSMCs. Furthermore, we detected higher miR-32 levels in plasmafrom patients with coronary artery disease with coronary artery calcification (CAC) as compared with levels observed in non-CAC patients (P = 0.016), further confirming miR-32 as a critical modulator and potential diagnostic marker for CAC.
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41
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Bennardo M, Alibhai F, Tsimakouridze E, Chinnappareddy N, Podobed P, Reitz C, Pyle WG, Simpson J, Martino TA. Day-night dependence of gene expression and inflammatory responses in the remodeling murine heart post-myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1243-R1254. [PMID: 27733386 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00200.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diurnal or circadian rhythms are fundamentally important for healthy cardiovascular physiology and play a role in timing of onset and tolerance to myocardial infarction (MI) in patients. Whether time of day of MI triggers different molecular and cellular responses that can influence myocardial remodeling is not known. This study was designed to test whether time of day of MI triggers different gene expression, humoral, and innate inflammatory responses that contribute to cardiac repair after MI. Mice were infarcted by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (MI model) within a 2-h time window either shortly after lights on or lights off, and the early remodeling responses at 8 h postinfarction were examined. We found that sleep-MI preferentially triggers early expression of genes associated with inflammatory responses, whereas wake-MI triggers more genes associated with metabolic pathways and transcription/translation, by microarray analyses. Homozygous clock mutant mice exhibit altered diurnal gene expression profiles, consistent with their cycling before onset of MI. In the first 8 h, crucial for innate immune responses to MI, there are also significant differences in sleep-MI and wake-MI serum cytokine responses and in neutrophil infiltration to infarcted myocardium. By 1-wk post-MI, there are differences in survivorship between the sleep and wake MI mice that could be explained by the different molecular and cellular responses. Our whole body physiology, tissues, and cells exhibit endogenous daily rhythms, and understanding their role in triggering effective responses after MI could lead to new strategies to benefit patients with cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bennardo
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Faisal Alibhai
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Elena Tsimakouridze
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Nirmala Chinnappareddy
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Peter Podobed
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Cristine Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - W Glen Pyle
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Jeremy Simpson
- Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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Takeda N, Maemura K. Circadian clock and the onset of cardiovascular events. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:383-90. [PMID: 26888119 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The onset of cardiovascular diseases often shows time-of-day variation. Acute myocardial infarction or ventricular arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia occurs mainly in the early morning. Multiple biochemical and physiological parameters show circadian rhythm, which may account for the diurnal variation of cardiovascular events. These include the variations in blood pressure, activity of the autonomic nervous system and renin-angiotensin axis, coagulation cascade, vascular tone and the intracellular metabolism of cardiomyocytes. Importantly, the molecular clock system seems to underlie the circadian variation of these parameters. The center of the biological clock, also known as the central clock, exists in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In contrast, the molecular clock system is also activated in each cell of the peripheral organs and constitute the peripheral clock. The biological clock system is currently considered to have a beneficial role in maintaining the homeostasis of each organ. Discoordination, however, between the peripheral clock and external environment could potentially underlie the development of cardiovascular events. Therefore, understanding the molecular and cellular pathways by which cardiovascular events occur in a diurnal oscillatory pattern will help the establishment of a novel therapeutic approach to the management of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kwon IS, Yim JH, Lee HK, Pyo S. Lobaric Acid Inhibits VCAM-1 Expression in TNF-α-Stimulated Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via Modulation of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:25-32. [PMID: 26759698 PMCID: PMC4703349 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens have been known to possess multiple biological activities, including anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) may play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. Hence, VCAM-1 is a possible therapeutic target in the treatment of the inflammatory disease. However, the effect of lobaric acid on VCAM-1 has not yet been investigated and characterized. For this study, we examined the effect of lobaric acid on the inhibition of VCAM-1 in tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)-stimulated mouse vascular smooth muscle cells. Western blot and ELISA showed that the increased expression of VCAM-1 by TNF-α was significantly suppressed by the pre-treatment of lobaric acid (0.1–10 μg/ml) for 2 h. Lobaric acid abrogated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activity through preventing the degradation of IκB and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and p38 mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase. Lobaric acid also inhibited the expression of TNF-α receptor 1 (TNF-R1). Overall, our results suggest that lobaric acid inhibited VCAM-1 expression through the inhibition of p38, ERK, JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and downregulation of TNF-R1 expression. Therefore, it is implicated that lobaric acid may suppress inflammation by altering the physiology of the atherosclerotic lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ii-Seul Kwon
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Han Yim
- Polar BioCenter, Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Kum Lee
- Polar BioCenter, Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhkneung Pyo
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is seen ubiquitously in aging blood vessels and prematurely in disease states like renal failure. It is thought to be driven by a number of systemic and local factors that lead to extra-osseous deposition of mineral in the vascular wall and valves as a common endpoint. The response of resident vascular smooth muscle cell to these dystrophic signals appears to be important in this process. Whilst in vivo models allow the observation of global changes in a pro-calcific environment, identifying the specific cells and mechanisms involved has been largely garnered from in vitro experiments, which provide added benefits in terms of reproducibility, cost, and convenience. Here we describe a 7-21 day cell culture model of calcification developed using immortalized murine vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS-1). This model provides a method by which vascular smooth muscle cell involvement and manipulation within a mineralizing domain can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen J Kelynack
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan Street, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.
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45
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Takeda N, Maemura K. The role of clock genes and circadian rhythm in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3225-34. [PMID: 25972277 PMCID: PMC11113935 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The time of onset of cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarctions or ventricular arrhythmias exhibits a circadian rhythm. Diurnal variations in autonomic nervous activity, plasma cortisol level or renin-angiotensin activity underlie the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Transcriptional-translational feedback loop of the clock genes constitute a molecular clock system. In addition to the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, clock genes are also expressed in a circadian fashion in each organ to make up the peripheral clock. The peripheral clock seems to be beneficial for anticipating external stimuli and thus contributes to the maintenance of organ homeostasis. Loss of synchronization between the central and peripheral clocks also augments disease progression. Moreover, accumulating evidence shows that clock genes affect inflammatory and intracellular metabolic signaling. Elucidating the roles of the molecular clock in cardiovascular pathology through the identification of clock controlled genes will help to establish a novel therapeutic approach for cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Koji Maemura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8501 Japan
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46
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Alibhai FJ, Tsimakouridze EV, Reitz CJ, Pyle WG, Martino TA. Consequences of Circadian and Sleep Disturbances for the Cardiovascular System. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:860-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Chen S, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Wang H, Liu C. Hyperlipidaemia impairs the circadian clock and physiological homeostasis of vascular smooth muscle cells via the suppression of Smarcd1. J Pathol 2014; 233:159-69. [PMID: 24615205 DOI: 10.1002/path.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Many mammalian physiological processes show diurnal oscillation and are controlled by a circadian clock. Disruption of the circadian clock has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders, but the mechanism through which clock and vessel function are integrated is unclear. Here we show that the rhythmicity of key clock genes and Smarcd1, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex family, is suppressed in the layer of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of the thoracic aorta of hyperlipidaemic rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Smarcd1 stimulates the transcription of clock genes, notably bmal1, through co-activation of the nuclear orphan receptor RORα in VSMCs. The co-activation of Smarcd1 and RORα is dependent on the mediation of PGC-1α, a transcriptional co-activator. Pathophysiologically, Smarcd1 inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration by blocking cell cycle re-entry and via the activation of kinase signalling pathways. Our results demonstrate that Smarcd1 is a critical node integrating the circadian clock and VSMC physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Chatterjee S, Nam D, Guo B, Kim JM, Winnier GE, Lee J, Berdeaux R, Yechoor VK, Ma K. Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 is a key regulator of myogenesis. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:2213-24. [PMID: 23525013 PMCID: PMC3672937 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.120519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock network is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that imparts temporal regulation to diverse biological processes. Brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), an essential transcriptional activator of the clock, is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. However, whether this key clock component impacts myogenesis, a temporally regulated event that requires the sequential activation of myogenic regulatory factors, is not known. Here we report a novel function of Bmal1 in controlling myogenic differentiation through direct transcriptional activation of components of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade, a major inductive signal for embryonic and postnatal muscle growth. Genetic loss of Bmal1 in mice leads to reduced total muscle mass and Bmal1-deficient primary myoblasts exhibit significantly impaired myogenic differentiation accompanied by markedly blunted expression of key myogenic regulatory factors. Conversely, forced expression of Bmal1 enhances differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. This cell-autonomous effect of Bmal1 is mediated by Wnt signaling as both expression and activity of Wnt components are markedly attenuated by inhibition of Bmal1, and activation of the Wnt pathway partially rescues the myogenic defect in Bmal1-deficient myoblasts. We further reveal direct association of Bmal1 with promoters of canonical Wnt pathway genes, and as a result of this transcriptional regulation, Wnt signaling components exhibit intrinsic circadian oscillation. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the core clock gene, Bmal1, is a positive regulator of myogenesis, which may represent a temporal regulatory mechanism to fine-tune myocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somik Chatterjee
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deokhwa Nam
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bingyan Guo
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, China
| | - Ji M. Kim
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Glen E. Winnier
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Berdeaux
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Guo B, Chatterjee S, Li L, Kim JM, Lee J, Yechoor VK, Minze LJ, Hsueh W, Ma K. The clock gene, brain and muscle Arnt-like 1, regulates adipogenesis via Wnt signaling pathway. FASEB J 2012; 26:3453-63. [PMID: 22611086 PMCID: PMC6137895 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-205781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clocks in adipose tissue are known to regulate adipocyte biology. Although circadian dysregulation is associated with development of obesity, the underlying mechanism has not been established. Here we report that disruption of the clock gene, brain and muscle Arnt-like 1 (Bmal1), in mice led to increased adipogenesis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and obesity, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. This is due to its cell-autonomous effect, as Bmal1 deficiency in embryonic fibroblasts, as well as stable shRNA knockdown (KD) in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte and C3H10T1/2 mesenchymal stem cells, promoted adipogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that attenuation of Bmal1 function resulted in down-regulation of genes in the canonical Wnt pathway, known to suppress adipogenesis. Promoters of these genes (Wnt10a, β-catenin, Dishevelled2, TCF3) displayed Bmal1 occupancy, indicating direct circadian regulation by Bmal1. As a result, Wnt signaling activity was attenuated by Bmal1 KD and augmented by its overexpression. Furthermore, stabilizing β-catenin through Wnt ligand or GSK-3β inhibition achieved partial restoration of blunted Wnt activity and suppression of increased adipogenesis induced by Bmal1 KD. Taken together, our study demonstrates that Bmal1 is a critical negative regulator of adipocyte development through transcriptional control of components of the canonical Wnt signaling cascade, and provides a mechanistic link between circadian disruption and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyan Guo
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China; and
| | - Somik Chatterjee
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lifei Li
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji M. Kim
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeongkyung Lee
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vijay K. Yechoor
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laurie J. Minze
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Willa Hsueh
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ke Ma
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
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Takeda N, Maemura K. Cardiovascular disease, chronopharmacotherapy, and the molecular clock. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:956-66. [PMID: 20451570 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular functions such as heart rate and blood pressure show 24h variation. The incidence of cardiovascular diseases including acute myocardial infarction and arrhythmia also exhibits diurnal variation. The center of this circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. However, recent findings revealed that each organ, including cardiovascular tissues, has its own internal clock, which has been termed a peripheral clock. The functional roles played by peripheral clocks have been reported recently. Since the peripheral clock is considered to play considerable roles in the processes of cardiac tissues, the identification of genes specifically regulated by this clock will provide insights into its role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. In addition, the discovery of small compounds that modulate the peripheral clock will help to establish chronotherapeutic approaches. Understanding the biological relevance of the peripheral clock will provide novel approaches to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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