1
|
Fan Q, Li R, Wei H, Xue W, Li X, Xia Z, Zhao L, Qiu Y, Cui D. Research Progress of Pyroptosis in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7130. [PMID: 39000237 PMCID: PMC11241146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis, known as one typical mode of programmed cell death, is generally characterized by the cleaved gasdermin family (GSDMs) forming pores in the cell membrane and inducing cell rupture, and the activation of aspartate-specific proteases (caspases) has also been found during this process. Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) is caused by the complication of diabetes in the kidney, and the most important kidney's function, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), happens to drop to less than 90% of its usual and even lead to kidney failure in severe cases. The persistent inflammatory state induced by high blood glucose implies the key pathology of DKD, and growing evidence shows that pyroptosis serves as a significant contributor to this chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder. Currently, the expanded discovery of GSDMs, pyroptosis, and its association with innate immunity has been more attractive, and overwhelming research is needed to sort out the implication of pyroptosis in DKD pathology. In this review, we comb both classical studies and newly founds on pyroptosis, prick off the novel awakening of pyroptosis in DKD, and center on the significance of pyroptosis in DKD treatment, aiming to provide new research targets and treatment strategies on DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Fan
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Rongxuan Li
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Huiting Wei
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Weiyue Xue
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ziyao Xia
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Le Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ye Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Di Cui
- Department of Physical Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410000, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malheiro LFL, Fernandes MM, Oliveira CA, Barcelos IDS, Fernandes AJV, Silva BS, Ávila JS, Soares TDJ, Amaral LSDB. Renoprotective mechanisms of exercise training against acute and chronic renal diseases - A perspective based on experimental studies. Life Sci 2024; 346:122628. [PMID: 38614303 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Regular exercise training can lead to several health benefits, reduce mortality risk, and increase life expectancy. On the other hand, a sedentary lifestyle is a known risk factor for chronic diseases and increased mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent a significant global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The progression from AKI to CKD is well-recognized in the literature, and exercise training has emerged as a potential renoprotective strategy. Thus, this article aims to review the main molecular mechanisms underlying the renoprotective actions of exercise training in the context of AKI and CKD, focusing on its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic, and autophagy regulatory effects. For that, bibliographical research was carried out in Medline/PubMed and Scielo databases. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in renal diseases are not fully understood, experimental studies demonstrate that oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and dysregulation of fibrotic and autophagic processes play central roles in the development of tissue damage. Increasing evidence has suggested that exercise can beneficially modulate these mechanisms, potentially becoming a safe and effective non-pharmacological strategy for kidney health protection and promotion. Thus, the evidence base discussed in this review suggests that an adequate training program emerges as a valuable tool for preserving renal function in experimental animals, mainly through the production of antioxidant enzymes, nitric oxide (NO), irisin, IL-10, and IL-11. Future research can continue to explore these mechanisms to develop specific guidelines for the prescription of exercise training in different populations of patients with kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Fabiana Luz Malheiro
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Mariana Masimessi Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Caroline Assunção Oliveira
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil
| | - Isadora de Souza Barcelos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Ana Jullie Veiga Fernandes
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Júlia Spínola Ávila
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Telma de Jesus Soares
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil
| | - Liliany Souza de Brito Amaral
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia 45029-094, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao Y, Li C, Zhou S, He Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wen L. Enhanced glucose utilization of skeletal muscle after 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxia in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296815. [PMID: 38271325 PMCID: PMC10810429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent hypoxia intervention (IHI) has been shown to reduces blood glucose and improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and has been suggested as a complementary or alternative intervention to exercise for individuals with limited mobility. Previous research on IHI has assessed cellular glucose uptake rather than utilization. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 4-week IHI, with or without an aerobic exercise, on skeletal muscle glucose utilization as indicated by the changes in pyruvate, lactate, NAD+, and NADH, using a mouse model of diet-induced T2D. In addition, the effects of one exposure to hypoxia (acute) and of a 4-week IHI (chronic) were compared to explore their relationship. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to normal control and high-fat-diet groups, and the mice that developed diet-induced diabetes were assigned to diabetes control, and intervention groups with 1 hour (acute) or 4 weeks (1 hour/day, 6 days/week) exposure to a hypoxic envrionment (0.15 FiO2), exercise (treadmill run) in normoxia, and exercise in hypoxia, respectively, with N = 7 in each group. The effects of the interventions on concentrations of fasting blood glucose, muscle glucose, GLUT4, lactate, pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), and NADH were measured, and statistically compared between the groups. RESULTS Compared with diabetes control group, the mice treated in the hypoxic environment for 4 weeks showed a significantly higher pyruvate levels and lower lactate/pyruvate ratios in the quadriceps muscle, and the mice exposed to hypoxia without or with aerobic exercise for either for 4 weeks or just 1 hour showed higher NAD+ levels and lower NADH/NAD+ ratios. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to moderate hypoxia for either one bout or 4 weeks significantly increased the body's mitochondrial NAD cyclethe in diabetic mice even in the absence of aerobic exercise. The hypoxia and exercise interventions exhibited synergistic effects on glycolysis. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the effects of IHI in respect of the management of hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhao
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoqun Li
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Youyu He
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia
| | - Li Wen
- School of Social Sports and Health Sciences, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
- School of Exercise and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rajizadeh MA, Khoramipour K, Joukar S, Darvishzadeh-Mahani F, Iranpour M, Bejeshk MA, Zaboli MD. Lung molecular and histological changes in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by high-intensity interval training. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38233819 PMCID: PMC10792831 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02840-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) leads to serious respiratory problems. This study investigated the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced lung injuries at histopathological and molecular levels. METHODS Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into control (CTL), Diabetes (Db), exercise (Ex), and Diabetes + exercise (Db + Ex) groups. T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus (35 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Rats in Ex and Db + Ex performed HIIT for eight weeks. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), BAX, Bcl2, Lecithin, Sphingomyelin (SPM) and Surfactant protein D (SPD) levels were measured in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels were measured in lung tissue. Lung histopathological alterations were assessed by using H&E and trichrome mason staining. RESULTS Diabetes was significantly associated with imbalance in pro/anti-inflammatory, pro/anti-apoptosis and redox systems, and reduced the SPD, lecithin sphingomyelin and alveolar number. Performing HIIT by diabetic animals increased Bcl2 (P < 0.05) and IL10 (P < 0.01) levels as well as surfactants components and TAC (P < 0.05) but decreased fasting blood glucose (P < 0.001), TNFα (P < 0.05), BAX (P < 0.05) and BAX/Bcl2 (P < 0.001) levels as well as MDA (P < 0.01) and MDA/TAC (P < 0.01) compared to the diabetic group. Furthermore, lung injury and fibrosis scores were increased by T2D and recovered in presence of HIIT. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that the attenuating effect of HIIT on diabetic lung injury mediated by reducing blood sugar, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis as well as improving pulmonary surfactants components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Kayvan Khoramipour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Darvishzadeh-Mahani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Iranpour
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Doustaki Zaboli
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Z, Huang Q, Zhao D, Lian F, Li X, Qi W. The impact of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction on diabetic microvascular complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1112363. [PMID: 36824356 PMCID: PMC9941188 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia, with absolute insulin deficiency or insulin resistance as the main cause, and causes damage to various target organs including the heart, kidney and neurovascular. In terms of the pathological and physiological mechanisms of DM, oxidative stress is one of the main mechanisms leading to DM and is an important link between DM and its complications. Oxidative stress is a pathological phenomenon resulting from an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the scavenging of antioxidant systems. The main site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is the mitochondria, which are also the main organelles damaged. In a chronic high glucose environment, impaired electron transport chain within the mitochondria leads to the production of ROS, prompts increased proton leakage and altered mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which in turn releases cytochrome c (cyt-c), leading to apoptosis. This subsequently leads to a vicious cycle of impaired clearance by the body's antioxidant system, impaired transcription and protein synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which is responsible for encoding mitochondrial proteins, and impaired DNA repair systems, contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction. This paper reviews the dysfunction of mitochondria in the environment of high glucose induced oxidative stress in the DM model, and looks forward to providing a new treatment plan for oxidative stress based on mitochondrial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxia Huang
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| | - Wenxiu Qi
- Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fengmei Lian, ; Xiangyan Li, ; Wenxiu Qi,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
John A, Howarth FC, Raza H. Exercise alleviates diabetic complications by inhibiting oxidative stress-mediated signaling cascade and mitochondrial metabolic stress in GK diabetic rat tissues. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1052608. [PMID: 36531176 PMCID: PMC9751475 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1052608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes, obesity (referred to as "diabesity"), and metabolic syndrome associated with increased insulin resistance and/or decreased insulin sensitivity have been implicated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and alterations in energy metabolism. The precise molecular mechanisms of these complications, however, remain to be clarified. Owing to the limitations and off-target side effects of antidiabetic drugs, exercise-induced control of hyperglycemia and increased insulin sensitivity is a preferred strategy to manage "diabesity" associated complications. In this study, we have investigated the effects of moderate exercise (1 h/day, 5 days a week for 60 days) on mitochondrial, metabolic, and oxidative stress-related changes in the liver and kidney of type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Our previous study, using the same exercise regimen, demonstrated improved energy metabolism and mitochondrial function in the pancreas of GK diabetic rats. Our current study demonstrates exercise-induced inhibition of ROS production and NADPH oxidase enzyme activity, as well as lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in the liver and kidney of GK rats. Interestingly, glutathione (GSH) content and GSH-peroxidase and GSH reductase enzymes as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were profoundly altered in diabetic rat tissues. Exercise helped in restoring the altered GSH metabolism and antioxidant homeostasis. An increase in cytosolic glycolytic enzyme, hexokinase, and a decrease in mitochondrial Kreb's cycle enzyme was observed in GK diabetic rat tissues. Exercise helped restore the altered energy metabolism. A significant decrease in the activities of mitochondrial complexes and ATP content was also observed in the GK rats and exercise regulated the activities of the respiratory complexes and improved energy utilization. Activation of cytochrome P450s, CYP 2E1, and CYP 3A4 was observed in the tissues of GK rats, which recovered after exercise. Altered expression of redox-responsive proteins and translocation of transcription factor NFκB-p65, accompanied by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), SIRT-1, Glut-4, and PPAR-γ suggests the induction of antioxidant defense responses and increased energy metabolism in GK diabetic rats after exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie John
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Frank Christopher Howarth
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Haider Raza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates,*Correspondence: Haider Raza,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Z, Wang M, Huang C, Li Y, Gao L, Zhu Y, Ying C, Zhou X. Treadmill exercise training alleviates diabetes-induced depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment by improving hippocampal CA1 neurons injury in db/db mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:84-96. [PMID: 36174874 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of diabetic encephalopathy symptoms such as depressive-like behaviour and cognitive impairment. Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating DM and diabetic complications. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of treadmill exercise training on diabetes-induced depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment in db/db mice. In this study, the mice were divided into three groups (n=10 per group) as follows: healthy-sedentary (db/m), diabetes-sedentary (db/db), and diabetes-treadmill exercise training (db/db-TET). The db/db-TET mice were performed five days per week at a speed of 8m/min for 60min/day for 8 weeks, following which body weight, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, behavioral, synaptic ultrastructure, oxidative stress, apoptotic signaling, and inflammatory responses were evaluated. As a result, treadmill exercise training significantly decreased body weight and fasting blood glucose levels, increased insulin sensitivity, protected synaptic ultrastructure, reduced depression-like behavior, and improved learning and memory deficits in db/db mice. In addition, treadmill exercise training significantly suppressed NOX2-mediated oxidative stress, resulting in a decrease in NOX2-dependent ROS generation in the db/db mouse hippocampus CA1 region. Reduced ROS generation prevented the apoptotic signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, thereby ameliorating hippocampus neuronal damage. In summary, the results indicated that treadmill exercise training significantly ameliorates hippocampus injury by suppressing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, consequently ameliorating diabetes-induced depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment in db/db mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China; Department of Pain, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang, 222000, P.R.China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China
| | - Yan Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China
| | - Yandong Zhu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China
| | - Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R.China.
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, P.R.China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cardioprotective Signaling Pathways in Obese Mice Submitted to Regular Exercise: Effect on Oxysterols. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810840. [PMID: 36142751 PMCID: PMC9501447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise induces cardioprotection against myocardial infarction, despite obesity, by restoring pro-survival pathways and increasing resistance of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening at reperfusion. Among the mechanisms involved in the inactivation of these pathways, oxysterols appear interesting. Thus, we investigated the influence of regular exercise on the reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) pathway, oxysterols, and mitochondria, in the absence of ischemia-reperfusion. We also studied 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7βOH) concentration (mass spectrometry) in human lean and obese subjects. Wild-type (WT) and obese (ob/ob) mice were assigned to sedentary conditions or regular treadmill exercise. Exercise significantly increased Akt phosphorylation, whereas 7βOH concentration was reduced. Moreover, exercise induced the translocation of PKCε from the cytosol to mitochondria. However, exercise did not affect the calcium concentration required to open mPTP in the mitochondria, neither in WT nor in ob/ob animals. Finally, human plasma 7βOH concentration was consistent with observations made in mice. In conclusion, regular exercise enhanced the RISK pathway by increasing kinase phosphorylation and PKCε translocation and decreasing 7βOH concentration. This activation needs the combination with stress conditions, i.e., ischemia-reperfusion, in order to inhibit mPTP opening at the onset of reperfusion. The human findings suggest 7βOH as a candidate marker for evaluating cardiovascular risk factors in obesity.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhou Z, Ying C, Zhou X, Shi Y, Xu J, Zhu Y, Wang M, Li Y, Li X, Xiang J. Aerobic exercise training alleviates renal injury in db/db mice through inhibiting Nox4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Exp Gerontol 2022; 168:111934. [PMID: 36007721 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, with few therapeutic options available to slow its progression. Aerobic exercise training is an effective strategy for diabetes mellitus and its complications' prevention and treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic exercise training on diabetic kidney injury in db/db mice and to characterize the mechanism underlying the renal protective effects. The db/db mice were exercised 5 days a week for 60 min each day for 8 weeks at a speed of 5.6 m/min, after which renal function, morphology, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and the expression of the Nox4/ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway-related protein were assessed. Our results showed that aerobic exercise training significantly reduced body weight and microalbuminuria, improved renal function, and attenuated renal pathological changes in db/db mice independent of hyperglycemic state. Aerobic exercise training was also found to significantly improve oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys of db/db mice by decreasing the activity of complex I, the levels of MDA, 8-OHdG, Nox4, ROS, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-18, increasing the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, the expression of klotho and NPHS2, and decreasing the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα, as well as the expression of NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 p20, and IL-1β. Additionally, aerobic exercise training decreased TGF-β, collagen I, collagen IV, and α-SMA expression, thereby slowing the progression of kidney fibrosis in db/db mice. In conclusion, aerobic exercise training effectively reduces oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis by modulating the Nox4/ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway, implying that aerobic exercise training has significant potential to protect diabetic kidney injury and should be given more emphasis in DKD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhou
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Department of Pain, Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lianyungang 222000, PR China
| | - Changjiang Ying
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhou
- Laboratory of Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Yandong Zhu
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Sports Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222002, PR China
| | - Jie Xiang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, PR China; Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fu S, Zhou Y, Hu C, Xu Z, Hou J. Network pharmacology and molecular docking technology-based predictive study of the active ingredients and potential targets of rhubarb for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:210. [PMID: 35932042 PMCID: PMC9356435 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03662-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal failure. Rhubarb is a widely used traditional Chinese herb, and it has exhibited efficacy in reducing proteinuria, lowering blood sugar levels and improving kidney function in patients with DN. However, the exact pharmacological mechanism by rhubarb improves DN remain unclear due to the complexity of its ingredients. Hence, we systematically explored the underlying mechanisms of rhubarb in the treatment of DN. We adopted a network pharmacology approach, focusing on the identification of active ingredients, drug target prediction, gene collection, Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment. Molecular docking technology was used to verify the binding ability between the main active compounds and central therapeutic targets, and screen out the core active ingredients in rhubarb for the treatment of DN. Finally, molecular dynamics simulation was performed for the optimal core protein-ligand obtained by molecular docking using GROMACS software. The network analysis identified 16 active compounds in rhubarb that were linked to 37 possible therapeutic targets related to DN. Through protein-protein interaction analysis, TP53, CASP8, CASP3, MYC, JUN and PTGS2 were identified as the key therapeutic targets. By validation of molecular docking, finding that the central therapeutic targets have good affinities with the main active compounds of rhubarb, and rhein, beta-sitosterol and aloe-emodin were identified as the core active ingredients in rhubarb for the treatment of DN. Results from molecular dynamics simulations showed that TP53 and aloe-emodin bound very stably with a binding free energy of - 26.98 kcal/mol between the two. The results of the gene enrichment analysis revealed that the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, p53 signalling pathway, AGE-RAGE signalling pathway and MAPK signalling pathway might be the key pathways for the treatment of DN, and these pathways were involved in podocyte apoptosis, glomerular mesangial cell proliferation, inflammation and renal fibrosis. Based on the network pharmacology approach and molecular docking technology, we successfully predicted the active compounds and their respective targets. In addition, we illustrated the molecular mechanisms that mediate the therapeutic effects of rhubarb against DN. These findings provided an important scientific basis for further research of the mechanism of rhubarb in the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Fu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yena Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Cong Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Jie Hou
- Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Podvigina TT, Yarushkina NI, Filaretova LP. Effects of Running on the Development of Diabetes and Diabetes-Induced Complications. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
12
|
Wang XH, Mitch WE, Price SR. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to muscle loss in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:138-152. [PMID: 34750550 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle proteins is a deleterious consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that causes a decrease in muscle strength and function, and can lead to a reduction in quality of life and increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The effectiveness of current treatment strategies in preventing or reversing muscle protein losses is limited. The limitations largely stem from the systemic nature of diseases such as CKD, which stimulate skeletal muscle protein degradation pathways while simultaneously activating mechanisms that impair muscle protein synthesis and repair. Stimuli that initiate muscle protein loss include metabolic acidosis, insulin and IGF1 resistance, changes in hormones, cytokines, inflammatory processes and decreased appetite. A growing body of evidence suggests that signalling molecules secreted from muscle can enter the circulation and subsequently interact with recipient organs, including the kidneys, while conversely, pathological events in the kidney can adversely influence protein metabolism in skeletal muscle, demonstrating the existence of crosstalk between kidney and muscle. Together, these signals, whether direct or indirect, induce changes in the levels of regulatory and effector proteins via alterations in mRNAs, microRNAs and chromatin epigenetic responses. Advances in our understanding of the signals and processes that mediate muscle loss in CKD and other muscle wasting conditions will support the future development of therapeutic strategies to reduce muscle loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan H Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - William E Mitch
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - S Russ Price
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Exercise Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Fatty Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111754. [PMID: 34829625 PMCID: PMC8614720 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle improvement, including through exercise, has been recognized as an important mode of therapy for the suppression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial effects in the suppression of DKD have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigate the effects of treadmill exercise training (TET) for 8 weeks (13 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) on kidney injuries of type 2 diabetic male rats with obesity (Wistar fatty (fa/fa) rats: WFRs) at 36 weeks of age. TET significantly suppressed the levels of albuminuria and urinary liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), tubulointerstitial fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the kidneys of WFRs. In addition, TET mitigated excessive apoptosis and restored autophagy in the renal cortex, as well as suppressed the development of morphological abnormalities in the mitochondria of proximal tubular cells, which were also accompanied by the restoration of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activity and suppression of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). In conclusion, TET ameliorates diabetes-induced kidney injury in type 2 diabetic fatty rats.
Collapse
|
14
|
Altındağ F, Özdek U. Synergistic effects of sinapic acid and ellagic acid ameliorate streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting apoptosis, DNA damage, and structural deterioration in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S290-S299. [PMID: 34661493 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211040825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a global problem that threatens human health, is an important reason for chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the individual and combined effects of SA and EA in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rats. METHODS The groups are as follows: Control, untreated diabetic, diabetic treated with Sinapic acid (SA), diabetic treated with Ellagic acid (EA), diabetic treated with SA and EA, treated with SA, treated with EA, and treated with SA and EA. Total kidney volume, total glomerulus volume, total filtration space volume, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG immunoreactivity, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT), serum urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated by stereological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods. RESULTS The findings of the study showed that total kidney volume, total glomerulus volume, total filtration gap volume, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG immunoreactivity, MDA, serum urea, and creatinine levels significantly increased in the untreated diabetic group compared to the control group. Also, severe mesangial and glomerular enlargement, extracellular matrix accumulation, and glomerular and tubular basal membrane thickness were observed in the tubulointerstitial and glomerular of the diabetic rats. However, individual and combined treatments of SA and EA ameliorated these histological changes. Additionally, decreased GSH and CAT in the untreated diabetic group increased by SA and EA treatment. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that treatment of SA and EA prevent apoptosis and DNA damage and structural changes in STZ-induced DN. However, the combined treatment of SA and EA were more effective than their individual treatments in all parameters except serum urea and creatinine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Altındağ
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, 53000Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - U Özdek
- Van Vocational Higher School of Health Services, 53000Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Su J, Gao C, Xie L, Fan Y, Shen Y, Huang Q, Wang N, Xu Y, Yang N, Gui D. Astragaloside II Ameliorated Podocyte Injury and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:638422. [PMID: 33796024 PMCID: PMC8008105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.638422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside II (AS II), a novel saponin purified from Astragalus membranes, has been reported to modulate the immune response, repair tissue injury, and prevent inflammatory response. However, the protective effects of AS II on podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) have not been investigated yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of AS II on podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in DN. Diabetes was induced with streptozotocin (STZ) by intraperitoneal injection at 55 mg/kg in rats. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into four groups, namely, diabetic rats and diabetic rats treated with losartan (10 mg·kg−1·d−1) or AS II (3.2 and 6.4 mg·kg−1·d−1) for 9 weeks. Normal Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen as nondiabetic control group. Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), biochemical parameters, renal histopathology and podocyte apoptosis, and morphological changes were evaluated. Expressions of mitochondrial dynamics-related and autophagy-related proteins, such as Mfn2, Fis1, P62, and LC3, as well as Nrf2, Keap1, PINK1, and Parkin, were examined by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and real-time PCR, respectively. Our results indicated that AS II ameliorated albuminuria, renal histopathology, and podocyte foot process effacement and podocyte apoptosis in diabetic rats. AS II also partially restored the renal expression of mitochondrial dynamics-related and autophagy-related proteins, including Mfn2, Fis1, P62, and LC3. AS II also increased the expression of PINK1 and Parkin associated with mitophagy in diabetic rats. Moreover, AS II facilitated antioxidative stress ability via increasing Nrf2 expression and decreasing Keap1 protein level. These results suggested that AS II ameliorated podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rats partly through regulation of Nrf2 and PINK1 pathway. These important findings might provide an innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Su
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongting Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xie
- Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilan Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qunwei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Nizhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brun MJ, Song K, Kang B, Lueck C, Chen W, Thatcher K, Gao E, Koch WJ, Lincoln J, Rajan S, Suh J. Constructing and evaluating caspase-activatable adeno-associated virus vector for gene delivery to the injured heart. J Control Release 2020; 328:834-845. [PMID: 33157191 PMCID: PMC7770761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a promising vector for gene therapy, but its broad tropism can be detrimental if the transgene being delivered is harmful when expressed ubiquitously in the body, i.e. in non-target tissues. Delivering the transgene of interest to target cells at levels high enough to be therapeutically effective while maintaining safety by minimizing delivery to off-target cells is a prevalent challenge in the field of gene therapy. We have developed a protease activatable vector (provector) platform based on AAV9 that can be injected systemically to deliver therapeutic transgenes site-specifically to diseased cells by responding to extracellular proteases present at the disease site. The provector platform consists of a peptide insertion into the virus capsid which disrupts the virus' ability to bind to cell surface receptors. This peptide contains a blocking motif (aspartic acid residues) flanked on either side by cleavage sequences that are recognized by certain proteases. Exposure to proteases cleaves the peptides off the capsid, activating or "switching ON" the provector. In response to the activation, the provectors regain their ability to bind and transduce cells. Here, we have designed a provector that is activated by cysteine aspartic proteases (caspases), which have roles in inflammation and apoptosis and thus are elevated at sites of diseases such as heart failure, neurodegenerative diseases, and ischemic stroke. This provector demonstrates a 200-fold reduction in transduction ability in the OFF state compared to AAV9, reducing the virus' ability to transduce off-target healthy tissue. Following exposure to and proteolysis by caspase-3, the provector shows a 95-fold increase in transduction compared to the OFF state. The switchable transduction behavior was found to be a direct result of the peptide insertion ablating the ability of the virus to bind to cells. In vivo studies were conducted to characterize the biodistribution, blood circulation time, neutralizing antibody formation, and targeted delivery ability of the caspase-activatable provector in a model of heart failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell J Brun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Kefan Song
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Byunguk Kang
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Cooper Lueck
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Weitong Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Pediatric Cardiology, Herma Heart Institute, Children's Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3500 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Junghae Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nikbin S, Tajik A, Allahyari P, Matin G, Hoseini Roote SS, Barati E, Ayazi M, Karimi L, Dayani Yazdi F, Javadinejad N, Azarbayjani MA. Aerobic exercise and eugenol supplementation ameliorated liver injury induced by chlorpyrifos via modulation acetylcholinesterase activation and antioxidant defense. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:783-793. [PMID: 32096903 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary metabolize of chlorpyrifos (CPF) is in the liver tissue, which it can cause oxidative damage and apoptosis in liver cells. The use of exercise with antioxidant supplements could have a protective effects in the liver tissue especially by improve mitochondria function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of aerobic exercise and eugenol (Eu) supplementation on destructive effects of CPF in liver tissue. Sixty-four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into eight groups (eight rats in each group). Four experimental groups received intraperitoneal injection of either 3.0 mg/kg body weight CPF in dimethyl sulfoxide for six consecutive weeks. Aerobic exercise was performed 5 days per week over 4 weeks for exercise groups. Finally, the animals were sacrificed for the histomorphometric analysis and biochemical measurement in the liver tissue. The result of this study show that consumption of CPF alone, caused collagen deposition, increased apoptosis, tumor necrosis factor α, malondialdehyde, and decreased catalase, superoxide dismutase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) compared to control and exercise groups (healthy groups) in liver tissue (P ˂ .05). Prescription of exercises and Eu supplements in CPF consumer groups, neutralized this destructive effects of CPF. However, concomitant administration of Eu with exercise had better effects on liver tissue (P ˂ .05). It seems that consumption of Eu with aerobic exercise have a protective role in tissue destruction, inflammatory damage by improving antioxidant defense and modulating AChE activity in hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nikbin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Tajik
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Allahyari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Matin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede S Hoseini Roote
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Barati
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehras Ayazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Karimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dayani Yazdi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nassrin Javadinejad
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad A Azarbayjani
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Everaert I, He J, Hanssens M, Stautemas J, Bakker K, Albrecht T, Zhang S, Van der Stede T, Vanhove K, Hoetker D, Howsam M, Tessier FJ, Yard B, Baba SP, Baelde HJ, Derave W. Carnosinase-1 overexpression, but not aerobic exercise training, affects the development of diabetic nephropathy in BTBR ob/ob mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F1030-F1040. [PMID: 32150446 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00329.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of circulating histidine-containing dipeptides (HCD) has been shown to affect the development of diabetes and early-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such interventions, which potentially alter levels of circulating HCD, also affect the development of advanced-stage DN. Two interventions, aerobic exercise training and overexpression of the human carnosinase-1 (hCN1) enzyme, were tested. BTBR ob/ob mice were either subjected to aerobic exercise training (20 wk) or genetically manipulated to overexpress hCN1, and different diabetes- and DN-related markers were compared with control ob/ob and healthy (wild-type) mice. An acute exercise study was performed to elucidate the effect of obesity, acute running, and hCN1 overexpression on plasma HCD levels. Chronic aerobic exercise training did not affect the development of diabetes or DN, but hCN1 overexpression accelerated hyperlipidemia and aggravated the development of albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and glomerular hypertrophy of ob/ob mice. In line, plasma, kidney, and muscle HCD were markedly lower in ob/ob versus wild-type mice, and plasma and kidney HCD in particular were lower in ob/ob hCN1 versus ob/ob mice but were unaffected by aerobic exercise. In conclusion, advanced glomerular damage is accelerated in mice overexpressing the hCN1 enzyme but not protected by chronic exercise training. Interestingly, we showed, for the first time, that the development of DN is closely linked to renal HCD availability. Further research will have to elucidate whether the stimulation of renal HCD levels can be a therapeutic strategy to reduce the risk for developing DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Everaert
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junling He
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Hanssens
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim Bakker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Albrecht
- Fifth Medical Department, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Fifth Medical Department, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Kenneth Vanhove
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael Howsam
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric J Tessier
- Inserm, CHU Lille, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Benito Yard
- Fifth Medical Department, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shahid P Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Hans J Baelde
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport and Glucose Metabolism by Exercise Training. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102432. [PMID: 31614762 PMCID: PMC6835691 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
Collapse
|
20
|
Glutathione and Nitric Oxide: Key Team Players in Use and Disuse of Skeletal Muscle. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102318. [PMID: 31575008 PMCID: PMC6836164 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the main non-enzymatic antioxidant playing an important role in detoxification, signal transduction by modulation of protein thiols redox status and direct scavenging of radicals. The latter function is not only performed against reactive oxygen species (ROS) but GSH also has a fundamental role in buffering nitric oxide (NO), a physiologically-produced molecule having-multifaceted functions. The efficient rate of GSH synthesis and high levels of GSH-dependent enzymes are characteristic features of healthy skeletal muscle where, besides the canonical functions, it is also involved in muscle contraction regulation. Moreover, NO production in skeletal muscle is a direct consequence of contractile activity and influences several metabolic myocyte pathways under both physiological and pathological conditions. In this review, we will consider the homeostasis and intersection of GSH with NO and then we will restrict the discussion on their role in processes related to skeletal muscle function and degeneration.
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu HW, Kao HH, Wu CH. Exercise training upregulates SIRT1 to attenuate inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in kidney and liver of diabetic db/db mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2019; 16:22. [PMID: 30988688 PMCID: PMC6446356 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-019-0349-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation may eventually cause tissue damage in obesity-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. The effects of SIRT1 on integration of metabolism and inflammation may provide a therapeutic target for treatment of obesity-related diseases. We examined the underlying mechanism of moderate intensity aerobic exercise on kidney and liver in obese diabetic db/db mice, mainly focusing on inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Methods Functional and morphological alterations and metabolic and inflammatory signaling were examined in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with or without exercise training (5.2 m/min, 1 h/day, and 5 days/week for a total of 8 weeks). Results Exercise training prevented weight gain in db/db + Ex mice, but it did not reduce glucose and insulin levels. Exercise lowered serum creatinine, urea, and triglyceride levels and hepatic AST and ALT activity in db/db + Ex mice. Reduced kidney size and morphological alterations including decreased glomerular cross-sectional area and hepatic macrovesicles were observed in db/db + Ex mice compared with untrained db/db mice. Mechanistically, preventing loss of SIRT1 through exercise was linked to reduced acetylation of NF-κB in kidney and liver of db/db + Ex mice. Exercise increased citrate synthase and mitochondrial complex I activity, subunits of mitochondrial complexes (I, II, and V) and PGC1α at protein level in kidney of db/db + Ex mice compared with non-exercise db/db mice. Changes in enzyme activity and subunits of mitochondrial complexes were not observed in liver among three groups. Conclusion Exercise-induced upregulation of SIRT1 attenuates inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, thereby alleviating the progression of diabetic nephropathy and hepatic steatosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Han Kao
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hang Wu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Rd, Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Broderick TL, Sennott JM, Gutkowska J, Jankowski M. Anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects of exercise training in cardiac muscle of diabetic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2019; 12:565-573. [PMID: 31118719 PMCID: PMC6499146 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s197127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Improved glycemic control and cardiovascular function are major benefits of regular exercise training (ET) in type 2 diabetes. Recent work has demonstrated that ET improves cardiac and vascular functions independent of obesity, inflammation, and glucose control in the diabetic db/db mouse. In this study, we determined whether ET can overcome the effects of elevated inflammatory cytokines and hyperglycemia on markers of cardiac angiogenesis and inflammation in the diabetic mouse. Methods: Male diabetic db/db mice were assigned to a sedentary and exercise-trained group. Sedentary lean control littermates were used as controls. ET was performed at moderate intensity on a treadmill 5 days a week for a period of 8 weeks. After ET, blood was collected for assay of glucose, hemoglobin (HB and HB1AC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and IL-6. Markers of inflammation and insulin resistance (IL-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and angiogenesis (endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS], vascular endothelial growth factor-A [VEGF-A], and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α [HIF-1α]) were measured in hearts. Results: Diabetic db/db mice remained obese and hyperglycemic after ET. Percent total HB and HB1AC were significantly higher in ET db/db mice compared to sedentary db/db mice, indicating further deterioration of glucose control with ET. Plasma levels of CRP and IL-6 were higher in sedentary db/db mice compared to control mice and were unaffected by ET. However, in the presence of hyperglycemia and elevated plasma cytokines, protein expression of eNOS, mRNA expression of VEGF-A, and HIF-1α was increased in db/db hearts after ET. On the other hand, protein expression of TNF-α and mRNA expression IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly decreased by ET in hearts of db/db mice. Conclusion: Our results indicate that ET improves cardiac markers of angiogenesis, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction in the db/db mouse. This was observed independently of obesity, hyperglycemia, and the systemic inflammatory state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Correspondence: Tom L BroderickLaboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59 Avenue, Glendale, AZ85308, USATel +1 623 572 3664Fax +1 623 572 3673Email
| | - Jacqueline M Sennott
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Education H23, Saint-Joseph Mercy Health System, Pontiac, MI, USA
| | - Jolanta Gutkowska
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM (7-134), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marek Jankowski
- Cardiovascular Biochemistry Laboratory, CRCHUM (7-134), Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu HW, Chang SJ. Moderate Exercise Suppresses NF-κB Signaling and Activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α Axis to Attenuate Muscle Loss in Diabetic db/db Mice. Front Physiol 2018; 9:636. [PMID: 29896118 PMCID: PMC5987703 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The clear mechanism of moderate exercise training (Ex) in attenuating muscle loss remains elusive in diabetes. We investigated the effects of moderate exercise training on diabetes-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Skeletal muscle size and atrophy signaling pathways were examined in type 2 diabetic db/db mice with or without moderate exercise training (5.2 m/min, 1 h/day, and 5 days/week for a total of 8 weeks). Exercise training decreased serum leptin, MCP-1, and resistin levels in db/db+Ex mice, but it did not reduce symptoms of insulin resistance including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. Moderate exercise training prevented the loss of muscle mass of tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles in db/db+Ex mice. The average cross-sectional area of tibialis anterior muscle was increased significantly in db/db+Ex mice compared with untrained mice (830.6 vs. 676.5 μm2). Inhibition of MuRF-1 and K48-linked polyubiquitination was observed in db/db+Ex mice. Exercise training reduced activation of IκBα/NF-κB pathway and lowered IL-6, TNFα, F4/80 (macrophage marker) at mRNA level in db/db+Ex mice compared with untrained mice. Exercise training did not influence FoxO3a phosphorylation and its upstream regulator Akt. Exercise training increased SIRT1 and PGC1α expression and AMPKα and mitochondrial complex IV activities and upregulated genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis/function including Nrf1, Tfam, and mitochondrial complexes I-V. In conclusion, moderate exercise training inhibits NFκB signaling and activates SIRT1-AMPKα-PGC1α axis, thereby attenuating type 2 diabetes-related muscle atrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sue-Joan Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Globally, diabetes is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease and death. Despite this burden, the factors that precipitate the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remain to be fully elucidated. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with kidney disease in nondiabetic contexts, and increasing evidence suggests that dysfunctional renal mitochondria are pathological mediators of DKD. These complex organelles have a broad range of functions, including the generation of ATP. The kidneys are mitochondrially rich, highly metabolic organs that require vast amounts of ATP for their normal function. The delivery of metabolic substrates for ATP production, such as fatty acids and oxygen, is altered by diabetes. Changes in metabolic fuel sources in diabetes to meet ATP demands result in increased oxygen consumption, which contributes to renal hypoxia. Inherited factors including mutations in genes that impact mitochondrial function and/or substrate delivery may also be important risk factors for DKD. Hence, we postulate that the diabetic milieu and inherited factors that underlie abnormalities in mitochondrial function synergistically drive the development and progression of DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Forbes
- Glycation and Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Mater Clinical School, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David R Thorburn
- Departments of Medicine and Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gharibi F, Soltani N, Maleki M, Talebi A, Nasiri M, Shirdavani S, Nematbakhsh M. The Protective Effect of L-arginine in Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats. Adv Biomed Res 2017; 6:100. [PMID: 28900611 PMCID: PMC5583628 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.212928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cisplatin (CP) is accompanied with a nephrotoxicity. L-arginine (LA) plays an important role in the regulation of renal function. The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of LA supplementation in CP-induced nephrotoxicity in a diabetic rat's model. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult female and male Wistar rats were used and they received a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg i.p.). Diabetic female and male rats were arranged as groups 1–5 and groups 6–10, respectively. Groups 1 and 6 (LA groups) received LA alone. Groups 2 and 7 (CP groups) received CP alone. Groups 3 and 8 (CP + LA [PT] groups) received LA as prophylaxis and then treated with LA and CP. Groups 4 and 9 (CP + LA [T] groups) were treated with LA and CP simultaneously. Groups 5 and 10 (CP + LA [P] groups) received LA as prophylaxis and then treated with CP. Results: The serum creatinine (Cr) level of males in Groups 8 and 9 was significantly increased when compared with LA and CP (P < 0.05), whereas no differences were observed in Cr level in female groups. Blood urea nitrogen/Cr ratio and kidney weight were reduced in all CP-receiving male rats. Such observation was not seen in female rats. Different results related to weight loss were obtained between male and female animals. The kidney tissue damage score in CP + LA (PT) male group was significantly greater than CP group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that administration of LA in female and male rats has no protective effect on the severity of nephrotoxicity induced by CP in diabetic rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gharibi
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Talebi
- Clinical Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nasiri
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Soheyla Shirdavani
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nematbakhsh
- Water and Electrolytes Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Isfahan MN Institute of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zou HH, Yang PP, Huang TL, Zheng XX, Xu GS. PLK2 Plays an Essential Role in High D-Glucose-Induced Apoptosis, ROS Generation and Inflammation in Podocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4261. [PMID: 28655909 PMCID: PMC5487358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of hyperglycemia. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic intervention for DKD. In this study, we sought to provide a set of gene profile in diabetic kidneys. We identified 338 genes altered in diabetes-induced DKD glomeruli, and PLK2 exhibited the most dramatic change. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated multiple signaling pathways are involved DKD pathogenesis. Here, we investigated whether PLK2 contributes to podocyte dysfunction, a characteristic change in the development of DKD. High D-glucose (HDG) significantly increased PLK2 expression in mouse podocytes. Suppressing PLK2 attenuated HDG-induced apoptosis and inflammatory responses both in vitro and in vivo. NAC, an antioxidant reagent, rescued HDG and PLK2 overexpression-induced kidney injuries. In summary, we demonstrated that silencing PLK2 attenuates HDG-induced podocyte apoptosis and inflammation, which may serve as a future therapeutic target in DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hong Zou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ping Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lun Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zheng
- Department of Medicine, the George Washington University, Washington, DC20052, USA
| | - Gao-Si Xu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gharebaghi A, Amiri I, Salehi I, Shahidi S, Komaki A, Mehdizadeh M, Moravej FG, Asl SS. Treadmill exercise attenuates 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine-induced memory impairment through a decrease apoptosis in male rat hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:2448-2455. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Gharebaghi
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Iraj Amiri
- Endometrium and Endometriosis Research Center; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Siamak Shahidi
- Neurophysiology Research Center; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Mehdi Mehdizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center; Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ghasemi Moravej
- Anatomy Department; School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| | - Sara Soleimani Asl
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
- Anatomy Department; School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences; Hamadan Iran
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
El Bilbeisi AH, Hosseini S, Djafarian K. The Association between Physical Activity and the Metabolic Syndrome among Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Ethiop J Health Sci 2017; 27:273-282. [PMID: 29217926 PMCID: PMC5614998 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v27i3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a major health problem worldwide. Globally, the World Health Organization identified physical inactivity as the fourth leading risk factor for mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the association between physical activities and metabolic syndrome and diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1200 previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (from both genders, aged 20 to 64 years) receiving care in the primary health care centers. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the International Diabetes Federation criteria. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS A significant inverse association was found between inactive patients and metabolic syndrome. In our study, 93.7% of inactive patients, 66.4% of active patients and 23.5% of very active patients had metabolic syndrome (OR .048 CI 95% (.03-.072)), (OR .787 CI 95% (.59-1.03)) and (OR 15.9 CI 95% (11.8-21.3)) respectively. Our results showed a significant inverse association between physical activity levels and anthropometric measurements in both gender. Moreover, a significant association was found between physical activity levels and triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and blood pressure in both sexes (P value < 0.05 for all) and diabetes complications (P value < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSION We conclude that low levels of physical activity are associated with increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, inactive patients had a high percentage of diabetes complications among type 2 diabetes patients in Gaza Strip, Palestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS- IC), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pandey A, Gaikwad AB. Compound 21 and Telmisartan combination mitigates type 2 diabetic nephropathy through amelioration of caspase mediated apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:827-833. [PMID: 28456626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to understand the role of novel, highly selective, orally active, non-peptide Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist, Compound 21 and its potential additive effect with Telmisartan on apoptosis and underlying posttranslational modifications in a non-genetic murine model for type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN). An experimental model for T2DN was developed by administering low dose Streptozotocin in high fat diet fed male Wistar rats, followed by their treatment with Telmisartan, C21 or their combination. Our results demonstrated that C21 and Telmisartan combination attenuated metabolic and renal dysfunction, renal morphological and micro-architectural aberrations and hemodynamic disturbances in type 2 diabetic rats. The anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Telmisartan were significantly accentuated by C21 indicated by expression of apoptotic markers (Parp1, Caspase 8, Caspase 7, cleaved PARP and cleaved Caspase 3) and NF-κB mediated inflammatory molecules like interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor alpha; monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. C21 was found to improve Telmisartan mediated reversal of histone H3 acetylation at lysine 14 and 27 and expression of histone acetyl transferase, p300/CBP-associated factor also known to regulate NF-κB activity and DNA damage response. C21 in combination with Telmisartan markedly mitigates caspase mediated apoptosis and NF-κB signalling in T2D kidney, which could be partially attributed to its influence on PCAF mediated histone H3 acetylation. Hence further research should be done to develop this combination to treat T2DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Pandey
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Andrade EF, Lima ARV, Nunes IE, Orlando DR, Gondim PN, Zangeronimo MG, Alves FHF, Pereira LJ. Exercise and Beta-Glucan Consumption (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Improve the Metabolic Profile and Reduce the Atherogenic Index in Type 2 Diabetic Rats (HFD/STZ). Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8120792. [PMID: 27999319 PMCID: PMC5188447 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity and the ingestion of dietary fiber are non-drug alternatives commonly used as adjuvants to glycemic control in diabetic individuals. Among these fibers, we can highlight beta-glucans. However, few studies have compared isolated and synergic effects of physical exercise and beta-glucan ingestion, especially in type 2 diabetic rats. Therefore, we evaluated the effects beta-glucan (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) consumption, associated or not to exercise, on metabolic parameters of diabetic Wistar rats. The diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) associated with a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ-35 mg/kg). Trained groups were submitted to eight weeks of exercise in aquatic environment. In the last 28 days of experiment, animals received 30 mg/kg/day of beta-glucan by gavage. Isolated use of beta-glucan decreased glucose levels in fasting, Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglycerides (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), the atherogenic index of plasma. Exercise alone also decreased blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and renal lesions. An additive effect for reducing the atherogenic index of plasma and renal lesions was observed when both treatments were combined. It was concluded that both beta-glucan and exercise improved metabolic parameters in type 2 (HFD/STZ) diabetic rats.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/diagnosis
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetic Angiopathies/blood
- Diabetic Angiopathies/diagnosis
- Diabetic Angiopathies/etiology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/prevention & control
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
- Dietary Supplements
- Exercise Therapy
- Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Rats, Wistar
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
- Streptozocin
- beta-Glucans/administration & dosage
- beta-Glucans/isolation & purification
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Francelino Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Mail Box 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Ingrid Edwiges Nunes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Mail Box 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | - Débora Ribeiro Orlando
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Rua Vereador João Narciso, 1380-Bairro Cachoeira, Unaí 3861-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula Novato Gondim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Lavras, Mail Box 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Luciano José Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, Mail Box 3037, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dutra Gonçalves G, Antunes Vieira N, Rodrigues Vieira H, Dias Valério A, Elóisa Munhoz de Lion Siervo G, Fernanda Felipe Pinheiro P, Eduardo Martinez F, Alessandra Guarnier F, Rampazzo Teixeira G, Scantamburlo Alves Fernandes G. Role of resistance physical exercise in preventing testicular damage caused by chronic ethanol consumption in UChB rats. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 80:378-386. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gessica Dutra Gonçalves
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Nichelle Antunes Vieira
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Henrique Rodrigues Vieira
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Aline Dias Valério
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Gláucia Elóisa Munhoz de Lion Siervo
- Department of General Biology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy; Biosciences Institute, University Paulista, Presidente Prudente (UNESP); Botucatu São Paulo 18618-000 Brazil
| | - Flávia Alessandra Guarnier
- Department of General Pathology; Biological Sciences Center, State University of Londrina - UEL; Londrina Paraná 86057-970 Brazil
| | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education; Center of Science and Technology, University Paulista, Presidente Prudente (UNESP), Educational Center; 305 Presidente Prudente São Paulo 19060-080 Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Uncoupling of Vascular Nitric Oxide Synthase Caused by Intermittent Hypoxia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2354870. [PMID: 27840666 PMCID: PMC5093285 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2354870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is often present in diabetic (DB) patients. Both conditions are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that diabetic endothelial dysfunction is further compromised by CIH. Methods. Adult male diabetic (BKS.Cg-Dock7m +/+ Leprdb/J) (db/db) mice (10 weeks old) and their heterozygote littermates were subjected to CIH or intermittent air (IA) for 8 weeks. Mice were separated into 4 groups: IA (intermittent air nondiabetic), IH (intermittent hypoxia nondiabetic), IADB (intermittent air diabetic), and IHDB (intermittent hypoxia diabetic) groups. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxation and modulation by basal nitric oxide (NO) were analyzed using wire myograph. Plasma 8-isoprostane, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured using ELISA. Uncoupling of eNOS was measured using dihydroethidium (DHE) staining. Results. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation and basal NO production were significantly impaired in the IH and IADB group compared to IA group but was more pronounced in IHDB group. Levels of 8-isoprostane, IL-6, ADMA, and eNOS uncoupling were ≈2-fold higher in IH and IADB groups and were further increased in the IHDB group. Conclusion. Endothelial dysfunction is more pronounced in diabetic mice subjected to CIH compared to diabetic or CIH mice alone. Oxidative stress, ADMA, and eNOS uncoupling were exacerbated by CIH in diabetic mice.
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen BL, Sheu ML, Tsai KS, Lan KC, Guan SS, Wu CT, Chen LP, Hung KY, Huang JW, Chiang CK, Liu SH. CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein Homologous Protein Deficiency Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:1233-45. [PMID: 25178318 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of acute renal failure. The mechanisms of I/R injury include endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) is involved in the ER stress signaling pathways. CHOP is a transcription factor and a major mediator of ER stress-induced apoptosis. However, the role of CHOP in renal I/R injury is still undefined. Here, we investigated whether CHOP could regulate I/R-induced renal injury using CHOP-knockout mice and cultured renal tubular cells as models. RESULTS In CHOP-knockout mice, loss of renal function induced by I/R was prevented. Renal proximal tubule damage was induced by I/R in wild-type mice; however, the degree of alteration was significantly less in CHOP-knockout mice. CHOP deficiency also decreased the I/R-induced activation of caspase-3 and -8, apoptosis, and lipid peroxidation, whereas the activity of endogenous antioxidants increased. In an in vitro I/R model, small interfering RNA targeting CHOP significantly reversed increases in H2O2 formation, inflammatory signals, and apoptotic signals, while enhancing the activity of endogenous antioxidants in renal tubular cells. INNOVATION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which demonstrates that CHOP deficiency attenuates oxidative stress and I/R-induced acute renal injury both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that CHOP regulates not only apoptosis-related signaling but also ROS formation and inflammation in renal tubular cells during I/R. CHOP may play an important role in the pathophysiology of I/R-induced renal injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Lin Chen
- 1 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei Ling Sheu
- 2 Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Keh Sung Tsai
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo Cheng Lan
- 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao Syun Guan
- 1 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Tien Wu
- 1 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Ping Chen
- 5 Department of Dentistry, Taipei Chang Gang Memorial Hospital, Chang Gang University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Yu Hung
- 6 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq Wen Huang
- 6 Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih Kang Chiang
- 1 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,7 Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing Hwa Liu
- 1 Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan .,8 Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University , Taichung, Taiwan .,9 Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaur R, Sodhi RK, Aggarwal N, Kaur J, Jain UK. Renoprotective effect of lansoprazole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 389:73-85. [PMID: 26475618 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have exhibited glucose lowering action in animal models of diabetes; however, their potential in diabetes-related complications has not yet been evaluated. Hence, the present study has been undertaken to investigate the renoprotective potential of lansoprazole in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in wistar rats. Diabetic nephropathy was induced with a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg, i.p.). Lansoprazole (40 mg/kg; 80 mg/kg, p.o.; 4 weeks) was administered to diabetic rats after 4 weeks of STZ treatment. A battery of biochemical tests such as serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, albumin, and kidney weight/body weight (%) ratio were performed to evaluate the renal functions. Oxidative stress was determined by estimating renal thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. Lipid profile was assessed by determining serum cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The STZ-treated rats demonstrated deleterious alterations in kidney functions, enhanced oxidative stress, and disturbed lipid profile. Administration of lansoprazole to diabetic rats significantly reduced serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, BUN, creatinine, albumin levels, and oxidative stress. Serum lipids like TC and TG were decreased, and HDL was enhanced in lansoprazole-treated STZ rats. The findings of our study indicate that renoprotective effects of lansoprazole may be attributed to its glucose-lowering, lipid-lowering, and antioxidative potential.
Collapse
|
35
|
Guimarães-Souza NK, Yamaleyeva LM, Lu B, Ramos ACMDS, Bishop CE, Andersson KE. Superoxide overproduction and kidney fibrosis: a new animal model. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2015; 13:79-88. [PMID: 25993073 PMCID: PMC4977594 DOI: 10.1590/s1679-45082015ao3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish whether the mutation in the Immp2L gene induces renal fibrosis and whether aging exacerbates renal morphology in mice. Methods Female mutant mice with mutation in the inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2-like protein at 3 and 18 months of age were used. Renal fibrosis was analyzed using classic fibrosis score, Masson’s trichrome staining, and analysis of profibrotic markers using real time polymerase chain reaction (superoxide dismutase 1, metalloproteinase-9, erythropoietin, transforming growth factor beta), and immunostaining (fibroblasts and Type IV collagen). Oxidative stress markers were determined by immunohistochemistry. The number of renal apoptotic cells was determined. Renal function was estimated by serum creatinine. Results Young mutant mice had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than age-matched mice (p=0.034). Mutant mice had more tubular casts (p=0.025), collagen deposition (p=0.019), and collagen type IV expression (p<0.001). Superoxide dismutase 1 expression was significantly higher in young mutants (p=0.038). Old mutants exhibited significantly higher expression of the fibroblast marker and macrophage marker (p=0.007 and p=0.012, respectively). The real time polymerase chain reaction of metalloproteinase-9 and erythropoietin were enhanced 2.5- and 6-fold, respectively, in old mutants. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in old mutants (p<0.001). Conclusion This mutation altered renal architecture by increasing the deposition of extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting a protective role of Immp2L against renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baisong Lu
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Metabonomic analysis of potential biomarkers and drug targets involved in diabetic nephropathy mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11998. [PMID: 26149603 PMCID: PMC4493693 DOI: 10.1038/srep11998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the lethal manifestations of diabetic systemic microvascular disease. Elucidation of characteristic metabolic alterations during diabetic progression is critical to understand its pathogenesis and identify potential biomarkers and drug targets involved in the disease. In this study, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR)-based metabonomics with correlative analysis was performed to study the characteristic metabolites, as well as the related pathways in urine and kidney samples of db/db diabetic mice, compared with age-matched wildtype mice. The time trajectory plot of db/db mice revealed alterations, in an age-dependent manner, in urinary metabolic profiles along with progression of renal damage and dysfunction. Age-dependent and correlated metabolite analysis identified that cis-aconitate and allantoin could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of DN. Further correlative analysis revealed that the enzymes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH), guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH I), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMG-CoA lyase) were involved in dimethylamine metabolism, ketogenesis and GTP metabolism pathways, respectively, and could be potential therapeutic targets for DN. Our results highlight that metabonomic analysis can be used as a tool to identify potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of diseases.
Collapse
|
37
|
Neuroprotection of Early Locomotor Exercise Poststroke: Evidence From Animal Studies. Can J Neurol Sci 2015; 42:213-20. [PMID: 26041314 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2015.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early locomotor exercise after stroke has attracted a great deal of attention in clinical and animal research in recent years. A series of animal studies showed that early locomotor exercise poststroke could protect against ischemic brain injury and improve functional outcomes through the promotion of angiogenesis, inhibition of acute inflammatory response and neuron apoptosis, and protection of the blood-brain barrier. However, to date, the clinical application of early locomotor exercise poststroke was limited because some clinicians have little confidence in its effectiveness. Here we review the current progress of early locomotor exercise poststroke in animal models. We hope that a comprehensive awareness of the early locomotor exercise poststroke may help to implement early locomotor exercise more appropriately in treatment for ischemic stroke.
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo R, Liong EC, So KF, Fung ML, Tipoe GL. Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2015; 14:139-44. [PMID: 25865685 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(15)60355-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol. NAFLD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance. Aerobic exercise is shown to improve NAFLD. This review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD. DATA SOURCE We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in PubMed. RESULTS The mechanisms of chronic aerobic exercise in regulating the outcome of NAFLD include: (i) reducing intrahepatic fat content by down-regulating sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and up-regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression levels; (ii) decreasing hepatic oxidative stress through modulating the reactive oxygen species, and enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase; (iii) ameliorating hepatic inflammation via the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta; (iv) attenuating mitochondrial dependent apoptosis by reducing cytochrome C released from the mitochondria to the cytosol; and (v) inducing hepato-protective autophagy. CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise, via different mechanisms, significantly decreases the fat content of the liver and improves the outcomes of patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Departments of Anatomy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Oghbaei H, Ahmadi Asl N, Sheikhzadeh F, Alipour MR, Khamaneh AM. The Effect of Regular Moderate Exercise on miRNA-192 Expression Changes in Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Male Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2015; 5:127-32. [PMID: 25789230 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2015.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the regular moderate exercise effect on the miR-192 expression changes in kidney of Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats. METHODS Forty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of 10, including Sedentary Control group, Healthy 60 days Exercise group, diabetic group and Diabetic 60 days Exercise. Diabetes was induced by injection of 60 mg/kg Streptozotocin and after 48 hour blood glucose levels higher than 250 mg/dl were included to diabetic rats. After 48 hour of induction diabetes, exercise protocol was begun. Animals performed 5 days of consecutive treadmill exercise (60 min/day) with 22 m/min speeds for 60 days. Kidney of the rats has removed and MicroRNA was extracted from kidney using miRCURY(TM) RNA isolation kit. RESULTS Exercise upregulated miR-192 expression level significantly in the kidney of diabetic rats in comparison to healthy group. There is not any significant change in miR-192 expression in diabetic 60 days exercise compared to control group. CONCLUSION These results may indicate that exercise can help to prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Oghbaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadi Asl
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farzam Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Amir Mahdi Khamaneh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The concept that excess superoxide production from mitochondria is the driving, initial cellular response underlying diabetes complications has been held for the past decade. However, results of antioxidant-based trials have been largely negative. In the present review, the data supporting mitochondrial superoxide as a driving force for diabetic kidney, nerve, heart, and retinal complications are reexamined, and a new concept for diabetes complications--mitochondrial hormesis--is presented. In this view, production of mitochondrial superoxide can be an indicator of healthy mitochondria and physiologic oxidative phosphorylation. Recent data suggest that in response to excess glucose exposure or nutrient stress, there is a reduction of mitochondrial superoxide, oxidative phosphorylation, and mitochondrial ATP generation in several target tissues of diabetes complications. Persistent reduction of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex activity is associated with the release of oxidants from nonmitochondrial sources and release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and a manifestation of organ dysfunction. Restoration of mitochondrial function and superoxide production via activation of AMPK has now been associated with improvement in markers of renal, cardiovascular, and neuronal dysfunction with diabetes. With this Perspective, approaches that stimulate AMPK and PGC1α via exercise, caloric restriction, and medications result in stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity, restore physiologic mitochondrial superoxide production, and promote organ healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, and Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Diabetes now affects more than 29 million Americans, and more than 9 million of these people do not know they have diabetes. In adults, type 2 diabetes accounts for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes and is the focus of this article. Lifestyle intervention is part of the initial treatment as well as the ongoing management of type 2 diabetes. Lifestyle intervention encompasses a healthful eating plan, physical activity, and often medication to assist in achievement of glucose, lipid, and blood pressure goals. Patient education and self-care practices are also important aspects of disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Evert
- Diabetes Education Programs, Diabetes Care Center, University of Washington Medical Center, 4245 Roosevelt Way Northeast, 3rd Floor, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Michael C Riddell
- Muscle Health Research Center, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Bethune College, York University, 4700 Keele Street, 3rd Floor, Toronto, Ontario M3J1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Obesity in combination with diabetes and hypertension likely is contributing to the increasing incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the 21st century worldwide and requires novel insights and strategies for treatment. There is an increasing recognition that the kidney has an important role in the complex inter-organ communication that occurs with the development of inflammation and fibrosis with obesity. Inhibition of the adiponectin-AMPK pathway has now become established as a critical pathway regulating both inflammation and pro-fibrotic pathways for both obesity-related kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease. AMPK regulates NFκB activation and is a potent regulator of NADPH oxidases. Nox4 in particular has emerged as a key contribtor to the early inflammation of diabetic kidney disease. AMPK also regulates several transcription factors that contribute to stimulation of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) system. Another key aspect of AMPK regulation is its control of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitochondrial biogenesis. Inhibition of PGC-1α, the transcriptional co-activator of mitochondrial biogenesis is being recognized as a key pathway that is inhibited in diabetic kidney disease and may be linked to inhibition of mitochondrial function. Translation of this concept is emerging via the field of urine metabolomics, as several metabolites linked to mitochondria are consistently downregulated in human diabetic kidney disease. Further studies to explore the role of AMPK and related energy-sensing pathways will likely lead to a more comprehensive understanding of why the kidney is affected early on and in a progressive manner with obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim YH, Sung YH, Lee HH, Ko IG, Kim SE, Shin MS, Kim BK. Postnatal treadmill exercise alleviates short-term memory impairment by enhancing cell proliferation and suppressing apoptosis in the hippocampus of rat pups born to diabetic rats. J Exerc Rehabil 2014; 10:209-17. [PMID: 25210695 PMCID: PMC4157927 DOI: 10.12965/jer.140145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, diabetes mellitus exerts detrimental effects on the development of the fetus, especially the central nervous system. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of postnatal treadmill exercise on short-term memory in relation with cell proliferation and apoptosis in the hippocampus of rat pups born to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic maternal rats. Adult female rats were mated with male rats for 24 h. Two weeks after mating, the pregnant female rats were divided into two groups: control group and STZ injection group. The pregnant rats in the STZ injection group were administered 40 mg/kg of STZ intraperitoneally. After birth, the rat pups were divided into the following four groups: control group, control with postnatal exercise group, maternal STZ-injection group, and maternal STZ-injection with postnatal exercise group. The rat pups in the postnatal exercise groups were made to run on a treadmill for 30 min once a day, 5 times per week for 2 weeks beginning 4 weeks after birth. The rat pups born to diabetic rats were shown to have short-term memory impairment with suppressed cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Postnatal treadmill exercise alleviated short-term memory impairment by increased cell proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in the rat pups born to diabetic rats. These findings indicate that postnatal treadmill exercise may be used as a valuable strategy to ameliorate neurodevelopmental problems in children born to diabetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Hoon Kim
- Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Sung
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Natural Science, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Hee-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Sports Science, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Il-Gyu Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Eun Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mal-Soon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Kyun Kim
- KBS Institute of the Sports, Arts and Science, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hanatani S, Izumiya Y, Araki S, Rokutanda T, Kimura Y, Walsh K, Ogawa H. Akt1-mediated fast/glycolytic skeletal muscle growth attenuates renal damage in experimental kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2800-11. [PMID: 25012168 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013091025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle wasting is frequently observed in patients with kidney disease, and low muscle strength is associated with poor outcomes in these patients. However, little is known about the effects of skeletal muscle growth per se on kidney diseases. In this study, we utilized a skeletal muscle-specific, inducible Akt1 transgenic (Akt1 TG) mouse model that promotes the growth of functional skeletal muscle independent of exercise to investigate the effects of muscle growth on kidney diseases. Seven days after Akt1 activation in skeletal muscle, renal injury was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in Akt1 TG and wild-type (WT) control mice. The expression of atrogin-1, an atrophy-inducing gene in skeletal muscle, was upregulated 7 days after UUO in WT mice but not in Akt1 TG mice. UUO-induced renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular injury, apoptosis, and increased expression of inflammatory, fibrosis-related, and adhesion molecule genes were significantly diminished in Akt1 TG mice compared with WT mice. An increase in the activating phosphorylation of eNOS in the kidney accompanied the attenuation of renal damage by myogenic Akt1 activation. Treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME abolished the protective effect of skeletal muscle Akt activation on obstructive kidney disease. In conclusion, Akt1-mediated muscle growth reduces renal damage in a model of obstructive kidney disease. This improvement appears to be mediated by an increase in eNOS signaling in the kidney. Our data support the concept that loss of muscle mass during kidney disease can contribute to renal failure, and maintaining muscle mass may improve clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hanatani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Yasuhiro Izumiya
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Satoshi Araki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Taku Rokutanda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hisao Ogawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; and
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is becoming a worldwide epidemic, driven largely by the dramatic rise in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Novel targets and treatments for CKD are, therefore, desperately needed-to both mitigate the burden of this disease in the general population and reduce the necessity for renal replacement therapy in individual patients. This Review highlights new insights into the mechanisms that contribute to CKD, and approaches that might facilitate the development of disease-arresting therapies for CKD. Particular focus is given to therapeutic approaches using antifibrotic agents that target the transforming growth factor β superfamily. In addition, we discuss new insights regarding the roles of vascular calcification, the NADPH oxidase family, and inflammation in the pathogenesis of CKD. We also highlight a new understanding regarding kidney energy sensing pathways (AMPK, sirtuins, and mTOR) in a variety of kidney diseases and how they are linked to inflammation and fibrosis. Finally, exciting new insights have been made into the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial biogenesis in relation to progressive kidney disease. Prospective therapeutics based on these findings will hopefully renew hope for clinicians and patients in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP603, 808 Route de Lennik, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, University of California, San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Stein Clinical Research Building, 4th Floor, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0711, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Somineni HK, Boivin GP, Elased KM. Daily exercise training protects against albuminuria and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 shedding in db/db diabetic mice. J Endocrinol 2014; 221:235-51. [PMID: 24756098 PMCID: PMC4004628 DOI: 10.1530/joe-13-0532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is involved in induction and progression of renal damage in diabetes. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed in the kidney and has been shown to be renoprotective by degrading Ang II to Ang-(1-7). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17)-mediated shedding of renal ACE2 contribute to diabetic nephropathy pathogenesis. Lifestyle modification and metformin are recommended as initial therapies for most patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exercise training and/or metformin improve glucose homeostasis and albuminuria and downregulate renal ADAM17 and ACE2 shedding in db/db mice. Seven-week-old normal and db/db mice were subjected either to a sedentary existence or exercise training with and without metformin (150 mg/kg per day) for 10 weeks. Exercise training significantly lowered blood glucose, urinary albumin and ACE2 excretion in db/db mice. ADAM17 and ACE2 proteins were co-localized in cortical tubules of the kidney, indicating a possible interaction. Metformin treatment was effective in lowering hyperglycemia only during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Increased renal ADAM17 in 17-week-old db/db mice was corrected by physical exercise but not metformin. In addition, exercise training reduced plasma triglycerides and enhanced insulin levels of db/db mice. In conclusion, exercise training alone and in combination with metformin prevented shedding of renal ACE2 by decreasing ADAM17 protein. Urinary ACE2 could serve as a prognostic tool for the progression of kidney damage and its attenuation by exercise may partially contribute to its renal protection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Albuminuria/metabolism
- Albuminuria/prevention & control
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Diabetes Complications/prevention & control
- Diabetes Complications/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/urine
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/urine
- Exercise Therapy/methods
- Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
- Kidney/metabolism
- Male
- Metformin/therapeutic use
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/urine
- Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
- Protein Transport
- Receptors, Leptin/genetics
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hari K. Somineni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Gregory P. Boivin
- Department of Pathology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45220
| | - Khalid M. Elased
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fujita H, Taniai H, Murayama H, Ohshiro H, Hayashi H, Sato S, Kikuchi N, Komatsu T, Komatsu K, Komatsu K, Narita T, Yamada Y. DPP-4 inhibition with alogliptin on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade ameliorates albuminuria via up-regulation of SDF-1α in type 2 diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy. Endocr J 2014; 61:159-66. [PMID: 24225429 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is a new class of anti-diabetic drug which exerts its glucose-lowering action by suppressing the degradation of a gut incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). To elucidate whether treatment with stronger DPP-4 inhibitor on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) provides greater renal protective effects, we performed a crossover study with two DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and alogliptin, in twelve type 2 diabetic patients with incipient nephropathy taking ARBs. This study consisted of three treatment periods: sitagliptin 50 mg/day for 4 weeks (first period), alogliptin 25 mg/day for 4 weeks (second period), and sitagliptin 50 mg/day for 4 weeks (third period). Significant changes in body mass index, blood pressure, serum lipids, serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HbA1c were not observed among the three treatment periods. Reduced urinary levels of albumin and an oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), increased urinary cAMP levels, and elevated plasma levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) which is a physiological substrate of DPP-4 were observed after the switch from sitagliptin to a stronger DPP-4 inhibitor alogliptin. Given a large body of evidence indicating anti-oxidative action of cAMP and up-regulation of cellular cAMP production by SDF-1α, the present results suggest that more powerful DPP-4 inhibition on top of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade would offer additional protection against early-stage diabetic nephropathy beyond that attributed to glycemic control, via reduction of renal oxidative stress by SDF-1α-cAMP pathway activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujita
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatric Medicine, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Blomster JI, Chow CK, Zoungas S, Woodward M, Patel A, Poulter NR, Marre M, Harrap S, Chalmers J, Hillis GS. The influence of physical activity on vascular complications and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15:1008-12. [PMID: 23675676 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS There is limited evidence regarding the association between physical activity and vascular complications, particularly microvascular disease, in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS From the 11 140 patients in the ADVANCE (Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron modified release Controlled Evaluation) trial, the effect of physical activity, categorized as none, mild, moderate or vigorous, and the number of sessions within a week, was examined in multivariable regression models adjusted for potential confounders. The study end-points were major cardiovascular events, microvascular complications and all-cause mortality. RESULTS Forty-six percent of participants reported undertaking moderate to vigorous physical activity for >15 min at least once in the previous week. During a median of 5 years of follow-up, 1031 patients died, 1147 experienced a major cardiovascular event and 1136 a microvascular event. Compared to patients who undertook no or mild physical activity, those reporting moderate to vigorous activity had a decreased risk of cardiovascular events (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88, p < 0.0001), microvascular events (HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.76-0.96, p = 0.010) and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73-0.94, p = 0.0044). CONCLUSIONS Moderate to vigorous, but not mild, physical activity is associated with a reduced incidence of cardiovascular events, microvascular complications and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J I Blomster
- The George Institute for Global Health and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Vandersluis AD, Venier NA, Colquhoun AJ, Sugar L, Pollak M, Kiss A, Fleshner NE, Klotz LH, Venkateswaran V. Exercise does not counteract the effects of a "westernized" diet on prostate cancer xenografts. Prostate 2013; 73:1223-32. [PMID: 23630020 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationships between diet, exercise, and prostate cancer (PCa) remain unclear. We have previously reported that a "Western" diet promotes PCa tumor growth in vivo. Presently, we report the effects of sustained aerobic exercise on PCa progression in animals fed a high-fat diet versus a standard diet. METHODS Athymic mice (n = 43) were inoculated subcutaneously with human PCa (LNCaP) cells, fed ad libitum with either a high-fat or a standard diet, and randomized into forced exercising and non-exercising groups. Body weight, tumor volume, and food consumption were recorded tri-weekly. Terminal serum samples and tumor biopsies were obtained for analysis. RESULTS Body weight differences were not observed between the groups over time. The high-fat diet with exercise (HF-Ex) group showed significantly increased tumor growth rate compared to all other groups (P < 0.0007). Tumor growth rate of the standard diet with exercise (Std-Ex) group was reduced significantly compared to the high-fat diet without exercise (HF-No Ex) group (P = 0.0008). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.012) were observed in energy consumption (kcal) between the groups over time. Exercising mice consumed significantly more kcal than non-exercising mice, and the HF-Ex group consumed significantly more than each of the other three groups (P < 0.0007). The expression levels of p27 and p21 were increased in exercising animals, while AR expression was elevated in the HF-Ex group versus the Std-Ex and HF-No Ex groups. CONCLUSIONS Sustained aerobic exercise did not counteract the tumor-promotional effect of increased consumption of a high-fat diet, suggesting that diet is more influential in PCa progression than exercise. Combining exercise with a healthy diet reduced the rate of PCa progression in this model. This study may have implications for PCa risk reduction in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avi D Vandersluis
- Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Botta A, Laher I, Beam J, DeCoffe D, Brown K, Halder S, Devlin A, Gibson DL, Ghosh S. Short term exercise induces PGC-1α, ameliorates inflammation and increases mitochondrial membrane proteins but fails to increase respiratory enzymes in aging diabetic hearts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70248. [PMID: 23936397 PMCID: PMC3731348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PGC-1α, a transcriptional coactivator, controls inflammation and mitochondrial gene expression in insulin-sensitive tissues following exercise intervention. However, attributing such effects to PGC-1α is counfounded by exercise-induced fluctuations in blood glucose, insulin or bodyweight in diabetic patients. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of PGC-1α on inflammation and mitochondrial protein expressions in aging db/db mice hearts, independent of changes in glycemic parameters. In 8-month-old db/db mice hearts with diabetes lasting over 22 weeks, short-term, moderate-intensity exercise upregulated PGC-1α without altering body weight or glycemic parameters. Nonetheless, such a regimen lowered both cardiac (macrophage infiltration, iNOS and TNFα) and systemic (circulating chemokines and cytokines) inflammation. Curiously, such an anti-inflammatory effect was also linked to attenuated expression of downstream transcription factors of PGC-1α such as NRF-1 and several respiratory genes. Such mismatch between PGC-1α and its downstream targets was associated with elevated mitochondrial membrane proteins like Tom70 but a concurrent reduction in oxidative phosphorylation protein expressions in exercised db/db hearts. As mitochondrial oxidative stress was predominant in these hearts, in support of our in vivo data, increasing concentrations of H2O2 dose-dependently increased PGC-1α expression while inhibiting expression of inflammatory genes and downstream transcription factors in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in vitro. We conclude that short-term exercise-induced oxidative stress may be key in attenuating cardiac inflammatory genes and impairing PGC-1α mediated gene transcription of downstream transcription factors in type 2 diabetic hearts at an advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Botta
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julianne Beam
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniella DeCoffe
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Swagata Halder
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Devlin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, IK Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|