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Latorre J, Ortega F, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Comas F, Lluch A, Gavaldà-Navarro A, Morón-Ros S, Ricart W, Villarroya F, Giralt M, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Specific adipose tissue Lbp gene knockdown prevents diet-induced body weight gain, impacting fat accretion-related gene and protein expression. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:870-879. [PMID: 35141047 PMCID: PMC8807983 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (Lbp) has been recently identified as a relevant component of innate immunity response associated to adiposity. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of adipose tissue Lbp on weight gain and white adipose tissue (WAT) in male and female mice fed an obesogenic diet. Specific adipose tissue Lbp gene knockdown was achieved through lentiviral particles containing shRNA-Lbp injected through surgery intervention. In males, WAT Lbp mRNA levels increased in parallel to fat accretion, and specific WAT Lbp gene knockdown led to reduced body weight gain, decreased fat accretion-related gene and protein expression, and increased inguinal WAT basal lipase activity, in parallel to lowered plasma free fatty acids, leptin, triglycerides but higher glycerol levels, resulting in slightly improved insulin action in the insulin tolerance test. In both males and females, inguinal WAT Lbp gene knockdown resulted in increased Ucp1 and Ppargc1a mRNA and Ucp1 protein levels, confirming adipose Lbp as a WAT browning repressor. In perigonadal WAT, Lbp gene knockdown also resulted in increased Ucp1 mRNA levels, but only in female mice, in which it was 500-fold increased. These data suggest specific adipose tissue Lbp gene knockdown as a possible therapeutic approach in the prevention of obesity-associated fat accretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ferran Comas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Samantha Morón-Ros
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Villarroya
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Giralt
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institut de Biomedicina-Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IBUB-IRSJD), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), 17190 Salt, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
- Corresponding author J.M. Moreno-Navarrete, Ph.D, Section of Nutrition, Eumetabolism and Health, Biomedical Research Institute of Girona “Dr Josep Trueta”, C/ Dr. Castany s/n, 17190 Salt, Spain.
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Trim WV, Walhin JP, Koumanov F, Bouloumié A, Lindsay MA, Travers RL, Turner JE, Thompson D. The Impact of Long-term Physical Inactivity on Adipose Tissue Immunometabolism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:177-191. [PMID: 34480570 PMCID: PMC8684473 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipose tissue and physical inactivity both influence metabolic health and systemic inflammation, but how adipose tissue responds to chronic physical inactivity is unknown. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to characterize the impact of chronic physical inactivity on adipose tissue in healthy, young males. METHODS We collected subcutaneous adipose tissue from 20 healthy, young men before and after 60 days of complete bed rest with energy intake reduced to maintain energy balance and fat mass. We used RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, ex vivo tissue culture, and targeted protein analyses to examine adipose tissue phenotype. RESULTS Our results indicate that the adipose tissue transcriptome, stromal cellular compartment, and insulin signaling protein abundance are largely unaffected by bed rest when fat mass is kept stable. However, there was an increase in the circulating concentration of several adipokines, including plasma leptin, which was associated with inactivity-induced increases in plasma insulin and absent from adipose tissue cultured ex vivo under standardized culture conditions. CONCLUSION Physical inactivity-induced disturbances to adipokine concentrations such as leptin, without changes to fat mass, could have profound metabolic implications outside a clinical facility when energy intake is not tightly controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- William V Trim
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Jean-Philippe Walhin
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Francoise Koumanov
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - Mark A Lindsay
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Rebecca L Travers
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - James E Turner
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Dylan Thompson
- Centre for Nutrition, Exercise and Metabolism (CNEM), Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Stanhope KL, Goran MI, Bosy-Westphal A, King JC, Schmidt LA, Schwarz JM, Stice E, Sylvetsky AC, Turnbaugh PJ, Bray GA, Gardner CD, Havel PJ, Malik V, Mason AE, Ravussin E, Rosenbaum M, Welsh JA, Allister-Price C, Sigala DM, Greenwood MRC, Astrup A, Krauss RM. Pathways and mechanisms linking dietary components to cardiometabolic disease: thinking beyond calories. Obes Rev 2018; 19:1205-1235. [PMID: 29761610 PMCID: PMC6530989 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calories from any food have the potential to increase risk for obesity and cardiometabolic disease because all calories can directly contribute to positive energy balance and fat gain. However, various dietary components or patterns may promote obesity and cardiometabolic disease by additional mechanisms that are not mediated solely by caloric content. Researchers explored this topic at the 2017 CrossFit Foundation Academic Conference 'Diet and Cardiometabolic Health - Beyond Calories', and this paper summarizes the presentations and follow-up discussions. Regarding the health effects of dietary fat, sugar and non-nutritive sweeteners, it is concluded that food-specific saturated fatty acids and sugar-sweetened beverages promote cardiometabolic diseases by mechanisms that are additional to their contribution of calories to positive energy balance and that aspartame does not promote weight gain. The challenges involved in conducting and interpreting clinical nutritional research, which preclude more extensive conclusions, are detailed. Emerging research is presented exploring the possibility that responses to certain dietary components/patterns are influenced by the metabolic status, developmental period or genotype of the individual; by the responsiveness of brain regions associated with reward to food cues; or by the microbiome. More research regarding these potential 'beyond calories' mechanisms may lead to new strategies for attenuating the obesity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M I Goran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J C King
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - L A Schmidt
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- California Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, History, and Social Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J-M Schwarz
- Touro University, Vallejo, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Stice
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - A C Sylvetsky
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - P J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - C D Gardner
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - V Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - E Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M Rosenbaum
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - J A Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Wellness Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Allister-Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - M R C Greenwood
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, USA
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Ribel-Madsen A, Ribel-Madsen R, Nielsen KF, Brix S, Vaag AA, Brøns C. Plasma ceramide levels are altered in low and normal birth weight men in response to short-term high-fat overfeeding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3452. [PMID: 29472552 PMCID: PMC5823847 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) individuals have an increased risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes compared with normal birth weight (NBW) individuals. We hypothesised that LBW individuals exhibit an increased fatty acid flux into lipogenesis in non-adipose tissue with a resulting accumulation of lipotoxic lipids, including ceramides, in the blood. Therefore, we measured fasting plasma levels of 27 ceramides in 18 young, healthy, LBW men and 25 NBW controls after an isocaloric control diet and a 5-day high-fat, high-calorie diet by HPLC-HRMS. LBW men did not show elevated plasma ceramide levels after the control or high-fat, high-calorie diet. An increased fatty acid oxidation rate in these individuals during both diets may limit ceramide synthesis and thereby compensate for a likely increased fatty acid load to non-adipose tissue. Interestingly, LBW and NBW men decreased d18:0-18:1/d18:1-18:0 and d18:1-24:2/d18:2-24:1 levels and increased the d18:0-24:1a level in response to overfeeding. Plasma d18:0-24:1a and total ceramide levels were positively associated with the fasting blood glucose level and endogenous glucose production after the control diet, and the total ceramide level was in addition positively associated with hepatic insulin resistance. Further studies are needed to determine if lipotoxicity contributes to insulin resistance in LBW individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalie Ribel-Madsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. .,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kristian Fog Nielsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Allan A Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Tarca AL, Vaisbuch E, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition. J Perinat Med 2016; 44:813-835. [PMID: 26994472 PMCID: PMC5987212 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2015-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (LIMS1, HSPA5, and GSTK1) in subcutaneous tissues. CONCLUSION We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF). Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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Martin-Gronert MS, Fernandez-Twinn DS, Bushell M, Siddle K, Ozanne SE. Cell-autonomous programming of rat adipose tissue insulin signalling proteins by maternal nutrition. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1266-75. [PMID: 26965244 PMCID: PMC4861755 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Individuals with a low birthweight have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in adulthood. This is associated with peripheral insulin resistance. Here, we aimed to determine whether changes in insulin signalling proteins in white adipose tissue (WAT) can be detected prior to the onset of impaired glucose tolerance, determine whether these changes are cell-autonomous and identify the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Fourteen-month-old male rat offspring born to dams fed a standard protein (20%) diet or a low (8%) protein diet throughout gestation and lactation were studied. Fat distribution and adipocyte size were determined. Protein content and mRNA expression of key insulin signalling molecules were analysed in epididymal WAT and in pre-adipocytes that had undergone in vitro differentiation. RESULTS The offspring of low protein fed dams (LP offspring) had reduced visceral WAT mass, altered fat distribution and a higher percentage of small adipocytes in epididymal WAT. This was associated with reduced levels of IRS1, PI3K p110β, Akt1 and PKCζ proteins and of phospho-Akt Ser473. Corresponding mRNA transcript levels were unchanged. Similarly, in vitro differentiated adipocytes from LP offspring showed reduced protein levels of IRβ, IRS1, PI3K p85α and p110β subunits, and Akt1. Levels of Akt Ser473 and IRS1 Tyr612 phosphorylation were reduced, while IRS1 Ser307 phosphorylation was increased. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Maternal protein restriction during gestation and lactation changes the distribution and morphology of WAT and reduces the levels of key insulin signalling proteins in the male offspring. This phenotype is retained in in vitro differentiated adipocytes, suggesting that programming occurs via cell-autonomous mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata S Martin-Gronert
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK.
| | - Denise S Fernandez-Twinn
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Martin Bushell
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Leicester, UK
| | - Kenneth Siddle
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 289, Cambridge, CB2 OQQ, UK
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7
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Mazaki-Tovi S, Vaisbuch E, Tarca AL, Kusanovic JP, Than NG, Chaiworapongsa T, Dong Z, Hassan SS, Romero R. Characterization of Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Transcriptome and Biological Pathways in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Women: Evidence for Pregnancy-Related Regional-Specific Differences in Adipose Tissue. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143779. [PMID: 26636677 PMCID: PMC4670118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues between pregnant and non-pregnant women. Study Design The transcriptome of paired visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues from pregnant women at term and matched non-pregnant women (n = 11) was profiled with the Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Differential expression of selected genes was validated with the use of quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Results Six hundred forty-four transcripts from 633 known genes were differentially expressed (false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1; fold-change >1.5), while 42 exons from 36 genes showed differential usage (difference in FIRMA scores >2 and FDR<0.1) between the visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women. Fifty-six known genes were differentially expressed between pregnant and non-pregnant subcutaneous fat and three genes in the visceral fat. Enriched biological processes in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of pregnant women were mostly related to inflammation. Conclusion The transcriptome of visceral and subcutaneous fat depots reveals pregnancy-related gene expression and splicing differences in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Furthermore, for the first time, alternative splicing in adipose tissue has been associated with regional differences and human parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shali Mazaki-Tovi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
| | - Edi Vaisbuch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Juan Pedro Kusanovic
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Research and Innovation in Maternal-Fetal Medicine (CIMAF), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sótero del Río Hospital, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Zhong Dong
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Sonia S. Hassan
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SMT); (RR)
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Brøns C, Lilleøre SK, Astrup A, Vaag A. Disproportionately increased 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in young men with low birth weight during a high-fat overfeeding challenge. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2045-52. [PMID: 26296610 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low birth weight (LBW) associates with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. LBW individuals exhibit disproportionately reduced peripheral insulin action and increased fat oxidation after a 5-day high-fat overfeeding (HFO) challenge. Furthermore, LBW men exhibit increased nocturnal fat oxidation during energy balance and low energy expenditure (EE) during fasting. We hypothesized that short-term HFO could further unmask key defects of whole-body energy metabolism in LBW men. METHODS Eighteen LBW (2717 ± 268 g) and 26 normal birth weight (NBW) (3893 ± 207 g) healthy young men were included in a 5-day HFO (60 E % fat, +50 % calories) study. The 24-h EE, respiratory quotient and substrate oxidation rates were assessed by indirect calorimetry using respiratory chambers. RESULTS After adjusting for body composition, the LBW subjects displayed increased nighttime EE (P = 0.02) compared with NBW controls during HFO. Nighttime glucose oxidation rate was decreased (P = 0.06, adjusted P = 0.05), while both adjusted 24-h (P = 0.07) and nighttime (P = 0.02) fat oxidation rate was elevated in LBW subjects. The relative contribution of fat oxidation to EE was increased in LBW compared with NBW men during the entire 24-h period (P = 0.06) and during nighttime (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We suggest that disproportionally enhanced fat oxidation in LBW individuals during short-term HFO represents a compensatory response to reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability and storage capacity. The extent to which this mechanism may lead to, or be replaced by insulin resistance, ectopic fat accumulation and/or glucose intolerance during long-term HFO in LBW needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brøns
- Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark. .,Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and Metabolism), Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and Metabolism), Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jørgensen SW, Brøns C, Bluck L, Hjort L, Færch K, Thankamony A, Gillberg L, Friedrichsen M, Dunger DB, Vaag AA. Metabolic response to 36 hours of fasting in young men born small vs appropriate for gestational age. Diabetologia 2015; 58:178-87. [PMID: 25287712 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3406-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in an affluent society, but could confer an improved chance of survival during sparse living conditions. We studied whether insulin action and other metabolic responses to prolonged fasting differed between 21 young adults born SGA and 18 matched controls born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). METHODS A frequently sampled IVGTT and indirect calorimetry measurements were performed after a 36 h fast. Endogenous glucose production, insulin sensitivity (SI), first-phase insulin secretion and glucose effectiveness were estimated by stable isotope tracer techniques and minimal modelling. Muscle and fat biopsies were obtained after 35 h of fasting. RESULTS During fasting, SGA individuals experienced a more pronounced decrease in serum insulin and lower plasma triacylglycerol levels compared with AGA individuals. In addition, energy expenditure decreased in SGA but increased in AGA individuals. After fasting, SGA individuals displayed lower fat oxidation than AGA individuals. SG was reduced in SGA compared with AGA individuals, whereas hepatic or whole body insulin action (SI) did not differ between groups. SGA individuals had increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation. We found no differences in adipose tissue PPARGC1A DNA methylation, muscle and adipose tissue PPARGC1A mRNA expression, or muscle glycogen levels between the groups. CONCLUSION Compared with AGA individuals, SGA individuals displayed a more energy-conserving and potentially beneficial [corrected] cardiometabolic response to 36 h fasting. The role of increased muscle PPARGC1A DNA methylation in mediating this response requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sine W Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology (Diabetes and Metabolism), Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark,
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Gillberg L, Jacobsen SC, Rönn T, Brøns C, Vaag A. PPARGC1A DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in low birth weight subjects--impact of 5 days of high-fat overfeeding. Metabolism 2014; 63:263-71. [PMID: 24262291 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased DNA methylation of the metabolic regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PPARGC1A) has been reported in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects and from low birth weight (LBW) subjects with an increased risk of T2D. High-fat overfeeding increases PPARGC1A DNA methylation in muscle in a birth weight dependent manner. However, PPARGC1A DNA methylation in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in LBW subjects has not previously been investigated. Our objective was to determine PPARGC1A DNA methylation and mRNA expression in basal and insulin-stimulated SAT from LBW and matched normal birth weight (NBW) subjects during control and high-fat overfeeding. MATERIALS/METHODS Nineteen young healthy men with LBW and 26 NBW controls were studied after both a 5-day high-fat overfeeding and a control diet in a randomized crossover setting. DNA methylation was assessed with bisulfite sequencing and mRNA expression with quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Following high-fat overfeeding, increased SAT PPARGC1A DNA methylation was observed in LBW subjects but not in NBW controls. Basal SAT PPARGC1A mRNA expression was unaffected by diet and similar in the two groups. However, LBW subjects showed an increased SAT PPARGC1A mRNA expression during insulin-stimulation. SAT PPARGC1A methylation correlated inversely with mRNA expression during insulin-stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The study adds to the increasing awareness of PPARGC1A DNA methylation being flexible and influenced by high-fat overfeeding in a birth weight dependent manner with muscle and fat responding differently. Further data are needed to understand the role of PPARGC1A DNA methylation in insulin resistance and developmental programming of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linn Gillberg
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Stine C Jacobsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Tina Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Brøns
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Allan Vaag
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Tagensvej 20, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensensvej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Brøns C, Lilleøre SK, Jensen CB, Toubro S, Vaag A, Astrup A. Increased nocturnal fat oxidation in young healthy men with low birth weight: results from 24-h whole-body respiratory chamber measurements. Metabolism 2013; 62:709-16. [PMID: 23332667 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Low birth weight (LBW), a marker of disturbed fetal growth, is associated with adiposity and increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The aim of the study was to investigate whether LBW is associated with changes in 24-h energy expenditure (EE) and/or substrate utilization rates, potentially contributing to the development of adiposity and/or T2D compared to matched control subjects. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty-six young, healthy men were included in the study; 20 with LBW (≤ 10th percentile) and 26 control subjects with normal birth weight (NBW) (50th-90th percentile). The subjects were fed a weight maintenance diet and 24-h energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and substrate oxidation were assessed in a respiratory chamber. RESULTS No differences in 24-h EE, RQ or substrate oxidation were observed between LBW and controls. Interestingly, the LBW group exhibited lower nocturnal RQ compared to controls (0.81 ± 0.01 vs. 0.85 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE), P = 0.01), and hence higher nocturnal fat oxidation (2.55 ± 0.13 vs. 2.09 ± 0.12 kJ/min (mean ± SE), P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Young LBW men do not exhibit reductions in 24-h EE. However, LBW subjects display increased nocturnal fat oxidation at the expense of reduced glucose oxidation. We speculate that this may be associated with insufficient capability to retain fat in subcutaneous adipose tissue after meals during day time, with an increased rate of nocturnal and morning lipolysis, and potentially with subtle elevations of gluconeogenesis and of fasting glucose levels in the LBW subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brøns
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
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Wells JC. Obesity as malnutrition: The role of capitalism in the obesity global epidemic. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:261-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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