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Tutunea-Fatan E, Arumugarajah S, Suri RS, Edgar CR, Hon I, Dikeakos JD, Gunaratnam L. Sensing Dying Cells in Health and Disease: The Importance of Kidney Injury Molecule-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024; 35:795-808. [PMID: 38353655 PMCID: PMC11164124 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), also known as T-cell Ig and mucin domain-1 (TIM-1), is a widely recognized biomarker for AKI, but its biological function is less appreciated. KIM-1/TIM-1 belongs to the T-cell Ig and mucin domain family of conserved transmembrane proteins, which bear the characteristic six-cysteine Ig-like variable domain. The latter enables binding of KIM-1/TIM-1 to its natural ligand, phosphatidylserine, expressed on the surface of apoptotic cells and necrotic cells. KIM-1/TIM-1 is expressed in a variety of tissues and plays fundamental roles in regulating sterile inflammation and adaptive immune responses. In the kidney, KIM-1 is upregulated on injured renal proximal tubule cells, which transforms them into phagocytes for clearance of dying cells and helps to dampen sterile inflammation. TIM-1, expressed in T cells, B cells, and natural killer T cells, is essential for cell activation and immune regulatory functions in the host. Functional polymorphisms in the gene for KIM-1/TIM-1, HAVCR1 , have been associated with susceptibility to immunoinflammatory conditions and hepatitis A virus-induced liver failure, which is thought to be due to a differential ability of KIM-1/TIM-1 variants to bind phosphatidylserine. This review will summarize the role of KIM-1/TIM-1 in health and disease and its potential clinical applications as a biomarker and therapeutic target in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tutunea-Fatan
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shabitha Arumugarajah
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita S. Suri
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cassandra R. Edgar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingrid Hon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy D. Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshman Gunaratnam
- Matthew Mailing Centre for Translational Transplant Studies, Lawson Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Shams S, Lubbad LI, Simjee SU, Jabeen A. N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide ameliorate inflammation and doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110741. [PMID: 37572504 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracyclin antibiotic used for the treatment of various cancers. Nephrotoxicity is among the serious side effects of DOX, therefore, DOX-induced nephrotoxic model has been widely used to study nephropathies. The objectives of this study is to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective effects of salicylic acid derivative, N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide (NA-2), in a rat model of DOX-induced nephrotoxicity. The in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of NA-2 was manifested by whole blood oxidative burst and nitric oxide (NO) assays with no toxicity on normal human fibroblast (BJ) cells, human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells, and normal monkey kidney epithelial (Vero) cells. The in vivo study included five groups: Normal control, DOX (6 mg/kg DOX-i.v.via tail vein), NA-2 treated control-i.p., NA-2/DOX treated-i.p., and prednisolone/DOX treated. After 7 days of DOX administration, rats with urinary protein level of >50 mg/kg/day were selected. Treatment group rats received i.p. doses of NA-2 (10 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks with weekly monitoring of urinary protein excretion and body weights. mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Protein expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. NA-2 attenuated DOX-induced changes in serum and urine levels, and improved inflammatory profile of the renal tissue. Histopathological findings revealed protective effects of NA-2 showing lesser lesions. We conclude that NA-2 is able to protect against DOX-induced renal damage functionally, biochemically and histopathologically with corresponding improvement in the kidney inflammatory profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidrah Shams
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Shabana U Simjee
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Huang J, Caliskan Guzelce E, Gholami SK, Gawelek KL, Mitchell RN, Pojoga LH, Romero JR, Williams GH, Adler GK. Effects of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Blockade and Statins on Kidney Injury Marker 1 (KIM-1) in Female Rats Receiving L-NAME and Angiotensin II. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6500. [PMID: 37047470 PMCID: PMC10095483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a biomarker of renal injury and a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Aldosterone, via activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor, is linked to cardiac and renal injury. However, the impact of mineralocorticoid receptor activation and blockade on KIM-1 is uncertain. We investigated whether renal KIM-1 is increased in a cardiorenal injury model induced by L-NAME/ANG II, and whether mineralocorticoid receptor blockade prevents the increase in KIM-1. Since statin use is associated with lower aldosterone, we also investigated whether administering eiSther a lipophilic statin (simvastatin) or a hydrophilic statin (pravastatin) prevents the increase in renal KIM-1. Female Wistar rats (8-10 week old), consuming a high salt diet (1.6% Na+), were randomized to the following conditions for 14 days: control; L-NAME (0.2 mg/mL in drinking water)/ANG II (225 ug/kg/day on days 12-14); L-NAME/ANG II + eplerenone (100 mg/kg/day p.o.); L-NAME/ANG II + pravastatin (20 mg/kg/day p.o.); L-NAME/ANG II + simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day p.o.). Groups treated with L-NAME/ANG II had significantly higher blood pressure, plasma and urine aldosterone, cardiac injury/stroke composite score, and renal KIM-1 than the control group. Both eplerenone and simvastatin reduced 24-h urinary KIM-1 (p = 0.0046, p = 0.031, respectively) and renal KIM-1 immunostaining (p = 0.004, p = 0.037, respectively). Eplerenone also reduced renal KIM-1 mRNA expression (p = 0.012) and cardiac injury/stroke composite score (p = 0.04). Pravastatin did not affect these damage markers. The 24-h urinary KIM-1, renal KIM-1 immunostaining, and renal KIM-1 mRNA expression correlated with cardiac injury/stroke composite score (p < 0.0001, Spearman ranked correlation = 0.69, 0.66, 0.59, respectively). In conclusion, L-NAME/ANG II increases renal KIM-1 and both eplerenone and simvastatin blunt this increase in renal KIM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ezgi Caliskan Guzelce
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shadi K. Gholami
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kara L. Gawelek
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard N. Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luminita H. Pojoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jose R. Romero
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon H. Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kidney injury molecule-1 and podocalyxin dysregulation in an arginine vasopressin induced rodent model of preeclampsia. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 284:58-65. [PMID: 36934678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess renal injury in an arginine vasopressin (AVP) rodent model of preeclampsia. STUDY DESIGN Urinary expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), urinary protein and creatinine was determined in rodents (n = 24; pregnant AVP, pregnant saline, non-pregnant AVP and non-pregnant saline), which received a continuous dose of either AVP or saline via subcutaneous mini osmotic pumps for 18 days, using a Multiplex kidney toxicity immunoassay. Renal morphology was assessed using haematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. The immunolocalization of KIM-1 and podocalyxin was qualitatively evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Urinary KIM-1 and urinary protein levels were significantly increased in treated vs. untreated rats on gestational days 8 (p < 0.05), 14 (p < 0.001) and 18 (p < 0.001). The pregnant rats displayed a lower trend of creatinine compared to the non-pregnant groups, albeit non-significantly. KIM-1 was immunolocalized in the proximal convoluted tubules in AVP treated vs. untreated groups. In contrast, podocalyxin was weakly immunostained within glomeruli of pregnant AVP treated vs. pregnant untreated rats. Histological evaluation revealed reduced Bowman's space, with some tubular and blood vessel necrosis in the pregnant treated group. Ultrastructural observations included effacement and fusion of podocyte foot processes, glomerular basement membrane abnormalities, podocyte nuclear crenations, mitochondrial oedema and cristae degeneration with cytoplasmic lysis within treated tissue. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate region-specific kidney injury particularly glomerular impairment and endothelial injury in AVP-treated rats. The findings highlight the utility of this model in studying the mechanisms driving renal damage in a rodent model of preeclampsia.
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Chebotareva N, Grechukhina K, Mcdonnell V, Zhukova L, Krasnova T. Early biomarkers of nephrotoxicity associated with the use of anti‑VEGF drugs. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:46. [DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chebotareva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia
| | | | - Valerie Mcdonnell
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow 119048, Russia
| | - Lyudmila Zhukova
- Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center, Moscow 111123, Russia
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Serag WM, Barakat N, Elshehabi ME, Hafez HS, Zahran F. Renoprotective effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with hyaluronic acid against adriamycin- induced kidney fibrosis via inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:741-749. [PMID: 35354071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIM The current study aimed to explore the pretreatment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with hyaluronic acid (HA) on renal fibrosis in Adriamycin- induced CKD in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty male SD rats were alienated into 4 equal groups; The control group: rats received two saline injections at 1 and 14 days, adriamycin (ADR) group: rats were injected i.v. twice via tail vein at day one and after 2 weeks, BMSCs group; rats were injected i.v. twice after 5 days of each ADR injection, and HA+BMSCs; rats were i.v. injected twice with BMSCs pretreated with 1 mg/ml HA after 5 days of each ADR injection. Protective role of BMSCs on renal function and morphology was detected using biochemical analysis, molecular studies, histopathological, and immunohistohemical investigations. RESULTS Pretreatment of BMSCs with HA showed significant decrease in KIM-1, and increase in serum albumin compared to CKD group (p <0.05). Moreover, it reduced the expression of the apoptotic marker Caspase-3, the inflammatory markers TNF and IL-6, and the fibrotic markers Wnt7a, β-catenin, and fibronectin1 than the CKD group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The current outcomes suggested that BMSCs preconditioned with HA could attenuate the renal fibrosis in adriamycin- induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Serag
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Barakat
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Hani S Hafez
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Faten Zahran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Buyadaa O, Salim A, Morton JI, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE. Examining the factors contributing to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and a low rate of kidney function decline in diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221083518. [PMID: 35355954 PMCID: PMC8958525 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221083518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that among people with diabetes, those with non-albuminuric chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a slower rate of reduction in renal function than do those with normal renal function. This suggests the presence of protective factors, the identification of which may open up targets for intervention. The aim of this study was to identify protective clinical factors and nonclinical biomarkers that contribute to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and the low rate of progression of CKD. METHODS We tested for significant associations of several clinical factors and 33 nonclinical biomarkers with (1) normoalbuminuria and (2) a low rate of CKD progression among participants with diabetes and CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study in the United States. Factors significantly associated with both normoalbuminuria and a low rate of CKD progression were assessed in linear regression to estimate their potential contributions to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and rate of CKD progression. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure (SBP), glycated A1c (HbA1c), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and six biomarkers [β-trace protein (BTP), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), fibrinogen, fractalkine, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high-sensitivity troponin-T (hsTnT)] were associated with both normoalbuminuria and a low rate of eGFR decline. The univariate β-coefficient for normoalbuminuria was 0.93 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82, 1.05]. When all associated factors and biomarkers were included, the regression coefficient decreased to 0.54 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.67). The factors that contributed to the association between non-albuminuric CKD and low rate of eGFR were lower levels of SBP, HbA1c, BTP, KIM-1, hsTnT, BNP, fibrinogen and fractalkine. CONCLUSION Lower levels of SBP and biomarkers that have pro-inflammatory and vascular modulating features may explain up to 40% of the association between non-albuminuric CKD and low rate of CKD progression. Further investigation of these biomarkers may lead to therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agus Salim
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jedidiah I. Morton
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Centre, Leibniz Centre for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dianna J. Magliano
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan E. Shaw
- Department of Clinical Diabetes and Epidemiology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ibrahim Fouad G, Ahmed KA. The protective impact of berberine against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Tissue Cell 2021; 73:101612. [PMID: 34371291 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a well-known anti-neoplastic agent that is widely employed to treat several types of malignancies. The current study was designed to investigate the renoprotective potential of berberine (BEB) on the doxorubicin (DOX)-induced nephrotoxicity and renal fibrosis. Rats were allocated into four groups; Negative Control, DOX nephrotoxic-induced group received a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg, i.p.), BEB-group received (50 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 days, and co-treatment group BEB + DOX where rats were pre-treated with BEB for 10 successive days, then received a single dose of DOX on the 11th day, followed by 4 days of receiving BEB. DOX resulted in nephrotoxicity manifested by significant increments in urea, creatinine, and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), these biochemical findings were supported with the histopathological lesions in renal tissues. Moreover, DOX provoked oxidative stress through enhancing renal malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents, and decreased renal catalase (CAT) activity. DOX triggered renal fibrosis represented by increased transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and elevated collagen deposition. DOX stimulated apoptosis and inflammation in renal tissues as confirmed by increased immunoexpression of caspase-3 and NF-κB, respectively. These effects were alleviated by BEB co-treatment. Co-treatment with BEB markedly prohibited DOX-induced oxidative damage, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in renal tissue. Histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations showed the nephroprotective potential of BEB on renal injury, which was consistent with the biochemical findings. Accordingly, it could be concluded that the nephroprotective potential of BEB against DOX-induced kidney injury and fibrosis might be mediated by the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrosis activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadha Ibrahim Fouad
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Elshopakey GE, Almeer R, Alfaraj S, Albasher G, Abdelgawad ME, Abdel Moneim AE, Essawy EA. Zingerone mitigates inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative injuries associated with renal impairment in adriamycin-intoxicated mice. TOXIN REV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2021.1923528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gehad E. Elshopakey
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rafa Almeer
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alfaraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gadah Albasher
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Essameldin Abdelgawad
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Innovative Cellular Microenvironment Optimization Platform (ICMOP), Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Abdel Moneim
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ehab A. Essawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Wu Q, Troost JP, Dai T, Nast C, Eddy S, Wei B, Wang Y, Gipson DS, Dell KM, Gibson KL, Kretzler M, Adler S. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Periostin Urinary Excretion and Tissue Expression Levels and Association with Glomerular Disease Outcomes. GLOMERULAR DISEASES 2021; 1:45-59. [PMID: 34337593 DOI: 10.1159/000513166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introductions Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and periostin (POSTN) are proximal and distal tubule injury biomarkers. We tested whether baseline urine KIM-1/creatinine (uKIM-1/cr) and/or uPOSTN/cr correlated with disease severity or improved a remission prediction model. Methods Baseline uKIM1/cr and uPOSTN/cr were measured on spot urine samples from immunosuppression-free patients enrolled in Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network until December 15, 2014. Urine protein/creatinine (UPCR) and albumin/creatinine (UACR) were measured at baseline, 4 months, and until last follow-up. Glomerular and tubulointerstitial (TI) expression arrays were analyzed from a baseline research renal biopsy core collected during a clinically indicated biopsy.Renal diagnoses were centrally confirmed, sections scanned, and measured morphometrically. Correlations between baseline uKIM-1/cr and uPOSTN/cr and UPCR, UACR, histopathologic features, glomerular and TI KIM-1 and POSTN expression levels, and renal outcomes were assessed. Results Baseline uKIM-1/cr correlated with UPCR and UACR, and were associated with complete remission after adjustment for proteinuria, histopathologic diagnosis, and treatment. Baseline uKIM-1/cr also correlated with degree of foot process effacement and acute tubular injury. Glomerular and TI KIM-1 expression levels correlated with UPCR and UACR. Higher TI KIM-1 expression levels correlated with interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and global glomerulosclerosis, while glomerular KIM-1 expression correlated with time to remission. Findings for POSTN were of lesser statistical strength. Discussion/Conclusion Lower baseline uKIM-1/cr values were associated with more rapid time to complete remission after adjusting for proteinuria, histopathologic diagnosis, and treatment. Increased TI KIM-1 expression levels in proteinuric states were associated with chronic morphological injury; lower glomerular expression levels were associated with a greater potential for proteinuria reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Wu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jonathan P Troost
- Michigan Institute for Clinical and Health Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tiane Dai
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
| | - Cynthia Nast
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Boxian Wei
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
| | - Debbie S Gipson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Keisha L Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharon Adler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California, Torrance, CA
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Shati AA, El-Kott AF. Acylated ghrelin protects against doxorubicin-induced nephropathy by activating silent information regulator 1. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 128:805-821. [PMID: 33547742 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the nephroprotective role of acylated ghrelin (AG) against DOX-induced nephropathy and examined whether the protection involves silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Rats were divided into control, control + AG, DOX, DOX + AG, DOX + AG + [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6 (a ghrelin receptor antagonist), and DOX + AG + EX-527 (a sirt1 inhibitor). DOX was given over the first 2 weeks. AG (10 ng/kg) and both inhibitors were given as 3 doses/wk for 5 weeks. AG improved the structure and the function of the kidneys; down-regulated the renal expression of TGF-β1, collagen 1A1 and α-SMA; and inhibited the renal collagen deposition in the kidneys of DOX-treated rats. Concomitantly, it reduced the renal levels of ROS, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 and protein levels of cytochrome-c, TGF-β1, Smad3 and α-SMA in these rats. In both the control and DOX-treated rats, AG significantly increased the renal levels of SOD and GSH, decreased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, increased the total levels and the nuclear activity of SIRT1 and reduced the deacetylation of p53, NF-κB and FOXO-31. All the effects were abolished by the concurrent administration of EX-527 and [D-Lys3]-GHRP-6. In conclusion, AG prevents DOX-induced nephropathy in SIRT1 and GSHRa1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Obert LA, Elmore SA, Ennulat D, Frazier KS. A Review of Specific Biomarkers of Chronic Renal Injury and Their Potential Application in Nonclinical Safety Assessment Studies. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 49:996-1023. [PMID: 33576319 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320985045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A host of novel renal biomarkers have been developed over the past few decades which have enhanced monitoring of renal disease and drug-induced kidney injury in both preclinical studies and in humans. Since chronic kidney disease (CKD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) share similar underlying mechanisms and the tubulointerstitial compartment has a functional role in the progression of CKD, urinary biomarkers of AKI may provide predictive information in chronic renal disease. Numerous studies have explored whether the recent AKI biomarkers could improve upon the standard clinical biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, for predicting outcomes in CKD patients. This review is an introduction to alternative assays that can be utilized in chronic (>3 months duration) nonclinical safety studies to provide information on renal dysfunction and to demonstrate specific situations where these assays could be utilized in nonclinical drug development. Novel biomarkers such as symmetrical dimethyl arginine, dickkopf homolog 3, and cystatin C predict chronic renal injury in animals, act as surrogates for GFR, and may predict changes in GFR in patients over time, ultimately providing a bridge from preclinical to clinical renal monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Obert
- 549350GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Nonclinical Safety, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Susan A Elmore
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Toxicology Program (NTP), 6857National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Daniela Ennulat
- 549350GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Nonclinical Safety, Collegeville, PA, USA
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Asaad GF, Hassan A, Mostafa RE. Anti-oxidant impact of Lisinopril and Enalapril against acute kidney injury induced by doxorubicin in male Wistar rats: involvement of kidney injury molecule-1. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05985. [PMID: 33506137 PMCID: PMC7814155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a standard anticancer agent exerting devastating effects as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to increase the clinical use of DOX through decreasing its detrimental effects via combination with ACE inhibitors to ameliorate the induced acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI was induced by a single injection of DOX (7.5 mg/kg; i.p.) as Group 1; control (vehicle), Group 2; DOX (7.5 mg/kg; i.p.) single dose, Group 3 and 4; Lisinopril (Lis, 20 mg/kg) and Enalapril (Enal, 40 mg/kg) orally administration for 15 consecutive days after DOX injection, respectively. Serum samples were used to measure creatinine and BUN, tissue samples were extracted to determine myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) using ELISA technique. Heme oxygenase (HO-1) RNA expression was quantified in tissue using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Parts of the kidney tissue were kept in formalin for immunohistochemical demonstration of Cleaved Caspase-3 and NF-κβ immune staining and the other part was used for pathological examination. Oral treatment with Lis (20 mg/kg) and Enal (40 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days reversed DOX effects as they reduced the serum creatinine and BUN, kidney levels of MPO and MDA, whereas the drugs increased tissue TAC. The administration of Lis and Enal with DOX also reduced KIM-1and HO-1 RNA expression. A significant decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and NF-κβ immunostainings in conjunction with pronounced amelioration in pathologies in the rat kidney were observed. We concluded that DOX adverse effects can be controlled by Lis and Enal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan F Asaad
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 EL Bohouth Street, P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rasha E Mostafa
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), 33 EL Bohouth Street, P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Nozaki Y. The Network of Inflammatory Mechanisms in Lupus Nephritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:591724. [PMID: 33240910 PMCID: PMC7677583 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.591724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Several signaling pathways are involved in the progression of kidney disease in humans and in animal models, and kidney disease is usually due to the sustained activation of these pathways. Some of the best understood pathways are specific proinflammatory cytokine and protein kinase pathways (e.g., protein kinase C and mitogen-activated kinase pathways, which cause cell proliferation and fibrosis and are associated with angiotensin II) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways (e.g., the TGF-β signaling pathway, which leads to increased fibrosis and kidney scarring. It is thus necessary to continue to advance our knowledge of the pathogenesis and molecular biology of kidney disease and to develop new treatments. This review provides an update of important findings about kidney diseases (including diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis, and vasculitis, i.e., vasculitis with antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies). New disease targets, potential pathological pathways, and promising therapeutic approaches from basic science to clinical practice are presented, and the blocking of JAK/STAT and TIM-1/TIM-4 signaling pathways as potential novel therapeutic agents in lupus nephritis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Nozaki
- Department of Hematology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
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Khames A, Khalaf MM, Gad AM, Abd El-raouf OM, Kandeil MA. Nicorandil combats doxorubicin–induced nephrotoxicity via amendment of TLR4/P38 MAPK/NFκ-B signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ji Z, Wang L, Wang S, Liang G. [Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride up-regulates expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α to alleviate renal ischemiareperfusion injury in diabetic rats]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:944-949. [PMID: 31511215 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.08.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To verify whether dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Dex) alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic rats by increasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). METHODS A rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus was established by high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. The rats were subjected to daily intragastric administration of 0.05 mg/kg digoxin for 7 consecutive days and intraperitoneal injection of Dex 2 h before renal IR injury induced by ligation of the bilateral renal arteries for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min. After reperfusion, blood samples were taken for detection of serum creatinine (Scr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of HIF-1α, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax in the renal tissues; the expression of the HIF-1α, p-eNOS, and eNOS were detected using ELISA. The percentage of apoptotic glomerular cells was assessed using TUNEL assay. RESULTS The levels of Scr, BUN, HIF-1α, p-eNOS, and eNOS and the percentage of apoptotic cells in both normal and diabetic rats increased significantly after renal IR injury (P < 0.05). The expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, and eNOS decreased while HIF-1α expression increased significantly in Dex-treated rats with renal IR injury (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-diabetic rats, the diabetic rats showed more obvious increase in the expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, and eNOS following renal IR injury. In the diabetic rats with renal IR injury, Dex treatment prior to the injury significantly lowered the expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, eNOS, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and increased the levels of HIF-1a and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). Digoxin treatment significantly antagonized the effects of Dex in the diabetic rats with renal IR injury by increasing the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, promoting glomerular cell apoptosis, and decreasing renal expressions of HIF-1 and Bcl-2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dex alleviates renal IR injury in diabetic rats probably by inhibiting renal expression of HIF-1α and glomerular cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Health Management Center, Affiliated Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Genqiang Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Zhuhai Hospital of Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Khames A, Khalaf MM, Gad AM, Abd El-Raouf OM, Kandeil MA. Nicorandil combats doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity via amendment of TLR4/P38 MAPK/NFκ-B signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 311:108777. [PMID: 31376360 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicorandil ameliorated doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity; this study aimed to show and explain the mechanism of this protection. A precise method was elucidated to study the effect of nicorandil on doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats depending on the critical inflammation pathway TLR4/MAPK P38/NFκ-B. Adult male rats were subdivided into four groups. The 1st group was normal control, the 2nd group received nicorandil (3 mg/kg; p.o., for 4 weeks), the 3rd group received doxorubicin (2.6 mg/kg, i.p., twice per week for 4 weeks), and the fourth group was combination of doxorubicin and nicorandil for 4 weeks. Nephrotoxicity was assessed by biochemical tests through measuring Kidney function biomarkers such as [serum levels of urea, creatinine, albumin and total protein] besides renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and cystatin C], oxidative stress parameters such as [renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), SOD, catalase and nrf-2], mediators of inflammation such as [Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), p38 MAPK, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 β), and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)] and markers of apoptosis [BAX and Bcl-2 in renal tissue]. Finally, our data were supported by histopathology examination. Nicorandil pretreatment resulted in a significant decrease in nephrotoxicity biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory mediators and prevented apoptosis through decreasing BAX and increasing Bcl-2 in renal tissues. Nicorandil prevented all the histological alterations caused by doxorubicin. Nicorandil is a promising antidote against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity by neutralizing all toxicity mechanisms caused by doxorubicin through normalizing inflammatory cascade of TLR4/MAPK P38/NFκ-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khames
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Amany M Gad
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola M Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Pharmacology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Kandeil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Abstract
Blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine are imperfect markers of kidney function because they are influenced by many renal and nonrenal factors independent of kidney function. A biomarker that is released directly into the blood or urine by the kidney in response to injury may be a better early marker of drug-induced kidney toxicity than blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Urine albumin and urine protein, as well as urinary markers kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), β2-microglobulin (B2M), cystatin C, clusterin, and trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3) have been accepted by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency as highly sensitive and specific urinary biomarkers to monitor drug-induced kidney injury in preclinical studies and on a case-by-case basis in clinical trials. Other biomarkers of drug-induced kidney toxicity that have been detected in the urine of rodents or patients include IL-18, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, netrin-1, liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP), urinary exosomes, and TIMP2 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7)/IGFBP7 (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7), also known as NephroCheck, the first Food and Drug Administration-approved biomarker testing platform to detect acute kidney injury in patients. In the future, a combined use of functional and damage markers may advance the field of biomarkers of drug-induced kidney toxicity. Earlier detection of drug-induced kidney toxicity with a kidney-specific biomarker may result in the avoidance of nephrotoxic agents in clinical studies and may allow for earlier intervention to repair damaged kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Griffin
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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19
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Urinary biomarker evaluation for early detection of gentamycin-induced acute kidney injury. Toxicol Lett 2019; 300:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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20
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Zhou Y, Fan W, Dong J, Zhang W, Huang Y, Xi H. Establishment of a model to predict the prognosis of pregnancy-related acute kidney injury. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 70:437-443. [PMID: 29856169 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.02960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our aim was to investigate the prognostic factors of pregnancy related acute kidney injury (PR-AKI), establish the prognosis prediction model and evaluate predictability with the model. METHODS Serum creatinine (SCr), placental growth factor (PLGF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) levels in 122 patients with PR-AKI were measured at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after delivery and the logistic backward stepwise regression method was used to screen the factors associated with the prognosis, establish the model to predict the prognosis of patients 1 year after delivery, and evaluate predictability with the model. RESULTS 1) At 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after delivery, SCr was not significantly different in the poor prognosis group (P˃0.05); ET-1, KIM-1 and β2-MG were decreased significantly, and PLGF was significantly increased (P˂0.05); all testing indicators in the good prognosis group were significantly different and returned to normal within 1 year (P˂0.05). By comparing the two groups, there were no significant differences in SCr, PLGF and β2-MG levels at 1 month after delivery (P˃0.05), while there were significant differences in the remaining testing indicators at each time point (P˂0.05). 2) Logistic backward stepwise regression analysis showed that SCr, KIM-1, ET-1, and time were related to the prognosis of patients with PR-AKI, and the above screening indicators were used to fit the model Logit. CONCLUSIONS The logistic regression model fitting-effect was good, its accuracy of predicting renal injury prognosis was high. SCr, KIM-1, and ET-1 can be used for PR-AKI screening and are important for monitoring the disease condition of patients, intervention, and evaluation of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China -
| | - Wufeng Fan
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Jinju Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yunqin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hongli Xi
- Department of Obstetrics, Xiangyang Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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Fiorentino M, Castellano G, Kellum JA. Differences in acute kidney injury ascertainment for clinical and preclinical studies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:1789-1805. [PMID: 28371878 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical condition directly associated with adverse outcomes. Several AKI biomarkers have been discovered, but their use in clinical and preclinical studies has not been well examined. This study aims to investigate the differences between clinical and preclinical studies on AKI biomarkers. Methods We performed a systematic review of clinical and preclinical interventional studies that considered AKI biomarkers in enrollment criteria and/or outcome assessment and described the main differences according to their setting, the inclusion of biomarkers in the definition of AKI and the use of biomarkers as primary or secondary end points. Results In the 151 included studies (76 clinical, 75 preclinical), clinical studies have prevalently focused on cardiac surgery (38.1%) and contrast-associated AKI (17.1%), while the majority of preclinical studies have focused on ether ischemia-reperfusion injury or drug-induced AKI (42.6% each). A total of 57.8% of clinical studies defined AKI using the standard criteria and only 19.7% of these studies used AKI biomarkers in the definition of renal injury. Conversely, the majority of preclinical studies defined AKI according to the increase in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, and 32% included biomarkers in that definition. The percentage of both clinical and preclinical studies with biomarkers as a primary end point has not significantly increased in the last 10 years; however, preclinical studies are more likely to use AKI biomarkers as a primary end point compared with clinical studies [odds ratio 2.31 (95% confidence interval 1.17-4.59); P = 0.016]. Conclusion Differences between clinical and preclinical studies are evident and may affect the translation of preclinical findings in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fiorentino
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - John A Kellum
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, CRISMA (Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling of Acute Illness) Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
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Current practices and future outlook on the integration of biomarkers in the drug development process. Bioanalysis 2017; 9:1827-1837. [PMID: 29120222 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2017-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been broad incorporation of translational biomarkers into the early drug development process to predict safety concerns, measure target engagement and monitor disease progression. One goal of translational biomarkers is to create a cycle whereby preclinical readouts influence candidate selection and subsequent clinical data are fed back into research to facilitate better decision making. Successes have been limited and not as broad in scope as desired. Collaborations between industry and regulators have increased the number of qualified biomarkers; but the process is lengthy and expensive. A high level overview of translational biomarkers as well as a discussion of some of the successes and failures encountered in development is discussed here.
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Zhang Y, Li A, Wen J, Zhen J, Hao Q, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Xiao X. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Level is Associated with the Severity of Renal Interstitial Injury and Prognosis in Adult Henoch-Schönlein Purpura Nephritis. Arch Med Res 2017; 48:449-458. [PMID: 29122357 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) was identified the most highly upregulated protein in chronic kidney diseases and prolonged KIM-1 expression may be maladaptive. The present study was aimed to investigate urinary, renal and plasma KIM-1 levels and to analyze association between KIM-1 levels with clinical and pathological indexes in adult Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) patients. METHODS Twenty healthy individuals, 20 HSP patients without nephritis and 35 HSP patients with nephritis were recruited. Urinary and plasma KIM-1 levels were determined by ELISA and Luminex, respectively. Renal KIM-1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS HSP patients with nephritis were characterized as elevated levels of urinary, renal and plasma KIM-1. Those with more severe tubular injury of renal biopsy tissues presented significantly higher urinary and renal KIM-1 levels compared to control and patients without nephritis. Urinary and renal levels of KIM-1 were positively correlated with blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria, while they were negatively correlated with eGFR at both baseline and after two years follow-up. Moreover, plasma KIM-1 levels were associated with blood urea nitrogen and proteinuria as well. Further univariate correlation analysis indicated urinary and renal KIM-1 levels were positively correlated with interstitial inflammation index and tubulointerstitial chronicity index. Only urinary KIM-1 levels were associated with interstitial inflammation index, tubulointerstitial chronicity index and extracapillary glomerular activity index, after logistic regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) for urinary KIM-1/Cr predicting progression of renal damage was significantly greater than the AUC for proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggests that measurement of urinary and renal KIM-1 level may be helpful to evaluate severity of renal pathological damage and prognosis in adult HSP patients with nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Aiju Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiufa Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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High expression of TIM-3 and KIM-1 in blood and urine of renal allograft rejection patients. Transpl Immunol 2017; 43-44:11-20. [PMID: 28757398 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) is involved in alloimmune and autoimmune responses, as well as tolerance induction in kidney transplantation. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is highly expressed in epithelial cells of the injured proximal tubule. In this study, we have investigated both urinary and blood TIM-3 mRNA expressions, urinary KIM-1 mRNA expression, and urinary and serum KIM-1 proteins in renal allograft recipients diagnosed with acute allograft rejection (AR) and chronic allograft dysfunction (CAD), as well as those with well-functioning transplants (WFG). METHODS We divided 85 patients into the following groups: AR (n=24), CAD (n=19), and WFG (n=42). TIM-3 and KIM-1 mRNA expressions were quantified using real-time reverse-transcription TaqMan probe polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). An ELISA test was used to measure the amount of KIM-1 protein in serum and urine samples. RESULTS AR and CAD patients had significantly greater urinary and blood TIM-3 mRNA expressions, urinary KIM-1 mRNA expression, and urinary and serum KIM-1 proteins compared to WFG patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that these molecules discriminated Allograft rejections from WFG. CONCLUSION Quantification of TIM-3 and KIM-1 mRNA expressions, along with KIM-1 protein measurements in urine and blood could be employed as promising tools for noninvasive diagnosis of allograft dysfunction.
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Punsawad C, Viriyavejakul P. Increased expression of kidney injury molecule-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria with acute kidney injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2017; 10:7856-7864. [PMID: 31966633 PMCID: PMC6965263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a specific histological biomarker for diagnosing early acute kidney injury which is markedly up-regulated in the proximal tubular cells in acute and chronic tubular injury. KIM-1 expression is poorly defined in the renal tubules of malaria patients. This present study aimed to determine KIM-1 expression as a specific biomarker for acute tubular damage and to identify matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) as a mediator for KIM-1 shedding. Paraffin-embedded kidney tissues from autopsies of malaria patients were obtained from the Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand. The kidney tissues were divided into 2 groups: those with acute kidney injury (AKI) (n = 10 cases) and those with non-AKI (n = 10 cases). Ten normal kidney tissues were used as a control group. The expression of KIM-1 and MMP-3 was examined by immunohistochemical staining. KIM-1 and MMP-3 expressions were strongly expressed in the proximal tubular cells in all kidney tissues from severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria with histological changes showing acute tubular damage. The mean intensity and total score of KIM-1 and MMP-3 expressions were significantly increased in proximal tubules of AKI group compared to non-AKI and control groups (all P < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation of total score of KIM-1 expression and the parameters of kidney function for AKI, including serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, strong positive correlations were found between total score of KIM-1 expression and proximal tubular necrosis and MMP-3 expression. The study supports the potential role of KIM-1 as a specific biomarker for renal proximal tubular damage in malarial AKI, and indicates that the process of KIM-1 shedding might be stimulated by MMP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchard Punsawad
- School of Medicine, Walailak UniversityNakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
- Tropical Diseases and Parasitic Infectious Diseases Research Group, Walailak UniversityNakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Parnpen Viriyavejakul
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol UniversityBangkok, Thailand
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De Blasio MJ, Ramalingam A, Cao AH, Prakoso D, Ye JM, Pickering R, Watson AM, de Haan JB, Kaye DM, Ritchie RH. The superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol blunts diabetes-induced upregulation of NADPH oxidase and endoplasmic reticulum stress in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hijmans RS, Rasmussen DGK, Yazdani S, Navis G, van Goor H, Karsdal MA, Genovese F, van den Born J. Urinary collagen degradation products as early markers of progressive renal fibrosis. J Transl Med 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28320405 PMCID: PMC5358042 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Renal fibrogenesis is associated with increased ECM remodeling and release of collagen fragments in urine in progressive renal disease. We investigated the diagnostic value of urinary collagen degradation products in a proteinuria-driven fibrosis rat model with and without anti-fibrotic S1P-receptor modulator FTY720 treatment. Methods Proteinuria was induced in male Wistar rats by Adriamycin (ADR) injection (n = 16). Healthy rats served as controls (n = 12). Six weeks post-injection, all underwent renal biopsy, and FTY720-treatment started in ADR-rats (n = 8) and controls (n = 6). Others remained untreated. Rats were sacrificed after 12 weeks. Collagen type I (C1M) and III (C3M) degradation fragments were measured in blood and urine using ELISA. Kidneys were stained for various inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Results Six weeks post-injection proteinuria increased (versus controls, P < 0.001) and although no accumulation of interstitial renal collagen type III (iColl3) was observed at this time, urinary C3M (uC3M) and C1M (uC1M) were significantly increased (both P < 0.001). At 12 weeks, uC3M (P < 0.001) and uC1M (P < 0.01) further increased in ADR-rats versus controls, just as fibronectin, PDGF-β receptor, hyaluronan (all P < 0.01), iColl3, PAS, myofibroblasts, macrophages and T-cells (all P < 0.05). FTY720-treatment reduced accumulation of immune cells, α-SMA+ myofibroblasts and PAS-score, but not iColl3 and uC3M. Correlation analyses indicated that uC3M and uC1M reflected and predicted tubulointerstitial fibrogenesis. Conclusions These data displayed urinary collagen breakdown products as sensitive early markers of interstitial fibrosis, preceding histological fibrotic changes, which might replace the invasive renal biopsy procedure to assess fibrosis. Anti-fibrotic FTY720 intervention reduced some fibrotic markers without affecting collagen type III metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryanne S Hijmans
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daniel Guldager Kring Rasmussen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jacob van den Born
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Xu L, Bai Q, Zhang X, Yang H. Folate-mediated chemotherapy and diagnostics: An updated review and outlook. J Control Release 2017; 252:73-82. [PMID: 28235591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Folate receptor (FR) is highly expressed in many types of human cancers, and it has been actively studied for developing targeted chemotherapy and diagnostic agents. Tremendous efforts have been made in developing FR-targeted nanomedicines and nanoprobes and translating them into clinical applications. This article provides a concise review on the latest development of folate-mediated nanomedicines and nanoprobes for chemotherapy and diagnostics with an emphasis on in vivo applications. The cellular uptake mechanisms, pharmacokinetics (PK), administration routes and major challenges in FR-targeted nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyuan Xu
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hu Yang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States; Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
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Trujillo J, Molina-Jijón E, Medina-Campos ON, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Reyes JL, Loredo ML, Barrera-Oviedo D, Pinzón E, Rodríguez-Rangel DS, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Curcumin prevents cisplatin-induced decrease in the tight and adherens junctions: relation to oxidative stress. Food Funct 2016; 7:279-93. [PMID: 26467482 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00624d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a polyphenol and cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent that induces nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, apoptosis, fibrosis and decrease in renal tight junction (TJ) proteins. The potential effect of curcumin against alterations in TJ structure and function has not been evaluated in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The present study explored whether curcumin is able to prevent the cisplatin-induced fibrosis and decreased expression of the TJ and adherens junction (AJ) proteins occludin, claudin-2 and E-cadherin in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Curcumin (200 mg kg(-1)) was administered in three doses, and rats were sacrificed 72 h after cisplatin administration. Curcumin was able to scavenge, in a concentration-dependent way, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion, hypochlorous acid and hydrogen peroxide. Cisplatin-induced renal damage was associated with alterations in plasma creatinine, expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and of kidney injury molecule-1, histological damage, increase in apoptosis, fibrosis (evaluated by transforming growth factor β1, collagen I and IV and α-smooth muscle actin expressions), increase in oxidative/nitrosative stress (evaluated by Hsp70/72 expression, protein tyrosine nitration, superoxide anion production in isolated glomeruli and proximal tubules, and protein levels of NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and gp91(phox), protein kinase C β2, and Nrf2) as well as by decreased expression of occludin, claudin-2, β-catenin and E-cadherin. Curcumin treatment prevented all the above-described alterations. The protective effect of curcumin against cisplatin-induced fibrosis and decreased proteins of the TJ and AJ was associated with the prevention of glomerular and proximal tubular superoxide anion production induced by NADPH oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Trujillo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 University City, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Eduardo Molina-Jijón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - Omar Noel Medina-Campos
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 University City, D.F., Mexico.
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - José Luis Reyes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, 07360, Mexico
| | - María L Loredo
- School of Medicine, Panamericana University, Mexico City, 03920, Mexico
| | - Diana Barrera-Oviedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Enrique Pinzón
- Animal Care Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniela Saraí Rodríguez-Rangel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 University City, D.F., Mexico.
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), 04510 University City, D.F., Mexico.
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Abstract
Kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1) is a type I membrane protein, comprising an extracellular portion and a cytoplasmic portion, which is expressed at very low levels in the normal kidney. The extracellular portion can cleave and rapidly enter tubule lumens after kidney injury, and can then be detected in the urine. It has been confirmed that the urine KIM-1 level is closely related to tissue KIM-1 level and correlated with kidney tissue damage. Not only is KIM-1 proven to be an early biomarker of acute kidney injury but it also has a potential role in predicting long-term renal outcome. This review summarizes the relationships between KIM-1 and kidney injury, especially in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Yin
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
| | - Ningning Wang
- a Department of Nephrology , The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu Province , People's Republic of China
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31
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Brovko MY, Pulin AA, Kustova TY, Sholomova VI, Loshkareva OA, Taranova MV, Kozlovskaya LV. [Significance of the determination of urinary excretion of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in the assessment of the activity and prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2016; 88:51-57. [PMID: 27296262 DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201688651-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the urinary excretion of KIM-1 in groups of patients with varying clinical activity of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and to determine the possibility of using the urinary KIM-1 concentration as a criterion for predicting the course of CGN. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 47 patients with CGN were examined. Group 1 included 10 patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR); Group 2 consisted of 16 patients with NS and normal GFR; Group 3 comprised 10 patients with partial remission of NS; Group 4 included 11 patients with CGN, hematuria, moderate proteinuria, and normal GFR. A control group consisted of 9 healthy individuals. In the examined groups, urinary KIM-1 concentrations were estimated using an indirect immunoassay. RESULTS The urinary KIM-1 excretion in the patients with CGN was higher than that in the healthy individuals (p <0.0001), at the same time, in the average the KIM-1 excretion was statistically significantly higher in the patients with proteinuria than in those with hematuria (p=0.01). The highest levels were registered in Group 1; Group 2 was intermediate in the level of KIM-1 excretion and the difference between Groups 3 and 4 proved to be statistically insignificant. The lowest levels were noted in Group 4 and in the controls; the differences between the groups were statistically insignificant. In the patients with CGN, the level of KIM-1 excretion was established to correlate with all indicators of NS severity. The value of the determination of KIM-1 as a risk factor of persistent/refractory NS was estimated. The results of constructing the ROC-curve indicate that KIM-1 levels higher than 2.34 ng/ml could predict NS persistence in CGN patients with a high sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSION Urinary KIM-1 levels may be used to estimate the activity of CGN with NS and to evaluate the efficiency of treatment. The results of the study substantiate the search for ways of pharmacological blockade of KIM-1 production in the kidney in order to optimize the methods that impact on the pathogenesis of CGN progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yu Brovko
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Pulin
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Yu Kustova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Sholomova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Loshkareva
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - M V Taranova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - L V Kozlovskaya
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang J, Zeng H, Wang N, Tian X, Dou W, Shi P. Beneficial effects of creatine phosphate sodium for the treatment of Henoch-Schönlein purpura in patients with early renal damage detected using urinary kidney injury molecule-1 levels. Eur J Pediatr 2016. [PMID: 26220440 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a small-vessel disease in children that is often accompanied by kidney damage. Despite many efforts to improve the early assessment of renal injury in HSP patients, effective markers are still lacking. In recent years, the relationship between kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and tubulointerstitial injury has drawn much attention, especially regarding the diagnostic potential of serum and urinary KIM-1 levels. However, the diagnostic value of KIM-1 for detecting urinary kidney injury in HSP patients is still elusive. Furthermore, the treatment of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) relies on the clinician's experience without performing renal biopsy, so it is important to find an effective biomarker and therapy. In the present study, we investigated the diagnostic value of urinary KIM-1 for early renal injury in HSP patients enrolled in a prospective, single-center study. Urinary KIM-1 levels were measured in 27 patients with HSP, 32 patients with HSPN (21 HSPN patients had undergone renal biopsy), and 16 healthy donors, as normal controls. The HSPN patients were randomly divided to receive either routine therapy (n = 13) or routine treatment combined with creatine phosphate sodium (CP) (n = 19). Urinary KIM-1 levels were significantly greater in the HSP and HSPN groups than those in the healthy control group (P < 0.01), and were significantly greater in the HSPN group than in the HSP group (P < 0.01). The urinary KIM-1 levels decreased significantly after 10-14 days of treatment with CP compared with conventional therapy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the diagnostic value of KIM-1 and the therapeutic potential of CP for early renal damage in HSP patients. WHAT IS KNOWN Urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a sensitive biomarker for tubulointerstitial injury. Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) usually presents with renal damage. WHAT IS NEW Our results suggest that the urinary KIM-1 level is a sensitive and specific biomarker for the detection of early renal damage in HSP and may predict the severity of HSP and HSPN. The administration of creatine phosphate sodium (CP) may reduce urinary KIM-1 levels and thus correct the hypoxic condition of the kidney. Preconditioning with CP may also be a useful adjunct for preventing early renal damage in HSPN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Huiqin Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Xiyan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Wenjie Dou
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Peipei Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital/Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Science to Clinical Practice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:854070. [PMID: 26697493 PMCID: PMC4677159 DOI: 10.1155/2015/854070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite the recent findings concerning pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies, cardiovascular disease (CVD) still stays the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with renal dysfunction, especially acute kidney injury (AKI). Early detection of patients with impaired renal function with cardiovascular risk may help ensure more aggressive treatment and improve clinical outcome. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a new, promising marker of kidney damage which is currently the focus of countless studies worldwide. Some recent animal and human studies established KIM-1 as an important marker of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and reliable predictor of development and prognosis of AKI. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in USA acclaimed KIM-1 as an AKI biomarker for preclinical drug development. Recent data suggest the importance of monitoring of KIM-1 for early diagnosis and clinical course not only in patients with various forms of AKI and other renal diseases but also in patients with cardiorenal syndrome, heart failure, cardiopulmonary bypass, cardiothoracic surgical interventions in the pediatric emergency setting, and so forth. The aim of this review article is to summarize the literature data concerning KIM-1 as a potential novel marker in the early diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcome of certain cardiovascular diseases.
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Yin W, Naini SM, Chen G, Hentschel DM, Humphreys BD, Bonventre JV. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Mediates Kidney Injury Molecule 1-Dependent Tubule Injury in a Surrogate Model. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1943-57. [PMID: 26538632 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015050500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phagocytic receptor, is markedly upregulated in the proximal tubule in various forms of acute and chronic kidney injury in humans and many other species. Whereas acute expression of KIM-1 has adaptive anti-inflammatory effects, chronic expression may be maladaptive in mice. Here, we characterized the zebrafish Kim family, consisting of Kim-1, Kim-3, and Kim-4. Kim-1 was markedly upregulated in kidney after gentamicin-induced injury and had conserved phagocytic activity in zebrafish. Both constitutive and tamoxifen-induced expression of Kim-1 in zebrafish kidney tubules resulted in loss of the tubule brush border, reduced GFR, pericardial edema, and increased mortality. Kim-1-induced kidney injury was associated with reduction of growth of adult fish. Kim-1 expression led to activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, and inhibition of this pathway with rapamycin increased survival. mTOR pathway inhibition in KIM-1-overexpressing transgenic mice also significantly ameliorated serum creatinine level, proteinuria, tubular injury, and kidney inflammation. In conclusion, persistent Kim-1 expression results in chronic kidney damage in zebrafish through a mechanism involving mTOR. This observation predicted the role of the mTOR pathway and the therapeutic efficacy of mTOR-targeted agents in KIM-1-mediated kidney injury and fibrosis in mice, demonstrating the utility of the Kim-1 renal tubule zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Yin
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guochun Chen
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dirk M Hentschel
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Zhao X, Jiang C, Olufade R, Liu D, Emmett N. Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Enhances Endocytosis of Albumin in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:896-907. [PMID: 26332568 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis plays an important role in albumin reabsorption by renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a scavenger receptor that is upregulated on the apical membrane of proximal tubules in proteinuric kidney disease. In this study, we examined the cellular localization and functional role of KIM-1 in cultured renal tubule epithelial cells (TECs). Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy reveals intracellular and cell surface localization of KIM-1 in primary renal TECs. Albumin stimulation resulted in a redistribution of KIM-1 and tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 in primary TEC monolayer. An increase in albumin internalization was observed in both primary TECs expressing endogenous KIM-1 and rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E) overexpressing exogenous KIM-1. KIM-1-induced albumin accumulation was abolished by its specific antibody. Moreover, endocytosed KIM-1 and its cargo proteins were delivered from endosomes to lysosomes for degradation in a clathrin-dependent pathway. Supportive evidence includes (1) detection of KIM-1 in Rab5-positive early endosomes, Rab7-positive late endosomes/multivesicular bodies, and LAMP1-positive lysosomes, (2) colocalization of KIM-1 and clathrin in the intracellular vesicles, and (3) blockade of KIM-1-mediated albumin internalization by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. KIM-1 expression was upregulated by albumin but downregulated by transforming growth factor-β1. Taken together, our data indicate that KIM-1 increases albumin endocytosis in renal tubule epithelial cells, at least partially via a clathrin-dependent mechanism. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 896-907, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Rebecca Olufade
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nerimiah Emmett
- Department of Physiology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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Triptolide Attenuates Podocyte Injury by Regulating Expression of miRNA-344b-3p and miRNA-30b-3p in Rats with Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:107814. [PMID: 26078766 PMCID: PMC4452866 DOI: 10.1155/2015/107814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. We investigated the action of triptolide in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy and evaluated the possible mechanisms underlying its protective effect against podocyte injury. Methods. In total, 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups (normal group, model group, and triptolide group). On days 7, 28, 42, and 56, 24 h urine samples were collected. All rats were sacrificed on day 56, and their blood and renal tissues were collected for determination of biochemical and molecular biological parameters. Expression of miRNAs in the renal cortex was analyzed by a biochip assay and RT-PCR was used to confirm observed differences in miRNA levels. Results. Triptolide decreased proteinuria, improved renal function without apparent adverse effects on the liver, and alleviated renal pathological lesions. Triptolide also elevated the nephrin protein level. Furthermore, levels of miR-344b-3p and miR-30b-3p were elevated in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy, while triptolide treatment reversed the increase in the expression of these two miRNAs. Conclusions. These results suggest that triptolide may attenuate podocyte injury in rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy by regulating expression of miRNA-344b-3p and miRNA-30b-3p.
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Herlan L, Unland J, Langer S, Schulte L, Schütten S, García-Prieto CF, Kossmehl P, Fernández-Alfonso MS, Schulz A, Kreutz R. Development of progressive albuminuria in male Munich Wistar Frömter rats is androgen dependent. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:281-9. [PMID: 25969455 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00008.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rats develop spontaneous albuminuria that is linked to autosomal genetic loci and inherit a nephron deficit in both female and male animals, respectively. However, albuminuria and kidney damage are clearly more pronounced in males. Here we tested whether androgens and the androgen receptor influence albuminuria in male MWF. We first demonstrated in a pilot study that orchiectomy (Ox) of male MWF led to a significant suppression of urinary albumin excretion (UAE), while continuous testosterone supplementation in MWF Ox led to UAE levels similar to sham-operated (Sham) MWF rats. Subsequently, we performed a comparative main study between male MWF and normal Wistar rats to evaluate the effect of the androgen receptor on UAE development in adult animals up to the age of 18 wk. MWF Sham developed a marked increase in UAE compared with Wistar Sham (48.30 ± 6.16 vs. 0.42 ± 0.08 mg/24 h, P < 0.0001). UAE was significantly lower in MWF Ox compared with MWF Sham (-55%, P < 0.0001). In MWF Ox animals supplemented with testosterone and treated with the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (OxTF) UAE at 18 wk was even lower compared with MWF Ox (-71%, P < 0.01) and similar to age-matched female MWF. The mRNA expression of renal tubular injury markers Kim1 and NGAL was increased in MWF Sham compared with Wistar Sham (P < 0.0008, respectively) and expression decreased significantly in MWF OxTF (P < 0.0004, respectively). Thus, the sexual dimorphism in albuminuria development in MWF can be attributed to testosterone and the androgen receptor in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Herlan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Unland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Schulte
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schütten
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Concha F García-Prieto
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Peter Kossmehl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Angela Schulz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité Centrum für Therapieforschung, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany;
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Urinary β2-Microglobulin Is a Good Indicator of Proximal Tubule Injury: A Correlative Study with Renal Biopsies. J Biomark 2014; 2014:492838. [PMID: 26317034 PMCID: PMC4437367 DOI: 10.1155/2014/492838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. After filtration through glomeruli, β2-microglobulin is reabsorbed in proximal tubules. Increased urinary β2-microglobulin indicates proximal tubule injury and measurement of β2-microglobulin in urine is useful to determine the source of renal injury. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) has been characterized as a selective proximal tubule injury marker. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation of urinary β2-microglobulin concentration and KIM-1 expression as evidence of proximal tubule injury. Methods. Between 2009 and 2012, 46 patients with urine β2-microglobulin (RenalVysion) had follow-up kidney biopsy. Diagnoses included glomerular and tubule-interstitial disease. Immunohistochemical staining for KIM-1 was performed and the intensity was graded from 0 to 3+. Linear regression analysis was applied to correlate the values of urinary β2-microglobulin and KIM-1 staining scores. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. Thirty patients had elevated urinary β2-microglobulin. KIM-1 staining was positive in 35 kidney biopsies. There was a significant correlation between urinary β2-microglobulin and KIM-1 staining (P < 0.05). Sensitivity was 86.6%, specificity was 43.7%, positive predictive value was 74.2%, and negative predictive value was 63.6%. Conclusion. Increased urinary β2-microglobulin is significantly correlated with KIM-1 staining in injured proximal tubules. Measurement of urine β2-microglobulin is a sensitive assay for proximal tubule injury.
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Kim Y, Lee AL, Kim MS, Joo DJ, Kim BS, Huh KH, Kim SI, Kim YS, Jeong HJ. Changes of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Expression and Renal Allograft Function in Protocol and for Cause Renal Allograft Biopsy. KOREAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2014. [DOI: 10.4285/jkstn.2014.28.3.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yonhee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - A-Lan Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jin Joo
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Ha Huh
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Seun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Joo Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute for Transplantation, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Tapia E, Sánchez-Lozada LG, García-Niño WR, García E, Cerecedo A, García-Arroyo FE, Osorio H, Arellano A, Cristóbal-García M, Loredo ML, Molina-Jijón E, Hernández-Damián J, Negrette-Guzmán M, Zazueta C, Huerta-Yepez S, Reyes JL, Madero M, Pedraza-Chaverrí J. Curcumin prevents maleate-induced nephrotoxicity: relation to hemodynamic alterations, oxidative stress, mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:1342-54. [PMID: 25119790 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.954109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential protective effect of the dietary antioxidant curcumin (120 mg/Kg/day for 6 days) against the renal injury induced by maleate was evaluated. Tubular proteinuria and oxidative stress were induced by a single injection of maleate (400 mg/kg) in rats. Maleate-induced renal injury included increase in renal vascular resistance and in the urinary excretion of total protein, glucose, sodium, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and N-acetyl β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), upregulation of kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1, decrease in renal blood flow and claudin-2 expression besides of necrosis and apoptosis of tubular cells on 24 h. Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the oxidation of lipids and proteins and diminution in renal Nrf2 levels. Studies were also conducted in renal epithelial LLC-PK1 cells and in mitochondria isolated from kidneys of all the experimental groups. Maleate induced cell damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LLC-PK1 cells in culture. In addition, maleate treatment reduced oxygen consumption in ADP-stimulated mitochondria and diminished respiratory control index when using malate/glutamate as substrate. The activities of both complex I and aconitase were also diminished. All the above-described alterations were prevented by curcumin. It is concluded that curcumin is able to attenuate in vivo maleate-induced nephropathy and in vitro cell damage. The in vivo protection was associated to the prevention of oxidative stress and preservation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and activity of respiratory complex I, and the in vitro protection was associated to the prevention of ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tapia
- Department of Nephrology, National Institute of Cardiology I. Ch. , Mexico City , Mexico
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Lim AI, Chan LYY, Tang SCW, Lai KN, Leung JCK. Albumin and glycated albumin activate KIM-1 release in tubular epithelial cells through distinct kinetics and mechanisms. Inflamm Res 2014; 63:831-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-014-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 07/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Molina-Jijón E, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Namorado MDC, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Reyes JL. Oxidative stress induces claudin-2 nitration in experimental type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:162-75. [PMID: 24726862 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renal complications in diabetes are severe and may lead to renal insufficiency. Early alterations in tight junction (TJ) proteins in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been explored and the role of oxidative stress in their disassembly has been poorly characterized. We investigated the expression and distribution of TJ proteins: claudin-5 in glomeruli (GL), occludin and claudin-2 in proximal tubules (PTs), and ZO-1 and claudin-1, -4, and -8 in distal tubules (DTs) of rats 21 days after streptozotocin injection. Redox status along the nephron segments was evaluated. Diabetes increased kidney injury molecule-1 expression. Expression of sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLT1 and SGLT2) and facilitative glucose transporter (GLUT2) was induced. Increased oxidative stress was present in GL and PTs and to a lesser extent in DTs (measured by superoxide production and PKCβ2 expression), owing to NADPH oxidase activation and uncoupling of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent pathway. Claudin-5, occludin, and claudin-2 expression was decreased, whereas claudin-4 and -8 expression increased. ZO-1 was redistributed from membrane to cytosol. Increased nitration of tyrosine residues in claudin-2 was found, which might contribute to decrement of this protein in proximal tubule. In contrast, occludin was not nitrated. We suggest that loss of claudin-2 is associated with increased natriuresis and that loss of glomerular claudin-5 might explain early presence of proteinuria. These findings suggest that oxidative stress is related to alterations in TJ proteins in the kidney that are relevant to the pathogenesis and progression of DN and for altered sodium regulation in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Molina-Jijón
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Namorado
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510 University City, DF, Mexico
| | - José L Reyes
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, México, DF 07360, Mexico.
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43
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Nan-Ya KI, Kajihara M, Kojima N, Degawa M. Usefulness of urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1) as a biomarker for cisplatin-induced sub-chronic kidney injury. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:124-32. [PMID: 24737228 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We explored biomarkers suitable for monitoring sub-chronic kidney injury using the three rat models of cisplatin (CDDP)-induced kidney injury, which were designed to extend the current knowledge beyond the sub-acute exposure period. In the pilot study, a single intravenous administration of 1.5 mg kg(-1) CDDP to rats was confirmed to result in no histopathological changes. Subsequently, CDDP was intravenously administered to rats at a dose of 1.5 mg kg(-1) for 4 days at 24-h intervals (Experimental model 1) and for up to 10 weeks at weekly intervals (Experimental models 2 and 3), and the changes in blood and urine components, such as recently recommended urinary biomarkers (Kim-1, clusterin and so on) and traditional blood biomarkers (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine), were examined together with the histopathological changes in renal tissues during the development of the kidney injury in each model. In these experimental models, a significant increase in urinary Kim-1 was observed prior to the histopathological changes in renal tissues, and these changes were retained after the adverse histopathological changes. Significant changes in all of the other urinary biomarkers examined occurred along with the histopathological changes. In addition, the increase in urinary Kim-1 after weekly treatment with CDDP for 4 weeks was reduced in a time-dependent manner after cessation of the drug. The present findings indicate that urinary Kim-1 is the most useful biomarker for CDDP-induced rat sub-chronic kidney injury among the biomarkers examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichiro Nan-Ya
- Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, 1188 Shimotogari, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8731, Japan; Department of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
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Ochodnicky P, Mesarosova L, Cernecka H, Klimas J, Krenek P, Goris M, van Dokkum RPE, Henning RH, Kyselovic J. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, provides comparable protection to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril against adriamycin nephropathy in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 730:51-60. [PMID: 24582928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have been shown to ameliorate diabetic nephropathy, but much less are known about their effects in non-diabetic nephropathies. In the present study, metabolic parameters, blood pressure, aortic endothelial function along with molecular and structural markers of glomerular and tubulointerstitial renal damage, were studied in a rat model of normotensive nephropathy induced by adriamycin and treated with PPARγ agonist pioglitazone (12mg/kg, po), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril (1mg/kg, po) or their combination. Pioglitazone had no effect on systolic blood pressure, marginally reduced glycemia and improved aortic endothelium-dependent relaxation. In the kidney, pioglitazone prevented the development of proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis to the similar extent as blood-pressure lowering ramipril. Renoprotection provided by either treatment was associated with a reduction in the cortical expression of profibrotic plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and microvascular damage-inducing endothelin-1, and a limitation of interstitial macrophage influx. Treatment with PPARγ agonist, as well as ACE inhibitor comparably affected renal expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, normalizing increased renal expression of ACE and enhancing the expression of Mas receptor. Interestingly, combined pioglitazone and ramipril treatment did not provide any additional renoprotection. These results demonstrate that in a nondiabetic renal disease, such as adriamycin-induced nephropathy, PPARγ agonist pioglitazone provides renoprotection to a similar extent as an ACE inhibitor by interfering with the expression of local RAS components and attenuating related profibrotic and inflammatory mechanisms. The combination of the both agents, however, does not lead to any additional renal benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Ochodnicky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Lucia Mesarosova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Hana Cernecka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Maaike Goris
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P E van Dokkum
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert H Henning
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and Groningen Institute for Drug Exploration (GUIDE), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Kyselovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Cianciolo R, Yoon L, Krull D, Stokes A, Rodriguez A, Jordan H, Cooper D, Falls JG, Cullen J, Kimbrough C, Berridge B. Gene expression analysis and urinary biomarker assays reveal activation of tubulointerstitial injury pathways in a rodent model of chronic proteinuria (Doxorubicin nephropathy). Nephron Clin Pract 2013; 124:1-10. [PMID: 24248038 DOI: 10.1159/000355542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis are well-recognized sequelae of chronic proteinuria; however, little is known regarding the molecular pathways activated within tubulointerstitium in chronic proteinuric nephropathies. METHODS To investigate the molecular mechanisms of proteinuria-associated tubulointerstitial (TI) disease, doxorubicin nephropathy was induced in rats. Progression of disease was monitored with weekly urinary biomarker assays. Because histopathology revealed multifocal TI injury, immunodirected laser capture microdissection was used to identify and isolate injured proximal tubules, as indicated by kidney injury molecule-1 immunolabeling. Adjacent interstitial cells were harvested separately. Gene expression microarray, manual annotation of gene lists, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis were performed. A subset of the regulated transcripts was validated by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Severe proteinuria preceded tubular injury biomarkers by 1 week. Histology revealed multifocal, mild TI damage at 3 weeks, which progressed in severity at 5 weeks. Affymetrix microarray analysis revealed tissue-specific regulation of gene expression. Manual annotation of gene lists, gene set enrichment analysis, and urinary biomarker assays revealed similarities to pathways activated in direct TI injuries. This suggests commonalities amongst the molecular mechanisms of TI injury secondary to proteinuria, ischemia-reperfusion, and nephrotoxicity. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Cianciolo
- Safety Assessment, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, N.C., USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the new findings about the physiological roles of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and the rapidly expanding evidence for this molecule as a promising biomarker in preclinical kidney toxicity evaluation and various human kidney diseases. RECENT FINDINGS KIM-1 has attracted increasing interest because of its possible pathophysiological role in modulating tubular damage and repair. There is rapidly accumulating evidence from both animal models and clinical studies that urinary KIM-1 is a sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for various forms of nephrotoxic injury, cardiac surgery-induced kidney injury, transplant rejection, and chronic kidney diseases. SUMMARY KIM-1 mediates epithelial phagocytosis in the injured kidney converting the proximal epithelial cell into a phagocyte, with potentially important pathophysiological implications for modulation of the immune response and repair process after injury. KIM-1 serves as a highly sensitive and specific urinary biomarker for kidney injury and may also be a therapeutic target for various kidney diseases.
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Humphreys BD, Xu F, Sabbisetti V, Grgic I, Movahedi Naini S, Wang N, Chen G, Xiao S, Patel D, Henderson JM, Ichimura T, Mou S, Soeung S, McMahon AP, Kuchroo VK, Bonventre JV. Chronic epithelial kidney injury molecule-1 expression causes murine kidney fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4023-35. [PMID: 23979159 DOI: 10.1172/jci45361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury predisposes patients to the development of both chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, but the molecular details underlying this important clinical association remain obscure. We report that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), an epithelial phosphatidylserine receptor expressed transiently after acute injury and chronically in fibrotic renal disease, promotes kidney fibrosis. Conditional expression of KIM-1 in renal epithelial cells (Kim1(RECtg)) in the absence of an injury stimulus resulted in focal epithelial vacuolization at birth, but otherwise normal tubule histology and kidney function. By 4 weeks of age, Kim1(RECtg) mice developed spontaneous and progressive interstitial kidney inflammation with fibrosis, leading to renal failure with anemia, proteinuria, hyperphosphatemia, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, and death, analogous to progressive kidney disease in humans. Kim1(RECtg) kidneys had elevated expression of proinflammatory monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) at early time points. Heterologous expression of KIM-1 in an immortalized proximal tubule cell line triggered MCP-1 secretion and increased MCP-1-dependent macrophage chemotaxis. In mice expressing a mutant, truncated KIM-1 polypeptide, experimental kidney fibrosis was ameliorated with reduced levels of MCP-1, consistent with a profibrotic role for native KIM-1. Thus, sustained KIM-1 expression promotes kidney fibrosis and provides a link between acute and recurrent injury with progressive chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Humphreys
- Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Zhang PL, Mashni JW, Sabbisetti VS, Schworer CM, Wilson GD, Wolforth SC, Kernen KM, Seifman BD, Amin MB, Geddes TJ, Lin F, Bonventre JV, Hafron JM. Urine kidney injury molecule-1: a potential non-invasive biomarker for patients with renal cell carcinoma. Int Urol Nephrol 2013; 46:379-88. [PMID: 23979814 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-013-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KIM-1 staining is upregulated in proximal tubule-derived renal cell carcinoma (RCC) including clear renal cell carcinoma and papillary renal cell carcinoma, but not in chromophobe RCC (distal tubular tumor). This study was designed to prospectively examine urine KIM-1 level before and 1 month after removal of renal tumors. PATIENTS AND DESIGN A total of 19 patients were eventually enrolled in the study based on pre-operative imaging studies. Pre-operative and follow-up (1 month) urine KIM-1 levels were measured. The urine KIM-1 levels (uKIM-1) were then normalized to urine creatinine levels (uCr). Renal tumors were also stained for KIM-1 using immunohistochemical techniques. RESULTS The KIM-1-negative staining group included 7 cases, and the KIM-1-positive group consisted of 12 cases. The percentage of KIM-1-positive staining RCC cells ranged from 10 to 100 %, and the staining intensity ranged from 1+ to 3+. In both groups, serum creatinine levels were both significantly elevated after nephrectomy. In the KIM-1-negative group, uKIM-1/uCr remained at a similar level before (0.37 ± 0.1 ng/mg Cr) and after nephrectomy (0.32 ± 0.01 ng/mg Cr). However, in the KIM-1-positive group, elevated uKIM-1/uCr at 1.20 ± 0.31 ng/mg Cr was significantly reduced to 0.36 ± 0.1 ng/mg Cr, which was similar to the pre-operative uKIM-1/uCr (0.37 ± 0.1 ng/mg Cr) in the KIM-1-negative group. CONCLUSION Our small but prospective study showed significant reduction in uKIM-1/uCr after nephrectomy in the KIM-1 positive group, suggesting that urine KIM-1 may serve as a surrogate biomarker for kidney cancer and a non-invasive pre-operative measure to evaluate the malignant potential of renal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping L Zhang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, William Beaumont Hospital, 3601 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, USA
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Seo MS, Park MY, Choi SJ, Jeon JS, Noh H, Kim JK, Han DC, Hwang SD, Jin SY, Kwon SH. Effect of treatment on urinary kidney injury molecule-1 in IgA nephropathy. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:139. [PMID: 23837450 PMCID: PMC3717021 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a biomarker useful for detecting early tubular damage and has been recently reported as a useful marker for evaluating kidney injury in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). We therefore investigated whether treatment decreases urinary KIM-1 excretion in IgAN. Methods We prospectively enrolled 37 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN. Urinary KIM-1 was assessed before and after treatment, which included low salt diet, blood pressure control, pharmacotherapy with angiotensin receptor blockers and/or angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, and immunosuppressive agents as necessary. The median treatment duration was 24 months. Results Urinary KIM-1/creatinine (Cr) was significantly decreased in patients with IgAN after treatment compared to baseline (P < 0.0001, 1.16 [0.51-1.83] vs 0.26 [0.12-0.65] ng/mg). There was a decrease in the amount of proteinuria after treatment, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.052, 748.1 [405-1569.7] vs 569.2 [252.2-1114] g/d). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) did not change with treatment (P = 0.599, 79.28 ± 30.56 vs 80.98 ± 32.37 ml/min/1.73 m2). Urinary KIM-1 was not correlated with proteinuria baseline or follow up (pre-: R = - 0.100, P = 0.577, post-: R = 0.001, P = 0.993). In patients with higher baseline urinary KIM-1, both urinary KIM-1 level and proteinuria were significantly decreased following treatment. Conclusions Treatment decreases urinary KIM-1/Cr in patients with IgAN. It also reduces proteinuria in patients with higher baseline urinary KIM-1. These results suggest a potential role for urinary KIM-1 as a biomarker for predicting treatment response in IgAN, however, further study is needed to verify this.
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Lim AI, Tang SCW, Lai KN, Leung JCK. Kidney injury molecule-1: more than just an injury marker of tubular epithelial cells? J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:917-24. [PMID: 23086807 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the original causes and etiology, the progression to renal function declines follows a final common pathway associated with tubulointerstitial injury, in which the proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) are instrumental. Kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) is an emerging biomarker, and its expression and release are induced in PTEC upon injury. KIM-1 plays the role as a double-edged sword and implicates in the process of kidney injury and healing. Expression of KIM-1 is also associated with tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. More importantly, KIM-1 expressing PTEC play the role as the residential phagocytes, contribute to the removal of apoptotic cells and facilitate the regeneration of injured tubules. The precise mechanism of KIM-1 and its sheded ectodomain on restoration of tubular integrity after injury is not fully understood. Other than PTEC, macrophages (Mø) also implicate in tubular repair. Understanding the crosstalk between Mø and the injured PTEC is essential for designing appropriate methods for controlling the sophisticated machinery in tubular regeneration and healing. This article will review the current findings of KIM-1, beginning with its basic structure, utility as a biomarker, and possible functions, with focus on the role of KIM-1 in regeneration and healing of injured PTEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ing Lim
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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