1
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Li CY, Sun Y, Guo WC, Jiang WN, Zhou W, Chen ZS, Zhang YY, Wang Z, Liu XY, Zhang R, Shao LP. Complex phenotype in Fanconi renotubular syndrome type 1: Hypophosphatemic rickets as the predominant presentation. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 561:119812. [PMID: 38876250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
GATM-related Fanconi renotubular syndrome 1 (FRTS1) is a form of renal Fanconi syndrome (RFS), which is a disorder of solute and water reabsorption caused by defects in the function of the entire proximal tubule. Recent findings reveal the molecular basis of FRTS1: Intramitochondrial fiber aggregation triggered by mutant GATM provides a starting point for proximal tubule damage and drives disease progression. As a rare and newly recognized inherited kidney disease, the complex manifestations of FRTS1 are easily underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. We discuss the complex phenotype of a 26-year-old woman with onset in infancy and a long history of hypophosphatemic rickets. We also identified a novel heterozygous missense variant in the GATM gene in this patient. The novel variant and phenotype we report expand the disease spectrum of FRTS1. We recommend screening for GATM in children with RFS, especially in patients with resistant rickets who have previously had negative genetic testing. In addition, we found pathological deposition of mutant GATM proteins within mitochondria in the patient's urinary sediment cells by a combination of electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. This unique urine cytology experiment has the potential to be a valuable tool for identifying patients with RRTS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Cong Guo
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Na Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zeng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Yin Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xu-Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Le-Ping Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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2
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Loeb GB, Kathail P, Shuai R, Chung R, Grona RJ, Peddada S, Sevim V, Federman S, Mader K, Chu A, Davitte J, Du J, Gupta AR, Ye CJ, Shafer S, Przybyla L, Rapiteanu R, Ioannidis N, Reiter JF. Variants in tubule epithelial regulatory elements mediate most heritable differences in human kidney function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.18.599625. [PMID: 38948875 PMCID: PMC11212968 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.18.599625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Kidney disease is highly heritable; however, the causal genetic variants, the cell types in which these variants function, and the molecular mechanisms underlying kidney disease remain largely unknown. To identify genetic loci affecting kidney function, we performed a GWAS using multiple kidney function biomarkers and identified 462 loci. To begin to investigate how these loci affect kidney function, we generated single-cell chromatin accessibility (scATAC-seq) maps of the human kidney and identified candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) for kidney podocytes, tubule epithelial cells, and kidney endothelial, stromal, and immune cells. Kidney tubule epithelial cCREs explained 58% of kidney function SNP-heritability and kidney podocyte cCREs explained an additional 6.5% of SNP-heritability. In contrast, little kidney function heritability was explained by kidney endothelial, stromal, or immune cell-specific cCREs. Through functionally informed fine-mapping, we identified putative causal kidney function variants and their corresponding cCREs. Using kidney scATAC-seq data, we created a deep learning model (which we named ChromKid) to predict kidney cell type-specific chromatin accessibility from sequence. ChromKid and allele specific kidney scATAC-seq revealed that many fine-mapped kidney function variants locally change chromatin accessibility in tubule epithelial cells. Enhancer assays confirmed that fine-mapped kidney function variants alter tubule epithelial regulatory element function. To map the genes which these regulatory elements control, we used CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) to target these regulatory elements in tubule epithelial cells and assessed changes in gene expression. CRISPRi of enhancers harboring kidney function variants regulated NDRG1 and RBPMS expression. Thus, inherited differences in tubule epithelial NDRG1 and RBPMS expression may predispose to kidney disease in humans. We conclude that genetic variants affecting tubule epithelial regulatory element function account for most SNP-heritability of human kidney function. This work provides an experimental approach to identify the variants, regulatory elements, and genes involved in polygenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel B. Loeb
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Pooja Kathail
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Richard Shuai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Chung
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Reinier J. Grona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sailaja Peddada
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Volkan Sevim
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Genomic Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scot Federman
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karl Mader
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Audrey Chu
- Genomic Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Juan Du
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander R. Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy; Institute for Human Genetics; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA and Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Shafer
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Genomic Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laralynne Przybyla
- Laboratory for Genomics Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Radu Rapiteanu
- Genomic Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nilah Ioannidis
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Center for Computational Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy F. Reiter
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, US
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar80. [PMID: 38598293 PMCID: PMC11238085 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e24-01-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display structural abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | - Corey J. Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
| | | | | | - Kenneth G. Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
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4
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Verma A, Mishra DK, Edward DP, Ramappa M. Band-shaped keratopathy in HNF4A-related Fanconi syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:246-251. [PMID: 37997707 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2023.2285310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fanconi's syndrome (FS) is characterized by type-2 renal tubular acidosis, short stature, and renal rickets, along with glycosuria, aminoaciduria, hypophosphaturia, and urinary bicarbonate wasting. The genetic form of FS has been linked to HNF4A variants. Although additional clinical features such as hearing impairment have recently been associated with HNF4A-linked FS, its ocular manifestation has not been described. MATERIAL AND METHODS Presenting a case of a 5-year-old male child with bilateral progressive corneal opacification and the presence of bilateral greyish-white deposits in the interpalpebral region since infancy. A next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genetic testing was performed for the child followed by parental genetic testing for the identified variant. Furthermore, relevant works of literature were reviewed related to this condition. RESULTS Detailed corneal findings showed a bilateral band-shaped keratopathy (BSK) in the patient. Physical and systemic findings showed signs consistent with FS. Sequencing analysis revealed a novel heterozygous c.635C>T, (p.Pro212Leu) variant in the HNF4A gene in the proband and mother, while the father had a normal genotype. CONCLUSIONS Our case highlights the occurrence of BSK in an exceptionally rare manifestation of hereditary FS linked to HNF4A gene variant. The variant exists both in proband and asymptomatic mother. Therefore, the variable penetrance which is known to exist in HNF4A is acknowledged in this context. This report suggests the first documented instance establishing a plausible connection between BSK and HNF4A-associated FS, characterized by the variable penetrance attributed to the HNF4A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Verma
- Kallam Anji Reddy Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Institute for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilip Kumar Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Deepak P Edward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Muralidhar Ramappa
- Institute for Rare Eye Diseases and Ocular Genetics, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Jasti V Ramanamma Children's Eye Care Center, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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5
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den Bakker E, Smith DEC, Finken MJJ, Wamelink MMC, Salomons GS, van de Kamp JM, Bökenkamp A. Sulfate: a neglected (but potentially highly relevant) anion. Essays Biochem 2024:EBC20230097. [PMID: 38639060 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20230097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Sulfate is an important anion as sulfonation is essential in modulation of several compounds, such as exogens, polysaccharide chains of proteoglycans, cholesterol or cholesterol derivatives and tyrosine residues of several proteins. Sulfonation requires the presence of both the sulfate donor 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) and a sulfotransferase. Genetic disorders affecting sulfonation, associated with skeletal abnormalities, impaired neurological development and endocrinopathies, demonstrate the importance of sulfate. Yet sulfate is not measured in clinical practice. This review addresses sulfate metabolism and consequences of sulfonation defects, how to measure sulfate and why we should measure sulfate more often.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil den Bakker
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Childrens Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Desiree E C Smith
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J J Finken
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Childrens Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gajja S Salomons
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jiddeke M van de Kamp
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arend Bökenkamp
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Childrens Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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6
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Dilmen E, Orhon I, Jansen J, Hoenderop JGJ. Advancements in kidney organoids and tubuloids to study (dys)function. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:299-311. [PMID: 37865608 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of kidney diseases urges the need for novel therapies. Kidney organoids and tubuloids are advanced in vitro models and have recently been described as promising tools to study kidney (patho)physiology. Recent developments have shown their application in disease modeling, drug screening, and nephrotoxicity. These applications rely on their ability to mimic (dys)function in vitro including endocrine activity and drug, electrolyte, and water transport. This review provides an overview of these emerging kidney models and focuses on the most recent developments that utilize their functional capabilities. In addition, we cover current limitations and provide future perspectives for this rapidly evolving field, including what these functional properties mean for translational and personalized medicine now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Orhon
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - J G J Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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7
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Ragate DC, Memon SS, Karlekar M, Lila AR, Sarathi V, Jamale T, Thakare S, Patil VA, Shah NS, Bandgar TR. Inherited Fanconi renotubular syndromes: unveiling the intricacies of hypophosphatemic rickets/osteomalacia. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:155-165. [PMID: 38310177 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fanconi renotubular syndromes (FRTS) are a rare group of inherited phosphaturic disorders with limited Indian as well as global data on this condition. Here, we describe the experience of a single Endocrinology center from Western India on FRTS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Comprehensive clinical, biochemical, radiological, management, and genetic details of FRTS patients managed between 2010 and 2023 were collected and analyzed. RESULTS FRTS probands had mutations (eight novel) in six genes [CLCN5 (n = 4), SLC2A2 (n = 2), GATM, EHHADH, HNF4A, and OCRL (1 each)]. Among 15 FRTS patients (11 families), rickets/osteomalacia was the most common (n = 14) presentation with wide inter- and intra-familial phenotypic variability. Delayed diagnosis (median: 8.8 years), initial misdiagnosis (8/11 probands), and syndrome-specific discriminatory features (8/11 probands) were commonly seen. Hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, normal parathyroid hormone (median: 36 pg/ml), high-normal/elevated 1,25(OH)2D (median: 152 pg/ml), hypercalciuria (median spot urinary calcium to creatinine ratio: 0.32), and variable proximal tubular dysfunction(s) were observed. Elevated C-terminal fibroblast growth factor 23 in two probands was misleading, till the genetic diagnosis was reached. Novel observations in our FRTS cohort were preserved renal function (till sixth decade) and enthesopathy in FRTS1 and FRTS3 families, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore frequent under- and misdiagnosis of FRTS; hence, a high index of suspicion for FRTS in phosphopenic rickets/osteomalacia, with early consideration of genetic testing is essential to ensure timely diagnosis of FRTS. The novel variants and phenotypic manifestations described here expand the disease spectrum of FRTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya C Ragate
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India
| | - Saba Samad Memon
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India.
| | - Manjiri Karlekar
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India
| | - Anurag Ranjan Lila
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India
| | - Vijaya Sarathi
- Department of Endocrinology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tukaram Jamale
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sayali Thakare
- Department of Nephrology, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Virendra A Patil
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India
| | - Nalini S Shah
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India
| | - Tushar R Bandgar
- Department of Endocrinology OPD, Seth G.S. Medical College and KEM Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 4000012, India
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8
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Sethi SK, Hu J, Raina R. The Case | Neonatal seizures and tubular dysfunction in childhood: joining the dots! Kidney Int 2024; 105:397-398. [PMID: 38245225 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Kumar Sethi
- Pediatric Nephrology, Kidney Institute, Medanta, The Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Jieji Hu
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio, USA
| | - Rupesh Raina
- Pediatric Nephrology, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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9
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Coulter AM, Cortés V, Theodore CJ, Cianciolo RE, Korstanje R, Campellone KG. WHAMM functions in kidney reabsorption and polymerizes actin to promote autophagosomal membrane closure and cargo sequestration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576497. [PMID: 38328079 PMCID: PMC10849548 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for many functions of eukaryotic cells, but the factors that nucleate actin assembly are not well understood at the organismal level or in the context of disease. To explore the function of the actin nucleation factor WHAMM in mice, we examined how Whamm inactivation impacts kidney physiology and cellular proteostasis. We show that male WHAMM knockout mice excrete elevated levels of albumin, glucose, phosphate, and amino acids, and display abnormalities of the kidney proximal tubule, suggesting that WHAMM activity is important for nutrient reabsorption. In kidney tissue, the loss of WHAMM results in the accumulation of the lipidated autophagosomal membrane protein LC3, indicating an alteration in autophagy. In mouse fibroblasts and human proximal tubule cells, WHAMM and its binding partner the Arp2/3 complex control autophagic membrane closure and cargo receptor recruitment. These results reveal a role for WHAMM-mediated actin assembly in maintaining kidney function and promoting proper autophagosome membrane remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Coulter
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | - Corey J Theodore
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
| | | | | | - Kenneth G Campellone
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, Institute for Systems Genomics; University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
- Center on Aging; UConn Health, Farmington CT, USA
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10
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Hudson R, Abeysekera N, Wolski P, Simons C, Francis L, Farnsworth E, Bennetts B, Patel C, Spijker S, Mallett A. De novo HNF4A-associated atypical Fanconi renal tubulopathy syndrome. J Nephrol 2024; 37:191-197. [PMID: 37308774 PMCID: PMC10920409 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hudson
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Natasha Abeysekera
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Department of General Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Penny Wolski
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Cas Simons
- Centre for Population Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, and University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Population Genomics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leo Francis
- Anatomical Pathology, Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Farnsworth
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce Bennetts
- Sydney Genome Diagnostics, Western Sydney Genetics Program, Children's Hospital Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Specialty of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chirag Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Siebe Spijker
- Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Mallett
- Department of Renal Medicine, Townsville Hospital and Health Service, Townsville University Hospital, 100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas, QLD, 4814, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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11
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Aksenova M, Zaikova N, Tozliyan E. Renal Fanconi syndrome and hypoglycemia: lessons for clinical nephrologists. J Nephrol 2023; 36:2633-2636. [PMID: 37530939 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-023-01719-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aksenova
- Nephrology Department, Y. Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery at N. Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya Str.2, 125412, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natalia Zaikova
- Nephrology Department, Y. Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery at N. Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya Str.2, 125412, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Tozliyan
- Consultative Department, Y. Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery at N. Pirogov, Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya Str.2, 125412, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Thévenod F, Herbrechter R, Schlabs C, Pethe A, Lee WK, Wolff NA, Roussa E. Role of the SLC22A17/lipocalin-2 receptor in renal endocytosis of proteins/metalloproteins: a focus on iron- and cadmium-binding proteins. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F564-F577. [PMID: 37589051 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00020.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protein SLC22A17 [or the neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/lipocalin-2 (LCN2)/24p3 receptor] is an atypical member of the SLC22 family of organic anion and cation transporters: it does not carry typical substrates of SLC22 transporters but mediates receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) of LCN2. One important task of the kidney is the prevention of urinary loss of proteins filtered by the glomerulus by bulk reabsorption of multiple ligands via megalin:cubilin:amnionless-mediated endocytosis in the proximal tubule (PT). Accordingly, overflow, glomerular, or PT damage, as in Fanconi syndrome, results in proteinuria. Strikingly, up to 20% of filtered proteins escape the PT under physiological conditions and are reabsorbed by the distal nephron. The renal distal tubule and collecting duct express SLC22A17, which mediates RME of filtered proteins that evade the PT but with limited capacity to prevent proteinuria under pathological conditions. The kidney also prevents excretion of filtered essential and nonessential transition metals, such as iron or cadmium, respectively, that are largely bound to proteins with high affinity, e.g., LCN2, transferrin, or metallothionein, or low affinity, e.g., microglobulins or albumin. Hence, increased uptake of transition metals may cause nephrotoxicity. Here, we assess the literature on SLC22A17 structure, topology, tissue distribution, regulation, and assumed functions, emphasizing renal SLC22A17, which has relevance for physiology, pathology, and nephrotoxicity due to the accumulation of proteins complexed with transition metals, e.g., cadmium or iron. Other putative renal functions of SLC22A17, such as its contribution to osmotic stress adaptation, protection against urinary tract infection, or renal carcinogenesis, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Thévenod
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Robin Herbrechter
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Carolin Schlabs
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Abhishek Pethe
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wing-Kee Lee
- Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cells and Membranes, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Natascha A Wolff
- Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Koyun M, Ertosun MG, Aksoy GK, Çomak E, Akman S. An uncommon cause of hypophosphatemic rickets: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:2613-2614. [PMID: 36995464 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Koyun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Gökhan Ertosun
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gülşah Kaya Aksoy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Elif Çomak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Sema Akman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
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Tabibzadeh N, Crambert G. Mechanistic insights into the primary and secondary alterations of renal ion and water transport in the distal nephron. J Intern Med 2023; 293:4-22. [PMID: 35909256 PMCID: PMC10087581 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The kidneys, by equilibrating the outputs to the inputs, are essential for maintaining the constant volume, pH, and electrolyte composition of the internal milieu. Inability to do so, either because of internal kidney dysfunction (primary alteration) or because of some external factors (secondary alteration), leads to pathologies of varying severity, leading to modification of these parameters and affecting the functions of other organs. Alterations of the functions of the collecting duct (CD), the most distal part of the nephron, have been extensively studied and have led to a better diagnosis, better management of the related diseases, and the development of therapeutic tools. Thus, dysfunctions of principal cell-specific transporters such as ENaC or AQP2 or its receptors (mineralocorticoid or vasopressin receptors) caused by mutations or by compounds present in the environment (lithium, antibiotics, etc.) have been demonstrated in a variety of syndromes (Liddle, pseudohypoaldosteronism type-1, diabetes insipidus, etc.) affecting salt, potassium, and water balance. In parallel, studies on specific transporters (H+ -ATPase, anion exchanger 1) in intercalated cells have revealed the mechanisms of related tubulopathies like distal renal distal tubular acidosis or Sjögren syndrome. In this review, we will recapitulate the mechanisms of most of the primary and secondary alteration of the ion transport system of the CD to provide a better understanding of these diseases and highlight how a targeted perturbation may affect many different pathways due to the strong crosstalk and entanglements between the different actors (transporters, cell types).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Tabibzadeh
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,EMR 8228 Unité Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, CNRS, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichât, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Crambert
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Rénale et Tubulopathies, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.,EMR 8228 Unité Métabolisme et Physiologie Rénale, CNRS, Paris, France
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15
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Shen Y, Xu X, Chen J, Wang J, Dong G, Huang K, Fu J, Wu D, Wu W. De novo 11q13.3q13.4 deletion in a patient with Fanconi renotubular syndrome and intellectual disability: Case report and review of literature. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1097062. [PMID: 37152320 PMCID: PMC10160663 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1097062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the genetic etiology of a child with facial dysmorphia, developmental delay, intellectual disability, Fanconi renotubular syndrome, and Chiari malformations. Materials and methods Whole exome sequencing (WES), Copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq), and mitochondrial gene detection (Long-PCR + NGS) were applied to detect possible pathogenic mutations and chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs), together with databases and literature reviews to clarify the pathological significance of the candidate mutations. Results The WES revealed a 2.10 Mb interstitial deletion from 11q13.3 to 11q13.4, which was later confirmed by CNV-seq involving 11 OMIM genes, among which SHANK2, DHCR7, NADSYN1, FADD, NUMA1, IL18BP, ANO1, and FGF3 are disease-causing. The mitochondrial gene shows no variations. Conclusion The child has carried a de novo 11q13.3q13.4 microdeletion, in which SHANK2 genes may be the key gene responsible for the phenotype of intellectual disability. The renal manifestation of the child, which can be diagnosed as Fanconi renotubular syndrome, has an unknown cause but may result from the effect of the ANO1 gene. This case adds a new phenotype to the deletion of this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxiao Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingwen Wu
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Genetics and Metabolism, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Wei Wu Dingwen Wu
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Correspondence: Wei Wu Dingwen Wu
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Wejaphikul K, Srilanchakon K, Kamolvisit W, Jantasuwan S, Santawong K, Tongkobpetch S, Theerapanon T, Damrongmanee A, Hongsawong N, Ukarapol N, Dejkhamron P, Supornsilchai V, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Novel Variants and Phenotypes in NEUROG3-Associated Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 108:52-58. [PMID: 36149814 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biallelic pathogenic variants in the NEUROG3 gene cause malabsorptive diarrhea, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and rarely hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. With only 17 reported cases, the clinical and mutational spectra of this disease are far from complete. OBJECTIVE To identify the underlying genetic etiology in 3 unrelated Thai patients who presented with early-onset malabsorptive diarrhea, endocrine abnormalities, and renal defects and to determine the pathogenicity of the newly identified pathogenic variants using luciferase reporter assays and western blot. METHODS Three unrelated patients with congenital diarrhea were recruited. Detailed clinical and endocrinological features were obtained. Exome sequencing was performed to identify mutations and in vitro functional experiments including luciferase reporter assay were studied to validate their pathogenicity. RESULTS In addition to malabsorptive diarrhea due to enteric anendocrinosis, IDDM, short stature, and delayed puberty, our patients also exhibited pituitary gland hypoplasia with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies (Patient 1, 2, 3) and proximal renal tubulopathy (Patient 2, 3) that have not previously reported. Exome sequencing revealed that Patient 1 was homozygous for c.371C > G (p.Thr124Arg) while the other 2 patients were homozygous for c.284G > C (p.Arg95Pro) in NEUROG3. Both variants have never been previously reported. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that these 2 variants impaired transcriptional activity of NEUROG3. CONCLUSIONS This study reported pituitary gland hypoplasia with multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies and proximal renal tubulopathy and 2 newly identified NEUROG3 loss-of-function variants in the patients with NEUROG3-associated syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wejaphikul
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Northern Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Khomsak Srilanchakon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wuttichart Kamolvisit
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Supavadee Jantasuwan
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Santawong
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Siraprapa Tongkobpetch
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Alisara Damrongmanee
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nattaphorn Hongsawong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nuthapong Ukarapol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prapai Dejkhamron
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Northern Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vichit Supornsilchai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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17
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Rinschen MM, Harder JL, Carter-Timofte ME, Zanon Rodriguez L, Mirabelli C, Demir F, Kurmasheva N, Ramakrishnan SK, Kunke M, Tan Y, Billing A, Dahlke E, Larionov AA, Bechtel-Walz W, Aukschun U, Grabbe M, Nielsen R, Christensen EI, Kretzler M, Huber TB, Wobus CE, Olagnier D, Siuzdak G, Grahammer F, Theilig F. VPS34-dependent control of apical membrane function of proximal tubule cells and nutrient recovery by the kidney. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabo7940. [PMID: 36445937 PMCID: PMC10350314 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo7940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The lipid kinase VPS34 orchestrates autophagy, endocytosis, and metabolism and is implicated in cancer and metabolic disease. The proximal tubule in the kidney is a key metabolic organ that controls reabsorption of nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and proteins. Here, by combining metabolomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses with functional and superresolution imaging assays of mice with an inducible deficiency in proximal tubular cells, we revealed that VPS34 controlled the metabolome of the proximal tubule. In addition to inhibiting pinocytosis and autophagy, VPS34 depletion induced membrane exocytosis and reduced the abundance of the retromer complex necessary for proper membrane recycling and lipid retention, leading to a loss of fuel and biomass. Integration of omics data into a kidney cell metabolomic model demonstrated that VPS34 deficiency increased β-oxidation, reduced gluconeogenesis, and enhanced the use of glutamine for energy consumption. Furthermore, the omics datasets revealed that VPS34 depletion triggered an antiviral response that included a decrease in the abundance of apically localized virus receptors such as ACE2. VPS34 inhibition abrogated SARS-CoV-2 infection in human kidney organoids and cultured proximal tubule cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Thus, our results demonstrate that VPS34 adjusts endocytosis, nutrient transport, autophagy, and antiviral responses in proximal tubule cells in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Rinschen
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Harder
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | - Carmen Mirabelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fatih Demir
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Madlen Kunke
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yifan Tan
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Billing
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Eileen Dahlke
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexey A Larionov
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- IV Department of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ute Aukschun
- IV Department of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlen Grabbe
- IV Department of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rikke Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - David Olagnier
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Center for Metabolomics, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Florian Grahammer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Theilig
- Department of Anatomy, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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18
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Saudenova M, Promnitz J, Ohrenschall G, Himmerkus N, Böttner M, Kunke M, Bleich M, Theilig F. Behind every smile there's teeth: Cathepsin B's function in health and disease with a kidney view. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119190. [PMID: 34968578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB) is a very abundant lysosomal protease with endo- and carboxydipeptidase activities and even ligase features. In this review, we will provide a general characterization of CatB and describe structure, structure-derived properties and location-dependent proteolytic actions. We depict CatB action within lysosome and its important roles in lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal homeostasis and autophagy rendering this protease a key player in orchestrating lysosomal functions. Lysosomal leakage and subsequent escape of CatB into the cytosol lead to harmful actions, e.g. the role in activating the NLPR3 inflammasome, affecting immune responses and cell death. The second focus of this review addresses CatB functions in the kidney, i.e. the glomerulus, the proximal tubule and collecting duct with strong emphasis of its role in pathology of the respective segment. Finally, observations regarding CatB functions that need to be considered in cell culture will be discussed. In conclusion, CatB a physiologically important molecule may, upon aberrant expression in different cellular context, become a harmful player effectively showing its teeth behind its smile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makhabbat Saudenova
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Jessica Promnitz
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ohrenschall
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Himmerkus
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Martina Böttner
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Madlen Kunke
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Markus Bleich
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Theilig
- Institute of Anatomy, Department of Medicine, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Germany.
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Kalantari K, Rosner MH. Recent advances in the pharmacological management of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1401-1411. [PMID: 34493146 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1978287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute kidney injury is a common occurrence in patients with sepsis and portends a high mortality as well as increased morbidity with numerous sequelae including the development of chronic kidney disease. Currently, there are no specific therapies that either prevent AKI or hasten its recovery. Thus, clinicians typically rely on management of the underlying infection, optimization of hemodynamic parameters as well as avoidance of nephrotoxins to maximize outcomes. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of sepsis as well as how these pathways may interact to lead to acute kidney injury have opened the door to the development of new, targeted therapies. This review focuses on the operative pathways in sepsis that have been identified as critical in leading to acute kidney injury and associated therapeutic agents that target these pathways. EXPERT OPINION Despite increased understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis, development of effective therapeutics to decrease the incidence of AKI have lagged. This is likely due to the complex pathophysiology with overlapping pathways and need for multiple therapies guided by specific biomarkers. Biomarkers that detail operative pathways may be able to guide the institution of more specific therapies with the hope for improved outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Kalantari
- Divison of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mitchell H Rosner
- Divison of Nephrology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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20
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Forst AL, Reichold M, Kleta R, Warth R. Distinct Mitochondrial Pathologies Caused by Mutations of the Proximal Tubular Enzymes EHHADH and GATM. Front Physiol 2021; 12:715485. [PMID: 34349672 PMCID: PMC8326905 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria of the proximal tubule are essential for providing energy in this nephron segment, whose ATP generation is almost exclusively oxygen dependent. In addition, mitochondria are involved in a variety of metabolic processes and complex signaling networks. Proximal tubular mitochondrial dysfunction can therefore affect renal function in very different ways. Two autosomal dominantly inherited forms of renal Fanconi syndrome illustrate how multifaceted mitochondrial pathology can be: Mutation of EHHADH, an enzyme in fatty acid metabolism, results in decreased ATP synthesis and a consecutive transport defect. In contrast, mutations of GATM, an enzyme in the creatine biosynthetic pathway, leave ATP synthesis unaffected but do lead to mitochondrial protein aggregates, inflammasome activation, and renal fibrosis with progressive renal failure. In this review article, the distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of these two diseases are presented, which are examples of the spectrum of proximal tubular mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Forst
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Reichold
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Kleta
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Warth
- Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Durán M, Burballa C, Cantero-Recasens G, Butnaru CM, Malhotra V, Ariceta G, Sarró E, Meseguer A. Novel Dent disease 1 cellular models reveal biological processes underlying ClC-5 loss-of-function. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1413-1428. [PMID: 33987651 PMCID: PMC8283206 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dent disease 1 (DD1) is a rare X-linked renal proximal tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight proteinuria and variable degree of hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis and/or nephrolithiasis, progressing to chronic kidney disease. Although mutations in the electrogenic Cl-/H+ antiporter ClC-5, which impair endocytic uptake in proximal tubule cells, cause the disease, there is poor genotype-phenotype correlation and their contribution to proximal tubule dysfunction remains unclear. To further discover the mechanisms linking ClC-5 loss-of-function to proximal tubule dysfunction, we have generated novel DD1 cellular models depleted of ClC-5 and carrying ClC-5 mutants p.(Val523del), p.(Glu527Asp) and p.(Ile524Lys) using the human proximal tubule-derived RPTEC/TERT1 cell line. Our DD1 cellular models exhibit impaired albumin endocytosis, increased substrate adhesion and decreased collective migration, correlating with a less differentiated epithelial phenotype. Despite sharing functional features, these DD1 cell models exhibit different gene expression profiles, being p.(Val523del) ClC-5 the mutation showing the largest differences. Gene set enrichment analysis pointed to kidney development, anion homeostasis, organic acid transport, extracellular matrix organization and cell-migration biological processes as the most likely involved in DD1 pathophysiology. In conclusion, our results revealed the pathways linking ClC-5 mutations with tubular dysfunction and, importantly, provide new cellular models to further study DD1 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Durán
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Burballa
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Cantero-Recasens
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian M Butnaru
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vivek Malhotra
- Centre for Genomic Regulation, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gema Ariceta
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Sarró
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Meseguer
- Renal Physiopathology Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-CIBBIM Nanomedicine, Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Unitat de Bioquímica de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Bondue T, Arcolino FO, Veys KRP, Adebayo OC, Levtchenko E, van den Heuvel LP, Elmonem MA. Urine-Derived Epithelial Cells as Models for Genetic Kidney Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061413. [PMID: 34204173 PMCID: PMC8230018 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells exfoliated in human urine can include cells anywhere from the urinary tract and kidneys; however, podocytes and proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) are by far the most relevant cell types for the study of genetic kidney diseases. When maintained in vitro, they have been proven extremely valuable for discovering disease mechanisms and for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, cultured patient cells can individually represent their human sources and their specific variants for personalized medicine studies, which are recently gaining much interest. In this review, we summarize the methodology for establishing human podocyte and PTEC cell lines from urine and highlight their importance as kidney disease cell models. We explore the well-established and recent techniques of cell isolation, quantification, immortalization and characterization, and we describe their current and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjessa Bondue
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Fanny O. Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
| | - Koenraad R. P. Veys
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oyindamola C. Adebayo
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lambertus P. van den Heuvel
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (T.B.); (F.O.A.); (K.R.P.V.); (O.C.A.); (E.L.); (L.P.v.d.H.)
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mohamed A. Elmonem
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11628, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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