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Ricci A, Rubino E, Serra GP, Wallén-Mackenzie Å. Concerning neuromodulation as treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorder: Insights gained from selective targeting of the subthalamic nucleus, para-subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta in rodents. Neuropharmacology 2024; 256:110003. [PMID: 38789078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Neuromodulation such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) is advancing as a clinical intervention in several neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) for which DBS is already applied to alleviate severely afflicted individuals of symptoms. Tourette syndrome and drug addiction are two additional disorders for which DBS is in trial or proposed as treatment. However, some major remaining obstacles prevent this intervention from reaching its full therapeutic potential. Side-effects have been reported, and not all DBS-treated individuals are relieved of their symptoms. One major target area for DBS electrodes is the subthalamic nucleus (STN) which plays important roles in motor, affective and associative functions, with impact on for example movement, motivation, impulsivity, compulsivity, as well as both reward and aversion. The multifunctionality of the STN is complex. Decoding the anatomical-functional organization of the STN could enhance strategic targeting in human patients. The STN is located in close proximity to zona incerta (ZI) and the para-subthalamic nucleus (pSTN). Together, the STN, pSTN and ZI form a highly heterogeneous and clinically important brain area. Rodent-based experimental studies, including opto- and chemogenetics as well as viral-genetic tract tracings, provide unique insight into complex neuronal circuitries and their impact on behavior with high spatial and temporal precision. This research field has advanced tremendously over the past few years. Here, we provide an inclusive review of current literature in the pre-clinical research fields centered around STN, pSTN and ZI in laboratory mice and rats; the three highly heterogeneous and enigmatic structures brought together in the context of relevance for treatment strategies. Specific emphasis is placed on methods of manipulation and behavioral impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Eleonora Rubino
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Gian Pietro Serra
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Åsa Wallén-Mackenzie
- Uppsala University, Department of Organism Biology, 756 32 Uppsala, Sweden; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Ge J, Ren P, Tian B, Li J, Qi C, Huang Q, Ren K, Hu E, Mao H, Zang Y, Wu S, Xue Q, Wang W. Ventral zona incerta parvalbumin neurons modulate sensory-induced and stress-induced self-grooming via input-dependent mechanisms in mice. iScience 2024; 27:110165. [PMID: 38979011 PMCID: PMC11228785 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-grooming is an innate stereotyped behavior influenced by sense and emotion. It is considered an important characteristic in various disease models. However, the neural circuit mechanism underlying sensory-induced and emotion-driven self-grooming remains unclear. We found that the ventral zona incerta (Ziv) was activated during spontaneous self-grooming (SG), corn oil-induced sensory self-grooming (OG), and tail suspension-induced stress self-grooming (TG). Optogenetic excitation of Ziv parvalbumin (PV) neurons increased the duration of SG. Conversely, optogenetic inhibition of ZivPV neurons significantly reduced self-grooming in all three models. Furthermore, glutamatergic inputs from the primary sensory cortex activated the Ziv and contributed to OG. Activation of GABAergic inputs from the central amygdala to the Ziv increased SG, OG, and TG, potentially through local negative regulation of the Ziv. These findings suggest that the Ziv may play a crucial role in processing sensory and emotional information related to self-grooming, making it a potential target for regulating stereotyped behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junye Ge
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Biqing Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Chuchu Qi
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qiyi Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Keke Ren
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Erling Hu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Honghui Mao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ying Zang
- Pain Research Center and Department of Physiology, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan Road. 2, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qian Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wenting Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710032, China
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Gopalakrishnan B, Galili U, Saenger M, Burket NJ, Koss W, Lokender MS, Wolfe KM, Husak SJ, Stark CJ, Solorio L, Cox A, Dunbar A, Shi R, Li J. α-Gal Nanoparticles in CNS Trauma: II. Immunomodulation Following Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) Improves Functional Outcomes. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:437-453. [PMID: 38308742 PMCID: PMC10987462 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00616-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous investigations have shown that local application of nanoparticles presenting the carbohydrate moiety galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal epitopes) enhance wound healing by activating the complement system and recruiting pro-healing macrophages to the injury site. Our companion in vitro paper suggest α-gal epitopes can similarly recruit and polarize human microglia toward a pro-healing phenotype. In this continuation study, we investigate the in vivo implications of α-gal nanoparticle administration directly to the injured spinal cord. METHODS α-Gal knock-out (KO) mice subjected to spinal cord crush were injected either with saline (control) or with α-gal nanoparticles immediately following injury. Animals were assessed longitudinally with neurobehavioral and histological endpoints. RESULTS Mice injected with α-gal nanoparticles showed increased recruitment of anti-inflammatory macrophages to the injection site in conjunction with increased production of anti-inflammatory markers and a reduction in apoptosis. Further, the treated group showed increased axonal infiltration into the lesion, a reduction in reactive astrocyte populations and increased angiogenesis. These results translated into improved sensorimotor metrics versus the control group. CONCLUSIONS Application of α-gal nanoparticles after spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a pro-healing inflammatory response resulting in neuroprotection, improved axonal ingrowth into the lesion and enhanced sensorimotor recovery. The data shows α-gal nanoparticles may be a promising avenue for further study in CNS trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Megan Saenger
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Noah J Burket
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Wendy Koss
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Manjari S Lokender
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kaitlyn M Wolfe
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Samantha J Husak
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Collin J Stark
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Abigail Cox
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - August Dunbar
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jianming Li
- Center for Paralysis Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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Karimi SA, Zahra FT, Martin LJ. IUPHAR review: Navigating the role of preclinical models in pain research. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107073. [PMID: 38232910 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complex and challenging medical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain is a key goal of preclinical pain research so that more effective treatment strategies can be developed. In this review, we explore nociception, pain, and the multifaceted factors that lead to chronic pain by focusing on preclinical models. We provide a detailed look into inflammatory and neuropathic pain models and discuss the most used animal models for studying the mechanisms behind these conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the vital role of these preclinical models in developing new pain-relief drugs, focusing on biologics and the therapeutic potential of NMDA and cannabinoid receptor antagonists. We also discuss the challenges of TRPV1 modulation for pain treatment, the clinical failures of neurokinin (NK)- 1 receptor antagonists, and the partial success story of Ziconotide to provide valuable lessons for preclinical pain models. Finally, we highlight the overall success and limitations of current treatments for chronic pain while providing critical insights into the development of more effective therapies to alleviate the burden of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Asaad Karimi
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Fatama Tuz Zahra
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Loren J Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
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Arena G, Londei F, Ceccarelli F, Ferrucci L, Borra E, Genovesio A. Disentangling the identity of the zona incerta: a review of the known connections and latest implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102140. [PMID: 38008404 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The zona incerta (ZI) is a subthalamic region composed by loosely packed neurochemically mixed neurons, juxtaposed to the main ascending and descending bundles. The extreme neurochemical diversity that characterizes this area, together with the diffuseness of its connections with the entire neuraxis and its hard-to-reach positioning in the brain caused the ZI to keep its halo of mystery for over a century. However, in the last decades, a rich albeit fragmentary body of knowledge regarding both the incertal anatomical connections and functional implications has been built mostly based on rodent studies and its lack of cohesion makes difficult to depict an integrated, exhaustive picture regarding the ZI and its roles. This review aims to provide a unified resource that summarizes the current knowledge regarding the anatomical profile of interactions of the ZI in rodents and non-human primates and the functional significance of its connections, highlighting the aspects still unbeknown to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Arena
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Londei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; PhD program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ceccarelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferrucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Borra
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, Italy
| | - Aldo Genovesio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Hormigo S, Zhou J, Chabbert D, Sajid S, Busel N, Castro-Alamancos M. Zona incerta distributes a broad movement signal that modulates behavior. eLife 2023; 12:RP89366. [PMID: 38048270 PMCID: PMC10695563 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The zona incerta is a subthalamic nucleus made up mostly of GABAergic neurons. It has wide-ranging inputs and outputs and is believed to have many integrative functions that link sensory stimuli with motor responses to guide behavior. However, its role is not well established perhaps because few studies have measured the activity of zona incerta neurons in behaving animals under different conditions. To record the activity of zona incerta neurons during exploratory and cue-driven goal-directed behaviors, we used electrophysiology in head-fixed mice moving on a spherical treadmill and fiber photometry in freely moving mice. We found two groups of neurons based on their sensitivity to movement, with a minority of neurons responding to whisker stimuli. Furthermore, zona incerta GABAergic neurons robustly code the occurrence of exploratory and goal-directed movements, but not their direction. To understand the function of these activations, we performed genetically targeted lesions and optogenetic manipulations of zona incerta GABAergic neurons during exploratory and goal-directed behaviors. The results showed that the zona incerta has a role in modulating the movement associated with these behaviors, but this has little impact on overall performance. Zona incerta neurons distribute a broad corollary signal of movement occurrence to their diverse projection sites, which regulates behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hormigo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Dorian Chabbert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Sarmad Sajid
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Natan Busel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
| | - Manuel Castro-Alamancos
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonUnited States
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Askari A, Lam JLW, Zhu BJ, Lu CW, Chou KL, Wyant KJ, Patil PG. Dorsal subthalamic deep brain stimulation improves pain in Parkinson's disease. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1240379. [PMID: 37663307 PMCID: PMC10469498 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1240379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inconsistent effects of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) on pain, a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), may be due to variations in active contact location relative to some pain-reducing locus of stimulation. This study models and compares the loci of maximal effect for pain reduction and motor improvement in STN DBS. Methods We measured Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part I pain score (item-9), and MDS-UPDRS Part III motor score, preoperatively and 6-12 months after STN DBS. An ordinary least-squares regression model was used to examine active contact location as a predictor of follow-up pain score while controlling for baseline pain, age, dopaminergic medication, and motor improvement. An atlas-independent isotropic electric field model was applied to distinguish sites of maximally effective stimulation for pain and motor improvement. Results In 74 PD patients, mean pain score significantly improved after STN DBS (p = 0.01). In a regression model, more dorsal active contact location was the only significant predictor of pain improvement (R2 = 0.17, p = 0.03). The stimulation locus for maximal pain improvement was lateral, anterior, and dorsal to that for maximal motor improvement. Conclusion STN stimulation, dorsal to the site of optimal motor improvement, improves pain. This region contains the zona incerta, which is known to modulate pain in humans, and may explain this observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asra Askari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jordan L. W. Lam
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Brandon J. Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Charles W. Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelvin L. Chou
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kara J. Wyant
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Parag G. Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Woodson J, Bergan JF. Uncovering the brain-wide pattern of synaptic input to vasopressin-expressing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:1017-1031. [PMID: 37121600 PMCID: PMC10566340 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide critical for the mammalian stress response and social behavior. AVP produced in the hypothalamus regulates water osmolality and vasoconstriction in the body, and in the brain, it regulates social behavior, aggression, and anxiety. However, the circuit mechanisms that link AVP to social behavior, homeostatic function, and disease are not well understood. This study investigates the circuit configurations of AVP-expressing neurons in the rodent hypothalamus and characterizes synaptic input from the entire brain. We targeted the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) using retrograde viral tracing techniques to identify direct afferent synaptic connections made onto AVP-expressing neurons. AVP neurons in the PVN display region-specific anatomical configurations that reflect their unique contributions to homeostatic function, motor behaviors, feeding, and affiliative behavior. The afferent connections identified were similar in both sexes and subsequent molecular investigation of these inputs shows that those local hypothalamic inputs are overwhelmingly nonpeptidergic cells indicating a potential interneuron nexus between hormone cell activation and broader cortical connection. This proposed work reveals new insights into the organization of social behavior circuits in the brain, and how neuropeptides act centrally to modulate social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Woodson
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph F Bergan
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Schroeder A, Pardi MB, Keijser J, Dalmay T, Groisman AI, Schuman EM, Sprekeler H, Letzkus JJ. Inhibitory top-down projections from zona incerta mediate neocortical memory. Neuron 2023; 111:727-738.e8. [PMID: 36610397 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Top-down projections convey a family of signals encoding previous experiences and current aims to the sensory neocortex, where they converge with external bottom-up information to enable perception and memory. Whereas top-down control has been attributed to excitatory pathways, the existence, connectivity, and information content of inhibitory top-down projections remain elusive. Here, we combine synaptic two-photon calcium imaging, circuit mapping, cortex-dependent learning, and chemogenetics in mice to identify GABAergic afferents from the subthalamic zona incerta as a major source of top-down input to the neocortex. Incertocortical transmission undergoes robust plasticity during learning that improves information transfer and mediates behavioral memory. Unlike excitatory pathways, incertocortical afferents form a disinhibitory circuit that encodes learned top-down relevance in a bidirectional manner where the rapid appearance of negative responses serves as the main driver of changes in stimulus representation. Our results therefore reveal the distinctive contribution of long-range (dis)inhibitory afferents to the computational flexibility of neocortical circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Schroeder
- Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - M Belén Pardi
- Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Joram Keijser
- Modelling of Cognitive Processes, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamas Dalmay
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayelén I Groisman
- Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Henning Sprekeler
- Modelling of Cognitive Processes, Institute of Software Engineering and Theoretical Computer Science, Technische Universität Berlin, 10587 Berlin, Germany; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany; Science of Intelligence, Research Cluster of Excellence, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes J Letzkus
- Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany; Center for Basics in NeuroModulation (NeuroModul Basics), University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; IMBIT//BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany.
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Wu FL, Chen SH, Li JN, Zhao LJ, Wu XM, Hong J, Zhu KH, Sun HX, Shi SJ, Mao E, Zang WD, Cao J, Kou ZZ, Li YQ. Projections from the Rostral Zona Incerta to the Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Mediate Nociceptive Neurotransmission in Mice. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020226. [PMID: 36837844 PMCID: PMC9966812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Zona incerta (ZI) is an integrative subthalamic region in nociceptive neurotransmission. Previous studies demonstrated that the rostral ZI (ZIR) is an important gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) source to the thalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVT), but whether the ZIR-PVT pathway participates in nociceptive modulation is still unclear. Therefore, our investigation utilized anatomical tracing, fiber photometry, chemogenetic, optogenetic and local pharmacological approaches to investigate the roles of the ZIRGABA+-PVT pathway in nociceptive neurotransmission in mice. We found that projections from the GABAergic neurons in ZIR to PVT were involved in nociceptive neurotransmission. Furthermore, chemogenetic and optogenetic activation of the ZIRGABA+-PVT pathway alleviates pain, whereas inhibiting the activities of the ZIRGABA+-PVT circuit induces mechanical hypersensitivity and partial heat hyperalgesia. Importantly, in vivo pharmacology combined with optogenetics revealed that the GABA-A receptor (GABAAR) is crucial for GABAergic inhibition from ZIR to PVT. Our data suggest that the ZIRGABA+-PVT pathway acts through GABAAR-expressing glutamatergic neurons in PVT mediates nociceptive neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Ling Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Si-Hai Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Jia-Ni Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Liu-Jie Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xue-Mei Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Baotou Medical College Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Ke-Hua Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Han-Xue Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Su-Juan Shi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - E Mao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Kou
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Z.K.); (Y.-Q.L.); Tel.: +86-29-8477-2706; Fax: +86-29-8328-3229 (Y.-Q.L.)
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Preclinical Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology and K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science Research and Transformation in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-Z.K.); (Y.-Q.L.); Tel.: +86-29-8477-2706; Fax: +86-29-8328-3229 (Y.-Q.L.)
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11
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Cha M, Eum YJ, Kim K, Kim L, Bak H, Sohn JH, Cheong C, Lee BH. Diffusion tensor imaging reveals sex differences in pain sensitivity of rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1073963. [PMID: 36937048 PMCID: PMC10017469 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1073963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on differences in brain structure and function according to sex are reported to contribute to differences in behavior and cognition. However, few studies have investigated brain structures or used tractography to investigate gender differences in pain sensitivity. The identification of tracts involved in sex-based structural differences that show pain sensitivity has remained elusive to date. Here, we attempted to demonstrate the sex differences in pain sensitivity and to clarify its relationship with brain structural connectivity. In this study, pain behavior test and brain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed in male and female rats and tractography was performed on the whole brain using fiber tracking software. We selected eight brain regions related to pain and performed a tractography analysis of these regions. Fractional anisotropy (FA) measurements using automated tractography revealed sex differences in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)-, prefrontal cortex (PFC)-, and ventral posterior thalamus-related brain connections. In addition, the results of the correlation analysis of pain sensitivity and DTI tractography showed differences in mean, axial, and radial diffusivities, as well as FA. This study revealed the potential of DTI for exploring circuits involved in pain sensitivity. The behavioral and functional relevance's of measures derived from DTI tractography is demonstrated by their relationship with pain sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ji Eum
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Leejeong Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Bak
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hun Sohn
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Chaejoon Cheong,
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Bae Hwan Lee,
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12
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Monosov IE, Ogasawara T, Haber SN, Heimel JA, Ahmadlou M. The zona incerta in control of novelty seeking and investigation across species. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2022; 77:102650. [PMID: 36399897 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many organisms rely on a capacity to rapidly replicate, disperse, and evolve when faced with uncertainty and novelty. But mammals do not evolve and replicate quickly. They rely on a sophisticated nervous system to generate predictions and select responses when confronted with these challenges. An important component of their behavioral repertoire is the adaptive context-dependent seeking or avoiding of perceptually novel objects, even when their values have not yet been learned. Here, we outline recent cross-species breakthroughs that shed light on how the zona incerta (ZI), a relatively evolutionarily conserved brain area, supports novelty-seeking and novelty-related investigations. We then conjecture how the architecture of the ZI's anatomical connectivity - the wide-ranging top-down cortical inputs to the ZI, and its specifically strong outputs to both the brainstem action controllers and to brain areas involved in action value learning - place the ZI in a unique role at the intersection of cognitive control and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Monosov
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Takaya Ogasawara
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suzanne N Haber
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - J Alexander Heimel
- Circuits Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mehran Ahmadlou
- Circuits Structure and Function Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, 25 Howland St., W1T4JG London, UK
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13
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Wang M, Tutt JO, Dorricott NO, Parker KL, Russo AF, Sowers LP. Involvement of the cerebellum in migraine. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:984406. [PMID: 36313527 PMCID: PMC9608746 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.984406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a disabling neurological disease characterized by moderate or severe headaches and accompanied by sensory abnormalities, e.g., photophobia, allodynia, and vertigo. It affects approximately 15% of people worldwide. Despite advancements in current migraine therapeutics, mechanisms underlying migraine remain elusive. Within the central nervous system, studies have hinted that the cerebellum may play an important sensory integrative role in migraine. More specifically, the cerebellum has been proposed to modulate pain processing, and imaging studies have revealed cerebellar alterations in migraine patients. This review aims to summarize the clinical and preclinical studies that link the cerebellum to migraine. We will first discuss cerebellar roles in pain modulation, including cerebellar neuronal connections with pain-related brain regions. Next, we will review cerebellar symptoms and cerebellar imaging data in migraine patients. Lastly, we will highlight the possible roles of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in migraine symptoms, including preclinical cerebellar studies in animal models of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Wang
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Joseph O. Tutt
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Krystal L. Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Andrew F. Russo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Levi P. Sowers
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Veterans Administration Health Center, Iowa City, IA, United States,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States,*Correspondence: Levi P. Sowers
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14
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The caudal prethalamus: Inhibitory switchboard for behavioral control? Neuron 2022; 110:2728-2742. [PMID: 36076337 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prethalamic nuclei in the mammalian brain include the zona incerta, the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, and the intergeniculate leaflet, which provide long-range inhibition to many targets in the midbrain, hindbrain, and thalamus. These nuclei in the caudal prethalamus can integrate sensory and non-sensory information, and together they exert powerful inhibitory control over a wide range of brain functions and behaviors that encompass most aspects of the behavioral repertoire of mammals, including sleep, circadian rhythms, feeding, drinking, predator avoidance, and exploration. In this perspective, we highlight the evidence for this wide-ranging control and lay out the hypothesis that one role of caudal prethalamic nuclei may be that of a behavioral switchboard that-depending on the sensory input, the behavioral context, and the state of the animal-can promote a behavioral strategy and suppress alternative, competing behaviors by modulating inhibitory drive onto diverse target areas.
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15
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Yang Y, Jiang T, Jia X, Yuan J, Li X, Gong H. Whole-Brain Connectome of GABAergic Neurons in the Mouse Zona Incerta. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1315-1329. [PMID: 35984621 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00930-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The zona incerta (ZI) is involved in various functions and may serve as an integrative node of the circuits for global behavioral modulation. However, the long-range connectivity of different sectors in the mouse ZI has not been comprehensively mapped. Here, we obtained whole-brain images of the input and output connections via fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography and viral tracing. The principal regions in the input-output circuits of ZI GABAergic neurons were topologically organized. The 3D distribution of cortical inputs showed rostro-caudal correspondence with different ZI sectors, while the projection fibers from ZI sectors were longitudinally organized in the superior colliculus. Clustering results show that the medial and lateral ZI are two different major functional compartments, and they can be further divided into more subdomains based on projection and input connectivity. This study provides a comprehensive anatomical foundation for understanding how the ZI is involved in integrating different information, conveying motivational states, and modulating global behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xueyan Jia
- Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Research Unit of Multimodal Cross Scale Neural Signal Detection and Imaging, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, HUST-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, JITRI, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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16
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Farzinpour Z, Liu A, Cao P, Mao Y, Zhang Z, Jin Y. Microglial Engulfment of Spines in the Ventral Zona Incerta Regulates Anxiety-Like Behaviors in a Mouse Model of Acute Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:898346. [PMID: 35910255 PMCID: PMC9337222 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.898346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although activation of microglial cells is critical in developing brain disorders, their role in anxiety-like behaviors in pain is still vague. This study indicates that alteration of microglia’s neuronal spine engulfment capacity in ventral zona incerta (ZIV) leads to significant pain and anxiety-like behaviors in mice 1-day post-injection of Complete Freud’s Adjuvant (CFA1D). Performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in GABAergic neurons in the ZIV (ZIVGABA) in brain slices, we observed decreased activity in ZIvGABA and reduced frequency of the miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in ZIVGABA of CFA1D mice compared with the saline1D mice. Besides, chemogenetic activation of ZIVGABA significantly relieved pain and anxiety-like behaviors in CFA1D mice. Conversely, in naïve mice, chemogenetic inhibition of ZIVGABA induced pain and anxiety-like behaviors. Interestingly, we found changes in the density and morphology of ZIVMicroglia and increased microglial engulfment of spines in ZIV of CFA1D mice. Furthermore, pain sensitization and anxiety-like behaviors were reversed when the ZIVMicroglia of CFA1D-treated mice were chemically inhibited by intra-ZIV minocycline injection, accompanied by the recovery of decreased ZIVGABA excitability. Conclusively, our results provide novel insights that dysregulation of microglial engulfment capacity encodes maladaptation of ZIVGABA, thus promoting the development of anxiety-like behaviors in acute pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Farzinpour
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yu Mao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi Zhang,
| | - Yan Jin
- Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Yan Jin,
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17
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Cunha de Azevedo AR, Contreras López WO, Navarro PA, Gouveia FV, Germann J, Elias GJB, Ruiz Martinez RC, Lopes Alho EJ, Fonoff ET. Unilateral Campotomy of Forel for Acquired Hemidystonia: An Open-Label Clinical Trial. Neurosurgery 2022; 91:139-145. [PMID: 35550448 DOI: 10.1227/neu.0000000000001963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemidystonia (HD) is characterized by unilateral involuntary torsion movements and fixed postures of the limbs and face. It often develops after deleterious neuroplastic changes secondary to injuries to the brain. This condition usually responds poorly to medical treatment, and deep brain stimulation often yields unsatisfactory results. We propose this study based on encouraging results from case reports of patients with HD treated by ablative procedures in the subthalamic region. OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of stereotactic-guided radiofrequency lesioning of the subthalamic area vs available medical treatment in patients suffering from acquired HD. METHODS This is an open-label study in patients with secondary HD allocated according to their treatment choice, either surgical or medical treatment; both groups were followed for one year. Patients assigned in the surgical group underwent unilateral campotomy of Forel. The efficacy was assessed using the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale, Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Scale, Arm Dystonia Disability Scale, and SF-36 questionnaire scores. RESULTS Patients in the surgical group experienced significant improvement in the Unified Dystonia Rating Scale, Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Scale, and Arm Dystonia Disability Scale (39%, 35%, and 15%, respectively) 1 year after the surgery, with positive reflex in quality-of-life measures, such as bodily pain and role-emotional process. Patients kept on medical treatment did not experience significant changes during the follow-up. No infections were recorded, and no neurological adverse events were associated with either intervention. CONCLUSION The unilateral stereotaxy-guided ablation of Forel H1 and H2 fields significantly improved in patients with HD compared with optimized clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William Omar Contreras López
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, NEMOD Research Group, Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga, Division of Functional Neurosurgery, FOSCAL Hospital, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | | | | | - Raquel Chacon Ruiz Martinez
- LIM/23, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Neuroscience, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Li J, Bai Y, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Ge J, Li D, Zhu Y, Cai G, Tao H, Wu S, Huang J. Parvalbumin Neurons in Zona Incerta Regulate Itch in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:843754. [PMID: 35299695 PMCID: PMC8920991 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.843754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain and itch are intricately entangled at both circuitry and behavioral levels. Emerging evidence indicates that parvalbumin (PV)-expressing neurons in zona incerta (ZI) are critical for promoting nocifensive behaviors. However, the role of these neurons in itch modulation remains elusive. Herein, by combining FOS immunostaining, fiber photometry, and chemogenetic manipulation, we reveal that ZI PV neurons act as an endogenous negative diencephalic modulator for itch processing. Morphological data showed that both histamine and chloroquine stimuli induced FOS expression in ZI PV neurons. The activation of these neurons was further supported by the increased calcium signal upon scratching behavior evoked by acute itch. Behavioral data further indicated that chemogenetic activation of these neurons reduced scratching behaviors related to histaminergic and non-histaminergic acute itch. Similar neural activity and modulatory role of ZI PV neurons were seen in mice with chronic itch induced by atopic dermatitis. Together, our study provides direct evidence for the role of ZI PV neurons in regulating itch, and identifies a potential target for the remedy of chronic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- The Cadet Team 6 of School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuying Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Junye Ge
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dangchao Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guohong Cai
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Huiren Tao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shengxi Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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19
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Elbaz M, Callado Perez A, Demers M, Zhao S, Foo C, Kleinfeld D, Deschenes M. A vibrissa pathway that activates the limbic system. eLife 2022; 11:72096. [PMID: 35142608 PMCID: PMC8830883 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrissa sensory inputs play a central role in driving rodent behavior. These inputs transit through the sensory trigeminal nuclei, which give rise to the ascending lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways. While lemniscal projections are somatotopically mapped from brainstem to cortex, those of the paralemniscal pathway are more widely distributed. Yet the extent and topography of paralemniscal projections are unknown, along with the potential role of these projections in controlling behavior. Here, we used viral tracers to map paralemniscal projections. We find that this pathway broadcasts vibrissa-based sensory signals to brainstem regions that are involved in the regulation of autonomic functions and to forebrain regions that are involved in the expression of emotional reactions. We further provide evidence that GABAergic cells of the Kölliker-Fuse nucleus gate trigeminal sensory input in the paralemniscal pathway via a mechanism of presynaptic or extrasynaptic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Elbaz
- CERVO Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Amalia Callado Perez
- CERVO Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada.,Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Maxime Demers
- CERVO Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Shengli Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Conrad Foo
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Section of Neurobiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
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20
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Defrin R, Gruener H, Gaidukov E, Bondi M, Rachamim-Katz O, Ringler E, Blumen N, Zeilig G. From acute to long-term alterations in pain processing and modulation after spinal cord injury: mechanisms related to chronification of central neuropathic pain. Pain 2022; 163:e94-e105. [PMID: 33863855 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT A severe and debilitating consequence of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is central neuropathic pain (CNP). Our aim was to investigate the processes leading to CNP emergence and chronification by analyzing causal relationship over time between spinothalamic function, pain excitability, and pain inhibition after SCI. This longitudinal follow-up study included 53 patients with acute SCI and 20 healthy controls. Spinothalamic, pain excitability, and intrasegmental and extrasegmental pain inhibition indices were repeatedly evaluated at 1.5, 3, and 6 months post-SCI. Between- and within-group analyses were conducted among those patients who eventually developed CNP and those who did not. Healthy controls were evaluated twice for repeatability analysis. Patients who developed CNP, compared with those who did not, exhibited increased thermal thresholds (P < 0.05), reduced pain adaptation (P < 0.01), and conditioned pain modulation (P < 0.05), early post-injury, and the CNP group's manifestations remained worse throughout the follow-up. By contrast, allodynia frequency was initially similar across SCI groups, but gradually increased in the subacute phase onward only among the CNP group (P < 0.001), along with CNP emergence. Early worse spinothalamic and pain inhibition preceded CNP and predicted its occurrence, and early worse pain inhibition mediated the link between spinothalamic function and CNP. Crossover associations were observed between early and late pain inhibition and excitability. Inefficient intrasegmental and extrasegmental inhibition, possibly resulting from spinothalamic deafferentation, seems to ignite CNP chronification. Pain excitability probably contributes to CNP maintenance, possibly via further exhaustion of the inhibitory control. Preemptive treatment promoting antinociception early post-SCI may mitigate or prevent CNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Defrin
- Department of Physical Therapy at Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hila Gruener
- Department of Physical Therapy at Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Evgeni Gaidukov
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Bondi
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orna Rachamim-Katz
- Barzilai Day Care Rehabilitation Unit, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Erez Ringler
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nava Blumen
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gabi Zeilig
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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21
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Petty GH, Kinnischtzke AK, Hong YK, Bruno RM. Effects of arousal and movement on secondary somatosensory and visual thalamus. eLife 2021; 10:67611. [PMID: 34842139 PMCID: PMC8660016 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neocortical sensory areas have associated primary and secondary thalamic nuclei. While primary nuclei transmit sensory information to cortex, secondary nuclei remain poorly understood. We recorded juxtasomally from secondary somatosensory (POm) and visual (LP) nuclei of awake mice while tracking whisking and pupil size. POm activity correlated with whisking, but not precise whisker kinematics. This coarse movement modulation persisted after facial paralysis and thus was not due to sensory reafference. This phenomenon also continued during optogenetic silencing of somatosensory and motor cortex and after lesion of superior colliculus, ruling out a motor efference copy mechanism. Whisking and pupil dilation were strongly correlated, possibly reflecting arousal. Indeed LP, which is not part of the whisker system, tracked whisking equally well, further indicating that POm activity does not encode whisker movement per se. The semblance of movement-related activity is likely instead a global effect of arousal on both nuclei. We conclude that secondary thalamus monitors behavioral state, rather than movement, and may exist to alter cortical activity accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon H Petty
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Amanda K Kinnischtzke
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Y Kate Hong
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, United States
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22
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Li Z, Rizzi G, Tan KR. Zona incerta subpopulations differentially encode and modulate anxiety. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabf6709. [PMID: 34516764 PMCID: PMC8442884 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf6709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent clinical observations linking the zona incerta (ZI) to anxiety, little is known about whether and how the ZI processes anxiety. Here, we subject mice to anxious experiences and observe an increase in ZI c-fos–labeled neurons and single-cell calcium activity as well as an efficient effect of ZI infusion of diazepam, a classical anxiolytic drug. We further identify that somatostatin (SOM)–, calretinin (CR)–, and vesicular glutamate transporter-2 (Vglut2)–expressing cells display unique electrophysiological profiles; however, they similarly respond to anxiety-provoking stimuli and to diazepam. Optogenetic manipulations reveal that each of these ZI neuronal populations triggers specific anxiety-related behavioral phenotypes. Activation of SOM-expressing neurons induced anxiety, while photoactivation of CR-positive cells and photoinhibition of Vglut2-expressing neurons produce anxiolysis. Furthermore, activation of CR- and Vglut2-positive cells provokes rearing and jumps, respectively. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence that ZI subpopulations encode and modulate different components of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoliang Li
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giorgio Rizzi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kelly R. Tan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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23
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Mease RA, Gonzalez AJ. Corticothalamic Pathways From Layer 5: Emerging Roles in Computation and Pathology. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:730211. [PMID: 34566583 PMCID: PMC8458899 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.730211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Large portions of the thalamus receive strong driving input from cortical layer 5 (L5) neurons but the role of this important pathway in cortical and thalamic computations is not well understood. L5-recipient "higher-order" thalamic regions participate in cortico-thalamo-cortical (CTC) circuits that are increasingly recognized to be (1) anatomically and functionally distinct from better-studied "first-order" CTC networks, and (2) integral to cortical activity related to learning and perception. Additionally, studies are beginning to elucidate the clinical relevance of these networks, as dysfunction across these pathways have been implicated in several pathological states. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding L5 CTC networks across sensory modalities and brain regions, particularly studies leveraging cell-type-specific tools that allow precise experimental access to L5 CTC circuits. We aim to provide a focused and accessible summary of the anatomical, physiological, and computational properties of L5-originating CTC networks, and outline their underappreciated contribution in pathology. We particularly seek to connect single-neuron and synaptic properties to network (dys)function and emerging theories of cortical computation, and highlight information processing in L5 CTC networks as a promising focus for computational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Mease
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical Biophysics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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An increase in dendritic plateau potentials is associated with experience-dependent cortical map reorganization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024920118. [PMID: 33619110 PMCID: PMC7936269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024920118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a mechanism for cortical map plasticity. Classically, representational map changes are thought to be driven by changes within cortico-cortical circuits, e.g., Hebbian plasticity of synaptic circuits that lost vs. maintained an excitatory drive from the first-order thalamus, possibly steered by neuromodulatory forces from deep brain regions. Our work provides evidence for an additional gating mechanism, provided by plateau potentials, which are driven by higher-order thalamic feedback. Higher-order thalamic neurons are characterized by broad receptive fields, and the plateau potentials that they evoke strongly facilitate long-term potentiation and elicit spikes. We show that these features combined constitute a powerful driving force for the fusion or expansion of sensory representations within cortical maps. The organization of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex depends on experience, which drives homeostatic and long-term synaptic plasticity of cortico-cortical circuits. In the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) afferents from the higher-order, posterior medial thalamic nucleus (POm) gate synaptic plasticity in layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons via disinhibition and the production of dendritic plateau potentials. Here we address whether these thalamocortically mediated responses play a role in whisker map plasticity in S1. We find that trimming all but two whiskers causes a partial fusion of the representations of the two spared whiskers, concomitantly with an increase in the occurrence of POm-driven N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plateau potentials. Blocking the plateau potentials restores the archetypical organization of the sensory map. Our results reveal a mechanism for experience-dependent cortical map plasticity in which higher-order thalamocortically mediated plateau potentials facilitate the fusion of normally segregated cortical representations.
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25
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Genaro K, Prado WA. The role of the anterior pretectal nucleus in pain modulation: A comprehensive review. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4358-4380. [PMID: 33909941 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Descending pain modulation involves multiple encephalic sites and pathways that range from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Behavioral studies conducted in the 1980s revealed that electrical stimulation of the pretectal area causes antinociception dissociation from aversive responses. Anatomical and physiological studies identified the anterior pretectal nucleus and its descending projections to several midbrain, pontine, and medullary structures. The anterior pretectal nucleus is morphologically divided into a dorsal part that contains a dense neuron population (pars compacta) and a ventral part that contains a dense fiber band network (pars reticulata). Connections of the two anterior pretectal nucleus parts are broad and include prominent projections to and from major encephalic systems associated with somatosensory processes. Since the first observation that acute or chronic noxious stimuli activate the anterior pretectal nucleus, it has been established that numerous mediators participate in this response through distinct pathways. Recent studies have confirmed that at least two pain inhibitory pathways are activated from the anterior pretectal nucleus. This review focuses on rodent anatomical, behavioral, molecular, and neurochemical data that have helped to identify mediators of the anterior pretectal nucleus and pathways related to its role in pain modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Genaro
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wiliam A Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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26
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Transcranial Magnetic Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound in X-Linked Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11050392. [PMID: 33925939 PMCID: PMC8145494 DOI: 10.3390/life11050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism (XDP) is a neurodegenerative condition found among males with maternal ancestry from Panay Island, Philippines. The treatment options are limited. We report on our experience of three XDP patients who underwent transcranial magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (tcMRgFUS) pallidothalamic tractotomy. The three patients were all genetically confirmed XDP, with a mean XDP-Movement Disorder Society of the Philippines (MDSP) Scale score of 68.7/200. All patients were on stable doses of their oral medications and their last botulinum toxin injection was 12 months prior to study. Two patients complained of moderate to severe arm pain 2-7 months after the procedure. There was an overall improvement in the XDP-MDSP Scale score of 36.2% (18.7 vs. 15) at 6 months and 30.1% (68.7 vs. 45.5) at 1 year. Notably, there was worsening of the nonmotor subscale (part IIIB, nonbehavioral aspect) by 350% at 1 year. While these numbers are encouraging, there is a need to do a larger study on the safety and efficacy of tcMRgFUS on XDP.
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27
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Lu CW, Harper DE, Askari A, Willsey MS, Vu PP, Schrepf AD, Harte SE, Patil PG. Stimulation of zona incerta selectively modulates pain in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8924. [PMID: 33903611 PMCID: PMC8076305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87873-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of zona incerta in rodent models has been shown to modulate behavioral reactions to noxious stimuli. Sensory changes observed in Parkinsonian patients with subthalamic deep brain stimulation suggest that this effect is translatable to humans. Here, we utilized the serendipitous placement of subthalamic deep brain stimulation leads in 6 + 5 Parkinsonian patients to directly investigate the effects of zona incerta stimulation on human pain perception. We found that stimulation at 20 Hz, the physiological firing frequency of zona incerta, reduces experimental heat pain by a modest but significant amount, achieving a 30% reduction in one fifth of implants. Stimulation at higher frequencies did not modulate heat pain. Modulation was selective for heat pain and was not observed for warmth perception or pressure pain. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation of sensory changes seen in subthalamic deep brain stimulation patients and identify zona incerta as a potential target for neuromodulation of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, SPC 5338, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel E Harper
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Asra Askari
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, SPC 5338, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA
| | - Matthew S Willsey
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, SPC 5338, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Philip P Vu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, SPC 5338, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew D Schrepf
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Steven E Harte
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Parag G Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, 1500 E Medical Center Drive, SPC 5338, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5338, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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28
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Deng X, Chau PLH, Chiu SY, Leung KP, Hu Y, Ip WY. Neural plasticity secondary to carpal tunnel syndrome: a pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling study. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:158-165. [PMID: 32788471 PMCID: PMC7818880 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional neuroimaging techniques cannot truly reflect the change of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Pseudo-continuous arterial spinning labeling (pCASL) as an efficient non-invasive neuroimaging technique can be applied to directly quantify the neuronal activities of individual brain regions that show the persistent symptoms owing to its better spatial resolution and increased signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, this prospective observational study was conducted in 27 eligible female carpal tunnel syndrome, aged 57.7 ± 6.51 years. Psychometric tests, nerve conduction studies and pCASL neuroimaging assessment were performed. The results showed that the relevant activated brain regions in the cortical, subcrotical, and cerebral regions were correlated with numbness, pain, functionality, median nerve status and motor amplitude of median nerve (K = 21-2849, r = -0.77-0.76, P < 0.05). There was a tendency of pain processing which shifted from the nociceptive circuitry to the emotional and cognitive one during the process of chronic pain caused by carpal tunnel syndrome. It suggests the necessity of addressing the ignored cognitive or emotional state when managing patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Approval for this study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of The University of Hong Kong/Hospital Authority Hong Kong West, China (HKU/HA HKW IRB, approval No. UW17-129) on April 11, 2017. This study was registered in Clinical Trial Registry of The University of Hong Kong, China (registration number: HKUCTR-2220) on April 24, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Deng
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Phoebe Lai-Heung Chau
- Clinical Neuro-diagnostic Unit, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Suk-Yee Chiu
- Clinical Neuro-diagnostic Unit, Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Pui Leung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wing-Yuk Ip
- Department of Orthopedics & Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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29
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Abboud C, Duveau A, Bouali-Benazzouz R, Massé K, Mattar J, Brochoire L, Fossat P, Boué-Grabot E, Hleihel W, Landry M. Animal models of pain: Diversity and benefits. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 348:108997. [PMID: 33188801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to developing novel treatments. A large variety of animal models of pain has been developed that recapitulate the diverse symptoms of different pain pathologies. These models reproduce different pain phenotypes and remain necessary to examine the multidimensional aspects of pain and understand the cellular and molecular basis underlying pain conditions. In this review, we propose an overview of animal models, from simple organisms to rodents and non-human primates and the specific traits of pain pathologies they model. We present the main behavioral tests for assessing pain and investing the underpinning mechanisms of chronic pathological pain. The validity of animal models is analysed based on their ability to mimic human clinical diseases and to predict treatment outcomes. Refine characterization of pathological phenotypes also requires to consider pain globally using specific procedures dedicated to study emotional comorbidities of pain. We discuss the limitations of pain models when research findings fail to be translated from animal models to human clinics. But we also point to some recent successes in analgesic drug development that highlight strategies for improving the predictive validity of animal models of pain. Finally, we emphasize the importance of using assortments of preclinical pain models to identify pain subtype mechanisms, and to foster the development of better analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Abboud
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, IINS, UMR 5297, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Alexia Duveau
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Rabia Bouali-Benazzouz
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Karine Massé
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Joseph Mattar
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Louison Brochoire
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascal Fossat
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Eric Boué-Grabot
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Walid Hleihel
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon; Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Lebanon
| | - Marc Landry
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, IMN, UMR 5293, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
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30
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Zhu X, Zhou W, Jin Y, Tang H, Cao P, Mao Y, Xie W, Zhang X, Zhao F, Luo MH, Wang H, Li J, Tao W, Farzinpour Z, Wang L, Li X, Li J, Tang ZQ, Zhou C, Pan ZZ, Zhang Z. A Central Amygdala Input to the Parafascicular Nucleus Controls Comorbid Pain in Depression. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3847-3858.e5. [PMID: 31851918 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While comorbid pain in depression (CP) occurs at a high rate worldwide, the neural connections underlying the core symptoms of CP have yet to be elucidated. Here, we define a pathway whereby GABAergic neurons from the central nucleus of the amygdala (GABACeA) project to glutamatergic neurons in the parafascicular nucleus (GluPF). These GluPF neurons relay directly to neurons in the second somatosensory cortex (S2), a well-known area involved in pain signal processing. Enhanced inhibition of the GABACeA→GluPF→S2 pathway is found in mice exhibiting CP symptoms. Reversing this pathway using chemogenetic or optogenetic approaches alleviates CP symptoms. Together, the current study demonstrates the putative importance of the GABACeA→GluPF→S2 pathway in controlling at least some aspects of CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Wenjie Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Yan Jin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Haodi Tang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Peng Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Yu Mao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Psychology, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xulai Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Min-Hua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Jie Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Wenjuan Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China; Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Zahra Farzinpour
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Likui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Pain Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Xiangyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
| | - Zheng-Quan Tang
- Oregon Hearing Research Center and Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhizhong Z Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China.
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31
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Park E, Cha H, Kim E, Min YS, Kim AR, Lee HJ, Jung TD, Chang Y. Alterations in power spectral density in motor- and pain-related networks on neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury. Neuroimage Clin 2020; 28:102342. [PMID: 32798908 PMCID: PMC7453139 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms by which mobility function and neuropathic pain are mutually influenced by supraspinal plasticity in motor- and pain-related brain networks following spinal cord injury (SCI) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To determine cortical and subcortical resting-state network alterations using power spectral density (PSD) analysis and investigate the relationships between these intrinsic alterations and mobility function and neuropathic pain following SCI. METHODS A total of 41 patients with incomplete SCI and 33 healthy controls were included. The degree of mobility and balance function and severity of neuropathic pain and depressive mood were evaluated. The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of low-frequency fluctuations were analyzed based on PSD. Differences in PSD values between patients with SCI and controls were assessed using the two-sample t-test (false discovery rate-corrected P < 0.05). The relationship between PSD values and mobility function and pain intensity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient adjusted for the severity of depressive mood. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, lower PSD values in supplementary motor and medial prefrontal areas (the anterior cingulate cortex, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and superior orbito-prefrontal cortex) were associated with greater pain severity and poorer postural balance and mobility (P < 0.05) in patients with SCI, whereas higher PSD values in the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, thalamus, and periaqueductal gray were associated with greater pain severity and poorer postural balance and mobility (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cortical and subcortical plastic alterations in intrinsic motor- and pain-related networks were observed in patients with SCI and were simultaneously associated with neuropathic pain intensity and degree of mobility function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Park
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyunsil Cha
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunji Kim
- Department of Medical & Biological Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu-Sun Min
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ae Ryoung Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hui Joong Lee
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Du Jung
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongmin Chang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Korea
- Department of Radiology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Lau JC, Xiao Y, Haast RAM, Gilmore G, Uludağ K, MacDougall KW, Menon RS, Parrent AG, Peters TM, Khan AR. Direct visualization and characterization of the human zona incerta and surrounding structures. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:4500-4517. [PMID: 32677751 PMCID: PMC7555067 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The zona incerta (ZI) is a small gray matter region of the deep brain first identified in the 19th century, yet direct in vivo visualization and characterization has remained elusive. Noninvasive detection of the ZI and surrounding region could be critical to further our understanding of this widely connected but poorly understood deep brain region and could contribute to the development and optimization of neuromodulatory therapies. We demonstrate that high resolution (submillimetric) longitudinal (T1) relaxometry measurements at high magnetic field strength (7 T) can be used to delineate the ZI from surrounding white matter structures, specifically the fasciculus cerebellothalamicus, fields of Forel (fasciculus lenticularis, fasciculus thalamicus, and field H), and medial lemniscus. Using this approach, we successfully derived in vivo estimates of the size, shape, location, and tissue characteristics of substructures in the ZI region, confirming observations only previously possible through histological evaluation that this region is not just a space between structures but contains distinct morphological entities that should be considered separately. Our findings pave the way for increasingly detailed in vivo study and provide a structural foundation for precise functional and neuromodulatory investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Lau
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute Canada, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yiming Xiao
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute Canada, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roy A M Haast
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute Canada, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greydon Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kâmil Uludağ
- IBS Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, N Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.,Techna Institute and Koerner Scientist in MR Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith W MacDougall
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravi S Menon
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute Canada, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew G Parrent
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Terry M Peters
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute Canada, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute Canada, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Li Y, Cao T, Ritzel RM, He J, Faden AI, Wu J. Dementia, Depression, and Associated Brain Inflammatory Mechanisms after Spinal Cord Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061420. [PMID: 32521597 PMCID: PMC7349379 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the chronic effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) has long focused on sensorimotor deficits, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, loss of sexual function, and emotional distress. Although not well appreciated clinically, SCI can cause cognitive impairment including deficits in learning and memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed; it also commonly leads to depression. Recent large-scale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that patients with isolated SCI (without concurrent brain injury) are at a high risk of dementia associated with substantial cognitive impairments. Yet, little basic research has addressed potential mechanisms for cognitive impairment and depression after injury. In addition to contributing to disability in their own right, these changes can adversely affect rehabilitation and recovery and reduce quality of life. Here, we review clinical and experimental work on the complex and varied responses in the brain following SCI. We also discuss potential mechanisms responsible for these less well-examined, important SCI consequences. In addition, we outline the existing and developing therapeutic options aimed at reducing SCI-induced brain neuroinflammation and post-injury cognitive and emotional impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Tuoxin Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Rodney M. Ritzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Junyun He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
| | - Alan I. Faden
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Junfang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (STAR), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Y.L.); (T.C.); (R.M.R.); (J.H.); (A.I.F.)
- University of Maryland Center to Advance Chronic Pain Research, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-410-706-5189
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Incerta-thalamic Circuit Controls Nocifensive Behavior via Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptors. Neuron 2020; 107:538-551.e7. [PMID: 32502461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pain is a source of substantial discomfort. Abnormal activity in both the zona incerta (ZI) and posterior complex of the thalamus (Po) are implicated in neuropathic pain, but their exact roles remain unclear. In particular, the precise cell types and molecular mechanisms of the ZI-Po circuit that regulate nociception are largely uncharacterized. Here, we found that parvalbumin (PV)-positive neuronal projections from the ventral ZI (ZIv) to the Po (ZIv-Po) are critical for promoting nocifensive behaviors, whereas selectively inhibiting ZIv-Po activity reduces nocifensive withdrawal responses. Furthermore, cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) are expressed specifically at ZIv-Po axon terminals in this circuit, and cannabinoids attenuate nocifensive responses through presynaptic inhibition. Selective inhibition of the ZIv-Po circuit or administration of cannabinoids into the Po are sufficient to ameliorate pathological pain. These findings identify the critical role of the ZIv-Po circuit and its modulation by endocannabinoids in controlling nocifensive behaviors.
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Najafi P, Ben Salem D, Carré JL, Misery L, Dufor O. Functional and anatomical brain connectivity in psoriasis patients and healthy controls: a pilot brain imaging study after exposure to mentally induced itch. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2557-2565. [PMID: 32267024 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the prevalence of psoriasis, the processing of itch in psoriasis and its impact on the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We studied the influence of psoriasis on the CNS using magnetic resonance imaging techniques (fMRI and DTI, respectively) to investigate whether mentally induced itch can modify the functional connectivity or the white matter microstructure of the brain. METHODS Fourteen patients with chronic psoriasis and 15 healthy controls were recruited. Itch was mentally induced in subjects by videos showing others scratching themselves. RESULTS The observation of functional connectivity during the viewing the video revealed an interconnected network of brain regions that are more strongly coupled in psoriasis patients than in healthy controls. This network links the cerebellum, the thalami, the anteroposterior cingulum, the inferior parietal lobules, the middle temporal poles and the parahippocampal, hippocampal, lingual and supramarginal gyri. We also found connections with the right precuneus and both left insula and superior temporal gyrus. The DTI analysis showed that chronic itch affects the microstructure of white matter, including the anterior thalamic radiations, the superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculi, the corticospinal tracts, the cingulum, the external capsules, the inferior frontal-occipital fasciculi and both minor and major forceps. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there could exist a network which is more interconnected in psoriasis patients. Among two building blocks of this network, the subnetwork encoding the perception and control of itch sensation is more affected than the subnetwork representing mentalizing and empathy. With an approach consisting of measuring microstructural changes at a local level in the brain, we also contradict the findings obtained with global measures which stated that chronic psoriasis cannot alter the anatomy of the brain. This confirms that itchy pathophysiological conditions have similar effects on functional and structural connectivity as those observed in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D Ben Salem
- Univ Brest, LATIM, Brest, France.,University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - J-L Carré
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France.,University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - L Misery
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France.,University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - O Dufor
- Univ Brest, LIEN, Brest, France
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Song SY, Li Y, Zhai XM, Li YH, Bao CY, Shan CJ, Hong J, Cao JL, Zhang LC. Monosynaptic Input Mapping of Diencephalic Projections to the Cerebrospinal Fluid-Contacting Nucleus in the Rat. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:7. [PMID: 32180709 PMCID: PMC7059736 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the projections the cerebrospinal fluid-contacting (CSF-contacting) nucleus receives from the diencephalon and to speculate on the functional significance of these connections. Methods: The retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit (CB) was injected into the CSF-contacting nucleus in SD rats according to the experimental formula of the stereotaxic coordinates. Animals were perfused 7–10 days after the injection, and the diencephalon was sliced at 40 μm with a freezing microtome. CB-immunofluorescence was performed on all diencephalic sections. The features of CB-positive neuron distribution in the diencephalon were observed with a fluorescence microscope. Results: The retrograde labeled CB-positive neurons were found in the epithalamus, subthalamus, and hypothalamus. Three functional diencephalic areas including 43 sub-regions revealed projections to the CSF-contacting nucleus. The CB-positive neurons were distributed in different density ranges: sparse, moderate, and dense. Conclusion: Based on the connectivity patterns of the CSF-contacting nucleus that receives anatomical inputs from the diencephalon, we preliminarily assume that the CSF-contacting nucleus participates in homeostasis regulation, visceral activity, stress, emotion, pain and addiction, and sleeping and arousal. The present study firstly illustrates the broad projections of the CSF-contacting nucleus from the diencephalon, which implies the complicated functions of the nucleus especially for the unique roles of coordination in neural and body fluids regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhai
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue-Hao Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Yi Bao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Jing Shan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia Hong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Li-Cai Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Hiraga SI, Itokazu T, Hoshiko M, Takaya H, Nishibe M, Yamashita T. Microglial depletion under thalamic hemorrhage ameliorates mechanical allodynia and suppresses aberrant axonal sprouting. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131801. [PMID: 32051342 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Central poststroke pain (CPSP) is one of the neuropathic pain syndromes that can occur following stroke involving the somatosensory system. However, the underlying mechanism of CPSP remains largely unknown. Here, we established a CPSP mouse model by inducing a focal hemorrhage in the thalamic ventrobasal complex and confirmed the development of mechanical allodynia. In this model, microglial activation was observed in the somatosensory cortex, as well as in the injured thalamus. By using a CSF1 receptor inhibitor, we showed that microglial depletion effectively prevented allodynia development in our CPSP model. In the critical phase of allodynia development, c-fos-positive neurons increased in the somatosensory cortex, accompanied by ectopic axonal sprouting of the thalamocortical projection. Furthermore, microglial ablation attenuated both neuronal hyperactivity in the somatosensory cortex and circuit reorganization. These findings suggest that microglia play a crucial role in the development of CPSP pathophysiology by promoting sensory circuit reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hiraga
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Maki Hoshiko
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironobu Takaya
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mariko Nishibe
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Office of Strategic Innovative Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine.,Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Wang X, Chou XL, Zhang LI, Tao HW. Zona Incerta: An Integrative Node for Global Behavioral Modulation. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:82-87. [PMID: 31864676 PMCID: PMC7439563 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Zona incerta (ZI) is a largely inhibitory subthalamic region connecting with many brain areas. Early studies have suggested involvement of ZI in various functions such as visceral activities, arousal, attention, and locomotion, but the specific roles of different ZI subdomains or cell types have not been well examined. Recent studies combining optogenetics, behavioral assays, neural tracing, and neural activity-recording reveal novel functional roles of ZI depending on specific input-output connectivity patterns. Here, we review these studies and summarize functions of ZI into four categories: sensory integration, behavioral output control, motivational drive, and neural plasticity. In view of these new findings, we propose that ZI serves as an integrative node for global modulation of behaviors and physiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Chou
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huizhong Whit Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Cha M, Lee KH, Lee BH. Astroglial changes in the zona incerta in response to motor cortex stimulation in a rat model of chronic neuropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:943. [PMID: 31969638 PMCID: PMC6976635 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although astrocytes are known to regulate synaptic transmission and affect new memory formation by influencing long-term potentiation and functional synaptic plasticity, their role in pain modulation is poorly understood. Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) has been used to reduce neuropathic pain through the incertothalamic pathway, including the primary motor cortex (M1) and the zona incerta (ZI). However, there has been no in-depth study of these modulatory effects and region-specific changes in neural plasticity. In this study, we investigated the effects of MCS-induced pain modulation as well as the relationship between the ZI neuroplasticity and MCS-induced pain alleviation in neuropathic pain (NP). MCS-induced threshold changes were evaluated after daily MCS. Then, the morphological changes of glial cells were compared by tissue staining. In order to quantify the neuroplasticity, MAP2, PSD95, and synapsin in the ZI and M1 were measured and analyzed with western blot. In behavioral test, repetitive MCS reduced NP in nerve-injured rats. We also observed recovered GFAP expression in the NP with MCS rats. In the NP with sham MCS rats, increased CD68 level was observed. In the NP with MCS group, increased mGluR1 expression was observed. Analysis of synaptogenesis-related molecules in the M1 and ZI revealed that synaptic changes occured in the M1, and increased astrocytes in the ZI were more closely associated with pain alleviation after MCS. Our findings suggest that MCS may modulate the astrocyte activities in the ZI and synaptic changes in the M1. Our results may provide new insight into the important and numerous roles of astrocytes in the formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeounghoon Cha
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Division of Health Science, Dongseo University, Busan, 47011, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae Hwan Lee
- Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Brain Research Institute, Epilepsy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Goel SA, Varghese V, Demir T. Animal models of spinal injury for studying back pain and SCI. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2020; 11:816-821. [PMID: 32904094 PMCID: PMC7452356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Back pain is a common ailment affecting individuals around the globe. Animal models to understand the back pain mechanism, treatment modalities, and spinal cord injury are widely researched topics worldwide. Despite the presence of several animal models on disc degeneration and Spinal Cord Injury, there is a lack of a comprehensive review. MATERIAL AND METHOD A methodological narrative literature review was carried out for the study. A total of 1273 publications were found, out of which 763 were related to spine surgery in animals. The literature with full-text availability was selected for the review. Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guidelines was used to assess the studies. Only English language publications were included which were listed on PubMed. A total of 113 studies were shortlisted (1976-2019) after internal validation scoring. RESULT The animal models for spine surgery ranged from rodents to primates. These are used to study the mechanisms of back pain as well as spinal cord injuries. The models could either be created surgically or through various means like use of electric cautery, chemicals or trauma. Genetic spine models have also been documented in which the injuries are created by genetic alterations and knock outs. Though the dorsal approach is the most common, the literature also mentions the anterior and lateral approach for spine surgery animal experiments. CONCLUSION There are no single perfect animal models to represent and study human models. The selection is based on the application and the methodology. Careful selection is needed to give optimum and appropriate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakti A. Goel
- Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Vicky Varghese
- TOBB Economics, and Technology University Mechanical Engineering Department.Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tyfik Demir
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, WI, USA
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41
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Slow-wave activity homeostasis in the somatosensory cortex after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2019; 322:113035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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42
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Chon U, Vanselow DJ, Cheng KC, Kim Y. Enhanced and unified anatomical labeling for a common mouse brain atlas. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5067. [PMID: 31699990 PMCID: PMC6838086 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anatomical atlases in standard coordinates are necessary for the interpretation and integration of research findings in a common spatial context. However, the two most-used mouse brain atlases, the Franklin-Paxinos (FP) and the common coordinate framework (CCF) from the Allen Institute for Brain Science, have accumulated inconsistencies in anatomical delineations and nomenclature, creating confusion among neuroscientists. To overcome these issues, we adopt here the FP labels into the CCF to merge the labels in the single atlas framework. We use cell type-specific transgenic mice and an MRI atlas to adjust and further segment our labels. Moreover, detailed segmentations are added to the dorsal striatum using cortico-striatal connectivity data. Lastly, we digitize our anatomical labels based on the Allen ontology, create a web-interface for visualization, and provide tools for comprehensive comparisons between the CCF and FP labels. Our open-source labels signify a key step towards a unified mouse brain atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uree Chon
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Daniel J Vanselow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Keith C Cheng
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Uddin O, Studlack PE, Parihar S, Keledjian K, Cruz A, Farooq T, Shin N, Gerzanich V, Simard JM, Keller A. Chronic pain after blast-induced traumatic brain injury in awake rats. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2019; 6:100030. [PMID: 31223145 PMCID: PMC6565615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2019.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Explosive blast-induced traumatic brain injury (blast-TBI) in military personnel is a leading cause of injury and persistent neurological abnormalities, including chronic pain. We previously demonstrated that chronic pain after spinal cord injury results from central sensitization in the posterior thalamus (PO). The presence of persistent headaches and back pain in veterans with blast-TBI suggests a similar involvement of thalamic sensitization. Here, we tested the hypothesis that pain after blast-TBI is associated with abnormal increases in activity of neurons in PO thalamus. We developed a novel model with two unique features: (1) blast-TBI was performed in awake, un-anesthetized rats, to simulate the human experience and to eliminate confounds of anesthesia and surgery inherent in other models; (2) only the cranium, rather than the entire body, was exposed to a collimated blast wave, with the blast wave striking the posterior cranium in the region of the occipital crest and foramen magnum. Three weeks after blast-TBI, rats developed persistent, ongoing spontaneous pain. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant differences in the activity of PO neurons, or of neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. There were also no significant changes in gliosis in either of these structures. This novel model will allow future studies on the pathophysiology of chronic pain after blast-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Uddin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paige E. Studlack
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Saitu Parihar
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kaspar Keledjian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St, MSTF 634B, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexis Cruz
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tayyiaba Farooq
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Naomi Shin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St, MSTF 634B, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St, MSTF 634B, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St, MSTF, Room 634B, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S Pine St, MSTF, Room 634B, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Asaf Keller
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology and Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-II S251, Baltimore, MD, USA
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44
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Zhang W, Bruno RM. High-order thalamic inputs to primary somatosensory cortex are stronger and longer lasting than cortical inputs. eLife 2019; 8:44158. [PMID: 30741160 PMCID: PMC6370338 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) are sparsely active, spontaneously and during sensory stimulation. Long-range inputs from higher areas may gate L2/3 activity. We investigated their in vivo impact by expressing channelrhodopsin in three main sources of feedback to rat S1: primary motor cortex, secondary somatosensory cortex, and secondary somatosensory thalamic nucleus (the posterior medial nucleus, POm). Inputs from cortical areas were relatively weak. POm, however, more robustly depolarized L2/3 cells and, when paired with peripheral stimulation, evoked action potentials. POm triggered not only a stronger fast-onset depolarization but also a delayed all-or-none persistent depolarization, lasting up to 1 s and exhibiting alpha/beta-range oscillations. Inactivating POm somata abolished persistent but not initial depolarization, indicating a recurrent circuit mechanism. We conclude that secondary thalamus can enhance L2/3 responsiveness over long periods. Such timescales could provide a potential modality-specific substrate for attention, working memory, and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, United States.,Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, United States
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45
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Filipp ME, Travis BJ, Henry SS, Idzikowski EC, Magnuson SA, Loh MY, Hellenbrand DJ, Hanna AS. Differences in neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury in varying animal models and humans. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:7-19. [PMID: 30531063 PMCID: PMC6263009 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rats have been the primary model to study the process and underlying mechanisms of recovery after spinal cord injury. Two weeks after a severe spinal cord contusion, rats can regain weight-bearing abilities without therapeutic interventions, as assessed by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor scale. However, many human patients suffer from permanent loss of motor function following spinal cord injury. While rats are the most understood animal model, major differences in sensorimotor pathways between quadrupeds and bipeds need to be considered. Understanding the major differences between the sensorimotor pathways of rats, non-human primates, and humans is a start to improving targets for treatments of human spinal cord injury. This review will discuss the neuroplasticity of the brain and spinal cord after spinal cord injury in rats, non-human primates, and humans. A brief overview of emerging interventions to induce plasticity in humans with spinal cord injury will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory E Filipp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Benjamin J Travis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stefanie S Henry
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emma C Idzikowski
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah A Magnuson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan Yf Loh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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46
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Juárez I, Morales-Medina JC, Flores-Tochihuitl J, Juárez GS, Flores G, Oseki HC. Tooth pulp injury induces sex-dependent neuronal reshaping in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the rat thalamus. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 96:16-21. [PMID: 30391473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial injuries often result in persistent pain and are therefore considered a common health problem worldwide. Considerable evidence suggests that peripheral sensory nerve injury results in diverse plastic changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Tooth pulp is innervated by trigeminal afferents which extend to the trigeminal brainstem sensory nuclear complex and send input to higher level neurons in the CNS, including the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL). In the present study, we examined the long term effects of pulpal injury on neuronal arborization in the VPL using morphological analysis via Golgi-Cox staining. In addition, we examined these effects in both male and female rats due to the major prevalence of oral pain in women. Quantitative morphological analysis revealed that pulpal injury induced neuronal hypertrophy in VPL neurons of female rats. In clear contrast, pulpal injury increased arborization close to the soma and reduced arborization distal to the soma without modification of total dendritic length in male rats. As a result, we show, for the first time, sex-dependent morphological alterations in VPL neurons after orofacial peripheral injury. Since dental injuries are readily reproducible in rat dental molars and closely mimic the clinical setting in humans, this model represents a useful tool to further understand mechanisms of orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Julio César Morales-Medina
- Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Animal, CINVESTAV-Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, AP 62, 90000, Mexico
| | - Julia Flores-Tochihuitl
- Laboratorio Multidisciplinario, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Gamaliel Santiago Juárez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Flores
- Laboratorio Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
| | - Hortencia Chávez Oseki
- Laboratorio de Fisiología, Facultad de Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico.
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47
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Studlack PE, Keledjian K, Farooq T, Akintola T, Gerzanich V, Simard JM, Keller A. Blast-induced brain injury in rats leads to transient vestibulomotor deficits and persistent orofacial pain. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1866-1878. [PMID: 30346868 PMCID: PMC6381394 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1536282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (blast-TBI) is associated with vestibulomotor dysfunction, persistent post-traumatic headaches and post-traumatic stress disorder, requiring extensive treatments and reducing quality-of-life. Treatment and prevention of these devastating outcomes require an understanding of their underlying pathophysiology through studies that take advantage of animal models. Here, we report that cranium-directed blast-TBI in rats results in signs of pain that last at least 8 weeks after injury. These occur without significantly elevated behavioural markers of anxiety-like conditions and are not associated with glial up-regulation in sensory thalamic nuclei. These injuries also produce transient vestibulomotor abnormalities that resolve within 3 weeks of injury. Thus, blast-TBI in rats recapitulates aspects of the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Studlack
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., HSFII S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kaspar Keledjian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., MSTF 634B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Tayyiaba Farooq
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., HSFII S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Titilola Akintola
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., HSFII S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Volodymyr Gerzanich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., MSTF 634B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - J. Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St., MSTF 634B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Asaf Keller
- Program in Neuroscience and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St., HSFII S251, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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48
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Acute and Chronic Pain Processing in the Thalamocortical System of Humans and Animal Models. Neuroscience 2018; 387:58-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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49
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Shiao R, Lee-Kubli CA. Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury: Challenges and Research Perspectives. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:635-653. [PMID: 29736857 PMCID: PMC6095789 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0633-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a debilitating consequence of spinal cord injury (SCI) that remains difficult to treat because underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In part, this is due to limitations of evaluating neuropathic pain in animal models in general, and SCI rodents in particular. Though pain in patients is primarily spontaneous, with relatively few patients experiencing evoked pains, animal models of SCI pain have primarily relied upon evoked withdrawals. Greater use of operant tasks for evaluation of the affective dimension of pain in rodents is needed, but these tests have their own limitations such that additional studies of the relationship between evoked withdrawals and operant outcomes are recommended. In preclinical SCI models, enhanced reflex withdrawal or pain responses can arise from pathological changes that occur at any point along the sensory neuraxis. Use of quantitative sensory testing for identification of optimal treatment approach may yield improved identification of treatment options and clinical trial design. Additionally, a better understanding of the differences between mechanisms contributing to at- versus below-level neuropathic pain and neuropathic pain versus spasticity may shed insights into novel treatment options. Finally, the role of patient characteristics such as age and sex in pathogenesis of neuropathic SCI pain remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Shiao
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines, La Jolla, California, 92073, USA
| | - Corinne A Lee-Kubli
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines, La Jolla, California, 92073, USA.
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50
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Brennan KC, Pietrobon D. A Systems Neuroscience Approach to Migraine. Neuron 2018; 97:1004-1021. [PMID: 29518355 PMCID: PMC6402597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Migraine is an extremely common but poorly understood nervous system disorder. We conceptualize migraine as a disorder of sensory network gain and plasticity, and we propose that this framing makes it amenable to the tools of current systems neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Brennan
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, 383 Colorow Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
| | - Daniela Pietrobon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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