1
|
Tabish TA, Hussain MZ, Zervou S, Myers WK, Tu W, Xu J, Beer I, Huang WE, Chandrawati R, Crabtree MJ, Winyard PG, Lygate CA. S-nitrosocysteamine-functionalised porous graphene oxide nanosheets as nitric oxide delivery vehicles for cardiovascular applications. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103144. [PMID: 38613920 PMCID: PMC11026843 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signalling molecule released by vascular endothelial cells that is essential for vascular health. Low NO bioactivity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure and NO donors are a mainstay of drug treatment. However, many NO donors are associated with the development of tolerance and adverse effects, so new formulations for controlled and targeted release of NO would be advantageous. Herein, we describe the design and characterisation of a novel NO delivery system via the reaction of acidified sodium nitrite with thiol groups that had been introduced by cysteamine conjugation to porous graphene oxide nanosheets, thereby generating S-nitrosated nanosheets. An NO electrode, ozone-based chemiluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to measure NO released from various graphene formulations, which was sustained at >5 × 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 for at least 3 h, compared with healthy endothelium (cf. 0.5-4 × 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1). Single cell Raman micro-spectroscopy showed that vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) took up graphene nanostructures, with intracellular NO release detected via a fluorescent NO-specific probe. Functionalised graphene had a dose-dependent effect to promote proliferation in endothelial cells and to inhibit growth in SMCs, which was associated with cGMP release indicating intracellular activation of canonical NO signalling. Chemiluminescence detected negligible production of toxic N-nitrosamines. Our findings demonstrate the utility of porous graphene oxide as a NO delivery vehicle to release physiologically relevant amounts of NO in vitro, thereby highlighting the potential of these formulations as a strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer A Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom.
| | - Mian Zahid Hussain
- School of Natural Sciences and Catalysis Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sevasti Zervou
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - William K Myers
- Centre for Advanced Electron Spin Resonance (CAESR), Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Weiming Tu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jiabao Xu
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom; James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Beer
- Institute of Water Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Wei E Huang
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rona Chandrawati
- School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Centre for Nanomedicine (ACN), The University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Mark J Crabtree
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Paul G Winyard
- University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, United Kingdom
| | - Craig A Lygate
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chiu L, Agrawal V, Armstrong D, Brittain E, Collins S, Hemnes AR, Hill JA, Lindenfeld J, Shah SJ, Stevenson LW, Wang TJ, Gupta DK. Correlates of Plasma NT-proBNP/Cyclic GMP Ratio in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the RELAX Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031796. [PMID: 38533961 PMCID: PMC11179778 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterases degrade cyclic GMP (cGMP), the second messenger that mediates the cardioprotective effects of natriuretic peptides. High natriuretic peptide/cGMP ratio may reflect, in part, phosphodiesterase activity. Correlates of natriuretic peptide/cGMP in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction are not well understood. Among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the RELAX (Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction) trial, we examined (1) cross-sectional correlates of circulating NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide)/cGMP ratio, (2) whether selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition by sildenafil changed the ratio, and (3) whether the effect of sildenafil on 24-week outcomes varied by baseline ratio. METHODS AND RESULTS In 212 subjects, NT-proBNP/cGMP ratio was calculated at randomization and 24 weeks. Correlates of the ratio and its change were examined in multivariable proportional odds models. Whether baseline ratio modified the sildenafil effect on outcomes was examined by interaction terms. Higher NT-proBNP/cGMP ratio was associated with greater left ventricular mass and troponin, the presence of atrial fibrillation, and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and peak oxygen consumption. Compared with placebo, sildenafil did not alter the ratio from baseline to 24 weeks (P=0.17). The effect of sildenafil on 24-week change in peak oxygen consumption, left ventricular mass, or clinical composite outcome was not modified by baseline NT-proBNP/cGMP ratio (P-interaction >0.30 for all). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, higher NT-proBNP/cGMP ratio associated with an adverse cardiorenal phenotype, which was not improved by selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition. Other phosphodiesterases may be greater contributors than phosphodiesterase-5 to the adverse phenotype associated with a high natriuretic peptide/cGMP ratio in HFpEF. REGISTRATION INFORMATION clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00763867.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Chiu
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - David Armstrong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Sheila Collins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Anna R. Hemnes
- Division of Pulmonary MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Joseph A. Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology)University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of Molecular BiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - JoAnn Lindenfeld
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Sanjiv J. Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Bluhm Cardiovascular InstituteNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Lynne W. Stevenson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Thomas J. Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology)University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Deepak K. Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ovchinnikov A, Potekhina A, Belyavskiy E, Ageev F. Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Pulmonary Hypertension: Focus on Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081024. [PMID: 36015172 PMCID: PMC9414416 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is common in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). A chronic increase in mean left atrial pressure leads to passive remodeling in pulmonary veins and capillaries and modest PH (isolated postcapillary PH, Ipc-PH) and is not associated with significant right ventricular dysfunction. In approximately 20% of patients with HFpEF, "precapillary" alterations of pulmonary vasculature occur with the development of the combined pre- and post-capillary PH (Cpc-PH), pertaining to a poor prognosis. Current data indicate that pulmonary vasculopathy may be at least partially reversible and thus serves as a therapeutic target in HFpEF. Pulmonary vascular targeted therapies, including phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, may have a valuable role in the management of patients with PH-HFpEF. In studies of Cpc-PH and HFpEF, PDE type 5 inhibitors were effective in long-term follow-up, decreasing pulmonary artery pressure and improving RV contractility, whereas studies of Ipc-PH did not show any benefit. Randomized trials are essential to elucidate the actual value of PDE inhibition in selected patients with PH-HFpEF, especially in those with invasively confirmed Cpc-PH who are most likely to benefit from such treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem Ovchinnikov
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 3-d Cherepkovskaya St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Clinical Functional Diagnostics, A.I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Delegatskaya St., 20, p. 1, 127473 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-414-66-12 or +7-(916)-505-79-58; Fax: +7-(495)-414-66-12
| | - Alexandra Potekhina
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 3-d Cherepkovskaya St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Belyavskiy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow Klinikum, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fail Ageev
- Out-Patient Department, Institute of Clinical Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology Named after Academician E.I. Chazov, 3-d Cherepkovskaya St., 15a, 121552 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The sGC-cGMP Signaling Pathway as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure: A Narrative Review. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2022; 22:117-125. [PMID: 34151411 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-021-00487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The anti-cancer agent doxorubicin (DOX) has high cardiotoxicity that is linked to DOX-mediated increase in oxidative stress, mitochondrial iron overload, DNA damage, autophagy, necrosis, and apoptosis, all of which are also associated with secondary tumorigenicity. This limits the clinical application of DOX therapies. Previous studies have attributed DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity to mitochondrial iron accumulation and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which seem to be independent of its anti-tumor DNA damaging effects. Chemo-sensitization of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway induces tumor cell death despite the cardiotoxicity associated with DOX treatment. However, sGC-cGMP signaling must be activated during heart failure to facilitate myocardial cell survival. The sGC pathway is dependent on nitric oxide and signal transduction via the nitric oxide-sGC-cGMP pathway and is attenuated in various cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, cGMP signaling is regulated by the action of certain phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that protect the heart by inhibiting PDE, an enzyme that hydrolyses cGMP to GMP activity. In this review, we discuss the studies describing the interactions between cGMP regulation and DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity and their application in improving DOX therapeutic outcomes. The results provide novel avenues for the reduction of DOX-induced secondary tumorigenicity and improve cellular autonomy during DOX-mediated cardiotoxicity.
Collapse
|
5
|
Gu M, Zhou X, Zhu L, Gao Y, Gao L, Bai C, Yang L, Li G. Myostatin Mutation Promotes Glycolysis by Increasing Phosphorylation of Phosphofructokinase via Activation of PDE5A-cGMP-PKG in Cattle Heart. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:774185. [PMID: 35155444 PMCID: PMC8831326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.774185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is a primary negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass and causes multiple metabolic changes. However, whether MSTN mutation affects heart morphology and physiology remains unclear. Myostatin mutation (MT) had no effect on cattle cardiac muscle in histological examination, but in biochemical assays, glycolysis increased in cattle hearts with MT. Compared with wild-type cattle, there were no differences in mRNA and protein levels of rate-limiting enzymes, but phosphofructokinase (PFK) phosphorylation increased in cattle hearts with MT. Transcriptome analysis showed that phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A), a target for inhibiting cGMP-PKG signaling, was downregulated. For the mechanism, chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR showed that the SMAD2/SMAD3 complex in the canonical downstream pathway for MSTN combined with the promoter of PDE5A. The cGMP-PKG pathway was activated, and PKG increased phosphorylation of PFK in cattle hearts with MT. In addition, activation of PKG and the increase in PFK phosphorylation promoted glycolysis. Knockdown of PKG resulted in the opposite phenomena. The results indicated that MT potentiated PFK phosphorylation via the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway and thereby promoted glycolysis in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingjuan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yajie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li Gao
- Baotou Teachers’ College, Baotou, China
| | - Chunling Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang, ; Guangpeng Li,
| | - Guangpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Yang, ; Guangpeng Li,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kwiatkowski M, Wong A, Kozakiewicz-Piekarz A, Gehring C, Jaworski K. In Search of Monocot Phosphodiesterases: Identification of a Calmodulin Stimulated Phosphodiesterase from Brachypodium distachyon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179654. [PMID: 34502563 PMCID: PMC8431786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, rapid and reversible biological responses to environmental cues may require complex cellular reprograming. This is enabled by signaling molecules such as the cyclic nucleotide monophosphates (cNMPs) cAMP and cGMP, as well as Ca2+. While the roles and synthesis of cAMP and cGMP in plants are increasingly well-characterized, the “off signal” afforded by cNMP-degrading enzymes, the phosphodiesterases (PDEs), is, however, poorly understood, particularly so in monocots. Here, we identified a candidate PDE from the monocot Brachypodium distachyon (BDPDE1) and showed that it can hydrolyze cNMPs to 5′NMPs but with a preference for cAMP over cGMP in vitro. Notably, the PDE activity was significantly enhanced by Ca2+ only in the presence of calmodulin (CaM), which interacts with BDPDE1, most likely at a predicted CaM-binding site. Finally, based on our biochemical, mutagenesis and structural analyses, we constructed a comprehensive amino acid consensus sequence extracted from the catalytic centers of annotated and/or experimentally validated PDEs across species to enable a broad application of this search motif for the identification of similar active sites in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kwiatkowski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-56-611-44-56; Fax: +48-56-61-14-772
| | - Aloysius Wong
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, 88 Daxue Road, Ouhai, Wenzhou 325060, China;
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, China
| | - Anna Kozakiewicz-Piekarz
- Department of Biomedical and Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina St. 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Christoph Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX giugno, 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Krzysztof Jaworski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska St. 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anand Ganapathy A, Hari Priya VM, Kumaran A. Medicinal plants as a potential source of Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113536. [PMID: 33137431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence and distress caused by erectile dysfunction (ED) to both male and female partners are increasing at a steady rate. ED has now become the most treated sexual disorder for men among young and old age groups due to varying physical and psychological factors. The treatment with synthetic Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are cost-effective but due to adverse effects such as priapism, loss of vision, heart attack and syncope, the daily life patterns of these patients are distressed and hence the need for alternative medicaments or sources are of utmost important. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants as PDE5 inhibitors will be worthwhile in tackling the problems as many plant extracts and fractions have been long used as aphrodisiacs and sexual stimulants which may be found to be active against PDE5 enzyme. AIM OF THE STUDY To provide a review on the different medicinal herbs traditionally used as natural aphrodisiacs, libido or sexual enhancers which are proven for their PDE5 inhibitory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical and scientific information was procured, reviewed and compiled from the literature search of electronic databases and search engines. RESULTS A total of 97 medicinal plants exhibiting PDE5 inhibitory effect are reviewed in this paper which is supported by preclinical experimental evidence. Among them, 77 plants have been selected according to their traditional and ethnobotanical uses as aphrodisiacs and the rest are screened according to their effectiveness against predisposing factors responsible for ED and sexual dysfunction such as diabetes and hypertension or due to the presence of phytochemicals having structural similarity towards the identified natural PDE5 inhibitors. In addition, sixteen alkaloids, sixty-one phenolics and eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been isolated or identified from active extracts or fractions that are exhibiting PDE5 inhibitory activity. Among them, isoflavones and biflavones are the major active constituents responsible for action, where the presence of prenyl group for isoflavones; and the methoxy group at C-5 position of flavones are considered essential for the inhibitory effect. However, the prenylated flavonol glycoside, Icariin and Icariside II isolated from Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (hory goat weed) are the most effective inhibitor, till date from natural sources. Traditional medicines or formulations containing extracts of Ginkgo biloba L., Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex Baker, Clerodendrum colebrookianum Walp., Eurycoma longifolia Jack and Vitis vinifera L. are also found to be inhibitors of PDE5 enzyme. CONCLUSION The review suggests and supports the rational use of traditional medicines that can be further studied for the development of potential PDE5 inhibitors. Many traditional medicines are still used in various regions of Africa, Asia and South America that are poorly characterized and experimented. Despite the availability of a vast majority of traditional formulations as aphrodisiacs or sexual stimulants, there exists a need for systemic evaluation on the efficacy as well as the mechanism of action of the herbal constituents for the identification of novel chemical moieties that can be further developed for maximum efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Anand Ganapathy
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - V M Hari Priya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Alaganandam Kumaran
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wen JJ, Cummins C, Radhakrishnan RS. Sildenafil Recovers Burn-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2020. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/cells9061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe burn injury initiates a feedback cycle of inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and cardiac mitochondrial damage via the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway. Aim: To test if the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway may contribute to burn-induced heart dysfunction. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided four groups: sham; sham/sildenafil; 24 h post burn (60% total body surface area scald burn, harvested at 24 h post burn); and 24 h post burn/sildenafil. We monitored heart function and oxidative adducts, as well as cardiac inflammatory, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling responses in vivo. Results: Sildenafil inhibited the burn-induced PDE5A mRNA level and increased the cGMP level and PKG activity, leading to the normalization of PKG down-regulated genes (IRAG, PLB, RGS2, RhoA and MYTP), a decreased ROS level (H2O2), decreased oxidatively modified adducts (malonyldialdehyde [MDA], carbonyls), attenuated fibrogenesis as well as fibrosis gene expression (ANP, BNP, COL1A2, COL3A2, αSMA and αsk-Actin), and reduced inflammation and related gene expression (RELA, IL-18 and TGF-β) after the burn. Additionally, sildenafil treatment preserved left ventricular heart function (CO, EF, SV, LVvol at systolic, LVPW at diastolic and FS) and recovered the oxidant/antioxidant balance (total antioxidant, total SOD activity and Cu,ZnSOD activity). Conclusions: The PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway mediates burn-induced heart dysfunction. Sildenafil treatment recovers burn-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
|
9
|
Sildenafil Recovers Burn-Induced Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061393. [PMID: 32503314 PMCID: PMC7349507 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Severe burn injury initiates a feedback cycle of inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress and cardiac mitochondrial damage via the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway. Aim: To test if the PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway may contribute to burn-induced heart dysfunction. Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were divided four groups: sham; sham/sildenafil; 24 h post burn (60% total body surface area scald burn, harvested at 24 h post burn); and 24 h post burn/sildenafil. We monitored heart function and oxidative adducts, as well as cardiac inflammatory, cardiac fibrosis and cardiac remodeling responses in vivo. Results: Sildenafil inhibited the burn-induced PDE5A mRNA level and increased the cGMP level and PKG activity, leading to the normalization of PKG down-regulated genes (IRAG, PLB, RGS2, RhoA and MYTP), a decreased ROS level (H2O2), decreased oxidatively modified adducts (malonyldialdehyde [MDA], carbonyls), attenuated fibrogenesis as well as fibrosis gene expression (ANP, BNP, COL1A2, COL3A2, αSMA and αsk-Actin), and reduced inflammation and related gene expression (RELA, IL-18 and TGF-β) after the burn. Additionally, sildenafil treatment preserved left ventricular heart function (CO, EF, SV, LVvol at systolic, LVPW at diastolic and FS) and recovered the oxidant/antioxidant balance (total antioxidant, total SOD activity and Cu,ZnSOD activity). Conclusions: The PDE5A-cGMP-PKG pathway mediates burn-induced heart dysfunction. Sildenafil treatment recovers burn-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Collapse
|
10
|
Banovic M, Bojanic M, Nikolic SD. Perspectives in the Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: From Drugs to Devices. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:266-271. [DOI: 10.2174/156802662004200304124916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Banovic
- Belgrade Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Bojanic
- Belgrade Medical School, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wan X, Belanger K, Widen SG, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Garg NJ. Genes of the cGMP-PKG-Ca 2+ signaling pathway are alternatively spliced in cardiomyopathy: Role of RBFOX2. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165620. [PMID: 31778749 PMCID: PMC6954967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aberrations in the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway are implicated in cardiovascular complications of diverse etiologies, though involved molecular mechanisms are not understood. We performed RNA-Seq analysis to profile global changes in gene expression and exon splicing in Chagas disease (ChD) murine myocardium. Ingenuity-Pathway-Analysis of transcriptome dataset identified 26 differentially expressed genes associated with increased mobilization and cellular levels of Ca2+ in ChD hearts. Mixture-of-isoforms and Enrichr KEGG pathway analyses of the RNA-Seq datasets from ChD (this study) and diabetic (previous study) murine hearts identified alternative splicing (AS) in eleven genes (Arhgef10, Atp2b1, Atp2a3, Cacna1c, Itpr1, Mef2a, Mef2d, Pde2a, Plcb1, Plcb4, and Ppp1r12a) of the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway in diseased hearts. AS of these genes was validated by an exon exclusion-inclusion assay. Further, Arhgef10, Atp2b1, Mef2a, Mef2d, Plcb1, and Ppp1r12a genes consisted RBFOX2 (RNA-binding protein) binding-site clusters, determined by analyzing the RBFOX2 CLIP-Seq dataset. H9c2 rat heart cells transfected with Rbfox2 (vs. scrambled) siRNA confirmed that expression of Rbfox2 is essential for proper exon splicing of genes of the cGMP-PKG-Ca2+ pathway. We conclude that changes in gene expression may influence the Ca2+ mobilization pathway in ChD, and AS impacts the genes involved in cGMP/PKG/Ca2+ signaling pathway in ChD and diabetes. Our findings suggest that ChD patients with diabetes may be at increased risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure and provide novel ways to restore cGMP-PKG regulated signaling networks via correcting splicing patterns of key factors using oligonucleotide-based therapies for the treatment of cardiovascular complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Wan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-1070, TX, United States of America
| | - KarryAnne Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America.
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555-1070, TX, United States of America; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 77555, TX, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
cGMP signalling in cardiomyocyte microdomains. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1327-1339. [PMID: 31652306 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3',5'-Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is one of the major second messengers critically involved in the regulation of cardiac electrophysiology, hypertrophy, and contractility. Recent molecular and cellular studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the cGMP signalling cascade, its local microdomain-specific regulation and its role in protecting the heart from pathological stress. Here, we summarise recent findings on cardiac cGMP microdomain regulation and discuss their potential clinical significance.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Knight W, Chen S, Mohan A, Yan C. Multiprotein Complex With TRPC (Transient Receptor Potential-Canonical) Channel, PDE1C (Phosphodiesterase 1C), and A2R (Adenosine A2 Receptor) Plays a Critical Role in Regulating Cardiomyocyte cAMP and Survival. Circulation 2019; 138:1988-2002. [PMID: 29871977 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND cAMP plays a critical role in regulating cardiomyocyte survival. Various cAMP signaling pathways behave distinctly or in opposition. We have previously reported that activation of cAMP hydrolysis by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) promotes cardiomyocytes death/apoptosis, yet the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify the specific cAMP signaling pathway modulated by PDE1C and determine the mechanism by which Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated PDE1C is activated. METHODS To study cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis, we used both isolated mouse adult cardiomyocytes in vitro and doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. We used a variety of pharmacological activators and inhibitors as well as genetically engineered molecular tools to manipulate the expression and activity of proteins of interest. RESULTS We found that the protective effect of PDE1C inhibition/deficiency on Ang II or doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis is dependent on cAMP-generating adenosine A2 receptors (A2Rs), suggesting that PDE1C's cAMP-hydrolyzing activity selectively modulates A2R-cAMP signaling in cardiomyocytes. In addition, we found that the effects of PDE1C activation on Ang II-mediated cAMP reduction and cardiomyocyte death are dependent on transient receptor potential-canonical (TRPC) channels, in particular TRPC3. We also observed synergistic protective effects on cardiomyocyte survival from the combination of A2R stimulation together with PDE1 or TRPC inhibition. Coimmunostaining and coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that PDE1C is localized in proximity with A2R and TRPC3 in the plasma membrane and perhaps T tubules. It is important to note that we found that doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity and dysfunction in mice are attenuated by the PDE1 inhibitor IC86340 or in PDE1C knockout mice, and this protective effect is significantly diminished by A2R antagonism. CONCLUSIONS We have characterized a novel multiprotein complex comprised of A2R, PDE1C, and TRPC3, in which PDE1C is activated by TRPC3-derived Ca2+, thereby antagonizing A2R-cAMP signaling and promoting cardiomyocyte death/apoptosis. Targeting these molecules individually or in combination may represent a compelling therapeutic strategy for potentiating cardiomyocyte survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yishuai Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., W.K., S.C., A.M., C.Y.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Walter Knight
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., W.K., S.C., A.M., C.Y.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (W.K., S.C.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Si Chen
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., W.K., S.C., A.M., C.Y.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (W.K., S.C.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Amy Mohan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., W.K., S.C., A.M., C.Y.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Y.Z., W.K., S.C., A.M., C.Y.), University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sakai T, Miura S. Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor on Vascular Endothelial and Diastolic Function in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction - Novel Prospective Cohort Study. Circ Rep 2019; 1:286-295. [PMID: 33693152 PMCID: PMC7892484 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-19-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) may involve endothelial dysfunction and abnormal vascular structure. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have beneficial cardiovascular effects and may improve vascular function in patients with HFpEF. Methods and Results: We recruited 184 patients with type 2 diabetes and HFpEF (mean age, 66.0±14.4 years) who were scheduled for treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors, had transthoracic echocardiogram to identify diastolic function, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) to evaluate endothelial function, and assessed cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and carotid intima-media thickness as indices of vascular function and vascular structure, respectively. Body weight, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, and insulin resistance (IR) decreased, hematocrit and FMD increased significantly, and CAVI decreased significantly, after 12-week treatment (P<0.05). Short-term SGLT2 inhibitors improved diastolic function, significantly reducing the mitral ratios of septal E/early septal annular tissue Doppler velocity (P=0.003) and lateral E/early lateral e' (P=0.044). On multiple regression statistically significant associations were seen between ∆mean E/e' and ∆FMD, ∆CAVI, and ∆IR. Conclusions: SGLT2 inhibitors can improve diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that current treatment policies for diabetes should be re-examined. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes could provide mechanistic insights into the benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Sakai
- Department of Cardiology, Ichijyukai NISHIO Hospital Fukuoka Japan.,Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| | - Shinichiro Miura
- Department of Cardiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Maneesai P, Bunbupha S, Potue P, Berkban T, Kukongviriyapan U, Kukongviriyapan V, Prachaney P, Pakdeechote P. Hesperidin Prevents Nitric Oxide Deficiency-Induced Cardiovascular Remodeling in Rats via Suppressing TGF-β1 and MMPs Protein Expression. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1549. [PMID: 30347737 PMCID: PMC6213402 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin is a major flavonoid isolated from citrus fruits that exhibits several biological activities. This study aims to evaluate the effect of hesperidin on cardiovascular remodeling induced by n-nitro l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with l-NAME (40 mg/kg), l-NAME plus hesperidin (15 mg/kg), hesperidin (30 mg/kg), or captopril (2.5 mg/kg) for five weeks (n = 8/group). Hesperidin or captopril significantly prevented the development of hypertension in l-NAME rats. l-NAME-induced cardiac remodeling, i.e., increases in wall thickness, cross-sectional area (CSA), and fibrosis in the left ventricular and vascular remodeling, i.e., increases in wall thickness, CSA, vascular smooth muscle cells, and collagen deposition in the aorta were attenuated by hesperidin or captopril. These were associated with reduced oxidative stress markers, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and enhancing plasma nitric oxide metabolite (NOx) in l-NAME treated groups. Furthermore, up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1 (TNF-R1) and TGF- β1 protein expression and the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) was suppressed in l-NAME rats treated with hesperidin or captopril. These data suggested that hesperidin had cardioprotective effects in l-NAME hypertensive rats. The possible mechanism may involve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Thewarid Berkban
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Upa Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Parichat Prachaney
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Functions of Rhotekin, an Effector of Rho GTPase, and Its Binding Partners in Mammals. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072121. [PMID: 30037057 PMCID: PMC6073136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhotekin is an effector protein for small GTPase Rho. This protein consists of a Rho binding domain (RBD), a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, two proline-rich regions and a C-terminal PDZ (PSD-95, Discs-large, and ZO-1)-binding motif. We, and other groups, have identified various binding partners for Rhotekin and carried out biochemical and cell biological characterization. However, the physiological functions of Rhotekin, per se, are as of yet largely unknown. In this review, we summarize known features of Rhotekin and its binding partners in neuronal tissues and cancer cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Bork NI, Nikolaev VO. cGMP Signaling in the Cardiovascular System-The Role of Compartmentation and Its Live Cell Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29534460 PMCID: PMC5877662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous second messenger 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) regulates multiple physiologic processes in the cardiovascular system. Its intracellular effects are mediated by stringently controlled subcellular microdomains. In this review, we will illustrate the current techniques available for real-time cGMP measurements with a specific focus on live cell imaging methods. We will also discuss currently accepted and emerging mechanisms of cGMP compartmentation in the cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadja I Bork
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wennogle LP, Hoxie H, Peng Y, Hendrick JP. Phosphodiesterase 1: A Unique Drug Target for Degenerative Diseases and Cognitive Dysfunction. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:349-384. [PMID: 28956339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The focus of this chapter is on the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1 (PDE1) family. PDE1 is one member of the 11 PDE families (PDE 1-11). It is the only phosphodiesterase family that is calcium/calmodulin activated. As a result, whereas other families of PDEs 2-11 play a dominant role controlling basal levels of cyclic nucleotides, PDE1 is involved when intra-cellular calcium levels are elevated and, thus, has an "on demand" or activity-dependent involvement in the control of cyclic nucleotides in excitatory cells including neurons, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle. As a Class 1 phosphodiesterase, PDE1 hydrolyzes the 3' bond of 3'-5'-cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Here, we review evidence for this family of enzymes as drug targets for development of therapies aimed to address disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) and of degenerative diseases. The chapter includes sections on the potential for cognitive enhancement in mental disorders, as well as a review of PDE1 enzyme structure, enzymology, tissue distribution, genomics, inhibitors, pharmacology, clinical trials, and therapeutic indications. Information is taken from public databases. A number of excellent reviews of the phosphodiesterase family have been written as well as reviews of the PDE1 family. References cited here are not comprehensive, rather pointing to major reviews and key publications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence P Wennogle
- Alexandria Center for Life Science, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, 10016, NY, USA.
| | - Helen Hoxie
- Alexandria Center for Life Science, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, 10016, NY, USA
| | - Youyi Peng
- Rutgers University, 7 College Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Joseph P Hendrick
- Alexandria Center for Life Science, Intra-Cellular Therapies, Inc., New York, 10016, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pavlaki N, Nikolaev VO. Imaging of PDE2- and PDE3-Mediated cGMP-to-cAMP Cross-Talk in Cardiomyocytes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010004. [PMID: 29367582 PMCID: PMC5872352 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotides 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are important second messengers that regulate cardiovascular function and disease by acting in discrete subcellular microdomains. Signaling compartmentation at these locations is often regulated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Some PDEs are also involved in the cross-talk between the two second messengers. The purpose of this review is to summarize and highlight recent findings about the role of PDE2 and PDE3 in cardiomyocyte cyclic nucleotide compartmentation and visualization of this process using live cell imaging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sala V, Margaria JP, Murabito A, Morello F, Ghigo A, Hirsch E. Therapeutic Targeting of PDEs and PI3K in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF). Curr Heart Fail Rep 2017; 14:187-196. [PMID: 28451983 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-017-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) is a prevalent disease with considerable individual and societal burden. HFpEF patients often suffer from multiple pathological conditions thatcomplicate management and adversely affect outcome, including pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, no treatment proved to be fully effective in reducing morbidity and mortality in HFpEF, possibly due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS The emerging view proposes chronic systemic inflammation, leading to endothelial dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis, as a prominent cause of HFpEF, rather than a mere co-existent disease. In the last decade, efforts from pharmaceutical companies attempted to target pharmacologically enzymes which play key roles in systemic and lung inflammation, such as the cyclic nucleotide-degrading enzymes phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and phosphoinositide-3 phosphate kinases (PI3Ks), especially to limit COPD. In this review, we will summarize major successes and drawbacks of hitting these enzymes to tackle inflammation in HFpEF-associated co-morbidities, with a major focus on the results of completed and ongoing clinical trials. Finally, we will discuss the potential of repurposing and/or developing new PDE and PI3K inhibitors for HFpEF therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sala
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- S.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Molinette Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Jean Piero Margaria
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Murabito
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Morello
- S.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza, Molinette Hospital, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moura ALD, Hyslop S, Grassi-Kassisse DM, Spadari RC. Functional β2-adrenoceptors in rat left atria: effect of foot-shock stress. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered sensitivity to the chronotropic effect of catecholamines and a reduction in the β1/β2-adrenoceptor ratio have previously been reported in right atria of stressed rats, human failing heart, and aging. In this report, we investigated whether left atrial inotropism was affected by foot-shock stress. Male rats were submitted to 3 foot-shock sessions and the left atrial inotropic response, adenylyl cyclase activity, and β-adrenoceptor expression were investigated. Left atria of stressed rats were supersensitive to isoprenaline when compared with control rats and this effect was abolished by ICI118,551, a selective β2-receptor antagonist. Schild plot slopes for the antagonism between CGP20712A (a selective β1-receptor antagonist) and isoprenaline differed from unity in atria of stressed but not control rats. Atrial sensitivity to norepinephrine, as well as basal and forskolin- or isoprenaline-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were not altered by stress. The effect of isoprenaline on adenylyl cyclase stimulation was partially blocked by ICI118,551 in atrial membranes of stressed rats. These findings indicate that foot-shock stress equally affects inotropism and chronotropism and that β2-adrenoceptor upregulation contributes to the enhanced inotropic response to isoprenaline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz de Moura
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dora M. Grassi-Kassisse
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C. Spadari
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dietary nitrite supplementation attenuates cardiac remodeling in l -NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Nitric Oxide 2017; 67:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
23
|
Weber S, Zeller M, Guan K, Wunder F, Wagner M, El-Armouche A. PDE2 at the crossway between cAMP and cGMP signalling in the heart. Cell Signal 2017; 38:76-84. [PMID: 28668721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are central second messengers in cardiac cells and critical regulators of cardiac physiology as well as pathophysiology. Consequently, subcellular compartmentalization allows for spatiotemporal control of cAMP/cGMP metabolism and subsequent regulation of their respective effector kinases PKA or PKG is most important for cardiac function in health and disease. While acute cAMP-mediated signalling is a mandatory prerequisite for the physiological fight-or-flight response, sustained activation of this pathway may lead to the progression of heart failure. In contrast, acute as well as sustained cGMP-mediated signalling can foster beneficial features, e.g. anti-hypertrophic and vasodilatory effects. These two signalling pathways seem to be intuitively counteracting and there is increasing evidence for a functionally relevant crosstalk between cAMP and cGMP signalling pathways on the level of cyclic nucleotide hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among this diverse group of enzymes, PDE2 may fulfill a unique integrator role. Equipped with dual substrate specificity for cAMP as well as for cGMP, it is the only cAMP hydrolysing PDE, which is allosterically activated by cGMP. Recent studies have revealed strongly remodelled cAMP/cGMP microdomains and subcellular concentration profiles in different cardiac pathologies, leading to a putatively enhanced involvement of PDE2 in cAMP/cGMP breakdown and crosstalk compared to the other cardiac PDEs. This review sums up the current knowledge about molecular properties and regulation of PDE2 and explains the complex signalling network encompassing PDE2 in order to better understand the functional role of PDE2 in distinct cell types in cardiac health and disease. Moreover, this review gives an outlook in which way PDE2 may serve as a therapeutic target to treat cardiac disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Miriam Zeller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Frank Wunder
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, Wuppertal 42113, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shah SJ, Kitzman DW, Borlaug BA, van Heerebeek L, Zile MR, Kass DA, Paulus WJ. Phenotype-Specific Treatment of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Multiorgan Roadmap. Circulation 2016; 134:73-90. [PMID: 27358439 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.021884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 677] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (EF; HFpEF) accounts for 50% of HF cases, and its prevalence relative to HF with reduced EF continues to rise. In contrast to HF with reduced EF, large trials testing neurohumoral inhibition in HFpEF failed to reach a positive outcome. This failure was recently attributed to distinct systemic and myocardial signaling in HFpEF and to diversity of HFpEF phenotypes. In this review, an HFpEF treatment strategy is proposed that addresses HFpEF-specific signaling and phenotypic diversity. In HFpEF, extracardiac comorbidities such as metabolic risk, arterial hypertension, and renal insufficiency drive left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction through systemic inflammation and coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction. The latter affects left ventricular diastolic dysfunction through macrophage infiltration, resulting in interstitial fibrosis, and through altered paracrine signaling to cardiomyocytes, which become hypertrophied and stiff because of low nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Systemic inflammation also affects other organs such as lungs, skeletal muscle, and kidneys, leading, respectively, to pulmonary hypertension, muscle weakness, and sodium retention. Individual steps of these signaling cascades can be targeted by specific interventions: metabolic risk by caloric restriction, systemic inflammation by statins, pulmonary hypertension by phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, muscle weakness by exercise training, sodium retention by diuretics and monitoring devices, myocardial nitric oxide bioavailability by inorganic nitrate-nitrite, myocardial cyclic guanosine monophosphate content by neprilysin or phosphodiesterase 9 inhibition, and myocardial fibrosis by spironolactone. Because of phenotypic diversity in HFpEF, personalized therapeutic strategies are proposed, which are configured in a matrix with HFpEF presentations in the abscissa and HFpEF predispositions in the ordinate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv J Shah
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.)
| | - Dalane W Kitzman
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.)
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.)
| | - Loek van Heerebeek
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.)
| | - Michael R Zile
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.)
| | - David A Kass
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.)
| | - Walter J Paulus
- From Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, and the Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.J.S.); Sections on Cardiovascular Medicine and Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (D.W.K.); Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, (B.A.B.); Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H., W.J.P.); Department of Cardiology, Onze Lieve Vrouw Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (L.v.H.); Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) and the RHJ Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston (M.R.Z.); and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (D.A.K.).
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
PDE1C deficiency antagonizes pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E7116-E7125. [PMID: 27791092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607728113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) represents a major phosphodiesterase activity in human myocardium, but its function in the heart remains unknown. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we studied the expression, regulation, function, and underlying mechanisms of PDE1C in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. PDE1C expression is up-regulated in mouse and human failing hearts and is highly expressed in cardiac myocytes but not in fibroblasts. In adult mouse cardiac myocytes, PDE1C deficiency or inhibition attenuated myocyte death and apoptosis, which was largely dependent on cyclic AMP/PKA and PI3K/AKT signaling. PDE1C deficiency also attenuated cardiac myocyte hypertrophy in a PKA-dependent manner. Conditioned medium taken from PDE1C-deficient cardiac myocytes attenuated TGF-β-stimulated cardiac fibroblast activation through a mechanism involving the crosstalk between cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. In vivo, cardiac remodeling and dysfunction induced by transverse aortic constriction, including myocardial hypertrophy, apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis, and loss of contractile function, were significantly attenuated in PDE1C-knockout mice relative to wild-type mice. These results indicate that PDE1C activation plays a causative role in pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Given the continued development of highly specific PDE1 inhibitors and the high expression level of PDE1C in the human heart, our findings could have considerable therapeutic significance.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kokkonen K, Kass DA. Nanodomain Regulation of Cardiac Cyclic Nucleotide Signaling by Phosphodiesterases. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 57:455-479. [PMID: 27732797 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010716-104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) form an 11-member superfamily comprising 100 different isoforms that regulate the second messengers cyclic adenosine or guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP or cGMP). These PDE isoforms differ with respect to substrate selectivity and their localized control of cAMP and cGMP within nanodomains that target specific cellular pools and synthesis pathways for the cyclic nucleotides. Seven PDE family members are physiologically relevant to regulating cardiac function, disease remodeling of the heart, or both: PDE1 and PDE2, both dual-substrate (cAMP and cGMP) esterases; PDE3, PDE4, and PDE8, which principally hydrolyze cAMP; and PDE5A and PDE9A, which target cGMP. New insights regarding the different roles of PDEs in health and disease and their local signaling control are broadening the potential therapeutic utility for PDE-selective inhibitors. In this review, we discuss these PDEs, focusing on the different mechanisms by which they control cardiac function in health and disease by regulating intracellular nanodomains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Kokkonen
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - David A Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205; .,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wen JJ, Wan X, Thacker J, Garg NJ. Chemotherapeutic efficacy of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in chagasic cardiomyopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:235-250. [PMID: 27747306 PMCID: PMC5065248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc)-induced Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCM) are not well understood. The NO-cGMP-PKG1α pathway maintains cardiac homeostasis and inotropy and may be disturbed due to phosphodiesterase (PDE5)-mediated cGMP catabolism in CCM. To test this, C57BL/6 mice were infected with T. cruzi, and after the control of acute parasitemia (∼45 days post-infection), given sildenafil (SIL) (1 mg/kg) treatment for 3 weeks that ended long before the chronic disease phase (∼150 days post-infection). The PDE5 was increased and cGMP/PKG activity was decreased in chagasic myocardium. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed left ventricular (LV) systolic function, that is, stroke volume, cardiac output, and ejection fraction, was significantly decreased in chagasic mice. SIL treatment resulted in normal levels of PDE5 and cGMP/PKG activity and preserved the LV function. The cardioprotective effects of SIL were provided through inhibition of cardiac collagenosis and chronic inflammation that otherwise were pronounced in CCM. Further, SIL treatment restored the mitochondrial DNA–encoded gene expression, complex I–dependent (but not complex II–dependent) ADP-coupled respiration, and oxidant/antioxidant balance in chagasic myocardium. In vitro studies in cardiomyocytes verified that SIL conserved the redox metabolic state and cellular health via maintaining the antioxidant status that otherwise was compromised in response to T. cruzi infection. We conclude that SIL therapy was useful in controlling the LV dysfunction and chronic pathology in CCM. Mice infected with T. cruzi control acute parasitemia but develop chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Treatment with SIL (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) during a therapeutic window of indeterminate phase provided powerful cardioprotective effects against chronic development of cardiomyopathy and LV dysfunction. SIL normalized the cGMP-dependent protein kinase activity and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, and established the oxidant/antioxidant balance in chagasic myocardium. SIL prevented the oxidative/inflammatory adducts that precipitate cardiomyocytes death and cardiac remodeling in CCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jun Wen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas
| | - Xianxiu Wan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas
| | - John Thacker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas
| | - Nisha Jain Garg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas; Department of Pathology, UTMB, Galveston, TX; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hiemstra JA, Lee DI, Chakir K, Gutiérrez-Aguilar M, Marshall KD, Zgoda PJ, Cruz Rivera N, Dozier DG, Ferguson BS, Heublein DM, Burnett JC, Scherf C, Ivey JR, Minervini G, McDonald KS, Baines CP, Krenz M, Domeier TL, Emter CA. Saxagliptin and Tadalafil Differentially Alter Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) Signaling and Left Ventricular Function in Aortic-Banded Mini-Swine. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:e003277. [PMID: 27098966 PMCID: PMC4843537 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G-phosphodiesterase 5 signaling may be disturbed in heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction, contributing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to manipulate cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling using the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor saxagliptin and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil. We hypothesized that preservation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP signaling would attenuate pathological cardiac remodeling and improve left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed LV hypertrophy and function at the organ and cellular level in aortic-banded pigs. Concentric hypertrophy was equal in all groups, but LV collagen deposition was increased in only HF animals. Prevention of fibrotic remodeling by saxagliptin and tadalafil was correlated with neuropeptide Y plasma levels. Saxagliptin better preserved integrated LV systolic and diastolic function by maintaining normal LV chamber volumes and contractility (end-systolic pressure-volume relationship, preload recruitable SW) while preventing changes to early/late diastolic longitudinal strain rate. Function was similar to the HF group in tadalafil-treated animals including increased LV contractility, reduced chamber volume, and decreased longitudinal, circumferential, and radial mechanics. Saxagliptin and tadalafil prevented a negative cardiomyocyte shortening-frequency relationship observed in HF animals. Saxagliptin increased phosphodiesterase 5 activity while tadalafil increased cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels; however, neither drug increased downstream PKG activity. Early mitochondrial dysfunction, evident as decreased calcium-retention capacity and Complex II-dependent respiratory control, was present in both HF and tadalafil-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Both saxagliptin and tadalafil prevented increased LV collagen deposition in a manner related to the attenuation of increased plasma neuropeptide Y levels. Saxagliptin appears superior for treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, considering its comprehensive effects on integrated LV systolic and diastolic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Hiemstra
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Dong I Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Khalid Chakir
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Manuel Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Kurt D Marshall
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Pamela J Zgoda
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Noelany Cruz Rivera
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Daniel G Dozier
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Brian S Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | | | | | - Carolin Scherf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Jan R Ivey
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | | | - Kerry S McDonald
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Christopher P Baines
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Maike Krenz
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Timothy L Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| | - Craig A Emter
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
MOUBARAK M, MAGAUD C, SALIBA Y, CHATELIER A, BOIS P, FAIVRE JF, FARÈS N. Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Rat Ventricular Fibroblasts During Differentiation Into Myofibroblasts. Physiol Res 2015; 64:495-503. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial natriuretic peptide antifibrotic properties are mainly described in cardiac myocytes or in induced cardiac myofibroblasts (Angiotensin II or TGF-β induced differentiation). In the present work, we investigate the effects of ANP/NPRA/cGMP system in modulating rat cardiac fibroblasts function. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from adult Wistar male rats and cultured in the presence of serum in order to induce fibroblasts differentiation. Cultures were then treated with ANP (1 µM), 8-Br-cGMP (100 µM) or IBMX (100 µM), a non-specific phosphodiesterases inhibitor. ANP significantly decreased proliferation rate and collagen secretion. Its effect was mimicked by the cGMP analog, while combining ANP with 8-Br-cGMP did not lead to additional effects. Moreover intracellular cGMP levels were elevated when cells were incubated with ANP confirming that ANP intracellular pathway is mediated by cGMP. Additionally, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to confirm the presence of guanylyl cyclase specific natriuretic peptide receptors A and B. Finally we scanned specific cGMP dependent PDEs via RT-qPCR, and noticed that inhibiting all PDEs led to an important decrease in proliferation rate. Effect of ANP became more prominent after 10 culture days, confirming the importance of ANP in fibroblasts to myofibroblasts differentiation. Uncovering cellular aspects of ANP/NPRA/cGMP signaling system provided more elements to help understand cardiac fibrotic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N. FARÈS
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Physiologie et Physiopathologie, Pôle Technologie Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Université Saint Joseph, Beyrouth, Liban
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Swaminathan AC, Dusek AC, McMahon TJ. Treatment-related biomarkers in pulmonary hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:663-73. [PMID: 25611885 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0438tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) over the last two decades have led to the introduction of multiple classes of oral therapy, but the disease remains devastating for many patients. Disease progression, in spite of oral monotherapy, is a major problem, and alternative therapy, such as infusion of prostacyclins, is cumbersome and carries considerable potential morbidity. Use of combination oral therapy, including drugs from both the endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor classes, has increased, and there is some evidence to support this approach. Given the multiple options now available in pulmonary hypertension (PH) therapy, biomarkers to guide treatment decisions could be helpful. Here, we review the evidence for and against the clinical use of molecular biomarkers relevant to PH pathogenesis, emphasizing assayable markers that may also inform more rational selection of agents that influence pathways targeted by treatment. We emphasize the interactive nature of changes in mediators and messengers, such as endothelin-1, prostacyclin, brain natriuretic peptide (which has demonstrated biomarker utility), nitric oxide derivatives, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which play important roles in processes central to progression of PAH, such as vascular remodeling, vasoconstriction, and maladaptive right ventricular changes, and are relevant to its therapy. Accordingly, we propose that the identification and use of a molecular biomarker panel that assays these molecules in parallel and serially might, if validated, better inform unique patient phenotypes, prognosis, and the rational selection and titration of combination oral and other therapy in individual patients with PH/PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aparna C Swaminathan
- 1 Duke University and Durham Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gosal K, Dunlop K, Dhaliwal R, Ivanovska J, Kantores C, Desjardins JF, Connelly KA, McNamara PJ, Jain A, Jankov RP. Rho Kinase Mediates Right Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Rats with Chronic Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:717-27. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0201oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|
32
|
Heilman RP, Lagoski MB, Lee KJ, Taylor JM, Kim GA, Berkelhamer SK, Steinhorn RH, Farrow KN. Right ventricular cyclic nucleotide signaling is decreased in hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in neonatal mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1575-82. [PMID: 25862831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00569.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) affect 25-35% of premature infants with significant bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), increasing morbidity and mortality. We sought to determine the role of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) in the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) in a hyperoxia-induced neonatal mouse model of PH and RVH. After birth, C57BL/6 mice were placed in room air (RA) or 75% O2 (CH) for 14 days to induce PH and RVH. Mice were euthanized at 14 days or recovered in RA for 14 days or 42 days prior to euthanasia at 28 or 56 days of age. Some pups received sildenafil or vehicle (3 mg·kg(-1)·dose(-1) sc) every other day from P0. RVH was assessed by Fulton's index [RV wt/(LV + septum) wt]. PDE5 protein expression was analyzed via Western blot, PDE5 activity was measured by commercially available assay, and cGMP was measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Hyperoxia induced RVH in mice after 14 days, and RVH did not resolve until 56 days of age. Hyperoxia increased PDE5 expression and activity in RV, but not LV + S, after 14 days. PDE5 expression normalized by 28 days of age, but PDE5 activity did not normalize until 56 days of age. Sildenafil given during hyperoxia prevented RVH, decreased RV PDE5 activity, and increased RV cGMP levels. Mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PDE5 had increased RVH in RA. These findings suggest normal RV PDE5 function is disrupted by hyperoxia, and elevated PDE5 contributes to RVH and remodeling. Therefore, in addition to impacting the pulmonary vasculature, sildenafil also targets PDE5 in the neonatal mouse RV and decreases RVH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keng Jin Lee
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Joann M Taylor
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Gina A Kim
- Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wobst J, Kessler T, Dang TA, Erdmann J, Schunkert H. Role of sGC-dependent NO signalling and myocardial infarction risk. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:383-94. [PMID: 25733135 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The NO/cGMP pathway plays an important role in many physiological functions and pathophysiological conditions. In the last few years, several genetic and functional studies pointed to an underestimated role of this pathway in the development of atherosclerosis. Indeed, several genetic variants of key enzymes modulating the generation of NO and cGMP have been strongly associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction risk. In this review, we aim to place the genomic findings on components of the NO/cGMP pathway, namely endothelial nitric oxide synthase, soluble guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase 5A, in context of preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Wobst
- Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Lazarettstr. 36, 80636, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Murphy E, Steenbergen C. Sex, drugs, and trial design: sex influences the heart and drug responses. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:2375-7. [PMID: 24837428 DOI: 10.1172/jci76262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies indicate that the phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil is protective against hypertrophy-induced cardiac remodeling. Despite an initial clinical study demonstrating sildenafil-dependent amelioration of pathological remodeling, the cardioprotective effect of this drug was not significant in a large placebo-controlled clinical trail. In this issue, Sasaki and colleagues reveal that the efficacy of PDE5 inhibition in female mice requires estrogen. Induction of cardiac stress in male and intact female mice resulted in increased activation of protein kinase G (PKG) signaling, which was further enhanced by sildenafil. PKG activity was not enhanced in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice as a result of cardiac stress, but administration of estrogen restored PKG activation and enhancement by sildenafil. These data highlight the importance of considering sex-specific differences and drug responses in clinical trial design.
Collapse
|
35
|
Cyclic AMP synthesis and hydrolysis in the normal and failing heart. Pflugers Arch 2014; 466:1163-75. [PMID: 24756197 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP regulates a multitude of cellular responses and orchestrates a network of intracellular events. In the heart, cAMP is the main second messenger of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) pathway producing positive chronotropic, inotropic, and lusitropic effects during sympathetic stimulation. Whereas short-term stimulation of β-AR/cAMP is beneficial for the heart, chronic activation of this pathway triggers pathological cardiac remodeling, which may ultimately lead to heart failure (HF). Cyclic AMP is controlled by two families of enzymes with opposite actions: adenylyl cyclases, which control cAMP production and phosphodiesterases, which control its degradation. The large number of families and isoforms of these enzymes, their different localization within the cell, and their organization in macromolecular complexes leads to a high level of compartmentation, both in space and time, of cAMP signaling in cardiac myocytes. Here, we review the expression level, molecular characteristics, functional properties, and roles of the different adenylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase families expressed in heart muscle and the changes that occur in cardiac hypertrophy and failure.
Collapse
|
36
|
Tarone G, Balligand JL, Bauersachs J, Clerk A, De Windt L, Heymans S, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hirsch E, Iaccarino G, Knöll R, Leite-Moreira AF, Lourenço AP, Mayr M, Thum T, Tocchetti CG. Targeting myocardial remodelling to develop novel therapies for heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:494-508. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Tarone
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole de Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique (UCL-FATH) and Department of Medicine, Cliniques Saint-Luc; Université catholique de Louvain; Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology; Medizinische Hochschule-Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Angela Clerk
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - Leon De Windt
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases; Maastricht University; Maastricht The Netherlands
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM); Maastricht University; The Netherlands
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology; Medizinische Hochschule-Hannover; Hannover Germany
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute; Università di Torino; Torino Italy
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Facoltà di Medicina; Università di Salerno; Salerno Italy
- IRCCS ‘Multimedica’; Milano Italy
| | - Ralph Knöll
- National Heart & Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - Adelino F. Leite-Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - André P. Lourenço
- Department of Physiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre; King's College London; London UK
| | - Thomas Thum
- National Heart & Lung Institute; Imperial College London; London UK
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Vellaichamy E, Das S, Subramanian U, Maeda N, Pandey KN. Genetically altered mutant mouse models of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A exhibit the cardiac expression of proinflammatory mediators in a gene-dose-dependent manner. Endocrinology 2014; 155:1045-56. [PMID: 24424043 PMCID: PMC3929735 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine whether genetically determined differences in the guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A gene (Npr1) affect cardiac expression of proinflammatory cytokines, hypertrophic markers, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and activating protein-1 (AP-1) in am Npr1 gene-dose-dependent manner. In the present studies, adult male Npr1 gene-disrupted (Npr1(-/-)), wild-type (Npr1(+/+)), and gene-duplicated (Npr1(++/++)) mice were used. The Npr1(-/-) mice showed 41 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure and 60% greater heart weight to body weight (HW/BW) ratio; however, Npr1(++/++) mice exhibited 15 mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure and 12% reduced HW/BW ratio compared with Npr1(+/+) mice. Significant upregulation of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and hypertrophic markers along with enhanced NF-κB/AP-1 binding activities were observed in the Npr1(-/-) mouse hearts. Conversely, hypertrophic markers and proinflammatory cytokines gene expression as well as NF-κB/AP-1 binding activities were markedly decreased in Npr1(++/++) mouse hearts compared with wild-type mice. The ventricular guanylyl cyclase activity and cGMP levels were reduced by 96% and 87%, respectively, in Npr1(-/-) mice; however, these parameters were amplified by 2.8-fold and 3.8-fold, respectively, in Npr1(++/++) mice. Echocardiographic analysis revealed significantly increased fractional shortening in Npr1(++/++) mice (P < .05) but greatly decreased in Npr1(-/-) mice (P < .01) hearts compared with Npr1(+/+) mice. The present findings suggest that Npr1 represses the expression of cardiac proinflammatory mediators, hypertrophic markers, and NF-κB/AP-1-mediated mechanisms, which seem to be associated in an Npr1 gene-dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elangovan Vellaichamy
- Department of Physiology Health Sciences Center (E.V., S.D., U.S., K.N.P.), Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine (N.M.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yaniv Y, Spurgeon HA, Ziman BD, Lakatta EG. Ca²+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity and sinoatrial nodal pacemaker cell energetics. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57079. [PMID: 23459256 PMCID: PMC3581576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED : Ca(2+)-activated basal adenylate cyclase (AC) in rabbit sinoatrial node cells (SANC) guarantees, via basal cAMP/PKA-calmodulin/CaMKII-dependent protein phosphorylation, the occurrence of rhythmic, sarcoplasmic-reticulum generated, sub-membrane Ca(2+) releases that prompt rhythmic, spontaneous action potentials (APs). This high-throughput signaling consumes ATP. AIMS We have previously demonstrated that basal AC-cAMP/PKA signaling directly, and Ca(2+) indirectly, regulate mitochondrial ATP production. While, clearly, Ca(2+)-calmodulin-CaMKII activity regulates ATP consumption, whether it has a role in the control of ATP production is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We superfused single, isolated rabbit SANC at 37°C with physiological saline containing CaMKII inhibitors, (KN-93 or autocamtide-2 Related Inhibitory Peptide (AIP)), or a calmodulin inhibitor (W-7) and measured cytosolic Ca(2+), flavoprotein fluorescence and spontaneous AP firing rate. We measured cAMP, ATP and O2 consumption in cell suspensions. Graded reductions in basal CaMKII activity by KN-93 (0.5-3 µmol/L) or AIP (2-10 µmol/L) markedly slow the kinetics of intracellular Ca(2+) cycling, decrease the spontaneous AP firing rate, decrease cAMP, and reduce O2 consumption and flavoprotein fluorescence. In this context of graded reductions in ATP demand, however, ATP also becomes depleted, indicating reduced ATP production. CONCLUSIONS CaMKII signaling, a crucial element of normal automaticity in rabbit SANC, is also involved in SANC bioenergetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Yaniv
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harold A. Spurgeon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Ziman
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Edward G. Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Gerontology Research Center, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sieck GC. Communicating with our external and internal environments. Physiology (Bethesda) 2012; 27:185-6. [PMID: 22875449 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00031.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|