1
|
Guo J, Zhang C, Zhao H, Yan Y, Liu Z. The key mediator of diabetic kidney disease: Potassium channel dysfunction. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101119. [PMID: 38523672 PMCID: PMC10958065 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, making it a global public health concern. The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease have not been elucidated due to its complex pathogenesis. Thus, exploring these mechanisms from new perspectives is the current focus of research concerning diabetic kidney disease. Ion channels are important proteins that maintain the physiological functions of cells and organs. Among ion channels, potassium channels stand out, because they are the most common and important channels on eukaryotic cell surfaces and function as the basis for cell excitability. Certain potassium channel abnormalities have been found to be closely related to diabetic kidney disease progression and genetic susceptibility, such as KATP, KCa, Kir, and KV. In this review, we summarized the roles of different types of potassium channels in the occurrence and development of diabetic kidney disease to discuss whether the development of DKD is due to potassium channel dysfunction and present new ideas for the treatment of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Yufan Yan
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Nephrology Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Chronic Kidney Disease in Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
- Research Center for Kidney Disease, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Piwkowska A, Rachubik P, Typiak M, Kulesza T, Audzeyenka I, Saleem MA, Gruba N, Wysocka M, Lesner A, Rogacka D. ADAM10 as a major activator of reactive oxygen species production and klotho shedding in podocytes under diabetic conditions. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116328. [PMID: 38815628 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Early stages of diabetes are characterized by elevations of insulin and glucose concentrations. Both factors stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to impairments in podocyte function and disruption of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocytes were recently shown to be an important source of αKlotho (αKL) expression. Low blood Klotho concentrations are also associated with an increase in albuminuria, especially in patients with diabetes. We investigated whether ADAM10, which is known to cleave αKL, is activated in glomeruli and podocytes under diabetic conditions and the potential mechanisms by which ADAM10 mediates ROS production and disturbances of the glomerular filtration barrier. In cultured human podocytes, high glucose increased ADAM10 expression, shedding, and activity, NADPH oxidase activity, ROS production, and albumin permeability. These effects of glucose were inhibited when cells were pretreated with an ADAM10 inhibitor or transfected with short-hairpin ADAM10 (shADAM10) or after the addition soluble Klotho. We also observed increases in ADAM10 activity, NOX4 expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and ROS production in αKL-depleted podocytes. This was accompanied by an increase in albumin permeability in shKL-expressing podocytes. The protein expression and activity of ADAM10 also increased in isolated glomeruli and urine samples from diabetic rats. Altogether, these results reveal a new mechanism by which hyperglycemia in diabetes increases albumin permeability through ADAM10 activation and an increase in oxidative stress via NOX4 enzyme activation. Moreover, αKlotho downregulates ADAM10 activity and supports redox balance, consequently protecting the slit diaphragm of podocyteσ under hyperglycemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Biology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kulesza
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Gruba
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Adam Lesner
- University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qadri AH, Prajapati J, Faheem I, Bhattacharjee U, Padmanaban HK, Mulukala SKN, Pasupulati AK. Biophysical characterization and insights into the oligomeric nature of CD2-associated protein. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 15:20-33. [PMID: 38765876 PMCID: PMC11101965 DOI: 10.62347/uvsh8436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glomerular podocytes are specialized epithelial cells localized to the blood-urine interface of the kidney. Podocyte slit-diaphragm (SD), a size-and-charge-selective junction, is instrumental in blood ultrafiltration and the formation of protein-free urine. The SD consists of macromolecular complexes of several proteins, such as nephrin, podocin, and CD2-associated protein (CD2AP). CD2AP is an adapter protein and is considered to be crucial for the integrity of SD. Mutations in the SD proteins cause nephrotic syndrome (NS), characterized by proteinuria. SD proteins' structural features must be elucidated to understand the mechanism of proteinuria in NS. In this study, we expressed, purified, and biophysically characterized heterologously expressed human CD2AP. METHODS Codon-optimized human CD2AP was expressed in E. coli Rosetta cells. The recombinant protein was induced with 1 mM IPTG and purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Analytical size-exclusion chromatography, blue native-PAGE, circular dichroism, and fluorescence spectroscopy were performed to decipher the oligomeric nature, secondary structural content, and tertiary packing of CD2AP. RESULTS Our analysis revealed that CD2AP adopts a predominantly disordered secondary structure despite exhibiting moderate tertiary packing, characterized by low helical and β-sheet content. CD2AP readily assembles into homo-oligomers, with octamers and tetramers constituting the primary population. Interestingly, the inherent flexibility of CD2AP's secondary structural elements appears resistant to thermal denaturation. Frameshift mutation (p.K579Efs*7) that leads to loss of the coiled-coil domain promotes aberrant oligomerization of CD2AP through SH3 domains. CONCLUSION We successfully expressed full-length human CD2AP in a heterologous system, wherein the secondary structure of CD2AP is predominantly disordered. CD2AP can form higher-order oligomers, and the significance of these oligomers and the impact of mutations in the context of size-selective permeability of SD needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abrar H Qadri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, India
| | - Jyotsana Prajapati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, India
| | - Iqball Faheem
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of ScienceBangalore 560012, India
| | - Utsa Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, India
| | | | | | - Anil K Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of HyderabadHyderabad 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu T, Ji Y, Cui X, Liang N, Wu S, Xiang C, Li Y, Tao H, Xie Y, Zuo H, Wang W, Khan N, Ullah K, Xu F, Zhang Y, Lin C. Novel Pathogenic Mutation of P209L in TRPC6 Gene Causes Adult Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10651-y. [PMID: 38315264 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a leading kidney disease, clinically associated with proteinuria and progressive renal failure. The occurrence of this disease is partly related to gene mutations. We describe a single affected family member who presented with FSGS. We used high-throughput sequencing, sanger sequencing to identify the pathogenic mutations, and a systems genetics analysis in the BXD mice was conducted to explore the genetic regulatory mechanisms of pathogenic genes in the development of FSGS. We identified high urinary protein (++++) and creatinine levels (149 μmol/L) in a 29-year-old male diagnosed with a 5-year history of grade 2 hypertension. Histopathology of the kidney biopsy showed stromal hyperplasia at the glomerular segmental sclerosis and endothelial cell vacuolation degeneration. Whole-exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing revealed a heterozygous missense mutation (c.643C > T) in exon 2 of TRPC6, leading to the substitution of arginine with tryptophan at position 215 (p.Arg215Trp). Systems genetics analysis of the 53 BXD mice kidney transcriptomes identified Pygm as the upstream regulator of Trpc6. Those two genes are jointly involved in the regulation of FSGS mainly via Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways. We present a novel variant in the TRPC6 gene that causes FSGS. Moreover, our data suggested TRPC6 works with PYGM, as well as Wnt and Hippo signaling pathways to regulate renal function, which could guide future clinical prevention and targeted treatment for FSGS outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxi Yu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261042, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Yongqiang Ji
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Cui
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261042, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Liang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261042, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Chongjun Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Huiying Tao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Xie
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Hongwei Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
- The 2nd Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Nauman Khan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KP, Pakistan
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Chunhua Lin
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu R, Wen X, Peng X, Zhao M, Mi L, Lei J, Xu K. Immune podocytes in the immune microenvironment of lupus nephritis (Review). Mol Med Rep 2023; 28:204. [PMID: 37711069 PMCID: PMC10540031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder caused by the loss of tolerance to endogenous nuclear antigens such as double‑stranded DNA, leading to the proliferation of T cells and subsequent activation of B cells, which results in serious organ damage and life‑threatening complications such as lupus nephritis. Lupus nephritis (LN) develops as a frequent complication of SLE, accounting for >60% of SLE cases, and is characterized by proteinuria and heterogeneous histopathological findings. Glomerular injury serves a role in proteinuria as podocyte damage is the leading contributor. Numerous studies have reported that podocytes are involved in the immune response that promotes LN progression. In LN, immune complex deposition stimulates dendritic cells to secrete inflammatory cytokines that activate T cells and B cells. B cells secrete autoantibodies that attack and damage the renal podocytes, leading to renal podocyte injury. The injured podocytes trigger inflammatory cells through the expression of toll‑like receptors and trigger T cells through major histocompatibility complexes and CD86, thereby participating in the local immune response and the exacerbation of podocyte injury. Based on the existing literature, the present review summarizes the research progress of podocytes in LN under the local immune microenvironment of the kidney, explores the mechanism of podocyte injury under the immune microenvironment, and evaluates podocytes as a potential therapeutic target for LN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiling Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Basic Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, Shanxi 030619, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoting Wen
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Liangyu Mi
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jiamin Lei
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
May CJ, Chesor M, Hunter SE, Hayes B, Barr R, Roberts T, Barrington FA, Farmer L, Ni L, Jackson M, Snethen H, Tavakolidakhrabadi N, Goldstone M, Gilbert R, Beesley M, Lennon R, Foster R, Coward R, Welsh GI, Saleem MA. Podocyte protease activated receptor 1 stimulation in mice produces focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mirroring human disease signaling events. Kidney Int 2023; 104:265-278. [PMID: 36940798 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
About 30% of patients who have a kidney transplant with underlying nephrotic syndrome (NS) experience rapid relapse of disease in their new graft. This is speculated to be due to a host-derived circulating factor acting on podocytes, the target cells in the kidney, leading to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Our previous work suggests that podocyte membrane protease receptor 1 (PAR-1) is activated by a circulating factor in relapsing FSGS. Here, the role of PAR-1 was studied in human podocytes in vitro, and using a mouse model with developmental or inducible expression of podocyte-specific constitutively active PAR-1, and using biopsies from patients with nephrotic syndrome. In vitro podocyte PAR-1 activation caused a pro-migratory phenotype with phosphorylation of the kinase JNK, VASP protein and docking protein Paxillin. This signaling was mirrored in podocytes exposed to patient relapse-derived NS plasma and in patient disease biopsies. Both developmental and inducible activation of transgenic PAR-1 (NPHS2 Cre PAR-1Active+/-) caused early severe nephrotic syndrome, FSGS, kidney failure and, in the developmental model, premature death. We found that the non-selective cation channel protein TRPC6 could be a key modulator of PAR-1 signaling and TRPC6 knockout in our mouse model significantly improved proteinuria and extended lifespan. Thus, our work implicates podocyte PAR-1 activation as a key initiator of human NS circulating factor and that the PAR-1 signaling effects were partly modulated through TRPC6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl J May
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Bryony Hayes
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rachel Barr
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tim Roberts
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Lan Ni
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodney Gilbert
- Renal Medicine and Nephrology, Southampton General Hospital, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Matt Beesley
- Pathology Department, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, UK
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Matrix Research, Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medical and Health Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Richard Coward
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Moin A Saleem
- Bristol Renal, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma S, Xu J, Zheng Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Li H, Fang Z, Li J. Qian Yang Yu Yin granule improves hypertensive renal damage: A potential role for TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR-mediated autophagy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115878. [PMID: 36341814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Qian Yang Yu Yin granules (QYYYG) have a long history in the treatment of hypertensive renal damage (HRD) in China. Clinical studies have found that QYYYG stabilizes blood pressure and prevents early renal damage. However, the exact mechanism is not entirely clear. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the therapeutic effect and further explore the therapeutic mechanism of QYYYG against HRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of QYYYG in treating HRD was assessed in spontaneous hypertension rats (SHR). Renal autophagy and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway in rats were evaluated. The regulatory role of QYYYG in angiotensin II (Ang II) induced abnormal autophagy in rat podocytes was determined by detecting autophagy-related proteins, intracellular Ca2+ content, and the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway expressions. Finally, we established a stable rat podocyte cell line overexpressing TRPC6 and used the cells to verify the regulatory effects of QYYYG. RESULTS QYYYG alleviated HRD and reversed the abnormal expression of autophagy-related genes in the SHR. In vitro, QYYYG protected against Ang II-induced podocyte damage. Furthermore, treatment of podocytes with QYYYG reversed Ang II-induced autophagy and inhibited Ang II-stimulated TRPC6 activation, Ca2+ influx and activation CaMKKβ-AMPK pathway. Overexpression of TRPC6 resulted in pronounced activation of CaMKKβ, AMPK, and autophagy induction in rat podocytes, which were significantly attenuated by QYYYG. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that QYYYG may exert its HRD protective effects in part by regulating the abnormal autophagy of podocytes through the TRPC6-CaMKKβ-AMPK-mTOR pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Junyao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yawei Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zhuyuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Staruschenko A, Ma R, Palygin O, Dryer SE. Ion channels and channelopathies in glomeruli. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:787-854. [PMID: 36007181 PMCID: PMC9662803 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential step in renal function entails the formation of an ultrafiltrate that is delivered to the renal tubules for subsequent processing. This process, known as glomerular filtration, is controlled by intrinsic regulatory systems and by paracrine, neuronal, and endocrine signals that converge onto glomerular cells. In addition, the characteristics of glomerular fluid flow, such as the glomerular filtration rate and the glomerular filtration fraction, play an important role in determining blood flow to the rest of the kidney. Consequently, disease processes that initially affect glomeruli are the most likely to lead to end-stage kidney failure. The cells that comprise the glomerular filter, especially podocytes and mesangial cells, express many different types of ion channels that regulate intrinsic aspects of cell function and cellular responses to the local environment, such as changes in glomerular capillary pressure. Dysregulation of glomerular ion channels, such as changes in TRPC6, can lead to devastating glomerular diseases, and a number of channels, including TRPC6, TRPC5, and various ionotropic receptors, are promising targets for drug development. This review discusses glomerular structure and glomerular disease processes. It also describes the types of plasma membrane ion channels that have been identified in glomerular cells, the physiological and pathophysiological contexts in which they operate, and the pathways by which they are regulated and dysregulated. The contributions of these channels to glomerular disease processes, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, as well as the development of drugs that target these channels are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- Hypertension and Kidney Research Center, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
- James A. Haley Veterans Hospital, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jiang S, Gu L, Hu Y, Ren Y, Yang Z, Chai C, Yu B, Ge H, Cao Z, Zhao F. Inhibition of TRPC6 suppressed TGFβ-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation in renal interstitial NRK-49F cells. Exp Cell Res 2022; 421:113374. [PMID: 36206825 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a global health concern with limited curative treatment. Canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6), a nonselective cation channel, has been shown to regulate the renal fibrosis in murine models. However, the molecular mechanism is unclear. Fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation is one of the critical steps in the progression of renal fibrosis. In the present study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 exposure significantly increases the TRPC6 expression in renal interstitial fibroblast NRK-49F cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPC6 and knockdown of Trpc6 by siRNA alleviate TGF-β1-increased expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I, two key markers of myofibroblasts. Although direct activation of TRPC6 by 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG) does not affect the expression of α-SMA and collagen I, OAG potentiates TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. Further study demonstrates that TGF-β1 exposure increases the phosphorylation level of p38 and Yes-associated protein (YAP) translocation into the nuclei. Inhibition of p38 and YAP decreases TGF-β1-enhanced TRPC6 and α-SMA expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that TRPC6 is a key regulator of TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast transdifferentiation and provides the mechanism of how TGF-β1 exposure regulates TRPC6 expression in NRK-49F fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Lifei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Younan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Zhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Haitao Ge
- Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225500, China
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Fang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Oezel C, Papadakis A, Kuczkowski A, Benzing T, Gulbins E, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Deficiency Reproduces Lipid Alterations of Diabetic and Inflammatory Glomerular Disease and Affects TRPC6 Signaling. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223625. [PMID: 36429053 PMCID: PMC9688324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and inflammatory diseases are associated with an altered cellular lipid composition due to lipid peroxidation. The pathogenic potential of these lipid alterations in glomerular kidney diseases remains largely obscure as suitable cell culture and animal models are lacking. In glomerular disease, a loss of terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells called podocytes refers to irreversible damage. Podocytes are characterized by a complex ramified cellular architecture and highly active transmembrane signaling. Alterations in lipid composition in states of disease have been described in podocytes but the pathophysiologic mechanisms mediating podocyte damage are unclear. In this study, we employ a genetic deletion of the anti-oxidative, lipid-modifying paraoxonase 2 enzyme (PON2) as a model to study altered cellular lipid composition and its effects on cellular signaling in glomerular disease. PON2 deficiency reproduces features of an altered lipid composition of glomerular disease, characterized by an increase in ceramides and cholesterol. PON2 knockout mice are more susceptible to glomerular damage in models of aggravated oxidative stress such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Voltage clamp experiments in cultured podocytes reveal a largely increased TRPC6 conductance after a membrane stretch in PON2 deficiency. Correspondingly, a concomitant knockout of TRPC6 and PON2 partially rescues the aggravated glomerular phenotype of a PON2 knockout in the adriamycin model. This study establishes PON2 deficiency as a model to investigate the pathophysiologic mechanisms of podocyte dysfunction related to alterations in the lipid composition, as seen in diabetic and inflammatory glomerular disease. Expanding the knowledge on these routes and options of intervention could lead to novel treatment strategies for glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonios Papadakis
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Kuczkowski
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu X, Wang X, Ma H, Zhang W. Mechanisms underlying acupuncture therapy in chronic kidney disease: A narrative overview of preclinical studies and clinical trials. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:1006506. [PMID: 37675019 PMCID: PMC10479635 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.1006506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high incidence, low awareness, and high disability rates among the population. Moreover, the disease significantly affects the physical and mental health of patients. Approximately 25% of patients with CKD develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD) within 20 years of diagnosis and have to rely on renal replacement therapy, which is associated with high mortality, heavy economic burden, and symptoms including fatigue, pain, insomnia, uremia pruritus, and restless leg syndrome. Currently, the means to delay the progress of CKD are insufficient; therefore, developing strategies for delaying CKD progression has important practical implications. In recent years, more and more people are accepting the traditional Chinese medical technique "acupuncture." Acupuncture has been shown to improve the uncomfortable symptoms of various diseases through stimulation (needling, medicinal moxibustion, infrared radiation, and acupressure) of acupoints. Its application has been known for thousands of years, and its safety and efficacy have been verified. As a convenient and inexpensive complementary therapy for CKD, acupuncture has recently been gaining interest among clinicians and scientists. Nevertheless, although clinical trials and meta-analysis findings have demonstrated the efficacy of acupuncture in reducing albuminuria, improving glomerular filtration rate, relieving symptoms, and improving the quality of life of patients with CKD, the underlying mechanisms involved are still not completely understood. Few studies explored the correlation between acupuncture and renal pathological diagnosis. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review summarizing the currently known mechanisms by which acupuncture could delay the progress of CKD and improve symptoms in patients with ESRD. This review help provide a theoretical basis for further research regarding the influence of acupuncture on renal pathology in patients with CKD, as well as the differences between specific therapeutic mechanisms of acupuncture in different renal pathological diagnosis. The evidence in this review indicates that acupuncture may produce marked effects on blocking and reversing the critical risk factors of CKD progression (e.g., hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, aging, and anemia) to improve the survival of patients with CKD via mechanisms including oxidative stress inhibition, reducing inflammatory effects, improving hemodynamics, maintaining podocyte structure, and increasing energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyin Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Lin’An District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Polydatin Ameliorates High Fructose-Induced Podocyte Oxidative Stress via Suppressing HIF-1α/NOX4 Pathway. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102202. [PMID: 36297636 PMCID: PMC9609044 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term high fructose intake drives oxidative stress, causing glomerular podocyte injury. Polydatin, isolated from Chinese herbal medicine Polygonum cuspidatum, is used as an antioxidant agent that protects kidney function. However, it remains unclear how polydatin prevents oxidative stress-driven podocyte damage. In this study, polydatin attenuated high fructose-induced high expression of HIF-1α, inhibited NOX4-mediated stromal cell-derived factor-1α/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis activation, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes. As a result, polydatin up-regulated nephrin and podocin, down-regulated transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) in these animal and cell models. Moreover, the data from HIF-1α siRNA transfection showed that high fructose increased NOX4 expression and aggravated SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activation in an HIF-1α-dependent manner, whereas polydatin down-regulated HIF-1α to inhibit NOX4 and suppressed SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis activation, ameliorating high fructose-induced podocyte oxidative stress and injury. These findings demonstrated that high fructose-driven HIF-1α/NOX4 pathway controlled podocyte oxidative stress damage. Intervention of this disturbance by polydatin could help the development of the therapeutic strategy to combat podocyte damage associated with high fructose diet.
Collapse
|
13
|
Critical contributions of pre-S1 shoulder and distal TRP box in DAG-activated TRPC6 channel by PIP 2 regulation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10766. [PMID: 35750783 PMCID: PMC9232555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 or PIP2) regulates the activities of numerous membrane proteins, including diacylglycerol(DAG)-activated TRPC3/6/7 channels. Although PIP2 binding is known to support DAG-activated TRP channel activity, its binding site remains unknown. We screened for PIP2 binding sites within TRPC6 channels through extensive mutagenesis. Using voltage-sensitive phosphatase (DrVSP), we found that Arg437 and Lys442, located in the channel’s pre-S1 domain/shoulder, are crucial for interaction with PIP2. To gain structural insights, we conducted computer protein–ligand docking simulations with the pre-S1 domain/shoulder of TRPC6 channels. Further, the functional significance of PIP2 binding to the pre-S1 shoulder was assessed for receptor-operated channel functions, cross-reactivity to DAG activation, and the kinetic model simulation. These results revealed that basic residues in the pre-S1 domain/shoulder play a central role in the regulation of PIP2-dependent gating. In addition, neutralizing mutation of K771 in the distal TRP box reversed the effect of PIP2 depletion from inhibiting to potentiating channel activity. A similar effect was seen in TRPV1 channels, which suggests that TRPC6 possesses a common but robust polarity switch mediating the PIP2-dependent effect. Overall, these mutagenesis studies reveal functional and structural insights for how basic residues and channel segments in TRP channels are controlled through phosphoinositides recognition.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bobkov D, Semenova S. Impact of lipid rafts on transient receptor potential channel activities. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2034-2044. [PMID: 35014032 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily are cation channels that are expressed in nearly every mammalian cell type and respond as cellular sensors to various environmental stimuli. Light, pressure, osmolarity, temperature, and other stimuli can induce TRP calcium conductivity and correspondingly trigger many signaling processes in cells. Disruption of TRP channel activity, as a rule, harms cellular function. Despite numerous studies, the mechanisms of TRP channel regulation are not yet sufficiently clear, in part, because TRP channels are regulated by a broad set of ligands having diverse physical and chemical features. It is now known that some TRP members are located in membrane microdomains termed lipid rafts. Moreover, interaction between specific raft-associated lipids with channels may be a key regulation mechanism. This review examines recent findings related to the roles of lipid rafts in regulation of TRP channel activity. The mechanistic events of channel interactions with the main lipid raft constituent, cholesterol, are being clarified. Better understanding of mechanisms behind such interactions would help establish the key elements of TRP channel regulation and hence allow control of cellular responses to environmental stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danila Bobkov
- Laboratory of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana Semenova
- Laboratory of Ionic Mechanisms of Cell Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang Z, Fu Y, do Carmo JM, da Silva AA, Li X, Mouton A, Omoto ACM, Sears J, Hall JE. Transient receptor potential cation channel 6 contributes to kidney injury induced by diabetes and hypertension. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F76-F88. [PMID: 34866402 PMCID: PMC8742740 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00296.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) are major risk factors for chronic kidney injury, together accounting for >70% of end-stage renal disease. In this study, we assessed whether DM and HTN interact synergistically to promote kidney dysfunction and whether transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6) contributes to this synergism. In wild-type (WT; B6/129s background) and TRPC6 knockout (KO) mice, DM was induced by streptozotocin injection to increase fasting glucose levels to 250-350 mg/dL. HTN was induced by aorta constriction (AC) between the renal arteries. AC increased blood pressure (BP) by ∼25 mmHg in the right kidney (above AC), whereas BP in the left kidney (below AC) returned to near normal after 8 wk, with both kidneys exposed to the same levels of blood glucose, circulating hormones, and neural influences. Kidneys of WT mice exposed to DM or HTN alone had only mild glomerular injury and urinary albumin excretion. In contrast, WT kidneys exposed to DM plus HTN (WT-DM + AC mice) for 8 wk had much greater increases in albumin excretion and histological injury. Marked increased apoptosis was also observed in the right kidneys of WT-DM + AC mice. In contrast, in TRPC6 KO mice with DM + AC, right kidneys exposed to the same levels of high BP and high glucose had lower albumin excretion and less glomerular damage and apoptotic cell injury compared with right kidneys of WT-DM + AC mice. Our results suggest that TRPC6 may contribute to the interaction of DM and HTN to promote kidney dysfunction and apoptotic cell injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A major new finding of this study is that the combination of moderate diabetes and hypertension promoted marked renal dysfunction, albuminuria, and apoptotic cell injury, and that these effects were greatly ameliorated by transient receptor potential cation channel 6 deficiency. These results suggest that transient receptor potential cation channel 6 may play an important role in contributing to the interaction of diabetes and hypertension to promote kidney injury.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Albuminuria/metabolism
- Albuminuria/pathology
- Albuminuria/physiopathology
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Blood Pressure
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Female
- Glomerular Filtration Rate
- Hypertension/complications
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/physiopathology
- Risk Factors
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/genetics
- TRPC6 Cation Channel/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Yiling Fu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jussara M do Carmo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alexandre A da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alan Mouton
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ana Carolina M Omoto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Jaylan Sears
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - John E Hall
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yao X, Guo H, Sun M, Meng S, Zhu B, Fang J, Huang J, Wang H, Xing L. Klotho Ameliorates Podocyte Injury through Targeting TRPC6 Channel in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:1329380. [PMID: 35480629 PMCID: PMC9038427 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1329380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte damage is vital for the etiopathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Klotho (KL), a multifunctional protein, has been demonstrated to have renoprotective effects; nevertheless, the mechanism for protective effect has not been completely elucidated. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6), a potential target of KL, is implicated in glomerular pathophysiology. Here, we sought to determine whether KL could protect against podocyte injury through inhibiting TRPC6 in DN. We found that high glucose (HG) triggered podocyte injury as manifested by actin cytoskeleton damage along with the downregulation of KL and Synaptopodin and the upregulation of TRPC6. KL overexpression reversed HG-induced podocytes injury, whereas cotreatment with TRPC6 activator flufenamic acid (FFA) significantly abrogated the beneficial effects conferred by KL. Moreover, KL knockdown in podocytes resulted in actin cytoskeleton impairment, decreased Synaptopodin expression, and increased TRPC6 expression. In db/db mice, KL overexpression inhibited TRPC6 expression and attenuated diabetes-induced podocyte injury, which was accompanied by decreased albuminuria and ameliorated glomerulosclerosis. Our data provided novel mechanistic insights for KL against DN and highlighted TRPC6 as a new target for KL in podocytes to prevent DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmei Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hengjiang Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Sixuan Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bingbing Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Ji Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiebo Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Lina Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Youssef N, Noureldein M, Njeim R, Ghadieh HE, Harb F, Azar ST, Fares N, Eid AA. Reno-Protective Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Type1 Diabetes: Dual Action on TRPC6 and NADPH Oxidases. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101360. [PMID: 34680477 PMCID: PMC8533165 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a serious diabetic complication, results in podocyte loss and proteinuria through NADPH oxidases (NOX)-mediated ROS production. DUOX1 and 2 are NOX enzymes that require calcium for their activation which enters renal cells through the pivotal TRPC channels. Hypoglycemic drugs such as liraglutide can interfere with this deleterious mechanism imparting reno-protection. Herein, we aim to investigate the reno-protective effect of GLP1 receptor agonist (GLP1-RA), via its effect on TRPC6 and NADPH oxidases. To achieve our aim, control or STZ-induced T1DM Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Rats were treated with liraglutide, metformin, or their combination. Functional, histological, and molecular parameters of the kidneys were assessed. Our results show that treatment with liraglutide, metformin or their combination ameliorates DKD by rectifying renal function tests and protecting against fibrosis paralleled by restored mRNA levels of nephrin, DUOX1 and 2, and reduced ROS production. Treatment with liraglutide reduces TRPC6 expression, while metformin treatment shows no effect. Furthermore, TRPC6 was found to be directly interacting with nephrin, and indirectly interacting with DUOX1, DUOX2 and GLP1-R. Our findings suggest that treatment with liraglutide may prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy by modulating the crosstalk between TRPC6 and NADPH oxidases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Youssef
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (N.Y.); (M.N.); (R.N.); (H.E.G.)
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (N.Y.); (M.N.); (R.N.); (H.E.G.)
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Rachel Njeim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (N.Y.); (M.N.); (R.N.); (H.E.G.)
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (N.Y.); (M.N.); (R.N.); (H.E.G.)
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Jdeidat P.O. Box 90656, Lebanon;
| | - Sami T. Azar
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Nassim Fares
- Laboratory of Physiology and Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Damas Street, 11-5076, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2180, Lebanon
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (A.A.E.); Tel.: +961-(1)-421000 (ext. 6772) (N.F.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4781) (A.A.E.)
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon; (N.Y.); (M.N.); (R.N.); (H.E.G.)
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 11-0236, Riad El-Solh, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon;
- Correspondence: (N.F.); (A.A.E.); Tel.: +961-(1)-421000 (ext. 6772) (N.F.); +961-1-350000 (ext. 4781) (A.A.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Afsar B, Afsar RE, Demiray A, Covic A, Kanbay M. Deciphering nutritional interventions for podocyte structure and function. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105852. [PMID: 34450318 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite increasing awareness and therapeutic options chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still and important health problem and glomerular diseases constitute and important percentage of CKD. Proteinuria/albuminuria is not just a marker; but it also plays a direct pathogenic role in renal disease progression of CKD. Glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) which consists of fenestrated endothelial cells, fused basal membrane and interdigitating podocyte foot process and filtration slits between foot process is the major barrier for proteinuria/albuminuria. Many glomerular diseases are characterized by disruption of GFB podocytes, foot process and slit diaphragm. Many proteinuric diseases are non-specifically targeted by therapeutic agents such as steroids and calcineurin inhibitors with systemic side effects. Thus, there is unmet need for more efficient and less toxic therapeutic options to treat glomerular diseases. In recent years, modification of dietary intake, has been gained to treat pathologic processes introducing the concept of 'food as a medicine'. The effect of various nutritional products on podocyte function and structure is also trending, especially in recent years. In the current review, we summarized the effect of nutritional interventions on podocyte function and structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey.
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Atalay Demiray
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li G, Kidd J, Gehr TWB, Li PL. Podocyte Sphingolipid Signaling in Nephrotic Syndrome. Cell Physiol Biochem 2021; 55:13-34. [PMID: 33861526 PMCID: PMC8193717 DOI: 10.33594/000000356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes play a vital role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome (NS), which is clinically characterized by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and peripheral edema. The pathogenesis of NS has evolved through several hypotheses ranging from immune dysregulation theory and increased glomerular permeability theory to the current concept of podocytopathy. Podocytopathy is characterized by dysfunction or depletion of podocytes, which may be caused by unknown permeability factor, genetic disorders, drugs, infections, systemic disorders, and hyperfiltration. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have been done to explore the molecular mechanisms of podocyte injuries or NS and to develop the novel therapeutic strategies targeting podocytopathy for treatment of NS. Recent studies have shown that normal sphingolipid metabolism is essential for structural and functional integrity of podocytes. As a basic component of the plasma membrane, sphingolipids not only support the assembly of signaling molecules and interaction of receptors and effectors, but also mediate various cellular activities, such as apoptosis, proliferation, stress responses, necrosis, inflammation, autophagy, senescence, and differentiation. This review briefly summarizes current evidence demonstrating the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism in podocytes and the canonical or noncanonical roles of podocyte sphingolipid signaling in the pathogenesis of NS and associated therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jason Kidd
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Todd W B Gehr
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Z, Zhang H, Zhao S, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Han Y, Shao L, Zhao X. Novel gain-of-function mutation of TRPC6 Q134P contributes to late onset focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in a Chinese pedigree. Nephrology (Carlton) 2021; 26:1018-1025. [PMID: 34387384 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS, OMIM®#603 965) is an overriding cause that leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). As a member of TRP superfamily, mutations of TRPC6 gene are closely linked to FSGS. By now, 20 missense mutations have been reported, among them, nine gain-of-function (GOF), and five loss-of-function (LOF) mutations have been recognized according to the effect on TRPC6 channel activity. Systematic investigations of functional mutations will provide valuable evidences for understanding the pathophysiology of TRPC6 involved in FSGS. The aim of this study is to investigate the pathogenicity of a novel TRPC6 mutation p.Q134P in FSGS. METHODS High-throughput sequencing was performed to analyse 436 genes which are associated with hereditary kidney diseases in a Chinese pedigree. Then we constructed TRPC6 expression plasmids of wide type and variant. Immunofluorescence, cell-surface biotinylation assays and electrophysiology were used to analyse the localization, cell surface expression, and calcium transport activity of TRPC6. RESULTS A novel variant c.401A>C (p.Q134P) in exon 2 of TRPC6 gene was found. There was no significant difference between the expression levels of p.Q134P mutant and WT TRPC6 protein in the whole cell lysate and cell-surface fraction. Q134P mutant-bearing TRPC6 elicited much higher Ca+ current amplitude than WT. CONCLUSION We identified a novel GOF mutation p.Q134P of TRPC6 which contributed to late-onset FSGS. Our study expands the mutational spectrum of TRPC6 associated with FSGS and furtherly supports the hypothesis of calcium dose-response dependency that a moderate increased calcium influx elicited a mild FSGS phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shipeng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruixiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Leping Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangzhong Zhao
- Medical Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rogacka D. Insulin resistance in glomerular podocytes: Potential mechanisms of induction. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 710:109005. [PMID: 34371008 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Glomerular podocytes are a target for the actions of insulin. Accumulating evidence indicates that exposure to nutrient overload induces insulin resistance in these cells, manifested by abolition of the stimulatory effect of insulin on glucose uptake. Numerous recent studies have investigated potential mechanisms of the induction of insulin resistance in podocytes. High glucose concentrations stimulated reactive oxygen species production through NADPH oxidase activation, decreased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, and reduced deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein levels and activity. Calcium signaling involving transient receptor potential cation channel C, member 6 (TRPC6) also was demonstrated to play an essential role in the regulation of insulin-dependent signaling and glucose uptake in podocytes. Furthermore, podocytes exposed to diabetic environment, with elevated insulin levels become insulin resistant as a result of degradation of insulin receptor (IR), resulting in attenuation of insulin signaling responsiveness. Also elevated levels of palmitic acid appear to be an important factor and contributor to podocytes insulin resistance. This review summarizes cellular and molecular alterations that contribute to the development of insulin resistance in glomerular podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Rogacka
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; University of Gdansk, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mulukala SKN, Kambhampati V, Qadri AH, Pasupulati AK. Evolutionary conservation of intrinsically unstructured regions in slit-diaphragm proteins. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254917. [PMID: 34288970 PMCID: PMC8294545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate kidneys contribute to homeostasis by regulating electrolyte, acid-base balance, removing toxic metabolites from blood, and preventing protein loss into the urine. Glomerular podocytes constitute the blood-urine barrier, and podocyte slit-diaphragm (SD), a modified tight junction, contributes to the glomerular permselectivity. Nephrin, KIRREL1, podocin, CD2AP, and TRPC6 are crucial members of the SD that interact with each other and contribute to the SD's structural and functional integrity. This study analyzed the distribution of these five essential SD proteins across the organisms for which the genome sequence is available. We found a diverse distribution of nephrin and KIRREL1 ranging from nematodes to higher vertebrates, whereas podocin, CD2AP, and TRPC6 are restricted to the vertebrates. Among invertebrates, nephrin and its orthologs consist of more immunoglobulin-3 domains, whereas in the vertebrates, CD80-like C2-set domains are predominant. In the case of KIRREL1 and its orthologs, more Ig domains were observed in invertebrates than vertebrates. Src Homology-3 (SH3) domain of CD2AP and SPFH domain of podocin are highly conserved among vertebrates. TRPC6 and its orthologs had conserved ankyrin repeats, TRP, and ion transport domains, except Chondrichthyes and Echinodermata, which do not possess the ankyrin repeats. Intrinsically unstructured regions (IURs) are conserved across the SD orthologs, suggesting IURs importance in the protein complexes that constitute the slit-diaphragm. For the first time, a study reports the evolutionary insights of vertebrate SD proteins and their invertebrate orthologs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep K N Mulukala
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vaishnavi Kambhampati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abrar H Qadri
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anil K Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wen JY, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ma ZY, Zhang F, Xie WM, Fan YF, Duan JS, Chen ZW. Endothelium-derived hydrogen sulfide acts as a hyperpolarizing factor and exerts neuroprotective effects via activation of large-conductance Ca 2+ -activated K + channels. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4155-4175. [PMID: 34216027 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) has been suggested as a therapeutic target for vascular protection against ischaemic brain injury. However, the molecular entity of EDHF and its action on neurons remains unclear. This study was undertaken to demonstrate whether the hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) acts as EDHF and exerts neuroprotective effect via large-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BKCa /KCa 1.1) channels. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The whole-cell patch-clamp technology was used to record the changes of BKCa currents in rat neurons induced by EDHF. The cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion model of mice and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model of neurons were used to explore the neuroprotection of EDHF by activating BKCa channels in these neurons. KEY RESULTS Increases of BKCa currents and membrane hyperpolarization in hippocampal neurons induced by EDHF could be markedly inhibited by BKCa channel inhibitor iberiotoxin or endothelial H2 S synthase inhibitor propargylglycine. The H2 S donor, NaHS-induced BKCa current and membrane hyperpolarization in neurons were also inhibited by iberiotoxin, suggesting that H2 S acts as EDHF and activates the neuronal BKCa channels. Besides, we found that the protective effect of endothelium-derived H2 S against mice cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury was disrupted by iberiotoxin. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of NaHS or BKCa channel opener on OGD/R-induced neuron injury and the increment of intracellular Ca2+ level could be inhibited by iberiotoxin but enhanced by co-application with L-type but not T-type calcium channel inhibitor. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Endothelium-derived H2 S acts as EDHF and exerts neuroprotective effects via activating the BKCa channels and then inhibiting the T-type calcium channels in hippocampal neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yue Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zi-Yao Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Ming Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yi-Fei Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Si Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Wu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
TRPC3 is a Ca2+-permeable cation channel commonly activated by the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and mechanical distortion of the plasma membrane. TRPC3-mediated Ca2+ influx has been implicated in a variety of signaling processes in both excitable and non-excitable cells. Kidneys play a commanding role in maintaining whole-body homeostasis and setting blood pressure. TRPC3 is expressed abundantly in the renal vasculature and in epithelial cells, where it is well positioned to mediate signaling and transport functions in response to GPCR-dependent endocrine stimuli. In addition, TRPC3 could be activated by mechanical forces resulting from dynamic changes in the renal tubule fluid flow and osmolarity. This review critically analyzes the available published evidence of the physiological roles of TRPC3 in different parts of the kidney and describes the pathophysiological ramifications of TRPC3 ablation. We also speculate how this evidence could be further translated into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Hassanzadeh Khayyat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viktor N Tomilin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oleg Zaika
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Oleh Pochynyuk
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu S, Han R, Chen L, Qin W, Xu X, Shi J, Zhu X, Zhang M, Zeng C, Tang Z, Bao H, Liu Z. Upregulated LRRC55 promotes BK channel activation and aggravates cell injury in podocytes. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20192373. [PMID: 33346797 PMCID: PMC7756252 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a common hallmark in various glomerular diseases. The level of LRRC55 was increased in podocytes of patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and membranous nephropathy (MN). Upregulated LRRC55 and increased intracellular Ca2+ led to BK channel activation and the loss of intracellular potassium, resulting in apoptosome formation and caspase-3 activation in angiotensin II (Ang II)-treated podocytes. Knockout of Lrrc55 or the BK channel prevented the BK current and ameliorated podocyte injury in Ang II-treated mice. Upstream, NFATc3 regulated the expression of LRRC55. Increased LRRC55 expression in podocytes was also evident in animal models of FSGS, DN, and MN. Treatment with losartan or LRRC55 siRNA suppressed LRRC55 expression, prevented BK channel activation, and attenuated podocyte injury in animal models of FSGS, DN, and MN. In conclusion, upregulated LRRC55 promotes BK channel activation and aggravates cell injury in podocytes in FSGS, DN, and MN. LRRC55 inhibition may represent a new therapeutic approach for podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Runhong Han
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- National Standard Laboratory of Pharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weisong Qin
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingsong Shi
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Bao
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels that are expressed in the kidney have gained prominence in recent years following discoveries of their role in maintaining the integrity of the filtration barrier, regulating tubular reabsorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+, and sensing osmotic stimuli. Furthermore, evidence has linked mutations in TRP channels to kidney disease pathophysiological mechanisms, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, disturbances in Mg2+ homeostasis, and polycystic kidney disease. Several subtypes of TRP channels are expressed in the renal vasculature, from preglomerular arteries and arterioles to the descending vasa recta. Although investigations on the physiological and pathological significance of renal vascular TRP channels are sparse, studies on isolated vessels and cells have suggested their involvement in renal vasoregulation. Renal blood flow (RBF) is an essential determinant of kidney function, including glomerular filtration, water and solute reabsorption, and waste product excretion. Functional alterations in ion channels that are expressed in the endothelium and smooth muscle of renal vessels can modulate renal vascular resistance, arterial pressure, and RBF. Hence, renal vascular TRP channels are potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of kidney disease. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TRP channel expression in renal vasculature and their role in controlling kidney function in health and disease. TRP channels are widely distributed in mammalian kidneys in glomerular, tubular, and vascular cells. TRPC and TRPV channels are functionally expressed in afferent arterioles. TRPC4 may regulate Ca2+ signaling in the descending vasa recta. Smooth muscle, endothelial, and pericyte TRP channels may participate in signal transduction mechanisms. TRP channels underlie renal autoregulation and regional kidney perfusion in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Luo R, Yang K, Wang F, Xu C, Yang T. (Pro)renin receptor decoy peptide PRO20 protects against adriamycin-induced nephropathy by targeting the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F930-F940. [PMID: 32865014 PMCID: PMC7701266 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00279.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adriamycin (ADR) administration in susceptible rodents such as the BALB/c mouse strain produces injury to the glomerulus mimicking human chronic kidney disease due to primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The goal of the present study was to use this model to investigate antiproteinuric actions of the (pro)renin receptor decoy inhibitor PRO20. BALB/c mice were pretreated for 1 day with PRO20 at 500 μg·kg-1·day-1 via an osmotic minipump followed by a single injection of vehicle or ADR (10 mg/kg) via the tail vein. Albuminuria and renal function were analyzed at the fourth week post-ADR administration. ADR-treated mice exhibited severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia, glomerulosclerosis, podocyte loss, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and oxidative stress, accompanied by elevated urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1, all of which were significantly attenuated by PRO20. Urinary and renal renin activity and angiotensin II were elevated by ADR and suppressed by PRO20. In parallel, urinary and renal H2O2 levels and renal NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and transient receptor potential channel C6 (TRPC6) expression in response to ADR were all similarly suppressed. Taken together, the results of the present study provide the first evidence that PRO20 can protect against podocyte damage and interstitial fibrosis in ADR nephropathy by preventing activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system and upregulation of Nox4 and TRPC6 expression. PRO20 may have a potential application in the treatment of ADR nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renfei Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kevin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Blaine J, Dylewski J. Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton in Podocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071700. [PMID: 32708597 PMCID: PMC7408282 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are an integral part of the glomerular filtration barrier, a structure that prevents filtration of large proteins and macromolecules into the urine. Podocyte function is dependent on actin cytoskeleton regulation within the foot processes, structures that link podocytes to the glomerular basement membrane. Actin cytoskeleton dynamics in podocyte foot processes are complex and regulated by multiple proteins and other factors. There are two key signal integration and structural hubs within foot processes that regulate the actin cytoskeleton: the slit diaphragm and focal adhesions. Both modulate actin filament extension as well as foot process mobility. No matter what the initial cause, the final common pathway of podocyte damage is dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton leading to foot process retraction and proteinuria. Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton can be due to acquired causes or to genetic mutations in key actin regulatory and signaling proteins. Here, we describe the major structural and signaling components that regulate the actin cytoskeleton in podocytes as well as acquired and genetic causes of actin dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Blaine
- Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - James Dylewski
- Renal Division, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Denver Health Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +303-724-4841
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Structural features and oligomeric nature of human podocin domain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100774. [PMID: 32617419 PMCID: PMC7322680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocytes are crucial cells of the glomerular filtration unit and plays a vital role at the interface of the blood-urine barrier. Podocyte slit-diaphragm is a modified tight junction that facilitates size and charge-dependent permselectivity. Several proteins including podocin, nephrin, CD2AP, and TRPC6 form a macromolecular assembly and constitute the slit-diaphragm. Podocin is an integral membrane protein attached to the inner membrane of the podocyte via a short transmembrane region (101–125). The cytosolic N- and C-terminus help podocin to attain a hook-like structure. Podocin shares 44% homology with stomatin family proteins and similar to the stomatin proteins, podocin was shown to associate into higher-order oligomers at the site of slit-diaphragm. However, the stoichiometry of the homo-oligomers and how it partakes in the macromolecular assemblies with other slit-diaphragm proteins remains elusive. Here we investigated the oligomeric propensity of a truncated podocin construct (residues:126–350). We show that the podocin domain majorly homo-oligomerizes into a 16-mer. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that the 16-mer oligomer has considerable secondary structure and moderate tertiary packing. Cloning, expression, and purification of truncated podocin (residues: 126–350). The truncated podocin predominantly associates into 16mer oligomers. The oligomers though possesses secondary structure lacks tight tertiary packing. The oligomeric ensemble has different dissociation temperatures.
Collapse
Key Words
- CD, Circular dichroism
- CD2AP, CD-2 associated protein
- GFB, Glomerular filtration barrier
- IDRs, Intrinsically disordered regions
- MALS, multi-angle light scattering
- NEPH, Nephrin-like protein
- NPHS1 & 2, Nephrotic syndrome-type I and type II
- NS, Nephrotic syndrome
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Podocin
- Podocyte
- Proteinuria
- SD, slit-diaphragm
- SEC, Size-exclusion chromatography
- SRNS, steroid-resistant NS
- Slit-diaphragm
- TRPC6, Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6
- ZO-1, Zonula occludens-1
Collapse
|
30
|
Metformin reduces TRPC6 expression through AMPK activation and modulates cytoskeleton dynamics in podocytes under diabetic conditions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Mechanisms of Synergistic Interactions of Diabetes and Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: Role of Mitochondrial Dysfunction and ER Stress. Curr Hypertens Rep 2020; 22:15. [PMID: 32016622 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-020-1016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the importance of synergistic interactions of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HT) in causing chronic kidney disease and the potential molecular mechanisms involved. RECENT FINDINGS DM and HT are the two most important risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The combination of HT and DM may synergistically promote the progression of renal injury through mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated. Hyperglycemia and other metabolic changes in DM initiate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial (MT) adaptation in different types of glomerular cells. These adaptations appear to make the cells more vulnerable to HT-induced mechanical stress. Excessive activation of mechanosensors, possibly via transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6), may lead to impaired calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis and further exacerbate ER stress and MT dysfunction promoting cellular apoptosis and glomerular injury. The synergistic effects of HT and DM to promote kidney injury may be mediated by increased intraglomerular pressure. Chronic activation of mechanotransduction signaling may amplify metabolic effects of DM causing cellular injury through a vicious cycle of impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress.
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang Y, Li ZL, Wang FM, Tang RN, Tu Y, Liu H. MicroRNA26a inhibits cisplatin-induced renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis through suppressing the expression of transient receptor potential channel 6 mediated dynamin-related protein 1. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:384-391. [PMID: 31887787 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common adverse reaction of the anticancer drug. Among these chemotherapeutic agents, cisplatin, an effective chemotherapeutic drug, is extensively applied to the treatment of solid tumours, yet various adverse reactions, especially AKI, often limit their use. However, the pathogenesis of AKI caused by cisplatin remains poorly clarified. Therefore, we tested whether microRNAs, which have been certified as key regulators of disease are involved in this process. AKI mouse and HK2 cells were treated with cisplatin. Annexin V/PI staining and cleaved caspase-3 were used to assess apoptosis. Western blot analyses and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the protein and mRNA level of TRPC6 and DRP1. miR-26a was remarkably decreased in cisplatin-induced AKI and in cisplatin co-cultured HK2 cells. Furthermore, we used a miR-26a mimics in vitro and found that apoptosis was alleviated than that in the control cells. We further verified that miR-26a protected against cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis by acting on transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) which can regulate the expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), thus inhibited the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Therefore, the study unveiled that miR-26a/TRPC6/DRP1 is a novel protective pathway in cisplatin-induced AKI and may be targeted for the prevention and treatment of drug-related renal injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Our study found that miR-26a was significantly downregulated during cisplatin-induced AKI and during cisplatin co-cultured HK2 cells. Further, in vitro we used miR-26a mimic to intervene cells and found that apoptosis alleviated compared with control group. We further verified that miR-26a protected cisplatin-induced apoptosis by target transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) which can regulate the expression of dynamic-related protein 1 (DRP1) and inhibit the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Thus, miR-26a/TRPC6/DRP1 is a new protective pathway in cisplatin-induced AKI and may be targeted for the prevention and treatment of drug-related acute kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zuo-Lin Li
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng-Mei Wang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ri-Ning Tang
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gutorov R, Peters M, Katz B, Brandwine T, Barbera NA, Levitan I, Minke B. Modulation of Transient Receptor Potential C Channel Activity by Cholesterol. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1487. [PMID: 31920669 PMCID: PMC6923273 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes of cholesterol level in the plasma membrane of cells have been shown to modulate ion channel function. The proposed mechanisms underlying these modulations include association of cholesterol to a single binding site at a single channel conformation, association to a highly flexible cholesterol binding site adopting multiple poses, and perturbation of lipid rafts. These perturbations have been shown to induce reversible targeting of mammalian transient receptor potential C (TRPC) channels to the cholesterol-rich membrane environment of lipid rafts. Thus, the observed inhibition of TRPC channels by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which induces cholesterol efflux from the plasma membrane, may result from disruption of lipid rafts. This perturbation was also shown to disrupt multimolecular signaling complexes containing TRPC channels. The Drosophila TRP and TRP-like (TRPL) channels belong to the TRPC channel subfamily. When the Drosophila TRPL channel was expressed in S2 or HEK293 cells and perfused with MβCD, the TRPL current was abolished in less than 100 s, fitting well the fast kinetic phase of cholesterol sequestration experiments in cells. It was thus suggested that the fast kinetics of TRPL channel suppression by MβCD arise from disruption of lipid rafts. Accordingly, lipid raft perturbation by cholesterol sequestration could give clues to the function of lipid environment in TRPC channel activity and its mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gutorov
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maximilian Peters
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ben Katz
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tal Brandwine
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nicolas A Barbera
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Irena Levitan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Baruch Minke
- Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hassanzadeh Khayyat N, Kim EY, Dryer SE. TRPC6 inactivation does not protect against diabetic kidney disease in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated Sprague-Dawley rats. FASEB Bioadv 2019; 1:773-782. [PMID: 32123821 PMCID: PMC6996301 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels have been implicated in the progression of several forms of kidney disease (1). While there is strong evidence that glomerular TRPC6 channels are dysregulated in diabetic nephropathy (DN), there is no consensus as to whether deletion or inactivation of TRPC6 is protective in animal models of DN. A previous study in Dahl salt-sensitive rats suggests that TRPC6 knockout has a modest protective effect in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN (2). In the present study, we examined whether inactivation of TRPC6 channels by CRISPR/Cas9 editing (Trpc6 del/del rats) affects progression of STZ-induced DN in Sprague-Dawley rats. Wild-type littermates (Trpc6 wt/wt rats) were used as controls. We observed that a single injection of STZ resulted in severe hyperglycemia that was sustained over a 10-week period, accompanied by a marked reduction in circulating C-peptide, dyslipidemia, and failure to gain weight compared to vehicle-treated animals. Those effects were equally severe in Trpc6 wt/wt and Trpc6 del/del rats. STZ treatment resulted in increased urine albumin excretion at 4, 8, and 10 weeks after injection, and this effect was equally severe in Trpc6 wt/wt and Trpc6 del/del rats. TRPC6 inactivation had no effect on blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma creatinine concentration, urine nephrin excretion, or kidney weight:body weight ratio measured 10 weeks after STZ injection. STZ treatment evoked modest and equivalent mesangial expansion in Trpc6 wt/wt and Trpc6 del/del rats. In summary, we observed no protective effect of TRPC6 inactivation on STZ-induced DN in rats on the Sprague-Dawley background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Stuart E. Dryer
- Department of Biology and BiochemistryUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Houston College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Polat OK, Uno M, Maruyama T, Tran HN, Imamura K, Wong CF, Sakaguchi R, Ariyoshi M, Itsuki K, Ichikawa J, Morii T, Shirakawa M, Inoue R, Asanuma K, Reiser J, Tochio H, Mori Y, Mori MX. Contribution of Coiled-Coil Assembly to Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Inactivation of TRPC6 Channel and its Impacts on FSGS-Associated Phenotypes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1587-1603. [PMID: 31266820 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018070756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TRPC6 is a nonselective cation channel, and mutations of this gene are associated with FSGS. These mutations are associated with TRPC6 current amplitude amplification and/or delay of the channel inactivation (gain-of-function phenotype). However, the mechanism of the gain-of-function in TRPC6 activity has not yet been clearly solved. METHODS We performed electrophysiologic, biochemical, and biophysical experiments to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying calmodulin (CaM)-mediated Ca2+-dependent inactivation (CDI) of TRPC6. To address the pathophysiologic contribution of CDI, we assessed the actin filament organization in cultured mouse podocytes. RESULTS Both lobes of CaM helped induce CDI. Moreover, CaM binding to the TRPC6 CaM-binding domain (CBD) was Ca2+-dependent and exhibited a 1:2 (CaM/CBD) stoichiometry. The TRPC6 coiled-coil assembly, which brought two CBDs into adequate proximity, was essential for CDI. Deletion of the coiled-coil slowed CDI of TRPC6, indicating that the coiled-coil assembly configures both lobes of CaM binding on two CBDs to induce normal CDI. The FSGS-associated TRPC6 mutations within the coiled-coil severely delayed CDI and often increased TRPC6 current amplitudes. In cultured mouse podocytes, FSGS-associated channels and CaM mutations led to sustained Ca2+ elevations and a disorganized cytoskeleton. CONCLUSIONS The gain-of-function mechanism found in FSGS-causing mutations in TRPC6 can be explained by impairments of the CDI, caused by disruptions of TRPC's coiled-coil assembly which is essential for CaM binding. The resulting excess Ca2+ may contribute to structural damage in the podocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur K Polat
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Masatoshi Uno
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science.,Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Terukazu Maruyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Ha Nam Tran
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering.,Department of Technology and Ecology, Laboratory of Environmental Systems Biology, Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
| | - Kayo Imamura
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science
| | - Chee Fah Wong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Reiko Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mariko Ariyoshi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Kyohei Itsuki
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Ichikawa
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Morii
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Asanuma
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jochen Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Yasuo Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering
| | - Masayuki X Mori
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cassis P, Zoja C, Perico L, Remuzzi G. A preclinical overview of emerging therapeutic targets for glomerular diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:593-606. [PMID: 31150308 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1626827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Animal models have provided significant insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of glomerular lesions and proteinuria; they have also helped to identify molecules that control the podocyte function as suitable target-specific therapeutics. Areas covered: We discuss putative therapeutic targets for proteinuric glomerular diseases. An exhaustive search for eligible studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE. Most of the selected reports were published in the last decade, but we did not exclude older relevant milestone publications. We consider the molecules that regulate podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics and the transcription factors that regulate the expression of slit-diaphragm proteins. There is a focus on SGLT2 and sirtuins which have recently emerged as mediators of podocyte injury and repair. We also examine paracrine signallings involved in the cross-talk of injured podocytes with the neighbouring glomerular endothelial cells and parietal epithelial cells. Expert opinion: There is a need to discover novel therapeutic moleecules with renoprotective effects for those patients with glomerular diseases who do not respond completely to standard therapy. Emerging strategies targeting components of the podocyte cytoskeleton or signallings that regulate cellular communication within the glomerulus are promising avenues for treating glomerular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cassis
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy.,b 'L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mulukala Narasimha SK, Kar PP, Vadrevu R, Pasupulati AK. Intrinsically disordered regions mediate macromolecular assembly of the Slit diaphragm proteins associated with Nephrotic syndrome. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2019.1570508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Prajna Parimita Kar
- Laboratory of Molecular Interactions, National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadrevu
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang G, Ma H, Wu Y, Zhou B, Zhang C, Chai C, Cao Z. Activation of TRPC6 channels contributes to (+)-conocarpan-induced apoptotic cell death in HK-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 129:281-290. [PMID: 31054997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
(+)-Conocarpan (CNCP), a neolignan frequently found in many medicinal and edible plants displays a broad spectrum of bioactivity. Here, we demonstrated that CNCP induced apoptotic cell death in human kidney-2 (HK-2) cells in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 19.3 μM) and led to the sustained elevation of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Lower extracellular Ca2+ concentrations from 2.3 mM to 0 mM significantly suppressed the CNCP-induced Ca2+ response by 69.1%. Moreover, the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores using thapsigargin normalized CNCP-induced Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, suggesting that the CNCP-induced Ca2+ response involved both extracellular Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores. SAR7334, a TRPC3/6/7 channel inhibitor, but neither Pyr3, a selective TRPC3 channel inhibitor, nor Pico145, a TRPC1/4/5 inhibitor, suppressed the CNCP-induced Ca2+ response by 57.2% and decreased CNCP-induced cell death by 53.4%, suggesting a critical role for TRPC6 channels in CNCP-induced Ca2+ influx and apoptotic cell death. Further electrophysiological recording demonstrated that CNCP directly activated TRPC6 channels by increasing channel open probability with an EC50 value of 6.01 μM. Considered together, these data demonstrate that the direct activation of TRPC6 channels contributes to CNCP-induced apoptotic cell death in HK-2 cells. Our data point out the potential risk of renal toxicity from CNCP if used as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yanliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Baoping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dryer SE, Roshanravan H, Kim EY. TRPC channels: Regulation, dysregulation and contributions to chronic kidney disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1041-1066. [PMID: 30953689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels result in severe nephrotic syndromes that typically lead to end-stage renal disease. Many but not all of these mutations result in a gain in the function of the resulting channel protein. Since those observations were first made, substantial work has supported the hypothesis that TRPC6 channels can also contribute to progression of acquired (non-genetic) glomerular diseases, including primary and secondary FSGS, glomerulosclerosis during autoimmune glomerulonephritis, and possibly in type-1 diabetes. Their regulation has been extensively studied, especially in podocytes, but also in mesangial cells and other cell types present in the kidney. More recent evidence has implicated TRPC6 in renal fibrosis and tubulointerstitial disease caused by urinary obstruction. Consequently TRPC6 is being extensively investigated as a target for drug discovery. Other TRPC family members are present in kidney. TRPC6 can form a functional heteromultimer with TRPC3, and it has been suggested that TRPC5 may also play a role in glomerular disease progression, although the evidence on this is contradictory. Here we review literature on the expression and regulation of TRPC6, TRPC3 and TRPC5 in various cell types of the vertebrate kidney, the evidence that these channels are dysregulated in disease models, and research showing that knock-out or pharmacological inhibition of these channels can reduce the severity of kidney disease. We also summarize several areas that remain controversial, and some of the large gaps of knowledge concerning the fundamental role of these proteins in regulation of renal function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Hila Roshanravan
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Spires D, Manis AD, Staruschenko A. Ion channels and transporters in diabetic kidney disease. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2019; 83:353-396. [PMID: 31196609 PMCID: PMC6815098 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus are major medical epidemics affecting millions of patients worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). DKD is associated with significant changes in renal hemodynamics and electrolyte transport. Alterations in renal ion transport triggered by pathophysiological conditions in diabetes can exacerbate hypertension, accelerate renal injury, and are integral to the development of DKD. Renal ion transporters and electrolyte homeostasis play a fundamental role in functional changes and injury to the kidney during DKD. With the large number of ion transporters involved in DKD, understanding the roles of individual transporters as well as the complex cascades through which they interact is essential in the development of effective treatments for patients suffering from this disease. This chapter aims to gather current knowledge of the major renal ion transporters with altered expression and activity under diabetic conditions, and provide a comprehensive overview of their interactions and collective functions in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Anna D Manis
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Q, Wang D, Shibata S, Ji T, Zhang L, Zhang R, Yang H, Ma L, Jiao J. Group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation induces TRPC6-dependent calcium influx and RhoA activation in cultured human kidney podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:374-380. [PMID: 30782481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Researches have shown that mice lacking the metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR) showed albuminuria, remodeling of F-actin, with loss of stress fibers. Selective group I mGluRs agonist (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) attenuated albuminuria in several rodent models of nephrotic syndrome. However, the molecular mechanism is obscure. Using a human podocyte cell line, we here investigated the molecular mechanisms of group I mGluRs-induced calcium influx and the formation of stress fibers. Our data showed that group I mGluRs activation by DHPG induced a significant calcium influx, and promoted cytoskeletal stress fiber formation and focal adhesions in podocytes. Pre-incubating podocytes with non-selective inhibitor of transient receptor potential channels (TRPC), or the knockdown of TRPC6 attenuated the calcium influx and the stress fiber formation induced by DHPG. Further, DHPG resulted in an increase of active RhoA expression. However, the knockdown of RhoA by siRNA abolished the DHPG-induced increase in stress fibers. Additionally, nonselective inhibitors of TRPC or TRPC6 knockdown clearly inhibited RhoA activation induced by DHPG, as assessed by Glutathione-S-transferase pull-down assay followed by Western blotting. Taken together, our findings suggest TRPC6 regulates actin stress fiber formation and focal adhesions via the RhoA pathway in response to group I mGluRs activation. Our data can potentially explain the mechanism of protective action of group I mGluRs in glomerular podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Derun Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianrong Ji
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - He Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jundong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Institute of Nephrology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Inoue R, Kurahara LH, Hiraishi K. TRP channels in cardiac and intestinal fibrosis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 94:40-49. [PMID: 30445149 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It is now widely accepted that advanced fibrosis underlies many chronic inflammatory disorders and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality of the modern world. The pathogenic mechanism of advanced fibrosis involves diverse and intricate interplays between numerous extracellular and intracellular signaling molecules, among which the non-trivial roles of a stress-responsive Ca2+/Na+-permeable cation channel superfamily, the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein, are receiving growing attention. Available evidence suggests that several TRP channels such as TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPV1, TRPV3, TRPV4, TRPA1, TRPM6 and TRPM7 may play central roles in the progression and/or prevention of fibroproliferative disorders in vital visceral organs such as lung, heart, liver, kidney, and bowel as well as brain, blood vessels and skin, and may contribute to both acute and chronic inflammatory processes involved therein. This short paper overviews the current knowledge accumulated in this rapidly growing field, with particular focus on cardiac and intestinal fibrosis, which are tightly associated with the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation and inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuji Inoue
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Lin-Hai Kurahara
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Keizo Hiraishi
- Department of Physiology, Fukuoka University School of medicine, Nanakuma 7-451, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang L, Chen XP, Qin H, Jiang L, Qin YH. ATRA attenuate proteinuria via downregulation of TRPC6 in glomerulosclerosis rats induced by adriamycin. Ren Fail 2018; 40:266-272. [PMID: 29619864 PMCID: PMC6014515 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2018.1456459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: In this research, we explored the molecular mechanism of proteinuria in glomerulosclerosis rats and the protective effects of ATRA. Methods: This research set up three groups: SHO group, GS group, and ATRA group (15 mg/(kg d), Sigma, St. Louis, MO). The serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen (BUN), and 24-h proteinuria were detected 12 weeks after administration of ATRA. The pathological and ultrastructure changes were observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope. The protein expression of TGF-β1 and Col-IV in glomerulus was detected by immunohitochemistry method. The mRNA and the protein expression of glomerular TRPC6 were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results: In the rat model of GS, the expressions of TRPC6 were significantly elevated compared with the normal rat group; however, the use of ATRA down-regulated the expression of TRPC6 in the glomeruli and attenuated glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria. Scr and BUN were also improved by the treatment of ATRA. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that ATRA could ameliorate glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria in GS, which may be related to suppressed expression of TRPC6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University , Nanning , China.,b Department of Pediatric , Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University , Baoding , China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - He Qin
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Ling Jiang
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University , Nanning , China
| | - Yuan-Han Qin
- a Department of Pediatric Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of GuangXi Medical University , Nanning , China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
|
45
|
Spires D, Ilatovskaya DV, Levchenko V, North PE, Geurts AM, Palygin O, Staruschenko A. Protective role of Trpc6 knockout in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1091-F1097. [PMID: 29923767 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00155.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a chronic kidney pathology that leads to end-stage renal disease. Previous studies from our laboratory indicate that there is an association between the development of DKD and the transient receptor potential canonical 6 (TRPC6) channel. Trpc6 expression and activity were increased in the streptozotocin (STZ)-treated Dahl Salt-sensitive (Dahl SS) rat, an established model of type 1 diabetes. Here, using a Trpc6 knockout created on the Dahl SS rat background (SSTrpc6-/-), we test the hypothesis that the absence of Trpc6 will protect podocytes and kidney function during the development of DKD. Four groups of animals (control SSWT, SSTrpc6-/-, STZ-treated SSWT, and STZ-SSTrpc6-/-) were utilized in this study. Diabetes development was monitored for 11 wk after STZ injection with periodic weight, glucose, and urinary output measurements. There was an increase in albuminuria and glomerular injury following STZ treatment, which was not different between Dahl SS and SSTrpc6-/- groups. Western blot analysis revealed elevated levels of nephrin in urine samples of STZ-SSWT rats, which was higher compared with STZ-SSTrpc6-/- rats. Furthermore, pathological increases in basal [Ca2+]i levels and foot process damage of podocytes during the development of DKD was attenuated in the STZ-SSTrpc6-/- compared with STZ-SSWT rats. Overall, our data indicate that TRPC6 channel inhibition may have at least partial renoprotective effects, which could lead to the development of new pharmacological tools to treat or prevent the progression of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisha Spires
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Vladislav Levchenko
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Paula E North
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Aron M Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Oleg Palygin
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Trpc6 inactivation confers protection in a model of severe nephrosis in rats. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:631-644. [PMID: 29785489 PMCID: PMC6015123 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Mutations in canonical transient receptor potential-6 (TRPC6) channels give rise to rare familial forms of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here we examined a possible role for TRPC6 in the progression of chronic puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats, a classic model of acquired nephrotic syndromes. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to delete a 239-bp region within exon 2 of the Trpc6 gene (Trpc6del allele). Trpc6del/del rats expressed detectable Trpc6 transcripts missing exon 2, and TRPC6 proteins could be detected by immunoblot of renal cortex. However, the abundance of Trpc6 transcripts and TRPC6 protein in renal cortex was much lower than in Trpc6wt/wt littermates, and functional TRPC6 channels could not be detected in whole-cell recordings from glomerular cells cultured from Trpc6del/del animals, possibly because of disruption of ankyrin repeats 1 and 2. During the chronic phase of PAN nephrosis, Trpc6del/del rats had reduced urine albumin excretion, reduced serum cholesterol and triglycerides, and improved azotemia compared to wild-type Trpc6wt/wt littermates. Glomerulosclerosis was severe during chronic PAN nephrosis in Trpc6wt/wt rats but was markedly reduced in Trpc6del/del littermates. Trpc6del/del animals also had less severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis as assessed by several biochemical and histological analyses, as well as reduced foot process effacement and glomerular basement thickening compared to Trpc6wtt/wt controls. None of the manipulations in this study affected the abundance of TRPC5 channels in renal cortex. TRPC3 was increased in PAN nephrosis and in Trpc6del/del rats. These data support a role for TRPC6 channels in driving an acquired form of secondary FSGS. Key messages We examined aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats with wild type and inactivated TRPC6. TRPC6 channels were inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the Trpc6 gene. TRPC6 inactivation reduced albuminuria in the chronic but not the acute phase. TRPC6 inactivation reduced glomerulosclerosis and ultrastructural changes. TRPC6 inactivation also reduced interstitial changes and renal fibrosis.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-018-1648-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
47
|
Xu J, Yang Y, Xie R, Liu J, Nie X, An J, Wen G, Liu X, Jin H, Tuo B. The NCX1/TRPC6 Complex Mediates TGFβ-Driven Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2564-2576. [PMID: 29500176 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
TGFβ plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this role are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) and canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) in regulating TGFβ in human HCC. In HepG2 and Huh7 cells, TGFβ-stimulated intracellular Ca2+ increases through NCX1 and TRPC6 and induced the formation of a TRPC6/NCX1 molecular complex. This complex-mediated Ca2+ signaling regulated the effect of TGFβ on the migration, invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis of human HCC cells in nude mice. TGFβ upregulated TRPC6 and NCX1 expression, and there was a positive feedback between TRPC6/NCX1 signaling and Smad signaling. Expression of both TRPC6 and NCX1 were markedly increased in native human HCC tissues, and their expression levels positively correlated with advancement of HCC in patients. These data reveal the role of the TRPC6/NCX1 molecular complex in HCC and in regulating TGFβ signaling, and they implicate TRPC6 and NCX1 as potential targets for therapy in HCC.Significance: TGFβ induces the formation and activation of a TRPC6/NCX1 molecular complex, which mediates the effects of TGFβ on the migration, invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis of HCC. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2564-76. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xubiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing An
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Guorong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, China. .,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.,Clinical Medical Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Srivastava T, Thiagarajan G, Alon US, Sharma R, El-Meanawy A, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Sharma M. Role of biomechanical forces in hyperfiltration-mediated glomerular injury in congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:759-765. [PMID: 28339567 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) including solitary kidney constitute the main cause of progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. Children born with CAKUT develop signs of CKD only during adolescence and do not respond to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers. Early cellular changes underlying CKD progression to end-stage renal disease by early adulthood are not well understood. The mechanism of maladaptive hyperfiltration that occurs from loss of functional nephrons, including solitary kidney, is not clear. We re-examine the phenomenon of hyperfiltration in the context of biomechanical forces with special reference to glomerular podocytes. Capillary stretch exerts tensile stress on podocytes through the glomerular basement membrane. The flow of ultrafiltrate over the cell surface directly causes fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) on podocytes. FFSS on the podocyte surface increases 1.5- to 2-fold in animal models of solitary kidney and its effect on podocytes is a subject of ongoing research. Podocytes (i) are mechanosensitive to tensile and shear forces, (ii) use prostaglandin E2, angiotensin-II or nitric oxide for mechanoperception and (iii) use specific signaling pathways for mechanotransduction. We discuss (i) the nature of and differences in cellular responses to biomechanical forces, (ii) methods to study biomechanical forces and (iii) effects of biomechanical forces on podocytes and glomeruli. Future studies on FFSS will likely identify novel targets for strategies for early intervention to complement and strengthen the current regimen for treating children with CAKUT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarak Srivastava
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ganesh Thiagarajan
- School of Computing and Engineering, University of Missouri at Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Uri S Alon
- Section of Nephrology, Children's Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri at Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ram Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ashraf El-Meanawy
- Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ellen T McCarthy
- Kidney Institute, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Virginia J Savin
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Renal Research Laboratory, Research and Development, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ambrus L, Kelemen B, Szabó T, Bíró T, Tóth BI. Human podocytes express functional thermosensitive TRPV channels. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:4493-4507. [PMID: 28945920 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Heat-sensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels are expressed in various epithelial tissues regulating, among else, barrier functions. Their expression is well established in the distal nephron; however, we have no data about their presence in podocytes. As podocytes are indispensable in the formation of the glomerular filtration barrier, we investigated the presence and function of Ca2+ -permeable TRPV1-4 channels in human podocyte cultures. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Expression of TRPV1-4 channels was investigated at protein (immunocytochemistry, Western blot) and mRNA (Q-PCR) level in a conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line. Channel function was assessed by measuring intracellular Ca2+ concentration using Flou-4 Ca2+ -indicator dye and patch clamp electrophysiology upon applying various activators and inhibitors. KEY RESULTS Thermosensitive TRP channels were expressed in podocytes. The TRPV1-specific agonists capsaicin and resiniferatoxin did not affect the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Cannabidiol, an activator of TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels, induced moderate Ca2+ -influxes, inhibited by both tranilast and HC067047, blockers of TRPV2 and TRPV4 channels respectively. The TRPV4-specific agonists GSK1016790A and 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate induced robust Ca2+ -signals which were abolished by HC067047. Non-specific agonists of TRPV3 channels induced marked Ca2+ transients. However, TRPV3 channel blockers, ruthenium red and isopentenyl diphosphate only partly inhibited the responses and TRPV3 silencing was ineffective suggesting remarkable off-target effects of the compounds. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results indicate the functional presence of TRPV4 and other thermosensitive TRPV channels in human podocytes and raise the possibility of their involvement in the regulation of glomerular filtration barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Ambrus
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kelemen
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Szabó
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bíró
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs István Tóth
- DE-MTA 'Lendület' Cellular Physiology Research Group, Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hagmann H, Mangold N, Rinschen MM, Koenig T, Kunzelmann K, Schermer B, Benzing T, Brinkkoetter PT. Proline-dependent and basophilic kinases phosphorylate human TRPC6 at serine 14 to control channel activity through increased membrane expression. FASEB J 2017; 32:208-219. [PMID: 28877958 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700309r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Signaling via the transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel C6 plays a pivotal role in hereditary and sporadic glomerular kidney disease. Several studies have identified gain-of-function mutations of TRPC6 and report induced expression and enhanced channel activity of TRPC6 in association with glomerular diseases. Interfering with TRPC6 activity may open novel therapeutic pathways. TRPC6 channel activity is controlled by protein expression and stability as well as intracellular trafficking. Identification of regulatory phosphorylation sites in TRPC6 and corresponding protein kinases is essential to understand the regulation of TRPC6 activity and may result in future therapeutic strategies. In this study, an unbiased phosphoproteomic screen of human TRPC6 identified several novel serine phosphorylation sites. The phosphorylation site at serine 14 of TRPC6 is embedded in a basophilic kinase motif that is highly conserved across species. We confirmed serine 14 as a target of MAPKs and proline-directed kinases like cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in cell-based as well as in vitro kinase assays and quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of TRPC6. Phosphorylation of TRPC6 at serine 14 enhances channel conductance by boosting membrane expression of TRPC6, whereas protein stability and multimerization of TRPC6 are not altered, making serine 14 phosphorylation a potential drug target to interfere with TRPC6 channel activity.-Hagmann, H., Mangold, N., Rinschen, M. M., Koenig, T., Kunzelmann, K., Schermer, B., Benzing, T., Brinkkoetter, P. T. Proline-dependent and basophilic kinases phosphorylate human TRPC6 at serine 14 to control channel activity through increased membrane expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicole Mangold
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tim Koenig
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genetics Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; and
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Department of Physiology, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Paul T Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|