1
|
dos Santos PF, de Souza DB, Torres EJL, Costa WS, Sampaio FJB, Gregorio BM. Metabolic and ultrastructural renal changes in adult Wistar rats fed by a cafeteria diet. Acta Cir Bras 2024; 39:e392224. [PMID: 38629653 PMCID: PMC11020636 DOI: 10.1590/acb392224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate, by quantitative and qualitative methods, the glomerular ultrastructure in Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups at 21 days of age: control (C, n = 10) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 8). The animals were followed up until 5 months of age, followed by euthanasia. The blood, kidneys, and fat deposits--epididymal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous--were extracted and analyzed. Data were analyzed by Student's t test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The cafeteria diet promoted glucose intolerance, hyperglycemia (p < 0.0001), and deposition of retroperitoneal fat (p < 0.005). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the length of the foot process was similar in both groups. The quantitative analyses by transmission electron microscopy revealed that the cafeteria diet reduced the thickness of the glomerular basement membrane (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The intake of lipids and simple carbohydrates were found to be associated with alteration in the glomerular ultrastructure. However, more studies are needed to evaluate not only the effects of high-protein and high-fat diets on components of the glomerular filtration barrier, but also renal physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo Benchimol de Souza
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Biomedical Center – Department of Anatomy – Rio de Janeiro (RJ) – Brazil
| | - Eduardo José Lopes Torres
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Biomedical Center – Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology – Rio de Janeiro (RJ) – Brazil
| | - Waldemar Silva Costa
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Biomedical Center – Department of Anatomy – Rio de Janeiro (RJ) – Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Martins Gregorio
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Biomedical Center – Department of Anatomy – Rio de Janeiro (RJ) – Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hua W, Peng L, Chen XM, Jiang X, Hu J, Jiang XH, Xiang X, Wan J, Long Y, Xiong J, Ma X, Du X. CD36-mediated podocyte lipotoxicity promotes foot process effacement. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240918. [PMID: 38584832 PMCID: PMC10996993 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism disorders lead to lipotoxicity. The hyperlipidemia-induced early stage of renal injury mainly manifests as podocyte damage. CD36 mediates fatty acid uptake and the subsequent accumulation of toxic lipid metabolites, resulting in podocyte lipotoxicity. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: the normal control group and the high-fat diet group (HFD). Podocytes were cultured and treated with palmitic acid (PA) and sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO). Protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. Boron-dipyrromethene staining and Oil Red O staining was used to analyze fatty acid accumulation. Results Podocyte foot process (FP) effacement and marked proteinuria occurred in the HFD group. CD36 protein expression was upregulated in the HFD group and in PA-treated podocytes. PA-treated podocytes showed increased fatty acid accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement. However, pretreatment with the CD36 inhibitor SSO decreased lipid accumulation and ROS production and alleviated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in podocytes. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suppressed PA-induced podocyte FP effacement and ROS generation. Conclusions CD36 participated in fatty acid-induced FP effacement in podocytes via oxidative stress, and CD36 inhibitors may be helpful for early treatment of kidney injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hua
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Lan Peng
- Basic Department, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing401331, China
| | - Xue-mei Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400042, China
| | - XuShun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing400042, China
| | - JianGuo Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Hong Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Xu Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Jiangmin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, People’s Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing401420, China
| | - Yingfei Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, China
| | | | - Xueyi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing400000, China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Youyi Road 1, Chongqing 400042, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Z, Chen Z, Hu J, Ding G. Interplay of lipid metabolism and inflammation in podocyte injury. Metabolism 2024; 150:155718. [PMID: 37925142 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are critical for maintaining permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier, and podocyte injury is a major cause of proteinuria in various primary and secondary glomerulopathies. Lipid dysmetabolism and inflammatory activation are the distinctive hallmarks of podocyte injury. Lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity trigger cytoskeletal rearrangement, insulin resistance, mitochondrial oxidative stress, and inflammation. Subsequently, inflammation promotes the progression of glomerulosclerosis and renal fibrosis via multiple pathways. These data suggest that lipid dysmetabolism positively or negatively regulates inflammation during podocyte injury. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of lipid metabolism and inflammation, and highlight the potential association between lipid metabolism and podocyte inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zilv Luo
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song D, Zhang A, Hu X, Zeng M, Zhou H. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction protects against early obesity-related glomerulopathy by improving renal bile acid composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154861. [PMID: 37167823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an independent predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and may directly lead to kidney lesions such as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) which might play a vital pathogenic role in obese patients with CKD. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction (WSHT) has been clinically used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases for years. However, the renoprotective effects and potential mechanism of action of WSHT against ORG remain unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the potential effect of WSHT on ORG and reveal its mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. METHODS An animal model of early stage ORG was established using HFD-induced obese rats. After treatment with WSHT for 6 weeks, an integrated metabolomics and molecular biology strategy was utilized to illustrate the effects and mechanism of WSHT on ORG. First, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics was used to analyze renal bile acid (BA) levels. Biochemical, histological, and immunofluorescence assays; electron microscopy; and western blotting were performed to evaluate the efficacy of WSHT against ORG and its underlying mechanisms in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that an HFD led to hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, renal lipid deposition, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and increased expression of proinflammatory factors and profibrotic growth factors in ORG rats. In addition, an HFD decreased the levels of renal BAs such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid. After 6 weeks of treatment, WSHT markedly attenuated dyslipidemia and reduced body, kidney and epididymal fat weights in ORG rats. WSHT also significantly increased BA levels, suggesting that it altered BA composition; the effects of BAs are closely associated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation. WSHT alleviated fat accumulation, podocyte loss and proteinuria, and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic growth factors in the kidneys of ORG rats. Finally, WSHT remarkably upregulated the renal expression of FXR and salt-induced kinase 1 and blocked the renal expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its target genes. CONCLUSION WSHT attenuated early renal lesions in ORG rats by improving renal BA composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study develops a new way to alleviate obesity-induced renal damages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daofei Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Aijie Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - MingXing Zeng
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elliott J, Bailey SR. Consequences of adiponectin deficiency: Can they be related to the pathophysiology of laminitis? Equine Vet J 2023; 55:346-349. [PMID: 36878858 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Elliott
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College University of London, London, UK
| | - Simon R Bailey
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu HX, Zhao H, Xi C, Li S, Ma LP, Lu X, Yan J, Tian XL, Gao L, Tian M, Liu QJ. CPT1 Mediated Ionizing Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury Proliferation via Shifting FAO Metabolism Pathway and Activating the ERK1/2 and JNK Pathway. Radiat Res 2022; 198:488-507. [PMID: 36351324 DOI: 10.1667/rade-21-00174.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal compensatory proliferative potential is a key influencing factor for susceptibility to radiation-induced intestinal injury. Studies indicated that the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) mediated fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) plays a crucial role in promoting the survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Here, we aimed to explore the effect of 60Co gamma rays on CPT1 mediated FAO in the radiation-induced intestinal injury models, and investigate the role of CPT1 mediated FAO in the survival and proliferation of intestinal cells after irradiation. We detected the changed of FAO in the plasma and small intestine of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats at 24 h after 60Co gamma irradiation (0, 5 and 10 Gy), using target metabolomics, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB) and related enzymatic activity kits. We then analyzed the FAO changes in radiation-induced intestinal injury models regardless of ex vivo (mice enteroids), or in vitro (normal human intestinal epithelial cell lines, HIEC-6). HIEC-6 cells were transduced with lentivirus vector GV392 and treated with puromycin for obtaining CPT1 stable knockout cell lines, named CPT1 KO. CPT1 enzymatic activities of HIEC-6 cells and mice enteroids were also inhibited by pharmaceutical inhibitor ST1326 and Etomoxir (ETO), to study the function of CPT1 in the survival and proliferation of HIEC-6 cells after 60Co gamma irradiation. We found that CPT1 mediated FAO was altered in the small intestine of the SD rats after irradiation, especially, the expression level and enzymatic activity of CPT1 were significantly increased. Similarly, the expression levels of CPT1 were also remarkably enhanced in mice enteroids and HIEC-6 cells after irradiation. CPT1 inhibition decreased the proliferation of the HIEC-6 cells and mice enteroids after irradiation partially by reducing the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways activation, CPT1 inhibition also reduced the proliferation of mice enteroids after irradiation partially by down-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling activity. In conclusion, our study indicated that CPT1 plays a crucial role in promoting intestinal epithelial cell proliferation after irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Xiang Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Xi
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Ma
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yan
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Lei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Gao
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Tian
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jie Liu
- China CDC Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kayampilly P, Roeser N, Rajendiran TM, Pennathur S, Afshinnia F. Acetyl Co-A Carboxylase Inhibition Halts Hyperglycemia Induced Upregulation of De Novo Lipogenesis in Podocytes and Proximal Tubular Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100940. [PMID: 36295842 PMCID: PMC9610518 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of glycemic stress on de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in podocytes and tubular epithelial cells is understudied. This study is aimed (A) to show the effect of glycemic stress on DNL, and (B) to assess the effect of acetyl-Co A (ACC) inhibition on halting upregulation of DNL, on the expression of other lipid regulatory genes in the DNL pathway, and on markers of fibrosis and apoptosis in podocytes and tubular epithelial cells. We used cultured mouse primary tubular epithelial cells, mouse proximal tubular (BUMPT) cells, and immortal mouse podocytes and measured their percentage of labeled 13C2-palmitate as a marker of DNL after incubation with 13C2 acetate in response to high glucose concentration (25 mM). We then tested the effect of ACC inhibition by complimentary strategies utilizing CRISPR/cas9 deletion or incubation with Acaca and Acacb GapmeRs or using a small molecule inhibitor on DNL under hyperglycemic concentration. Exposure to high glucose concentration (25 mM) compared to osmotic controlled low glucose concentration (5.5 mM) significantly increased labeled palmitate after 24 h up to 72 h in podocytes and primary tubular cells. Knocking out of the ACC coding Acaca and Acacb genes by CRISPR/cas9, downregulation of Acaca and Acacb by specific antisense LNA GapmeRs and inhibition of ACC by firsocostat similarly halted/mitigated upregulation of DNL and decreased markers of fibrosis and programmed cell death in podocytes and various tubular cells. ACC inhibition is a potential therapeutic target to mitigate or halt hyperglycemia-induced upregulation of DNL in podocytes and tubular cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kayampilly
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Nancy Roeser
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Farsad Afshinnia
- Department of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-734-615-2574
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cannon S, Clissold R, Sukcharoen K, Tuke M, Hawkes G, Beaumont RN, Wood AR, Gilchrist M, Hattersley AT, Oram RA, Patel K, Wright C, Weedon MN. Recurrent 17q12 microduplications contribute to renal disease but not diabetes. J Med Genet 2022; 60:491-497. [PMID: 36109160 PMCID: PMC10176419 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 17q12 microdeletion and microduplication syndromes present as overlapping, multisystem disorders. We assessed the disease phenotypes of individuals with 17q12 CNV in a population-based cohort. METHODS We investigated 17q12 CNV using microarray data from 450 993 individuals in the UK Biobank and calculated disease status associations for diabetes, liver and renal function, neurological and psychiatric traits. RESULTS We identified 11 17q12 microdeletions and 106 microduplications. Microdeletions were strongly associated with diabetes (p=2×10-7) but microduplications were not. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR mL/min/1.73 m2) was consistently lower in individuals with microdeletions (p=3×10-12) and microduplications (p=6×10-25). Similarly, eGFR <60, including end-stage renal disease, was associated with microdeletions (p=2×10-9, p<0.003) and microduplications (p=1×10-9, p=0.009), respectively, highlighting sometimes substantially reduced renal function in each. Microduplications were associated with decreased fluid intelligence (p=3×10-4). SNP association analysis in the 17q12 region implicated changes to HNF1B as causing decreased eGFR (NC_000017.11:g.37741642T>G, rs12601991, p=4×10-21) and diabetes (NC_000017.11:g.37741165C>T, rs7501939, p=6×10-17). A second locus within the region was also associated with fluid intelligence (NC_000017.11:g.36593168T>C, rs1005552, p=6×10-9) and decreased eGFR (NC_000017.11:g.36558947T>C, rs12150665, p=4×10-15). CONCLUSION We demonstrate 17q12 microdeletions but not microduplications are associated with diabetes in a population-based cohort, likely caused by HNF1B haploinsufficiency. We show that both 17q12 microdeletions and microduplications are associated with renal disease, and multiple genes within the region likely contribute to renal and neurocognitive phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Cannon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Rhian Clissold
- Exeter Kidney Unit, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Kittiya Sukcharoen
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Marcus Tuke
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Gareth Hawkes
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Gilchrist
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Kashyap Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Caroline Wright
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael N Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:182. [PMID: 35680856 PMCID: PMC9184651 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lipke K, Kubis-Kubiak A, Piwowar A. Molecular Mechanism of Lipotoxicity as an Interesting Aspect in the Development of Pathological States-Current View of Knowledge. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050844. [PMID: 35269467 PMCID: PMC8909283 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Free fatty acids (FFAs) play numerous vital roles in the organism, such as contribution to energy generation and reserve, serving as an essential component of the cell membrane, or as ligands for nuclear receptors. However, the disturbance in fatty acid homeostasis, such as inefficient metabolism or intensified release from the site of storage, may result in increased serum FFA levels and eventually result in ectopic fat deposition, which is unfavorable for the organism. The cells are adjusted for the accumulation of FFA to a limited extent and so prolonged exposure to elevated FFA levels results in deleterious effects referred to as lipotoxicity. Lipotoxicity contributes to the development of diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, and inflammation. The nonobvious organs recognized as the main lipotoxic goal of action are the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle, and kidneys. However, lipotoxic effects to a significant extent are not organ-specific but affect fundamental cellular processes occurring in most cells. Therefore, the wider perception of cellular lipotoxic mechanisms and their interrelation may be beneficial for a better understanding of various diseases’ pathogenesis and seeking new pharmacological treatment approaches.
Collapse
|
11
|
Mitochondrial Pathophysiology on Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031776. [PMID: 35163697 PMCID: PMC8836100 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy kidneys, interstitial fibroblasts are responsible for the maintenance of renal architecture. Progressive interstitial fibrosis is thought to be a common pathway for chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Diabetes is one of the boosters of CKD. There is no effective treatment to improve kidney function in CKD patients. The kidney is a highly demanding organ, rich in redox reactions occurring in mitochondria, making it particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress (OS). A dysregulation in OS leads to an impairment of the Electron transport chain (ETC). Gene deficiencies in the ETC are closely related to the development of kidney disease, providing evidence that mitochondria integrity is a key player in the early detection of CKD. The development of novel CKD therapies is needed since current methods of treatment are ineffective. Antioxidant targeted therapies and metabolic approaches revealed promising results to delay the progression of some markers associated with kidney disease. Herein, we discuss the role and possible origin of fibroblasts and the possible potentiators of CKD. We will focus on the important features of mitochondria in renal cell function and discuss their role in kidney disease progression. We also discuss the potential of antioxidants and pharmacologic agents to delay kidney disease progression.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ge S, Yang M, Cui Y, Wu J, Xu L, Dong J, Liao L. The Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations of Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 5 in Sixty-One Patients. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:911526. [PMID: 35846334 PMCID: PMC9281895 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.911526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 (MODY5), a rare disease, is very easy to be misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes. To get better understanding of the disease, we analyzed the clinical characteristics and gene mutations of MODY5. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang were searched with the following search terms: "MODY5" OR "HNF1B maturity-onset diabetes of the young" OR "maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5" OR "renal cysts and diabetes syndrome". Clinical characteristics and gene mutations of MODY5 were analyzed. The demography, clinical characteristics, and blood indicators of patients were described utilizing simple summary statistics. Variables were analyzed by t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Fisher exact test. Spearman's correlation analysis was used for bi-variate analysis. All tests were two-sided, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26 for Windows (SPSS). RESULTS A total of 48 literatures were included in this study, including 61 eligible patients and 4 different mutations. Of the 39 patients with available body weight index, 15 (38.46%) were underweight, 21 (53.85%) were normal weight and 3 (7.69%) were overweight or obese. Of the 38 patients with available family history, 25 (65.79%) reported a family history of diabetes. Of the 34 patients with available age of diabetes diagnosis, the median age of diabetes diagnosis was 16.00 years old and 88.24% (30/34) of patients were under 25 years old when they were first diagnosed with diabetes. Renal cysts were presented in 72.41%, hypomagnesemia in 91.67%, and pancreatic dysplasia in 71.88% of the patients. Patients with hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) deletion had lower serum magnesium, serum creatinine, and higher eGFR than patients with other gene mutations, and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS The young onset of diabetes with low or normal BMI, renal cysts, hypomagnesemia, and pancreatic dysplasia should be recommended to genetic testing in order to differentiate MODY5 from other types of diabetes earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Ge
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Mengge Yang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Lusi Xu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Jianjun Dong
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Liao, ; Jianjun Dong,
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational medicine, Shandong Institute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Liao, ; Jianjun Dong,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lipidomic approaches to dissect dysregulated lipid metabolism in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:38-55. [PMID: 34616096 PMCID: PMC9146017 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00488-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The severity of dyslipidaemia not only correlates with CKD stage but is also associated with CKD-associated cardiovascular disease and mortality. Understanding how lipids are dysregulated in CKD is, however, challenging owing to the incredible diversity of lipid structures. CKD-associated dyslipidaemia occurs as a consequence of complex interactions between genetic, environmental and kidney-specific factors, which to understand, requires an appreciation of perturbations in the underlying network of genes, proteins and lipids. Modern lipidomic technologies attempt to systematically identify and quantify lipid species from biological systems. The rapid development of a variety of analytical platforms based on mass spectrometry has enabled the identification of complex lipids at great precision and depth. Insights from lipidomics studies to date suggest that the overall architecture of free fatty acid partitioning between fatty acid oxidation and complex lipid fatty acid composition is an important driver of CKD progression. Available evidence suggests that CKD progression is associated with metabolic inflexibility, reflecting a diminished capacity to utilize free fatty acids through β-oxidation, and resulting in the diversion of accumulating fatty acids to complex lipids such as triglycerides. This effect is reversed with interventions that improve kidney health, suggesting that targeting of lipid abnormalities could be beneficial in preventing CKD progression.
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun Y, Cui S, Hou Y, Yi F. The Updates of Podocyte Lipid Metabolism in Proteinuric Kidney Disease. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 7:438-451. [PMID: 34901191 DOI: 10.1159/000518132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes, functionally specialized and terminally differentiated glomerular visceral epithelial cells, are critical for maintaining the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte injury is considered as the most important early event contributing to proteinuric kidney diseases such as obesity-related renal disease, diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease. Although considerable advances have been made in the understanding of mechanisms that trigger podocyte injury, cell-specific and effective treatments are not clinically available. SUMMARY Emerging evidence has indicated that the disorder of podocyte lipid metabolism is closely associated with various proteinuric kidney diseases. Excessive lipid accumulation in podocytes leads to cellular dysfunction which is defined as lipotoxicity, a phenomenon characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, insulin resistance, and inflammatory response that can eventually result in podocyte hypertrophy, detachment, and death. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of lipids in podocyte biological function and the regulatory mechanisms leading to podocyte lipid accumulation in proteinuric kidney disease. KEY MESSAGES Targeting podocyte lipid metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with proteinuric kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shankland SJ, Wang Y, Shaw AS, Vaughan JC, Pippin JW, Wessely O. Podocyte Aging: Why and How Getting Old Matters. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2697-2713. [PMID: 34716239 PMCID: PMC8806106 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021050614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of healthy aging on the kidney, and how these effects intersect with superimposed diseases, are highly relevant in the context of the population's increasing longevity. Age-associated changes to podocytes, which are terminally differentiated glomerular epithelial cells, adversely affect kidney health. This review discusses the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying podocyte aging, how these mechanisms might be augmented by disease in the aged kidney, and approaches to mitigate progressive damage to podocytes. Furthermore, we address how biologic pathways such as those associated with cellular growth confound aging in humans and rodents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Andrey S. Shaw
- Department of Research Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Joshua C. Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brandenburg J, Marwitz S, Tazoll SC, Waldow F, Kalsdorf B, Vierbuchen T, Scholzen T, Gross A, Goldenbaum S, Hölscher A, Hein M, Linnemann L, Reimann M, Kispert A, Leitges M, Rupp J, Lange C, Niemann S, Behrends J, Goldmann T, Heine H, Schaible UE, Hölscher C, Schwudke D, Reiling N. WNT6/ACC2-induced storage of triacylglycerols in macrophages is exploited by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e141833. [PMID: 34255743 DOI: 10.1172/jci141833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of emerging drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), host-directed adjunct therapies are urgently needed to improve treatment outcomes with currently available anti-TB therapies. One approach is to interfere with the formation of lipid-laden "foamy" macrophages in the host, as they provide a nutrient-rich host cell environment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here, we provide evidence that Wnt family member 6 (WNT6), a ligand of the evolutionarily conserved Wingless/Integrase 1 (WNT) signaling pathway, promotes foam cell formation by regulating key lipid metabolic genes including acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) during pulmonary TB. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated that lack of functional WNT6 or ACC2 significantly reduced intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) levels and Mtb survival in macrophages. Moreover, treatment of Mtb-infected mice with a combination of a pharmacological ACC2 inhibitor and the anti-TB drug isoniazid (INH) reduced lung TAG and cytokine levels, as well as lung weights, compared with treatment with INH alone. This combination also reduced Mtb bacterial numbers and the size of mononuclear cell infiltrates in livers of infected mice. In summary, our findings demonstrate that Mtb exploits WNT6/ACC2-induced storage of TAGs in macrophages to facilitate its intracellular survival, a finding that opens new perspectives for host-directed adjunctive treatment of pulmonary TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Brandenburg
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Marwitz
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Simone C Tazoll
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Franziska Waldow
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Bioanalytical Chemistry
| | - Barbara Kalsdorf
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinical Infectious Diseases
| | | | | | - Annette Gross
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Svenja Goldenbaum
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | | | | | - Lara Linnemann
- Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kispert
- Institute for Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Leitges
- Division of BioMedical Sciences/Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Jan Rupp
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology and
| | - Christoph Lange
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinical Infectious Diseases.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stefan Niemann
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Molecular and Experimental Mycobacteriology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich E Schaible
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Cellular Microbiology, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Infection Immunology, and
| | - Dominik Schwudke
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany.,Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany.,Bioanalytical Chemistry
| | - Norbert Reiling
- Microbial Interface Biology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Noels H, Lehrke M, Vanholder R, Jankowski J. Lipoproteins and fatty acids in chronic kidney disease: molecular and metabolic alterations. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:528-542. [PMID: 33972752 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) induces modifications in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and homeostasis. These modifications can promote, modulate and/or accelerate CKD and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities - involving triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, LDL and/or HDL - not only involve changes in concentration but also changes in molecular structure, including protein composition, incorporation of small molecules and post-translational modifications. These alterations modify the function of lipoproteins and can trigger pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic processes, as well as oxidative stress. Serum fatty acid levels are also often altered in patients with CKD and lead to changes in fatty acid metabolism - a key process in intracellular energy production - that induce mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular damage. These fatty acid changes might not only have a negative impact on the heart, but also contribute to the progression of kidney damage. The presence of these lipoprotein alterations within a biological environment characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as the competing risk of non-atherosclerotic cardiovascular death as kidney function declines, has important therapeutic implications. Additional research is needed to clarify the pathophysiological link between lipid and lipoprotein modifications, and kidney dysfunction, as well as the genesis and/or progression of CVD in patients with kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Lehrke
- Department of Internal Medicine I, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Raymond Vanholder
- Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sulforaphane prevents type 2 diabetes-induced nephropathy via AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolic pathways and Nrf2 antioxidative function. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2469-2487. [PMID: 32940670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) prevents diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes (T2D) by up-regulating nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) can attenuate the pathogenesis of DN by improving renal lipotoxicity along with the activation of Nrf2-mediated antioxidative signaling. Therefore, we investigated whether AMPKα2, the central subunit of AMPK in energy metabolism, is required for SFN protection against DN in T2D, and whether potential cross-talk occurs between AMPKα2 and Nrf2. AMPKα2 knockout (Ampkα2-/-) mice and wildtype (WT) mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or a normal diet (ND) to induce insulin resistance, followed by streptozotocin (STZ) injection to induce hyperglycemia, as a T2D model. Both T2D and control mice were treated with SFN or vehicle for 3 months. At the end of the 3-month treatment, all mice were maintained only on HFD or ND for an additional 3 months without SFN treatment. Mice were killed at sixth month after T2D onset. Twenty-four-hour urine albumin at third and sixth months was significantly increased as renal dysfunction, along with significant renal pathological changes and biochemical changes including renal hypertrophy, oxidative damage, inflammation, and fibrosis in WT T2D mice, which were prevented by SFN in certain contexts, but not in Ampkα2-/- T2D mice. SFN prevention of T2D-induced renal lipotoxicity was associated with AMPK-mediated activation of lipid metabolism and Nrf2-dependent antioxidative function in WT mice, but not in SFN-treated Ampkα2-/- mice. Therefore, SFN prevention of DN is AMPKα2-mediated activation of probably both lipid metabolism and Nrf2 via AMPK/AKT/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/Src family tyrosine kinase (Fyn) pathways.
Collapse
|
19
|
Astragaloside IV inhibits palmitic acid-induced apoptosis through regulation of calcium homeostasis in mice podocytes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1453-1464. [PMID: 33606151 PMCID: PMC7925475 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06204-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Loss of podocytes is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy, and a growing body of evidence indicates that podocytes are susceptible to palmitic acid (PA). We have previously shown that AS-IV inhibited PA-induced podocyte apoptosis by activating sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA), which indicate calcium regulation may involve in the process. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blot and flow cytometry were used to measure the protective efficacy of AS-IV to ameliorate PA-induced ER stress and podocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, AS-IV inhibited cytochrome c release, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, accompany with the depletion of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ and elevation of cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+. Sequestration of cytosolic calcium with BAPTA-AM limited the response of podocyte apoptosis, while during the process the effect of AS-IV was also restrained. In contrast, elevation of cytosolic calcium with calcium ionophore ionomycin was depressed by AS-IV addition. Furthermore, inhibiting TRPC6 expression with SKF96365 or TRPC6 siRNA counteracted the beneficial effect of AS-IV. Our study provides further evidence to conclude the inhibitory effect of AS-IV to podocyte apoptosis is Ca2+-dependent. And the efficacy correlates with inhibiting TRPC6-mediated Ca2+ influx, and then cellular Ca2+ disturbance was coordinated.
Collapse
|
20
|
Bjornstad P, Nehus E, van Raalte D. Bariatric surgery and kidney disease outcomes in severely obese youth. Semin Pediatr Surg 2020; 29:150883. [PMID: 32238288 PMCID: PMC7125208 DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery, an emerging treatment for severely obese youth with and without T2D, provides marked improvement in insulin resistance, beta-cell function, and central adiposity. Further, preliminary data suggest that bariatric surgery also results in significant improvement in markers of obesity-related nephropathy and DKD, beyond that which can be achieved with current medical interventions. Yet, the mechanisms whereby bariatric surgery attenuates kidney disease remain unclear. This review summarizes the data on the effects of bariatric surgery on obesity-related nephropathy and DKD in youth with and without T2D, in addition to potential mechanisms underlying the nephroprotective effects of weight loss surgery and how these may differ in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass vs. vertical sleeve gastrectomy. Finally, we discuss potential future non-surgical therapies to mitigate kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petter Bjornstad
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Edward Nehus
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Daniel van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location VUMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to review the role that renal parenchymal lipid accumulation plays in contributing to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), specifically contributing to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in glomerular renal cells in the context of DKD development and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in experimental and clinical DKD. Recently, Ayanga et al. demonstrate that podocyte-specific deletion of a protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics protects from DKD progression. Furthermore, our group has recently shown that ATP-binding cassette A1 (a protein involved in cholesterol and phospholipid efflux) is significantly reduced in clinical and experimental DKD and that genetic or pharmacological induction of ABCA1 is sufficient to protect from DKD. ABCA1 deficiency in podocytes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction observed with alterations of mitochondrial lipids, in particular, cardiolipin (a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid). However, through pharmacological reduction of cardiolipin peroxidation DKD progression is reverted. Lipid metabolism is significantly altered in the diabetic kidney and renders cellular components, such as the podocyte, susceptible to injury leading to worsened DKD progression. Dysfunction of the lipid metabolism pathway can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial lipid alteration. Future research aimed at targeting mitochondrial lipids content and function could prove to be beneficial for the treatment of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ducasa GM, Mitrofanova A, Mallela SK, Liu X, Molina J, Sloan A, Pedigo CE, Ge M, Santos JV, Hernandez Y, Kim JJ, Maugeais C, Mendez AJ, Nair V, Kretzler M, Burke GW, Nelson RG, Ishimoto Y, Inagi R, Banerjee S, Liu S, Szeto HH, Merscher S, Fontanesi F, Fornoni A. ATP-binding cassette A1 deficiency causes cardiolipin-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in podocytes. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3387-3400. [PMID: 31329164 DOI: 10.1172/jci125316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts from patients with Tangier disease carrying ATP-binding cassette A1 (ABCA1) loss-of-function mutations are characterized by cardiolipin accumulation, a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid. Suppression of ABCA1 expression occurs in glomeruli from patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and in human podocytes exposed to DKD sera collected prior to the development of DKD. We demonstrated that siRNA ABCA1 knockdown in podocytes led to reduced oxygen consumption capabilities associated with alterations in the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and with cardiolipin accumulation. Podocyte-specific deletion of Abca1 (Abca1fl/fl) rendered mice susceptible to DKD, and pharmacological induction of ABCA1 improved established DKD. This was not mediated by free cholesterol, as genetic deletion of sterol-o-acyltransferase-1 (SOAT1) in Abca1fl/fl mice was sufficient to cause free cholesterol accumulation but did not cause glomerular injury. Instead, cardiolipin mediates ABCA1-dependent susceptibility to podocyte injury, as inhibition of cardiolipin peroxidation with elamipretide improved DKD in vivo and prevented ABCA1-dependent podocyte injury in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, we describe a pathway definitively linking ABCA1 deficiency to cardiolipin-driven mitochondrial dysfunction. We demonstrated that this pathway is relevant to DKD and that ABCA1 inducers or inhibitors of cardiolipin peroxidation may each represent therapeutic strategies for the treatment of established DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shamroop K Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Judith Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yanio Hernandez
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Cyrille Maugeais
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Viji Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - George W Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Yu Ishimoto
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shaoyi Liu
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria LaunchLabs, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hazel H Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria LaunchLabs, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension/ Drug Discovery Center, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Szrejder M, Piwkowska A. AMPK signalling: Implications for podocyte biology in diabetic nephropathy. Biol Cell 2019; 111:109-120. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201800077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Szrejder
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology Gdańsk Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of SciencesLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology Gdańsk Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Du Y, Xu BJ, Deng X, Wu XW, Li YJ, Wang SR, Wang YN, Ji S, Guo MZ, Yang DZ, Tang DQ. Predictive metabolic signatures for the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy and the intervention of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract based on gas or liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 166:30-39. [PMID: 30599279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the leading causes of death in diabetes mellitus (DM). Early warning and therapy has significant clinical value for DN. This research sought to find biomarkers to predict the occurrence and development of DN and the intervention of Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (GBE) by quantifying fatty acids, amino acids, and nucleosides and nucleobases in rat plasma. Samples were respectively collected at the weekend of 5-10 weeks after diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin were defined. Plasma fasting blood-glucose, kidney index, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urine albumin excretion and ultrastructural morphology of kidney were measured or observed. Fatty acids, amino acids and nucleosides and nucleobases in rat plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography or liquid phase chromatography and mass spectrometry, respectively. From the biochemical index and morphological change of kidney, the rats from the 5th to 7th week were in the stage of DM while from the begin of 8th week the rats were suggested in the early stage of DN. The results of quantitative metabolomics showed that 16 differential metabolites were related to the progression of DN, and oleic acid, glutamate and guanosine might be the potential biomarkers of kidney injury. 14 differential metabolites were related to GBE against the progression of DN, while oleic acid and glutamate might be the potential biomarkers of GBE against kidney injury. Those findings potentially promote the understanding of the pathogenic progression of DN and reveal the therapeutic mechanism of GBE against DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Du
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Bing-Ju Xu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xu Deng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yin-Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shi-Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Shuai Ji
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Meng-Zhe Guo
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dong-Zhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Dao-Quan Tang
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Jiangsu Province, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; Center for Experimental Animals, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Orellana JM, Kampe K, Schulze F, Sieber J, Jehle AW. Fetuin-A aggravates lipotoxicity in podocytes via interleukin-1 signaling. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13287. [PMID: 28554965 PMCID: PMC5449566 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile inflammation is considered critical in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Here we show that Fetuin-A (FetA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exacerbate palmitic acid-induced podocyte death, which is associated with a strong induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC). Moreover, blockage of TLR4 prevents MCP-1 and KC secretion and attenuates podocyte death induced by palmitic acid alone or combined with FetA. In addition, inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling by anakinra, a recombinant human IL-1Ra, or a murinized anti-IL-1β antibody attenuates the inflammatory and ultimate cell death response elicited by FetA alone or combined with palmitic acid. In vivo short-term therapy of diabetic DBA/2J mice with an anti-IL1-β antibody for 4 weeks prevented an increase in serum FetA and considerably decreased urinary tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α), a known risk factor for DN progression. In summary, our results suggest that FetA similarly to LPS leads to an inflammatory response in podocytes, which exacerbates palmitic acid-induced podocyte death and our data imply a critical role for IL-1β signaling in this process. The study offers the rational for prolonged in vivo studies aimed at testing anti-IL-1β therapy for prevention and treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana M Orellana
- Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kapil Kampe
- Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Schulze
- Department of Biomedicine, Diabetes Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Sieber
- Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Harvard Medical School and Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andreas W Jehle
- Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kruger C, Burke SJ, Collier JJ, Nguyen TT, Salbaum JM, Stadler K. Lipid peroxidation regulates podocyte migration and cytoskeletal structure through redox sensitive RhoA signaling. Redox Biol 2018; 16:248-254. [PMID: 29547847 PMCID: PMC5854917 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Early podocyte loss is characteristic of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in obesity and diabetes. Since treatments for hyperglycemia and hypertension do not prevent podocyte loss, there must be additional factors causing podocyte depletion. The role of oxidative stress has been implicated in CKD but it is not known how exactly free radicals affect podocyte physiology. To assess this relationship, we investigated the effects of lipid radicals on podocytes, as lipid peroxidation is a major form of oxidative stress in diabetes. We found that lipid radicals govern changes in podocyte homeostasis through redox sensitive RhoA signaling: lipid radicals inhibit migration and cause loss of F-actin fibers. These effects were prevented by mutating the redox sensitive cysteines of RhoA. We therefore suggest that in diseases associated with increased lipid peroxidation, lipid radicals can determine podocyte function with potentially pathogenic consequences for kidney physiology. Lipid peroxyl radicals impact podocyte motility and cytoskeletal F-actin arrangement. Lipid peroxyl radicals activate the small GTPase RhoA. When the Cys residues of RhoA are mutated, lipid peroxyl radicals do not affect podocytes. Lipid peroxidation likely contributes to podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kruger
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Susan J Burke
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - J Jason Collier
- Islet Cell Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Trang-Tiffany Nguyen
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - J Michael Salbaum
- Regulation of Gene Expression Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Rd, Baton Rouge, 70808 LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Globally, diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. Despite this burden, the factors that precipitate the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain to be fully elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with kidney disease in nondiabetic contexts, and increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional renal mitochondria are pathological mediators of DKD. These complex organelles have a broad range of functions, including the generation of ATP. The kidneys are mitochondrially rich, highly metabolic organs that require vast amounts of ATP for their normal function. The delivery of metabolic substrates for ATP production, such as fatty acids and oxygen, is altered by diabetes. Changes in metabolic fuel sources in diabetes to meet ATP demands result in increased oxygen consumption, which contributes to renal hypoxia. Inherited factors including mutations in genes that impact mitochondrial function and/or substrate delivery may also be important risk factors for DKD. Hence, we postulate that the diabetic milieu and inherited factors that underlie abnormalities in mitochondrial function synergistically drive the development and progression of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao Q, Sarkar A, Chen Y, Xu B, Zhu X, Yuan Y, Guan T. Overexpression of heart-type fatty acid binding protein enhances fatty acid-induced podocyte injury. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2054-2061. [PMID: 29434805 PMCID: PMC5776647 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated lipid metabolism is a characteristic of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and obesity, and likely contributes to podocyte injury and end-stage kidney disease. Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) was reported to be associated with lipid metabolism. The present study investigated whether H-FABP contributes to podocyte homeostasis. Podocytes were transfected by lentiviral vector to construct a cell line which stably overexpressed H-FABP. Small interfering RNA capable of effectively silencing H-FABP was introduced into podocytes to construct a cell line with H-FABP knockdown. Certain groups were treated with palmitic acid (PA) and the fat metabolism, as well as inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were measured. PA accelerated lipid metabolism derangement, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in podocytes. Overexpression of H-FABP enhanced the PA-induced disequilibrium in podocytes. The mRNA and protein expression levels of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 3 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and the protein expression levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxynonenal were upregulated in the H-FABP overexpression group, while the mRNA and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α was downregulated. Knockdown of H-FABP inhibited the PA-induced injury and lipid metabolism derangement, as well as the inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in podocytes. These results indicated that overexpression of H-FABP enhances fatty acid-induced podocyte injury, while H-FABP inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of lipid metabolism-associated podocyte injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Alhossain Sarkar
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Yizhi Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan Branch of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan 572013, P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100086, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| | - Tianjun Guan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a highly prevalent disease that is associated with high morbidity despite notable advances in its treatment. Many of the complications of nephrotic syndrome, including the increased risk of atherosclerosis and thromboembolism, can be linked to dysregulated lipid metabolism and dyslipidaemia. These abnormalities include elevated plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and the apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins VLDL and IDL; decreased lipoprotein lipase activity in the endothelium, muscle and adipose tissues; decreased hepatic lipase activity; and increased levels of the enzyme PCSK9. In addition, there is an increase in the plasma levels of immature HDL particles and reduced cholesterol efflux. Studies from the past few years have markedly improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome-associated dyslipidaemia, and also heightened our awareness of the associated exacerbated risks of cardiovascular complications, progressive kidney disease and thromboembolism. Despite the absence of clear guidelines regarding treatment, various strategies are being increasingly utilized, including statins, bile acid sequestrants, fibrates, nicotinic acid and ezetimibe, as well as lipid apheresis, which seem to also induce partial or complete clinical remission of nephrotic syndrome in a substantial percentage of patients. Future potential treatments will likely also include inhibition of PCSK9 using recently-developed anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies and small inhibitory RNAs, as well as targeting newly identified molecular regulators of lipid metabolism that are dysregulated in nephrotic syndrome.
Collapse
|
30
|
Dubois-Laforgue D, Cornu E, Saint-Martin C, Coste J, Bellanné-Chantelot C, Timsit J. Diabetes, Associated Clinical Spectrum, Long-term Prognosis, and Genotype/Phenotype Correlations in 201 Adult Patients With Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1B ( HNF1B) Molecular Defects. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1436-1443. [PMID: 28420700 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-2462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Molecular defects of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) are associated with a multiorgan disease, including diabetes (maturity-onset diabetes of the young 5) and kidney abnormalities. The HNF1B syndrome is related to HNF1B mutations or to a 17q12 deletion spanning 15 genes, including HNF1B. Here, we described HNF1B-related diabetes and associated phenotypes and assessed genotype/phenotype correlations at diagnosis and in the long-term. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 201 patients, aged 18 years or older at follow-up, with HNF1B mutations (n = 101) or deletion (n = 100). RESULTS Diabetes was present in 159 patients. At diagnosis, clinical symptoms of diabetes were present in 67 of 144 patients and HNF1B renal disease in 64 of 102. Although responsiveness to sulfonylureas/repaglinide was observed in 29 of the 51 tested, 111 of 140 patients (79%) were treated with insulin at follow-up. Diabetic retinopathy and/or neuropathy were present in 46 of 114 patients. Renal cysts were present in 122 of 166 patients, chronic kidney disease stages 3-4 (CKD3-4) in 75 of 169 (44%), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in 36 of 169 (21%). Compared with the patients with mutations, those with HNF1B deletion less often had CKD3-4/ESRD at diagnosis (11 of 43 vs. 27 of 35, P < 10-4) and in the long term (40 of 78 vs. 71 of 91, P = 0.0003). They were leaner and more frequently treated with insulin. CONCLUSIONS In patients with HNF1B syndrome, diabetes complications, cardiovascular risk factors, CKD3-4, and ESRD are highly prevalent. At diabetes diagnosis, the presence of morphological and/or functional kidney disease may help etiological diagnosis. Genotype/phenotype correlations may have implications for the care and the prognosis of these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danièle Dubois-Laforgue
- Department of Diabetology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Descartes University, DHU AUTHORS, Paris, France .,INSERM U1016, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Erika Cornu
- Department of Diabetology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Descartes University, DHU AUTHORS, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Saint-Martin
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Joël Coste
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bellanné-Chantelot
- Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - José Timsit
- Department of Diabetology, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Paris Descartes University, DHU AUTHORS, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Afshinnia F, Rajendiran TM, Soni T, Byun J, Wernisch S, Sas KM, Hawkins J, Bellovich K, Gipson D, Michailidis G, Pennathur S. Impaired β-Oxidation and Altered Complex Lipid Fatty Acid Partitioning with Advancing CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:295-306. [PMID: 29021384 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies of lipids in CKD, including ESRD, have been limited to measures of conventional lipid profiles. We aimed to systematically identify 17 different lipid classes and associate the abundance thereof with alterations in acylcarnitines, a metric of β-oxidation, across stages of CKD. From the Clinical Phenotyping Resource and Biobank Core (CPROBE) cohort of 1235 adults, we selected a panel of 214 participants: 36 with stage 1 or 2 CKD, 99 with stage 3 CKD, 61 with stage 4 CKD, and 18 with stage 5 CKD. Among participants, 110 were men (51.4%), 64 were black (29.9%), and 150 were white (70.1%), and the mean (SD) age was 60 (16) years old. We measured plasma lipids and acylcarnitines using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Overall, we identified 330 different lipids across 17 different classes. Compared with earlier stages, stage 5 CKD associated with a higher abundance of saturated C16-C20 free fatty acids (FFAs) and long polyunsaturated complex lipids. Long-chain-to-intermediate-chain acylcarnitine ratio, a marker of efficiency of β-oxidation, exhibited a graded decrease from stage 2 to 5 CKD (P<0.001). Additionally, multiple linear regression revealed that the long-chain-to-intermediate-chain acylcarnitine ratio inversely associated with polyunsaturated long complex lipid subclasses and the C16-C20 FFAs but directly associated with short complex lipids with fewer double bonds. We conclude that increased abundance of saturated C16-C20 FFAs coupled with impaired β-oxidation of FFAs and inverse partitioning into complex lipids may be mechanisms underpinning lipid metabolism changes that typify advancing CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thekkelnaycke M Rajendiran
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Phenotyping, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Pathology
| | - Tanu Soni
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Phenotyping, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | | - Keith Bellovich
- Division of Nephrology, St. Clair Nephrology Research, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | | | - George Michailidis
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Phenotyping, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Statistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Departments of Internal Medicine-Nephrology, .,Bioinformatics and Molecular Phenotyping, Michigan Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Molecular and Integrative Physiology and
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Glucagon-like peptide-1 effects lipotoxic oxidative stress by regulating the expression of microRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1462-1468. [PMID: 27956176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aim to confirm whether the treatment of GLP-1 can modulated body weight, lipid metabolism, insulin content, pancreas oxidative stress, improved T-AOC, MDA levels related to FFA-Induced oxidative stress in C57BL/6 mice and INS-1 cells. In this study, GLP-1 makes the expression of AMPK, PPARα, CPT1A and SIRT1 increased, and the expression of SREBP1c, miR-33 and miR-370 decreased. Interestingly, the effects of GLP-1 were less dose dependent as GLP-1 regulated the FFA, which related to gene expression at much lower doses (3 μg/kg, 10 mM, mice and INS-1 respectively) and effects were relatively maintained at higher dose (30 μg/kg, 100 mM, mice and INS-1 respectively) as well. Subsequently, the analysis showed that inhibited expression of miR-33 and miR-370 upregulated the expression of CPT1A and SIRT1, reversely mimics. These results demonstrated for the first time that GLP-1 improve lipotoxic oxidative stress of pancreas by regulate expression of microRNAs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang S, Lu Y, Sun X, Wu D, Fu B, Chen Y, Deng H, Chen X. Identification of common and differential mechanisms of glomerulus and tubule senescence in 24-month-old rats by quantitative LC-MS/MS. Proteomics 2016; 16:2706-2717. [PMID: 27452873 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
- Department of Nephrology; The Second Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun Jilin P.R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Nephrology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng Sun
- Department of Nephrology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Nephrology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Yuling Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics; School of Life Sciences; Tsinghua University; Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology; Chinese PLA General Hospital; Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases; Beijing P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Effects of Immunosuppressive Drugs on Serum Fatty Acids of Phospholipids Fraction in Renal Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1616-22. [PMID: 27496457 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppressive medications often cause posttransplant hyperlipidemia. The effects of cyclosporine (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) on lipid profile is well-known; however, there are very few studies related to the effect of these immunosuppressants on fatty acids (FA) of phosholipids fraction (PL) in renal transplant recipients (RTR). We sought to analyze the FA profile in PL fraction of RTR treated with Tac or CsA. METHODS The study included 65 renal transplant patients on CsA (n = 24, group I) or Tac (n = 41, group II), and 14 healthy controls. Individual serum FA concentrations were measured by gas chromatography. Chemstation software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS No differences between studied groups and controls were noted for monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated n-3 FA (PUFA n-3), PUFA n-6, or the ratio of PUFA n-6 to PUFA n-3. The following mean values of FA were significantly higher in the CsA-RTR and Tac-RTR as compared with controls: total FA (P < .01 in both cases), saturated FA (SFA; P < .02 in both cases), C12 (P < .003 in both cases), C18 (P < .003 in both cases), and C18:2 (P < .01 for CsA RTR; P < .02 for Tac RTR). No differences between the measurements in patients on CsA and in patients on Tac were noticed. Significant correlation between SFA and eGFR was observed only in the CsA RTR group (P < .05). A negative relationship between PUFA n-6 and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was seen, but the correlation was not significant. CONCLUSIONS Immunosuppressive drugs may affect FA metabolism, but the FA profile does not depend on the type of immunosuppressive drug administered.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
In the last few decades, rapid changes in lifestyle have led to an alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated complications. Obese patients are at increased risk of developing hypertension, heart disease, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and kidney disease. The surplus of calories is normally stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue. However, excess lipids can also accumulate ectopically in other organs, including the kidney, contributing to their damage through toxic processes named lipotoxicity. The kidney is negatively affected by dyslipidemia, lipid accumulation and changes in circulating adipokines that bring about alterations in renal lipid metabolism and promote insulin resistance, generation of reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultimately leading to alterations in the glomerular filtration barrier and renal failure. This review focuses on the pathogenic molecular mechanisms associated with renal lipotoxicity, and presents new insights about potential new therapeutic targets and biomarkers such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, of relevance for the early detection of lipid-associated kidney disease.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Podocytes are highly specialized cells of the kidney glomerulus that wrap around capillaries and that neighbor cells of the Bowman’s capsule. When it comes to glomerular filtration, podocytes play an active role in preventing plasma proteins from entering the urinary ultrafiltrate by providing a barrier comprising filtration slits between foot processes, which in aggregate represent a dynamic network of cellular extensions. Foot processes interdigitate with foot processes from adjacent podocytes and form a network of narrow and rather uniform gaps. The fenestrated endothelial cells retain blood cells but permit passage of small solutes and an overlying basement membrane less permeable to macromolecules, in particular to albumin. The cytoskeletal dynamics and structural plasticity of podocytes as well as the signaling between each of these distinct layers are essential for an efficient glomerular filtration and thus for proper renal function. The genetic or acquired impairment of podocytes may lead to foot process effacement (podocyte fusion or retraction), a morphological hallmark of proteinuric renal diseases. Here, we briefly discuss aspects of a contemporary view of podocytes in glomerular filtration, the patterns of structural changes in podocytes associated with common glomerular diseases, and the current state of basic and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Reiser
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehmet M Altintas
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Obesity-Related Chronic Kidney Disease-The Role of Lipid Metabolism. Metabolites 2015; 5:720-32. [PMID: 26690487 PMCID: PMC4693192 DOI: 10.3390/metabo5040720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mechanisms linking obesity and CKD include systemic changes such as high blood pressure and hyperglycemia, and intrarenal effects relating to lipid accumulation. Normal lipid metabolism is integral to renal physiology and disturbances of renal lipid and energy metabolism are increasingly being linked with kidney disease. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) are important regulators of fatty acid oxidation, which is frequently abnormal in the kidney with CKD. A high fat diet reduces renal AMPK activity, thereby contributing to reduced fatty acid oxidation and energy imbalance, and treatments to activate AMPK are beneficial in animal models of obesity-related CKD. Studies have found that the specific cell types affected by excessive lipid accumulation are proximal tubular cells, podocytes, and mesangial cells. Targeting disturbances of renal energy metabolism is a promising approach to addressing the current epidemic of obesity-related kidney disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Huang K, Liang XC, Zhong YL, He WY, Wang Z. 5-Caffeoylquinic acid decreases diet-induced obesity in rats by modulating PPARα and LXRα transcription. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:1903-1910. [PMID: 25186103 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are widely distributed in plant material, including foods and beverages. 5-Caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) is the most studied CGA, but the mechanism of its hypolipidaemic effect remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the effect of 5-CQA on lipid metabolism in the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS 5-CQA suppressed HFD-induced increases in body weight and visceral fat-pad weight, serum lipid levels, and serum and hepatic free fatty acids in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that 5-CQA altered the mRNA expression of the transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and liver X receptor α (LXRα) and target genes involved in hepatic fatty acid uptake, β-oxidation, fatty acid synthesis, and cholesterol synthesis. Moreover, hepatic tissue sections from HFD-fed rats showed many empty vacuoles, suggesting that liver cells were filled with more fat droplets. However, 5-CQA significantly ameliorated this effect. CONCLUSION 5-CQA may improve lipid metabolism disorders by altering the expression of PPARα and LXRα, which are involved in multiple intracellular signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Xiu-ci Liang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Ying-li Zhong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Wan-yan He
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cui W, Maimaitiyiming H, Zhou Q, Norman H, Zhou C, Wang S. Interaction of thrombospondin1 and CD36 contributes to obesity-associated podocytopathy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2015; 1852:1323-33. [PMID: 25835637 PMCID: PMC4433874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with podocyte injury and the development of proteinuria. Elevated plasma free fatty acid is one of the characteristics of obesity and has been linked to podocyte dysfunction. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we examined the effect of saturated free fatty acid (FFA) on human podocyte apoptosis and function in vitro. The mechanism and its in vivo relevance were also determined. We found that FFA treatment induced human podocyte apoptosis and dysfunction, which was associated with increased expression of a matricellular protein-thrombospondin1 (TSP1). FFA stimulated TSP1 expression in podocytes at the transcriptional levels through activation of MAPK pathway. Addition of purified TSP1 to cell culture media induced podocyte apoptosis and dysfunction. Tis effect is though a TGF-β independent mechanism. Moreover, peptide treatment to block TSP1 binding to its receptor-CD36 attenuated FFA induced podocyte apoptosis, suggesting that TSP1/CD36 interaction mediates FFA-induced podocyte apoptosis. Importantly, using a diet-induced obese mouse model, in vivo data demonstrated that obesity-associated podocyte apoptosis and dysfunction were attenuated in TSP1 deficient mice as well as in CD36 deficient mice. Taken together, these studies provide novel evidence that the interaction of TSP1 with its receptor CD36 contributes to obesity--associated podocytopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hasiyeti Maimaitiyiming
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Heather Norman
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Changcheng Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sieber J, Jehle AW. Free Fatty acids and their metabolism affect function and survival of podocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:186. [PMID: 25386168 PMCID: PMC4209866 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte injury and loss critically contribute to the pathogenesis of proteinuric kidney diseases including diabetic nephropathy. Deregulated lipid metabolism with disturbed free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism is a characteristic of metabolically unhealthy obesity and type 2 diabetes and likely contributes to end-stage kidney disease irrespective of the underlying kidney disease. In the current review, we summarize recent findings related to FFAs and altered renal FFA metabolism with a special focus on podocytes. We will outline the opposing effects of saturated and monounsaturated FFAs and a particular emphasis will be given to the underlying molecular mechanisms involving insulin resistance and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis. Finally, recent data suggesting a critical role of renal FFA metabolism to adapt to an altered lipid environment will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Sieber
- Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- *Correspondence: Jonas Sieber, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA e-mail: ; Andreas Werner Jehle, Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Room 303, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland e-mail:
| | - Andreas Werner Jehle
- Molecular Nephrology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Transplantation Immunology and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Jonas Sieber, Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA e-mail: ; Andreas Werner Jehle, Department of Biomedicine, Molecular Nephrology, University Hospital Basel, Room 303, Hebelstrasse 20, Basel 4031, Switzerland e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|