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Le Bacquer O, Sanchez P, Patrac V, Rivoirard C, Saroul N, Giraudet C, Kocer A, Walrand S. Cannabidiol protects C2C12 myotubes against cisplatin-induced atrophy by regulating oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1226-C1236. [PMID: 38406827 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00622.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Cancer and chemotherapy induce a severe loss of muscle mass (known as cachexia), which negatively impact cancer treatment and patient survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cannabidiol (CBD) administration may potentially antagonize the effects of cisplatin in inducing muscle atrophy, using a model of myotubes in culture. Cisplatin treatment resulted in a reduction of myotube diameter (15.7 ± 0.3 vs. 22.2 ± 0.5 µm, P < 0.01) that was restored to control level with 5 µM CBD (20.1 ± 0.4 µM, P < 0.01). Protein homeostasis was severely altered with a ≈70% reduction in protein synthesis (P < 0.01) and a twofold increase in proteolysis (P < 0.05) in response to cisplatin. Both parameters were dose dependently restored by CBD cotreatment. Cisplatin treatment was associated with increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content (0.21 ± 0.03 to 0.48 ± 0.03 nmol/mg prot, P < 0.05), catalase activity (0.24 ± 0.01 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 nmol/min/µg prot, P < 0.01), whereas CBD cotreatment normalized TBARS content to control values (0.22 ± 0.01 nmol/mg prot, P < 0.01) and reduced catalase activity (0.17 ± 0.01 nmol/min/µg prot, P < 0.05). These changes were associated with increased mRNA expression of GPX1, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT mRNA expression in response to cisplatin (P < 0.01), which was corrected by CBD cotreatment (P < 0.05). Finally, cisplatin treatment increased the mitochondrial protein content of NDUFB8, UQCRC2, COX4, and VDAC1 (involved in mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis), and CBD cotreatment restored their expression to control values. Altogether, our results demonstrated that CBD antagonize the cisplatin-induced C2C12 myotube atrophy and could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of cancer cachexia to help maintain muscle mass and improve patient quality of life.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In an in vitro model, cisplatin treatment led to myotube atrophy associated with dysregulation of protein homeostasis and increased oxidative stress, resulting in increased apoptosis. Cotreatment with cannabidiol was able to prevent this phenotype by promoting protein homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Le Bacquer
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Patrac
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - César Rivoirard
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Saroul
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ayhan Kocer
- Université Clermont Auvergne, iGReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition Clinique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Liu K, Li X, Liu Z, Ming X, Han B, Cai W, Yang X, Huang Z, Shi Z, Wu J, Hao B, Chen X. Orientin Promotes Antioxidant Capacity, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Fiber Transformation in Skeletal Muscles through the AMPK Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:6226-6235. [PMID: 38492240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The sleep-breathing condition obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive upper airway collapse, which can exacerbate oxidative stress and free radical generation, thereby detrimentally impacting both motor and sensory nerve function and inducing muscular damage. OSA development is promoted by increasing proportions of fast-twitch muscle fibers in the genioglossus. Orientin, a water-soluble dietary C-glycosyl flavonoid with antioxidant properties, increased the expression of slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) and signaling factors associated with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation both in vivo and in vitro. Inhibiting AMPK signaling diminished the effects of orientin on slow MyHC, fast MyHC, and Sirt1 expression. Overall, orientin enhanced type I muscle fibers in the genioglossus, enhanced antioxidant capacity, increased mitochondrial biogenesis through AMPK signaling, and ultimately improved fatigue resistance in C2C12 myotubes and mouse genioglossus. These findings suggest that orientin may contribute to upper airway stability in patients with OSA, potentially preventing airway collapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshu Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaoping Ming
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Baoai Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Weisong Cai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiuping Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zilin Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhenxiang Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianghao Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bin Hao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Sleep Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Liang N, He J, Yan J, Han X, Zhang X, Niu Y, Sha W, Li J. DBC1 maintains skeletal muscle integrity by enhancing myogenesis and preventing myofibre wasting. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:255-269. [PMID: 38062876 PMCID: PMC10834312 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle atrophy, particularly ageing-related muscular atrophy such as sarcopenia, is a significant health concern. Despite its prevalence, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, and specific approved medications are currently unavailable. Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a well-known regulator of senescence, metabolism or apoptosis. Recent reports suggest that DBC1 may also potentially regulate muscle function, as mice lacking DBC1 exhibit weakness and limpness. However, the function of DBC1 in skeletal muscle and its associated molecular mechanisms remain unknown, thus prompting the focus of this study. METHODS Tibialis anterior (TA) muscle-specific DBC1 knockdown C57BL/6J male mice were generated through a single injection of 2.00 E + 11 vg of adeno-associated virus 9 delivering single-guide RNA for DBC1. Grip strength and endurance were assessed 2 months later, followed by skeletal muscle harvest. Muscle atrophy model was generated by cast immobilization of the mouse hindlimb for 2 weeks. Molecular markers of atrophy were probed in muscles upon termination. Cardiotoxin (CTX) was injected in TA muscles of DBC1 knockdown mice, and muscle regeneration was assessed by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR and western blotting. DBC1 knockdown C2C12 cells and myotubes were investigated using immunofluorescence staining, Seahorse, immunohistology, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and RNA-sequencing analyses. RESULTS DBC1 knockdown in skeletal muscle of young mice led to signatures of muscle atrophy, including a 28% reduction in muscle grip force (P = 0.023), a 54.4% reduction in running distance (P = 0.002), a 14.3% reduction in muscle mass (P = 0.007) and significantly smaller myofibre cross-sectional areas (P < 0.0001). DBC1 levels decrease in age-related or limb immobilization-induced atrophic mouse muscles and overexpress DBC1-attenuated atrophic phenotypes in these mice. Muscle regeneration was hampered in mice with CTX-induced muscle injury by DBC1 knockdown, as evidenced by reductions in myofibre cross-sectional areas of regenerating myofibres with centralized nuclei (P < 0.0001), percentages of MyoG+ nuclei (P < 0.0001) and fusion index (P < 0.0001). DBC1 transcriptionally regulated mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), which mediated ubiquitination and degradation of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). Increased FOXO3 proteins hampered myogenesis in DBC1 knockdown satellite cells by compromising around 50% of mitochondrial functions (P < 0.001) and exacerbated atrophy in DBC1 knockdown myofibres by activating the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways. CONCLUSIONS DBC1 is essential in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity by protecting against myofibres wasting and enhancing muscle regeneration via FOXO3. This research highlights the significance of DBC1 for healthy skeletal muscle function and its connection to muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xueying Han
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Basic MedicinePeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Neuroscience CenterChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Molecular Pathology Research CenterChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Wuga Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Ozaki Y, Ohashi K, Otaka N, Kawanishi H, Takikawa T, Fang L, Takahara K, Tatsumi M, Ishihama S, Takefuji M, Kato K, Shimizu Y, Bando YK, Inoue A, Kuzuya M, Miura S, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Myonectin protects against skeletal muscle dysfunction in male mice through activation of AMPK/PGC1α pathway. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4675. [PMID: 37542026 PMCID: PMC10403505 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40435-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To maintain and restore skeletal muscle mass and function is essential for healthy aging. We have found that myonectin acts as a cardioprotective myokine. Here, we investigate the effect of myonectin on skeletal muscle atrophy in various male mouse models of muscle dysfunction. Disruption of myonectin exacerbates skeletal muscle atrophy in age-associated, sciatic denervation-induced or dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy models. Myonectin deficiency also contributes to exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-associated genes including PGC1α in denervated muscle. Myonectin supplementation attenuates denervation-induced muscle atrophy via activation of AMPK. Myonectin also reverses DEX-induced atrophy of cultured myotubes through the AMPK/PGC1α signaling. Furthermore, myonectin treatment suppresses muscle atrophy in senescence-accelerated mouse prone (SAMP) 8 mouse model of accelerated aging or mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These data indicate that myonectin can ameliorate skeletal muscle dysfunction through AMPK/PGC1α-dependent mechanisms, suggesting that myonectin could represent a therapeutic target of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Naoya Otaka
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawanishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Takikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lixin Fang
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Takahara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Minako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sohta Ishihama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuko K Bando
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Miura
- Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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5
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Cahill T, Chan S, Overton IM, Hardiman G. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Enhanced Mitochondrial Activity as a Cold Adaptive Strategy to Hypothermia in Zebrafish Muscle. Cells 2023; 12:1366. [PMID: 37408201 PMCID: PMC10216211 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The utilisation of synthetic torpor for interplanetary travel once seemed farfetched. However, mounting evidence points to torpor-induced protective benefits from the main hazards of space travel, namely, exposure to radiation and microgravity. To determine the radio-protective effects of an induced torpor-like state we exploited the ectothermic nature of the Danio rerio (zebrafish) in reducing their body temperatures to replicate the hypothermic states seen during natural torpor. We also administered melatonin as a sedative to reduce physical activity. Zebrafish were then exposed to low-dose radiation (0.3 Gy) to simulate radiation exposure on long-term space missions. Transcriptomic analysis found that radiation exposure led to an upregulation of inflammatory and immune signatures and a differentiation and regeneration phenotype driven by STAT3 and MYOD1 transcription factors. In addition, DNA repair processes were downregulated in the muscle two days' post-irradiation. The effects of hypothermia led to an increase in mitochondrial translation including genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and a downregulation of extracellular matrix and developmental genes. Upon radiation exposure, increases in endoplasmic reticulum stress genes were observed in a torpor+radiation group with downregulation of immune-related and ECM genes. Exposing hypothermic zebrafish to radiation also resulted in a downregulation of ECM and developmental genes however, immune/inflammatory related pathways were downregulated in contrast to that observed in the radiation only group. A cross-species comparison was performed with the muscle of hibernating Ursus arctos horribilis (brown bear) to define shared mechanisms of cold tolerance. Shared responses show an upregulation of protein translation and metabolism of amino acids, as well as a hypoxia response with the shared downregulation of glycolysis, ECM, and developmental genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cahill
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
| | - Sherine Chan
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
- JLABS at the Children’s National Research and Innovation Campus, Washington, DC 20012, USA
| | - Ian M. Overton
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK;
| | - Gary Hardiman
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK;
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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6
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Herbst A, Aiken JM, Kim C, Gushue D, McKenzie D, Moore TM, Zhou J, Hoang AN, Choi S, Wanagat J. Age- and time-dependent mitochondrial genotoxic and myopathic effects of beta-guanidinopropionic acid, a creatine analog, on rodent skeletal muscles. GeroScience 2023; 45:555-567. [PMID: 36178599 PMCID: PMC9886740 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00667-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta-guanidinopropionic acid (GPA) is a creatine analog suggested as a treatment for hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, which manifest primarily in older adults. A notable side effect of GPA is the induction of mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations. We hypothesized that mtDNA deletions contribute to muscle aging and used the mutation promoting effect of GPA to examine the impact of mtDNA deletions on muscles with differential vulnerability to aging. Rats were treated with GPA for up to 4 months starting at 14 or 30 months of age. We examined quadriceps and adductor longus muscles as the quadriceps exhibits profound age-induced deterioration, while adductor longus is maintained. GPA decreased body and muscle mass and mtDNA copy number while increasing mtDNA deletion frequency. The interactions between age and GPA treatment observed in the quadriceps were not observed in the adductor longus. GPA had negative mitochondrial effects in as little as 4 weeks. GPA treatment exacerbated mtDNA deletions and muscle aging phenotypes in the quadriceps, an age-sensitive muscle, while the adductor longus was spared. GPA has been proposed for use in age-associated diseases, yet the pharmacodynamics of GPA differ with age and include the detrimental induction of mtDNA deletions, a mitochondrial genotoxic stress that is pronounced in muscles that are most vulnerable to aging. Further research is needed to determine if the proposed benefits of GPA on hypertension, diabetes, and obesity outweigh the detrimental mitochondrial and myopathic side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- US Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Chiye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Danielle Gushue
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Statistics Core, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Austin N Hoang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Solbie Choi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Avenue, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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7
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Are Skeletal Muscle Changes during Prolonged Space Flights Similar to Those Experienced by Frail and Sarcopenic Older Adults? LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122139. [PMID: 36556504 PMCID: PMC9781047 DOI: 10.3390/life12122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microgravity exposure causes several physiological and psychosocial alterations that challenge astronauts' health during space flight. Notably, many of these changes are mostly related to physical inactivity influencing different functional systems and organ biology, in particular the musculoskeletal system, dramatically resulting in aging-like phenotypes, such as those occurring in older persons on Earth. In this sense, sarcopenia, a syndrome characterized by the loss in muscle mass and strength due to skeletal muscle unloading, is undoubtedly one of the most critical aging-like adverse effects of microgravity and a prevalent problem in the geriatric population, still awaiting effective countermeasures. Therefore, there is an urgent demand to identify clinically relevant biological markers and to underline molecular mechanisms behind these effects that are still poorly understood. From this perspective, a lesson from Geroscience may help tailor interventions to counteract the adverse effects of microgravity. For instance, decades of studies in the field have demonstrated that in the older people, the clinical picture of sarcopenia remarkably overlaps (from a clinical and biological point of view) with that of frailty, primarily when referred to the physical function domain. Based on this premise, here we provide a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of sarcopenia and frailty, which in aging are often considered together, and how these converge with those observed in astronauts after space flight.
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8
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Salles J, Chanet A, Guillet C, Vaes AMM, Brouwer-Brolsma EM, Rocher C, Giraudet C, Patrac V, Meugnier E, Montaurier C, Denis P, Le Bacquer O, Blot A, Jourdan M, Luiking Y, Furber M, Van Dijk M, Tardif N, Yves Boirie Y, Walrand S. Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: role in sarcopenia. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1288. [PMID: 36434267 PMCID: PMC9700804 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is the biggest component of whole-body energy output. Mitochondrial energy production during exercise is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects. In cultured myotubes, loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function decreases mitochondrial respiration rate and ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation. We aimed to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on whole-body energy expenditure and muscle mitochondrial function in old rats, old mice, and human subjects. To gain further insight into the mechanisms involved, we used C2C12 and human muscle cells and transgenic mice with muscle-specific VDR tamoxifen-inducible deficiency. We observed that in vivo and in vitro vitamin D fluctuations changed mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative activity in skeletal muscle. Vitamin D supplementation initiated in older people improved muscle mass and strength. We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation is likely to help prevent not only sarcopenia but also sarcopenic obesity in vitamin D-deficient subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Salles
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Audrey Chanet
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anouk MM. Vaes
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Human Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Elske M. Brouwer-Brolsma
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Wageningen University, Human Nutrition, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christophe Rocher
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XLaboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire - UMR 5200 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Patrac
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- Univ Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM, INRAE, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Christophe Montaurier
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Denis
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Olivier Le Bacquer
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adeline Blot
- grid.411163.00000 0004 0639 4151CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Jourdan
- grid.468395.50000 0004 4675 6663Specialized Nutrition, Danone Nutricia Research, P.O. Box 80141, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette Luiking
- grid.468395.50000 0004 4675 6663Specialized Nutrition, Danone Nutricia Research, P.O. Box 80141, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Furber
- grid.468395.50000 0004 4675 6663Specialized Nutrition, Danone Nutricia Research, P.O. Box 80141, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Van Dijk
- grid.468395.50000 0004 4675 6663Specialized Nutrition, Danone Nutricia Research, P.O. Box 80141, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Tardif
- grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Division of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Y. Yves Boirie
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France ,grid.411163.00000 0004 0639 4151CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition Clinique, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- grid.494717.80000000115480420Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France ,grid.411163.00000 0004 0639 4151CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service Nutrition Clinique, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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9
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Muscle Delivery of Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs for the Treatment of Sarcopenia: Rationale and Perspectives. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122588. [PMID: 36559079 PMCID: PMC9782427 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An impairment in mitochondrial homeostasis plays a crucial role in the process of aging and contributes to the incidence of age-related diseases, including sarcopenia, which is defined as an age-dependent loss of muscle mass and strength. Mitochondrial dysfunction exerts a negative impact on several cellular activities, including bioenergetics, metabolism, and apoptosis. In sarcopenia, mitochondria homeostasis is disrupted because of reduced oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation, the enhanced production of reactive species, and impaired antioxidant defense. This review re-establishes the most recent evidence on mitochondrial defects that are thought to be relevant in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia and that may represent promising therapeutic targets for its prevention/treatment. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of action and translational potential of promising mitochondria-targeted drug delivery systems, including molecules able to boost the metabolism and bioenergetics, counteract apoptosis, antioxidants to scavenge reactive species and decrease oxidative stress, and target mitophagy. Even though these mitochondria-delivered strategies demonstrate to be promising in preclinical models, their use needs to be promoted for clinical studies. Therefore, there is a compelling demand to further understand the mechanisms modulating mitochondrial homeostasis, to characterize powerful compounds that target muscle mitochondria to prevent sarcopenia in aged people.
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10
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Chen TH, Koh KY, Lin KMC, Chou CK. Mitochondrial Dysfunction as an Underlying Cause of Skeletal Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12926. [PMID: 36361713 PMCID: PMC9653750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are an important energy source in skeletal muscle. A main function of mitochondria is the generation of ATP for energy through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondrial defects or abnormalities can lead to muscle disease or multisystem disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction can be caused by defective mitochondrial OXPHOS, mtDNA mutations, Ca2+ imbalances, mitochondrial-related proteins, mitochondrial chaperone proteins, and ultrastructural defects. In addition, an imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission, lysosomal dysfunction due to insufficient biosynthesis, and/or defects in mitophagy can result in mitochondrial damage. In this review, we explore the association between impaired mitochondrial function and skeletal muscle disorders. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for more research to determine the specific clinical benefits of mitochondrial therapy in the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kok-Yean Koh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
| | - Kurt Ming-Chao Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Kuang Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
- Obesity Center, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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11
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Shin HE, Won CW, Kim M. Metabolomic profiles to explore biomarkers of severe sarcopenia in older men: A pilot study. Exp Gerontol 2022; 167:111924. [PMID: 35963453 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is complex and multifactorial; however, it has not yet been fully elucidated. Identifying metabolomic profiles may help clarify the mechanisms underlying sarcopenia. OBJECTIVE This pilot study explored potential noninvasive biomarkers of severe sarcopenia through metabolomic analysis in community-dwelling older men. METHODS Twenty older men (mean age: 81.9 ± 2.8 years) were selected from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Participants with severe sarcopenia (n = 10) were compared with non-sarcopenic, age- and body mass index-matched controls (n = 10). Severe sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. Non-targeted metabolomic profiling of plasma metabolites was performed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and absolute quantification was performed in target metabolites. RESULTS Among 191 plasma metabolic peaks, the concentrations of 10 metabolites significantly differed between severe sarcopenia group and non-sarcopenic controls. The plasma concentrations of L-alanine, homocitrulline, N-acetylserine, gluconic acid, N-acetylalanine, proline, and sulfotyrosine were higher, while those of 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, and tryptophan were lower in participants with severe sarcopenia than in non-sarcopenic controls (all, p < 0.05). Among the 53 metabolites quantified as target metabolites, L-alanine (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.760; p = 0.049), gluconic acid (AUC = 0.800; p = 0.023), proline (AUC = 0.785; p = 0.031), and tryptophan (AUC = 0.800; p = 0.023) determined the presence of severe sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS Plasma metabolomic analysis demonstrated that L-alanine, gluconic acid, proline, and tryptophan may be potential biomarkers of severe sarcopenia. The identified metabolites can provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of severe sarcopenia and serve as the basis for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Eun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, College of Medicine, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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12
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Kimoloi S, Sen A, Guenther S, Braun T, Brügmann T, Sasse P, Wiesner RJ, Pla-Martín D, Baris OR. Combined fibre atrophy and decreased muscle regeneration capacity driven by mitochondrial DNA alterations underlie the development of sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2132-2145. [PMID: 35765148 PMCID: PMC9397496 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mitochondrial (mtDNA) deletions have been associated with skeletal muscle atrophy and myofibre loss. However, whether such defects occurring in myofibres cause sarcopenia is unclear. Also, the contribution of mtDNA alterations in muscle stem cells (MuSCs) to sarcopenia remains to be investigated. METHODS We expressed a dominant-negative variant of the mitochondrial helicase, which induces mtDNA alterations, specifically in differentiated myofibres (K320Eskm mice) and MuSCs (K320Emsc mice), respectively, and investigated their impact on muscle structure and function by immunohistochemistry, analysis of mtDNA and respiratory chain content, muscle transcriptome and functional tests. RESULTS K320Eskm mice at 24 months of age had higher levels of mtDNA deletions compared with controls in soleus (SOL, 0.07673% vs. 0.00015%, P = 0.0167), extensor digitorum longus (EDL, 0.0649 vs. 0.000925, P = 0.0015) and gastrocnemius (GAS, 0.09353 vs. 0.000425, P = 0.0004). K320Eskm mice revealed a progressive increase in the proportion of cytochrome c oxidase deficient (COX- ) fibres in skeletal muscle cross sections, reaching a maximum of 3.03%, 4.36%, 13.58%, and 17.08% in EDL, SOL, tibialis anterior (TA) and GAS, respectively. However, mice did not show accelerated loss of muscle mass, muscle strength or physical performance. Histological analyses revealed ragged red fibres but also stimulated regeneration, indicating activation of MuSCs. RNAseq demonstrated enhanced expression of genes associated with protein synthesis, but also degradation, as well as muscle fibre differentiation and cell proliferation. In contrast, 7 days after destruction by cardiotoxin, regenerating TA of K320Emsc mice showed 30% of COX- fibres. Notably, regenerated muscle showed dystrophic changes, increased fibrosis (2.5% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.0003), increased abundance of fat cells (2.76% vs. 0.23%, P = 0.0144) and reduced muscle mass (regenerated TA: 40.0 mg vs. 60.2 mg, P = 0.0171). In contrast to muscles from K320Eskm mice, freshly isolated MuSCs from aged K320Emsc mice were completely devoid of mtDNA alterations. However, after passaging, mtDNA copy number as well as respiratory chain subunits and p62 levels gradually decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, accumulation of large-scale mtDNA alterations in myofibres alone is not sufficient to cause sarcopenia. Expression of K320E-Twinkle is tolerated in quiescent MuSCs, but progressively leads to mtDNA and respiratory chain depletion upon activation, in vivo and in vitro, possibly caused by an increased mitochondrial removal. Altogether, our results suggest that the accumulation of mtDNA alterations in myofibres activates regeneration during aging, which leads to sarcopenia if such alterations have expanded in MuSCs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Kimoloi
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Ayesha Sen
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Brügmann
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany
| | - Olivier R Baris
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Clinics, Köln, Germany.,Equipe MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
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13
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Begelman DV, Woods G, Bhaumik D, Angeli S, Foulger AC, Lucanic M, Lan J, Andersen JK, Lithgow GJ. An aco-2::gfp knock-in enables the monitoring of mitochondrial morphology throughout C. elegans lifespan. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000599. [PMID: 35903774 PMCID: PMC9315405 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in C. elegans in order to fluorescently tag endogenous aconitase-2 (ACO-2). ACO-2 is a mitochondrially localized protein, and the aco-2::gfp strain enabled the examination of native mitochondrial morphology in live animals. Here we validate that the aco-2::gfp strain displays the prototypic changes in mitochondrial morphology known to occur during aging and upon paraquat (PQ) induced mitochondrial stress. We also provide evidence that the ACO-2::GFP reporter can serve as a superior means for tracking mitochondrial morphology than conventional MitoTracker dyes-especially in aged-worms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Suzanne Angeli
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
,
University of Maine, Molecular & Biomedical Sciences
| | | | - Mark Lucanic
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
,
GeroStateAlpha
| | - Jianfeng Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Julie K. Andersen
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
,
Correspondence to: Julie K. Andersen (
)
| | - Gordon J. Lithgow
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging
,
Correspondence to: Gordon J. Lithgow (
)
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14
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Guan K, Li H, Qi X, Chen H, Wang R, Ma Y. Bovine-derived MFG-E8 alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction via Akt/Sirt1/PGC-1α and MAPK/ERK signaling cascades. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Pea Proteins Have Anabolic Effects Comparable to Milk Proteins on Whole Body Protein Retention and Muscle Protein Metabolism in Old Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124234. [PMID: 34959786 PMCID: PMC8704096 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant proteins are attracting rising interest due to their pro-health benefits and environmental sustainability. However, little is known about the nutritional value of pea proteins when consumed by older people. Herein, we evaluated the digestibility and nutritional efficiency of pea proteins compared to casein and whey proteins in old rats. Thirty 20-month-old male Wistar rats were assigned to an isoproteic and isocaloric diet containing either casein (CAS), soluble milk protein (WHEY) or Pisane™ pea protein isolate for 16 weeks. The three proteins had a similar effect on nitrogen balance, true digestibility and net protein utilization in old rats, which means that different protein sources did not alter body composition, tissue weight, skeletal muscle protein synthesis or degradation. Muscle mitochondrial activity, inflammation status and insulin resistance were similar between the three groups. In conclusion, old rats used pea protein with the same efficiency as casein or whey proteins, due to its high digestibility and amino acid composition. Using these plant-based proteins could help older people diversify their protein sources and more easily achieve nutritional intake recommendations.
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16
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Angiotensin II inhibition: a potential treatment to slow the progression of sarcopenia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2503-2520. [PMID: 34751393 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, which is associated with increased likelihood of adverse outcomes including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. The etiology of sarcopenia has been postulated to be multifactorial with genetics, aging, immobility, nutritional deficiencies, inflammation, stress, and endocrine factors all contributing to the imbalance of muscle anabolism and catabolism. The prevalence of sarcopenia is estimated to range from 13 to 24% in adults over 60 years of age and up to 50% in persons aged 80 and older. As the population continues to age, the prevalence of sarcopenia continues to increase and is expected to affect 500 million people by the year 2050. Sarcopenia impacts the overall health of patients through limitations in functional status, increase in hospital readmissions, poorer hospital outcomes, and increase in overall mortality. Thus, there exists a need to prevent or reduce the occurrence of sarcopenia. Here, we explore the potential mechanisms and current studies regarding angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on reducing the development of sarcopenia through the associated changes in cardiovascular function, renal function, muscle fiber composition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, metabolic efficiency, and mitochondrial function.
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17
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Age-related structural changes show that loss of fibers is not a significant contributor to muscle atrophy in old mice. Exp Gerontol 2021; 156:111618. [PMID: 34737004 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass is widely considered a consequence of both fiber atrophy and fiber death. Evidence for fiber death derives largely from an age-related reduction in fiber numbers in muscle cross-sections, however it is unclear how age-related alterations in muscle morphology affect accuracy of such counts. To explore this we performed an examination of muscle and tendon length, muscle mass and girth, and pennation angle, in addition to histological section fiber counts of parallel-fibered (sternomastoid), fusiform (biceps brachii), and pennate (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus) muscles from 31 mice aged 6-32 months. Age-related decline in mass and girth occurred in soleus (p = 0.026; p = 0.040), tibialis anterior (p = 0.004; p = 0.039), and extensor digitorum longus (p = 0.040; p = 0.022) muscles, for which location of maximal girth also changed. Tendon length and pennation angle remained consistent across the lifespan in all except soleus which showed elongation of both proximal and distal tendons coupled with alterations in pennation angle. Age-related decreases in fiber number were observed in transversely sectioned soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles however when age-related changes in morphology were accounted for via oblique sectioning the age-related decrease in fiber number was eliminated. Findings show loss of fibers is not a significant contributor to age-related muscle wasting in mice, and that age-related changes in connective tissue selectively impact muscle structure. Fiber shortening is a likely contributor to loss of mass and change in function in muscles of old mice.
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18
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Herbst A, Lee CC, Vandiver AR, Aiken JM, McKenzie D, Hoang A, Allison D, Liu N, Wanagat J. Mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations increase exponentially with age in human skeletal muscle. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1811-1820. [PMID: 32965609 PMCID: PMC7985047 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations lead to electron transport chain-deficient cells and age-induced cell loss in multiple tissues and mammalian species. Accurate quantitation of somatic mtDNA deletion mutations could serve as an index of age-induced cell loss. Quantitation of mtDNA deletion molecules is confounded by their low abundance in tissue homogenates, the diversity of deletion breakpoints, stochastic accumulation in single cells, and mosaic distribution between cells. AIMS Translate a pre-clinical assay to quantitate mtDNA deletions for use in human DNA samples, with technical and biological validation, and test this assay on human subjects of different ages. METHODS We developed and validated a high-throughput droplet digital PCR assay that quantitates human mtDNA deletion frequency. RESULTS Analysis of human quadriceps muscle samples from 14 male subjects demonstrated that mtDNA deletion frequency increases exponentially with age-on average, a 98-fold increase from age 20-80. Sequence analysis of amplification products confirmed the specificity of the assay for human mtDNA deletion breakpoints. Titration of synthetic mutation mixtures found a lower limit of detection of at least 0.6 parts per million. Using muscle DNA from 6-month-old mtDNA mutator mice, we measured a 6.4-fold increase in mtDNA deletion frequency (i.e., compared to wild-type mice), biologically validating the approach. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS The exponential increase in mtDNA deletion frequency is concomitant with the known muscle fiber loss and accelerating mortality that occurs with age. The improved assay permits the accurate and sensitive quantification of deletion mutations from DNA samples and is sufficient to measure changes in mtDNA deletion mutation frequency in healthy individuals across the lifespan and, therefore, patients with suspected mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cathy C Lee
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy R Vandiver
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, UCLA, 10945 Le Conte Ave, Suite 2339, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Austin Hoang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA.
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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19
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Chen C, McDonald D, Blain A, Sachdeva A, Bone L, Smith ALM, Warren C, Pickett SJ, Hudson G, Filby A, Vincent AE, Turnbull DM, Reeve AK. Imaging mass cytometry reveals generalised deficiency in OXPHOS complexes in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:39. [PMID: 33980828 PMCID: PMC8115071 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report the application of a mass spectrometry-based technology, imaging mass cytometry, to perform in-depth proteomic profiling of mitochondrial complexes in single neurons, using metal-conjugated antibodies to label post-mortem human midbrain sections. Mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly deficiency in complex I has previously been associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. To further our understanding of the nature of this dysfunction, and to identify Parkinson's disease specific changes, we validated a panel of antibodies targeting subunits of all five mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complexes in dopaminergic neurons from Parkinson's disease, mitochondrial disease, and control cases. Detailed analysis of the expression profile of these proteins, highlighted heterogeneity between individuals. There is a widespread decrease in expression of all complexes in Parkinson's neurons, although more severe in mitochondrial disease neurons, however, the combination of affected complexes varies between the two groups. We also provide evidence of a potential neuronal response to mitochondrial dysfunction through a compensatory increase in mitochondrial mass. This study highlights the use of imaging mass cytometry in the assessment and analysis of expression of oxidative phosphorylation proteins, revealing the complexity of deficiencies of these proteins within individual neurons which may contribute to and drive neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David McDonald
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair Blain
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ashwin Sachdeva
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura Bone
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna L M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Charlotte Warren
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah J Pickett
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gavin Hudson
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew Filby
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy E Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Amy K Reeve
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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20
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Herbst A, Prior SJ, Lee CC, Aiken JM, McKenzie D, Hoang A, Liu N, Chen X, Xun P, Allison DB, Wanagat J. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondrial DNA deletion mutation frequency as predictors of physical performance in older men and women. GeroScience 2021; 43:1253-1264. [PMID: 33740224 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quality and quantity relate to two hallmarks of aging-genomic instability and mitochondrial dysfunction. Physical performance relies on mitochondrial integrity and declines with age, yet the interactions between mtDNA quantity, quality, and physical performance are unclear. Using a validated digital PCR assay specific for mtDNA deletions, we tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle mtDNA deletion mutation frequency (i.e., a measure of mtDNA quality) or mtDNA copy number predicts physical performance in older adults. Total DNA was isolated from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and used to quantitate mtDNA copy number and mtDNA deletion frequency by digital PCR. The biopsies were obtained from a cross-sectional cohort of 53 adults aged 50 to 86 years. Before the biopsy procedure, physical performance measurements were collected, including VO2max, modified physical performance test score, 6-min walk distance, gait speed, grip strength, and total lean and leg mass. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationships between age, sex, and the outcomes. We found that mtDNA deletion mutation frequency increased exponentially with advancing age. On average from ages 50 to 86, deletion frequency increased from 0.008 to 0.15%, an 18-fold increase. Females may have lower deletion frequencies than males at older ages. We also measured declines in VO2max and mtDNA copy number with age in both sexes. The mtDNA deletion frequency measured from single skeletal muscle biopsies predicted 13.3% of the variation in VO2max. Copy number explained 22.6% of the variation in mtDNA deletion frequency and 10.4% of the lean mass variation. We found predictive relationships between age, mtDNA deletion mutation frequency, mtDNA copy number, and physical performance. These data are consistent with a role for mitochondrial function and genome integrity in maintaining physical performance with age. Analyses of mtDNA quality and quantity in larger cohorts and longitudinal studies could extend our understanding of the importance of mitochondrial DNA in human aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J Prior
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cathy C Lee
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Rm 34-115, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Austin Hoang
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Rm 34-115, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Xiwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - David B Allison
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Rm 34-115, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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21
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Soori R, Ghram A, Zare Shahneh M, Choobineh S, Costa PB, Voltarelli FA. Effects of high intensity interval training and aging on cardiac muscle apoptosis markers in C57BL/6 Mice. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Harper C, Gopalan V, Goh J. Exercise rescues mitochondrial coupling in aged skeletal muscle: a comparison of different modalities in preventing sarcopenia. J Transl Med 2021; 19:71. [PMID: 33593349 PMCID: PMC7885447 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02737-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is associated with a decline in motor function and loss of muscle mass- a condition known as sarcopenia. The underlying mechanisms that drive this pathology are associated with a failure in energy generation in skeletal muscle, either from age-related decline in mitochondrial function, or from disuse. To an extent, lifelong exercise is efficacious in preserving the energetic properties of skeletal muscle and thus may delay the onset of sarcopenia. This review discusses the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during the aging process and how different exercise modalities work to reverse these changes. A key factor that will be described is the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling—ATP production relative to O2 uptake in myocytes and how that efficiency is a main driver for age-associated decline in skeletal muscle function. With that, we postulate the most effective exercise modality and protocol for reversing the molecular hallmarks of skeletal muscle aging and staving off sarcopenia. Two other concepts pertinent to mitochondrial efficiency in exercise-trained skeletal muscle will be integrated in this review, including- mitophagy, the removal of dysfunctional mitochondrial via autophagy, as well as the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Harper
- Clinical Translation Unit (CTU), Tulane University, New Orleans, USA
| | - Venkatesh Gopalan
- Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (SBIC), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jorming Goh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. .,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Muscle fiber type specific alterations of mitochondrial respiratory function and morphology in aged female mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 540:116-122. [PMID: 33472133 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered to be a major cause of sarcopenia, defined as age-related muscle fiber atrophy and muscle weakness, as reduced mitochondrial respiration and morphological changes such as ragged red fibers (RRFs) are observed in aging muscles. However, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in sarcopenia is not fully elucidated. Although previous studies have suggested that aging has a fiber type-specific effect on mitochondrial function, little is known about mitochondrial changes in individual fiber types. Here, we used C57BL/6NCr female mice to identify fiber type-specific pathological changes, examine the significance of pathological changes in sarcopenia, and identify possible mechanisms behind mitochondrial changes in slow-twitch soleus muscle (SOL) and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL). We observed reduced type I fiber-specific mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activity, impaired respiration, and subsarcolemmal mitochondrial accumulation in aged SOL, which was different from RRFs. These pathological alterations were not directly associated with fiber atrophy. Additionally, we found increased oxidative stress markers in aged SOL, suggesting that oxidative stress is involved in the pathological and functional changes in mitochondria. Meanwhile, obvious mitochondrial changes were not seen in aged EDL. Thus, age-related mitochondrial dysfunction is specific to the fiber type and may correlate with the muscle quality rather than the muscle mass.
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24
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Memme JM, Hood DA. Molecular Basis for the Therapeutic Effects of Exercise on Mitochondrial Defects. Front Physiol 2021; 11:615038. [PMID: 33584337 PMCID: PMC7874077 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.615038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is common to many organ system disorders, including skeletal muscle. Aging muscle and diseases of muscle are often accompanied by defective mitochondrial ATP production. This manuscript will focus on the pre-clinical evidence supporting the use of regular exercise to improve defective mitochondrial metabolism and function in skeletal muscle, through the stimulation of mitochondrial turnover. Examples from aging muscle, muscle-specific mutations and cancer cachexia will be discussed. We will also examine the effects of exercise on the important mitochondrial regulators PGC-1α, and Parkin, and summarize the effects of exercise to reverse mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., ROS production, apoptotic susceptibility, cardiolipin synthesis) in muscle pathology. This paper will illustrate the breadth and benefits of exercise to serve as "mitochondrial medicine" with age and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David A. Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Bellanti F, Lo Buglio A, Vendemiale G. Mitochondrial Impairment in Sarcopenia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010031. [PMID: 33418869 PMCID: PMC7825073 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the age-related loss of skeletal muscle quality, which relies on mitochondrial homeostasis. During aging, several mitochondrial features such as bioenergetics, dynamics, biogenesis, and selective autophagy (mitophagy) are altered and impinge on protein homeostasis, resulting in loss of muscle mass and function. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction contributes significantly to the complex pathogenesis of sarcopenia, and mitochondria are indicated as potential targets to prevent and treat this age-related condition. After a concise presentation of the age-related modifications in skeletal muscle quality and mitochondrial homeostasis, the present review summarizes the most relevant findings related to mitochondrial alterations in sarcopenia.
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26
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Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Sarcopenia Among Older Adults With Knee Osteoarthritis. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Looijaard SMLM, Te Lintel Hekkert ML, Wüst RCI, Otten RHJ, Meskers CGM, Maier AB. Pathophysiological mechanisms explaining poor clinical outcome of older cancer patients with low skeletal muscle mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13516. [PMID: 32478975 PMCID: PMC7757176 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low skeletal muscle mass is highly prevalent in older cancer patients and affects 5% to 89% depending on the type and stage of cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor clinical outcomes such as post-operative complications, chemotherapy toxicity and mortality in older cancer patients. Little is known about the mediating pathophysiological mechanisms. In this review, we summarize proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between low skeletal muscle mass and poor clinical outcomes in older cancer patients including a) systemic inflammation; b) insulin-dependent glucose handling; c) mitochondrial function; d) protein status and; e) pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. The mechanisms of altered myokine balance negatively affecting the innate and adaptive immune system, and altered pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs leading to a relative overdosage of anticancer drugs are best-substantiated. The effects of glucose intolerance and circulating mitochondrial DNA as a consequence of low skeletal muscle mass are topics of interest for future research. Restoring myokine balance through physical exercise, exercise mimetics, neuro-muscular activation and adapting anticancer drug dosing on skeletal muscle mass could be targeted approaches to improve clinical outcomes in older cancer patients with low skeletal muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie M L M Looijaard
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam L Te Lintel Hekkert
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob C I Wüst
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René H J Otten
- University Library, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel G M Meskers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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28
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Oexner RR, Pla-Martín D, Paß T, Wiesen MHJ, Zentis P, Schauss A, Baris OR, Kimoloi S, Wiesner RJ. Extraocular Muscle Reveals Selective Vulnerability of Type IIB Fibers to Respiratory Chain Defects Induced by Mitochondrial DNA Alterations. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:14. [PMID: 33057669 PMCID: PMC7571275 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.12.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to gain insights on the pathogenesis of chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, thus we investigated the vulnerability of five extra ocular muscles (EOMs) fiber types to pathogenic mitochondrial DNA deletions in a mouse model expressing a mutated mitochondrial helicase TWINKLE. Methods Consecutive pairs of EOM sections were analyzed by cytochrome C oxidase (COX)/succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) assay and fiber type specific immunohistochemistry (type I, IIA, IIB, embryonic, and EOM-specific staining). Results The mean average of COX deficient fibers (COX-) in the recti muscles of mutant mice was 1.04 ± 0.52% at 12 months and increased with age (7.01 ± 1.53% at 24 months). A significant proportion of these COX- fibers were of the fast-twitch, glycolytic type IIB (> 50% and > 35% total COX- fibers at 12 and 24 months, respectively), whereas embryonic myosin heavy chain-expressing fibers were almost completely spared. Furthermore, the proportion of COX- fibers in the type IIB-rich retractor bulbi muscle was > 2-fold higher compared to the M. recti at both 12 (2.6 ± 0.78%) and 24 months (20.85 ± 2.69%). Collectively, these results demonstrate a selective vulnerability of type IIB fibers to mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions in EOMs and retractor bulbi muscle. We also show that EOMs of mutant mice display histopathological abnormalities, including altered fiber type composition, increased fibrosis, ragged red fibers, and infiltration of mononucleated nonmuscle cells. Conclusions Our results point to the existence of fiber type IIB-intrinsic factors and/or molecular mechanisms that predispose them to increased generation, clonal expansion, and detrimental effects of mtDNA deletions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/enzymology
- Mitochondrial Diseases/genetics
- Mitochondrial Diseases/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/pathology
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Oculomotor Muscles/enzymology
- Oculomotor Muscles/pathology
- Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External/etiology
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Succinate Dehydrogenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael R. Oexner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - David Pla-Martín
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Thomas Paß
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Martin H. J. Wiesen
- Center of Pharmacology, Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Unit, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Peter Zentis
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Astrid Schauss
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Olivier R. Baris
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Equipe MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, Institut MitoVasc, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Sammy Kimoloi
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kakamega, Kenya
| | - Rudolf J. Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Köln, Köln, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Köln, Köln, Germany
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29
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Yokoyama S, Ohno Y, Egawa T, Ohashi K, Ito R, Ortuste Quiroga HP, Yamashita T, Goto K. MBNL1-Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Apoptosis in C2C12 Myotubes and Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176376. [PMID: 32887414 PMCID: PMC7503908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the interrelationship between a tissue-specific alternative splicing factor muscleblind-like 1 (MBNL1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) or Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in C2C12 myotubes and mouse skeletal muscle to investigate a possible physiological role of MBNL1 in mitochondrial-associated apoptosis of skeletal muscle. Expression level of PGC-1α and mitochondrial membrane potential evaluated by the fluorescence ratio of JC-1 aggregate to monomer in C2C12 myotubes were suppressed by knockdown of MBNL1. Conversely, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 as well as the apoptotic index in C2C12 myotubes was increased by MBNL1 knockdown. In plantaris muscle, on the other hand, not only the minimum muscle fiber diameter but also the expression level of MBNL1 and PGC-1α in of 100-week-old mice were significantly lower than that of 10-week-old mice. Furthermore, the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in mouse plantaris muscle was increased by aging. These results suggest that MBNL1 may play a key role in aging-associated muscle atrophy accompanied with mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis via mediating PGC-1α expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Care, Seijoh University, Tokai 476-8588, Japan;
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (T.E.); (R.I.); (H.P.O.Q.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (T.E.); (R.I.); (H.P.O.Q.); (T.Y.)
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ohashi
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.O.)
| | - Rika Ito
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (T.E.); (R.I.); (H.P.O.Q.); (T.Y.)
| | - Huascar Pedro Ortuste Quiroga
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (T.E.); (R.I.); (H.P.O.Q.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tomohiro Yamashita
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (T.E.); (R.I.); (H.P.O.Q.); (T.Y.)
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (S.Y.); (K.O.)
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Science, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi 440-8511, Japan; (T.E.); (R.I.); (H.P.O.Q.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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30
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Hepple RT. mtDNA Mutation Accumulation in Muscle Is Not a Major Cause of Fiber Loss. Reply to "Comment on: Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration with Aging. Cells 2020, 9, 197". Cells 2020; 9:cells9081821. [PMID: 32752189 PMCID: PMC7465963 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Hepple
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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31
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Comment on: "Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Neuromuscular Junction Degeneration with Aging. Cells 2020, 9, 197". Cells 2020; 9:cells9081796. [PMID: 32751058 PMCID: PMC7464736 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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32
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Wang H, Webster P, Chen L, Fisher AL. Cell-autonomous and non-autonomous roles of daf-16 in muscle function and mitochondrial capacity in aging C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2295-2311. [PMID: 31017874 PMCID: PMC6520005 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, defined as the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, contributes to disability and health-related conditions with aging. In vitro studies indicate that age-related mitochondrial dysfunction could play a central role in the development and progression of sarcopenia, but because of limitations in the methods employed, how aging affects muscle mitochondrial function in vivo is not fully understood. We use muscle-targeted fluorescent proteins and the ratiometric ATP reporter, ATeam, to examine changes in muscle mitochondrial mass and morphology, and intracellular ATP levels in C. elegans. We find that the preserved muscle function in aging daf-2 mutants is associated with higher muscle mitochondrial mass, preserved mitochondrial morphology, and higher levels of intracellular ATP. These phenotypes require the daf-16/FOXO transcription factor. Via the tissue-specific rescue of daf-16, we find that daf-16 activity in either muscle or neurons is sufficient to enhance muscle mitochondrial mass, whereas daf-16 activity in the muscle is required for the enhanced muscle function and mobility of the daf-2 mutants. Finally, we show through the use of drugs known to enhance mitochondrial activity that augmenting mitochondrial function leads to improved mobility during aging. These results suggest an important role for mitochondrial function in muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongning Wang
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Phillip Webster
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Center for Healthy Aging, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Alfred L Fisher
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Center for Healthy Aging, UTHSCSA, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,GRECC, South Texas VA Healthcare System, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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33
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Gaffney CJ, Pollard A, Barratt TF, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Greenhaff PL, Szewczyk NJ. Greater loss of mitochondrial function with ageing is associated with earlier onset of sarcopenia in C. elegans. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3382-3396. [PMID: 30455409 PMCID: PMC6286836 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related decline of muscle, is a significant and growing public health burden. C. elegans, a model organism for investigating the mechanisms of ageing, also displays sarcopenia, but the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here, we use C. elegans natural scaling of lifespan in response to temperature to examine the relationship between mitochondrial content, mitochondrial function, and sarcopenia. Mitochondrial content and maximal mitochondrial ATP production rates (MAPR) display an inverse relationship to lifespan, while onset of MAPR decline displays a direct relationship. Muscle mitochondrial structure, sarcomere structure, and movement decline also display a direct relationship with longevity. Notably, the decline in mitochondrial network structure occurs earlier than sarcomere decline, and correlates more strongly with loss of movement, and scales with lifespan. These results suggest that mitochondrial function is critical in the ageing process and more robustly explains the onset and progression of sarcopenia than loss of sarcomere structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Gaffney
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Lancaster University Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Amelia Pollard
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas F Barratt
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Szewczyk
- MRC/ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, NIHR Nottingham BRC, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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34
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Memme JM, Erlich AT, Phukan G, Hood DA. Exercise and mitochondrial health. J Physiol 2019; 599:803-817. [PMID: 31674658 DOI: 10.1113/jp278853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial health is an important mediator of cellular function across a range of tissues, and as a result contributes to whole-body vitality in health and disease. Our understanding of the regulation and function of these organelles is of great interest to scientists and clinicians across many disciplines within our healthcare system. Skeletal muscle is a useful model tissue for the study of mitochondrial adaptations because of its mass and contribution to whole body metabolism. The remarkable plasticity of mitochondria allows them to adjust their volume, structure and capacity under conditions such as exercise, which is useful or improving metabolic health in individuals with various diseases and/or advancing age. Mitochondria exist within muscle as a functional reticulum which is maintained by dynamic processes of biogenesis and fusion, and is balanced by opposing processes of fission and mitophagy. The sophisticated coordination of these events is incompletely understood, but is imperative for organelle function and essential for the maintenance of an interconnected organelle network that is finely tuned to the metabolic needs of the cell. Further elucidation of the mechanisms of mitochondrial turnover in muscle could offer potential therapeutic targets for the advancement of health and longevity among our ageing populations. As well, investigating exercise modalities that are both convenient and capable of inducing robust mitochondrial adaptations are useful in fostering more widespread global adherence. To this point, exercise remains the most potent behavioural therapeutic approach for the improvement of mitochondrial health, not only in muscle, but potentially also in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Memme
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Avigail T Erlich
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Geetika Phukan
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3
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Vitamin D Ameliorates Fat Accumulation with AMPK/SIRT1 Activity in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112806. [PMID: 31744213 PMCID: PMC6893473 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation has been considered as a major contributing factor for muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and its associated metabolic complications. The purpose of present study is to investigate a role of vitamin D in muscle fat accumulation and mitochondrial changes. In differentiated C2C12 muscle cells, palmitic acid (PA) was pretreated, followed by incubation with 1,25-dihyroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) for 24 h. PA led to a significant increment of triglyceride (TG) levels with increased lipid peroxidation and cellular damage, which were reversed by 1,25(OH)2D. The supplementation of 1,25(OH)2D significantly enhanced PA-decreased mtDNA levels as well as mRNA levels involved in mitochondrial biogenesis such as nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) in C2C12 myotubes. Additionally, 1,25(OH)2D significantly increased ATP levels and gene expression related to mitochondrial function such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD), long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (LCAD), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and UCP3 and the vitamin D pathway including 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1-alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27) in PA-treated C2C12 myotubes. In addition to significant increment of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) mRNA expression, increased activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and SIRT1 was found in 1,25(OH)2D-treated C2C12 muscle cells. Thus, we suggest that the observed protective effect of vitamin D on muscle fat accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in a positive manner via modulating AMPK/SIRT1 activation.
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The relationships between sarcopenic skeletal muscle loss during ageing and macronutrient metabolism, obesity and onset of diabetes. Proc Nutr Soc 2019; 79:158-169. [PMID: 31685055 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665119001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is integral to the metabolism and utilisation of macronutrients; however, substantial muscle loss and morphological changes occur with ageing. These are associated with loss of muscle function and accelerate rapidly from the age of 60 years, leading to the conditions of sarcopenia and frailty. As the relationship between muscle ageing and macronutrient metabolism and utilisation has seen limited research to date, this review focuses on the interactions between skeletal muscle changes during ageing, metabolism and utilisation of fat, carbohydrates and overall energy expenditure.Skeletal muscle contributes less to resting energy expenditure during ageing, potentially contributing to onset of obesity from middle age. Age-related changes to skeletal muscle lead to glucose dysregulation, with consequent reduction in glycaemic control, increased insulin resistance and ultimately onset of type-2 diabetes. Recent studies indicate that high total fat and SFA intake are detrimental to skeletal muscle, while higher intakes of PUFA are protective. Age-associated changes in skeletal muscle may also reduce total fatty acid utilisation.In conclusion, further research is needed to understand the relationships between macronutrient metabolism and utilisation and age-related changes to skeletal muscle. No dietary recommendations exist specifically for skeletal muscle health during ageing, but we advise individuals to follow healthy eating guidelines, by consuming sufficient protein, fruit and vegetables, and limited SFA and to maintain physically active lifestyles. Clinicians responsible for managing type-2 diabetes need to be aware of growing evidence relating age-related skeletal muscle changes to diabetes onset and progression.
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Myers MJ, Shepherd DL, Durr AJ, Stanton DS, Mohamed JS, Hollander JM, Alway SE. The role of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle function and repair of older mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:929-949. [PMID: 31197980 PMCID: PMC6711423 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+ sensitive deacetylase that has been linked to longevity and has been suggested to confer beneficial effects that counter aging-associated deterioration. Muscle repair is dependent upon satellite cell function, which is reported to be reduced with aging; however, it is not known if this is linked to an aging-suppression of SIRT1. This study tested the hypothesis that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) overexpression would increase the extent of muscle repair and muscle function in older mice. METHODS We examined satellite cell dependent repair in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles of 13 young wild-type mice (20-30 weeks) and 49 older (80+ weeks) mice that were controls (n = 13), overexpressed SIRT1 in skeletal muscle (n = 14), and had a skeletal muscle SIRT1 knockout (n = 12) or a satellite cell SIRT1 knockout (n = 10). Acute muscle injury was induced by injection of cardiotoxin (CTX), and phosphate-buffered saline was used as a vector control. Plantarflexor muscle force and fatigue were evaluated before or 21 days after CTX injection. Satellite cell proliferation and mitochondrial function were also evaluated in undamaged muscles. RESULTS Maximal muscle force was significantly lower in control muscles of older satellite cell knockout SIRT1 mice compared to young adult wild-type (YWT) mice (P < 0.001). Mean contraction force at 40 Hz stimulation was significantly greater after recovery from CTX injury in older mice that overexpressed muscle SIRT1 than age-matched SIRT1 knockout mice (P < 0.05). SIRT1 muscle knockout models (P < 0.05) had greater levels of p53 (P < 0.05 MKO, P < 0.001 OE) in CTX-damaged tissues as compared to YWT CTX mice. SIRT1 overexpression with co-expression of p53 was associated with increased fatigue resistance and increased force potentiation during repeated contractions as compared to wild-type or SIRT1 knockout models (P < 0.001). Muscle structure and mitochondrial function were not different between the groups, but proliferation of satellite cells was significantly greater in older mice with SIRT1 muscle knockout (P < 0.05), but not older SIRT1 satellite cell knockout models, in vitro, although this effect was attenuated in vivo after 21 days of recovery. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest skeletal muscle structure, function, and recovery after CTX-induced injury are not significantly influenced by gain or loss of SIRT1 abundance alone in skeletal muscle; however, muscle function is impaired by ablation of SIRT1 in satellite cells. SIRT1 appears to interact with p53 to improve muscle fatigue resistance after repair from muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Myers
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Danielle L. Shepherd
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory SciencesWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Andrya J. Durr
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory SciencesWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - David S. Stanton
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Junaith S. Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
- Laboratory of Nerve and Muscle, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA
| | - John M. Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory SciencesWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA
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38
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Tang H, Inoki K, Brooks SV, Okazawa H, Lee M, Wang J, Kim M, Kennedy CL, Macpherson PCD, Ji X, Van Roekel S, Fraga DA, Wang K, Zhu J, Wang Y, Sharp ZD, Miller RA, Rando TA, Goldman D, Guan K, Shrager JB. mTORC1 underlies age-related muscle fiber damage and loss by inducing oxidative stress and catabolism. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12943. [PMID: 30924297 PMCID: PMC6516169 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging leads to skeletal muscle atrophy (i.e., sarcopenia), and muscle fiber loss is a critical component of this process. The mechanisms underlying these age-related changes, however, remain unclear. We show here that mTORC1 signaling is activated in a subset of skeletal muscle fibers in aging mouse and human, colocalized with fiber damage. Activation of mTORC1 in TSC1 knockout mouse muscle fibers increases the content of morphologically abnormal mitochondria and causes progressive oxidative stress, fiber damage, and fiber loss over the lifespan. Transcriptomic profiling reveals that mTORC1's activation increases the expression of growth differentiation factors (GDF3, 5, and 15), and of genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative stress and catabolism. We show that increased GDF15 is sufficient to induce oxidative stress and catabolic changes, and that mTORC1 increases the expression of GDF15 via phosphorylation of STAT3. Inhibition of mTORC1 in aging mouse decreases the expression of GDFs and STAT3's phosphorylation in skeletal muscle, reducing oxidative stress and muscle fiber damage and loss. Thus, chronically increased mTORC1 activity contributes to age-related muscle atrophy, and GDF signaling is a proposed mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Ken Inoki
- Life Science InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan,Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Susan V. Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Hideki Okazawa
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Myung Lee
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Junying Wang
- Life Science InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Michael Kim
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Catherine L. Kennedy
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Peter C. D. Macpherson
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Sabrina Van Roekel
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Danielle A. Fraga
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Kun Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia,Present address:
The Department of Thoracic SurgeryThird Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jinguo Zhu
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia,Present address:
Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryGuangxi International Zhuang Hospital of GuangXi University of Chinese MedicineNanNingChina
| | - Yoyo Wang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
| | - Zelton D. Sharp
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San AntonioSan AntonioTexas
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Thomas A. Rando
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia,Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging and Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Kun‐Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Joseph B. Shrager
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCalifornia,VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemPalo AltoCalifornia
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Byrne JJ, Soh MS, Chandhok G, Vijayaraghavan T, Teoh JS, Crawford S, Cobham AE, Yapa NMB, Mirth CK, Neumann B. Disruption of mitochondrial dynamics affects behaviour and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1967-1985. [PMID: 30840087 PMCID: PMC6478650 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential components of eukaryotic cells, carrying out critical physiological processes that include energy production and calcium buffering. Consequently, mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with a range of human diseases. Fundamental to their function is the ability to transition through fission and fusion states, which is regulated by several GTPases. Here, we have developed new methods for the non-subjective quantification of mitochondrial morphology in muscle and neuronal cells of Caenorhabditis elegans. Using these techniques, we uncover surprising tissue-specific differences in mitochondrial morphology when fusion or fission proteins are absent. From ultrastructural analysis, we reveal a novel role for the fusion protein FZO-1/mitofusin 2 in regulating the structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Moreover, we have determined the influence of the individual mitochondrial fission (DRP-1/DRP1) and fusion (FZO-1/mitofusin 1,2; EAT-3/OPA1) proteins on animal behaviour and lifespan. We show that loss of these mitochondrial fusion or fission regulators induced age-dependent and progressive deficits in animal movement, as well as in muscle and neuronal function. Our results reveal that disruption of fusion induces more profound defects than lack of fission on animal behaviour and tissue function, and imply that while fusion is required throughout life, fission is more important later in life likely to combat ageing-associated stressors. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that mitochondrial function is not strictly dependent on morphology, with no correlation found between morphological changes and behavioural defects. Surprisingly, we find that disruption of either mitochondrial fission or fusion significantly reduces median lifespan, but maximal lifespan is unchanged, demonstrating that mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in limiting variance in longevity across isogenic populations. Overall, our study provides important new insights into the central role of mitochondrial dynamics in maintaining organismal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Byrne
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ming S Soh
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Gursimran Chandhok
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Tarika Vijayaraghavan
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jean-Sébastien Teoh
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Simon Crawford
- Monash Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Ansa E Cobham
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nethmi M B Yapa
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Christen K Mirth
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Brent Neumann
- Neuroscience Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Alavizadeh NS, Rashidlamir A, Hejazi SM. Effect of Eight Weeks Aerobic and Combined Training on Serum Levels of Sirtuin 1 and PGC-1α in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients. MEDICAL LABORATORY JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/mlj.12.5.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
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41
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Rebelo-Marques A, De Sousa Lages A, Andrade R, Ribeiro CF, Mota-Pinto A, Carrilho F, Espregueira-Mendes J. Aging Hallmarks: The Benefits of Physical Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:258. [PMID: 29887832 PMCID: PMC5980968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
World population has been continuously increasing and progressively aging. Aging is characterized by a complex and intraindividual process associated with nine major cellular and molecular hallmarks, namely, genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, a loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. This review exposes the positive antiaging impact of physical exercise at the cellular level, highlighting its specific role in attenuating the aging effects of each hallmark. Exercise should be seen as a polypill, which improves the health-related quality of life and functional capabilities while mitigating physiological changes and comorbidities associated with aging. To achieve a framework of effective physical exercise interventions on aging, further research on its benefits and the most effective strategies is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rebelo-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Adriana De Sousa Lages
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | | | - Francisco Carrilho
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Department, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre – FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- 3B’s Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s–PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
- Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal
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42
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Addinsall AB, Wright CR, Shaw CS, McRae NL, Forgan LG, Weng CH, Conlan XA, Francis PS, Smith ZM, Andrikopoulos S, Stupka N. Deficiency of selenoprotein S, an endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductase, impairs the contractile function of fast-twitch hindlimb muscles. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R380-R396. [PMID: 29668323 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00244.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein S (Seps1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident antioxidant implicated in ER stress and inflammation. In human vastus lateralis and mouse hindlimb muscles, Seps1 localization and expression were fiber-type specific. In male Seps1+/- heterozygous mice, spontaneous physical activity was reduced compared with wild-type littermates ( d = 1.10, P = 0.029). A similar trend was also observed in Seps1-/- knockout mice ( d = 1.12, P = 0.051). Whole body metabolism, body composition, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus mass and myofiber diameter were unaffected by genotype. However, in isolated fast EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout mice, the force frequency curve (FFC; 1-120 Hz) was shifted downward versus EDL muscles from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.55, P = 0.002), suggestive of reduced strength. During 4 min of intermittent, submaximal (60 Hz) stimulation, the genetic deletion or reduction of Seps1 decreased EDL force production ( d = 0.52, P < 0.001). Furthermore, at the start of the intermittent stimulation protocol, when compared with the 60-Hz stimulation of the FFC, EDL muscles from Seps1-/- knockout or Seps1+/- heterozygous mice produced 10% less force than those from wild-type littermates ( d = 0.31, P < 0.001 and d = 0.39, P = 0.015). This functional impairment was associated with reduced mRNA transcript abundance of thioredoxin-1 ( Trx1), thioredoxin interacting protein ( Txnip), and the ER stress markers Chop and Grp94, whereas, in slow soleus muscles, Seps1 deletion did not compromise contractile function and Trx1 ( d = 1.38, P = 0.012) and Txnip ( d = 1.27, P = 0.025) gene expression was increased. Seps1 is a novel regulator of contractile function and cellular stress responses in fast-twitch muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex B Addinsall
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Craig R Wright
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chris S Shaw
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Natasha L McRae
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Leonard G Forgan
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Chia-Heng Weng
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Xavier A Conlan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Zoe M Smith
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
| | - Sofianos Andrikopoulos
- Department of Medicine-Austin Health, The University of Melbourne , Heidelberg, Victoria , Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria , Australia
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Neuromuscular synapse degeneration without muscle function loss in the diaphragm of a murine model for Huntington's Disease. Neurochem Int 2018. [PMID: 29530757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by chorea, incoordination and psychiatric and behavioral symptoms. The leading cause of death in HD patients is aspiration pneumonia, associated with respiratory dysfunction, decreased respiratory muscle strength and dysphagia. Although most of the motor symptoms are derived from alterations in the central nervous system, some might be associated with changes in the components of motor units (MU). To explore this hypothesis, we evaluated morphofunctional aspects of the diaphragm muscle in a mouse model for HD (BACHD). We showed that the axons of the phrenic nerves were not affected in 12-months-old BACHD mice, but the axon terminals that form the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) were more fragmented in these animals in comparison with the wild-type mice. In BACHD mice, the synaptic vesicles of the diaphragm NMJs presented a decreased exocytosis rate. Quantal content and quantal size were smaller and there was less synaptic depression whereas the estimated size of the readily releasable vesicle pool was not changed. At the ultrastructure level, the diaphragm NMJs of these mice presented fewer synaptic vesicles with flattened and oval shapes, which might be associated with the reduced expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter protein. Furthermore, mitochondria of the diaphragm muscle presented signs of degeneration in BACHD mice. Interestingly, despite all these cellular alterations, BACHD diaphragmatic function was not compromised, suggesting a higher resistance threshold of this muscle. A putative resistance mechanism may be protecting this vital muscle. Our data contribute to expanding the current understanding of the effects of mutated huntingtin in the neuromuscular synapse and the diaphragm muscle function.
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44
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Herbst A, Widjaja K, Nguy B, Lushaj EB, Moore TM, Hevener AL, McKenzie D, Aiken JM, Wanagat J. Digital PCR Quantitation of Muscle Mitochondrial DNA: Age, Fiber Type, and Mutation-Induced Changes. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1327-1333. [PMID: 28460005 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Definitive quantitation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and mtDNA deletion mutation abundances would help clarify the role of mtDNA instability in aging. To more accurately quantify mtDNA, we applied the emerging technique of digital polymerase chain reaction to individual muscle fibers and muscle homogenates from aged rodents. Individual fiber mtDNA content correlated with fiber type and decreased with age. We adapted a digital polymerase chain reaction deletion assay that was accurate in mixing experiments to a mutation frequency of 0.03% and quantitated an age-induced increase in deletion frequency from rat muscle homogenates. Importantly, the deletion frequency measured in muscle homogenates strongly correlated with electron transport chain-deficient fiber abundance determined by histochemical analyses. These data clarify the temporal accumulation of mtDNA deletions that lead to electron chain-deficient fibers, a process culminating in muscle fiber loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Beatrice Nguy
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Entela B Lushaj
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - Timothy M Moore
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Andrea L Hevener
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Judd M Aiken
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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Alvarez-Illera P, García-Casas P, Arias-del-Val J, Fonteriz RI, Alvarez J, Montero M. Pharynx mitochondrial [Ca 2+] dynamics in live C. elegans worms during aging. Oncotarget 2017; 8:55889-55900. [PMID: 28915560 PMCID: PMC5593531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive decline in mitochondrial function is generally considered one of the hallmarks of aging. We have expressed a Ca2+ sensor in the mitochondrial matrix of C. elegans pharynx cells and we have measured for the first time mitochondrial [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]M) dynamics in the pharynx of live C. elegans worms during aging. Our results show that worms stimulated with serotonin display a pharynx [Ca2+]M oscillatory kinetics that includes both high frequency oscillations (up to about 1Hz) and very prolonged "square-wave" [Ca2+]M increases, indicative of energy depletion of the pharynx cells. Mitochondrial [Ca2+] is therefore able to follow "beat-to-beat" the fast oscillations of cytosolic [Ca2+]. The fast [Ca2+]M oscillations kept steady frequency values during the whole worm life, from 2 to 12 days old, but the height and width of the peaks was progressively reduced. [Ca2+]M oscillations were also present with similar kinetics in respiratory chain complex I nuo-6 mutant worms, although with smaller height and frequency than in the controls, and larger width. In summary, Ca2+ fluxes in and out of the mitochondria are relatively well preserved during the C. elegans life, but there is a clear progressive decrease in their magnitude during aging. Moreover, mitochondrial Ca2+ fluxes were smaller in nuo-6 mutants with respect to the controls at every age and decreased similarly during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Paloma García-Casas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arias-del-Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosalba I. Fonteriz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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Herbst A, Wanagat J, Cheema N, Widjaja K, McKenzie D, Aiken JM. Latent mitochondrial DNA deletion mutations drive muscle fiber loss at old age. Aging Cell 2016; 15:1132-1139. [PMID: 27561813 PMCID: PMC5114866 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
With age, somatically derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletion mutations arise in many tissues and species. In skeletal muscle, deletion mutations clonally accumulate along the length of individual fibers. At high intrafiber abundances, these mutations disrupt individual cell respiration and are linked to the activation of apoptosis, intrafiber atrophy, breakage, and necrosis, contributing to fiber loss. This sequence of molecular and cellular events suggests a putative mechanism for the permanent loss of muscle fibers with age. To test whether mtDNA deletion mutation accumulation is a significant contributor to the fiber loss observed in aging muscle, we pharmacologically induced deletion mutation accumulation. We observed a 1200% increase in mtDNA deletion mutation-containing electron transport chain-deficient muscle fibers, an 18% decrease in muscle fiber number and 22% worsening of muscle mass loss. These data affirm the hypothesized role for mtDNA deletion mutation in the etiology of muscle fiber loss at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Herbst
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Jonathan Wanagat
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Nashwa Cheema
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Kevin Widjaja
- Division of Geriatrics Department of Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Debbie McKenzie
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
| | - Judd M. Aiken
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada
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47
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Hepple RT. Impact of aging on mitochondrial function in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 98:177-186. [PMID: 27033952 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle are subject to marked structural and functional impairment with aging and these changes contribute to the reduced capacity for exercise as we age. Since mitochondria are involved in multiple aspects of cellular homeostasis including energetics, reactive oxygen species signaling, and regulation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways, defects in this organelle are frequently implicated in the deterioration of skeletal and cardiac muscle with aging. On this basis, the purpose of this review is to evaluate the evidence that aging causes dysfunction in mitochondria in striated muscle with a view towards drawing conclusions about the potential of these changes to contribute to the deterioration seen in striated muscle with aging. As will be shown, impairment in respiration and reactive oxygen species emission with aging are highly variable between studies and seem to be largely a consequence of physical inactivity. On the other hand, both skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria are more susceptible to permeability transition and this seems a likely cause of the increased recruitment of mitochondrial-mediated pathways of apoptosis seen in striated muscle. The review concludes by examining the role of degeneration of mitochondrial DNA versus impaired mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in the accumulation of mitochondria that are sensitized to permeability transition, whereby the latter mechanism is favored as the most likely cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Hepple
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Translational Biology, McGill University Health Center, Canada; Meakins Christie Laboratories, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Canada
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48
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Abstract
Decrease in muscle mass and performance with ageing is one of the main factors of frailty in the elderly. Maintenance of muscle performance by involving in physical activities is essential to increase independence and quality of life among elderly. The use of natural compounds with ergogenic activity in old people would increase the effect of moderate exercises in the maintenance of physiological muscle capacity. Resveratrol (RSV), a polyphenol found in walnuts, berries and grapes, shows this ergogenic activity. By using young, mature and old mice as models, we have found that RSV improves muscle performance in mature and old animals but not in young animals. Without showing significant effect by itself, RSV primed the effect of exercise by increasing endurance, coordination and strength in old animals. This effect was accompanied by a higher protection against oxidative damage and an increase in mitochondrial mass. RSV increased catalase and superoxide dismutase protein levels in muscle and primed exercise to reverse the decrease in their activities during ageing. Furthermore, RSV increased the level of mitochondrial mass markers such as cytochrome C, mitochondrial transcription factor A and nuclear respiratory factor-1 in muscle in exercised animals. Our results indicate that RSV can be considered an ergogenic compound that helps maintain muscle performance during ageing and subsequently reduces frailty and increases muscle performance in old individuals practising moderate exercise.
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49
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Biswas D, Ghosh M, Kumar S, Chakrabarti P. PPARα-ATGL pathway improves muscle mitochondrial metabolism: implication in aging. FASEB J 2016; 30:3822-3834. [PMID: 27485820 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600571rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) maintains an optimum mitochondrial function putatively by generating cognate ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which, together with PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC1α), regulate muscle mitochondrial biogenesis. However, the cross-talk between ATGL and PPARα in skeletal muscle mitochondrial metabolism and its implication in chronological aging is poorly understood. The role of ATGL in muscle mitochondrial metabolism was studied by overexpressing and depleting the gene and studying its downstream effect in cultured myotubes and in murine skeletal muscle. We found that PPARα directly induces ATGL expression during myogenesis. Overexpression of ATGL significantly enhanced while depletion of ATGL attenuated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation without alteration in mitochondrial content, and it rendered PPARα and PGC1α redundant in promoting mitochondrial oxidative function. However, ATGL did not alter PPARα-dependent lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity. In middle-aged rats, ATGL expression was higher and correlated with PPARα expression and sustained fatty acid oxidation in oxidative soleus muscle. Fenofibrate feeding further induced ATGL expression selectively in this muscle compartment. These findings illustrate that PPARα and ATGL constitute a regulatory pathway in skeletal muscle, suggesting their role as a mitochondrial metabolic reserve.-Biswas, D., Ghosh, M., Kumar, S., Chakrabarti, P. PPARα-ATGL pathway improves muscle mitochondrial metabolism: implication in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipsikha Biswas
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; and
| | - Mainak Ghosh
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; and
| | - Subhankar Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India; and
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50
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Rygiel KA, Picard M, Turnbull DM. The ageing neuromuscular system and sarcopenia: a mitochondrial perspective. J Physiol 2016; 594:4499-512. [PMID: 26921061 PMCID: PMC4983621 DOI: 10.1113/jp271212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles undergo structural and functional decline with ageing, culminating in sarcopenia. The underlying neuromuscular mechanisms have been the subject of intense investigation, revealing mitochondrial abnormalities as potential culprits within both nerve and muscle cells. Implicated mechanisms involve impaired mitochondrial dynamics, reduced organelle biogenesis and quality control via mitophagy, accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and respiratory chain defect, metabolic disturbance, pro-apoptotic signalling, and oxidative stress. This article provides an overview of the cellular mechanisms whereby mitochondria may promote maladaptive changes within motor neurons, the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and muscle fibres. Lifelong physical activity, which promotes mitochondrial health across tissues, is emerging as an effective countermeasure for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Rygiel
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Martin Picard
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Doug M Turnbull
- Newcastle University Centre for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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