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Cherubini JM, Cheng JL, Armstrong CM, Kamal MJ, Parise G, MacDonald MJ. Acute partial sleep restriction does not impact arterial function in young and healthy humans. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1492-1504. [PMID: 38900696 PMCID: PMC11363128 DOI: 10.1113/ep091699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Habitual short sleep durations are associated with several cardiovascular diseases. Experimental research generally supports these findings as metrics of arterial function are impaired after complete deprivation of sleep and after longer periods of partial sleep restriction. The acute influence of a single instance of partial sleep restriction (PSR), however, has not been defined. We evaluated arterial structure and function among 32 university-aged participants on two occasions: once after normal habitual sleep (NS), and again the morning after an acute partial sleep restriction (PSR) intervention involving only 3 h of sleep for a single night. Endothelial function was measured using ultrasonography at the brachial artery via flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and a ramp peak oxygen uptake test was used to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood samples were collected from a subset of participants to investigate the influence of circulatory factors on cellular mechanisms implicated in endothelial function. Sleep duration was lower after a night of PSR compared to NS (P < 0.001); however, there were no appreciable differences in any haemodynamic outcome between conditions. FMD was not different between NS and PSR (NS: 6.5 ± 2.9%; PSR: 6.3 ± 2.9%; P = 0.668), and cardiorespiratory fitness did not moderate the haemodynamic response to PSR (all P > 0.05). Ex vivo cell culture results aligned with in vivo data, showing that acute PSR does not alter intracellular processes involved in endothelial function. No differences in arterial structure or function were observed between NS and acute PSR in healthy and young participants, and cardiorespiratory fitness does not modulate the arterial response to acute sleep restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jem L. Cheng
- Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Michael J. Kamal
- Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of KinesiologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
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2
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Khalil M, Lau HC, Thackeray JT, Mikail N, Gebhard C, Quyyumi AA, Bengel FM, Bremner JD, Vaccarino V, Tawakol A, Osborne MT. Heart-brain axis: Pushing the boundaries of cardiovascular molecular imaging. J Nucl Cardiol 2024; 36:101870. [PMID: 38685398 PMCID: PMC11180568 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the heart-brain axis continues to challenge investigators seeking to unravel its complex pathobiology. Strong epidemiologic evidence supports a link by which insult or injury to one of the organs increases the risk of pathology in the other. The putative pathways have important differences between sexes and include alterations in autonomic function, metabolism, inflammation, and neurohormonal mechanisms that participate in crosstalk between the heart and brain and contribute to vascular changes, the development of shared risk factors, and oxidative stress. Recently, given its unique ability to characterize biological processes in multiple tissues simultaneously, molecular imaging has yielded important insights into the interplay of these organ systems under conditions of stress and disease. Yet, additional research is needed to probe further into the mechanisms underlying the heart-brain axis and to evaluate the impact of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Khalil
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hui Chong Lau
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James T Thackeray
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nidaa Mikail
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Gebhard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Frank M Bengel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Douglas Bremner
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Viola Vaccarino
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ahmed Tawakol
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael T Osborne
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Avilez-Avilez JJ, Medina-Flores MF, Gómez-Gonzalez B. Sleep loss impairs blood-brain barrier function: Cellular and molecular mechanisms. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:77-96. [PMID: 39029977 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological process that preserves the integrity of the neuro-immune-endocrine network to maintain homeostasis. Sleep regulates the production and secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, both at the central nervous system (CNS) and at the periphery. Sleep promotes the removal of potentially toxic metabolites out of the brain through specialized systems such as the glymphatic system, as well as the expression of specific transporters in the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier maintains CNS homeostasis by selectively transporting metabolic substrates and nutrients into the brain, by regulating the efflux of metabolic waste products, and maintaining bidirectional communication between the periphery and the CNS. All those processes are disrupted during sleep loss. Brain endothelial cells express the blood-brain barrier phenotype, which arises after cell-to-cell interactions with mural cells, like pericytes, and after the release of soluble factors by astroglial endfeet. Astroglia, pericytes and brain endothelial cells respond differently to sleep loss; evidence has shown that sleep loss induces a chronic low-grade inflammatory state at the CNS, which is associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction. In animal models, blood-brain barrier dysfunction is characterized by increased blood-brain barrier permeability, decreased tight junction protein expression and pericyte detachment from the capillary wall. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction may promote defects in brain clearance of potentially neurotoxic metabolites and byproducts of neural physiology, which may eventually contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. This chapter aims to describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which sleep loss modifies the function of the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Janeth Avilez-Avilez
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico; Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Fernanda Medina-Flores
- Graduate Program in Experimental Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico; Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Gómez-Gonzalez
- Area of Neurosciences, Department of Biology of Reproduction, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Tahsin CT, Anselmo M, Lee E, Stokes W, Fonkoue IT, Vanden Noven ML, Carter JR, Keller-Ross ML. Sleep disturbance and sympathetic neural reactivity in postmenopausal females. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H752-H759. [PMID: 38214902 PMCID: PMC11221801 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00724.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbance, one of the most common menopausal symptoms, contributes to autonomic dysfunction and is linked to hypertension and cardiovascular risk. Longitudinal studies suggest that hyperreactivity of blood pressure (BP) to a stressor can predict the future development of hypertension. It remains unknown if postmenopausal females who experience sleep disturbance (SDG) demonstrate greater hemodynamic and sympathetic neural hyperreactivity to a stressor. We hypothesized that postmenopausal females with reported sleep disturbance would exhibit increased hemodynamic and sympathetic reactivity to a stressor compared with postmenopausal females without sleep disturbance (non-SDG). Fifty-five postmenopausal females (age, 62 ± 4 yr old; SDG, n = 36; non-SDG; n = 19) completed two study visits. The Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (MENQOL) was used to assess the presence of sleep disturbance (MENQOL sleep scale, ≥2 units). Beat-to-beat BP (finger plethysmography), heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA; microneurography; SDG, n = 25; non-SDG, n = 15) were continuously measured during a 10-min baseline and 2-min stressor (cold pressor test; CPT) in both groups. Menopause age and body mass index were similar between groups (P > 0.05). There were no differences between resting BP, HR, or MSNA (P > 0.05). HR and BP reactivity were not different between SDG and non-SDG (P > 0.05). In contrast, MSNA reactivity had a more rapid increase in the first 30 s of the CPT in the SDG (burst incidence, Δ10.2 ± 14.8 bursts/100 hb) compared with the non-SDG (burst incidence, Δ4.0 ± 14.8 bursts/100 hb, time × group, P = 0.011). Our results demonstrate a more rapid sympathetic neural reactivity to a CPT in postmenopausal females with perceived sleep disturbance, a finding that aligns with and advances recent evidence that sleep disturbance is associated with sympathetic neural hyperactivity in postmenopausal females.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study to demonstrate that muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to a cold pressor test is augmented in postmenopausal females with perceived sleep disturbance. The more rapid increase in MSNA reactivity during the cold pressor test in the sleep disturbance group was present despite similar increases in the perceived pain levels between groups. Baseline MSNA burst incidence and burst frequency, as well as blood pressure and heart rate, were similar between the sleep disturbance and nonsleep disturbance groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chowdhury Tasnova Tahsin
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Miguel Anselmo
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Emma Lee
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - William Stokes
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Ida T Fonkoue
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Marnie L Vanden Noven
- Department of Exercise Science, Belmont University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jason R Carter
- Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Manda L Keller-Ross
- Division of Rehabilitation Science, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
- Division of Physical Therapy, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
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Sun H, Adra N, Ayub MA, Ganglberger W, Ye E, Fernandes M, Paixao L, Fan Z, Gupta A, Ghanta M, Moura Junior VF, Rosand J, Westover MB, Thomas RJ. Assessing Risk of Health Outcomes From Brain Activity in Sleep: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200225. [PMID: 38173542 PMCID: PMC10759032 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Patterns of electrical activity in the brain (EEG) during sleep are sensitive to various health conditions even at subclinical stages. The objective of this study was to estimate sleep EEG-predicted incidence of future neurologic, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and mortality outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study with 2 data sets. The Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) sleep data set is a clinic-based cohort, used for model development. The Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS) is a community-based cohort, used as the external validation cohort. Exposure is good, average, or poor sleep defined by quartiles of sleep EEG-predicted risk. The outcomes include ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, bipolar disorder, depression, and mortality. Diagnoses were based on diagnosis codes, brain imaging reports, medications, cognitive scores, and hospital records. We used the Cox survival model with death as the competing risk. Results There were 8673 participants from MGH and 5650 from SHHS. For all outcomes, the model-predicted 10-year risk was within the 95% confidence interval of the ground truth, indicating good prediction performance. When comparing participants with poor, average, and good sleep, except for atrial fibrillation, all other 10-year risk ratios were significant. The model-predicted 10-year risk ratio closely matched the observed event rate in the external validation cohort. Discussion The incidence of health outcomes can be predicted by brain activity during sleep. The findings strengthen the concept of sleep as an accessible biological window into unfavorable brain and general health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Sun
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Noor Adra
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Muhammad Abubakar Ayub
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Wolfgang Ganglberger
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Elissa Ye
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Marta Fernandes
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Luis Paixao
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Ziwei Fan
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Aditya Gupta
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Manohar Ghanta
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Valdery F Moura Junior
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - M Brandon Westover
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Department of Neurology (HS, NA, MAA, WG, EY, MF, LP, ZF, AG, MG, VFMJ, JR, MBW), Massachusetts General Hospital; Henry and Allison McCance Center for Brain Health at Mass General (HS, VFMJ, JR, MBW); Department of Neurology (HS, WG, AG, MG, VFMJ, MBW), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Neurology (MAA), Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA; Department of Neurology (LP), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, MO; and Division of Pulmonary (RJT), Critical Care and Sleep, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
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Thoret E, Andrillon T, Gauriau C, Léger D, Pressnitzer D. Sleep deprivation detected by voice analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011849. [PMID: 38315733 PMCID: PMC10890756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation has an ever-increasing impact on individuals and societies. Yet, to date, there is no quick and objective test for sleep deprivation. Here, we used automated acoustic analyses of the voice to detect sleep deprivation. Building on current machine-learning approaches, we focused on interpretability by introducing two novel ideas: the use of a fully generic auditory representation as input feature space, combined with an interpretation technique based on reverse correlation. The auditory representation consisted of a spectro-temporal modulation analysis derived from neurophysiology. The interpretation method aimed to reveal the regions of the auditory representation that supported the classifiers' decisions. Results showed that generic auditory features could be used to detect sleep deprivation successfully, with an accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art speech features. Furthermore, the interpretation revealed two distinct effects of sleep deprivation on the voice: changes in slow temporal modulations related to prosody and changes in spectral features related to voice quality. Importantly, the relative balance of the two effects varied widely across individuals, even though the amount of sleep deprivation was controlled, thus confirming the need to characterize sleep deprivation at the individual level. Moreover, while the prosody factor correlated with subjective sleepiness reports, the voice quality factor did not, consistent with the presence of both explicit and implicit consequences of sleep deprivation. Overall, the findings show that individual effects of sleep deprivation may be observed in vocal biomarkers. Future investigations correlating such markers with objective physiological measures of sleep deprivation could enable "sleep stethoscopes" for the cost-effective diagnosis of the individual effects of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Thoret
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT) UMR7289, Perception Representation Image Sound Music (PRISM) UMR7061, Laboratoire d’Informatique et Systèmes (LIS) UMR7020, Marseille, France
- Institute of Language Communication and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Mov’it team, Inserm, CNRS, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, ERC 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et santé publique, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Gauriau
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, ERC 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et santé publique, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Damien Léger
- Université Paris Cité, VIFASOM, ERC 7330, Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et santé publique, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Pressnitzer
- Laboratoire des systèmes perceptifs, Département d’études cognitives, École normale supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Paris, France
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Kharchenko V, Zhdanova IV. The Wave Model of Sleep Dynamics and an Invariant Relationship between NonREM and REM Sleep. Clocks Sleep 2023; 5:686-716. [PMID: 37987397 PMCID: PMC10660848 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep5040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Explaining the complex structure and dynamics of sleep, which consist of alternating and physiologically distinct nonREM and REM sleep episodes, has posed a significant challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that a single-wave model concept captures the distinctly different overnight dynamics of the four primary sleep measures-the duration and intensity of nonREM and REM sleep episodes-with high quantitative precision for both regular and extended sleep. The model also accurately predicts how these polysomnographic measures respond to sleep deprivation or abundance. Furthermore, the model passes the ultimate test, as its prediction leads to a novel experimental finding-an invariant relationship between the duration of nonREM episodes and the intensity of REM episodes, the product of which remains constant over consecutive sleep cycles. These results suggest a functional unity between nonREM and REM sleep, establishing a comprehensive and quantitative framework for understanding normal sleep and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasili Kharchenko
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Irina V. Zhdanova
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- BioChron LLC, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Vaquer-Alicea A, Yu J, Liu H, Lucey BP. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid proteomic signatures of acutely sleep-deprived humans: an exploratory study. SLEEP ADVANCES : A JOURNAL OF THE SLEEP RESEARCH SOCIETY 2023; 4:zpad047. [PMID: 38046221 PMCID: PMC10691441 DOI: 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Study Objectives Acute sleep deprivation affects both central and peripheral biological processes. Prior research has mainly focused on specific proteins or biological pathways that are dysregulated in the setting of sustained wakefulness. This exploratory study aimed to provide a comprehensive view of the biological processes and proteins impacted by acute sleep deprivation in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Methods We collected plasma and CSF from human participants during one night of sleep deprivation and controlled normal sleep conditions. One thousand and three hundred proteins were measured at hour 0 and hour 24 using a high-scale aptamer-based proteomics platform (SOMAscan) and a systematic biological database tool (Metascape) was used to reveal altered biological pathways. Results Acute sleep deprivation decreased the number of upregulated and downregulated biological pathways and proteins in plasma but increased upregulated and downregulated biological pathways and proteins in CSF. Predominantly affected proteins and pathways were associated with immune response, inflammation, phosphorylation, membrane signaling, cell-cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix organization. Conclusions The identified modifications across biofluids add to evidence that acute sleep deprivation has important impacts on biological pathways and proteins that can negatively affect human health. As a hypothesis-driving study, these findings may help with the exploration of novel mechanisms that mediate sleep loss and associated conditions, drive the discovery of new sleep loss biomarkers, and ultimately aid in the identification of new targets for intervention to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Vaquer-Alicea
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brendan P Lucey
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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9
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Pasetes LN, Rosendahl‐Garcia KM, Goel N. Impact of bimonthly repeated total sleep deprivation and recovery sleep on cardiovascular indices. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15841. [PMID: 37849046 PMCID: PMC10582224 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Since short sleep duration adversely affects cardiovascular (CV) health, we investigated the effects of exposures to total sleep deprivation (TSD), and baseline (BL) and recovery (REC) sleep on CV measures. We conducted a 5-day experiment at months 2 and 4 in two separate studies (N = 11 healthy adults; 5 females). During these repeated experiments, CV measures [stroke volume (SV), cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), left ventricular ejection time, heart rate (HR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP)] were collected at three assessment time points after: (1) two BL 8 h time-in-bed (TIB) sleep opportunity nights; (2) a TSD night; and (3) two REC 8-10 h TIB nights. CV measures were also collected pre-study. TSD significantly increased SV and CI, and decreased SVRI, with large effect sizes, which importantly were reversed with recovery, indicating these measures are possible novel biomarkers for assessing the adverse consequences of TSD. Pre-study SV, CI, SVRI, HR, SBP, and MAP measures also significantly associated with TSD CV responses at months 2 and 4 [Pearson's r: 0.615-0.862; r2 : 0.378-0.743], indicating they are robust correlates of future TSD CV responses. Our novel findings highlight the critical impact of sleep on CV health across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Pasetes
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
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10
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Csoma B, Bikov A. The Role of the Circadian Rhythm in Dyslipidaemia and Vascular Inflammation Leading to Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14145. [PMID: 37762448 PMCID: PMC10532147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Many lines of evidence suggest that the disturbances in circadian rhythm are responsible for the development of CVDs; however, circadian misalignment is not yet a treatable trait in clinical practice. The circadian rhythm is controlled by the central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and clock genes (molecular clock) located in all cells. Dyslipidaemia and vascular inflammation are two hallmarks of atherosclerosis and numerous experimental studies conclude that they are under direct influence by both central and molecular clocks. This review will summarise the results of experimental studies on lipid metabolism, vascular inflammation and circadian rhythm, and translate them into the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. We discuss the effect of time-respected administration of medications in cardiovascular medicine. We review the evidence on the effect of bright light and melatonin on cardiovascular health, lipid metabolism and vascular inflammation. Finally, we suggest an agenda for future research and recommend on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balazs Csoma
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK;
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Bikov
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK;
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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11
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Bruno RM, Varbiro S, Pucci G, Nemcsik J, Lønnebakken MT, Kublickiene K, Schluchter H, Park C, Mozos I, Guala A, Hametner B, Seeland U, Boutouyrie P. Vascular function in hypertension: does gender dimension matter? J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:634-643. [PMID: 37061653 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure and vascular ageing trajectories differ between men and women. These differences develop due to sex-related factors, attributable to sex chromosomes or sex hormones, and due to gender-related factors, mainly related to different sociocultural behaviors. The present review summarizes the relevant facts regarding gender-related differences in vascular function in hypertension. Among sex-related factors, endogenous 17ß-estradiol plays a key role in protecting pre-menopausal women from vascular ageing. However, as vascular ageing (preceding and inducing hypertension) has a steeper increase in women than in men starting already from the third decade, it is likely that gender-related factors play a prominent role, especially in the young. Among gender-related factors, psychological stress (including that one related to gender-based violence and discrimination), depression, some psychological traits, but also low socioeconomic status, are more common in women than men, and their impact on vascular ageing is likely to be greater in women. Men, on the contrary, are more exposed to the vascular adverse consequences of alcohol consumption, as well as of social deprivation, while "toxic masculinity" traits may result in lower adherence to lifestyle and preventive strategies. Unhealthy diet habits are more prevalent in men and smoking is equally prevalent in the two sexes, but have a disproportional negative effect on women's vascular health. In conclusion, given the major and complex role of gender-related factors in driving vascular alterations and blood pressure patterns, gender dimension should be systematically integrated into future research on vascular function and hypertension and to tailor cardiovascular prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa-Maria Bruno
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France.
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - Szabolcs Varbiro
- Workgroup for Science Management, Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Internal Medicine Unit, "Santa Maria" Terni Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery-University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - János Nemcsik
- Department of Family Medicine and Health Service of Zuglo (ZESZ), Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mai Tone Lønnebakken
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karolina Kublickiene
- Institution for Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Schluchter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chloe Park
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences-Pathophysiology, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Guala
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-CV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernhard Hametner
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Center for Health & Bioresources, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Seeland
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, PARCC, F-75015, Paris, France
- Pharmacology Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
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12
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Pasetes LN, Rosendahl-Garcia KM, Goel N. Cardiovascular measures display robust phenotypic stability across long-duration intervals involving repeated sleep deprivation and recovery. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1201637. [PMID: 37547137 PMCID: PMC10397520 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1201637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We determined whether cardiovascular (CV) measures show trait-like responses after repeated total sleep deprivation (TSD), baseline (BL) and recovery (REC) exposures in two long-duration studies (total N = 11 adults). Methods A 5-day experiment was conducted twice at months 2 and 4 in a 4-month study (N = 6 healthy adults; 3 females; mean age ± SD, 34.3 ± 5.7 years; mean BMI ± SD, 22.5 ± 3.2 kg/m2), and three times at months 2, 4, and 8 in an 8-month study (N = 5 healthy adults; 2 females; mean age ± SD, 33.6 ± 5.17 years; mean BMI ± SD, 27.1 ± 4.9 kg/m2). Participants were not shift workers or exposed to TSD in their professions. During each experiment, various seated and standing CV measures were collected via echocardiography [stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)] or blood pressure monitor [systolic blood pressure (SBP)] after (1) two BL 8h time in bed (TIB) nights; (2) an acute TSD night; and (3) two REC 8-10 h TIB nights. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) assessed CV measure stability during BL, TSD, and REC and for the BL and REC average (BL + REC) across months 2, 4, and 8; Spearman's rho assessed the relative rank of individuals' CV responses across measures. Results Seated BL (0.693-0.944), TSD (0.643-0.962) and REC (0.735-0.960) CV ICCs showed substantial to almost perfect stability and seated BL + REC CV ICCs (0.552-0.965) showed moderate to almost perfect stability across months 2, 4, and 8. Individuals also exhibited significant, consistent responses within seated CV measures during BL, TSD, and REC. Standing CV measures showed similar ICCs for BL, TSD, and REC and similar response consistency. Discussion This is the first demonstration of remarkably robust phenotypic stability of a number of CV measures in healthy adults during repeated TSD, BL and REC exposures across 2, 4, and 8 months, with significant consistency of responses within CV measures. The cardiovascular measures examined in our studies, including SV, HR, CI, LVET, SVRI, and SBP, are useful biomarkers that effectively track physiology consistently across long durations and repeated sleep deprivation and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren N. Pasetes
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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13
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Arvin P, Ghafouri S, Bavarsad K, Hajipour S, Khoshnam SE, Sarkaki A, Farbood Y. Administration of growth hormone ameliorates adverse effects of total sleep deprivation. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1671-1681. [PMID: 36862276 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Total sleep deprivation (TSD) causes several harmful changes including anxiety, inflammation, and increased expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) genes in the hippocampus. The current study was conducted to explain the possible effects of exogenous GH against the above parameters caused by TSD and the possible mechanisms involved. Male Wistar rats were divided into 1) control, 2) TSD and 3) TSD + GH groups. To induce TSD, the rats received a mild repetitive electric shock (2 mA, 3 s) to their paws every 10 min for 21 days. Rats in the third group received GH (1 ml/kg, sc) for 21 days as treatment for TSD. The motor coordination, locomotion, the level of IL-6, and expression of ERK and TrkB genes in hippocampal tissue were measured after TSD. The motor coordination (p < 0.001) and locomotion indices (p < 0.001) were impaired significantly by TSD. The concentrations of serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) (p < 0.001) and hippocampal interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.001) increased. However, there was a significant decrease in the interleukin-4 (IL-4) concentration and expression of ERK (p < 0.001) and TrkB (p < 0.001) genes in the hippocampus of rats with TSD. Treatment of TSD rats with GH improved motor balance (p < 0.001) and locomotion (p < 0.001), decreased serum CRH (p < 0.001), IL-6 (p < 0.01) but increased the IL-4 and expression of ERK (p < 0.001) and TrkB (p < 0.001) genes in the hippocampus. Results show that GH plays a key role in modulating the stress hormone, inflammation, and the expression of ERK and TrkB genes in the hippocampus following stress during TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Arvin
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samireh Ghafouri
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bavarsad
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Hajipour
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Yaghoub Farbood
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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14
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Xu S, Jin J, Dong Q, Gu C, Wu Y, Zhang H, Yin Y, Jia H, Lei M, Guo J, Xu H, Chang S, Zhang F, Hou Z, Zhang L. Association between sleep duration and quality with rapid kidney function decline and development of chronic kidney diseases in adults with normal kidney function: The China health and retirement longitudinal study. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1072238. [PMID: 36743175 PMCID: PMC9891205 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1072238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Research have shown that sleep is associated with renal function. However, the potential effects of sleep duration or quality on kidney function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults with normal kidney function has rarely been studied. Our study aimed to investigate the association of sleep and kidney function in middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Four thousand and eighty six participants with an eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline were enrolled between 2011 and 2015 from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Survey questionnaire data were collected from conducted interviews in the 2011. The eGFR was estimated from serum creatinine and/or cystatin C using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations (CKD-EPI). The primary outcome was defined as rapid kidney function decline. Secondary outcome was defined as rapid kidney function decline with clinical eGFR of <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 at the exit visit. The associations between sleep duration, sleep quality and renal function decline or chronic kidney disease (CKD) were assessed based with logistic regression model. Our results showed that 244 (6.0%) participants developed rapid decline in kidney function, while 102 (2.5%) developed CKD. In addition, participants who had 3-7 days of poor sleep quality per week had higher risks of CKD development (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.24-2.80). However, compared with those who had 6-8 h of night-time sleep, no significantly higher risks of rapid decline in kidney function was found among those who had <6 h or >8 h of night time sleep after adjustments for demographic, clinical, or psychosocial covariates. Furthermore, daytime nap did not present significant risk in both rapid eGFR decline or CKD development. In conclusion, sleep quality was significantly associated with the development of CKD in middle-aged and older Chinese adults with normal kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Department of Orthopaedical Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jifu Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of Orthopaedical Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chenjie Gu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Liver Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingchao Yin
- Department of Orthopaedical Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Huiyang Jia
- Department of Orthopaedical Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfei Guo
- Department of Orthopaedical Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suchi Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhiyong Hou
- Department of Orthopaedical Surgery, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,Orthopaedic Research Institute of Hebei Province, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Liping Zhang ✉
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15
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Matsubara A, Deng G, Gong L, Chew E, Furue M, Xu Y, Fang B, Hakozaki T. Sleep Deprivation Increases Facial Skin Yellowness. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020615. [PMID: 36675544 PMCID: PMC9861417 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep shortage is a major concern in modern life and induces various psycho-physical disorders, including skin problems. In cosmeceutics, females are aware that sleep deprivation worsens their facial skin tone. Here, we measured the effects of sleep deprivation on facial skin yellowness and examined yellow chromophores, such as bilirubin and carotenoids, in blood serum as potential causes of yellowness. Total sleep deprivation (0 h sleep overnight, N = 28) and repeated partial sleep deprivation (4 h sleep for 5 consecutive days, N = 10) induced significant increases in facial skin yellowness. The higher yellowness was sustained even after both sleep deprivation types stopped. However, circulating levels of yellow chromophores were unchanged in the total sleep deprivation study. Neither circulating interleukin-6 nor urinary biopyrrin levels were affected by total sleep deprivation, suggesting that apparent oxidative stress in the body was not detected in the present total deprivation protocol. Facial redness was affected by neither total nor repeated partial sleep deprivation. Therefore, blood circulation may play a limited role in elevated yellowness. In conclusion, facial skin yellowness was indeed increased by sleep deprivation in our clinical studies. Local in situ skin-derived factors, rather than systemic chromophore change, may contribute to the sleep deprivation-induced elevation of facial skin yellowness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Matsubara
- Procter & Gamble Innovation G.K., 7-1-18 Onoedori, Chuo-ku, Kobe 651-0088, Japan
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-78-336-6022; Fax: +81-78-336-6171
| | - Gang Deng
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Lili Gong
- Procter & Gamble Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., 35 Yu’an Rd, Shun Yi Qu, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Eileen Chew
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ying Xu
- Procter & Gamble International Operations SA SG Branch, 70 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138547, Singapore
| | - Bin Fang
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
| | - Tomohiro Hakozaki
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason Business Center, 8700 Mason Montgomery Road, Mason, OH 45040, USA
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16
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Lo YJ, Mishra VK, Lo HY, Dubey NK, Lo WC. Clinical Spectrum and Trajectory of Innovative Therapeutic Interventions for Insomnia: A Perspective. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.1203. [PMID: 37163444 PMCID: PMC10389812 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing incidences of insomnia in adults, as well as the aging population, have been reported for their negative impact on the quality of life. Insomnia episodes may be associated with neurocognitive, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, and metabolic disorders. Epidemiological evidence also revealed the association of insomnia with oncologic and asthmatic complications, which has been indicated as bidirectional. Two therapeutic approaches including cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and drugs-based therapies are being practiced for a long time. However, the adverse events associated with drugs limit their wide and long-term application. Further, Traditional Chinese medicine, acupressure, and pulsed magnetic field therapy may also provide therapeutic relief. Notably, the recently introduced cryotherapy has been demonstrated as a potential candidate for insomnia which could reduce pain, by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. It seems that the synergistic therapeutic approach of cryotherapy and the above-mentioned approaches might offer promising prospects to further improve efficacy and safety. Considering these facts, this perspective presents a comprehensive summary of recent advances in pathological aetiologies of insomnia including COVID-19, and its therapeutic management with a greater emphasis on cryotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Navneet Kumar Dubey
- Victory Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Taipei 114757, Taiwan
- ShiNeo Technology Co., Ltd., New Taipei City 24262, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Cheng Lo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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17
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Fountoulakis PN, Terzoudi A, Tsiptsios D, Triantafyllis AS, Matziridis A, Leontidou E, Manolis A, Tsamakis K, Ouranidis A, Steiropoulos P, Vorvolakos T, Serdari A, Tripsianis G. Exploring the association between sleep insufficiency and self-reported cardiovascular disease among northeastern Greeks. Sleep Sci 2022; 15:388-398. [PMID: 36419814 PMCID: PMC9670764 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20220069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the association of sleep characteristics with cardiovascular disease (CVD) using self-reported questionnaires. Material and Methods 957 adults between 19 and 86 years old were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The participants were classified into three groups [short (<6h), normal (6-8h), and long (>8h) sleepers] by using multistage stratified cluster sampling. CVD was defined by a positive response to the questions: "Have you been told by a doctor that you have had a heart attack or angina or stroke or have you undergone bypass surgery?". Sleep quality, utilizing Epworth sleepiness scale, Athens insomnia scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Berlin questionnaire, was also examined. Results Prevalence of CVD was 9.5%. Individuals with CVD exhibited reduced sleep duration by 33 min (p<0.001) and sleep efficiency by 10% (p<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for subjects' sociodemographic, lifestyle habits and health related characteristics, short sleep duration was almost three times more frequent in patients with CVD (aOR=2.86, p<0.001 in the entire sample; aOR=2.68, p=0.019 in women and aOR=2.57, p=0.009 in men). Furthermore, CVD was significantly associated with excessive daytime sleepiness (aOR=2.02, p=0.026), insomnia (aOR=1.93, p=0.010), poor sleep quality (aOR=1.90, p=0.006) and increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (aOR=2.08, p=0.003). Conclusion Our study highlights a strong correlation of sleep insufficiency with CVD and promotes early pharmacological or cognitive behavioral interventions in order to protect cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aikaterini Terzoudi
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of
Neurology - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsiptsios
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of
Neurology - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | | | - Anestis Matziridis
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of
Medical Statistics - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Eleni Leontidou
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of
Medical Statistics - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Apostolos Manolis
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of
Medical Statistics - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsamakis
- King’s College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and
Neuroscience - London - London - United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Ouranidis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Chemical
Engineering - Thessaloniki - Thessaloniki - Greece
| | - Paschalis Steiropoulos
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of
Psychiatry - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Theofanis Vorvolakos
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of
Pneumonology - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Department of
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
| | - Gregory Tripsianis
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Laboratory of
Medical Statistics - Alexandroupolis - Thrace - Greece
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18
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Thompson KI, Chau M, Lorenzetti MS, Hill LD, Fins AI, Tartar JL. Acute sleep deprivation disrupts emotion, cognition, inflammation, and cortisol in young healthy adults. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:945661. [PMID: 36212194 PMCID: PMC9538963 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.945661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep deprivation has been demonstrated to diminish cognitive performance, alter mood states, and concomitantly dysregulate inflammation and stress hormones. At present, however, there is little understanding of how an acute sleep deprivation may collectively affect these factors and alter functioning. The present study aimed to determine the extent to which 24-h of sleep deprivation influences inflammatory cytokines, stress hormones, cognitive processing across domains, and emotion states. To that end, 23 participants (mean age = 20.78 years, SD = 2.87) filled out clinical health questionnaires measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Morningness Eveningness Questionnaire, and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Actigraph was worn for seven days across testing to record sleep duration. At each session participants underwent a series of measures, including saliva and blood samples for quantification of leptin, ghrelin, IL-1β, IL-6, CRP, and cortisol levels, they completed a cognitive battery using an iPad, and an emotion battery. We found that an acute sleep deprivation, limited to a 24 h period, increases negative emotion states such as anxiety, fatigue, confusion, and depression. In conjunction, sleep deprivation results in increased inflammation and decreased cortisol levels in the morning, that are accompanied by deficits in vigilance and impulsivity. Combined, these results suggest that individuals who undergo 24 h sleep deprivation will induce systemic alterations to inflammation and endocrine functioning, while concomitantly increasing negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla I. Thompson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Minh Chau
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | | | - Lauren D. Hill
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ana I. Fins
- Department of Clinical and School Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
| | - Jaime L. Tartar
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaime L. Tartar
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19
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Wei R, Duan X, Guo L. Effects of sleep deprivation on coronary heart disease. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:297-305. [PMID: 36039730 PMCID: PMC9437362 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.5.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The presence of artificial light enables humans to be active 24 h a day. Many people across the globe live in a social culture that encourages staying up late to meet the demands of various activities, such as work and school. Sleep deprivation (SD) is a severe health problem in modern society. Meanwhile, as with cardiometabolic disease, there was an obvious tendency that coronary heart disease (CHD) to become a global epidemic chronic disease. Specifically, SD can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of CHD. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects of SD on CHD are multilayered and complex. Inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and endothelial function all contribute to cardiovascular lesions. In this review, the effects of SD on CHD development are summarized, and SD-related pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions is discussed. In general, early assessment of SD played a vital role in preventing the harmful consequences of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
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20
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Ensminger DC, Wheeler ND, Al Makki R, Eads KN, Ashley NT. Contrasting effects of sleep fragmentation and angiotensin-II treatment upon pro-inflammatory responses of mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14763. [PMID: 36042284 PMCID: PMC9427781 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Disordered sleep promotes inflammation in brain and peripheral tissues, but the mechanisms that regulate these responses are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) from sleep loss elevates blood pressure to promote vascular sheer stress leading to inflammation. As catecholamines produced from SNS activation can directly regulate inflammation, we pharmacologically altered blood pressure using an alternative approach-manipulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Male C57BL6/J mice were treated with angiotensin or captopril to elevate and reduce blood pressure, respectively and then exposed to 24-h of sleep fragmentation (SF) or allowed to sleep (control). Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and as endothelial adhesion gene expression as well as serum glucocorticoids (corticosterone) were measured. RAS manipulation elevated cytokines and endothelial adhesion expression in heart and aorta while SF increased cytokine expression in peripheral tissues, but not brain. However, there were interactive effects of angiotensin-II and SF upon cytokine gene expression in hippocampus and hypothalamus, but not prefrontal cortex. SF, but not RAS manipulation, elevated serum corticosterone concentration. These findings highlight the contrasting effects of RAS manipulation and SF, implying that inflammation from SF is acting on different pathways that are largely independent of RAS manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Ensminger
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA.
| | - Nicholas D Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, USA
| | - Reem Al Makki
- Department of Biological Sciences, San José State University, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Kristen N Eads
- School of Physician Assistant Studies, Lipscomb University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Noah T Ashley
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, USA
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21
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Feingold CL, Smiley A. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10740. [PMID: 36078455 PMCID: PMC9518120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When one considers the big picture of their health, sufficient sleep may often go overlooked as a keystone element in this picture. Insufficient sleep in either quality or duration is a growing problem for our modern society. It is essential to look at what this means for our health because insufficient sleep increases our risks of innumerable lifechanging diseases. Beyond increasing the risk of developing these diseases, it also makes the symptoms and pathogenesis of many diseases worse. Additionally, consistent quality sleep can not only improve our physical health but has also been shown to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Substandard sleep health could be a root cause for numerous issues individuals may be facing in their lives. It is essential that physicians take the time to learn about how to educate their patients on sleep health and try to work with them on an individual level to help motivate lifestyle changes. Facilitating access to sleep education for their patients is one way in which physicians can help provide patients with the tools to improve their sleep health. Throughout this paper, we will review the mechanisms behind the relationship between insufficient sleep health and chronic disease and what the science says about how inadequate sleep health negatively impacts the overall health and the quality of our lives. We will also explain the lifechanging effects of sufficient sleep and how we can help patients get there.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Smiley
- Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, New York, NY 10595, USA
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22
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Irwin MR. Sleep disruption induces activation of inflammation and heightens risk for infectious disease: Role of impairments in thermoregulation and elevated ambient temperature. Temperature (Austin) 2022; 10:198-234. [PMID: 37332305 PMCID: PMC10274531 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2022.2109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoregulation and sleep are tightly coordinated, with evidence that impairments in thermoregulation as well as increases in ambient temperature increase the risk of sleep disturbance. As a period of rest and low demand for metabolic resources, sleep functions to support host responses to prior immunological challenges. In addition by priming the innate immune response, sleep prepares the body for injury or infection which might occur the following day. However when sleep is disrupted, this phasic organization between nocturnal sleep and the immune system becomes misaligned, cellular and genomic markers of inflammation are activated, and increases of proinflammatory cytokines shift from the nighttime to the day. Moreover, when sleep disturbance is perpetuated due to thermal factors such as elevated ambient temperature, the beneficial crosstalk between sleep and immune system becomes further imbalanced. Elevations in proinflammatory cytokines have reciprocal effects and induce sleep fragmentation with decreases in sleep efficiency, decreases in deep sleep, and increases in rapid eye movement sleep, further fomenting inflammation and inflammatory disease risk. Under these conditions, sleep disturbance has additional potent effects to decrease adaptive immune response, impair vaccine responses, and increase vulnerability to infectious disease. Behavioral interventions effectively treat insomnia and reverse systemic and cellular inflammation. Further, insomnia treatment redirects the misaligned inflammatory- and adaptive immune transcriptional profiles with the potential to mitigate risk of inflammation-related cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and mental health diseases, as well as susceptibility to infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Irwin
- University of California, Los Angeles – Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
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23
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Yamazaki EM, Rosendahl-Garcia KM, Casale CE, MacMullen LE, Ecker AJ, Kirkpatrick JN, Goel N. Left Ventricular Ejection Time Measured by Echocardiography Differentiates Neurobehavioral Resilience and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss and Stress. Front Physiol 2022; 12:795321. [PMID: 35087419 PMCID: PMC8787291 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.795321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There are substantial individual differences (resilience and vulnerability) in performance resulting from sleep loss and psychosocial stress, but predictive potential biomarkers remain elusive. Similarly, marked changes in the cardiovascular system from sleep loss and stress include an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. It remains unknown whether key hemodynamic markers, including left ventricular ejection time (LVET), stroke volume (SV), heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), blood pressure (BP), and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), differ in resilient vs. vulnerable individuals and predict differential performance resilience with sleep loss and stress. We investigated for the first time whether the combination of total sleep deprivation (TSD) and psychological stress affected a comprehensive set of hemodynamic measures in healthy adults, and whether these measures differentiated neurobehavioral performance in resilient and vulnerable individuals. Thirty-two healthy adults (ages 27-53; 14 females) participated in a 5-day experiment in the Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA), a high-fidelity National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) space analog isolation facility, consisting of two baseline nights, 39 h TSD, and two recovery nights. A modified Trier Social Stress Test induced psychological stress during TSD. Cardiovascular measure collection [SV, HR, CI, LVET, BP, and SVRI] and neurobehavioral performance testing (including a behavioral attention task and a rating of subjective sleepiness) occurred at six and 11 timepoints, respectively. Individuals with longer pre-study LVET (determined by a median split on pre-study LVET) tended to have poorer performance during TSD and stress. Resilient and vulnerable groups (determined by a median split on average TSD performance) showed significantly different profiles of SV, HR, CI, and LVET. Importantly, LVET at pre-study, but not other hemodynamic measures, reliably differentiated neurobehavioral performance during TSD and stress, and therefore may be a biomarker. Future studies should investigate whether the non-invasive marker, LVET, determines risk for adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Yamazaki
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Courtney E. Casale
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura E. MacMullen
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adrian J. Ecker
- Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James N. Kirkpatrick
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Namni Goel
- Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
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24
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Bock JM, Vungarala S, Covassin N, Somers VK. Sleep Duration and Hypertension: Epidemiological Evidence and Underlying Mechanisms. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:3-11. [PMID: 34536276 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While the contribution of several physiological systems to arterial blood pressure regulation has been studied extensively, the role of normal and disrupted sleep as a modifiable determinant of blood pressure control, and in the pathophysiology of hypertension, has only recently emerged. Several sleep disorders, including sleep apnea and insomnia, are thought to contribute to the development of hypertension, although less attention is paid to the relationship between sleep duration and blood pressure independent of sleep disorders per se. Accordingly, this review focuses principally on the physiology of sleep and the consequences of abnormal sleep duration both experimentally and at the population level. Clinical implications for patients with insomnia who may or may not have abbreviated sleep duration are explored. As a corollary, we further review studies of the effects of sleep extension on blood pressure regulation. We also discuss epidemiological evidence suggesting that long sleep may also be associated with hypertension and describe the parabolic relationship between total sleep time and blood pressure. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature regarding the potential role of gut microbial health in the cross-communication of lifestyle patterns (exercise, diet, and sleep) with blood pressure regulation. Additionally, we discuss populations at increased risk of short sleep, and specifically the need to understand mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities in women, pregnancy, the elderly, and in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Bock
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Soumya Vungarala
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Naima Covassin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Virend K Somers
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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25
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Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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26
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Papadakis Z, Garcia-Retortillo S, Koutakis P. Effects of Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation and High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Network Interactions. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:869787. [PMID: 36926086 PMCID: PMC10013041 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.869787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is deemed effective for cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system (ANS) health-related benefits, while ANS disturbance increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Postprandial lipemia and acute-partial sleep deprivation (APSD) are considered as CVD risk factors due to their respective changes in ANS. Exercising in the morning hours after APSD and have a high-fat breakfast afterwards may alter the interactions of the cardiovascular, autonomic regulation, and postprandial lipemic systems threatening individuals' health. This study examined postprandial network interactions between autonomic regulation through heart rate variability (HRV) and lipemia via low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in response to APSD and HIIE. Methods: Fifteen apparently healthy and habitually good sleepers (age 31 ± 5.2 SD yrs) completed an acute bout of an isocaloric HIIE (in form of 3:2 work-to-rest ratio at 90 and 40% of VO2 reserve) after both a reference sleep (RSX) and 3-3.5 h of acute-partial sleep deprivation (SSX) conditions. HRV time and frequency domains and LDL were evaluated in six and seven time points surrounding sleep and exercise, respectively. To identify postprandial network interactions, we constructed one correlation analysis and one physiological network for each experimental condition. To quantify the interactions within the physiological networks, we also computed the number of links (i.e., number of significant correlations). Results: We observed an irruption of negative links (i.e., negative correlations) between HRV and LDL in the SSX physiological network compared to RSX. Discussion: We recognize that a correlation analysis does not constitute a true network analysis due to the absence of analysis of a time series of the original examined physiological variables. Nonetheless, the presence of negative links in SSX reflected the impact of sleep deprivation on the autonomic regulation and lipemia and, thus, revealed the inability of HIIE to remain cardioprotective under APSD. These findings underlie the need to further investigate the effects of APSD and HIIE on the interactions among physiological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Barry University, Miami Shores, FL, United States
| | - Sergi Garcia-Retortillo
- Keck Laboratory for Network Physiology, Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Panagiotis Koutakis
- Clinical Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States
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27
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Hu Y, Yan Z, Fu Z, Pan C. Associations of Insomnia With Hypertension and Coronary Artery Disease Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:730654. [PMID: 34869629 PMCID: PMC8639702 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.730654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether insomnia is associated with hypertension (HBP) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in a hospital-based sample of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Our present study included 354 patients with T2DM. According to the diagnostic criteria of insomnia, the participants were assigned to three groups based on the duration of T2DM and insomnia diagnosis. Patients with T2DM alone were placed in group A; patients with T2DM longer than insomnia were placed in group B; and patients with insomnia longer than T2DM were placed in group C. Medical history was collected from all the patients in detail. Besides, the participants underwent thorough physical examinations and laboratory measurements. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to evaluate the associations of insomnia with HBP and CAD. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore whether insomnia was a risk factor for HBP and CAD in patients with T2DM. Results: Of 354 patients, 225 patients were included in group A, 62 patients were included in group B, and 67 patients were included in group C. Compared with groups B and C, group A showed a lower prevalence of HBP and CAD (p < 0.05). In addition, compared with group B, group C showed no difference in the prevalence of HBP and CAD (p > 0.05). After PSM was performed, groups B and C had a higher prevalence of HBP and CAD (p < 0.05) than group A with no significant difference between groups B and C (p > 0.05). In the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, insomnia was a risk factor for HBP [univariate: odds ratio (OR) = 3.376, 95% CI 2.290–6.093, p < 0.001; multivariate: OR = 2.832, 95% CI 1.373–5.841, p = 0.005] and CAD (univariate: OR = 5.019, 95% CI 3.148–8.001, p < 0.001; multivariate: OR = 5.289, 95% CI 2.579–10.850, p < 0.001). Conclusion: T2DM combined with insomnia was related to HBP and CAD and insomnia was a risk factor for HBP and CAD in patients with T2DM. However, larger, prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Hu
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiyue Yan
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenrui Fu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congqing Pan
- National Health Commission (NHC), Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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28
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Papadakis Z, Forsse JS, Peterson MN. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise and Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation on Cardiac Autonomic Modulation. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:824-842. [PMID: 32841103 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1788206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sleep deprivation in healthy adults has been associated with disrupted autonomic nervous system function, which in turn has been linked to cardiovascular health. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) may affect both sleep and cardiac autonomic modulation. Purpose: To investigate the impact of acute partial sleep deprivation on autonomic cardiac regulation before and after an acute bout of HIIE and the length of time for the autonomic system to return to resting levels. Methods: Fifteen healthy males with body mass index (BMI) of 25.8 ± 2.7 kg·m-2 and age 31 ± 5 y participated in a reference sleep (~9.5 hr) with no HIIE (RS), a reference sleep with HIIE (RSX), and an acute partial sleep deprivation (~3.5 hr) with HIIE (SDX). HIIE was performed in 3:2 intervals at 90% and 40% of VO2 reserve. Autonomic regulation through HRV selected time and frequency domain indices were recorded the night before, the morning of the next day, 1 hr-, 2 hr-, 4hr-, and 6-hr post-exercise. Results: HIIE performed in a 3:2 W:R ratio decreased the HRV (p < .05) at 1-hr post exercise and it took up to 4 hr to return to baseline levels. Parasympathetic related HRV indices increased the morning of the next day for SDX (p < .05). Acute partial sleep deprivation and HIIE did not modify the HRV responses compared to reference sleep and HIIE. Conclusion: HRV disturbance typically seen in responses to an acute episode of HIIE is not influenced by acute partial sleep deprivation.
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Garbarino S, Lanteri P, Bragazzi NL, Magnavita N, Scoditti E. Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1304. [PMID: 34795404 PMCID: PMC8602722 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02825-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern societies are experiencing an increasing trend of reduced sleep duration, with nocturnal sleeping time below the recommended ranges for health. Epidemiological and laboratory studies have demonstrated detrimental effects of sleep deprivation on health. Sleep exerts an immune-supportive function, promoting host defense against infection and inflammatory insults. Sleep deprivation has been associated with alterations of innate and adaptive immune parameters, leading to a chronic inflammatory state and an increased risk for infectious/inflammatory pathologies, including cardiometabolic, neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review recent advancements on the immune responses to sleep deprivation as evidenced by experimental and epidemiological studies, the pathophysiology, and the role for the sleep deprivation-induced immune changes in increasing the risk for chronic diseases. Gaps in knowledge and methodological pitfalls still remain. Further understanding of the causal relationship between sleep deprivation and immune deregulation would help to identify individuals at risk for disease and to prevent adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Garbarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal/Child Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Paola Lanteri
- Neurophysiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Postgraduate School of Occupational Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman/Child and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Egeria Scoditti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), 73100, Lecce, Italy
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Csipo T, Lipecz A, Owens C, Mukli P, Perry JW, Tarantini S, Balasubramanian P, Nyúl-Tóth Á, Yabluchanska V, Sorond FA, Kellawan JM, Purebl G, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Yabluchanskiy A. Sleep deprivation impairs cognitive performance, alters task-associated cerebral blood flow and decreases cortical neurovascular coupling-related hemodynamic responses. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20994. [PMID: 34697326 PMCID: PMC8546061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is a common condition and an important health concern. In addition to metabolic and cardiovascular risks, SD associates with decreases in cognitive performance. Neurovascular coupling (NVC, "functional hyperemia") is a critical homeostatic mechanism, which maintains adequate blood supply to the brain during periods of intensive neuronal activity. To determine whether SD alters NVC responses and cognitive performance, cognitive and hemodynamic NVC assessments were conducted prior to and 24 h post-SD in healthy young male individuals (n = 10, 27 ± 3 years old). Cognition was evaluated with a battery of tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Hemodynamic components of NVC were measured by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) during cognitive stimulation, dynamic retinal vessel analysis (DVA) during flicker light stimulation, and functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during finger tapping motor task. Cognitive assessments revealed impairments in reaction time and sustained attention after 24 h of SD. Functional NIRS analysis revealed that SD significantly altered hemodynamic responses in the prefrontal cortex and somatosensory cortex during a motor task. NVC-related vascular responses measured by DVA and TCD did not change significantly. Interestingly, TCD detected decreased task-associated cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the right middle cerebral artery in sleep deprived participants. Our results demonstrate that 24 h of SD lead to impairments in cognitive performance together with altered CBF and hemodynamic components of cortical NVC responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Csipo
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Josa Andras Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Cameron Owens
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jonathan W Perry
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ádám Nyúl-Tóth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Valeriya Yabluchanska
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Farzaneh A Sorond
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J Mikhail Kellawan
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William E Sonntag
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Theoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 1301, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Westphal WP, Rault C, Robert R, Ragot S, Neau JP, Fernagut PO, Drouot X. Sleep deprivation reduces vagal tone during an inspiratory endurance task in humans. Sleep 2021; 44:zsab105. [PMID: 33895822 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation alters inspiratory endurance by reducing inspiratory motor output. Vagal tone is involved in exercise endurance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sleep deprivation on vagal tone adaptation in healthy subjects performing an inspiratory effort. METHODS Vagal tone was assessed using Heart Rate Variability normalized units of frequency domain component HF (high frequency) before, at the start, and the end of an inspiratory loading trial performed until exhaustion by 16 volunteers after one night of sleep deprivation and one night of normal sleep, where sleep deprivation reduced the inspiratory endurance by half compared to the normal sleep condition (30 min vs 60 min). RESULTS At rest, heart rate was similar in sleep deprivation and normal sleep conditions. In normal sleep condition, heart rate increased during inspiratory loading task; this increase was greater in sleep deprivation condition. In normal sleep condition, vagal tone increased at the beginning of the trial. This vagal tone increase was absent in sleep deprivation condition. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation abolished vagal tone response to inspiratory load, possibly contributing to a higher heart rate during the trial and to a reduced inspiratory endurance. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02725190.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy-Paul Westphal
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
| | - Christophe Rault
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - René Robert
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Stéphanie Ragot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Neau
- Neurology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre-Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Drouot
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Inserm 1402, Team Acute Lung Injury and VEntilatory support, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, France
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Team Neurodevelopment Neuroadaptation Neurodegeneration, Poitiers, France
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Rodrigues GD, Fiorelli EM, Furlan L, Montano N, Tobaldini E. Obesity and sleep disturbances: The "chicken or the egg" question. Eur J Intern Med 2021; 92:11-16. [PMID: 33994249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and sleep disturbances are common conditions in modern societies and accumulating evidence support a close bidirectional causal relationship between these two conditions. Indeed, from one side sleep loss seems to affect energy intake and expenditure through its direct effects on hormone-mediated sensations of satiety and hunger and through the influence on hedonic and psychological aspects of food consumption. Sleep deprived patients have been shown to experiment excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and tiredness that, in a vicious circle, enhances physical inactivity and weight gain. On the other side, obesity is a well-known risk factor for several sleep disorders. This narrative review will discuss the main pathophysiological mechanisms that link sleep loss to obesity and metabolic syndrome with particular attention to the three most common sleep disorders (insomnia, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, restless leg syndrome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, 24210-130, Brazil; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa M Fiorelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovico Furlan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Tobaldini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Panza GS, Sutor T, Gee CM, Graco M, McCully KK, Chiodo A, Badr MS, Nash MS. Is Sleep Disordered Breathing Confounding Rehabilitation Outcomes in Spinal Cord Injury Research? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 103:1034-1045. [PMID: 34537222 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of considering sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) as a potential confounder to rehabilitation research interventions in spinal cord injury (SCI). SDB is highly prevalent in SCI, with increased prevalence in individuals with higher and more severe lesions, and the criterion standard treatment with continuous positive airway pressure remains problematic. Despite its high prevalence, SDB is often untested and untreated in individuals with SCI. In individuals without SCI, SDB is known to negatively affect physical function and many of the physiological systems that negatively affect physical rehabilitation in SCI. Thus, owing to the high prevalence, under testing, low treatment adherence, and known negative effect on the physical function, it is contended that underdiagnosed SDB in SCI may be confounding physical rehabilitation research studies in individuals with SCI. Studies investigating the effect of treating SDB and its effect on physical rehabilitation in SCI were unable to be located. Thus, studies investigating the likely integrated relationship among physical rehabilitation, SDB, and proper treatment of SDB in SCI are needed. Owing to rapid growth in both sleep medicine and physical rehabilitation intervention research in SCI, the authors contend it is the appropriate time to begin the conversations and collaborations between these fields. We discuss a general overview of SDB and physical training modalities, as well as how SDB could be affecting these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino S Panza
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI; Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.
| | - Tommy Sutor
- Research Service, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA
| | - Cameron M Gee
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marnie Graco
- Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health; and School of Physiotherapy, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Chiodo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - M Safwan Badr
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI; Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Mark S Nash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Physical Medicine & Rehabiliation, and Physical Therapy, Miami, FL; The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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Mukli P, Csipo T, Lipecz A, Stylianou O, Racz FS, Owens CD, Perry JW, Tarantini S, Sorond FA, Kellawan JM, Purebl G, Yang Y, Sonntag WE, Csiszar A, Ungvari ZI, Yabluchanskiy A. Sleep deprivation alters task-related changes in functional connectivity of the frontal cortex: A near-infrared spectroscopy study. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e02135. [PMID: 34156165 PMCID: PMC8413792 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation (SD) is known to be associated with decreased cognitive performance; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. As interactions between distinct brain regions depend on mental state, functional brain networks established by these connections typically show a reorganization during task. Hence, analysis of functional connectivity (FC) could reveal the task-related change in the examined frontal brain networks. Our objective was to assess the impact of SD on static FC in the prefrontal and motor cortices and find whether changes in FC correlate with changes in neuropsychological scores. Healthy young male individuals (n = 10, 27.6 ± 3.7 years of age) participated in the study. A battery of tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and 48 channel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) measurements were performed before and after 24 hr of SD. Network metrics were obtained by graph theoretical analysis using the fNIRS records in resting state and during finger-tapping sessions. During task, SD resulted in a significantly smaller decrease in the number and strength of functional connections (characterizing FC) in the frontal cortex. Changes in the global connection strengths correlated with decreased performance in the paired association learning test. These results indicate a global impact of SD on functional brain networks in the frontal lobes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Mukli
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- International Training Program in GeroscienceDoctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public HealthSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Tamas Csipo
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- International Training Program in GeroscienceDoctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public HealthSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Division of Clinical PhysiologyDepartment of CardiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Agnes Lipecz
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- International Training Program in GeroscienceDoctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public HealthSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of OphthalmologyJosa Andras HospitalNyiregyhazaHungary
| | - Orestis Stylianou
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute of Translational MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Frigyes Samuel Racz
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cameron D. Owens
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Jonathan W. Perry
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- International Training Program in GeroscienceDoctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public HealthSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesCollege of Public HealthUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Farzaneh A. Sorond
- Division of Stroke and Neurocritical CareDepartment of NeurologyNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Jeremy M. Kellawan
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- Department of Health and Exercise ScienceUniversity of OklahomaNormanOKUSA
| | - György Purebl
- Institute of Behavioral SciencesSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Yuan Yang
- Stephenson School of Biomedical EngineeringThe University of OklahomaTulsaOKUSA
| | - William E. Sonntag
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- International Training Program in GeroscienceTheoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medical Physics and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Zoltan I. Ungvari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- International Training Program in GeroscienceDoctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public HealthSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- Department of Health Promotion SciencesCollege of Public HealthUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- International Training Program in GeroscienceTheoretical Medicine Doctoral School/Departments of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine and Medical Physics and InformaticsUniversity of SzegedSzegedHungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain AgingDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
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Yang H, Baltzis D, Bhatt V, Haack M, Meier-Ewert HK, Gautam S, Veves A, Mullington JM. Macro- and microvascular reactivity during repetitive exposure to shortened sleep: sex differences. Sleep 2021; 44:zsaa257. [PMID: 33249482 PMCID: PMC8120341 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported strong association between sleep loss and hypertension with unknown mechanisms. This study investigated macrovascular and microcirculation changes and inflammatory markers during repetitive sleep restriction. Sex differences were also explored. Forty-five participants completed a 22-day in-hospital protocol. Participants were assigned to, (1) eight-hour sleep per night (control), or (2) sleep restriction (SR) condition: participants slept from 0300 to 0700 h for three nights followed by a recovery night of 8-h sleep, repeated four times. Macrocirculation assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) and microcirculation reactivity tests were performed at baseline, last day of each experimental block and during recovery at the end. Cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory marker levels were measured in blood samples. No duration of deprivation (SR block) by condition interaction effects were found for FMD, microcirculation, norepinephrine, cell adhesion molecules, IL-6 or IL-8. However, when men and women were analyzed separately, there was a statistical trend (p = 0.08) for increased IL-6 across SR blocks in women, but not in men. Interestingly, men showed a significant progressive (dose dependent) increase in skin vasodilatation (p = 0.02). A novel and unexpected finding was that during the recovery period, men that had been exposed to repeated SR blocks had elevated IL-8 and decreased norepinephrine. Macrocirculation, microcirculation, cell adhesion molecules, and markers of inflammation appeared to be resistant to this model of short-term repetitive exposures to the blocks of shortened sleep in healthy sleepers. However, men and women responded differently, with women showing mild inflammatory response and men showing more vascular system sensitivity to the repetitive SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Dimitrios Baltzis
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vrushank Bhatt
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Monika Haack
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hans K Meier-Ewert
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Shiva Gautam
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine – Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janet M Mullington
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Keramidas ME, Botonis PG. Short-term sleep deprivation and human thermoregulatory function during thermal challenges. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1139-1148. [PMID: 33745159 DOI: 10.1113/ep089467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? It is generally accepted that sleep deprivation constitutes a predisposing factor to the development of thermal injury. This review summarizes the available human-based evidence on the impact of sleep loss on autonomic and behavioural thermoeffectors during acute exposure to low and high ambient temperatures. What advances does it highlight? Limited to moderate evidence suggests that sleep deprivation per se impairs thermoregulatory defence mechanisms during exposure to thermal extremes. Future research is required to establish whether inadequate sleep enhances the risk for cold- and heat-related illnesses. ABSTRACT Relatively short periods of inadequate sleep provoke physiological and psychological perturbations, typically leading to functional impairments and degradation in performance. It is commonly accepted that sleep deprivation also disturbs thermal homeostasis, plausibly enhancing susceptibility to cold- and heat-related illnesses. Herein, we summarize the current state of human-based evidence on the impact of short-term (i.e., ≤4 nights) sleep deprivation on autonomic and behavioural thermoeffectors during acute exposure to low and high ambient temperatures. The purpose of this brief narrative review is to highlight knowledge gaps in the area and stimulate future research to investigate whether sleep deprivation constitutes a predisposing factor for the development of thermal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail E Keramidas
- Division of Environmental Physiology, Swedish Aerospace Physiology Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Petros G Botonis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function in adult humans: a systematic review. GeroScience 2021; 43:137-158. [PMID: 33558966 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation is highly prevalent and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Age-related alterations in sleep and chronobiology may exaggerate CVD susceptibility in older individuals. The mechanisms responsible for the association between sleep deprivation and CVD are not fully understood, but endothelial dysfunction may play a central role. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review to evaluate the evidence on the effects of sleep deprivation on endothelial function (EF). This review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was pre-registered with PROSPERO (#CRD42020192485, 07/24/2020). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library for articles published through May 1, 2020. Eligibility criteria included publication in English and use of well-established EF methodologies in adult humans. Two investigators independently performed the literature search, study selection, data extraction, risk-of-bias assessment, and qualitative data synthesis. Out of 3571 articles identified, 24 articles were included in the systematic review. Main findings include the following: (1) shorter sleep duration is associated with lower macrovascular EF; (2) not sleeping 7-9 h/night is linked with impaired microvascular EF; (3) sleep restriction impairs micro- and macrovascular EF; (4) acute total sleep deprivation impairs micro- and macrovascular EF but data on macrovascular EF are less consistent; and (5) shift work impairs macrovascular EF. In conclusion, sleep deprivation impairs EF, which may explain the link between insufficient sleep and CVD. Future investigations should fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop strategies to combat the adverse endothelial effects of sleep deprivation across the lifespan.
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Williams JS, Dunford EC, Cheng JL, Moncion K, Valentino SE, Droog CA, Cherubini JM, King TJ, Noguchi KS, Wiley E, Turner JR, Tang A, Al-Khazraji BK, MacDonald MJ. The impact of the 24-h movement spectrum on vascular remodeling in older men and women: a review. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1136-H1155. [PMID: 33449851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00754.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, which are preceded by early, negative remodeling of the vasculature. Low physical activity is a well-established risk factor associated with the incidence and development of disease. However, recent physical activity literature indicates the importance of considering the 24-h movement spectrum. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the impact of the 24-h movement spectrum, specifically physical activity (aerobic and resistance training), sedentary behavior, and sleep, on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes in older adults, with a focus on recent evidence (<10 yr) and sex-based considerations. The review identifies that both aerobic training and being physically active (compared with sedentary) are associated with improvements in endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and cerebrovascular function. Additionally, there is evidence of sex-based differences in endothelial function: a blunted improvement in aerobic training in postmenopausal women compared with men. While minimal research has been conducted in older adults, resistance training does not appear to influence arterial stiffness. Poor sleep quantity or quality are associated with both impaired endothelial function and increased arterial stiffness. Finally, the review highlights mechanistic pathways involved in the regulation of vascular and cerebrovascular function, specifically the balance between pro- and antiatherogenic factors, which mediate the relationship between the 24-h movement spectrum and vascular outcomes. Finally, this review proposes future research directions: examining the role of duration and intensity of training, combining aerobic and resistance training, and exploration of sex-based differences in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Williams
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily C Dunford
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jem L Cheng
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin Moncion
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sydney E Valentino
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Connor A Droog
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua M Cherubini
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J King
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kenneth S Noguchi
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elise Wiley
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua R Turner
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ada Tang
- MacStroke Canada, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Maureen J MacDonald
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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The Effects of Sleep Quality on Dream and Waking Emotions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020431. [PMID: 33430454 PMCID: PMC7827529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in sleep and dream-related processes of emotion regulation, their reflection into waking and dream emotional experience remains unclear. We have previously described a discontinuity between wakefulness and dreaming, with a prevalence of positive emotions in wakefulness and negative emotions during sleep. Here we aim to investigate whether this profile may be affected by poor sleep quality. Twenty-three ‘Good Sleepers’ (GS) and 27 ‘Poor Sleepers’ (PS), identified through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) cut-off score, completed three forms of the modified Differential Emotions Scale, assessing, respectively, the frequency of 22 emotions over the past 2 weeks, their intensity during dreaming and during the previous day. The ANOVA revealed a different pattern of emotionality between groups: GS showed high positive emotionality in wakefulness (both past 2 weeks and 24 h) with a significant shift to negative emotionality in dreams, while PS showed evenly distributed emotional valence across all three conditions. No significant regression model emerged between waking and dream affect. In the frame of recent hypotheses on the role of dreaming in emotion regulation, our findings suggest that the different day/night expression of emotions between groups depends on a relative impairment of sleep-related processes of affect regulation in poor sleepers. Moreover, these results highlight the importance of including sleep quality assessments in future dream studies.
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Che T, Yan C, Tian D, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu Z. The Association Between Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:773646. [PMID: 34867820 PMCID: PMC8640251 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.773646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep duration is thought to play a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome. However, the results have been inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and searched publications in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrials.gov. The summary relative risks (RRs) were estimated using a random model. The sensitivity analysis was performed by sequentially excluding each study to test the robustness of the pooled estimates. FINDING We included 13 studies involving 300,202 patients in which short sleep and long sleep significantly increased the risk of metabolic syndrome 15% (RR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.09-1.22, p < 0.001) and 19% (RR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.05-1.35, p < 0.001). Moreover, the relationship between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome risk presented a U-shaped curve. Short and long sleep increased the risk of obesity by 14% (RR = 1.14, 95%CI = 1.07-1.22, p<0.001) and 15% (RR = 1.15, 95%CI = 1.00-1.30, p = 0.04), and high blood pressure 16% (RR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.02-1.31, p = 0.03) and 13% (RR = 1.13, 95%CI = 1.04-1.24, p = 0.01), respectively. Short sleep can potentially increase the risk of high blood sugar by 12% (RR = 1.12, 95%CI = 1.00-1.15, P = 0.05). IMPLICATIONS Based on our findings, sleep is a behavior that can be changed and is economical. Clinically doctors and health professionals should be encouraged to increase their efforts to promote healthy sleep for all people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Che
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingyuan Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejun Liu, ; Zhongming Wu,
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xuejun Liu, ; Zhongming Wu,
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Cherubini JM, Cheng JL, Williams JS, MacDonald MJ. Sleep deprivation and endothelial function: reconciling seminal evidence with recent perspectives. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H29-H35. [PMID: 33064569 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00607.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is critical for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis and, as such, inadequate sleep beckons a myriad of pathologies. Sleep deprivation is a growing health concern in contemporary society since short sleep durations are associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk and atherosclerotic plaque development. Vascular endothelial dysfunction is an antecedent to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Herein, we review seminal literature indicating that short sleep durations attenuate endothelial function and explore more recent evidence indicating that sleep deprivation perturbs autonomic balance and the circadian rhythmicity of peripheral vascular clock components. We further examine literature that indicates a mechanistic link between short sleep duration and endothelial dysfunction and subsequent morbidity. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate endothelial function in the context of sleep deprivation facilitates the development and optimization of interventions, such as exercise, that mitigate the ramifications of inadequate sleep on vascular function and cardiovascular health.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/sleep-deprivation-and-endothelial-function/.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jem L Cheng
- Vascular Dynamics Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Valenzuela PL, Carrera-Bastos P, Gálvez BG, Ruiz-Hurtado G, Ordovas JM, Ruilope LM, Lucia A. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol 2020; 18:251-275. [PMID: 33037326 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects approximately one third of the world's adult population and is a major cause of premature death despite considerable advances in pharmacological treatments. Growing evidence supports the use of lifestyle interventions for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of hypertension. In this Review, we provide a summary of the epidemiological research supporting the preventive and antihypertensive effects of major lifestyle interventions (regular physical exercise, body weight management and healthy dietary patterns), as well as other less traditional recommendations such as stress management and the promotion of adequate sleep patterns coupled with circadian entrainment. We also discuss the physiological mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of these lifestyle interventions on hypertension, which include not only the prevention of traditional risk factors (such as obesity and insulin resistance) and improvements in vascular health through an improved redox and inflammatory status, but also reduced sympathetic overactivation and non-traditional mechanisms such as increased secretion of myokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skane, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Beatriz G Gálvez
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Ruiz-Hurtado
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Ruilope
- Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER-CV, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Research Institute of the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain.
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Adawi M, Sabbah F, Tzischinsky O, Blum N, Bragazzi NL, Yehuda I, Tamir S, Romanenko O, Blum A. Sleep disorders and vascular responsiveness in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Intern Med 2020; 288:439-445. [PMID: 32330326 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic systemic inflammation. Half of the deaths of patients with RA are due to cardiovascular diseases (CVD), considered to be 1.5 to -2.0-fold that in the general population. Patients with RA also experience poor sleep, which by itself is associated with endothelial dysfunction, CVD events and sudden death. Our aim was to study the mechanistic pathways and the correlations between sleep efficiency and vascular reactivity of patients with RA. METHODS AND RESULTS A prospective study that evaluated quality of sleep using ACTi Graphs, vascular inflammation and endothelial function of 18 patients with RA. Inflammation was studied by levels of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and NO in serum. Endothelial function was studied using the brachial artery plethysmography method. Eighteen RA patients (aged 57.56 ± 13.55 years; 16 women) with a long-standing active RA: Eight patients had impaired sleep efficiency and 10 had a good sleep efficiency. Those who had an impaired sleep had larger baseline diameters of the brachial artery (0.39 ± 0.08 cm vs. 0.32 ± 0.04 cm; P = 0.02). Negative correlations were found between baseline brachial artery diameter and sleep efficiency (P = 0.01), and with NO level (P = 0.04). Stepwise regression found that brachial artery diameter at baseline and NO level could predict sleep efficiency (r2 = 0.543, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Vascular reactivity could predict quality of sleep in patients with RA. Quality of sleep may serve as an independent CVD risk factor in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adawi
- From the, Department of Medicine, the Rheumatology Unit, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Lower Galilee, Israel
| | - F Sabbah
- From the, Department of Medicine, the Rheumatology Unit, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Lower Galilee, Israel
| | - O Tzischinsky
- Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - N Blum
- Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - N L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Yehuda
- Department of Nutrition Sciences & MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - S Tamir
- Department of Nutrition Sciences & MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - O Romanenko
- Department of Nutrition Sciences & MIGAL, Galilee Technology Center, Tel-Hai Academic College, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - A Blum
- From the, Department of Medicine, the Rheumatology Unit, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Lower Galilee, Israel.,Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Vascular Biology Center, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Santos I, Rocha I, Gozal D, Meira e Cruz M. Obstructive sleep apnea, shift work and cardiometabolic risk. Sleep Med 2020; 74:132-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Papadakis Z, Forsse JS, Peterson MN. Acute partial sleep deprivation and high-intensity interval exercise effects on postprandial endothelial function. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2431-2444. [PMID: 32803383 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute-total and chronic-partial sleep deprivation increase the risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Cardiovascular function assessed by flow mediated dilation (FMD) is reduced after sleep deprivation. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) improves postprandial FMD. Sleep-deprived individuals may practice HIIE followed by a high-fat breakfast. This study investigated the acute-partial sleep deprivation (APSD) and HIIE interaction on postprandial FMD. METHODS Fifteen healthy males (age 31 ± 5 years) participated in: (a) reference sleep (~ 9.5 h) with no HIIE (RS), (b) RS and HIIE (RSX), and (c) APSD and HIIE (SSX). HIIE was performed in 3:2 min intervals at 90% and 40% of VO2 reserve. FMD was assessed the night before (D1), the morning of the next day (D2), 1 h (1hrPE) and 4 h post HIIE (4hrPE). RESULTS FMD% change was lower at RS compared to both RSX (F1,14 = 23.96, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.631) and SSX (F1,14 = 4.8, p = 0.47, η2 = 0.253) at 1hrPE. RSX and SSX did not differ at 1hrPE (F1,14 = 0.2, p = 0.889, η2 = 0.001), but SSX elicited greater FDM responses. Absolute FMD change was lower at RS compared to both RSX (F1,14 = 21.5, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.606) and SSX (F1,14 = 7.01, p = 0.019, η2 = 0.336) at 1hrPE. RSX and SSX did not differ at 1hrPE (F1,14 = .03, p = 0.858, η2 = 0.002), but SSX elicited greater FDM responses. CONCLUSIONS HIIE short-term effects on cardiovascular function remain cardioprotective even after an acute-partial sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Papadakis
- Human Performance Laboratory, Sport and Exercise Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Barry University, 11300 NE 2nd Ave, Miami Shores, FL, 33161, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Forsse
- Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technologies, Health Human Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX, 76798-7311, USA
| | - Matthew N Peterson
- Baylor Laboratories for Exercise Science and Technologies, Health Human Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX, 76798-7311, USA
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46
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Scott MC, Hogwood AC, Fralin RC, Weggen JB, Zúñiga TM, Garten RS. Low sleep efficiency does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function in young adults. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1373-1383. [PMID: 32495341 DOI: 10.1113/ep088658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to investigate whether young adults reporting low sleep quality possessed lower vascular function and altered autonomic nervous system modulation when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. What is the main finding and its importance? The study revealed that in young adults reporting low sleep quality, neither vascular nor autonomic function was significantly different when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. These findings suggest that young adults are either not substantially impacted by or can adequately adapt to the negative consequences commonly associated with poor sleep. ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to investigate whether young adults reporting low sleep quality also possessed lower vascular function, potentially stemming from altered autonomic nervous system modulation, when compared with young adults reporting high sleep quality. Thirty-one healthy young adults (age 24 ± 4 years) underwent a 7 night sleep assessment (Actigraph GT3X accelerometer). After the sleep assessment, subjects meeting specific criteria were separated into high (HSE; ≥85%; n = 11; eight men and three women) and low (LSE; <80%; n = 11; nine men and two women) sleep efficiency groups. Peripheral vascular function was assessed in the upper and lower limb, using the flow-mediated dilatation technique in the arm (brachial artery) and leg (superficial femoral artery). Heart rate variability was evaluated during 5 min of rest and used frequency parameters reflective of parasympathetic and/or sympathetic nervous system modulation (high- and low-frequency parameters). By experimental design, significant differences in sleep quality between groups were reported, with the LSE group exhibiting a longer time awake after sleep onset, higher number of awakenings and longer average time per awakening when compared with the HSE group. Despite these differences in sleep quality, no significant differences in upper and lower limb vascular function and heart rate variability measures were revealed when comparing the LSE and HSE groups. Additionally, in all subjects (n = 31), no correlations between sleep efficiency and vascular function/autonomic modulation were revealed. This study revealed that low sleep quality does not impact upper or lower limb vascular function or autonomic nervous system modulation in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Scott
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Austin C Hogwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Richard C Fralin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Weggen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tiffany M Zúñiga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ryan S Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Cole JL. Steroid-Induced Sleep Disturbance and Delirium: A Focused Review for Critically Ill Patients. Fed Pract 2020; 37:260-267. [PMID: 32669778 PMCID: PMC7357890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia and delirium have gained much attention since the publication of recent guidelines for the management in critically ill adults. Neurologic effects such as sleep disturbance, psychosis, and delirium are commonly cited adverse effects (AEs) of corticosteroids. Steroid use is considered a modifiable risk factor in intensive care unit patients; however, reported mechanisms are often lacking. This focused review will specifically evaluate the effects of steroids on sleep deprivation, psychosis, delirium, and what is known about these effects in a critically ill population. OBSERVATIONS The medical literature proposes 3 pathways primarily responsible for neurocognitive AEs of steroids: behavior changes through modification of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, changes in natural sleep-wake cycles, and hyperarousal caused by modification in neuroinhibitory pathways. Initial search fields produced 285 articles. Case reports, reviews, letters, and articles pertaining to primary care or palliative populations were excluded, leaving 8 relevant articles for inclusion. CONCLUSIONS Although steroid therapy often cannot be altered in the critically ill population, research showed that steroid overuse is common in intensive care units. Minimizing dosage and duration are important ways clinicians can mitigate AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Cole
- is a Critical Care and Internal Medicine Pharmacy Specialist at the Veterans Health Care System of the Ozarks in Fayetteville, Arkansas
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48
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Cernych M, Satas A, Rapalis A, Marozas V, Malciene L, Lukosevicius A, Daniuseviciute L, Brazaitis M. Exposure to total 36-hr sleep deprivation reduces physiological and psychological thermal strain to whole-body uncompensable passive heat stress in young adult men. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13055. [PMID: 32363754 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Total sleep deprivation (TSD) is associated with endothelial dysfunction and a consequent decrease in vascular reactivity and increase in peripheral vascular resistance. These effectors compromise the body's ability to thermoregulate in hot and cold stress conditions. We investigated heat-unacclimated young adult men (26 ± 2 years) to determine whether 36 hr of TSD compared to an 8 or 4-hr sleep condition, would suppress the responses of the autonomic system (body rectal temperature [Tre ], heart rate [HR], root mean square of successive interbeat intervals, physiological strain, blood pressure [BP], circulating blood catecholamines, sweating rate and subjective sensations) to whole-body uncompensable passive heat stress in traditional Finnish sauna heat (Tair = 80-90°C, rh = 30%). Sauna bathing that induced whole-body hyperthermia had a residual effect on reducing BP in the 8-hr and 4-hr sleep per night conditions according to BP measurements. By contrast, 36 hr of total wakefulness led to an increase in BP. These observed sleep deprivation-dependent differences in BP modifications were not accompanied by changes in the blood plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. However, during sauna bathing, an increase in BP following 36 hr of TSD was accompanied by significant decreases in body Tre , HR and physiological strain, together with a diminished sweating rate, enhanced vagus-mediated autonomic control of HR variability, and improved thermal perception by the subjects. Our results suggest the impaired ability of the body to accumulate external heat in the body's core under uncompensable passive heat conditions following 36 hr of TSD, because of the TSD-attenuated autonomic system response to acute heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Cernych
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Satas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Rapalis
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Marozas
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Lina Malciene
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Arunas Lukosevicius
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Daniuseviciute
- Department of Educational Studies, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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49
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Abstract
The discovery of reciprocal connections between the central nervous system, sleep and the immune system has shown that sleep enhances immune defences and that afferent signals from immune cells promote sleep. One mechanism by which sleep is proposed to provide a survival advantage is in terms of supporting a neurally integrated immune system that might anticipate injury and infectious threats. However, in modern times, chronic social threats can drive the development of sleep disturbances in humans, which can contribute to the dysregulation of inflammatory and antiviral responses. In this Review, I describe our current understanding of the relationship between sleep dynamics and host defence mechanisms, with a focus on cytokine responses, the neuroendocrine and autonomic pathways that connect sleep with the immune system and the role of inflammatory peptides in the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Furthermore, I discuss the therapeutic potential of harnessing these reciprocal mechanisms of sleep-immune regulation to mitigate the risk of inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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50
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sleep is an essential component of human health, and suboptimal sleep duration has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes physiological and pathological effects of sleep duration on the cardiovascular system. RECENT FINDINGS Both decreased and increased duration of sleep lead to increased cardiovascular mortality and has a U-shaped curve. Sleep apnea is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and hypertension, and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) results in increased survival. Estimated sleep duration of 6-8 h is associated with decreased mortality and major cardiovascular events and should be addressed by clinicians during routine visits.
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