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Harnessing conserved signaling and metabolic pathways to enhance the maturation of functional engineered tissues. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:44. [PMID: 36057642 PMCID: PMC9440900 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of induced-pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cell types offers promise for basic science, drug testing, disease modeling, personalized medicine, and translatable cell therapies across many tissue types. However, in practice many iPSC-derived cells have presented as immature in physiological function, and despite efforts to recapitulate adult maturity, most have yet to meet the necessary benchmarks for the intended tissues. Here, we summarize the available state of knowledge surrounding the physiological mechanisms underlying cell maturation in several key tissues. Common signaling consolidators, as well as potential synergies between critical signaling pathways are explored. Finally, current practices in physiologically relevant tissue engineering and experimental design are critically examined, with the goal of integrating greater decision paradigms and frameworks towards achieving efficient maturation strategies, which in turn may produce higher-valued iPSC-derived tissues.
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Klepinin A, Miller S, Reile I, Puurand M, Rebane-Klemm E, Klepinina L, Vija H, Zhang S, Terzic A, Dzeja P, Kaambre T. Stable Isotope Tracing Uncovers Reduced γ/β-ATP Turnover and Metabolic Flux Through Mitochondrial-Linked Phosphotransfer Circuits in Aggressive Breast Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:892195. [PMID: 35712500 PMCID: PMC9194814 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.892195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in dynamics of ATP γ- and β-phosphoryl turnover and metabolic flux through phosphotransfer pathways in cancer cells are still unknown. Using 18O phosphometabolite tagging technology, we have discovered phosphotransfer dynamics in three breast cancer cell lines: MCF7 (non-aggressive), MDA-MB-231 (aggressive), and MCF10A (control). Contrary to high intracellular ATP levels, the 18O labeling method revealed a decreased γ- and β-ATP turnover in both breast cancer cells, compared to control. Lower β-ATP[18O] turnover indicates decreased adenylate kinase (AK) flux. Aggressive cancer cells had also reduced fluxes through hexokinase (HK) G-6-P[18O], creatine kinase (CK) [CrP[18O], and mitochondrial G-3-P[18O] substrate shuttle. Decreased CK metabolic flux was linked to the downregulation of mitochondrial MTCK1A in breast cancer cells. Despite the decreased overall phosphoryl flux, overexpression of HK2, AK2, and AK6 isoforms within cell compartments could promote aggressive breast cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Klepinin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Aleksandr Klepinin, ; Tuuli Kaambre,
| | - Sten Miller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Indrek Reile
- Laboratory of Chemical Physics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Egle Rebane-Klemm
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ljudmila Klepinina
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Heiki Vija
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Song Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andre Terzic
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Petras Dzeja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tuuli Kaambre
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
- *Correspondence: Aleksandr Klepinin, ; Tuuli Kaambre,
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Ahn B, Chae YS, Lee SK, Kim M, Kim HS, Moon JW, Park SH. Identification of novel DNA hypermethylation of the adenylate kinase 5 promoter in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12626. [PMID: 34135408 PMCID: PMC8209216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92147-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) belongs to the adenylate kinase family that catalyses reversible phosphate transfer between adenine nucleotides, and it is related to various energetic signalling mechanisms. However, the role of AK5 in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been reported. In this study, AK5 was significantly hypermethylated in CRC compared to adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.0001) and normal tissues (P = 0.0015). Although the difference in mRNA expression was not statistically significant in all of them, the selected 49 cases of CRC tissues with AK5 hypermethylation with the cut off value of 40% showed a significant inverse correlation with mRNA expression (P = 0.0003). DNA methylation of AK5 promoter significantly decreased and AK5 expression recovered by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, DNA methyltransferase inhibitor in CRC cell lines. In addition, AK5 promoter activity significantly decreased due to DNA methyltransferase, and it increased due to 5-aza. Moreover, AK5 regulated the phosphorylated AMPK and mTOR phosphorylation and inhibited the cell migration and cell invasion in CRC cell lines. Furthermore, low AK5 expression is associated with poor differentiation (P = 0.014). These results demonstrate that the AK5 promoter is frequently hypermethylated and induced methylation-mediated gene down-regulation. AK5 expression regulates AMPK/mTOR signalling and may be closely related to metastasis in colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Ahn
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Seok Chae
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Medicine and Life Sciences, Journal, Springer Nature, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moa Kim
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Moon
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,BK21Plus Medical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Hwa Park
- Institute of Human Genetics, Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Xie M, Zhang G, Zhang H, Chen F, Chen Y, Zhuang Y, Huang Z, Zou F, Liu M, An G, Kang X, Chen Z. Adenylate kinase 1 deficiency disrupts mouse sperm motility under conditions of energy stress†. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:1121-1131. [PMID: 32744313 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa are highly polarized cells characterized by compartmentalized cellular structures and energy metabolism. Adenylate kinase (AK), which interconverts two ADP molecules into stoichiometric amounts of ATP and AMP, plays a critical role in buffering adenine nucleotides throughout the tail to support flagellar motility. Yet the role of the major AK isoform, AK1, is still not well characterized. Here, by using a proteomic analysis of testis biopsy samples, we found that AK1 levels were significantly decreased in nonobstructive azoospermia patients. This result was further verified by immunohistochemical staining of AK1 on a tissue microarray. AK1 was found to be expressed in post-meiotic round and elongated spermatids in mouse testis and subsequent mature sperm in the epididymis. We then generated Ak1 knockout mice, which showed that AK1 deficiency did not induce any defects in testis development, spermatogenesis, or sperm morphology and motility under physiological conditions. We further investigated detergent-modeled epididymal sperm and included individual or mixed adenine nucleotides to mimic energy stress. When only ADP was available, Ak1 disruption largely compromised sperm motility, manifested as a smaller beating amplitude and higher beating frequency, which resulted in less effective forward swimming. The energy restriction/recover experiments with intact sperm further addressed this finding. Besides, decreased AK activity was observed in sperm of a male fertility disorder mouse model induced by cadmium chloride. These results cumulatively demonstrate that AK1 was dispensable for testis development, spermatogenesis, or sperm motility under physiological conditions, but was required for sperm to maintain a constant adenylate energy charge to support sperm motility under conditions of energy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyu Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guofei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hanbin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feilong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zicong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Zou
- Department of Urology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng An
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Kang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenguo Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Pienkowska M, Choufani S, Turinsky AL, Guha T, Merino DM, Novokmet A, Brudno M, Weksberg R, Shlien A, Hawkins C, Bouffet E, Tabori U, Gilbertson R, Finlay JL, Jabado N, Thomas C, Sill M, Capper D, Hasselblatt M, Malkin D. DNA methylation signature is prognostic of choroid plexus tumor aggressiveness. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:117. [PMID: 31409384 PMCID: PMC6692938 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histological grading of choroid plexus tumors (CPTs) remains the best prognostic tool to distinguish between aggressive choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) and the more benign choroid plexus papilloma (CPP) or atypical choroid plexus papilloma (aCPP); however, these distinctions can be challenging. Standard treatment of CPC is very aggressive and often leads to severe damage to the young child's brain. Therefore, it is crucial to distinguish between CPC and less aggressive entities (CPP or aCPP) to avoid unnecessary exposure of the young patient to neurotoxic therapy. To better stratify CPTs, we utilized DNA methylation (DNAm) to identify prognostic epigenetic biomarkers for CPCs. METHODS We obtained DNA methylation profiles of 34 CPTs using the HumanMethylation450 BeadChip from Illumina, and the data was analyzed using the Illumina Genome Studio analysis software. Validation of differentially methylated CpG sites chosen as biomarkers was performed using pyrosequencing analysis on additional 22 CPTs. Sensitivity testing of the CPC DNAm signature was performed on a replication cohort of 61 CPT tumors obtained from Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Germany. RESULTS Generated genome-wide DNAm profiles of CPTs showed significant differences in DNAm between CPCs and the CPPs or aCPPs. The prediction of clinical outcome could be improved by combining the DNAm profile with the mutational status of TP53. CPCs with homozygous TP53 mutations clustered as a group separate from those carrying a heterozygous TP53 mutation or CPCs with wild type TP53 (TP53-wt) and showed the worst survival outcome. Specific DNAm signatures for CPCs revealed AK1, PER2, and PLSCR4 as potential biomarkers for CPC that can be used to improve molecular stratification for diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that combining specific DNAm signature for CPCs with histological approaches better differentiate aggressive tumors from those that are not life threatening. These findings have important implications for future prognostic risk prediction in clinical disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Pienkowska
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Sanaa Choufani
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Andrei L. Turinsky
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Center for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Tanya Guha
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Diana M. Merino
- Friends of Cancer Research, 1800 M Street, NW, Suite 1050 South, Washington, DC 20036 USA
| | - Ana Novokmet
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
| | - Michael Brudno
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Center for Computational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 40 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2E4 Canada
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
| | - Richard Gilbertson
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge Cancer Center, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE England
| | - Jonathan L. Finlay
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, 700 Children’s Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Montreal Children’s Hospital of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC), 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal, Québec, H4A 3 J1 Canada
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Sill
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center at the NCT Heidelberg (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Capper
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Neuropathology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 80, 10117, Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hasselblatt
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - David Malkin
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, PGCRL, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A4 Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8 Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1 L7 Canada
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Causey DR, Kim JH, Stead DA, Martin SAM, Devlin RH, Macqueen DJ. Proteomic comparison of selective breeding and growth hormone transgenesis in fish: Unique pathways to enhanced growth. J Proteomics 2018; 192:114-124. [PMID: 30153513 PMCID: PMC7086150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In fish used for food production and scientific research, fast growth can be achieved via selective breeding or induced instantaneously via growth hormone (GH) transgenesis (GHT). The proteomic basis for these distinct routes towards a similar higher phenotype remains uncharacterized, as are associated implications for health parameters. We addressed this knowledge gap using skeletal muscle proteomics in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), hypothesising that i) selective breeding and GHT are underpinned by both parallel and unique changes in growth systems, and ii) rapidly-growing fish strains have lowered scope to allocate resources towards immune function. Quantitative profiling of GHT and growth-selected strains was done in comparison to wild-type after injection with PBS (control) or Poly I:C (to mimic infection). We identified remodelling of the muscle proteome in each growth-enhanced strain that was strikingly non-overlapping. GHT was characterized by focal upregulation of systems driving protein synthesis, while the growth-selected fish presented a larger and more diverse set of changes, consistent with complex alterations to many metabolic and cellular pathways. Poly I:C had little detectable effect on the muscle proteome. This study demonstrates that distinct proteome profiles can explain outwardly similar enhanced growth phenotypes, improving our understanding of growth mechanisms in anthropogenic animal strains. Significance This work provides the first proteomic insights into mechanisms underpinning different anthropogenic routes to rapid growth in salmon. High-throughput proteomic profiling was used to reveal changes supporting enhanced growth, comparing skeletal muscle of growth hormone transgenic (GHT) and selectively-bred salmon strains with their wild-type counterparts. Contrasting past mRNA-level comparisons of the same fish strains, our data reveals a surprisingly substantial proteomic divergence between the GHT and selectively bred strains. The findings demonstrate that many unique molecular mechanisms underlie growth-enhanced phenotypes in different types of fish strain used for food production and scientific research. Mechanistic basis for rapid growth poorly understood in fish. Comparative proteomic profiling done in fish strains showing highly enhanced growth. Distinct basis for enhanced growth comparing transgenic and domesticated fish strains. Highly distinct proteome profiles may explain outwardly similar growth phenotypes. Study enhances understanding of how rapid growth is achieved in anthropogenic animal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwight R Causey
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jin-Hyoung Kim
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, British Columbia V7V 1N6, Canada; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - David A Stead
- Aberdeen Proteomics, University of Aberdeen, Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Robert H Devlin
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, West Vancouver, British Columbia V7V 1N6, Canada
| | - Daniel J Macqueen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Chen YM, Huang CC, Hsiao CY, Hu S, Wang IL, Sung HC. Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) raven extract supplementation enhances muscle glycogen content and endurance exercise performance in mice. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:667-674. [PMID: 29962382 PMCID: PMC6541843 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ludwigia octovalvis extract (LOE) is a widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicine. To date, few studies have demonstrated the effect of LOE supplementation on exercise
performance, physical fatigue and biochemical profile. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of LOE extract on fatigue and ergogenic functions following
physiological challenge. Male ICR mice from 3 groups (n=8 per group) were orally administered LOE for 4 weeks at 0 (vehicle), 61.5 (LOE-1X) or 307.5 (LOE-5X) mg/kg/day. LOE
supplementation was able to dose-dependently increase endurance swimming time (P<0.0001) and decrease levels of serum lactate (P=0.0022), ammonia
(P<0.0001), creatine kinase (P<0.0001), blood urea nitrogen (P<0.0001) and glucose utilization (P<0.0001)
after acute exercise challenge. The glycogen in gastrocnemius muscle also increased with LOE treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.0001). Biochemically, AST, ALT,
LDH, CK, BUN, creatinine and UA levels were decreased with LOE treatment. Our study shows that 4-week supplementation with LOE increases muscle glycogen content storage to enhance exercise
performance and anti-fatigue effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Chen
- Health Technology College, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Hsiao
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - Sindy Hu
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Wang
- Health Technology College, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
| | - Hsin-Ching Sung
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan.,Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan
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Chang CW, Huang TZ, Chang WH, Tseng YC, Wu YT, Hsu MC. Acute Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) supplementation does not alleviate physical fatigue during exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2016; 13:20. [PMID: 27152103 PMCID: PMC4857437 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-016-0132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), known as the "queen of fruit," is widely consumed and unique not only because of its outstanding appearance and flavor but also its remarkable and diverse pharmacological effects. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of acute mangosteen supplementation on physical fatigue during exercise. Methods A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study was carried out by 12 healthy adults. The participants were randomly assigned to receive acute oral administration of either 250 mL of the mangosteen-based juice (supplementation treatment; 305 mg of α-mangostin and 278 mg of hydroxycitric acid) or a placebo (control treatment) 1 h before cycle ergometer exercise. Time to exhaustion, heart rate, Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion score, blood biochemical markers (namely ammonia, cortisol, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, glucose, and lactate), muscle dynamic stiffness, and Profile of Mood States (POMS) were evaluated and recorded. Results The results showed all parameters we examined were significantly altered by the exercise challenge, which demonstrated they directly reflected the condition of fatigue. However, there were no differences between the two treatments besides a positive impact on the POMS examination. Conclusions The occurrence of physical fatigue depends on multiple underlying mechanisms. We concluded that acute mangosteen supplementation had no impact on alleviating physical fatigue during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Zung Huang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tseng
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chich Hsu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 80708 Taiwan
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9
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Górecka M, Synak M, Brzezińska Z, Dąbrowski J, Żernicka E. Effect of triiodothyronine (T3) excess on fatty acid metabolism in the soleus muscle from endurance-trained rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 94:101-8. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied whether short-term administration of triiodothyronine (T3) for the last 3 days of endurance training would influence the rate of uptake of palmitic acid (PA) as well as metabolism in rat soleus muscle, in vitro. Training per se did not affect the rate of PA uptake by the soleus; however, an excess of T3increased the rate of this process at 1.5 mmol/L PA, as well as the rate that at which PA was incorporated into intramuscular triacylglycerols (TG). The rate of TG synthesis in trained euthyroid rats was reduced after exercise (1.5 mmol/L PA). The rate of PA oxidation in all of the trained rats immediately after exercise was enhanced by comparison with the sedentary values. Hyperthyroidism additionally increased the rate of this process at 1.5 mmol/L PA. After a recovery period, the rate of PA oxidation returned to the control values in both the euthyroid and the hyperthyroid groups. Examination of the high-energy phosphate levels indicated that elevated PA oxidation after exercise-training in euthyroid rats was associated with stable ATP levels and increased ADP and AMP levels, thus reducing energy cellular potential (ECP). In the hyperthyroid rats, levels of ADP and AMP were increased in the sedentary as well as the exercise-trained rats. ECP levels were high as a result of high levels of ATP and decreased levels of ADP and AMP in hyperthyroid rats after the recovery period. In conclusion, short-term hyperthyroidism accelerates PA utilization in well-trained soleus muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Górecka
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - M. Synak
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z. Brzezińska
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - J. Dąbrowski
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Żernicka
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Applied Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Gauthier MS, Pérusse JR, Lavoie MÈ, Sladek R, Madiraju SRM, Ruderman NB, Coulombe B, Prentki M, Rabasa-Lhoret R. Increased subcutaneous adipose tissue expression of genes involved in glycerolipid-fatty acid cycling in obese insulin-resistant versus -sensitive individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E2518-28. [PMID: 25210878 PMCID: PMC5393488 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT A subpopulation of obese individuals remains insulin sensitive (ISO). They represent a unique human model to investigate factors underlying insulin resistance (IR) without the confounding effect of major differences in weight/adiposity. Altered fatty-acid (FA) metabolism in sc adipose tissue (SAT) contributes to obesity-associated IR. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that ISO and body mass index-matched insulin-resistant obese (IRO) patients demonstrate differential SAT expression profiles of genes involved in glycerolipid-FA metabolism and that weight loss-induced improvement of IR ameliorates these changes. DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTION Thirty-eight nondiabetic obese women were stratified into ISO (n = 25) or IRO (n = 13) groups based on hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp results. Subjects were studied before and after a 6-month hypocaloric diet intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES mRNA (quantitative RT-PCR) and protein (mass spectrometry and immunoblots) levels were measured in SAT biopsies. RESULTS Despite having age, body mass index, and fat mass similar to ISO individuals, IRO patients had lower insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance (P < .05). Baseline SAT mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in both the synthesis and lipolysis of glycerolipid-FAs were higher in IRO individuals (P < .05), even when groups were matched for visceral adipose tissue content. The dietary intervention resulted in approximately 6% weight loss in both the IRO and ISO groups (P < .05) but only ameliorated insulin sensitivity in IRO individuals (P < .05). Likewise, the intervention reduced the expression of most glycerolipid-FA metabolism genes (P < .05), with expression levels in IRO individuals being restored to ISO levels. CONCLUSIONS Increased SAT expression of genes involved in both the synthesis and hydrolysis of glycerolipid-FAs is closely associated with IR in obese women. The results suggest that enhanced glycerolipid-FA cycling in SAT contributes to obesity-associated IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Soleil Gauthier
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (M.-S.G., J.R.P., M.-E.L., B.C., R.R.-L.), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada; Montreal Diabetes Research Center at the Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) (M.-S.G., M.-E.L., R.S., S.R.M.M., M.P., R.R.-L.), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; McGill University and Centre d'Innovation Génome Québec (R.S.), Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Molecular Nutrition Unit at the CRCHUM (S.R.M.M., M.P.), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit (N.B.R.), and Department of Medicine and Section of Endocrinology (N.B.R.), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; Departments of Biochemistry (B.C., M.P.) and Nutrition (M.-E.L., M.P., R.R.-L.), Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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11
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The many isoforms of human adenylate kinases. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 49:75-83. [PMID: 24495878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenine nucleotides are involved in a variety of cellular metabolic processes, including nucleic acid synthesis and repair, formation of coenzymes, energy transfer, cell and ciliary motility, hormone secretion, gene expression regulation and ion-channel control. Adenylate kinases are abundant phosphotransferases that catalyze the interconversion of adenine nucleotides and thus regulate the adenine nucleotide ratios in different intracellular compartments. Nine different adenylate kinase isoenzymes have been identified and characterized so far in human tissues, named AK1 to AK9 according to their order of discovery. Adenylate kinases differ in molecular weight, tissue distribution, subcellular localization, substrate and phosphate donor specificity and kinetic properties. The preferred substrate and phosphate donor of all adenylate kinases are AMP and ATP respectively, but some members of the family can phosphorylate other substrates and use other phosphate donors. In addition to their nucleoside monophosphate kinase activity, adenylate kinases were found to possess nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity as they are able to phosphorylate both ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates to their corresponding triphosphates. Nucleoside analogues are structural analogues of natural nucleosides, used in the treatment of cancer and viral infections. They are inactive prodrugs that are dependent on intracellular phosphorylation to their pharmacologically active triphosphate form. Novel data presented in this review confirm the role of adenylate kinases in the activation of deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine nucleoside analogues.
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12
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Bridgewater LC, Mayo JL, Evanson BG, Whitt ME, Dean SA, Yates JD, Holden DN, Schmidt AD, Fox CL, Dhunghel S, Steed KS, Adam MM, Nichols CA, Loganathan SK, Barrow JR, Hancock CR. A novel bone morphogenetic protein 2 mutant mouse, nBmp2NLS(tm), displays impaired intracellular Ca2+ handling in skeletal muscle. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:125492. [PMID: 24369527 PMCID: PMC3863484 DOI: 10.1155/2013/125492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 10/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We recently reported a novel form of BMP2, designated nBMP2, which is translated from an alternative downstream start codon and is localized to the nucleus rather than secreted from the cell. To examine the function of nBMP2 in the nucleus, we engineered a gene-targeted mutant mouse model (nBmp2NLS(tm)) in which nBMP2 cannot be translocated to the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of nBMP2 staining in the myonuclei of wild type but not mutant skeletal muscle. The nBmp2NLS(tm) mouse exhibits altered function of skeletal muscle as demonstrated by a significant increase in the time required for relaxation following a stimulated twitch contraction. Force frequency analysis showed elevated force production in mutant muscles compared to controls from 10 to 60 Hz stimulation frequency, consistent with the mutant muscle's reduced ability to relax between rapidly stimulated contractions. Muscle relaxation after contraction is mediated by the active transport of Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum by sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA), and enzyme activity assays revealed that SERCA activity in skeletal muscle from nBmp2NLS(tm) mice was reduced to approximately 80% of wild type. These results suggest that nBMP2 plays a role in the establishment or maintenance of intracellular Ca(2+) transport pathways in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Bridgewater
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jaime L. Mayo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bradley G. Evanson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Megan E. Whitt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Spencer A. Dean
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Joshua D. Yates
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Devin N. Holden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Alina D. Schmidt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Christopher L. Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Saroj Dhunghel
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Kevin S. Steed
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Michael M. Adam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Caitlin A. Nichols
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Sampath K. Loganathan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, 775-A WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffery R. Barrow
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chad R. Hancock
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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13
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Fontes-Oliveira CC, Busquets S, Fuster G, Ametller E, Figueras M, Olivan M, Toledo M, López-Soriano FJ, Qu X, Demuth J, Stevens P, Varbanov A, Wang F, Isfort RJ, Argilés JM. A differential pattern of gene expression in skeletal muscle of tumor-bearing rats reveals dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling together with additional muscle alterations. Muscle Nerve 2013; 49:233-48. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.23893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cibely Cristine Fontes-Oliveira
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Elisabet Ametller
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Maite Figueras
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
| | - Francisco J. López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Xiaoyan Qu
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Jeffrey Demuth
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Paula Stevens
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Alex Varbanov
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Robert J. Isfort
- Procter & Gamble; Mason Business Center; 8700 Mason-Montgomery Road Mason Ohio 45040 USA
| | - Josep M. Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia; Universitat de Barcelona; Diagonal 643 Barcelona 08028 Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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14
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Ceddia RB. The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in regulating white adipose tissue metabolism. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:194-203. [PMID: 22750051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a heterotrimeric enzyme that plays a major role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis in various organs and tissues. When activated, AMPK can induce substrate catabolism and shut down energy-consuming anabolic pathways to increase intracellular ATP availability. Even though most of these effects have been described in muscle and liver, several studies have provided compelling evidence that AMPK also plays an important role in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) glucose and lipid metabolism. In fact, the effects of acute and chronic AMPK activation in the WAT induce profound changes in adiposity with important implications for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders. This review discusses the role of AMPK in the regulation of white adipocyte metabolism with respect to energy storage and release, gene expression, mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative capacity, cell differentiation, and the potential impact on whole-body adiposity and energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Ceddia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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15
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Finsterer J. Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue during exercise. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:218. [PMID: 23136874 PMCID: PMC3534479 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of peripheral muscle fatigue (BPMFs) are used to offer insights into mechanisms of exhaustion during exercise in order to detect abnormal fatigue or to detect defective metabolic pathways. This review aims at describing recent advances and future perspectives concerning the most important biomarkers of muscle fatigue during exercise. RESULTS BPMFs are classified according to the mechanism of fatigue related to adenosine-triphosphate-metabolism, acidosis, or oxidative-metabolism. Muscle fatigue is also related to an immunological response. impaired calcium handling, disturbances in bioenergetic pathways, and genetic responses. The immunological and genetic response may make the muscle susceptible to fatigue but may not directly cause muscle fatigue. Production of BPMFs is predominantly dependent on the type of exercise. BPMFs need to change as a function of the process being monitored, be stable without appreciable diurnal variations, correlate well with exercise intensity, and be present in detectable amounts in easily accessible biological fluids. The most well-known BPMFs are serum lactate and interleukin-6. The most widely applied clinical application is screening for defective oxidative metabolism in mitochondrial disorders by means of the lactate stress test. The clinical relevance of most other BPMFs, however, is under debate, since they often depend on age, gender, physical fitness, the energy supply during exercise, the type of exercise needed to produce the BPMF, and whether healthy or diseased subjects are investigated. CONCLUSIONS Though the role of BPMFs during fatigue is poorly understood, measuring BPMFs under specific, standardised conditions appears to be helpful for assessing biological states or processes during exercise and fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
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16
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Gorostiaga EM, Navarro-Amézqueta I, Calbet JAL, Hellsten Y, Cusso R, Guerrero M, Granados C, González-Izal M, Ibañez J, Izquierdo M. Energy metabolism during repeated sets of leg press exercise leading to failure or not. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40621. [PMID: 22808209 PMCID: PMC3396634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation examined the influence of the number of repetitions per set on power output and muscle metabolism during leg press exercise. Six trained men (age 34±6 yr) randomly performed either 5 sets of 10 repetitions (10REP), or 10 sets of 5 repetitions (5REP) of bilateral leg press exercise, with the same initial load and rest intervals between sets. Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were taken before the first set, and after the first and the final sets. Compared with 5REP, 10REP resulted in a markedly greater decrease (P<0.05) of the power output, muscle PCr and ATP content, and markedly higher (P<0.05) levels of muscle lactate and IMP. Significant correlations (P<0.01) were observed between changes in muscle PCr and muscle lactate (R2 = 0.46), between changes in muscle PCr and IMP (R2 = 0.44) as well as between changes in power output and changes in muscle ATP (R2 = 0.59) and lactate (R2 = 0.64) levels. Reducing the number of repetitions per set by 50% causes a lower disruption to the energy balance in the muscle. The correlations suggest that the changes in PCr and muscle lactate mainly occur simultaneously during exercise, whereas IMP only accumulates when PCr levels are low. The decrease in ATP stores may contribute to fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban M Gorostiaga
- Studies, Research and Sport Medicine Center, Government of Navarre, Pamplona, Spain.
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17
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Law AWL, Lescar J, Hao Q, Kotaka M. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Plasmodium falciparum GTP:AMP phosphotransferase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:671-4. [PMID: 22684067 PMCID: PMC3370907 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112015862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate kinases (AKs) are phosphotransferase enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of adenine nucleotides, thereby playing an important role in energy metabolism. In Plasmodium falciparum, three AK isoforms, namely PfAK1, PfAK2 and GTP:AMP phosphotransferase (PfGAK), have been identified. While PfAK1 and PfAK2 catalyse the conversion of ATP and AMP to two molecules of ADP, PfGAK exhibits a substrate preference for GTP and AMP and does not accept ATP as a substrate. PfGAK was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using two-step chromatography. Brown hexagonal crystals of PfGAK were obtained and a preliminary diffraction analysis was performed. X-ray diffraction data for a single PfGAK crystal were processed to 2.9 Å resolution in space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 123.49, c = 180.82 Å, α = β = 90, γ = 120°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan W. L. Law
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Julien Lescar
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
- AFMB, CNRS UMR6098, Marseille, France
| | - Quan Hao
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Masayo Kotaka
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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18
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Plaideau C, Liu J, Hartleib-Geschwindner J, Bastin-Coyette L, Bontemps F, Oscarsson J, Hue L, Rider MH. Overexpression of AMP-metabolizing enzymes controls adenine nucleotide levels and AMPK activation in HEK293T cells. FASEB J 2012; 26:2685-94. [PMID: 22415305 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-198168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether overexpression of AMP-metabolizing enzymes in intact cells would modulate oligomycin-induced AMPK activation. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells were transiently transfected with increasing amounts of plasmid vectors to obtain a graded increase in overexpression of AMP-deaminase (AMPD) 1, AMPD2, and soluble 5'-nucleotidase IA (cN-IA) for measurements of AMPK activation and total intracellular adenine nucleotide levels induced by oligomycin treatment. Overexpression of AMPD1 and AMPD2 slightly decreased AMP levels and oligomycin-induced AMPK activation. Increased overexpression of cN-IA led to reductions in the oligomycin-induced increases in AMP and ADP concentrations by ∼70 and 50%, respectively, concomitant with a 50% decrease in AMPK activation. The results support the view that a rise in ADP as well as AMP is important for activation of AMPK, which can thus be regulated by the adenylate energy charge. The control coefficient of cN-IA on AMP was 0.3-0.7, whereas the values for AMPD1 and AMPD2 were <0.1, suggesting that in this model cN-IA exerts a large proportion of control over intracellular AMP. Therefore, small molecule inhibition of cN-IA could be a strategy for AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catheline Plaideau
- Université Catholique de Louvain and de Duve Institute, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Kulkarni SS, Karlsson HKR, Szekeres F, Chibalin AV, Krook A, Zierath JR. Suppression of 5'-nucleotidase enzymes promotes AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and metabolism in human and mouse skeletal muscle. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34567-74. [PMID: 21873433 PMCID: PMC3186409 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.268292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5'-nucleotidase (NT5) family of enzyme dephosphorylates non-cyclic nucleoside monophosphates to produce nucleosides and inorganic phosphates. We hypothesized that gene silencing of NT5 enzymes to increase the intracellular availability of AMP would increase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity and metabolism. We determined the role of cytosolic NT5 in metabolic responses linked to the development of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Using siRNA to silence NT5C2 expression in cultured human myotubes, we observed a 2-fold increase in the AMP/ATP ratio, a 2.4-fold increase in AMPK phosphorylation (Thr(172)), and a 2.8-fold increase in acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation (Ser(79)) (p < 0.05). siRNA silencing of NT5C2 expression increased palmitate oxidation by 2-fold in the absence and by 8-fold in the presence of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-d-ribofuranoside. This was paralleled by an increase in glucose transport and a decrease in glucose oxidation, incorporation into glycogen, and lactate release from NT5C2-depleted myotubes. Gene silencing of NT5C1A by shRNA injection and electroporation in mouse tibialis anterior muscle reduced protein content (60%; p < 0.05) and increased phosphorylation of AMPK (60%; p < 0.05) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (50%; p < 0.05) and glucose uptake (20%; p < 0.05). Endogenous expression of NT5C enzymes inhibited basal lipid oxidation and glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Reduction of 5'-nucleotidase expression or activity may promote metabolic flexibility in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer S. Kulkarni
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan K. R. Karlsson
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ferenc Szekeres
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V. Chibalin
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R. Zierath
- From the Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abbott MJ, Bogachus LD, Turcotte LP. AMPKα2 deficiency uncovers time dependency in the regulation of contraction-induced palmitate and glucose uptake in mouse muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:125-34. [PMID: 21551008 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00807.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a fuel sensor in skeletal muscle with multiple downstream signaling targets that may be triggered by increases in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]). The purpose of this study was to determine whether increases in intracellular [Ca(2+)] induced by caffeine act solely via AMPKα(2) and whether AMPKα(2) is essential to increase glucose uptake, fatty acid (FA) uptake, and FA oxidation in contracting skeletal muscle. Hindlimbs from wild-type (WT) or AMPKα(2) dominant-negative (DN) transgene mice were perfused during rest (n = 11), treatment with 3 mM caffeine (n = 10), or muscle contraction (n = 11). Time-dependent effects on glucose and FA uptake were uncovered throughout the 20-min muscle contraction perfusion period (P < 0.05). Glucose uptake rates did not increase in DN mice during muscle contraction until the last 5 min of the protocol (P < 0.05). FA uptake rates were elevated at the onset of muscle contraction and diminished by the end of the protocol in DN mice (P < 0.05). FA oxidation rates were abolished in the DN mice during muscle contraction (P < 0.05). The DN transgene had no effect on caffeine-induced FA uptake and oxidation (P > 0.05). Glucose uptake rates were blunted in caffeine-treated DN mice (P < 0.05). The DN transgene resulted in a greater use of intramuscular triglycerides as a fuel source during muscle contraction. The DN transgene did not alter caffeine- or contraction-mediated changes in the phosphorylation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I or ERK1/2 (P > 0.05). These data suggest that AMPKα(2) is involved in the regulation of substrate uptake in a time-dependent manner in contracting muscle but is not necessary for regulation of FA uptake and oxidation during caffeine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia J Abbott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0652, USA
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Dzeja PP, Chung S, Faustino RS, Behfar A, Terzic A. Developmental enhancement of adenylate kinase-AMPK metabolic signaling axis supports stem cell cardiac differentiation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19300. [PMID: 21556322 PMCID: PMC3083437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Energetic and metabolic circuits that orchestrate cell differentiation are largely unknown. Adenylate kinase (AK) and associated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) constitute a major metabolic signaling axis, yet the role of this system in guiding differentiation and lineage specification remains undefined. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiac stem cell differentiation is the earliest event in organogenesis, and a suitable model of developmental bioenergetics. Molecular profiling of embryonic stem cells during cardiogenesis revealed here a distinct expression pattern of adenylate kinase and AMPK genes that encode the AK-AMP-AMPK metabolic surveillance axis. Cardiac differentiation upregulated cytosolic AK1 isoform, doubled AMP-generating adenylate kinase activity, and increased AMP/ATP ratio. At cell cycle initiation, AK1 translocated into the nucleus and associated with centromeres during energy-consuming metaphase. Concomitantly, the cardiac AMP-signal receptor AMPKα2 was upregulated and redistributed to the nuclear compartment as signaling-competent phosphorylated p-AMPKα(Thr172). The cardiogenic growth factor TGF-β promoted AK1 expression, while knockdown of AK1, AK2 and AK5 activities with siRNA or suppression by hyperglycemia disrupted cardiogenesis compromising mitochondrial and myofibrillar network formation and contractile performance. Induction of creatine kinase, the alternate phosphotransfer pathway, compensated for adenylate kinase-dependent energetic deficits. CONCLUSIONS Developmental deployment and upregulation of the adenylate kinase/AMPK tandem provides a nucleocytosolic energetic and metabolic signaling vector integral to execution of stem cell cardiac differentiation. Targeted redistribution of the adenylate kinase-AMPK circuit associated with cell cycle and asymmetric cell division uncovers a regulator for cardiogenesis and heart tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras P. Dzeja
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PPD); (AT)
| | - Susan Chung
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Randolph S. Faustino
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Atta Behfar
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andre Terzic
- Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PPD); (AT)
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22
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The characterization of human adenylate kinases 7 and 8 demonstrates differences in kinetic parameters and structural organization among the family of adenylate kinase isoenzymes. Biochem J 2011; 433:527-34. [PMID: 21080915 DOI: 10.1042/bj20101443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Differences in expression profiles, substrate specificities, kinetic properties and subcellular localization among the AK (adenylate kinase) isoenzymes have been shown to be important for maintaining a proper adenine nucleotide composition for many different cell functions. In the present study, human AK7 was characterized and its substrate specificity, kinetic properties and subcellular localization determined. In addition, a novel member of the human AK family, with two functional domains, was identified and characterized and assigned the name AK8. AK8 is the second known human AK with two complete and active AK domains within its polypeptide chain, a feature that has previously been shown for AK5. The full-length AK8, as well as its two domains AK8p1 and AK8p2, all showed similar AK enzyme activity. AK7, full-length AK8, AK8p1 and AK8p2 phosphorylated AMP, CMP, dAMP and dCMP with ATP as the phosphate donor, and also AMP, CMP and dCMP with GTP as the phosphate donor. Both AK7 and full-length AK8 showed highest affinity for AMP with ATP as the phosphate donor, and proved to be more efficient in AMP phosphorylation as compared with the major cytosolic isoform AK1. Expression of the proteins fused with green fluorescent protein demonstrated a cytosolic localization for both AK7 and AK8.
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23
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Yan Z, Okutsu M, Akhtar YN, Lira VA. Regulation of exercise-induced fiber type transformation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 110:264-74. [PMID: 21030673 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00993.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle exhibits superb plasticity in response to changes in functional demands. Chronic increases of skeletal muscle contractile activity, such as endurance exercise, lead to a variety of physiological and biochemical adaptations in skeletal muscle, including mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and fiber type transformation. These adaptive changes are the basis for the improvement of physical performance and other health benefits. This review focuses on recent findings in genetically engineered animal models designed to elucidate the mechanisms and functions of various signal transduction pathways and gene expression programs in exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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24
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Viollet B, Horman S, Leclerc J, Lantier L, Foretz M, Billaud M, Giri S, Andreelli F. AMPK inhibition in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 45:276-95. [PMID: 20522000 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2010.488215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
All living organisms depend on dynamic mechanisms that repeatedly reassess the status of amassed energy, in order to adapt energy supply to demand. The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alphabetagamma heterotrimer has emerged as an important integrator of signals managing energy balance. Control of AMPK activity involves allosteric AMP and ATP regulation, auto-inhibitory features and phosphorylation of its catalytic (alpha) and regulatory (beta and gamma) subunits. AMPK has a prominent role not only as a peripheral sensor but also in the central nervous system as a multifunctional metabolic regulator. AMPK represents an ideal second messenger for reporting cellular energy state. For this reason, activated AMPK acts as a protective response to energy stress in numerous systems. However, AMPK inhibition also actively participates in the control of whole body energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss recent findings that support the role and function of AMPK inhibition under physiological and pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France.
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25
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Lira VA, Benton CR, Yan Z, Bonen A. PGC-1alpha regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 299:E145-61. [PMID: 20371735 PMCID: PMC2928513 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00755.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a major regulator of exercise-induced phenotypic adaptation and substrate utilization. We provide an overview of 1) the role of PGC-1alpha in exercise-mediated muscle adaptation and 2) the possible insulin-sensitizing role of PGC-1alpha. To these ends, the following questions are addressed. 1) How is PGC-1alpha regulated, 2) what adaptations are indeed dependent on PGC-1alpha action, 3) is PGC-1alpha altered in insulin resistance, and 4) are PGC-1alpha-knockout and -transgenic mice suitable models for examining therapeutic potential of this coactivator? In skeletal muscle, an orchestrated signaling network, including Ca(2+)-dependent pathways, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), and p38 MAPK, is involved in the control of contractile protein expression, angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and other adaptations. However, the p38gamma MAPK/PGC-1alpha regulatory axis has been confirmed to be required for exercise-induced angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis but not for fiber type transformation. With respect to a potential insulin-sensitizing role of PGC-1alpha, human studies on type 2 diabetes suggest that PGC-1alpha and its target genes are only modestly downregulated (< or =34%). However, studies in PGC-1alpha-knockout or PGC-1alpha-transgenic mice have provided unexpected anomalies, which appear to suggest that PGC-1alpha does not have an insulin-sensitizing role. In contrast, a modest ( approximately 25%) upregulation of PGC-1alpha, within physiological limits, does improve mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and insulin sensitivity in healthy and insulin-resistant skeletal muscle. Taken altogether, there is substantial evidence that the p38gamma MAPK-PGC-1alpha regulatory axis is critical for exercise-induced metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle, and strategies that upregulate PGC-1alpha, within physiological limits, have revealed its insulin-sensitizing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor A Lira
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Korea
| | - Sooho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Korea
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27
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Gaidhu MP, Ceddia RB. Remodeling glucose and lipid metabolism through AMPK activation: relevance for treating obesity and Type 2 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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28
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Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates metabolism in response to energy demand and supply. AMPK is activated in response to rises in intracellular AMP or calcium-mediated signalling and is responsible for phosphorylating a wide variety of substrates. Recent structural studies have revealed the architecture of the alphabetagamma subunit interactions as well as the AMP binding pockets on the gamma subunit. The alpha catalytic domain (1-280) is autoinhibited by a C-terminal tail (313-335), which is proposed to interact with the small lobe of the catalytic domain by homology modelling with the MARK2 protein structure. Two direct activating drugs have been reported for AMPK, the thienopyridone compound A769662 and PTI, which may activate by distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Oakhill
- St Vincent's Institute and Department of Medicine University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Dzeja P, Terzic A. Adenylate kinase and AMP signaling networks: metabolic monitoring, signal communication and body energy sensing. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 10:1729-1772. [PMID: 19468337 PMCID: PMC2680645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms10041729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylate kinase and downstream AMP signaling is an integrated metabolic monitoring system which reads the cellular energy state in order to tune and report signals to metabolic sensors. A network of adenylate kinase isoforms (AK1-AK7) are distributed throughout intracellular compartments, interstitial space and body fluids to regulate energetic and metabolic signaling circuits, securing efficient cell energy economy, signal communication and stress response. The dynamics of adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer regulates multiple intracellular and extracellular energy-dependent and nucleotide signaling processes, including excitation-contraction coupling, hormone secretion, cell and ciliary motility, nuclear transport, energetics of cell cycle, DNA synthesis and repair, and developmental programming. Metabolomic analyses indicate that cellular, interstitial and blood AMP levels are potential metabolic signals associated with vital functions including body energy sensing, sleep, hibernation and food intake. Either low or excess AMP signaling has been linked to human disease such as diabetes, obesity and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Recent studies indicate that derangements in adenylate kinase-mediated energetic signaling due to mutations in AK1, AK2 or AK7 isoforms are associated with hemolytic anemia, reticular dysgenesis and ciliary dyskinesia. Moreover, hormonal, food and antidiabetic drug actions are frequently coupled to alterations of cellular AMP levels and associated signaling. Thus, by monitoring energy state and generating and distributing AMP metabolic signals adenylate kinase represents a unique hub within the cellular homeostatic network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras Dzeja
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail:
(P.D.)
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30
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Abstract
AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a phylogenetically conserved fuel-sensing enzyme that is present in all mammalian cells. During exercise, it is activated in skeletal muscle in humans, and at least in rodents, also in adipose tissue, liver and perhaps other organs by events that increase the AMP/ATP ratio. When activated, AMPK stimulates energy-generating processes such as glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation and decreases energy-consuming processes such as protein and lipid synthesis. Exercise is perhaps the most powerful physiological activator of AMPK and a unique model for studying its many physiological roles. In addition, it improves the metabolic status of rodents with a metabolic syndrome phenotype, as does treatment with AMPK-activating agents; it is therefore tempting to attribute the therapeutic benefits of regular physical activity to activation of AMPK. Here we review the acute and chronic effects of exercise on AMPK activity in skeletal muscle and other tissues. We also discuss the potential role of AMPK activation in mediating the prevention and treatment by exercise of specific disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome, including Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.
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31
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Zhang SJ, Sandström ME, Aydin J, Westerblad H, Wieringa B, Katz A. Activation of glucose transport and AMP-activated protein kinase during muscle contraction in adenylate kinase-1 knockout mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 192:413-20. [PMID: 17973952 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01767.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recently it was reported that adenylate kinase-1 knockout mice (AK(-/-)) exhibit elevated rates of glucose uptake following repeated contractions and hypoxia, but the mechanism was not investigated. The purpose of the present study was to measure the changes in glucose transport and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation/activity following repeated contractions in isolated muscles from AK(-/-) mice. METHODS Extensor digitorum longus muscles underwent an intense stimulation protocol that decreased force to less than 10% of initial by the end of 10 min. Glucose uptake was measured with 2-deoxy-D-[1,2-(3)H]glucose. RESULTS Muscle glucose uptake in the basal state was identical between control and AK(-/-) mice and increased twofold in both groups during contraction. The general antioxidant: N-acetylcysteine, decreased contraction-mediated glucose uptake by 30% in both groups. AMPK activity and phosphorylation were similar in the two groups in the basal state and, surprisingly, after contraction as well (approximately threefold increase). Both groups exhibited marked decreases in adenosine triphosphate following contraction (60-70% depletion), which coincided with stoichiometric increases in the content of inosine monophosphate, an indirect marker of AMP production. Adenylate kinase activity averaged 2081 +/- 106 micromol min(-1) (g dry wt)(-1) for control and 37 +/- 10 for AK(-/-) muscles; the activity in the AK(-/-) muscle is likely accounted for by isoforms other than AK1. CONCLUSION In conclusion, AK(-/-) mice have a normal capacity for contraction-mediated glucose uptake. This appears to occur via increases in AMP and reactive oxygen species that result in the activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Winder WW, Thomson DM. Cellular energy sensing and signaling by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 47:332-47. [PMID: 17652779 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensing/signaling protein that, when activated, increases ATP production by stimulating glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation while at the same time inhibiting ATP = consuming processes such as protein synthesis. Chronic activation of AMPK inhibits expression of lipogenic enzymes in the liver and enhances expression of mitochondrial oxidative enzymes in skeletal muscle. Deficiency of muscle LKB1, the upstream kinase of AMPK, results in greater fluctuation in energy charge during muscle contraction and decreased capacity for exercise at higher work rates. Because AMPK enhances both glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, it has become a target for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W Winder
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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33
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Hardie DG. Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the metabolic syndrome and in heart disease. FEBS Lett 2007; 582:81-9. [PMID: 18022388 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 11/07/2007] [Accepted: 11/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome are disorders of energy balance, which the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates both at the cellular and whole body levels. AMPK switches cells from an anabolic state where nutrients are taken up and stored, to a catabolic state where they are oxidized. Drugs that activate AMPK indirectly (metformin and thiazolidinediones) are now the mainstay of treatment for type 2 diabetes, but more direct AMPK activators may have fewer side effects. However, activating mutations in AMPK can cause heart disease, and it will be important to look for adverse effects in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Molecular Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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34
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Hardie DG. AMP-activated/SNF1 protein kinases: conserved guardians of cellular energy. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2007; 8:774-85. [PMID: 17712357 DOI: 10.1038/nrm2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1686] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The SNF1/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family maintains the balance between ATP production and consumption in all eukaryotic cells. The kinases are heterotrimers that comprise a catalytic subunit and regulatory subunits that sense cellular energy levels. When energy status is compromised, the system activates catabolic pathways and switches off protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. Surprisingly, recent results indicate that the AMPK system is also important in functions that go beyond the regulation of energy homeostasis, such as the maintenance of cell polarity in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Grahame Hardie
- Division of Molecular Physiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK.
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35
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Dzeja PP, Bast P, Pucar D, Wieringa B, Terzic A. Defective metabolic signaling in adenylate kinase AK1 gene knock-out hearts compromises post-ischemic coronary reflow. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:31366-72. [PMID: 17704060 PMCID: PMC3232003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m705268200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Matching blood flow to myocardial energy demand is vital for heart performance and recovery following ischemia. The molecular mechanisms responsible for transduction of myocardial energetic signals into reactive vasodilatation are, however, elusive. Adenylate kinase, associated with AMP signaling, is a sensitive reporter of the cellular energy state, yet the contribution of this phosphotransfer system in coupling myocardial metabolism with coronary flow has not been explored. Here, knock out of the major adenylate kinase isoform, AK1, disrupted the synchrony between inorganic phosphate P(i) turnover at ATP-consuming sites and gamma-ATP exchange at ATP synthesis sites, as revealed by (18)O-assisted (31)P NMR. This reduced energetic signal communication in the post-ischemic heart. AK1 gene deletion blunted vascular adenylate kinase phosphotransfer, compromised the contractility-coronary flow relationship, and precipitated inadequate coronary reflow following ischemia-reperfusion. Deficit in adenylate kinase activity abrogated AMP signal generation and reduced the vascular adenylate kinase/creatine kinase activity ratio essential for the response of metabolic sensors. The sarcolemma-associated splice variant AK1beta facilitated adenosine production, a function lost in the absence of adenylate kinase activity. Adenosine treatment bypassed AK1 deficiency and restored post-ischemic flow to wild-type levels, achieving phenotype rescue. AK1 phosphotransfer thus transduces stress signals into adequate vascular response, providing linkage between cell bioenergetics and coronary flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petras P Dzeja
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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36
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Freeman S, Bartlett JB, Convey G, Hardern I, Teague JL, Loxham SJG, Allen JM, Poucher SM, Charles AD. Sensitivity of glycogen phosphorylase isoforms to indole site inhibitors is markedly dependent on the activation state of the enzyme. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:775-85. [PMID: 17016495 PMCID: PMC2014651 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of hepatic glycogen phosphorylase is a potential treatment for glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes. Selective inhibition of the liver phosphorylase isoform could minimize adverse effects in other tissues. We investigated the potential selectivity of two indole site phosphorylase inhibitors, GPi688 and GPi819. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The activity of glycogen phosphorylase was modulated using the allosteric effectors glucose or caffeine to promote the less active T state, and AMP to promote the more active R state. In vitro potency of indole site inhibitors against liver and muscle glycogen phosphorylase a was examined at different effector concentrations using purified recombinant enzymes. The potency of GPi819 was compared with its in vivo efficacy at raising glycogen concentrations in liver and muscle of Zucker (fa/fa) rats. KEY RESULTS In vitro potency of indole site inhibitors depended upon the activity state of phosphorylase a. Both inhibitors showed selectivity for liver phosphorylase a when the isoform specific activities were equal. After 5 days dosing of GPi819 (37.5 micromol kg(-1)), where free compound levels in plasma and tissue were at steady state, glycogen elevation was 1.5-fold greater in soleus muscle than in liver (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The in vivo selectivity of GPi819 did not match that seen in vitro when the specific activities of phosphorylase a isoforms are equal. This suggests T state promoters may be important physiological regulators in skeletal muscle. The greater efficacy of indole site inhibitors in skeletal muscle has implications for the overall safety profile of such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Freeman
- Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Discovery Department, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK.
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37
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Sandström ME, Zhang SJ, Bruton J, Silva JP, Reid MB, Westerblad H, Katz A. Role of reactive oxygen species in contraction-mediated glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2006; 575:251-62. [PMID: 16777943 PMCID: PMC1819411 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise increases glucose transport into skeletal muscle via a pathway that is poorly understood. We investigated the role of endogenously produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in contraction-mediated glucose transport. Repeated contractions increased 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake roughly threefold in isolated, mouse extensor digitorum longus (fast-twitch) muscle. N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), a non-specific antioxidant, inhibited contraction-mediated 2-DG uptake by approximately 50% (P < 0.05 versus control values), but did not significantly affect basal 2-DG uptake or the uptake induced by insulin, hypoxia or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR, which mimics AMP-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK). Ebselen, a glutathione peroxidase mimetic, also inhibited contraction-mediated 2-DG uptake (by almost 60%, P < 0.001 versus control values). Muscles from mice overexpressing Mn2+-dependent superoxide dismutase, which catalyses H2O2 production from superoxide anions, exhibited a approximately 25% higher rate of contraction-mediated 2-DG uptake versus muscles from wild-type control mice (P < 0.05). Exogenous H2O2 induced oxidative stress, as judged by an increase in the [GSSG]/[GSH + GSSG] (reduced glutathione + oxidized glutathione) ratio to 2.5 times control values, and this increase was substantially blocked by NAC. Similarly, NAC significantly attenuated contraction-mediated oxidative stress as judged by measurements of glutathione status and the intracellular ROS level with the fluorescent indicator 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein (P < 0.05). Finally, contraction increased AMPK activity and phosphorylation approximately 10-fold, and NAC blocked approximately 50% of these changes. These data indicate that endogenously produced ROS, possibly H2O2 or its derivatives, play an important role in contraction-mediated activation of glucose transport in fast-twitch muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Sandström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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