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Billing AM, Kim YC, Gullaksen S, Schrage B, Raabe J, Hutzfeldt A, Demir F, Kovalenko E, Lassé M, Dugourd A, Fallegger R, Klampe B, Jaegers J, Li Q, Kravtsova O, Crespo-Masip M, Palermo A, Fenton RA, Hoxha E, Blankenberg S, Kirchhof P, Huber TB, Laugesen E, Zeller T, Chrysopoulou M, Saez-Rodriguez J, Magnussen C, Eschenhagen T, Staruschenko A, Siuzdak G, Poulsen PL, Schwab C, Cuello F, Vallon V, Rinschen MM. Metabolic Communication by SGLT2 Inhibition. Circulation 2024; 149:860-884. [PMID: 38152989 PMCID: PMC10922673 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) can protect the kidneys and heart, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. METHODS To gain insights on primary effects of SGLT2i that are not confounded by pathophysiologic processes or are secondary to improvement by SGLT2i, we performed an in-depth proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and metabolomics analysis by integrating signatures from multiple metabolic organs and body fluids after 1 week of SGLT2i treatment of nondiabetic as well as diabetic mice with early and uncomplicated hyperglycemia. RESULTS Kidneys of nondiabetic mice reacted most strongly to SGLT2i in terms of proteomic reconfiguration, including evidence for less early proximal tubule glucotoxicity and a broad downregulation of the apical uptake transport machinery (including sodium, glucose, urate, purine bases, and amino acids), supported by mouse and human SGLT2 interactome studies. SGLT2i affected heart and liver signaling, but more reactive organs included the white adipose tissue, showing more lipolysis, and, particularly, the gut microbiome, with a lower relative abundance of bacteria taxa capable of fermenting phenylalanine and tryptophan to cardiovascular uremic toxins, resulting in lower plasma levels of these compounds (including p-cresol sulfate). SGLT2i was detectable in murine stool samples and its addition to human stool microbiota fermentation recapitulated some murine microbiome findings, suggesting direct inhibition of fermentation of aromatic amino acids and tryptophan. In mice lacking SGLT2 and in patients with decompensated heart failure or diabetes, the SGLT2i likewise reduced circulating p-cresol sulfate, and p-cresol impaired contractility and rhythm in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered heart tissue. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2i reduced microbiome formation of uremic toxins such as p-cresol sulfate and thereby their body exposure and need for renal detoxification, which, combined with direct kidney effects of SGLT2i, including less proximal tubule glucotoxicity and a broad downregulation of apical transporters (including sodium, amino acid, and urate uptake), provides a metabolic foundation for kidney and cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja M. Billing
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
| | - Søren Gullaksen
- Clinical Medicine (S.G., P.L.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.G., E.L.)
| | - Benedikt Schrage
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Janice Raabe
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Arvid Hutzfeldt
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Fatih Demir
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elina Kovalenko
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Moritz Lassé
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Aurelien Dugourd
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany (A.D., R.F., J.S.-R.)
| | - Robin Fallegger
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany (A.D., R.F., J.S.-R.)
| | - Birgit Klampe
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Johannes Jaegers
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Qing Li
- Engineering (Q.L., C.S.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Olha Kravtsova
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Maria Crespo-Masip
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
| | - Amelia Palermo
- Scripps Research, Center for Metabolomics, San Diego, CA (A.P., G.S., M.M.R.)
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (A.P.)
| | - Robert A. Fenton
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elion Hoxha
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.K.)
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
| | - Esben Laugesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (S.G., E.L.)
- Diagnostic Centre, Silkeborg Regional Hospital, Denmark (E.L.)
| | - Tanja Zeller
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Maria Chrysopoulou
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Heidelberg University, Faculty of Medicine, and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany (A.D., R.F., J.S.-R.)
| | - Christina Magnussen
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, Germany (B.S., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Alexander Staruschenko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa (O.K., A.S.)
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Scripps Research, Center for Metabolomics, San Diego, CA (A.P., G.S., M.M.R.)
| | - Per L. Poulsen
- Clinical Medicine (S.G., P.L.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center (P.L.P.), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Friederike Cuello
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (B.S., J.R., S.B., P.K., T.Z., C.M., T.E., F.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (J.R., B.K., T.E., F.C.)
| | - Volker Vallon
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, CA (Y.C.K., M.C.-M., V.V.)
| | - Markus M. Rinschen
- Departments of Biomedicine (A.M.B., F.D., E.K., J.J., R.A.F., M.C., M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (M.M.R.), Aarhus University, Denmark
- III Department of Medicine and Hamburg Center for Kidney Health, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (A.H., M.L., E.H., T.B.H., M.M.R.)
- Scripps Research, Center for Metabolomics, San Diego, CA (A.P., G.S., M.M.R.)
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2
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Clotet-Freixas S, Zaslaver O, Kotlyar M, Pastrello C, Quaile AT, McEvoy CM, Saha AD, Farkona S, Boshart A, Zorcic K, Neupane S, Manion K, Allen M, Chan M, Chen X, Arnold AP, Sekula P, Steinbrenner I, Köttgen A, Dart AB, Wicklow B, McGavock JM, Blydt-Hansen TD, Barrios C, Riera M, Soler MJ, Isenbrandt A, Lamontagne-Proulx J, Pradeloux S, Coulombe K, Soulet D, Rajasekar S, Zhang B, John R, Mehrotra A, Gehring A, Puhka M, Jurisica I, Woo M, Scholey JW, Röst H, Konvalinka A. Sex differences in kidney metabolism may reflect sex-dependent outcomes in human diabetic kidney disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eabm2090. [PMID: 38446901 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abm2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and progresses faster in males than in females. We identify sex-based differences in kidney metabolism and in the blood metabolome of male and female individuals with diabetes. Primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) from healthy males displayed increased mitochondrial respiration, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and greater injury when exposed to high glucose compared with PTECs from healthy females. Male human PTECs showed increased glucose and glutamine fluxes to the TCA cycle, whereas female human PTECs showed increased pyruvate content. The male human PTEC phenotype was enhanced by dihydrotestosterone and mediated by the transcription factor HNF4A and histone demethylase KDM6A. In mice where sex chromosomes either matched or did not match gonadal sex, male gonadal sex contributed to the kidney metabolism differences between males and females. A blood metabolomics analysis in a cohort of adolescents with or without diabetes showed increased TCA cycle metabolites in males. In a second cohort of adults with diabetes, females without DKD had higher serum pyruvate concentrations than did males with or without DKD. Serum pyruvate concentrations positively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate, a measure of kidney function, and negatively correlated with all-cause mortality in this cohort. In a third cohort of adults with CKD, male sex and diabetes were associated with increased plasma TCA cycle metabolites, which correlated with all-cause mortality. These findings suggest that differences in male and female kidney metabolism may contribute to sex-dependent outcomes in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Olga Zaslaver
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Max Kotlyar
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Andrew T Quaile
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Caitriona M McEvoy
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin D24, Ireland
- Trinity Kidney Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D8, Ireland
| | - Aninda D Saha
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sofia Farkona
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Alex Boshart
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Katarina Zorcic
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Slaghaniya Neupane
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Kieran Manion
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Maya Allen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Michael Chan
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Xuqi Chen
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peggy Sekula
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Inga Steinbrenner
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Anna Köttgen
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79085, Germany
| | - Allison B Dart
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba Research Team, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Brandy Wicklow
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba Research Team, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Jon M McGavock
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3A 1S1, Canada
- Diabetes Research Envisioned and Accomplished in Manitoba Research Team, Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Tom D Blydt-Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 0B3, Canada
| | - Clara Barrios
- Kidney Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marta Riera
- Kidney Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, IMIM, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - María José Soler
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Division of Nephrology Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Amandine Isenbrandt
- Neurosciences Axis, CHU de Quebec Research Center - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jérôme Lamontagne-Proulx
- Neurosciences Axis, CHU de Quebec Research Center - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Solène Pradeloux
- Neurosciences Axis, CHU de Quebec Research Center - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Katherine Coulombe
- Neurosciences Axis, CHU de Quebec Research Center - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Denis Soulet
- Neurosciences Axis, CHU de Quebec Research Center - Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Shravanthi Rajasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aman Mehrotra
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Adam Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maija Puhka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X3, Canada
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 845 10, Slovakia
| | - Minna Woo
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - James W Scholey
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Hannes Röst
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
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3
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Kanoo S, Goodluck H, Kim YC, Garrido AN, Crespo-Masip M, Lopez N, Zhang H, Gonzalez-Villalobos RA, Ma LJ, Vallon V. Deletion, but not heterozygosity, of eNOS raises blood pressure and aggravates nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice. Nephron Clin Pract 2024:000536522. [PMID: 38301618 PMCID: PMC11291698 DOI: 10.1159/000536522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ob/ob mice are a leptin-deficient type 2 diabetes mellitus model, which, on a BTBR background, mimics glomerular pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Since leptin deficiency reduces blood pressure (BP), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) lowers BP and is kidney protective, we attempted to develop a more robust DN model by introducing eNOS deficiency in BTBR ob/ob mice. METHODS Six experimental groups included littermate male and female BTBR ob/ob or wild-type for ob (control) as well as wild-type (WT), heterozygote (HET) or knockout (KO) for eNOS. Systolic BP (by automated tail-cuff) and GFR (by FITC sinistrin plasma kinetics) were determined in awake mice at 27-30 weeks of age followed by molecular and histological kidney analyses. RESULTS Male and female ob/ob WT presented hyperglycemia and larger body and kidney weight, GFR, glomerular injury, and urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) despite modestly lower BP vs control WT. These effects were associated with higher tubular injury score and renal mRNA expression of NGAL only in males, whereas female ob/ob WT unexpectedly had lower KIM-1 and COL1A1 expression vs control WT, indicating sex differences. HET for eNOS did not consistently alter BP or renal outcome in control or ob/ob. In comparison, eNOS KO increased BP (15-25 mmHg) and worsened renal markers of injury, inflammation and fibrosis, GFR, UACR, and survival rates, as observed in control and, more pronounced, in ob/ob mice and independent of sex. CONCLUSIONS Deletion, but not heterozygosity, of eNOS raises blood pressure and aggravates nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadhana Kanoo
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Helen Goodluck
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Aleix Navarro Garrido
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Maria Crespo-Masip
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Natalia Lopez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Li-Jun Ma
- CVMR&PH Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, LLC. Cambridge, MA and Spring House, PA
| | - Volker Vallon
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA & VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA
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4
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Tserga A, Saulnier-Blache JS, Palamaris K, Pouloudi D, Gakiopoulou H, Zoidakis J, Schanstra JP, Vlahou A, Makridakis M. Complement Cascade Proteins Correlate with Fibrosis and Inflammation in Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetic Kidney Disease in the Ins2Akita Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1387. [PMID: 38338666 PMCID: PMC10855735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is characterized by histological changes including fibrosis and inflammation. Evidence supports that DKD is mediated by the innate immune system and more specifically by the complement system. Using Ins2Akita T1D diabetic mice, we studied the connection between the complement cascade, inflammation, and fibrosis in early DKD. Data were extracted from a previously published quantitative-mass-spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of kidney glomeruli of 2 (early DKD) and 4 months (moderately advanced DKD)-old Ins2Akita mice and their controls A Spearman rho correlation analysis of complement- versus inflammation- and fibrosis-related protein expression was performed. A cross-omics validation of the correlation analyses' results was performed using public-domain transcriptomics datasets (Nephroseq). Tissue sections from 43 patients with DKD were analyzed using immunofluorescence. Among the differentially expressed proteins, the complement cascade proteins C3, C4B, and IGHM were significantly increased in both early and later stages of DKD. Inflammation-related proteins were mainly upregulated in early DKD, and fibrotic proteins were induced in moderately advanced stages of DKD. The abundance of complement proteins with fibrosis- and inflammation-related proteins was mostly positively correlated in early stages of DKD. This was confirmed in seven additional human and mouse transcriptomics DKD datasets. Moreover, C3 and IGHM mRNA levels were found to be negatively correlated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (range for C3 rs = -0.58 to -0.842 and range for IGHM rs = -0.6 to -0.74) in these datasets. Immunohistology of human kidney biopsies revealed that C3, C1q, and IGM proteins were induced in patients with DKD and were correlated with fibrosis and inflammation. Our study shows for the first time the potential activation of the complement cascade associated with inflammation-mediated kidney fibrosis in the Ins2Akita T1D mouse model. Our findings could provide new perspectives for the treatment of early DKD as well as support the use of Ins2Akita T1D in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aggeliki Tserga
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Jean Sébastien Saulnier-Blache
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France; (J.S.S.-B.); (J.P.S.)
- Department of Biology, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kostantinos Palamaris
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (D.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Despoina Pouloudi
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (D.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Harikleia Gakiopoulou
- 1st Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 34400 Athens, Greece; (K.P.); (D.P.); (H.G.)
| | - Jerome Zoidakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15701 Zografou, Greece
| | - Joost Peter Schanstra
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR1297, Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 31432 Toulouse, France; (J.S.S.-B.); (J.P.S.)
- Department of Biology, Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Department of Biotechnology, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.T.); (J.Z.); (A.V.)
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5
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Azushima K, Kovalik JP, Yamaji T, Ching J, Chng TW, Guo J, Liu JJ, Nguyen M, Sakban RB, George SE, Tan PH, Lim SC, Gurley SB, Coffman TM. Abnormal lactate metabolism is linked to albuminuria and kidney injury in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2023; 104:1135-1149. [PMID: 37843477 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by abnormal kidney energy metabolism, but its causes and contributions to DN pathogenesis are not clear. To examine this issue, we carried out targeted metabolomics profiling in a mouse model of DN that develops kidney disease resembling the human disorder. We found a distinct profile of increased lactate levels and impaired energy metabolism in kidneys of mice with DN, and treatment with an angiotensin-receptor blocker (ARB) reduced albuminuria, attenuated kidney pathology and corrected many metabolic abnormalities, restoring levels of lactate toward normal while increasing kidney ATP content. We also found enhanced expression of lactate dehydrogenase isoforms in DN. Expression of both the LdhA and LdhB isoforms were significantly increased in kidneys of mice, and treatment with ARB significantly reduced their expression. Single-cell sequencing studies showed specific up-regulation of LdhA in the proximal tubule, along with enhanced expression of oxidative stress pathways. There was a significant correlation between albuminuria and lactate in mice, and also in a Southeast Asian patient cohort consisting of individuals with type 2 diabetes and impaired kidney function. In the individuals with diabetes, this association was independent of ARB and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use. Furthermore, urinary lactate levels predicted the clinical outcomes of doubling of serum creatinine or development of kidney failure, and there was a significant correlation between urinary lactate levels and biomarkers of tubular injury and epithelial stress. Thus, we suggest that kidney metabolic disruptions leading to enhanced generation of lactate contribute to the pathogenesis of DN and increased urinary lactate levels may be a potential biomarker for risk of kidney disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Azushima
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Takahiro Yamaji
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jianhong Ching
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Tze Wei Chng
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Jing Guo
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Jun Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mien Nguyen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rashidah Binte Sakban
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Simi E George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Su Chi Lim
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Diabetes Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Singapore; Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Signature Research Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
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6
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Liu C, Yalavarthi S, Tambralli A, Zeng L, Rysenga CE, Alizadeh N, Hudgins L, Liang W, NaveenKumar SK, Shi H, Shelef MA, Atkins KB, Pennathur S, Knight JS. Inhibition of neutrophil extracellular trap formation alleviates vascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1019. [PMID: 37878711 PMCID: PMC10599623 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
While neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have previously been linked to some diabetes-associated complications, such as dysfunctional wound healing, their potential role in diabetic vascular dysfunction has not been studied. Diabetic Akita mice were crossed with either Elane-/- or Pad4-/- mice to generate NET-deficient diabetic mice. By 24 weeks of age, Akita aortae showed markedly impaired relaxation in response to acetylcholine, indicative of vascular dysfunction. Both Akita-Elane-/- mice and Akita-Pad4-/- mice had reduced levels of circulating NETs and improved acetylcholine-mediated aortic relaxation. Compared with wild-type aortae, the thromboxane metabolite TXB2 was roughly 10-fold higher in both intact and endothelium-denuded aortae of Akita mice. In contrast, Akita-Elane-/- and Akita-Pad4-/- aortae had TXB2 levels similar to wild type. In summary, inhibition of NETosis by two independent strategies prevented the development of vascular dysfunction in diabetic Akita mice. Thromboxane was up-regulated in the vessel walls of NETosis-competent diabetic mice, suggesting a role for neutrophils in driving the production of this vasoconstrictive and atherogenic prostanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Yalavarthi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ajay Tambralli
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine E. Rysenga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nikoo Alizadeh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lucas Hudgins
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hui Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miriam A. Shelef
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin B. Atkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jason S. Knight
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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7
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Liang J, Liu Y. Animal Models of Kidney Disease: Challenges and Perspectives. KIDNEY360 2023; 4:1479-1493. [PMID: 37526653 PMCID: PMC10617803 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Kidney disease is highly prevalent and affects approximately 850 million people worldwide. It is also associated with high morbidity and mortality, and current therapies are incurable and often ineffective. Animal models are indispensable for understanding the pathophysiology of various kidney diseases and for preclinically testing novel remedies. In the last two decades, rodents continue to be the most used models for imitating human kidney diseases, largely because of the increasing availability of many unique genetically modified mice. Despite many limitations and pitfalls, animal models play an essential and irreplaceable role in gaining novel insights into the mechanisms, pathologies, and therapeutic targets of kidney disease. In this review, we highlight commonly used animal models of kidney diseases by focusing on experimental AKI, CKD, and diabetic kidney disease. We briefly summarize the pathological characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of some widely used models. Emerging animal models such as mini pig, salamander, zebrafish, and drosophila, as well as human-derived kidney organoids and kidney-on-a-chip are also discussed. Undoubtedly, careful selection and utilization of appropriate animal models is of vital importance in deciphering the mechanisms underlying nephropathies and evaluating the efficacy of new treatment options. Such studies will provide a solid foundation for future diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of human kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Elzinga SE, Eid SA, McGregor BA, Jang DG, Hinder LM, Dauch JR, Hayes JM, Zhang H, Guo K, Pennathur S, Kretzler M, Brosius FC, Koubek EJ, Feldman EL, Hur J. Transcriptomic analysis of diabetic kidney disease and neuropathy in mouse models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050080. [PMID: 37791586 PMCID: PMC10565109 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) are common complications of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of these complications are unclear. In this study, we optimized a streptozotocin-induced db/+ murine model of T1D and compared it to our established db/db T2D mouse model of the same C57BLKS/J background. Glomeruli and sciatic nerve transcriptomic data from T1D and T2D mice were analyzed by self-organizing map and differential gene expression analysis. Consistent with prior literature, pathways related to immune function and inflammation were dysregulated in both complications in T1D and T2D mice. Gene-level analysis identified a high degree of concordance in shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in both complications and across diabetes type when using mice from the same cohort and genetic background. As we have previously shown a low concordance of shared DEGs in DPN when using mice from different cohorts and genetic backgrounds, this suggests that genetic background may influence diabetic complications. Collectively, these findings support the role of inflammation and indicate that genetic background is important in complications of both T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brett A. McGregor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Dae-Gyu Jang
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lucy M. Hinder
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - John M. Hayes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Frank C. Brosius
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
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9
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Yagihashi S. Contribution of animal models to diabetes research: Its history, significance, and translation to humans. J Diabetes Investig 2023; 14:1015-1037. [PMID: 37401013 PMCID: PMC10445217 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is still expanding globally and is epidemic in developing countries. The combat of this plague has caused enormous economic and social burdens related to a lowered quality of life in people with diabetes. Despite recent significant improvements of life expectancy in patients with diabetes, there is still a need for efforts to elucidate the complexities and mechanisms of the disease processes to overcome this difficult disorder. To this end, the use of appropriate animal models in diabetes studies is invaluable for translation to humans and for the development of effective treatment. In this review, a variety of animal models of diabetes with spontaneous onset in particular will be introduced and discussed for their implication in diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroku Yagihashi
- Department of Exploratory Medicine for Nature, Life and HumansToho University School of MedicineChibaJapan
- Department of PathologyHirosaki University Graduate School of MedicineHirosakiJapan
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10
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Talukdar A, Basumatary M. Rodent models to study type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced human diabetic nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:7759-7782. [PMID: 37458869 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an outcome of prolonged diabetes, has affected millions of people worldwide and every year the incidence and prevalence increase substantially. The symptoms may start with mild manifestations of the disease such as increased albuminuria, serum creatinine levels, thickening of glomerular basement membrane, expansion of mesangial matrix to severe pathological symptoms such as glomerular lesions and tubulointerstitial fibrosis which may further proceed to cardiovascular dysfunction or end-stage renal disease. PERSPECTIVE Numerous therapeutic interventions are being explored for the management of DN, however, these interventions do not completely halt the progression of this disease and hence animal models are being explored to identify critical genetic and molecular parameters which could help in tackling the disease. Rodent models which mostly include mice and rats are commonly used experimental animals which provide a wide range of advantages in understanding the onset and progression of disease in humans and also their response to a wide range of interventions helps in the development of effective therapeutics. Rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes induced DN have been developed utilizing different platforms and interventions during the last few decades some of which mimic various stages of diabetes ranging from early to later stages. However, a rodent model which replicates all the features of human DN is still lacking. This review tries to evaluate the rodent models that are currently available and understand their features and limitations which may help in further development of more robust models of human DN. CONCLUSION Using these rodent models can help to understand different aspects of human DN although further research is required to develop more robust models utilizing diverse genetic platforms which may, in turn, assist in developing effective interventions to target the disease at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Talukdar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India.
| | - Mandira Basumatary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, School of Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, 784028, India
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11
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Luo W, Tang S, Xiao X, Luo S, Yang Z, Huang W, Tang S. Translation Animal Models of Diabetic Kidney Disease: Biochemical and Histological Phenotypes, Advantages and Limitations. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:1297-1321. [PMID: 37179788 PMCID: PMC10168199 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s408170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models play a crucial role in studying the pathogenesis of diseases, developing new drugs, identifying disease risk markers, and improving means of prevention and treatment. However, modeling diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has posed a challenge for scientists. Although numerous models have been successfully developed, none of them can encompass all the key characteristics of human DKD. It is essential to choose the appropriate model according to the research needs, as different models develop different phenotypes and have their limitations. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of biochemical and histological phenotypes, modeling mechanisms, advantages and limitations of DKD animal models, in order to update relevant model information and provide insights and references for generating or selecting the appropriate animal models to fit different experimental needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiyun Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Simin Luo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Songqi Tang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Tao Y, Young‐Stubbs C, Yazdizadeh Shotorbani P, Su D, Mathis KW, Ma R. Sex and strain differences in renal hemodynamics in mice. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15644. [PMID: 36946063 PMCID: PMC10031302 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was to examine sex and strain differences in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) in C57BL6, 129/Sv, and C57BLKS/J mice, three commonly used mouse strains in renal research. GFR was measured by transdermal measurement of FITC-sinitrin clearance in conscious mice. RBF was measured by a flow probe placed in the renal artery under an anesthetic state. In C57BL6 mice, there were no sex differences in both GFR and RBF. In 129/Sv mice, females had significantly greater GFR than males at age of 24 weeks, but not at 8 weeks. However, males had higher RBF and lower renal vascular resistance (RVR). Similar to 129/Sv, female C57BLKS/J had significantly greater GFR at both 8 and 24 weeks, lower RBF, and higher RVR than males. Across strains, male 129/Sv had lower GFR and higher RBF than male C57BL6, but no significant difference in GFR and greater RBF than male C57BLKS/J. No significant difference in GFR or RBF was observed between C57BL6 and C57BLKS/J mice. Deletion of eNOS in C57BLKS/J mice reduced GFR in both sexes, but decreased RBF in males. Furthermore, there were no sex differences in the severity of renal injury in eNOS-/- dbdb mice. Taken together, our study suggests that sex differences in renal hemodynamics in mice are strain and age dependent. eNOS was not involved in the sex differences in GFR, but in RBF. Furthermore, the sexual dimorphism did not impact the severity of renal injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tao
- Department of Physiology and AnatomyUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Cassandra Young‐Stubbs
- Department of Physiology and AnatomyUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | | | - Dong‐Ming Su
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and GeneticsUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Keisa W. Mathis
- Department of Physiology and AnatomyUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Physiology and AnatomyUniversity of North Texas Health Science CenterFort WorthTexasUSA
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13
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Oshima Y, Wakino S, Kanda T, Tajima T, Itoh T, Uchiyama K, Yoshimoto K, Sasabe J, Yasui M, Itoh H. Sodium benzoate attenuates 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephropathy by inhibiting monocyte/macrophage TNF-α expression. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3331. [PMID: 36849798 PMCID: PMC9971245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium benzoate (SB), a known D-amino acid oxidase (DAO) enzyme inhibitor, has an anti-inflammatory effect, although its role in renal damage has not been explored. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal induced chronic kidney disease, in which TNF-α is involved in the pathogenesis, was established by oral adenine administration in C57BL/6JJcl mice (AdCKD) with or without SB to investigate its renal protective effects. SB significantly attenuated AdCKD by decreasing serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, and kidney interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy scores. The survival of AdCKD mice improved 2.6-fold by SB administration. SB significantly decreased the number of infiltrating macrophages observed in the positive F4/80 immunohistochemistry area and reduced the expression of macrophage markers and inflammatory genes, including TNF-α, in the kidneys of AdCKD. Human THP-1 cells stimulated with either lipopolysaccharide or TNF-α showed increased expression of inflammatory genes, although this was significantly reduced by SB, confirming the anti-inflammatory effects of SB. SB exhibited renal protective effects in AdCKD in DAO enzyme deficient mice, suggesting that anti-inflammatory effect of SB was independent of DAO enzyme activity. Moreover, binding to motif DNA sequence, protein level, and mRNA level of NF-κB RelB were significantly inhibited by SB in AdCKD kidneys and lipopolysaccharide treated THP-1 cells, respectively. We report that anti-inflammatory property of SB is independent of DAO enzymatic activity and is associated with down regulated NF-κB RelB as well as its downstream inflammatory genes such as TNF-α in AdCKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Oshima
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Nephrology, Tokushima University School of Medicine, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kanda
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaya Tajima
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Itoh
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Uchiyama
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Yoshimoto
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Sasabe
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Yasui
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pharmacology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Hagmann H, Khayyat NH, Matin M, Oezel C, Chen H, Schauss A, Schell C, Benzing T, Dryer S, Brinkkoetter PT. Capsazepine (CPZ) Inhibits TRPC6 Conductance and Is Protective in Adriamycin-Induced Nephropathy and Diabetic Glomerulopathy. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020271. [PMID: 36672207 PMCID: PMC9856956 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which excessively arise in diabetes and systemic inflammatory diseases, modify cellular lipids and cellular lipid composition leading to altered biophysical properties of cellular membranes. The impact of lipid peroxidation on transmembrane signaling routes is not yet well studied. The canonical transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several forms of glomerular diseases. TRPC6 is sensitive to membrane stretch and relies on a distinct lipid environment. This study investigates the effect of oxidative alterations to plasma membrane lipids on TRPC6 activity and the function of the glomerular filter. Knockout of the anti-oxidative, lipid modifying enzyme paraoxonase 2 (PON2) leads to altered biophysical properties of glomerular epithelial cells, which are called podocytes. Cortical stiffness, quantified by atomic force microscopy, was largely increased in PON2-deficient cultured podocytes. PON2 deficiency markedly enhanced TRPC6 channel currents and channel recovery. Treatment with the amphiphilic substance capsazepine in micromolar doses reduced cortical stiffness and abrogated TRPC6 conductance. In in vivo studies, capsazepine reduced the glomerular phenotype in the model of adriamycin-induced nephropathy in PON2 knockout mice and wildtype littermates. In diabetic AKITA mice, the progression of albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease was delayed. In summary, we provide evidence that the modification of membrane characteristics affects TRPC6 signaling. These results could spur future research to investigate modification of the direct lipid environment of TRPC6 as a future therapeutic strategy in glomerular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Hagmann
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Mahsa Matin
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Oezel
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - He Chen
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne (Sybacol), 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stuart Dryer
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Paul T. Brinkkoetter
- Department II of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Hughes FM, Odom MR, Cervantes A, Purves J. Inflammation triggered by the NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical driver of diabetic bladder dysfunction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920487. [PMID: 36505062 PMCID: PMC9733912 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a rapidly expanding epidemic projected to affect as many as 1 in 3 Americans by 2050. This disease is characterized by devastating complications brought about high glucose and metabolic derangement. The most common of these complications is diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) and estimates suggest that 50-80% of patients experience this disorder. Unfortunately, the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study suggests that strict glucose control does not decrease ones risk for incontinence, although it does decrease the risk of other complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy. Thus, there is a significant unmet need to better understand DBD in order to develop targeted therapies to alleviate patient suffering. Recently, the research community has come to understand that diabetes produces a systemic state of low-level inflammation known as meta-inflammation and attention has focused on a role for the sterile inflammation-inducing structure known as the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we will examine the evidence that NLRP3 plays a central role in inducing DBD and driving its progression towards an underactive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M. Hughes
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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16
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Liu Y, Uruno A, Saito R, Matsukawa N, Hishinuma E, Saigusa D, Liu H, Yamamoto M. Nrf2 deficiency deteriorates diabetic kidney disease in Akita model mice. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102525. [PMID: 36335764 PMCID: PMC9641024 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an essential component in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) plays critical roles in protecting the body against oxidative stress. To clarify the roles of Nrf2 in protecting against DKD, in this study we prepared compound mutant mice with diabetes and loss of antioxidative defense. Specifically, we prepared compound Ins2Akita/+ (Akita) and Nrf2 knockout (Akita::Nrf2-/-) or Akita and Nrf2 induction (Akita::Keap1FA/FA) mutant mice. Eighteen-week-old Akita::Nrf2-/- mice showed more severe diabetic symptoms than Akita mice. In the Akita::Nrf2-/- mouse kidneys, the glomeruli showed distended capillary loops, suggesting enhanced mesangiolysis. Distal tubules showed dilation and an increase in 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine-positive staining. In the Akita::Nrf2-/- mouse kidneys, the expression of glutathione (GSH) synthesis-related genes was decreased, and the actual GSH level was decreased in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging analysis. Akita::Nrf2-/- mice exhibited severe inflammation and enhancement of infiltrated macrophages in the kidney. To further examine the progression of DKD, we compared forty-week-old Akita mouse kidney compounds with Nrf2-knockout or Nrf2 mildly induced (Akita::Keap1FA/FA) mice. Nrf2-knockout Akita (Akita::Nrf2-/-) mice displayed severe medullary cast formation, but the formation was ameliorated in Akita::Keap1FA/FA mice. Moreover, in Akita::Keap1FA/FA mice, tubule injury and inflammation-related gene expression were significantly suppressed, which was evident in Akita::Nrf2-/- mouse kidneys. These results demonstrate that Nrf2 contributes to the protection of the kidneys against DKD by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexin Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan.
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naomi Matsukawa
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Laboratory of Biomedical and Analytical Sciences, Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Blood Purification Center of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan,Corresponding author. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 9808575, Japan.
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17
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Gisterå A, Ketelhuth DFJ, Malin SG, Hansson GK. Animal Models of Atherosclerosis-Supportive Notes and Tricks of the Trade. Circ Res 2022; 130:1869-1887. [PMID: 35679358 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a major cause of death among humans. Animal models have shown that cholesterol and inflammation are causatively involved in the disease process. Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins elicit immune reactions and instigate inflammation in the vessel wall. Still, a treatment that is specific to vascular inflammation is lacking, which motivates continued in vivo investigations of the immune-vascular interactions that drive the disease. In this review, we distill old notions with emerging concepts into a contemporary understanding of vascular disease models. Pros and cons of different models are listed and the complex integrative interplay between cholesterol homeostasis, immune activation, and adaptations of the vascular system is discussed. Key limitations with atherosclerosis models are highlighted, and we suggest improvements that could accelerate progress in the field. However, excessively rigid experimental guidelines or limiting usage to certain animal models can be counterproductive. Continued work in improved models, as well as the development of new models, should be of great value in research and could aid the development of cardiovascular disease diagnostics and therapeutics of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gisterå
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G., D.F.J.K., S.G.M., G.K.H.)
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G., D.F.J.K., S.G.M., G.K.H.).,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Odense, Denmark (D.F.J.K)
| | - Stephen G Malin
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G., D.F.J.K., S.G.M., G.K.H.)
| | - Göran K Hansson
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G., D.F.J.K., S.G.M., G.K.H.)
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18
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Heather LC, Hafstad AD, Halade GV, Harmancey R, Mellor KM, Mishra PK, Mulvihill EE, Nabben M, Nakamura M, Rider OJ, Ruiz M, Wende AR, Ussher JR. Guidelines on Models of Diabetic Heart Disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 323:H176-H200. [PMID: 35657616 PMCID: PMC9273269 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00058.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. As cardiovascular disease represents the number one cause of death in people with diabetes, there has been a major emphasis on understanding the mechanisms by which diabetes promotes cardiovascular disease, and how antidiabetic therapies impact diabetic heart disease. With a wide array of models to study diabetes (both type 1 and type 2), the field has made major progress in answering these questions. However, each model has its own inherent limitations. Therefore, the purpose of this guidelines document is to provide the field with information on which aspects of cardiovascular disease in the human diabetic population are most accurately reproduced by the available models. This review aims to emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and to highlight the practical challenges and technical considerations involved. We will review the preclinical animal models of diabetes (based on their method of induction), appraise models of diabetes-related atherosclerosis and heart failure, and discuss in vitro models of diabetic heart disease. These guidelines will allow researchers to select the appropriate model of diabetic heart disease, depending on the specific research question being addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anne D Hafstad
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Tampa, Florida, United States
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Paras K Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Erin E Mulvihill
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Departments of Genetics and Cell Biology, and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School of Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Oliver J Rider
- University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Ruiz
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Adam R Wende
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John R Ussher
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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19
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Limonte CP, Valo E, Drel V, Natarajan L, Darshi M, Forsblom C, Henderson CM, Hoofnagle AN, Ju W, Kretzler M, Montemayor D, Nair V, Nelson RG, O’Toole JF, Toto RD, Rosas SE, Ruzinski J, Sandholm N, Schmidt IM, Vaisar T, Waikar SS, Zhang J, Rossing P, Ahluwalia TS, Groop PH, Pennathur S, Snell-Bergeon JK, Costacou T, Orchard TJ, Sharma K, de Boer IH. Urinary Proteomics Identifies Cathepsin D as a Biomarker of Rapid eGFR Decline in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:1416-1427. [PMID: 35377940 PMCID: PMC9210873 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding mechanisms underlying rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline is important to predict and treat kidney disease in type 1 diabetes (T1D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a case-control study nested within four T1D cohorts to identify urinary proteins associated with rapid eGFR decline. Case and control subjects were categorized based on eGFR decline ≥3 and <1 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively. We used targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to measure 38 peptides from 20 proteins implicated in diabetic kidney disease. Significant proteins were investigated in complementary human cohorts and in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures. RESULTS The cohort study included 1,270 participants followed a median 8 years. In the discovery set, only cathepsin D peptide and protein were significant on full adjustment for clinical and laboratory variables. In the validation set, associations of cathepsin D with eGFR decline were replicated in minimally adjusted models but lost significance with adjustment for albuminuria. In a meta-analysis with combination of discovery and validation sets, the odds ratio for the association of cathepsin D with rapid eGFR decline was 1.29 per SD (95% CI 1.07-1.55). In complementary human cohorts, urine cathepsin D was associated with tubulointerstitial injury and tubulointerstitial cathepsin D expression was associated with increased cortical interstitial fractional volume. In mouse proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures, advanced glycation end product-BSA increased cathepsin D activity and inflammatory and tubular injury markers, which were further increased with cathepsin D siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Urine cathepsin D is associated with rapid eGFR decline in T1D and reflects kidney tubulointerstitial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine P. Limonte
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Erkka Valo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Viktor Drel
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Manjula Darshi
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clark M. Henderson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew N. Hoofnagle
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wenjun Ju
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Daniel Montemayor
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Viji Nair
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert G. Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
| | - John F. O’Toole
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert D. Toto
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | | | - John Ruzinski
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Insa M. Schmidt
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Tomas Vaisar
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sushrut S. Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health and Moores Cancer Center at UC San Diego Health, La Jolla, CA
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Janet K. Snell-Bergeon
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Kumar Sharma
- Division of Nephrology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
- Center for Renal Precision Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Ian H. de Boer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Kidney Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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20
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Ngoc CTB, Dung VC, De Franco E, Lan NN, Thao BP, Khanh NN, Flanagan SE, Craig ME, Hoang NH, Dien TM. Genetic Etiology of Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnamese Infants and Characteristics of Those With INS Gene Mutations. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866573. [PMID: 35518939 PMCID: PMC9063464 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare (1:90,000 newborns) but potentially devastating metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia combined with low levels of insulin. Dominantly-acting insulin (INS) gene mutations cause permanent NDM through single amino acid changes in the protein sequence leading to protein misfolding, which is retained within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress and β-cell apoptosis. Over 90 dominantly-acting INS gene mutations have been identified in individuals with permanent NDM. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study included 70 infants diagnosed with NDM in the first year of life between May 2008 and May 2021 at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital. Sequencing analysis of all the genes known to cause NDM was performed at the Exeter Genomic Laboratory, UK. Clinical characteristics, molecular genetics, and annual data relating to glycemic control (HbA1c) and severe hypoglycemia of those with INS mutations were collected. The main outcomes of interest were HbA1c, daily insulin dose, growth, and cognitive/motor development. RESULTS Fifty-five of 70 infants (78.5%) with NDM harbored a mutation in a known disease-causing gene and of these, 10 had six different de novo heterozygous INS mutations. Mean gestational age was 38.1 ± 2.5 weeks and mean birth weight was 2.8 ± 0.5 g. They presented with NDM at 20 ± 17 weeks of age; 6/10 had diabetic ketoacidosis with pH 7.13 ± 0.26; plasma glucose level 32.6 ± 14.3 mmol/l and HbA1C 81 ± 15% mmol/mol. After 5.5 ± 4.8 years of insulin treatment, 9/10 have normal development with a developmental quotient of 80-100% and HbA1C 64 ± 7.3 mmol/mol, 9/10 have normal height, weight, and BMI on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We report a series of Vietnamese NDM cases with dominant INS mutations. INS mutations are the third commonest cause of permanent NDM. We recommend screening of the INS gene in all children diagnosed with diabetes in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Thi Bich Ngoc
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Pediatric Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Chi Dung
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Lan
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bui Phuong Thao
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Khanh
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sarah E. Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E. Craig
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead/Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Medicine and Health, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nguyen Huy Hoang
- Institute of Genome Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Minh Dien
- The Center of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Genetics, and Molecular Therapy, Vietnam National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
- *Correspondence: Tran Minh Dien,
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21
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Diabetic mice have retinal and choroidal blood flow deficits and electroretinogram deficits with impaired responses to hypercapnia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259505. [PMID: 34882677 PMCID: PMC8659412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate neuronal and vascular functional deficits in the retina and their association in a diabetic mouse model. We measured electroretinography (ERG) responses and choroidal and retinal blood flow (ChBF, RBF) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy and diabetic mice under basal conditions and under hypercapnic challenge. Methods Ins2Akita diabetic (Diab, n = 8) and age-matched, wild-type C57BL/6J mice (Ctrl, n = 8) were studied under room air and moderate hypercapnia (5% CO2). Dark-adapted ERG a-wave, b-wave, and oscillatory potentials (OPs) were measured for a series of flashes. Regional ChBF and RBF under air and hypercapnia were measured using MRI in the same mice. Results Under room air, Diab mice had compromised ERG b-wave and OPs (e.g., b-wave amplitude was 422.2±10.7 μV in Diab vs. 600.1±13.9 μV in Ctrl, p < 0.001). Under hypercapnia, OPs and b-wave amplitudes were significantly reduced in Diab (OPs by 30.3±3.0% in Diab vs. -3.0±3.6% in Ctrl, b-wave by 17.9±1.4% in Diab vs. 1.3±0.5% in Ctrl). Both ChBF and RBF had significant differences in regional blood flow, with Diab mice having substantially lower blood flow in the nasal region (ChBF was 5.4±1.0 ml/g/min in Diab vs. 8.6±1.0 ml/g/min in Ctrl, RBF was 0.91±0.10 ml/g/min in Diab vs. 1.52±0.24 ml/g/min in Ctrl). Under hypercapnia, ChBF increased in both Ctrl and Diab without significant group difference (31±7% in Diab vs. 17±7% in Ctrl, p > 0.05), but an increase in RBF was not detected for either group. Conclusions Inner retinal neuronal function and both retinal and choroidal blood flow were impaired in Diab mice. Hypercapnia further compromised inner retinal neuronal function in diabetes, while the blood flow response was not affected, suggesting that the diabetic retina has difficulty adapting to metabolic challenges due to factors other than impaired blood flow regulation.
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22
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Miyata KN, Lo CS, Zhao S, Zhao XP, Chenier I, Yamashita M, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Deletion of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F in renal tubules downregulates SGLT2 expression and attenuates hyperfiltration and kidney injury in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2589-2601. [PMID: 34370045 PMCID: PMC8992778 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We previously reported that renal tubule-specific deletion of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein F (Hnrnpf) results in upregulation of renal angiotensinogen (Agt) and downregulation of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (Sglt2) in HnrnpfRT knockout (KO) mice. Non-diabetic HnrnpfRT KO mice develop hypertension, renal interstitial fibrosis and glycosuria with no renoprotective effect from downregulated Sglt2 expression. Here, we investigated the effect of renal tubular Hnrnpf deletion on hyperfiltration and kidney injury in Akita mice, a model of type 1 diabetes. METHODS Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice were generated through crossbreeding tubule-specific (Pax8)-Cre mice with Akita floxed-Hnrnpf mice on a C57BL/6 background. Male non-diabetic control (Ctrl), Akita, and Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice were studied up to the age of 24 weeks (n = 8/group). RESULTS Akita mice exhibited elevated systolic blood pressure as compared with Ctrl mice, which was significantly higher in Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice than Akita mice. Compared with Akita mice, Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice had lower blood glucose levels with increased urinary glucose excretion. Akita mice developed kidney hypertrophy, glomerular hyperfiltration (increased glomerular filtration rate), glomerulomegaly, mesangial expansion, podocyte foot process effacement, thickened glomerular basement membranes, renal interstitial fibrosis and increased albuminuria. These abnormalities were attenuated in Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice. Treatment of Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice with a selective A1 adenosine receptor inhibitor resulted in an increase in glomerular filtration rate. Renal Agt expression was elevated in Akita mice and further increased in Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice. In contrast, Sglt2 expression was increased in Akita and decreased in Akita HnrnpfRT KO mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The renoprotective effect of Sglt2 downregulation overcomes the renal injurious effect of Agt when these opposing factors coexist under diabetic conditions, at least partly via the activation of tubuloglomerular feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana N Miyata
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Xin-Ping Zhao
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janos G Filep
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche de l'Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | - John S D Chan
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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23
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Sparks MA, Dilmen E, Ralph DL, Rianto F, Hoang TA, Hollis A, Diaz EJ, Adhikari R, Chew G, Petretto EG, Gurley SB, McDonough AA, Coffman TM. Vascular control of kidney epithelial transporters. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F1080-F1092. [PMID: 33969697 PMCID: PMC8285646 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00084.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A major pathway in hypertension pathogenesis involves direct activation of ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors in the kidney, stimulating Na+ reabsorption. AT1 receptors in tubular epithelia control expression and stimulation of Na+ transporters and channels. Recently, we found reduced blood pressure and enhanced natriuresis in mice with cell-specific deletion of AT1 receptors in smooth muscle (SMKO mice). Although impaired vasoconstriction and preserved renal blood flow might contribute to exaggerated urinary Na+ excretion in SMKO mice, we considered whether alterations in Na+ transporter expression might also play a role; therefore, we carried out proteomic analysis of key Na+ transporters and associated proteins. Here, we show that levels of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 2 (NKCC2) and Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) are reduced at baseline in SMKO mice, accompanied by attenuated natriuretic and diuretic responses to furosemide. During ANG II hypertension, we found widespread remodeling of transporter expression in wild-type mice with significant increases in the levels of total NaCl cotransporter, phosphorylated NaCl cotransporter (Ser71), and phosphorylated NKCC2, along with the cleaved, activated forms of the α- and γ-epithelial Na+ channel. However, the increases in α- and γ-epithelial Na+ channel with ANG II were substantially attenuated in SMKO mice. This was accompanied by a reduced natriuretic response to amiloride. Thus, enhanced urinary Na+ excretion observed after cell-specific deletion of AT1 receptors from smooth muscle cells is associated with altered Na+ transporter abundance across epithelia in multiple nephron segments. These findings suggest a system of vascular-epithelial in the kidney, modulating the expression of Na+ transporters and contributing to the regulation of pressure natriuresis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The use of drugs to block the renin-angiotensin system to reduce blood pressure is common. However, the precise mechanism for how these medications control blood pressure is incompletely understood. Here, we show that mice lacking angiotensin receptors specifically in smooth muscle cells lead to alternation in tubular transporter amount and function. Thus, demonstrating the importance of vascular-tubular cross talk in the control of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Renal Section, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Emre Dilmen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Donna L Ralph
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Fitra Rianto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thien A Hoang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alison Hollis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Edward J Diaz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rishav Adhikari
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gabriel Chew
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Enrico G Petretto
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Alicia A McDonough
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Renal Section, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Durham, North Carolina
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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24
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Targeting Methylglyoxal in Diabetic Kidney Disease Using the Mitochondria-Targeted Compound MitoGamide. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051457. [PMID: 33922959 PMCID: PMC8145135 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains the number one cause of end-stage renal disease in the western world. In experimental diabetes, mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney precedes the development of DKD. Reactive 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, such as methylglyoxal, are generated from sugars both endogenously during diabetes and exogenously during food processing. Methylglyoxal is thought to impair the mitochondrial function and may contribute to the pathogenesis of DKD. Here, we sought to target methylglyoxal within the mitochondria using MitoGamide, a mitochondria-targeted dicarbonyl scavenger, in an experimental model of diabetes. Male 6-week-old heterozygous Akita mice (C57BL/6-Ins2-Akita/J) or wildtype littermates were randomized to receive MitoGamide (10 mg/kg/day) or a vehicle by oral gavage for 16 weeks. MitoGamide did not alter the blood glucose control or body composition. Akita mice exhibited hallmarks of DKD including albuminuria, hyperfiltration, glomerulosclerosis, and renal fibrosis, however, after 16 weeks of treatment, MitoGamide did not substantially improve the renal phenotype. Complex-I-linked mitochondrial respiration was increased in the kidney of Akita mice which was unaffected by MitoGamide. Exploratory studies using transcriptomics identified that MitoGamide induced changes to olfactory signaling, immune system, respiratory electron transport, and post-translational protein modification pathways. These findings indicate that targeting methylglyoxal within the mitochondria using MitoGamide is not a valid therapeutic approach for DKD and that other mitochondrial targets or processes upstream should be the focus of therapy.
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25
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Song A, Zhang C, Meng X. Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111454. [PMID: 33714781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic drug widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), acting via indirect activation of 5' Adenosine monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK). Beyond the anti-diabetic effect, accumulative pieces of evidence have revealed that metformin also everts a beneficial effect in diverse kidney diseases. In various acute kidney diseases (AKI) animal models, metformin protects renal tubular cells from inflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen stress (ROS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via AMPK activation. In diabetic kidney disease (DKD), metformin also alleviates podocyte loss, mesangial cells apoptosis, and tubular cells senescence through AMPK-mediated signaling pathways. Besides, metformin inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated fluids secretion and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-involved cyst formation negatively regulated by AMPK in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (APDKD). Furthermore, metformin also contributes to the alleviation of urolithiasis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). As the common pathway for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progressing towards end-stage renal disease (ESRD), renal fibrosis is ameliorated by metformin, to a great extent dependent on AMPK activation. However, clinical data are not always consistent with preclinical data, some clinical investigations showed the unmeaningful even detrimental effect of metformin on T2DM patients with kidney diseases. Most importantly, metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) is a vital issue restricting the application of metformin. Thus, we conclude the application of metformin in kidney diseases and uncover the underlying molecular mechanisms in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Song
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xianfang Meng
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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26
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Park M, Nishimura T, Baeza-Garza CD, Caldwell ST, Pun PBL, Prag HA, Young T, Sauchanka O, Logan A, Forkink M, Gruszczyk AV, Prime TA, Arndt S, Naudi A, Pamplona R, Coughlan MT, Tate M, Ritchie RH, Caicci F, Kaludercic N, Di Lisa F, Smith RAJ, Hartley RC, Murphy MP, Krieg T. Confirmation of the Cardioprotective Effect of MitoGamide in the Diabetic Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:823-834. [PMID: 32979176 PMCID: PMC7674384 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-07086-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction) is a major consequence of diabetic cardiomyopathy with no effective treatments. Here, we have characterized Akita mice as a preclinical model of HFpEF and used it to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted dicarbonyl scavenger, MitoGamide. Methods and Results A longitudinal echocardiographic analysis confirmed that Akita mice develop diastolic dysfunction with reduced E peak velocity, E/A ratio and extended isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT), while the systolic function remains comparable with wild-type mice. The myocardium of Akita mice had a decreased ATP/ADP ratio, elevated mitochondrial oxidative stress and increased organelle density, compared with that of wild-type mice. MitoGamide, a mitochondria-targeted 1,2-dicarbonyl scavenger, exhibited good stability in vivo, uptake into cells and mitochondria and reactivity with dicarbonyls. Treatment of Akita mice with MitoGamide for 12 weeks significantly improved the E/A ratio compared with the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion Our work confirms that the Akita mouse model of diabetes replicates key clinical features of diabetic HFpEF, including cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, in this independent study, MitoGamide treatment improved diastolic function in Akita mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10557-020-07086-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Park
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Takeda Pharmaceutical Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiran A Prag
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olga Sauchanka
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marleen Forkink
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anja V Gruszczyk
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy A Prime
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Arndt
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alba Naudi
- Department Of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Lleida, Spain
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department Of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida, Lleida Institute for Biomedical Research, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Mitchel Tate
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Department of Diabetes, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Nina Kaludercic
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Otago, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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27
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Khan S, Gaivin R, Abramovich C, Boylan M, Calles J, Schelling JR. Fatty acid transport protein-2 regulates glycemic control and diabetic kidney disease progression. JCI Insight 2020; 5:136845. [PMID: 32614804 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.136845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes, and tubular atrophy predicts diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression to end-stage renal disease. We have proposed that fatty acids bound to albumin contribute to tubular atrophy by inducing lipotoxicity, after filtration across damaged glomeruli, and subsequent proximal tubule reabsorption by a fatty acid transport protein-2-dependent (FATP2-dependent) mechanism. To address this possibility, genetic (Leprdb/db eNOS-/-) and induced (high-fat diet plus low-dose streptozotocin) mouse models of obesity and DKD were bred with global FATP2 gene-deleted mice (Slc27a2) and then phenotyped. DKD-prone mice with the Slc27a2-/- genotype demonstrated normalization of glomerular filtration rate, reduced albuminuria, improved kidney histopathology, and longer life span compared with diabetic Slc27a2+/+ mice. Genetic and induced DKD-prone Slc27a2-/- mice also exhibited markedly reduced fasting plasma glucose, with mean values approaching euglycemia, despite increased obesity and decreased physical activity. Glucose lowering in DKD-prone Slc27a2-/- mice was accompanied by β cell hyperplasia and sustained insulin secretion. Together, our data indicate that FATP2 regulates DKD pathogenesis by a combined lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity (glucolipotoxicity) mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenaz Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Calles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, MetroHealth Campus, and
| | - Jeffrey R Schelling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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28
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Giralt-López A, Molina-Van den Bosch M, Vergara A, García-Carro C, Seron D, Jacobs-Cachá C, Soler MJ. Revisiting Experimental Models of Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103587. [PMID: 32438732 PMCID: PMC7278948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes prevalence is constantly increasing and, nowadays, it affects more than 350 million people worldwide. Therefore, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has also increased, becoming the main cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the developed world. DN is characterized by albuminuria, a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), hypertension, mesangial matrix expansion, glomerular basement membrane thickening, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The therapeutic advances in the last years have been able to modify and delay the natural course of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Nevertheless, there is still an urgent need to characterize the pathways that are involved in DN, identify risk biomarkers and prevent kidney failure in diabetic patients. Rodent models provide valuable information regarding how DN is set and its progression through time. Despite the utility of these models, kidney disease progression depends on the diabetes induction method and susceptibility to diabetes of each experimental strain. The classical DN murine models (Streptozotocin-induced, Akita, or obese type 2 models) do not develop all of the typical DN features. For this reason, many models have been crossed to a susceptible genetic background. Knockout and transgenic strains have also been created to generate more robust models. In this review, we will focus on the description of the new DN rodent models and, additionally, we will provide an overview of the available methods for renal phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Giralt-López
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
| | - Mireia Molina-Van den Bosch
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
| | - Ander Vergara
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara García-Carro
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Seron
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Conxita Jacobs-Cachá
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: (C.J.-C.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Maria José Soler
- Nephrology Research Group, Vall d’Hebrón Institut de Recerca, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (A.G.-L.); (M.M.-V.d.B.); (A.V.); (C.G.-C.); (D.S.)
- Nephrology Department, Vall d’Hebrón Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.J.-C.); (M.J.S.)
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29
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Miyata KN, Zhao S, Wu CH, Lo CS, Ghosh A, Chenier I, Filep JG, Ingelfinger JR, Zhang SL, Chan JSD. Comparison of the effects of insulin and SGLT2 inhibitor on the Renal Renin-Angiotensin system in type 1 diabetes mice. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 162:108107. [PMID: 32173417 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS SGLT2 inhibitors have been proposed as an adjunct to insulin therapy for glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. However, concern has been raised due to an increase in renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) activity reported in a clinical trial in which an SGLT2 inhibitor was added while insulin dose was reduced in T1D patients. We previously reported that insulin inhibits intrarenal angiotensinogen (Agt) gene transcription and RAS activation. We hypothesized that insulin, rather than SGLT2 inhibition might regulate the intrarenal RAS. METHODS We compared RAS activity in non-diabetic wild type mice, Akita mice (T1D model) and Akita mice treated with insulin or the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin. RESULTS Treatment of Akita mice with insulin or canagliflozin produced similar reductions in blood glucose, whereas insulin, but not canagliflozin, reduced elevated systolic blood pressure. Akita mice exhibited increased renal Agt mRNA/protein expression, which was attenuated by insulin, but not by canagliflozin. Furthermore, insulin was more effective than canagliflozin in lowering kidney weight and albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS Insulin, but not canagliflozin, lowers intrarenal RAS activity in Akita mice. Our findings can be of potential clinical importance, especially for T1D patients who are not on RAS inhibitors at the time of adding SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana N Miyata
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shuiling Zhao
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chin-Han Wu
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Chao-Sheng Lo
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Anindya Ghosh
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Isabelle Chenier
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Janos G Filep
- Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche de l'Hopital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, 5415 boul. l'Assomption, Montréal, Quebec H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Julie R Ingelfinger
- Harvard Medical School, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 15 Parkman Street, WAC 709, Boston, MA 02114-3117, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Zhang
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
| | - John S D Chan
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Tour Viger-Pavillon R, 900 Saint Denis Street, Montréal, Quebec H2X 0A9, Canada.
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30
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5/6 nephrectomy induces different renal, cardiac and vascular consequences in 129/Sv and C57BL/6JRj mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1524. [PMID: 32001792 PMCID: PMC6992698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58393-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of cardiovascular diseases largely depend on the genetic background. Subtotal 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) is the most frequently used model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in rodents. However, in mice, cardiovascular consequences of 5/6 Nx are rarely reported in details and comparative results between strains are scarce. The present study detailed and compared the outcomes of 5/6 Nx in the 2 main strains of mice used in cardiovascular and kidney research, 129/Sv and C57BL/6JRj. Twelve weeks after 5/6 Nx, CKD was demonstrated by a significant increase in plasma creatinine in both 129/Sv and C57BL/6JRj male mice. Polyuria and kidney histological lesions were more pronounced in 129/Sv than in C57BL/6JRj mice. Increase in albuminuria was significant in 129/Sv but not in C57BL/6JRj mice. Both strains exhibited an increase in systolic blood pressure after 8 weeks associated with decreases in cardiac systolic and diastolic function. Heart weight increased significantly only in 129/Sv mice. Endothelium-dependent mesenteric artery relaxation to acetylcholine was altered after 5/6 Nx in C57BL/6JRj mice. Marked reduction of endothelium-dependent vasodilation to increased intraluminal flow was demonstrated in both strains after 5/6 Nx. Cardiovascular and kidney consequences of 5/6 Nx were more pronounced in 129/Sv than in C57BL/6JRj mice.
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31
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Porcine models for studying complications and organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:341-378. [PMID: 31932949 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is rapidly increasing not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Diabetes is associated with macrovascular complications increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke, as well as microvascular complications leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Animal models are essential for studying disease mechanisms and for developing and testing diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies. Rodent models are most widely used but have limitations in translational research. Porcine models have the potential to bridge the gap between basic studies and clinical trials in human patients. This article provides an overview of concepts for the development of porcine models for diabetes and obesity research, with a focus on genetically engineered models. Diabetes-associated ocular, cardiovascular and renal alterations observed in diabetic pig models are summarized and their similarities with complications in diabetic patients are discussed. Systematic multi-organ biobanking of porcine models of diabetes and obesity and molecular profiling of representative tissue samples on different levels, e.g., on the transcriptome, proteome, or metabolome level, is proposed as a strategy for discovering tissue-specific pathomechanisms and their molecular key drivers using systems biology tools. This is exemplified by a recent study providing multi-omics insights into functional changes of the liver in a transgenic pig model for insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. Collectively, these approaches will provide a better understanding of organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus and eventually reveal new molecular targets for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
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32
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Noshahr ZS, Salmani H, Khajavi Rad A, Sahebkar A. Animal Models of Diabetes-Associated Renal Injury. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:9416419. [PMID: 32566684 PMCID: PMC7256713 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9416419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main factor leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Importantly, the prevalence of DN is continuously increasing in developed countries. Many rodent models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes have been established to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes and examine novel therapies against DN. These models are developed by chemical, surgical, genetic, drug, and diet/nutrition interventions or combination of two or more methods. The main characteristics of DN including a decrease in renal function, albuminuria and mesangiolysis, mesangial expansion, and nodular glomerulosclerosis should be exhibited by an animal model of DN. However, a rodent model possessing all of the abovementioned features of human DN has not yet been developed. Furthermore, mice of different genetic backgrounds and strains show different levels of susceptibility to DN with respect to albuminuria and development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the type of diabetes, development of nephropathy, duration of the study, cost of maintaining and breeding, and animals' mortality rate are important factors that might be affected by the type of DN model. In this review, we discuss the pros and cons of different rodent models of diabetes that are being used to study DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Samadi Noshahr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Khajavi Rad
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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33
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin 1 and Its Diverse Roles as a Regulator of Extracellular Matrix in Fibrotic Disease. J Histochem Cytochem 2019; 67:683-699. [PMID: 31116066 PMCID: PMC6713974 DOI: 10.1369/0022155419851103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein that has diverse roles in regulating cellular processes important for the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. We will present evidence for the importance of TSP1 control of latent transforming growth factor beta activation in renal fibrosis with an emphasis on diabetic nephropathy. Other functions of TSP1 that affect renal fibrosis, including regulation of inflammation and capillary density, will be addressed. Emerging roles for TSP1 N-terminal domain regulation of collagen matrix assembly, direct effects of TSP1-collagen binding, and intracellular functions of TSP1 in mediating endoplasmic reticulum stress responses in extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis, which could potentially affect renal fibrogenesis, will also be discussed. Finally, we will address possible strategies for targeting TSP1 functions to treat fibrotic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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34
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Song P, Huang W, Onishi A, Patel R, Kim YC, van Ginkel C, Fu Y, Freeman B, Koepsell H, Thomson S, Liu R, Vallon V. Knockout of Na +-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 mitigates diabetes-induced upregulation of nitric oxide synthase NOS1 in the macula densa and glomerular hyperfiltration. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F207-F217. [PMID: 31091127 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00120.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 mediates glucose reabsorption in late proximal tubules. SGLT1 also mediates macula densa (MD) sensing of an increase in luminal glucose, which increases nitric oxide (NO) synthase 1 (MD-NOS1)-mediated NO formation and potentially glomerular filtratrion rate (GFR). Here, the contribution of SGLT1 was tested by gene knockout (-/-) in type 1 diabetic Akita mice. A low-glucose diet was used to prevent intestinal malabsorption in Sglt1-/- mice and minimize the contribution of intestinal SGLT1. Hyperglycemia was modestly reduced in Sglt1-/- versus littermate wild-type Akita mice (480 vs. 550 mg/dl), associated with reduced diabetes-induced increases in GFR, kidney weight, glomerular size, and albuminuria. Blunted hyperfiltration was confirmed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sglt1-/- mice, associated with similar hyperglycemia versus wild-type mice (350 vs. 385 mg/dl). Absence of SGLT1 attenuated upregulation of MD-NOS1 protein expression in diabetic Akita mice and in response to SGLT2 inhibition in nondiabetic mice. During SGLT2 inhibition in Akita mice, Sglt1-/- mice had likewise reduced blood glucose (200 vs. 300 mg/dl), associated with lesser MD-NOS1 expression, GFR, kidney weight, glomerular size, and albuminuria. Absence of Sglt1 in Akita mice increased systolic blood pressure, associated with suppressed renal renin mRNA expression. This may reflect fluid retention due to blunted hyperfiltration. SGLT2 inhibition prevented the blood pressure increase in Sglt1-/- Akita mice, possibly due to additive glucosuric/diuretic effects. The data indicate that SGLT1 contributes to diabetic hyperfiltration and limits diabetic hypertension. Potential mechanisms include its role in glucose-driven upregulation of MD-NOS1 expression. This pathway may increase GFR to maintain volume balance when enhanced MD glucose delivery indicates upstream saturation of SGLTs and thus hyperreabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panai Song
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Winnie Huang
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Akira Onishi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Rohit Patel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Young Chul Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Charlotte van Ginkel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Yiling Fu
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Brent Freeman
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Hermann Koepsell
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg , Würzburg , Germany
| | - Scott Thomson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa, Florida
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California.,Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California
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35
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Carota IA, Kenig-Kozlovsky Y, Onay T, Scott R, Thomson BR, Souma T, Bartlett CS, Li Y, Procissi D, Ramirez V, Yamaguchi S, Tarjus A, Tanna CE, Li C, Eremina V, Vestweber D, Oladipupo SS, Breyer MD, Quaggin SE. Targeting VE-PTP phosphatase protects the kidney from diabetic injury. J Exp Med 2019; 216:936-949. [PMID: 30886059 PMCID: PMC6446875 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure. VE-PTP phosphatase expression is increased in the endothelium of rodents with diabetes and hypertension. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP reduces kidney injury in diabetic mice, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target. Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Reduced angiopoietin-TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the vasculature leads to increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Here, we identified a mechanism to explain how TIE2 signaling is attenuated in diabetic animals. Expression of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase VE-PTP (also known as PTPRB), which dephosphorylates TIE2, is robustly up-regulated in the renal microvasculature of diabetic rodents, thereby reducing TIE2 activity. Increased VE-PTP expression was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activity in vivo. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP restored TIE2 activity independent of ligand availability and protected kidney structure and function in a mouse model of severe diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and led to nuclear exclusion of the FOXO1 transcription factor, reducing expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene targets. In sum, we identify inhibition of VE-PTP as a promising therapeutic target to protect the kidney from diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Carota
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yael Kenig-Kozlovsky
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rizaldy Scott
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina S Bartlett
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yanyang Li
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shinji Yamaguchi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine E Tanna
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chengjin Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vera Eremina
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew D Breyer
- Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL .,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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36
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Wang M, Hu J, Yan L, Yang Y, He M, Wu M, Li Q, Gong W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Handy DE, Lu B, Hao C, Wang Q, Li Y, Hu R, Stanton RC, Zhang Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes. FASEB J 2019; 33:6296-6310. [PMID: 30785802 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801921r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress contributes substantially to podocyte injury, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic kidney disease. The mechanism of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in podocytes is not fully understood. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is critical in maintaining NADPH, which is an important cofactor for the antioxidant system. Here, we hypothesized that high glucose induced ubiquitination and degradation of G6PD, which injured podocytes by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. We found that G6PD protein expression was decreased in kidneys of both diabetic patients and diabetic rodents. G6PD activity was also reduced in diabetic mice. Overexpressing G6PD reversed redox imbalance and podocyte apoptosis induced by high glucose and palmitate. Inhibition of G6PD with small interfering RNA induced podocyte apoptosis. In kidneys of G6PD-deficient mice, podocyte apoptosis was significantly increased. Interestingly, high glucose had no effect on G6PD mRNA expression. Decreased G6PD protein expression was mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. We found that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase subunit, directly bound to G6PD and degraded G6PD through ubiquitylating G6PD on K366 and K403. In summary, our data suggest that high glucose induces ubiquitination of G6PD by VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, which leads to ROS accumulation and podocyte injury.-Wang, M., Hu, J., Yan, L., Yang, Y., He, M., Wu, M., Li, Q., Gong, W., Yang, Y., Wang, Y., Handy, D. E., Lu, B., Hao, C., Wang, Q., Li, Y., Hu, R., Stanton, R. C., Zhang, Z. High glucose-induced ubiquitination of G6PD leads to the injury of podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linling Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Diane E Handy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Robert C Stanton
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Alli A, Yu L, Holzworth M, Richards J, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Direct and indirect inhibition of the circadian clock protein Per1: effects on ENaC and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F807-F813. [PMID: 30759025 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00408.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms govern physiological functions and are important for overall health. The molecular circadian clock comprises several transcription factors that mediate circadian control of physiological function, in part, by regulating gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. These connections are well established, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The overall goal of this study was to examine the connection among the circadian clock protein Period 1 (Per1), epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), and blood pressure (BP) using a multipronged approach. Using global Per1 knockout mice on a 129/sv background in combination with a high-salt diet plus mineralocorticoid treatment, we demonstrated that loss of Per1 in this setting is associated with protection from hypertension. Next, we used the ENaC inhibitor benzamil to demonstrate a role for ENaC in BP regulation and urinary Na+ excretion in 129/sv mice. We targeted Per1 indirectly using pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry in vivo to demonstrate altered expression of known Per1 target genes as well as a BP-lowering effect in 129/sv mice. Finally, we directly inhibited Per1 via genetic knockdown in amphibian distal nephron cells to demonstrate, for the first time, that reduced Per1 expression is associated with decreased ENaC activity at the single channel level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Alli
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Meaghan Holzworth
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jacob Richards
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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38
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Natarajan M, Habib SL, Reddick RL, Delma CR, Manickam K, Prihoda TJ, Werner SL, Mohan S. Endothelial cell-specific overexpression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in Ins2Akita mice exacerbates diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:23-32. [PMID: 30424931 PMCID: PMC6344355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that global deficiency of eNOS in diabetic mice exacerbated renal lesions and that overexpression of eNOS may protect against tissue injury. Our study revealed for the first time overexpression of eNOS leads to disease progression rather than protection. Transgenic mice selectively expressing eNOS in endothelial cells (eNOSTg) were cross bred with Ins2Akita type-1 (AK) diabetic mice to generate eNOS overexpressing eNOSTg/AK mice. Wild type, eNOSTg, AK and eNOSTg/AK mice were assessed for kidney function and blood glucose levels. Remarkably, overexpressing eNOSTg mice showed evidence of unpredicted glomerular injury with segmental mesangiolysis and occasional microaneurysms. Notably, in eNOSTg/AK mice overexpression of eNOS led to increased glomerular/endothelial injury that was associated with increased superoxide levels and renal dysfunction. Results indicate for the first time that overexpressing eNOS in endothelial cells cannot ameliorate diabetic lesions, but paradoxically leads to progression of nephropathy likely due to eNOS uncoupling and superoxide upsurge. This novel finding has a significant impact on current therapeutic strategies to improve endothelial function and prevent progression of diabetic renal disease. Further, the eNOSTg/AK model developed in this study has significant translational potentials for elucidating the underlying mechanism implicated in the deflected function of eNOS in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Natarajan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Samy L Habib
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System and Cell Systems & Anatomy, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Caroline R Delma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Krishnan Manickam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas J Prihoda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sherry L Werner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sumathy Mohan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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39
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Gurley SB, Ghosh S, Johnson SA, Azushima K, Sakban RB, George SE, Maeda M, Meyer TW, Coffman TM. Inflammation and Immunity Pathways Regulate Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes 2018; 67:2096-2106. [PMID: 30065034 PMCID: PMC6152345 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, but its molecular pathogenesis is not well defined, and there are no specific treatments. In humans, there is a strong genetic component determining susceptibility to DN. However, specific genes controlling DN susceptibility in humans have not been identified. In this study, we describe a mouse model combining type 1 diabetes with activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which develops robust kidney disease with features resembling human DN: heavy albuminuria, hypertension, and glomerulosclerosis. Additionally, there is a powerful effect of genetic background regulating susceptibility to nephropathy; the 129 strain is susceptible to kidney disease, whereas the C57BL/6 strain is resistant. To examine the molecular basis of this differential susceptibility, we analyzed the glomerular transcriptome of young mice early in the course of their disease. We find dramatic differences in regulation of immune and inflammatory pathways, with upregulation of proinflammatory pathways in the susceptible (129) strain and coordinate downregulation in the resistant (C57BL/6) strain. Many of these pathways are also upregulated in rat models and in humans with DN. Our studies suggest that genes controlling inflammatory responses, triggered by hyperglycemia and RAS activation, may be critical early determinants of susceptibility to DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan B Gurley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Stacy A Johnson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Rashidah Binte Sakban
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Simi E George
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Momoe Maeda
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Timothy W Meyer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham VA Medical Centers, Durham, NC
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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40
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Zhang L, Wu JH, Otto JC, Gurley SB, Hauser ER, Shenoy SK, Nagi K, Brian L, Wertman V, Mattocks N, Lawson JH, Freedman NJ. Interleukin-9 mediates chronic kidney disease-dependent vein graft disease: a role for mast cells. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1551-1559. [PMID: 29048463 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a powerful independent risk factor for cardiovascular events, including vein graft failure. Because CKD impairs the clearance of small proteins, we tested the hypothesis that CKD exacerbates vein graft disease by elevating serum levels of critical cytokines that promote vein graft neointimal hyperplasia. Methods and results We modelled CKD in C57BL/6 mice with 5/6ths nephrectomy, which reduced glomerular filtration rate by 60%, and we modelled vein grafting with inferior-vena-cava-to-carotid interposition grafting. CKD increased vein graft neointimal hyperplasia four-fold, decreased vein graft re-endothelialization two-fold, and increased serum levels of interleukin-9 (IL-9) five-fold. By quantitative immunofluorescence and histochemical staining, vein grafts from CKD mice demonstrated a ∼two-fold higher prevalence of mast cells, and a six-fold higher prevalence of activated mast cells. Concordantly, vein grafts from CKD mice showed higher levels of TNF and NFκB activation, as judged by phosphorylation of NFκB p65 on Ser536 and by expression of VCAM-1. Arteriovenous fistula veins from humans with CKD also showed up-regulation of mast cells and IL-9. Treating CKD mice with IL-9-neutralizing IgG reduced vein graft neointimal area four-fold, increased vein graft re-endothelialization ∼two-fold, and reduced vein graft total and activated mast cell levels two- and four-fold, respectively. Treating CKD mice with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn reduced neointimal hyperplasia and increased re-endothelialization in vein grafts. In vitro, IL-9 promoted endothelial cell apoptosis but had no effect on smooth muscle cell proliferation. Conclusion CKD aggravates vein graft disease through mechanisms involving IL-9 and mast cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth R Hauser
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics.,Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karim Nagi
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Neil J Freedman
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine.,Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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41
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the developed world. Accordingly, an urgent need exists for new, curative treatments as well as for biomarkers to stratify risk of DN among individuals with diabetes mellitus. A barrier to progress in these areas has been a lack of animal models that faithfully replicate the main features of human DN. Such models could be used to define the pathogenesis, identify drug targets and test new therapies. Owing to their tractability for genetic manipulation, mice are widely used to model human diseases, including DN. Questions have been raised, however, about the general utility of mouse models in human drug discovery. Standard mouse models of diabetes typically manifest only modest kidney abnormalities, whereas accelerated models, induced by superimposing genetic stressors, recapitulate key features of human DN. Incorporation of systems biology approaches and emerging data from genomics and metabolomics studies should enable further model refinement. Here, we discuss the current status of mouse models for DN, their limitations and opportunities for improvement. We emphasize that future efforts should focus on generating robust models that reproduce the major clinical and molecular phenotypes of human DN.
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42
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Harlan SM, Heinz-Taheny KM, Sullivan JM, Wei T, Baker HE, Jaqua DL, Qi Z, Cramer MS, Shiyanova TL, Breyer MD, Heuer JG. Progressive Renal Disease Established by Renin-Coding Adeno-Associated Virus-Driven Hypertension in Diverse Diabetic Models. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:477-491. [PMID: 29061652 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in research and developing therapeutics to prevent diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is limited by a lack of animal models exhibiting progressive kidney disease. Chronic hypertension, a driving factor of disease progression in human patients, is lacking in most available models of diabetes. We hypothesized that superimposition of hypertension on diabetic mouse models would accelerate DKD. To test this possibility, we induced persistent hypertension in three mouse models of type 1 diabetes and two models of type 2 diabetes by adeno-associated virus delivery of renin (ReninAAV). Compared with LacZAAV-treated counterparts, ReninAAV-treated type 1 diabetic Akita/129 mice exhibited a substantial increase in albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and serum creatinine level and more severe renal lesions. In type 2 models of diabetes (C57BKLS db/db and BTBR ob/ob mice), compared with LacZAAV, ReninAAV induced significant elevations in ACR and increased the incidence and severity of histopathologic findings, with increased serum creatinine detected only in the ReninAAV-treated db/db mice. The uninephrectomized ReninAAV db/db model was the most progressive model examined and further characterized. In this model, separate treatment of hyperglycemia with rosiglitazone or hypertension with lisinopril partially reduced ACR, consistent with independent contributions of these disorders to renal disease. Microarray analysis and comparison with human DKD showed common pathways affected in human disease and this model. These results identify novel models of progressive DKD that provide researchers with a facile and reliable method to study disease pathogenesis and support the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Harlan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - John M Sullivan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tao Wei
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hana E Baker
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dianna L Jaqua
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zhonghua Qi
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Matthew D Breyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Josef G Heuer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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43
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Hinden L, Udi S, Drori A, Gammal A, Nemirovski A, Hadar R, Baraghithy S, Permyakova A, Geron M, Cohen M, Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig S, Riahi Y, Leibowitz G, Nahmias Y, Priel A, Tam J. Modulation of Renal GLUT2 by the Cannabinoid-1 Receptor: Implications for the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:434-448. [PMID: 29030466 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017040371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered glucose reabsorption via the facilitative glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) during diabetes may lead to renal proximal tubule cell (RPTC) injury, inflammation, and interstitial fibrosis. These pathologies are also triggered by activating the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R), which contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the link between CB1R and GLUT2 remains to be determined. Here, we show that chronic peripheral CB1R blockade or genetically inactivating CB1Rs in the RPTCs ameliorated diabetes-induced renal structural and functional changes, kidney inflammation, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in mice. Inhibition of CB1R also downregulated GLUT2 expression, affected the dynamic translocation of GLUT2 to the brush border membrane of RPTCs, and reduced glucose reabsorption. Thus, targeting peripheral CB1R or inhibiting GLUT2 dynamics in RPTCs has the potential to treat and ameliorate DN. These findings may support the rationale for the clinical testing of peripherally restricted CB1R antagonists or the development of novel renal-specific GLUT2 inhibitors against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Matan Geron
- Cellular and Molecular Pain Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Merav Cohen
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer and Science Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Sabina Tsytkin-Kirschenzweig
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer and Science Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Yael Riahi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gil Leibowitz
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Service, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yaakov Nahmias
- The Alexander Grass Center for Bioengineering, Benin School of Computer and Science Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel; and
| | - Avi Priel
- Cellular and Molecular Pain Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, and
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44
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Zheng X, Soroush F, Long J, Hall ET, Adishesha PK, Bhattacharya S, Kiani MF, Bhalla V. Murine glomerular transcriptome links endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 deficiency with susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185250. [PMID: 28934365 PMCID: PMC5608371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney disease; however, there are no early biomarkers and no cure. Thus, there is a large unmet need to predict which individuals will develop nephropathy and to understand the molecular mechanisms that govern this susceptibility. We compared the glomerular transcriptome from mice with distinct susceptibilities to DN at four weeks after induction of diabetes, but before histologic injury, and identified differential regulation of genes that modulate inflammation. From these genes, we identified endothelial cell specific molecule-1 (Esm-1), as a glomerular-enriched determinant of resistance to DN. Glomerular Esm-1 mRNA and protein were lower in DN-susceptible, DBA/2, compared to DN-resistant, C57BL/6, mice. We demonstrated higher Esm-1 secretion from primary glomerular cultures of diabetic mice, and high glucose was sufficient to increase Esm-1 mRNA and protein secretion in both strains of mice. However, induction was significantly attenuated in DN-susceptible mice. Urine Esm-1 was also significantly higher only in DN-resistant mice. Moreover, using intravital microscopy and a biomimetic microfluidic assay, we showed that Esm-1 inhibited rolling and transmigration in a dose-dependent manner. For the first time we have uncovered glomerular-derived Esm-1 as a potential non-invasive biomarker of DN. Esm-1 inversely correlates with disease susceptibility and inhibits leukocyte infiltration, a critical factor in protecting the kidney from DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Fariborz Soroush
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jin Long
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Evan T. Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Puneeth K. Adishesha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Sanchita Bhattacharya
- Institute of Computational Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mohammad F. Kiani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vivek Bhalla
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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45
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Wysocki J, Ye M, Khattab AM, Fogo A, Martin A, David NV, Kanwar Y, Osborn M, Batlle D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 amplification limited to the circulation does not protect mice from development of diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int 2017; 91:1336-1346. [PMID: 27927599 PMCID: PMC5429993 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Blockers of the renin-angiotensin system are effective in the treatment of experimental and clinical diabetic nephropathy. An approach different from blocking the formation or action of angiotensin II (1-8) that could also be effective involves fostering its degradation. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a monocarboxypeptidase that cleaves angiotensin II (1-8) to form angiotensin (1-7). Therefore, we examined the renal effects of murine recombinant ACE2 in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy as well as that of amplification of circulating ACE2 using minicircle DNA delivery prior to induction of experimental diabetes. This delivery resulted in a long-term sustained and profound increase in serum ACE2 activity and enhanced ability to metabolize an acute angiotensin II (1-8) load. In mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes pretreated with minicircle ACE2, ACE2 protein in plasma increased markedly and this was associated with a more than 100-fold increase in serum ACE2 activity. However, minicircle ACE2 did not result in changes in urinary ACE2 activity as compared to untreated diabetic mice. In both diabetic groups, glomerular filtration rate increased significantly and to the same extent as compared to non-diabetic controls. Albuminuria, glomerular mesangial expansion, glomerular cellularity, and glomerular size were all increased to a similar extent in minicircle ACE2-treated and untreated diabetic mice, as compared to non-diabetic controls. Recombinant mouse ACE2 given for 4 weeks by intraperitoneal daily injections in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy also failed to improve albuminuria or kidney pathology. Thus, a profound augmentation of ACE2 confined to the circulation failed to ameliorate the glomerular lesions and hyperfiltration characteristic of early diabetic nephropathy. These findings emphasize the importance of targeting the kidney rather than the circulatory renin angiotensin system to combat diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Wysocki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Minghao Ye
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ahmed M Khattab
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aline Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicolae Valentin David
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Yashpal Kanwar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mark Osborn
- University of Minnesota, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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46
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Wang L, Sha Y, Bai J, Eisner W, Sparks MA, Buckley AF, Spurney RF. Podocyte-specific knockout of cyclooxygenase 2 exacerbates diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F430-F439. [PMID: 28490532 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00614.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) in podocytes contributes to glomerular injury in diabetic kidney disease, but some basal level of podocyte COX2 expression might be required to promote podocyte attachment and/or survival. To investigate the role of podocyte COX2 expression in diabetic kidney disease, we deleted COX2 specifically in podocytes in a mouse model of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (Akita mice). Podocyte-specific knockout (KO) of COX2 did not affect renal morphology or albuminuria in nondiabetic mice. Albuminuria was significantly increased in wild-type (WT) and KO Akita mice compared with nondiabetic controls, and the increase in albuminuria was significantly greater in KO Akita mice compared with WT Akita mice at both 16 and 20 wk of age. At the 20-wk time point, mesangial expansion was also increased in WT and KO Akita mice compared with nondiabetic animals, and these histologic abnormalities were not improved by KO of COX2. Tubular injury was seen only in diabetic mice, but there were no significant differences between groups. Thus, KO of COX2 enhanced albuminuria and did not improve the histopathologic features of diabetic kidney disease. These data suggest that 1) KO of COX2 in podocytes does not ameliorate diabetic kidney disease in Akita mice, and 2) some basal level of podocyte COX2 expression in podocytes is necessary to attenuate the adverse effects of diabetes on glomerular filtration barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yonggang Sha
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - William Eisner
- Division of Hematological Malignancies, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Matthew A Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Anne F Buckley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Robert F Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina;
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47
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Lizotte F, Denhez B, Guay A, Gévry N, Côté AM, Geraldes P. Persistent Insulin Resistance in Podocytes Caused by Epigenetic Changes of SHP-1 in Diabetes. Diabetes 2016; 65:3705-3717. [PMID: 27585521 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Poor glycemic control profoundly affects protein expression and the cell signaling action that contributes to glycemic memory and irreversible progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We demonstrate that SHP-1 is elevated in podocytes of diabetic mice, causing insulin unresponsiveness and DN. Thus, sustained SHP-1 expression caused by hyperglycemia despite systemic glucose normalization could contribute to the glycemic memory effect in DN. Microalbuminuria, glomerular filtration rate, mesangial cell expansion, and collagen type IV and transforming growth factor-β expression were significantly increased in diabetic Ins2+/C96Y mice compared with nondiabetic Ins2+/+ mice and remained elevated despite glucose normalization with insulin implants. A persistent increase of SHP-1 expression in podocytes despite normalization of systemic glucose levels was associated with sustained inhibition of the insulin signaling pathways. In cultured podocytes, high glucose levels increased mRNA, protein expression, and phosphatase activity of SHP-1, which remained elevated despite glucose concentration returning to normal, causing persistent insulin receptor-β inhibition. Histone posttranslational modification analysis showed that the promoter region of SHP-1 was enriched with H3K4me1 and H3K9/14ac in diabetic glomeruli and podocytes, which remained elevated despite glucose level normalization. Hyperglycemia induces SHP-1 promoter epigenetic modifications, causing its persistent expression and activity and leading to insulin resistance, podocyte dysfunction, and DN.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/metabolism
- Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
- Glomerular Filtration Rate/physiology
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Hyperglycemia/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Insulin Resistance/genetics
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Kidney Glomerulus/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/genetics
- Receptor, Insulin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Lizotte
- Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit Denhez
- Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Andréanne Guay
- Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Gévry
- Department of Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Marie Côté
- Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Nephrology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Geraldes
- Research Center of CHU de Sherbrooke and Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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48
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Østergaard MV, Pinto V, Stevenson K, Worm J, Fink LN, Coward RJM. DBA2J db/db mice are susceptible to early albuminuria and glomerulosclerosis that correlate with systemic insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F312-F321. [PMID: 27852608 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00451.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of kidney failure in the world. To understand important mechanisms underlying this condition, and to develop new therapies, good animal models are required. In mouse models of type 1 diabetes, the DBA/2J strain has been shown to be more susceptible to develop kidney disease than other common strains. We hypothesized this would also be the case in type 2 diabetes. We studied db/db and wild-type (wt) DBA/2J mice and compared these with the db/db BLKS/J mouse, which is currently the most widely used type 2 DN model. Mice were analyzed from age 6 to 12 wk for systemic insulin resistance, albuminuria, and glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Body weight and nonfasted blood glucose were increased by 8 wk in both genders, while systemic insulin resistance commenced by 6 wk in female and 8 wk in male db/db DBA/2J mice. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was closely linked to systemic insulin resistance in both sexes and was increased ~50-fold by 12 wk of age in the db/db DBA/2J cohort. Glomerulosclerosis, foot process effacement, and glomerular basement membrane thickening were observed at 12 wk of age in db/db DBA/2J mice. Compared with db/db BLKS/J mice, db/db DBA/2J mice had significantly increased levels of urinary ACR, but similar glomerular histopathological and ultrastructural changes. The db/db DBA/2J mouse is a robust model of early-stage albuminuric DN, and its levels of albuminuria correlate closely with systemic insulin resistance. This mouse model will be helpful in defining early mechanisms of DN and ultimately the development of novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette V Østergaard
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark.,Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Vanda Pinto
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kirsty Stevenson
- Department of Biochemistry, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jesper Worm
- Global Research, Novo Nordisk, Måløv, Denmark
| | | | - Richard J M Coward
- Bristol Renal, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; and
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49
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Kitada M, Ogura Y, Koya D. Rodent models of diabetic nephropathy: their utility and limitations. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2016; 9:279-290. [PMID: 27881924 PMCID: PMC5115690 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s103784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, novel therapies for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy must be developed. Rodent models are useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of diseases and testing novel therapies, and many type 1 and type 2 diabetic rodent models have been established for the study of diabetes and diabetic complications. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animals are widely used as a model of type 1 diabetes. Akita diabetic mice that have an Ins2+/C96Y mutation and OVE26 mice that overexpress calmodulin in pancreatic β-cells serve as a genetic model of type 1 diabetes. In addition, db/db mice, KK-Ay mice, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, Wistar fatty rats, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats and Goto-Kakizaki rats serve as rodent models of type 2 diabetes. An animal model of diabetic nephropathy should exhibit progressive albuminuria and a decrease in renal function, as well as the characteristic histological changes in the glomeruli and the tubulointerstitial lesions that are observed in cases of human diabetic nephropathy. A rodent model that strongly exhibits all these features of human diabetic nephropathy has not yet been developed. However, the currently available rodent models of diabetes can be useful in the study of diabetic nephropathy by increasing our understanding of the features of each diabetic rodent model. Furthermore, the genetic background and strain of each mouse model result in differences in susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy with albuminuria and the development of glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions. Therefore, the validation of an animal model reproducing human diabetic nephropathy will significantly facilitate our understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we focus on rodent models of diabetes and discuss the utility and limitations of these models for the study of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute; Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ogura
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute; Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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Xu L, Hiller S, Simington S, Nickeleit V, Maeda N, James LR, Yi X. Influence of Different Levels of Lipoic Acid Synthase Gene Expression on Diabetic Nephropathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163208. [PMID: 27706190 PMCID: PMC5051822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) but outcomes of many clinical trials are controversial. To define the role of antioxidants in kidney protection during the development of diabetic nephropathy, we have generated a novel genetic antioxidant mouse model with over- or under-expression of lipoic acid synthase gene (Lias). These models have been mated with Ins2Akita/+ mice, a type I diabetic mouse model. We compare the major pathologic changes and oxidative stress status in two new strains of the mice with controls. Our results show that Ins2Akita/+ mice with under-expressed Lias gene, exhibit higher oxidative stress and more severe DN features (albuminuria, glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial matrix expansion). In contrast, Ins2Akita/+ mice with highly-expressed Lias gene display lower oxidative stress and less DN pathologic changes. Our study demonstrates that strengthening endogenous antioxidant capacity could be an effective strategy for prevention and treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sylvia Hiller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen Simington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Volker Nickeleit
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nobuyo Maeda
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leighton R. James
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XY); (LRJ)
| | - Xianwen Yi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (XY); (LRJ)
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