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Das A, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST. Harnessing the potential of monocytes/macrophages to regenerate tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:839-854. [PMID: 38742656 PMCID: PMC11218695 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free tissue-engineered vascular grafts provide a promising alternative to treat cardiovascular disease, but timely endothelialization is essential for ensuring patency and proper functioning post-implantation. Recent studies from our lab showed that blood cells like monocytes (MCs) and macrophages (Mϕ) may contribute directly to cellularization and regeneration of bioengineered arteries in small and large animal models. While MCs and Mϕ are leucocytes that are part of the innate immune response, they share common developmental origins with endothelial cells (ECs) and are known to play crucial roles during vessel formation (angiogenesis) and vessel repair after inflammation/injury. They are highly plastic cells that polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes upon exposure to cytokines and differentiate into other cell types, including EC-like cells, in the presence of appropriate chemical and mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the developmental origins of MCs and ECs; the role of MCs and Mϕ in vessel repair/regeneration during inflammation/injury; and the role of chemical signalling and mechanical forces in Mϕ inflammation that mediates vascular graft regeneration. We postulate that comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will better inform the development of strategies to coax MCs/Mϕ into endothelializing the lumen and regenerate the smooth muscle layers of cell-free bioengineered arteries and veins that are designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and perhaps the native vasculature as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE) Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 813 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
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2
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Lemmens TP, Bröker V, Rijpkema M, Hughes CCW, Schurgers LJ, Cosemans JMEM. Fundamental considerations for designing endothelialized in vitro models of thrombosis. Thromb Res 2024; 236:179-190. [PMID: 38460307 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Endothelialized in vitro models for cardiovascular disease have contributed greatly to our current understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying thrombosis. To further elucidate these mechanisms, it is important to consider which fundamental aspects to incorporate into an in vitro model. In this review, we will focus on the design of in vitro endothelialized models of thrombosis. Expanding our understanding of the relation and interplay between the different pathways involved will rely in part on complex models that incorporate endothelial cells, blood, the extracellular matrix, and flow. Importantly, the use of tissue-specific endothelial cells will help in understanding the heterogeneity in thrombotic responses between different vascular beds. The dynamic and complex responses of endothelial cells to different shear rates underlines the importance of incorporating appropriate shear in in vitro models. Alterations in vascular extracellular matrix composition, availability of bioactive molecules, and gradients in concentration and composition of these molecules can all regulate the function of both endothelial cells and perivascular cells. Factors modulating these elements in in vitro models should therefore be considered carefully depending on the research question at hand. As the complexity of in vitro models increases, so can the variability. A bottom-up approach to designing such models will remain an important tool for researchers studying thrombosis. As new techniques are continuously being developed and new pathways are brought to light, research question-dependent considerations will have to be made regarding what aspects of thrombosis to include in in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titus P Lemmens
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Bröker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Minke Rijpkema
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher C W Hughes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M E M Cosemans
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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3
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Zi H, Peng X, Cao J, Xie T, Liu T, Li H, Bu J, Du J, Li J. Piezo1-dependent regulation of pericyte proliferation by blood flow during brain vascular development. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113652. [PMID: 38175750 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood flow is known to regulate cerebrovascular development through acting on vascular endothelial cells (ECs). As an indispensable component of the neurovascular unit, brain pericytes physically couple with ECs and play vital roles in blood-brain barrier integrity maintenance and neurovascular coupling. However, it remains unclear whether blood flow affects brain pericyte development. Using in vivo time-lapse imaging of larval zebrafish, we monitored the developmental dynamics of brain pericytes and found that they proliferate to expand their population and increase their coverage to brain vessels. In combination with pharmacological and genetic approaches, we demonstrated that blood flow enhances brain pericyte proliferation through Piezo1 expressed in ECs. Moreover, we identified that EC-intrinsic Notch signaling is downstream of Piezo1 to promote the activation of Notch signaling in pericytes. Thus, our findings reveal a role of blood flow in pericyte proliferation, extending the functional spectrum of hemodynamics on cerebrovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Zi
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolan Peng
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jianbin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated with Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai 317000, China
| | - Tianyi Xie
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiwen Bu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiulin Du
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yu-Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 319 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Ballester Roig MN, Roy PG, Hannou L, Delignat-Lavaud B, Sully Guerrier TA, Bélanger-Nelson E, Dufort-Gervais J, Mongrain V. Transcriptional regulation of the mouse EphA4, Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-A3 genes by the circadian clock machinery. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:983-1003. [PMID: 37551686 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2237580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms originate from molecular feedback loops. In mammals, the transcription factors CLOCK and BMAL1 act on regulatory elements (i.e. E-boxes) to shape biological functions in a rhythmic manner. The EPHA4 receptor and its ligands Ephrins (EFN) are cell adhesion molecules regulating neurotransmission and neuronal morphology. Previous studies showed the presence of E-boxes in the genes of EphA4 and specific Ephrins, and that EphA4 knockout mice have an altered circadian rhythm of locomotor activity. We thus hypothesized that the core clock machinery regulates the gene expression of EphA4, EfnB2 and EfnA3. CLOCK and BMAL1 (or NPAS2 and BMAL2) were found to have transcriptional activity on distal and proximal regions of EphA4, EfnB2 and EfnA3 putative promoters. A constitutively active form of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β; a negative regulator of CLOCK and BMAL1) blocked the transcriptional induction. Mutating the E-boxes of EphA4 distal promoter sequence reduced transcriptional induction. EPHA4 and EFNB2 protein levels did not show circadian variations in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus or prefrontal cortex. The findings uncover that core circadian transcription factors can regulate the gene expression of elements of the Eph/Ephrin system, which might contribute to circadian rhythmicity in biological processes in the brain or peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Neus Ballester Roig
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Gabriel Roy
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Valérie Mongrain
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Recherche CIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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5
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Dufva M. A quantitative meta-analysis comparing cell models in perfused organ on a chip with static cell cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8233. [PMID: 37217582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As many consider organ on a chip for better in vitro models, it is timely to extract quantitative data from the literature to compare responses of cells under flow in chips to corresponding static incubations. Of 2828 screened articles, 464 articles described flow for cell culture and 146 contained correct controls and quantified data. Analysis of 1718 ratios between biomarkers measured in cells under flow and static cultures showed that the in all cell types, many biomarkers were unregulated by flow and only some specific biomarkers responded strongly to flow. Biomarkers in cells from the blood vessels walls, the intestine, tumours, pancreatic island, and the liver reacted most strongly to flow. Only 26 biomarkers were analysed in at least two different articles for a given cell type. Of these, the CYP3A4 activity in CaCo2 cells and PXR mRNA levels in hepatocytes were induced more than two-fold by flow. Furthermore, the reproducibility between articles was low as 52 of 95 articles did not show the same response to flow for a given biomarker. Flow showed overall very little improvements in 2D cultures but a slight improvement in 3D cultures suggesting that high density cell culture may benefit from flow. In conclusion, the gains of perfusion are relatively modest, larger gains are linked to specific biomarkers in certain cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Chesnais F, Joel J, Hue J, Shakib S, Di Silvio L, Grigoriadis AE, Coward T, Veschini L. Continuously perfusable, customisable, and matrix-free vasculature on a chip platform. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:761-772. [PMID: 36722906 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00930g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Creating vascularised cellular environments in vitro is a current challenge in tissue engineering and a bottleneck towards developing functional stem cell-derived microtissues for regenerative medicine and basic investigations. Here we have developed a new workflow to manufacture vasculature on chip (VoC) systems efficiently, quickly, and inexpensively. We have employed 3D printing for fast-prototyping of bespoke VoC and coupled them with a refined organotypic culture system (OVAA) to grow patent capillaries in vitro using tissue-specific endothelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, we have designed and implemented a pocket-size flow driver to establish physiologic perfusive flow throughout our VoC-OVAA with minimal medium use and waste. Using our platform, we have created vascularised microtissues and perfused them at physiologic flow rates for extended time (>2 weeks) observing flow-dependent vascular remodelling. Overall, we present for the first time a scalable and customisable system to grow vascularised and perfusable microtissues, a key initial step to grow mature and functional tissues in vitro. We envision that this technology will empower fast prototyping and validation of increasingly biomimetic in vitro systems, including interconnected multi-tissue systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Chesnais
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Jordan Joel
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jonas Hue
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sima Shakib
- Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Agamemnon E Grigoriadis
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Trevor Coward
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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7
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Jiang Y, Tao G, Guan Y, Chen S, He Y, Li T, Zou S, Li Y. The role of ephrinB2-EphB4 signalling in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement. Orthod Craniofac Res 2023; 26:107-116. [PMID: 35621382 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ephrinB2-EphB4 signalling in alveolar bone remodelling on the tension side during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MATERIALS AND METHODS An OTM model was established on sixty 8-week-old male Wistar rats. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The animals in the experimental group were administrated with subcutaneous injection of EphB4 inhibitor NVP-BHG712 every other day, whereas the control group received only the vehicle. Samples containing the maxillary first molar and the surrounding bone were collected after 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days of tooth movement. RESULTS EphrinB2-EphB4 signalling was actively expressed on the tension side during tooth movement. Micro-CT analysis showed the distance of tooth movement in the experimental group was significantly greater than that of the control group (P < .05) with significantly increased trabecular separation (Tb. Sp) and decreased trabecular number (Tb. N) from day 14 to day 21. The number of osteoclasts significantly increased in the experimental group compared with the control group after 3 and 7 days of tooth movement (P < .05). The expressions of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) were significantly reduced by inhibition of EphB4 (P < .05). CONCLUSION The inhibition of EphB4 suppressed bone formation and enhanced bone resorption activities on the tension side of tooth movement. The ephrinB2-EphB4 signalling might play an important role in alveolar bone remodelling during OTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhe Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Şen S, Erber R. Neuronal Guidance Molecules in Bone Remodeling and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710077. [PMID: 36077474 PMCID: PMC9456342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, mechanically induced remodeling occurs in the alveolar bone due to the action of orthodontic forces. The number of factors identified to be involved in mechanically induced bone remodeling is growing steadily. With the uncovering of the functions of neuronal guidance molecules (NGMs) for skeletal development as well as for bone homeostasis, NGMs are now also among the potentially significant factors for the regulation of bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. This narrative review attempts to summarize the functions of NGMs in bone homeostasis and provides insight into the currently sparse literature on the functions of these molecules during orthodontic tooth movement. Presently, four families of NGMs are known: Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, ephrins and Eph receptors. A search of electronic databases revealed roles in bone homeostasis for representatives from all four NGM families. Functions during orthodontic tooth movement, however, were only identified for Semaphorins, ephrins and Eph receptors. For these, crucial prerequisites for participation in the regulation of orthodontically induced bone remodeling, such as expression in cells of the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone, as well as mechanical inducibility, were shown, which suggests that the importance of NGMs in orthodontic tooth movement may be underappreciated to date and further research might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Şen
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-5002-6301
| | - Ralf Erber
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Li-Villarreal N, Wong RLY, Garcia MD, Udan RS, Poché RA, Rasmussen TL, Rhyner AM, Wythe JD, Dickinson ME. FOXO1 represses sprouty 2 and sprouty 4 expression to promote arterial specification and vascular remodeling in the mouse yolk sac. Development 2022; 149:274922. [PMID: 35297995 PMCID: PMC8995087 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Establishing a functional circulatory system is required for post-implantation development during murine embryogenesis. Previous studies in loss-of-function mouse models showed that FOXO1, a Forkhead family transcription factor, is required for yolk sac (YS) vascular remodeling and survival beyond embryonic day (E) 11. Here, we demonstrate that at E8.25, loss of Foxo1 in Tie2-cre expressing cells resulted in increased sprouty 2 (Spry2) and Spry4 expression, reduced arterial gene expression and reduced Kdr (also known as Vegfr2 and Flk1) transcripts without affecting overall endothelial cell identity, survival or proliferation. Using a Dll4-BAC-nlacZ reporter line, we found that one of the earliest expressed arterial genes, delta like 4, is significantly reduced in Foxo1 mutant YS without being substantially affected in the embryo proper. We show that FOXO1 binds directly to previously identified Spry2 gene regulatory elements (GREs) and newly identified, evolutionarily conserved Spry4 GREs to repress their expression. Furthermore, overexpression of Spry4 in transient transgenic embryos largely recapitulates the reduced expression of arterial genes seen in conditional Foxo1 mutants. Together, these data reveal a novel role for FOXO1 as a key transcriptional repressor regulating both pre-flow arterial specification and subsequent vessel remodeling within the murine YS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanbing Li-Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rebecca Lee Yean Wong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Monica D. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ryan S. Udan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ross A. Poché
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tara L. Rasmussen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alexander M. Rhyner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D. Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Huang Y, Qian JY, Cheng H, Li XM. Effects of shear stress on differentiation of stem cells into endothelial cells. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:894-913. [PMID: 34367483 PMCID: PMC8316872 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i7.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is an appealing potential therapy for vascular diseases and an indispensable key step in vascular tissue engineering. Substantial effort has been made to differentiate stem cells toward vascular cell phenotypes, including endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells. The microenvironment of vascular cells not only contains biochemical factors that influence differentiation but also exerts hemodynamic forces, such as shear stress and cyclic strain. More recently, studies have shown that shear stress can influence the differentiation of stem cells toward ECs. A deep understanding of the responses and underlying mechanisms involved in this process is essential for clinical translation. This review highlights current data supporting the role of shear stress in stem cell differentiation into ECs. Potential mechanisms and signaling cascades for transducing shear stress into a biological signal are proposed. Further study of stem cell responses to shear stress will be necessary to apply stem cells for pharmacological applications and cardiovascular implants in the realm of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Yi Qian
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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11
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Krause BJ. Novel insights for the role of nitric oxide in placental vascular function during and beyond pregnancy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7984-7999. [PMID: 34121195 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
More than 30 years have passed since endothelial nitric oxide synthesis was described using the umbilical artery and vein endothelium. That seminal report set the cornerstone for unveiling the molecular aspects of endothelial function. In parallel, the understanding of placental physiology has gained growing interest, due to its crucial role in intrauterine development, with considerable long-term health consequences. This review discusses the evidence for nitric oxide (NO) as a critical player of placental development and function, with a special focus on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) vascular effects. Also, the regulation of eNOS-dependent vascular responses in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-related diseases and their impact on prenatal and postnatal vascular health are discussed. Recent and compelling evidence has reinforced that eNOS regulation results from a complex network of processes, with novel data concerning mechanisms such as mechano-sensing, epigenetic, posttranslational modifications, and the expression of NO- and l-arginine-related pathways. In this regard, most of these mechanisms are expressed in an arterial-venous-specific manner and reflect traits of the fetal systemic circulation. Several studies using umbilical endothelial cells are not aimed to understand placental function but general endothelial function, reinforcing the influence of the placenta on general knowledge in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo J Krause
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
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Garoffolo G, Pesce M. Vascular dysfunction and pathology: focus on mechanical forces. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 3:R69-R75. [PMID: 34291191 PMCID: PMC8284946 DOI: 10.1530/vb-21-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of mechanical forces is emerging as a new player in the pathophysiologic programming of the cardiovascular system. The ability of the cells to 'sense' mechanical forces does not relate only to perception of movement or flow, as intended traditionally, but also to the biophysical properties of the extracellular matrix, the geometry of the tissues, and the force distribution inside them. This is also supported by the finding that cells can actively translate mechanical cues into discrete gene expression and epigenetic programming. In the present review, we will contextualize these new concepts in the vascular pathologic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea, Milan, Italy
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Wang T, Liu J, Liu H, Lee SR, Gonzalez L, Gorecka J, Shu C, Dardik A. Activation of EphrinB2 Signaling Promotes Adaptive Venous Remodeling in Murine Arteriovenous Fistulae. J Surg Res 2021; 262:224-239. [PMID: 33039109 PMCID: PMC8024410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the preferred mode of vascular access for hemodialysis. Before use, AVF remodel by thickening and dilating to achieve a functional conduit via an adaptive process characterized by expression of molecular markers characteristic of both venous and arterial identity. Although signaling via EphB4, a determinant of venous identity, mediates AVF maturation, the role of its counterpart EphrinB2, a determinant of arterial identity, remains unclear. We hypothesize that EphrinB2 signaling is active during AVF maturation and may be a mechanism of venous remodeling. METHODS Aortocaval fistulae were created or sham laparotomy was performed in C57Bl/6 mice, and specimens were examined on Days 7 or 21. EphrinB2 reverse signaling was activated with EphB4-Fc applied periadventitially in vivo and in endothelial cell culture medium in vitro. Downstream signaling was assessed using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Venous remodeling during AVF maturation was characterized by increased expression of EphrinB2 as well as Akt1, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38. Activation of EphrinB2 with EphB4-Fc increased phosphorylation of EphrinB2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt1, ERK1/2, and p38 and was associated with increased diameter and wall thickness in the AVF. Both mouse and human endothelial cells treated with EphB4-Fc increased phosphorylation of EphrinB2, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Akt1, ERK1/2, and p38 and increased endothelial cell tube formation and migration. CONCLUSIONS Activation of EphrinB2 signaling by EphB4-Fc was associated with adaptive venous remodeling in vivo while activating endothelial cell function in vitro. Regulation of EphrinB2 signaling may be a new strategy to improve AVF maturation and patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tun Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Haiyang Liu
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shin-Rong Lee
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Luis Gonzalez
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jolanta Gorecka
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Center of Vascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Alan Dardik
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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15
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Detection of pro angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with CKD. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8786. [PMID: 33888746 PMCID: PMC8062467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87710-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with native and post-transplant chronic kidney disease (CKD). To identify new biomarkers of vascular injury and inflammation, we analyzed the proteome of plasma and circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in native and post-transplant CKD patients utilizing an aptamer-based assay. Proteins of angiogenesis were significantly higher in native and post-transplant CKD patients versus healthy controls. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) indicated Ephrin receptor signaling, serine biosynthesis, and transforming growth factor-β as the top pathways activated in both CKD groups. Pro-inflammatory proteins were significantly higher only in the EVs of native CKD patients. IPA indicated acute phase response signaling, insulin-like growth factor-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 pathway activation. These data indicate that pathways of angiogenesis and inflammation are activated in CKD patients' plasma and EVs, respectively. The pathways common in both native and post-transplant CKD may signal similar mechanisms of CVD.
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Bai H, Wang Z, Li M, Sun P, Wei S, Wang Z, Xing Y, Dardik A. Adult Human Vein Grafts Retain Plasticity of Vessel Identity. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 68:468-475. [PMID: 32422286 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spiral saphenous vein graft is an excellent choice for venous reconstruction after periphery vein injury, but only few cases have been reported. We implanted a segment of a single saphenous vein into both the popliteal vein as a venous vein graft and into the popliteal artery as an arterial vein graft at the same time in a trauma patient; we then had an extraordinary opportunity to harvest and examine both patent venous and arterial vein grafts at 2 weeks after implantation. METHODS A spiral saphenous vein graft was made as previously described and implanted into the popliteal vein and artery as interposition grafts; because of the patient's serious injuries, an amputation was performed at day 18 after vascular reconstruction. The grafts were harvested, fixed, and examined using histology and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Both grafts were patent, and there was a larger neointimal area in the venous graft compared to the arterial graft. There were CD31- and vWF-positive cells on both neointimal endothelia, with subendothelial deposition of α-actin-, CD3-, CD45-, and CD68-positive cells. There were fewer cells in the venous graft neointima compared to the arterial graft neointima; however, there were more inflammatory cells in the neointima of the venous graft. Some of the neointimal cells were PCNA-positive, whereas very few cells were cleaved caspase-3 positive. The venous graft neointimal endothelial cells were Eph-B4 and COUP-TFII positive, while the arterial graft neointimal endothelial cells were dll-4 and Ephrin-B2 positive. CONCLUSIONS The spiral saphenous vein graft remains a reasonable choice for vessel reconstruction, especially in the presence of diameter mismatch. Both the venous and arterial grafts showed similar re-endothelialization and cellular deposition; the venous graft had more neointimal hyperplasia and inflammation. At an early time, endothelial cells showed venous identity in the venous graft, whereas endothelial cells showed arterial identity in the arterial graft. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Veins can be used as venous or arterial vein grafts but venous grafts have more neointimal hyperplasia and inflammation; vein grafts acquire different vessel identity depending on the environment into which they are implanted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Bai
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunbo Wei
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiju Wang
- Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xing
- Key Vascular Physiology and Applied Research Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Alan Dardik
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Surgery and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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Shear Stress Triggers Angiogenesis of Late Endothelial Progenitor Cells via the PTEN/Akt/GTPCH/BH4 Pathway. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:5939530. [PMID: 32399044 PMCID: PMC7210539 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5939530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shear stress is an effective modulator of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and has been suggested to play an important role in angiogenesis. The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)/Akt and guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)/tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) pathways regulate the function of early EPCs. However, the role of these pathways in the shear stress-induced angiogenesis of late EPCs remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether shear stress could upregulate the angiogenesis capacity of late EPCs and to further explore the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Late EPCs were subjected to laminar shear stress (LSS), and their in vitro migration, proliferation, and tube formation capacity were determined. In addition, the in vivo angiogenesis capacity was explored, along with the expression of molecules involved in the PTEN/Akt and GTPCH/BH4 pathways. Results LSS elevated the in vitro activities of late EPCs, which were accompanied by downregulated PTEN expression, accelerated Akt phosphorylation, and GTPCH/BH4 pathway activation (all P < 0.05). Following Akt inhibition, LSS-induced upregulated GTPCH expression, BH4, and NO level of EPCs were suppressed. LSS significantly improved the migration, proliferation, and tube formation ability (15 dyn/cm2 LSS vs. stationary: 72.2 ± 5.5 vs. 47.3 ± 7.3, 0.517 ± 0.05 vs. 0.367 ± 0.038, and 1.664 ± 0.315 vs. 1 ± 0, respectively; all P < 0.05) along with the in vivo angiogenesis capacity of late EPCs, contributing to the recovery of limb ischemia. These effects were also blocked by Akt inhibition or GTPCH knockdown (P < 0.05, respectively). Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that shear stress triggers angiogenesis in late EPCs via the PTEN/Akt/GTPCH/BH4 pathway, providing a potential nonpharmacologic therapeutic strategy for promoting angiogenesis in ischemia-related diseases.
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Royer C, Guay‐Bégin A, Chanseau C, Chevallier P, Bordenave L, Laroche G, Durrieu M. Bioactive micropatterning of biomaterials for induction of endothelial progenitor cell differentiation: Acceleration of in situ endothelialization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1479-1492. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Royer
- Univ. BordeauxChimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) Pessac France
- CNRSCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INPCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
- Département de génie des minesde la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés Québec Quebec Canada
| | - Andrée‐Anne Guay‐Bégin
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
| | | | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
- Département de génie des minesde la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés Québec Quebec Canada
| | | | - Gaétan Laroche
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de SurfaceCentre de recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Hôpital Saint‐François d'Assise Québec Quebec Canada
- Département de génie des minesde la métallurgie et des matériaux, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés Québec Quebec Canada
| | - Marie‐Christine Durrieu
- Univ. BordeauxChimie et Biologie des Membranes et Nano‐Objets (UMR5248 CBMN) Pessac France
- CNRSCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
- Bordeaux INPCBMN UMR5248 Pessac France
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: The authors developed a noncontact low-frequency ultrasound device that delivers high-intensity mechanical force based on phased-array technology. It may aid wound healing because it is likely to be associated with lower risks of infection and heat-induced pain compared with conventional ultrasound methods. The authors hypothesized that the microdeformation it induces accelerates wound epithelialization. Its effects on key wound-healing processes (angiogenesis, collagen accumulation, and angiogenesis-related gene transcription) were also examined. Methods: Immediately after wounding, bilateral acute wounds in C57BL/6J mice were noncontact low-frequency ultrasound– and sham-stimulated for 1 hour/day for 3 consecutive days (10 Hz/90.6 Pa). Wound closure (epithelialization) was recorded every 2 days as the percentage change in wound area relative to baseline. Wound tissue was procured on days 2, 5, 7, and 14 (five to six per time point) and subjected to histopathology with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining, CD31 immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase-chain reaction analysis. Results: Compared to sham-treated wounds, ultrasound/phased-array–treated wounds exhibited significantly accelerated epithelialization (65 ± 27 percent versus 30 ± 33 percent closure), angiogenesis (4.6 ± 1.7 percent versus 2.2 ± 1.0 percent CD31+ area), and collagen deposition (44 ± 14 percent versus 28 ± 13 percent collagen density) on days 5, 2, and 5, respectively (all p < 0.05). The expression of Notch ligand delta-like 1 protein (Dll1) and Notch1, which participate in angiogenesis, was transiently enhanced by treatment on days 2 and 5, respectively. Conclusions: The authors’ noncontact low-frequency ultrasound phased-array device improved the wound-healing rate. It was associated with increased early neovascularization that was followed by high levels of collagen-matrix production and epithelialization. The device may expand the mechanotherapeutic proangiogenesis field, thereby helping stimulate a revolution in infected wound care.
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Blatchley MR, Gerecht S. Reconstructing the Vascular Developmental Milieu In Vitro. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:15-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Garoffolo G, Pesce M. Mechanotransduction in the Cardiovascular System: From Developmental Origins to Homeostasis and Pathology. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121607. [PMID: 31835742 PMCID: PMC6953076 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the term ‘mechanotransduction’, it is intended the ability of cells to sense and respond to mechanical forces by activating intracellular signal transduction pathways and the relative phenotypic adaptation. While a known role of mechanical stimuli has been acknowledged for developmental biology processes and morphogenesis in various organs, the response of cells to mechanical cues is now also emerging as a major pathophysiology determinant. Cells of the cardiovascular system are typically exposed to a variety of mechanical stimuli ranging from compression to strain and flow (shear) stress. In addition, these cells can also translate subtle changes in biophysical characteristics of the surrounding matrix, such as the stiffness, into intracellular activation cascades with consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes. Since cellular mechanotransduction has a potential readout on long-lasting modifications of the chromatin, exposure of the cells to mechanically altered environments may have similar persisting consequences to those of metabolic dysfunctions or chronic inflammation. In the present review, we highlight the roles of mechanical forces on the control of cardiovascular formation during embryogenesis, and in the development and pathogenesis of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Garoffolo
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy;
- PhD Program in Translational and Molecular Medicine DIMET, Università di Milano - Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maurizio Pesce
- Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Via Parea, 4, I-20138 Milan, Italy;
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22
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Pennings I, van Haaften EE, Jungst T, Bulsink JA, Rosenberg AJWP, Groll J, Bouten CVC, Kurniawan NA, Smits AIPM, Gawlitta D. Layer-specific cell differentiation in bi-layered vascular grafts under flow perfusion. Biofabrication 2019; 12:015009. [PMID: 31553965 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ab47f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered grafts have the potential to overcome the limitations of autologous and non-resorbable synthetic vessels as vascular substitutes. However, one of the challenges in creating these living grafts is to induce and maintain multiple cell phenotypes with a biomimetic organization. Our biomimetic grafts with heterotypic design hold promises for functional neovessel regeneration by guiding the layered cellular and tissue organization into a native-like structure. In this study, a perfusable two-compartment bioreactor chamber was designed for the further maturation of these vascular grafts, with a compartmentalized exposure of the graft's luminal and outer layer to cell-specific media. We used the system for a co-culture of endothelial colony forming cells and multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the vascular grafts, produced by combining electrospinning and melt electrowriting. It was demonstrated that the targeted cell phenotypes (i.e. endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs), respectively) could be induced and maintained during flow perfusion. The confluent luminal layer of ECs showed flow responsiveness, as indicated by the upregulation of COX-2, KLF2, and eNOS, as well as through stress fiber remodeling and cell elongation. In the outer layer, the circumferentially oriented, multi-layered structure of MSCs could be successfully differentiated into vSM-like cells using TGFβ, as indicated by the upregulation of αSMA, calponin, collagen IV, and (tropo)elastin, without affecting the endothelial monolayer. The cellular layers inhibited diffusion between the outer and the inner medium reservoirs. This implies tightly sealed cellular layers in the constructs, resulting in truly separated bioreactor compartments, ensuring the exposure of the inner endothelium and the outer smooth muscle-like layer to cell-specific media. In conclusion, using this system, we successfully induced layer-specific cell differentiation with a native-like cell organization. This co-culture system enables the creation of biomimetic neovessels, and as such can be exploited to investigate and improve bioengineered vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Pennings
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery & Special Dental Care, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Li R, Baek KI, Chang CC, Zhou B, Hsiai TK. Mechanosensitive Pathways Involved in Cardiovascular Development and Homeostasis in Zebrafish. J Vasc Res 2019; 56:273-283. [PMID: 31466069 DOI: 10.1159/000501883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrhythmia are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developed countries and are steadily increasing in developing countries. Fundamental mechanistic studies at the molecular, cellular, and animal model levels are critical for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. Despite being phylogenetically distant from humans, zebrafish share remarkable similarity in the genetics and electrophysiology of the cardiovascular system. In the last 2 decades, the development and deployment of innovative genetic manipulation techniques greatly facilitated the application of zebrafish as an animal model for studying basic biology and diseases. Hemodynamic shear stress is intimately involved in vascular development and homeostasis. The critical mechanosensitive signaling pathways in cardiovascular development and pathophysiology previously studied in mammals have been recapitulated in zebrafish. In this short article, we reviewed recent knowledge about the role of mechanosensitive pathways such as Notch, PKCε/PFKFB3, and Wnt/Ang2 in cardiovas-cular development and homeostasis from studies in the -zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- College of Health Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China,
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Department of Bioengineering,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chih-Chiang Chang
- Department of Bioengineering,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bill Zhou
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tzung K Hsiai
- Department of Bioengineering,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine (Cardiology) and Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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24
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Arora S, Yim EKF, Toh YC. Environmental Specification of Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Endothelial Cells Toward Arterial and Venous Subtypes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:143. [PMID: 31259171 PMCID: PMC6587665 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are required for a multitude of cardiovascular clinical applications, such as revascularization of ischemic tissues or endothelialization of tissue engineered grafts. Patient derived primary ECs are limited in number, have donor variabilities and their in vitro phenotypes and functions can deteriorate over time. This necessitates the exploration of alternative EC sources. Although there has been a recent surge in the use of pluripotent stem cell derived endothelial cells (PSC-ECs) for various cardiovascular clinical applications, current differentiation protocols yield a heterogeneous EC population, where their specification into arterial or venous subtypes is undefined. Since arterial and venous ECs are phenotypically and functionally different, inappropriate matching of exogenous ECs to host sites can potentially affect clinical efficacy, as exemplified by venous graft mismatch when placed into an arterial environment. Therefore, there is a need to design and employ environmental cues that can effectively modulate PSC-ECs into a more homogeneous arterial or venous phenotype for better adaptation to the host environment, which will in turn contribute to better application efficacy. In this review, we will first give an overview of the developmental and functional differences between arterial and venous ECs. This provides the foundation for our subsequent discussion on the different bioengineering strategies that have been investigated to varying extent in providing biochemical and biophysical environmental cues to mature PSC-ECs into arterial or venous subtypes. The ability to efficiently leverage on a combination of biochemical and biophysical environmental cues to modulate intrinsic arterio-venous specification programs in ECs will greatly facilitate future translational applications of PSC-ECs. Since the development and maintenance of arterial and venous ECs in vivo occur in disparate physio-chemical microenvironments, it is conceivable that the application of these environmental factors in customized combinations or magnitudes can be used to selectively mature PSC-ECs into an arterial or venous subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seep Arora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn K F Yim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Biomedical Institute for Global Health Research and Technology (BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Zhao H, Chappell JC. Microvascular bioengineering: a focus on pericytes. J Biol Eng 2019; 13:26. [PMID: 30984287 PMCID: PMC6444752 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-019-0158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillaries within the microcirculation are essential for oxygen delivery and nutrient/waste exchange, among other critical functions. Microvascular bioengineering approaches have sought to recapitulate many key features of these capillary networks, with an increasing appreciation for the necessity of incorporating vascular pericytes. Here, we briefly review established and more recent insights into important aspects of pericyte identification and function within the microvasculature. We then consider the importance of including vascular pericytes in various bioengineered microvessel platforms including 3D culturing and microfluidic systems. We also discuss how vascular pericytes are a vital component in the construction of computational models that simulate microcirculation phenomena including angiogenesis, microvascular biomechanics, and kinetics of exchange across the vessel wall. In reviewing these topics, we highlight the notion that incorporating pericytes into microvascular bioengineering applications will increase their utility and accelerate the translation of basic discoveries to clinical solutions for vascular-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaning Zhao
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - John C Chappell
- Center for Heart and Reparative Medicine, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, 2 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic State Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA.,3Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016 USA
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26
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Padget RL, Mohite SS, Hoog TG, Justis BS, Green BE, Udan RS. Hemodynamic force is required for vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment to blood vessels during mouse embryonic development. Mech Dev 2019; 156:8-19. [PMID: 30796970 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel maturation, which is characterized by the investment of vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) around developing blood vessels, begins when vessels remodel into a hierarchy of proximal arteries and proximal veins that branch into smaller distal capillaries. The ultimate result of maturation is formation of the tunica media-the middlemost layer of a vessel that is composed of vSMCs and acts to control vessel integrity and vascular tone. Though many studies have implicated the role of various signaling molecules in regulating maturation, no studies have determined a role for hemodynamic force in the regulation of maturation in the mouse. In the current study, we provide evidence that a hemodynamic force-dependent mechanism occurs in the mouse because reduced blood flow mouse embryos exhibited a diminished or absent coverage of vSMCs around vessels, and in normal-flow embryos, extent of coverage correlated to the amount of blood flow that vessels were exposed to. We also determine that the cellular mechanism of force-induced maturation was not by promoting vSMC differentiation/proliferation, but instead involved the recruitment of vSMCs away from neighboring low-flow distal capillaries towards high-flow vessels. Finally, we hypothesize that hemodynamic force may regulate expression of specific signaling molecules to control vSMC recruitment to high-flow vessels, as reduction of flow results in the misexpression of Semaphorin 3A, 3F, 3G, and the Notch target gene Hey1, all of which are implicated in controlling vessel maturation. This study reveals another role for hemodynamic force in regulating blood vessel development of the mouse, and opens up a new model to begin elucidating mechanotransduction pathways regulating vascular maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Padget
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Shilpa S Mohite
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Tanner G Hoog
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Blake S Justis
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Bruce E Green
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America
| | - Ryan S Udan
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, United States of America.
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27
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Choo SY, Yoon SH, Lee DJ, Lee SH, Li K, Koo IH, Lee W, Bae SC, Lee YM. Runx3 inhibits endothelial progenitor cell differentiation and function via suppression of HIF-1α activity. Int J Oncol 2019; 54:1327-1336. [PMID: 30968151 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow (BM)‑derived progenitor cells that can differentiate into mature endothelial cells, contributing to vasculogenesis in the blood vessel formation process. Runt‑related transcription factor 3 (RUNX3) belongs to the Runt domain family and is required for the differentiation of specific immune cells and neurons. The tumor suppressive role of RUNX3, via the induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in a variety of cancers, and its deletion or frequent silencing by epigenetic mechanisms have been studied extensively; however, its role in the differentiation of EPCs is yet to be investigated. Therefore, in the present study, adult BM‑derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were isolated from Runx3 heterozygous (Rx3+/‑) or wild‑type (WT) mice. The differentiation of EPCs from the BM‑derived HSCs of Rx3+/‑ mice was found to be significantly increased compared with those of the WT mice, as determined by the number of small or large colony‑forming units. The migration and tube formation abilities of Rx3+/‑ EPCs were also observed to be significantly increased compared with those of WT EPCs. Furthermore, the number of circulating EPCs, defined as CD34+/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)+ cells, was also significantly increased in Rx3+/‑ mice. Hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α was upregulated in Rx3+/‑ EPCs compared with WT EPCs, even under normoxic conditions. Furthermore, in a hindlimb ischemic mouse models, the recovery of blood flow was observed to be highly stimulated in Rx3+/‑ mice compared with WT mice. Also, in a Lewis lung carcinoma cell allograft model, the tumor size in Rx3+/‑ mice was significantly larger than that in WT mice, and the EPC cell population (CD34+/VEGFR2+ cells) recruited to the tumor was greater in the Rx3+/‑ mice compared with the WT mice. In conclusion, the present study revealed that Runx3 inhibits vasculogenesis via the inhibition of EPC differentiation and functions via the suppression of HIF‑1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yun Choo
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Yoon
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hee Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Li
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Koo
- National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooin Lee
- National Basic Research Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis Regulation, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Chul Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Institute of Tumor Research, Chungbuk National University, Chungju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - You Mie Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Creative Drug Research Team, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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28
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Laschke MW, Heß A, Scheuer C, Karschnia P, Menger MD. Subnormothermic short-term cultivation improves the vascularization capacity of adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragments. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:131-142. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias W. Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Alexander Heß
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Claudia Scheuer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Philipp Karschnia
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery; Saarland University; Homburg/Saar Germany
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29
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Obi S, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Nakamura F, Sakuma M, Toyoda S, Tei C, Inoue T. Heat induces myogenic transcription factors of myoblast cells via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1). FEBS Open Bio 2018; 9:101-113. [PMID: 30652078 PMCID: PMC6325605 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise generates heat, blood flow, and metabolic changes, thereby inducing hypertrophy of skeletal muscle cells. However, the mechanism by which heat incudes hypertrophy in response to heat is not well known. Here, we hypothesized that heat would induce differentiation of myoblast cells. We investigated the underlying mechanism by which myoblast cells respond to heat. When mouse myoblast cells were exposed to 42 °C for over 30 min, the phosphorylation level of protein kinase C (PKC) and heat shock factor 1 (Hsf1) increased, and the mRNA and protein expression level of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) increased. Inhibitors of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (Trpv1), calmodulin, PKC, and Hsf1, and the small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown of Trpv1 diminished those heat responses. Heat exposure increased the phosphorylation levels of thymoma viral proto‐oncogene 1 (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (Eif4ebp1), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1 (S6K1). The knockdown of Trpv1 decreased these heat‐induced responses. Antagonists of Hsp70 inhibited the phosphorylation level of Akt. Finally, heat increased the protein expression level of skeletal muscle markers such as myocyte enhancer factor 2D, myogenic factor 5, myogenic factor 6, and myogenic differentiation 1. Heat also increased myotube formation. Knockdown of Trpv1 diminished heat‐induced increases of those proteins and myotube formation. These results indicate that heat induces myogenic transcription factors of myoblast cells through the Trpv1, calmodulin, PKC, Hsf1, Hsp70, Akt, mTOR, Eif4ebp1, and S6K1 pathway. Moreover, heat increases myotube formation through Trpv1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syotaro Obi
- Research Support Center Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Heart Center Dokkyo Medical University Hospital Tochigi Japan
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Fumitaka Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center Japan
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Heart Center Dokkyo Medical University Hospital Tochigi Japan
| | - Chuwa Tei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Research Support Center Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Dokkyo Medical University Tochigi Japan.,Heart Center Dokkyo Medical University Hospital Tochigi Japan
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30
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Garoffolo G, Madonna R, de Caterina R, Pesce M. Cell based mechanosensing in vascular patho-biology: More than a simple go-with the flow. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 111:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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31
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Xue C, Huang Q, Zhang T, Zhao D, Ma Q, Tian T, Cai X. Matrix stiffness regulates arteriovenous differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells during vasculogenesis in nude mice. Cell Prolif 2018; 52:e12557. [PMID: 30485569 PMCID: PMC6495479 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of matrix stiffness on arteriovenous differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) during vasculogenesis in nude mice. Materials and methods Dextran hydrogels of differing stiffnesses were first prepared by controlling the crosslinking reaction to generate different thioether bonds. Hydrogels with stiffnesses matching those of the arterial extracellular matrix and venous extracellular matrix were separately combined with mouse bone marrow‐derived EPCs and subcutaneously implanted on either side of the backs of nude mice. After 14 days, artery‐specific marker Efnb2 and vein‐specific marker Ephb4 in the neovasculature were detected to determine the effect of matrix stiffness on the arteriovenous differentiation of EPCs in vivo. Results Fourteen days after the implantation of the EPC‐loaded dextran hydrogels, new blood vessels were observed in both types of hydrogels. We further verified that matrix stiffness regulated the arteriovenous differentiation of EPCs during vasculogenesis via the Ras/Mek pathway. Conclusions Matrix stiffness regulates the arteriovenous differentiation of EPCs during vasculogenesis in nude mice through the Ras/Mek pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyue Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Quanquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taoran Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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32
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Dorsey TB, Kim D, Grath A, James D, Dai G. Multivalent biomaterial platform to control the distinct arterial venous differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Biomaterials 2018; 185:1-12. [PMID: 30216805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) differentiated from pluripotent stem cells have enormous potential to be used in a variety of therapeutic areas such as tissue engineering of vascular grafts and re-vascularization of ischemic tissues. To date, various protocols have been developed to differentiate stem cells toward vascular ECs. However, current methods are still not sufficient to drive the distinct arterial venous differentiation. Therefore, developing refined method of arterial-venous differentiation is critically needed to address this gap. Here, we developed a biomaterial platform to mimic multivalent ephrin-B2/EphB4 signaling and investigated its role in the early arterial and venous specification of pluripotent stem cells. Our results show immobilized ephrinB2 or EphB4 on hydrogel substrates have a distinct effect on arterial venous differentiation by regulating several arterial venous markers. When in combination with Wnt pathway agonist or BMP4 signaling, the ephrin-B2/EphB4 biomaterial platform can create diverging EC progenitor populations, demonstrating differential gene expression pattern across a wide range of arterial and venous markers, as well as phenotypic markers such as anti-thrombotic, pro-atherogenic and osteogenic genes, that are consistent with the in vivo expression patterns of arterial and venous ECs. Importantly, this distinct EC progenitor population cannot be achieved by current methods of applying soluble factors or hemodynamic stimuli alone, illustrating that fine-tuning of developmental signals using the biomaterial platform offers a new approach to better control the arterial venous differentiation of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Dorsey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Diana Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Alexander Grath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Daylon James
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, United States
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, United States; Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, 1623 15th, St, Troy, NY 12180, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
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33
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Wang P, Zhu S, Yuan C, Wang L, Xu J, Liu Z. Shear stress promotes differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth into endothelial cells via the downstream pathway of VEGF-Notch signaling. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1827-1836. [PMID: 30015843 PMCID: PMC6108868 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of shear stress on endotheliaxl differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) were investigated. SHEDs were treated with shear stress, then reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to analyse the mRNA expression of arterial markers and western blot analysis was performed to analyse protein expression of angiogenic markers. Additionally, in vitro matrigel angiogenesis assay was performed to evaluate vascular-like structure formation. The secreted protein expression levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of SHEDs after shear stress was also quantified using corresponding ELISA kits. Untreated SHEDs seeded on Matrigel cannot form vessel-like structures at any time points, whereas groups treated with shear stress formed a few vessel-like structures at 4, 8 and 12 h. When SHEDs were treated with EphrinB2-siRNA for 24, the capability of vessel-like structure formation was suppressed. After being treated with shear stress, the expression of VEGF, VEGFR2, DLL4, Notch1, EphrinB2, Hey1 and Hey2 (arterial markers) gene expression was significantly upregulated, moreover, the protein levels of VEGFR2, EphrinB2, CD31, Notch1, DLL4, Hey1, and Hey2 were also significantly up-regulated. Both the mRNA and protein expression levels of EphB4 (venous marker) were downregulated. The average VEGF protein concentration in supernatants secreted by shear stress treated SHEDs groups increased significantly. In conclusion, shear stress was able to induce arterial endothelial differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth, and VEGF-DLL4/Notch‑EphrinB2 signaling was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglai Wang
- Dental Implant Center, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyue Zhu
- Department of Orthodontics, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Changyong Yuan
- Dental Implant Center, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- The Discipline of Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Zongxiang Liu
- Department of ExperDignosis, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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34
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Diaz Quiroz JF, Rodriguez PD, Erndt-Marino JD, Guiza V, Balouch B, Graf T, Reichert WM, Russell B, Höök M, Hahn MS. Collagen-Mimetic Proteins with Tunable Integrin Binding Sites for Vascular Graft Coatings. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2934-2942. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Felipe Diaz Quiroz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Patricia Diaz Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Josh D. Erndt-Marino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Viviana Guiza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Bailey Balouch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Tyler Graf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - William M. Reichert
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Brooke Russell
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Magnus Höök
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mariah S. Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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35
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Sivarapatna A, Ghaedi M, Xiao Y, Han E, Aryal B, Zhou J, Fernandez-Hernando C, Qyang Y, Hirschi KK, Niklason LE. Engineered Microvasculature in PDMS Networks Using Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1365-1379. [PMID: 28901188 PMCID: PMC5680973 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717720282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we used a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based platform for the generation of intact, perfusion-competent microvascular networks in vitro. COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite-element analysis and simulation software package, was used to obtain simulated velocity, pressure, and shear stress profiles. Transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were differentiated into partially arterialized endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) in 5 d under completely chemically defined conditions, using the small molecule glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor CHIR99021 and were thoroughly characterized for functionality and arterial-like marker expression. These cells, along with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were seeded in the PDMS system to generate microvascular networks that were subjected to shear stress. Engineered microvessels had patent lumens and expressed VE-cadherin along their periphery. Shear stress caused by flowing medium increased the secretion of nitric oxide and caused endothelial cells s to align and to redistribute actin filaments parallel to the direction of the laminar flow. Shear stress also caused significant increases in gene expression for arterial markers Notch1 and EphrinB2 as well as antithrombotic markers Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF-2)/4. These changes in response to shear stress in the microvascular platform were observed in hiPSC-EC microvessels but not in microvessels that were derived from HUVECs, which indicated that hiPSC-ECs may be more plastic in modulating their phenotype under flow than are HUVECs. Taken together, we demonstrate the feasibly of generating intact, engineered microvessels in vitro, which replicate some of the key biological features of native microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Sivarapatna
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mahboobe Ghaedi
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Edward Han
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- 3 Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jing Zhou
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Yibing Qyang
- 4 Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- 4 Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura E Niklason
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Abstract
The development processes of arteries and veins are fundamentally different, leading to distinct differences in anatomy, structure, and function as well as molecular profiles. Understanding the complex interaction between genetic and epigenetic pathways, as well as extracellular and biomechanical signals that orchestrate arterial venous differentiation, is not only critical for the understanding of vascular diseases of arteries and veins but also valuable for vascular tissue engineering strategies. Recent research has suggested that certain transcriptional factors not only control arterial venous differentiation during development but also play a critical role in adult vessel function and disease processes. This review summarizes the signaling pathways and critical transcription factors that are important for arterial versus venous specification. We focus on those signals that have a direct relation to the structure and function of arteries and veins, and have implications for vascular disease processes and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Niklason
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Departments of Anesthesiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA;
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37
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Jones EA, Lehoux S. Shear stress, arterial identity and atherosclerosis. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:467-73. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-10-0791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
SummaryIn the developing embryo, the vasculature first takes the form of a web-like network called the vascular plexus. Arterial and venous differentiation is subsequently guided by the specific expression of genes in the endothelial cells that provide spatial and temporal cues for development. Notch1/4, Notch ligand delta-like 4 (Dll4), and Notch downstream effectors are typically expressed in arterial cells along with EphrinB2, whereas chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) and EphB4 characterise vein endothelial cells. Haemodynamic forces (blood pressure and blood flow) also contribute importantly to vascular remodelling. Early arteriovenous differentiation and local blood flow may hold the key to future inflammatory diseases. Indeed, despite the fact that atherosclerosis risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and diabetes all induce endothelial cell dysfunction throughout the vasculature, plaques develop only in arteries, and they localise essentially in vessel branch points, curvatures and bifurcations, where blood flow (and consequently shear stress) is low or oscillatory. Arterial segments exposed to high blood flow (and high laminar shear stress) tend to remain plaque-free. These observations have led many to investigate what particular properties of arterial or venous endothelial cells confer susceptibility or protection from plaque formation, and how that might interact with a particular shear stress environment.
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Kim D, Lee V, Dorsey TB, Niklason LE, Gui L, Dai G. Neuropilin-1 Mediated Arterial Differentiation of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2018; 27:441-455. [PMID: 29415620 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (ECs) have great potential to be used in vascular therapy or tissue engineering. It is also much desired to obtain arterial or venous ECs for specific applications. Factors that are critical for the proper arterial or venous differentiation from pluripotent stem cells still need to be understood. Here, we aim at investigating this problem deeper by examining neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), an early arterial marker that may be critical for arterial cell fate commitment. Using murine embryonic stem cells as the model system, this study investigates the neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) expression during the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells toward a vascular progenitor population. We hypothesize that Nrp1, an early arterial marker present in a developing embryo, may be more responsive when further induced in vitro toward an arterial fate. We developed a two-step differentiation approach that yielded a large percentage of Nrp1+ vascular progenitor cells (VPCs) and investigated their potential to become arterial ECs. We have defined the culture parameters that contribute greatly to the emergence of Nrp1+ VPCs: certain soluble factors, especially Wnt and BMP4, early cell-cell contact, and hypoxia. Subsequent isolation of this population demonstrated a highly proliferative and network-forming behavior. The Nrp1+ VPCs exhibited increased gene expression of several Notch pathway-related arterial markers compared with Nrp1- VPCs. Most importantly, Nrp1+ VPCs demonstrated a dramatically greater response to hemodynamic stimuli by upregulating many arterial markers whereas Nrp1- VPCs have very little response. Surprisingly, these differences between Nrp1+ and Nrp1- VPCs are not evident with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment. Our data suggest that Nrp1+ VPCs may serve as the arterial progenitor by enhanced response to hemodynamic flow but not to VEGF, whereas Nrp1- VPCs lack the plasticity to become arterial ECs. The findings of this research indicate that Nrp1+ VPCs in the murine model act as an important step in the arterial differentiation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vivian Lee
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Taylor B Dorsey
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura E Niklason
- 4 Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.,5 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut.,7 Yale Stem Cell Center , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Liqiong Gui
- 4 Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine , New Haven, Connecticut.,5 Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Guohao Dai
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York.,3 Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts
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Shear stress: An essential driver of endothelial progenitor cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:46-69. [PMID: 29549046 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The blood flow through vessels produces a tangential, or shear, stress sensed by their innermost layer (i.e., endothelium) and representing a major hemodynamic force. In humans, endothelial repair and blood vessel formation are mainly performed by circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) characterized by a considerable expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), CD34, and CD133, pronounced tube formation activity in vitro, and strong reendothelialization or neovascularization capacity in vivo. EPCs have been proposed as a promising agent to induce reendothelialization of injured arteries, neovascularization of ischemic tissues, and endothelialization or vascularization of bioartificial constructs. A number of preconditioning approaches have been suggested to improve the regenerative potential of EPCs, including the use of biophysical stimuli such as shear stress. However, in spite of well-defined influence of shear stress on mature endothelial cells (ECs), articles summarizing how it affects EPCs are lacking. Here we discuss the impact of shear stress on homing, paracrine effects, and differentiation of EPCs. Unidirectional laminar shear stress significantly promotes homing of circulating EPCs to endothelial injury sites, induces anti-thrombotic and anti-atherosclerotic phenotype of EPCs, increases their capability to form capillary-like tubes in vitro, and enhances differentiation of EPCs into mature ECs in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are mediated by VEGFR2, Tie2, Notch, and β1/3 integrin signaling and can be abrogated by means of complementary siRNA/shRNA or selective pharmacological inhibitors of the respective proteins. Although the testing of sheared EPCs for vascular tissue engineering or regenerative medicine applications is still an unaccomplished task, favorable effects of unidirectional laminar shear stress on EPCs suggest its usefulness for their preconditioning.
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Chen X, Gays D, Milia C, Santoro MM. Cilia Control Vascular Mural Cell Recruitment in Vertebrates. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1033-1047. [PMID: 28122229 PMCID: PMC5289940 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular mural cells (vMCs) are essential components of the vertebrate vascular system, controlling blood vessel maturation and homeostasis. Discrete molecular mechanisms have been associated with vMC development and differentiation. The function of hemodynamic forces in controlling vMC recruitment is unclear. Using transgenic lines marking developing vMCs in zebrafish embryos, we find that vMCs are recruited by arterial-fated vessels and that the process is flow dependent. We take advantage of tissue-specific CRISPR gene targeting to demonstrate that hemodynamic-dependent Notch activation and the ensuing arterial genetic program is driven by endothelial primary cilia. We also identify zebrafish foxc1b as a cilia-dependent Notch-specific target that is required within endothelial cells to drive vMC recruitment. In summary, we have identified a hemodynamic-dependent mechanism in the developing vasculature that controls vMC recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Chen
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB-KUL, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Dafne Gays
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy
| | - Carlo Milia
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB-KUL, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB-KUL, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin 10126, Italy.
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Bai H, Hu H, Guo J, Ige M, Wang T, Isaji T, Kudze T, Liu H, Yatsula B, Hashimoto T, Xing Y, Dardik A. Polyester vascular patches acquire arterial or venous identity depending on their environment. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3422-3431. [PMID: 28877393 PMCID: PMC5918420 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyester is commonly used in vascular surgery for patch angioplasty and grafts. We hypothesized that polyester patches heal by infiltration of arterial or venous progenitor cells depending on the site of implantation. Polyester patches were implanted into the Wistar rat aorta or inferior vena cava and explanted on day 7 or 30. Neointima that formed on polyester patches was thicker in the venous environment compared to the amount that formed on patches in the arterial environment. Venous patches had more cell proliferation and greater numbers of VCAM-positive and CD68-positive cells, whereas arterial patches had greater numbers of vimentin-positive and alpha-actin-positive cells. Although there were similar numbers of endothelial progenitor cells in the neointimal endothelium, cells in the arterial patch were Ephrin-B2- and notch-4-positive while those in the venous patch were Eph-B4- and COUP-TFII-positive. Venous patches treated with an arteriovenous fistula had decreased neointimal thickness; neointimal endothelial cells expressed Ephrin-B2 and notch-4 in addition to Eph-B4 and COUP-TFII. Polyester patches in the venous environment acquire venous identity, whereas patches in the arterial environment acquire arterial identity; patches in the fistula environment acquire dual arterial-venous identity. These data suggest that synthetic patches heal by acquisition of identity of their environment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3422-3431, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualong Bai
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Haidi Hu
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianming Guo
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Maryam Ige
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tun Wang
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Toshihiko Isaji
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Tambudzai Kudze
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Haiyang Liu
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Bogdan Yatsula
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Physiology, Basic Medical College of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China
| | - Alan Dardik
- The Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Surgery, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
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Xue C, Zhang T, Xie X, Zhang Q, Zhang S, Zhu B, Lin Y, Cai X. Substrate stiffness regulates arterial-venous differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells via the Ras/Mek pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1799-1808. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ambasta RK, Kohli H, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic effect of endothelial progenitor cell regulated by drugs in diabetes and diabetes related disorder. J Transl Med 2017; 15:185. [PMID: 28859673 PMCID: PMC5580204 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) counts have been reported in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients and other diabetes-related disorder. EPCs are a circulating, bone marrow-derived cell population that appears to participate in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and damage repair. These EPC may revert the damage caused in diabetic condition. We aim to identify several existing drugs and signaling molecule, which could alleviate or improve the diabetes condition via mobilizing and increasing EPC number as well as function. MAIN BODY Accumulated evidence suggests that dysregulation of EPC phenotype and function may be attributed to several signaling molecules and cytokines in DM patients. Hyperglycemia alone, through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via eNOS and NOX, can induce changes in gene expression and cellular behavior in diabetes. Furthermore, reports suggest that EPC telomere shortening via increased oxidative DNA damage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. In this review, different type of EPC derived from different sources has been discussed along with cell-surface marker. The reduced number and immobilized EPC in diabetic condition have been mobilized for the therapeutic purpose via use of existing, and novel drugs have been discussed. Hence, evidence list of all types of drugs that have been reported to target the same pathway which affect EPC number and function in diabetes has been reviewed. Additionally, we highlight that proteins are critical in diabetes via polymorphism and inhibitor studies. Ultimately, a lucid pictorial explanation of diabetic and normal patient signaling pathways of the collected data have been presented in order to understand the complex signaling mystery underlying in the diseased and normal condition. CONCLUSION Finally, we conclude on eNOS-metformin-HSp90 signaling and its remedial effect for controlling the EPC to improve the diabetic condition for delaying diabetes-related complication. Altogether, the review gives a holistic overview about the elaborate therapeutic effect of EPC regulated by novel and existing drugs in diabetes and diabetes-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi K. Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Harleen Kohli
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
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Hsu CH, Roan JN, Wang JN, Huang CC, Shih CJ, Chen JH, Wu JM, Lam CF. Hemodynamic, biological, and right ventricular functional changes following intraatrial shunt repair in patients with flow-induced pulmonary hypertension. CONGENIT HEART DIS 2017; 12:533-539. [PMID: 28786237 DOI: 10.1111/chd.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atrial septal defects may result in pulmonary hypertension and right heart remodeling. We analyzed improvements in patients with flow-induced pulmonary hypertension and the activation of endothelial progenitor cells after flow reduction. DESIGN This prospective cohort study included 37 patients who were admitted for an occluder implantation. Blood samples were collected before and after the procedure. We determined the number of endothelial progenitor cells in outgrowth colonies and serum Hsp27 concentrations. Daily performance and cardiothoracic ratio were reevaluated later. RESULTS Closure of the defect significantly reduced the pulmonary pressure and B-type natriuretic peptide levels. The cardiothoracic ratio and daily performance status also improved. The number of endothelial progenitor cell outgrowth colony-forming units significantly increased and was positively correlated with daily performance. In patients with enhanced colony formation, Hsp27 levels were significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS The implantation of an occluder successfully improved hemodynamic, right ventricular, and daily performance. Qualitative enhancement of colony formation for endothelial progenitor cells was also noted and positively correlated with daily performance. Closure of defects may serve as a valid, reliable model to obtain a deeper understanding of the modulation of endothelial progenitor cell activity and its relationship with pulmonary hypertension prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsin Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Neng Roan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jieh-Neng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chi Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Shih
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ming Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fuh Lam
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bai YP, Xiao S, Tang YB, Tan Z, Tang H, Ren Z, Zeng H, Yang Z. Shear stress-mediated upregulation of GTP cyclohydrolase/tetrahydrobiopterin pathway ameliorates hypertension-related decline in reendothelialization capacity of endothelial progenitor cells. J Hypertens 2017; 35:784-797. [PMID: 28033126 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase/tetrahydrobiopterin (GTPCH)/(BH4) pathway has been proved to regulate the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive mice, indicating that GTPCH/BH4 pathway may be an important repair target for hypertension-related endothelial injury. Shear stress is an important nonpharmacologic strategy to modulate the function of EPCs. Here, we investigated the effects of laminar shear stress on the GTPCH/BH4 pathway and endothelial repair capacity of circulating EPCs in hypertension. METHOD Laminar shear stress was loaded on the human EPCs from hypertensive patients and normotensive patients. The in-vitro function, in-vivo reendothelialization capacity and GTPCH/BH4 pathway of human EPCs were evaluated. RESULTS Both in-vitro function and reendothelialization capacity of EPCs were lower in hypertensive patients than that in normotensive patients. The GTPCH/BH4 pathway of EPCs was downregulated in hypertensive patients. Shear stress increased in-vitro function and reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from hypertensive patients and normotensive patients. Furthermore, shear stress upregulated the expression of GTPCH I and levels of BH4, nitric oxide, and cGMP of EPCs, and reduced thrombospondin-1 expression. With treatment of GTPCH knockdown or nitroarginine methyl ester inhibition, shear stress-induced increased levels of BH4, nitric oxide and cGMP of EPCs was suppressed. When GTPCH/BH4 pathway of EPCs was blocked, the effects of shear stress on in-vitro function and reendothelialization capacity of EPCs were inhibited. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates for the first time that shear stress-induced upregulation of the GTPCH/BH4 pathway ameliorates hypertension-related decline in endothelial repair capacity of EPCs. These findings provide novel nonpharmacologic therapeutic approach for hypertension-related endothelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Ping Bai
- aDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan bDepartment of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital cDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine dDepartment of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University eSun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine fCenter for Reproductive Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital gDepartment of Hypertension & Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Manokawinchoke J, Sumrejkanchanakij P, Pavasant P, Osathanon T. Notch Signaling Participates in TGF-β-Induced SOST Expression Under Intermittent Compressive Stress. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2221-2230. [PMID: 27966788 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is regulated by mechanical stimuli in various cell types. It has previously been reported that intermittent compressive stimuli enhanced sclerostin (SOST) expression in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLs) by regulating transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression. The aim of the present study was to determine the involvement of Notch signaling in the TGF-β-induced SOST expression in hPDLs. Cells were treated with intermittent compressive stress in a computer-controlled apparatus for 24 h. The mRNA and protein expression of the cells were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. In some experiments, the target signaling pathway was impeded by the addition of a TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor (SB431542) or a γ-secretase inhibitor (DAPT). The results demonstrated that hPDLs under intermittent compressive stress exhibited significantly higher NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, and HEY1 mRNA expression compared with control, indicating that mechanical stress induced Notch signaling. DAPT pretreatment markedly reduced the intermittent stress-induced SOST expression. The expression of NOTCH2, NOTCH3, HES1, and HEY1 mRNA under compressive stress was significantly reduced after pretreatment with SB431542, coinciding with a reduction in SOST expression. Recombinant human TGF-β1 enhanced SOST, Notch receptor, and target gene expression in hPDLs. Further, DAPT treatment attenuated rhTGF-β1-induced SOST expression. In summary, intermittent compressive stress regulates Notch receptor and target gene expression via the TGF-β signaling pathway. In addition, Notch signaling participates in TGF-β-induced SOST expression in hPDLs. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2221-2230, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyamas Sumrejkanchanakij
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Obi S, Nakajima T, Hasegawa T, Kikuchi H, Oguri G, Takahashi M, Nakamura F, Yamasoba T, Sakuma M, Toyoda S, Tei C, Inoue T. Heat induces interleukin-6 in skeletal muscle cells via TRPV1/PKC/CREB pathways. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 122:683-694. [PMID: 27979980 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00139.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is released from skeletal muscle cells and induced by exercise, heat, catecholamine, glucose, lipopolysaccharide, reactive oxygen species, and inflammation. However, the mechanism that induces release of IL-6 from skeletal muscle cells remains unknown. Thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins such as TRPV1-4 play vital roles in cellular functions. In this study we hypothesized that TRPV1 senses heat, transmits a signal into the nucleus, and produces IL-6. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms whereby skeletal muscle cells sense and respond to heat. When mouse myoblast cells were exposed to 37-42°C for 2 h, mRNA expression of IL-6 increased in a temperature-dependent manner. Heat also increased IL-6 secretion in myoblast cells. A fura 2 fluorescence dual-wavelength excitation method showed that heat increased intracellular calcium flux in a temperature-dependent manner. Intracellular calcium flux and IL-6 mRNA expression were increased by the TRPV1 agonists capsaicin and N-arachidonoyldopamine and decreased by the TRPV1 antagonists AMG9810 and SB366791 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRPV1. TRPV2, 3, and 4 agonists did not change intracellular calcium flux. Western blotting with inhibitors demonstrated that heat increased phosphorylation levels of TRPV1, followed by PKC and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). PKC inhibitors, Gö6983 and staurosporine, CREB inhibitors, curcumin and naphthol AS-E, and knockdown of CREB suppressed the heat-induced increases in IL-6. These results indicate that heat increases IL-6 in skeletal muscle cells through the TRPV1, PKC, and CREB signal transduction pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heat increases the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from skeletal muscle cells. IL-6 has been shown to serve immune responses and metabolic functions in muscle. It can be anti-inflammatory as well as proinflammatory. However, the mechanism that induces release of IL-6 from skeletal muscle cells remains unknown. Here we show that heat increases IL-6 in skeletal muscle cells through the transient receptor potential vannilloid 1, PKC, and cAMP response element-binding protein signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syotaro Obi
- Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan; .,Heart Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hasegawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Oguri
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Nakamura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Masashi Sakuma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Chuwa Tei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Waon Therapy Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruo Inoue
- Research Support Center, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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Ramasamy SK, Kusumbe AP, Schiller M, Zeuschner D, Bixel MG, Milia C, Gamrekelashvili J, Limbourg A, Medvinsky A, Santoro MM, Limbourg FP, Adams RH. Blood flow controls bone vascular function and osteogenesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13601. [PMID: 27922003 PMCID: PMC5150650 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While blood vessels play important roles in bone homeostasis and repair, fundamental aspects of vascular function in the skeletal system remain poorly understood. Here we show that the long bone vasculature generates a peculiar flow pattern, which is important for proper angiogenesis. Intravital imaging reveals that vessel growth in murine long bone involves the extension and anastomotic fusion of endothelial buds. Impaired blood flow leads to defective angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and downregulation of Notch signalling in endothelial cells. In aged mice, skeletal blood flow and endothelial Notch activity are also reduced leading to decreased angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which is reverted by genetic reactivation of Notch. Blood flow and angiogenesis in aged mice are also enhanced on administration of bisphosphonate, a class of drugs frequently used for the treatment of osteoporosis. We propose that blood flow and endothelial Notch signalling are key factors controlling ageing processes in the skeletal system. Formation of new blood vessels and bone is coupled. Here the authors show that blood flow represents a key regulator of angiogenesis and endothelial Notch signalling in the bone, and that reactivation of Notch signalling in the endothelium of aged mice rejuvenates the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravana K Ramasamy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Research group Integrative Skeletal Physiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Anjali P Kusumbe
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.,Research group Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LY, UK
| | - Maria Schiller
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dagmar Zeuschner
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - M Gabriele Bixel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Carlo Milia
- VIB Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaba Gamrekelashvili
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Limbourg
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Medvinsky
- Research group Ontogeny of Haematopoietic Stem Cells, MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, Scotland
| | - Massimo M Santoro
- VIB Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and University of Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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49
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Cai DX, Quan Y, He PJ, Tan HB, Xu YQ. Dynamic Perfusion Culture of Human Outgrowth Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Demineralized Bone Matrix In Vitro. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:4037-4045. [PMID: 27789903 PMCID: PMC5098931 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferation, differentiation, and tube formation of human outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (OECs) cultured with porous demineralized bone matrix (DBM) under a dynamic perfusion system in vitro. Material/Methods OECs were isolated, expanded, characterized, eGFP-transfected and seeded on DBM scaffold and cultured under static or dynamic perfusion conditions, and continuously observed under fluorescence microscope. DBM scaffolds were harvested on day six for RT-PCR and western blot assay to analyze the mRNA and protein expression level of CD34, VE-cadherin, and VEGF. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the tube formation of OECs seeded on DBM scaffolds. Results The results showed the cell density of OECs on DBM was higher when exposed to shear stress generated by a dynamic perfusion system. Shear stress also markedly increased the expression level of VE-cadherin and VEGF and decreased the expression of CD34, at both mRNA and protein levels. SEM showed that the shear-stressed OECs formed tube-like structures inside the pores of DBM scaffolds. Conclusions A dynamic perfusion system can be used as an innovative method for the rapid vascularization in tissue engineering, which can accelerate the proliferation and differentiation of OECs and the vascularization of implanted scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di-Xin Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (mainland)
| | - Yue Quan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (mainland)
| | - Peng-Ju He
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Bo Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming, China (mainland)
| | - Yong-Qing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Kunming, China (mainland)
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50
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Sinha R, Le Gac S, Verdonschot N, van den Berg A, Koopman B, Rouwkema J. Endothelial cell alignment as a result of anisotropic strain and flow induced shear stress combinations. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29510. [PMID: 27404382 PMCID: PMC4941569 DOI: 10.1038/srep29510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are continuously exposed in vivo to cyclic strain and shear stress from pulsatile blood flow. When these stimuli are applied in vitro, ECs adopt an appearance resembling their in vivo state, most apparent in their alignment (perpendicular to uniaxial strain and along the flow). Uniaxial strain and flow perpendicular to the strain, used in most in vitro studies, only represent the in vivo conditions in straight parts of vessels. The conditions present over large fractions of the vasculature can be better represented by anisotropic biaxial strains at various orientations to flow. To emulate these biological complexities in vitro, we have developed a medium-throughput device to screen for the effects on cells of variously oriented anisotropic biaxial strains and flow combinations. Upon the application of only strains for 24 h, ECs (HUVECs) aligned perpendicular to the maximum principal strain and the alignment was stronger for a higher maximum:minimum principal strain ratio. A 0.55 Pa shear stress, when applied alone or with strain for 24 h, caused cells to align along the flow. Studying EC response to such combined physiological mechanical stimuli was not possible with existing platforms and to our best knowledge, has not been reported before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sinha
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- Applied Microfluidics for BioEngineering Research group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nico Verdonschot
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.,Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Orthopaedic Research Lab, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, Lab on a chip group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Koopman
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Rouwkema
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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