1
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Boutillon A. Organizing collective cell migration through guidance by followers. C R Biol 2023; 346:117-126. [PMID: 38095130 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis, wound healing, and some cancer metastases rely on the collective migration of groups of cells. In these processes, guidance and coordination between cells and tissues are critical. While strongly adherent epithelial cells have to move collectively, loosely organized mesenchymal cells can migrate as individual cells. Nevertheless, many of them migrate collectively. This article summarizes how migratory reactions to cell-cell contacts, also called "contact regulation of locomotion" behaviors, organize mesenchymal collective cell migration. It focuses on one recently discovered mechanism called "guidance by followers", through which a cell is oriented by its immediate followers. In the gastrulating zebrafish embryo, during embryonic axis elongation, this phenomenon is responsible for the collective migration of the leading tissue, the polster, and its guidance by the following posterior axial mesoderm. Such guidance of migrating cells by followers ensures long-range coordination of movements and developmental robustness. Along with other "contact regulation of locomotion" behaviors, this mechanism contributes to organizing collective migration of loose populations of cells.
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2
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Migliaccio G, Ferraro R, Wang Z, Cristini V, Dogra P, Caserta S. Exploring Cell Migration Mechanisms in Cancer: From Wound Healing Assays to Cellular Automata Models. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5284. [PMID: 37958456 PMCID: PMC10647277 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell migration is a critical driver of metastatic tumor spread, contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality. Yet, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. METHODS In this study, a wound healing assay was employed to investigate cancer cell migratory behavior, with the aim of utilizing migration as a biomarker for invasiveness. To gain a comprehensive understanding of this complex system, we developed a computational model based on cellular automata (CA) and rigorously calibrated and validated it using in vitro data, including both tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines. Harnessing this CA-based framework, extensive numerical experiments were conducted and supported by local and global sensitivity analyses in order to identify the key biological parameters governing this process. RESULTS Our analyses led to the formulation of a power law equation derived from just a few input parameters that accurately describes the governing mechanism of wound healing. This groundbreaking research provides a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, this approach proves invaluable for the discovery of novel compounds aimed at disrupting cell migration, assessing the efficacy of prospective drugs designed to impede cancer invasion, and evaluating the immune system's responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Migliaccio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Rosalia Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.W.); (V.C.); (P.D.)
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.W.); (V.C.); (P.D.)
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (Z.W.); (V.C.); (P.D.)
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e Della Produzione Industriale, Università Degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (R.F.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 80145 Naples, Italy
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3
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Lee EEL, O'Malley-Krohn I, Edsinger E, Wu S, Malamy J. Epithelial wound healing in Clytia hemisphaerica provides insights into extracellular ATP signaling mechanisms and P2XR evolution. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18819. [PMID: 37914720 PMCID: PMC10620158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial wound healing involves the collective responses of many cells, including those at the wound margin (marginal cells) and those that lack direct contact with the wound (submarginal cells). How these responses are induced and coordinated to produce rapid, efficient wound healing remains poorly understood. Extracellular ATP (eATP) is implicated as a signal in epithelial wound healing in vertebrates. However, the role of eATP in wound healing in vivo and the cellular responses to eATP are unclear. Almost nothing is known about eATP signaling in non-bilaterian metazoans (Cnidaria, Ctenophora, Placozoa, and Porifera). Here, we show that eATP promotes closure of epithelial wounds in vivo in the cnidarian Clytia hemisphaerica (Clytia) indicating that eATP signaling is an evolutionarily ancient strategy in wound healing. Furthermore, eATP increases F-actin accumulation at the edges of submarginal cells. In Clytia, this indicates eATP is involved in coordinating cellular responses during wound healing, acting in part by promoting actin remodeling in cells at a distance from the wound. We also present evidence that eATP activates a cation channel in Clytia epithelial cells. This implies that the eATP signal is transduced through a P2X receptor (P2XR). Phylogenetic analyses identified four Clytia P2XR homologs and revealed two deeply divergent major branches in P2XR evolution, necessitating revision of current models. Interestingly, simple organisms such as cellular slime mold appear exclusively on one branch, bilaterians are found exclusively on the other, and many non-bilaterian metazoans, including Clytia, have P2XR sequences from both branches. Together, these results re-draw the P2XR evolutionary tree, provide new insights into the origin of eATP signaling in wound healing, and demonstrate that the cytoskeleton of submarginal cells is a target of eATP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E L Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Isabel O'Malley-Krohn
- Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Eric Edsinger
- Whitney Laboratory for Marine Biosciences, University of Florida, 9505 N Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, FL, 32080, USA
| | - Stephanie Wu
- Biological Sciences Collegiate Division, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Jocelyn Malamy
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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4
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Ruppel A, Wörthmüller D, Misiak V, Kelkar M, Wang I, Moreau P, Méry A, Révilloud J, Charras G, Cappello G, Boudou T, Schwarz US, Balland M. Force propagation between epithelial cells depends on active coupling and mechano-structural polarization. eLife 2023; 12:e83588. [PMID: 37548995 PMCID: PMC10511242 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-generated forces play a major role in coordinating the large-scale behavior of cell assemblies, in particular during development, wound healing, and cancer. Mechanical signals propagate faster than biochemical signals, but can have similar effects, especially in epithelial tissues with strong cell-cell adhesion. However, a quantitative description of the transmission chain from force generation in a sender cell, force propagation across cell-cell boundaries, and the concomitant response of receiver cells is missing. For a quantitative analysis of this important situation, here we propose a minimal model system of two epithelial cells on an H-pattern ('cell doublet'). After optogenetically activating RhoA, a major regulator of cell contractility, in the sender cell, we measure the mechanical response of the receiver cell by traction force and monolayer stress microscopies. In general, we find that the receiver cells show an active response so that the cell doublet forms a coherent unit. However, force propagation and response of the receiver cell also strongly depend on the mechano-structural polarization in the cell assembly, which is controlled by cell-matrix adhesion to the adhesive micropattern. We find that the response of the receiver cell is stronger when the mechano-structural polarization axis is oriented perpendicular to the direction of force propagation, reminiscent of the Poisson effect in passive materials. We finally show that the same effects are at work in small tissues. Our work demonstrates that cellular organization and active mechanical response of a tissue are key to maintain signal strength and lead to the emergence of elasticity, which means that signals are not dissipated like in a viscous system, but can propagate over large distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Ruppel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhyGrenobleFrance
| | - Dennis Wörthmüller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- BioQuant–Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | | | - Manasi Kelkar
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Irène Wang
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhyGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Adrien Méry
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhyGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Guillaume Charras
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Institute for the Physics of Living Systems, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Thomas Boudou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhyGrenobleFrance
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- BioQuant–Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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5
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Bai J, Zeng X. Computational modeling and simulation of epithelial wound closure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6265. [PMID: 37069231 PMCID: PMC10110613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds in the epithelium may lead to serious injurious events or chronic inflammatory diseases, however, multicellular organisms have the ability to self-repair wounds through the movement of epithelial cell toward the wound area. Despite intensive studies exploring the mechanism of wound closure, the role of mechanics in epithelial wound closure is still not well explained. In order to investigate the role of mechanical properties on wound closure process, a three-dimensional continuum physics-based computational model is presented in this study. The model takes into account the material property of the epithelial cell, intercellular interactions between neighboring cells at cell-cell junctions, and cell-substrate adhesion between epithelial cells and ECM. Through finite element simulation, it is found that the closure efficiency is related to the initial gap size and the intensity of lamellipodial protrusion. It is also shown that cells at the wound edge undergo higher stress compared with other cells in the epithelial monolayer, and the cellular normal stress dominates over the cellular shear stress. The model presented in this study can be employed as a numerical tool to unravel the mechanical principles behind the complex wound closure process. These results might have the potential to improve effective wound management and optimize the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Bai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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6
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Luo S, Furuya K, Matsuda K, Tsukasa Y, Usui T, Uemura T. E-cadherin-dependent coordinated epithelial rotation on a two-dimensional discoidal pattern. Genes Cells 2023; 28:175-187. [PMID: 36562594 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, cells collectively migrate in a variety of developmental and pathological contexts. Coordinated epithelial rotation represents a unique type of collective cell migrations, which has been modeled in vitro under spatially confined conditions. Although it is known that the coordinated rotation depends on intercellular interactions, the contribution of E-cadherin, a major cell-cell adhesion molecule, has not been directly addressed on two-dimensional (2D) confined substrates. Here, using well-controlled fibronectin-coated surfaces, we tracked and compared the migratory behaviors of MDCK cells expressing or lacking E-cadherin. We observed that wild-type MDCK II cells exhibited persistent and coordinated rotations on discoidal patterns, while E-cadherin knockout cells migrated in a less coordinated manner without large-scale rotation. Our comparison of the collective dynamics between these two cell types revealed a series of changes in migratory behavior caused by the loss of E-cadherin, including a decreased global migration speed, less regularity in quantified coordination, and increased average density of topological defects. Taken together, these data demonstrate that spontaneous initiation of collective epithelial rotations depends on E-cadherin under 2D discoidal confinements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangyu Luo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kanji Furuya
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimiya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuma Tsukasa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadao Usui
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Center for Dynamic Living Systems, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Ji F, Wu Y, Pumera M, Zhang L. Collective Behaviors of Active Matter Learning from Natural Taxes Across Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203959. [PMID: 35986637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Taxis orientation is common in microorganisms, and it provides feasible strategies to operate active colloids as small-scale robots. Collective taxes involve numerous units that collectively perform taxis motion, whereby the collective cooperation between individuals enables the group to perform efficiently, adaptively, and robustly. Hence, analyzing and designing collectives is crucial for developing and advancing microswarm toward practical or clinical applications. In this review, natural taxis behaviors are categorized and synthetic microrobotic collectives are discussed as bio-inspired realizations, aiming at closing the gap between taxis strategies of living creatures and those of functional active microswarms. As collective behaviors emerge within a group, the global taxis to external stimuli guides the group to conduct overall tasks, whereas the local taxis between individuals induces synchronization and global patterns. By encoding the local orientations and programming the global stimuli, various paradigms can be introduced for coordinating and controlling such collective microrobots, from the viewpoints of fundamental science and practical applications. Therefore, by discussing the key points and difficulties associated with collective taxes of different paradigms, this review potentially offers insights into mimicking natural collective behaviors and constructing intelligent microrobotic systems for on-demand control and preassigned tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengtong Ji
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yilin Wu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Martin Pumera
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, VSB - Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Ostrava, 70800, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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8
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Yamanoi Y, Lei J, Takayama Y, Hosogi S, Marunaka Y, Tominaga M. TRPV3-ANO1 interaction positively regulates wound healing in keratinocytes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:88. [PMID: 36690845 PMCID: PMC9870996 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) belongs to the TRP ion channel super family and functions as a nonselective cation channel that is highly permeable to calcium. This channel is strongly expressed in skin keratinocytes and is involved in warmth sensation, itch, wound healing and secretion of several cytokines. Previous studies showed that anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, was activated by calcium influx through TRPV1, TRPV4 or TRPA1 and that these channel interactions were important for TRP channel-mediated physiological functions. We found that ANO1 was expressed by normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). We observed that ANO1 mediated currents upon TRPV3 activation of NHEKs and mouse skin keratinocytes. Using an in vitro wound-healing assay, we observed that either a TRPV3 blocker, an ANO1 blocker or low chloride medium inhibited cell migration and proliferation through p38 phosphorylation, leading to cell cycle arrest. These results indicated that chloride influx through ANO1 activity enhanced wound healing by keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamanoi
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Research Laboratory, Ikedamohando Co., Ltd., 16 Jinden, Kamiichi, Nakaniikawa, Toyama, 930-0394, Japan
| | - Jing Lei
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan
| | - Shigekuni Hosogi
- Department of Clinical and Translational Physiology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
- Medical Research Institute, Kyoto Industrial Health Association, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Thermal Biology Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Division of Cell Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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9
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Park JA, Youm Y, Lee HR, Lee Y, Barron SL, Kwak T, Park GT, Song YC, Owens RM, Kim JH, Jung S. Transfer-Tattoo-Like Cell-Sheet Delivery Induced by Interfacial Cell Migration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2204390. [PMID: 36066995 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A direct transfer of a cell sheet from a culture surface to a target tissue is introduced. Commercially available, flexible parylene is used as the culture surface, and it is proposed that the UV-treated parylene offers adequate and intermediate levels of cell adhesiveness for both the stable cell attachment during culture and for the efficient cell transfer to a target surface. The versatility of this cell-transfer process is demonstrated with various cell types, including MRC-5, HDFn, HULEC-5a, MC3T3-E1, A549, C2C12 cells, and MDCK-II cells. The novel cell-sheet engineering is based on a mechanism of interfacial cell migration between two surfaces with different adhesion preferences. Monitoring of cytoskeletal dynamics and drug treatments during the cell-transfer process reveals that the interfacial cell migration occurs by utilizing the existing transmembrane proteins on the cell surface to bind to the targeted surface. The re-establishment and reversal of cell polarity after the transfer process are also identified. Its unique capabilities of 3D multilayer stacking, freeform design, and curved surface application are demonstrated. Finally, the therapeutic potential of the cell-sheet delivery system is demonstrated by applying it to cutaneous wound healing and skin-tissue regeneration in mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju An Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Yejin Youm
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Rim Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Lee
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah L Barron
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Taejeong Kwak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Cheol Song
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Róisín M Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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10
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The Forces behind Directed Cell Migration. BIOPHYSICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/biophysica2040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Directed cell migration is an essential building block of life, present when an embryo develops, a dendritic cell migrates toward a lymphatic vessel, or a fibrotic organ fails to restore its normal parenchyma. Directed cell migration is often guided by spatial gradients in a physicochemical property of the cell microenvironment, such as a gradient in chemical factors dissolved in the medium or a gradient in the mechanical properties of the substrate. Single cells and tissues sense these gradients, establish a back-to-front polarity, and coordinate the migration machinery accordingly. Central to these steps we find physical forces. In some cases, these forces are integrated into the gradient sensing mechanism. Other times, they transmit information through cells and tissues to coordinate a collective response. At any time, they participate in the cellular migratory system. In this review, we explore the role of physical forces in gradient sensing, polarization, and coordinating movement from single cells to multicellular collectives. We use the framework proposed by the molecular clutch model and explore to what extent asymmetries in the different elements of the clutch can lead to directional migration.
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11
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Yin D, Zhang H, Yang C, Zhang W, Yang S. A More Biomimetic Cell Migration Assay with High Reliability and Its Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060695. [PMID: 35745614 PMCID: PMC9229299 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration refers to the directional movement of cells to the surrounding cell-free zone in response to chemical and mechanical stimuli. A cell migration assay is an essential device for studying pharmaceutical and medical problems. In this paper, we present a novel approach to a cell migration assay on a chip with two merits, namely (i) simultaneous creation of many cell samples on the same condition and (ii) cells migrating while being stressed in a fluidic environment. The first merit has addressed the problem of poor reproducibility in experimental studies for medical problems such as wound healing, and the second merit has made the cell migration device, which is an in vitro environment, more biomimetic. The two merits are attributed to a novel mechanical method to simultaneously create many cell-free zones and to the design of a microfluidic process to create shear stress in cells uniformly. Two applications were studied on our device to explore its effectiveness. The first application is regarding the combination chemotherapy of cisplatin and doxorubicin (Adriamycin) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The second application is regarding inhibiting the migration of endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the process of anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yin
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada;
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shihmo Yang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (D.Y.); (H.Z.)
- Biomedical Science and Technology Research Centre, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (S.Y.)
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12
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Elyasigorji Z, Mobasheri H, Dini L. Static magnetic field modulates olfactory ensheathing cell's morphology, division, and migration activities, a biophysical approach to regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:665-679. [PMID: 35470546 DOI: 10.1002/term.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The moderate static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been used here as a non-invasive tool to study their manipulative effects on the olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) activity, growth, morphology, and migration in culture. The OECs are involved in the regeneration of primary olfactory sensory neurons and migration into the central nervous system to repair axons damaged by infection, injury, etc., that play a pivotal role in complementary regenerative medicine. Here, OECs were isolated from the olfactory bulb and cultured to confluence. An in vitro wound healing model was formed and exposed to either parallel (PaSMF) or perpendicular (PeSMF) SMF at intensities of 30, 50, and 70 mT, and cells' morphology, podia formation, proliferation, and migration were studied by time-lapse recording. The SMFs were not cytotoxic at the intensity and exposure time applied here. The exposure of cells to 70 mT PaSMF and PeSMF increased the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia, cell migration speed, and direction of the scratch forefront cells, significantly. Treatment of cells with 70 mT PaSMF and PeSMF increased cell divisions, while 30 mT PaSMF decreased it. SMF effects on OECs division, motility, migratory direction, and velocity indicate its effect on various aspects of cell physiology and signaling at atomic and molecular levels, and have a role in tissue regeneration that involves microtubules and actin filaments formation and rearrangements. Thus, the exposure of OECs with moderate SMF might be considered a promising noninvasive approach to remotely manipulate normal and stem cell activities for therapeutic regenerative purposes in various tissues including the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Elyasigorji
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), ACECR, Human and Animal Cell Bank, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Mobasheri
- Laboratory of Membrane Biophysics and Macromolecules, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Biomaterials of University of Tehran and Tehran University of Medical Science (IBUTUM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Luciana Dini
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology C. Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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13
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Kopenhagen A, Ramming I, Camp B, Hammerschmidt S, Fulde M, Müsken M, Steinert M, Bergmann S. Streptococcus pneumoniae Affects Endothelial Cell Migration in Microfluidic Circulation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:852036. [PMID: 35401456 PMCID: PMC8990767 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.852036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae induce strong inflammatory and procoagulant cellular responses and affect the endothelial barrier of the vascular system. Bacterial virulence determinants, such as the cytotoxic pore-forming pneumolysin, increase the endothelial barrier permeability by inducing cell apoptosis and cell damage. As life-threatening consequences, disseminated intravascular coagulation followed by consumption coagulopathy and low blood pressure is described. With the aim to decipher the role of pneumolysin in endothelial damage and leakage of the vascular barrier in more detail, we established a chamber-separation cell migration assay (CSMA) used to illustrate endothelial wound healing upon bacterial infections. We used chambered inlets for cell cultivation, which, after removal, provide a cell-free area of 500 μm in diameter as a defined gap in primary endothelial cell layers. During the process of wound healing, the size of the cell-free area is decreasing due to cell migration and proliferation, which we quantitatively determined by microscopic live cell monitoring. In addition, differential immunofluorescence staining combined with confocal microscopy was used to morphologically characterize the effect of bacterial attachment on cell migration and the velocity of gap closure. In all assays, the presence of wild-type pneumococci significantly inhibited endothelial gap closure. Remarkably, even in the presence of pneumolysin-deficient pneumococci, cell migration was significantly retarded. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of pneumococci on the proportion of cell proliferation versus cell migration within the process of endothelial gap closure was assessed by implementation of a fluorescence-conjugated nucleoside analogon. We further combined the endothelial CSMA with a microfluidic pump system, which for the first time enabled the microscopic visualization and monitoring of endothelial gap closure in the presence of circulating bacteria at defined vascular shear stress values for up to 48 h. In accordance with our CSMA results under static conditions, the gap remained cell free in the presence of circulating pneumococci in flow. Hence, our combined endothelial cultivation technique represents a complex in vitro system, which mimics the vascular physiology as close as possible by providing essential parameters of the blood flow to gain new insights into the effect of pneumococcal infection on endothelial barrier integrity in flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kopenhagen
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Isabell Ramming
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Belinda Camp
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Pneumology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven Hammerschmidt
- Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Steinert
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Simone Bergmann
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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14
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Cell Chirality Regulates Coherent Angular Motion on Small Circular Substrates. Biophys J 2022; 121:1931-1939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Jiang CF, Sun YM. Label-free monitoring of spatiotemporal changes in the stem cell cytoskeletons in time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2323-2333. [PMID: 35519244 PMCID: PMC9045902 DOI: 10.1364/boe.452822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the dynamic structural changes in the actin cytoskeleton during cell migration provides crucial information about the physiological conditions of a stem cell during in-vitro culture. Here we proposed a quantitative analytical model associated with texture extraction with cell tracking techniques for in situ monitoring of the cytoskeletal density change of stem cells in phase-contrast microscopy without fluorescence staining. The reliability of the model in quantifying the texture density with different orientation was first validated using a series of simulated textural images. The capability of the method to reflect the spatiotemporal regulation of the cytoskeletal structure of a living stem cell was further proved by applying it to a set of 72 h phase-contrast microscopic video of the growth dynamics of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fen Jiang
- Graduate Degree Program of Smart Healthcare & Bioinformatics, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Man Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Pi-Jaumà I, Alert R, Casademunt J. Collective durotaxis of cohesive cell clusters on a stiffness gradient. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2022; 45:7. [PMID: 35072824 PMCID: PMC8786814 DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-021-00150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Many types of motile cells perform durotaxis, namely directed migration following gradients of substrate stiffness. Recent experiments have revealed that cell monolayers can migrate toward stiffer regions even when individual cells do not-a phenomenon known as collective durotaxis. Here, we address the spontaneous motion of finite cohesive cell monolayers on a stiffness gradient. We theoretically analyze a continuum active polar fluid model that has been tested in recent wetting assays of epithelial tissues and includes two types of active forces (cell-substrate traction and cell-cell contractility). The competition between the two active forces determines whether a cell monolayer spreads or contracts. Here, we show that this model generically predicts collective durotaxis, and that it features a variety of dynamical regimes as a result of the interplay between the spreading state and the global propagation, including sequential contraction and spreading of the monolayer as it moves toward higher stiffness. We solve the model exactly in some relevant cases, which provides both physical insights into the mechanisms of tissue durotaxis and spreading as well as a variety of predictions that could guide the design of future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Pi-Jaumà
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institut of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Alert
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzerst. 38, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden, Pfotenhauerst. 108, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jaume Casademunt
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Universitat de Barcelona Institut of Complex Systems (UBICS), 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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17
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Upregulation of p53 by tannic acid treatment suppresses the proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2021; 71:587-602. [PMID: 36651555 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study's objective is to clarify the molecular mechanisms of tannic acid effects on the viability of human colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Tannic acid is stable for up to 48 h and is localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. It dose-dependently inhibited the viability of CRC cell lines; SW-620 and HT-29 with IC 50 values of 7.2 ± 0.8 and 37.6 ± 1.4 µmol L-1. Besides, metastatic, invasive, and colony formation properties of CRC cells were significantly inhibited following the tannic acid treatment (p < 0.001). Tannic acid has been found to modulate enzyme, protein, and gene expressions of NQO1 in different levels and the upregulation of protein/gene expressions of p53 (p < 0.001), which leads the cells to trigger apoptosis. In conclusion, the present in vitro study may supply a significant background for in vivo studies in which the molecular mechanisms of antioxidant and chemopreventive activities of tannic acid will completely clarify.
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18
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Sampedro MF, Miño GL, Galetto CD, Sigot V. Spatio-temporal analysis of collective migration in vivoby particle image velocimetry. Phys Biol 2021; 18. [PMID: 34633306 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac2e71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration drives the formation of complex organ systems as well as certain tumour invasions and wound healing processes. A characteristic feature of many migrating collectives is tissue-scale polarity, whereby 'leader' cells at the tissue edge guide 'followers' cells that become assembled into polarized epithelial tissues. In this study, we employed particle image velocimetry (PIV) as a tool to quantitate local dynamics underlying the migration of the posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) in zebrafish at a short time scale. Epithelial cadherin-EGFP was the fluorescent tracer in time-lapse images for PIV analysis. At the tissue level, global speed and directionality of the primordium were extracted from spatially averaged velocity fields. Interestingly, fluctuating velocity patterns evolve at the mesoscale level, which distinguishes the pseudo-mesenchymal leading front from the epithelialized trailing edge, and superimpose to the global deceleration of the whole primordium during the separation of a protoneuromast. Local velocity fields obtained by PIV proved sensitive to estimate the migration speed and directionality of the pLLP in zebrafish, predicting protoneuromast separation at short time scales. Finally, the PIV approach may be suitable for analysing the dynamics of otherin vivomodels of collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Sampedro
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (IBB-CONICET-UNER), CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Microscopía Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares (LAMAE), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - Gastón L Miño
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (IBB-CONICET-UNER), CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Microscopía Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares (LAMAE), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina.,Grupo de Investigación en Microfluídica (GIM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - Carolina D Galetto
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares (LAMAE), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina
| | - Valeria Sigot
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (IBB-CONICET-UNER), CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Microscopía Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares (LAMAE), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, CP 3100 Oro Verde, Argentina
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19
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Di Russo J, Young JL, Wegner JW, Steins T, Kessler H, Spatz JP. Integrin α5β1 nano-presentation regulates collective keratinocyte migration independent of substrate rigidity. eLife 2021; 10:69861. [PMID: 34554089 PMCID: PMC8460267 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanometer-scale properties of the extracellular matrix influence many biological processes, including cell motility. While much information is available for single-cell migration, to date, no knowledge exists on how the nanoscale presentation of extracellular matrix receptors influences collective cell migration. In wound healing, basal keratinocytes collectively migrate on a fibronectin-rich provisional basement membrane to re-epithelialize the injured skin. Among other receptors, the fibronectin receptor integrin α5β1 plays a pivotal role in this process. Using a highly specific integrin α5β1 peptidomimetic combined with nanopatterned hydrogels, we show that keratinocyte sheets regulate their migration ability at an optimal integrin α5β1 nanospacing. This efficiency relies on the effective propagation of stresses within the cell monolayer independent of substrate stiffness. For the first time, this work highlights the importance of extracellular matrix receptor nanoscale organization required for efficient tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Russo
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Aachen, Germany.,DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jennifer L Young
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Timmy Steins
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Horst Kessler
- Institute for Advance Study, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Molecular System Engineering - IMSE - Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Ghosh D, Dutta A, Kashyap A, Upmanyu N, Datta S. PLP2 drives collective cell migration via ZO-1-mediated cytoskeletal remodeling at the leading edge in human colorectal cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271878. [PMID: 34409455 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration (CCM), in which cell-cell integrity remains preserved during movement, plays an important role in the progression of cancer. However, studies describing CCM in cancer progression are majorly focused on the effects of extracellular tissue components on moving cell plasticity. The molecular and cellular mechanisms of CCM during cancer progression remain poorly explored. Here, we report that proteolipid protein 2 (PLP2), a colonic epithelium-enriched transmembrane protein, plays a vital role in the CCM of invasive human colorectal cancer (CRC) epithelium by modulating leading-edge cell dynamics in 2D. The extracellular pool of PLP2, secreted via exosomes, was also found to contribute to the event. During CCM, the protein was found to exist in association with ZO-1 (also known as TJP1) and to be involved in the positioning of the latter at the migrating edge. PLP2-mediated positioning of ZO-1 at the leading edge further alters actin cytoskeletal organization that involves Rac1 activation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that PLP2, via its association with ZO-1, drives CCM in CRC epithelium by modulating the leading-edge actin cytoskeleton, thereby opening up new avenues of cancer research. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanjana Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India.,School of Pharmacy and Research, People's University, Bhopal 462037, India
| | - Ankita Dutta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Anjali Kashyap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
| | - Neeraj Upmanyu
- School of Pharmacy and Research, People's University, Bhopal 462037, India
| | - Sunando Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, India
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21
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Qin L, Yang D, Yi W, Cao H, Xiao G. Roles of leader and follower cells in collective cell migration. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1267-1272. [PMID: 34184941 PMCID: PMC8351552 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is a widely observed phenomenon during animal development, tissue repair, and cancer metastasis. Considering its broad involvement in biological processes, it is essential to understand the basics behind the collective movement. Based on the topology of migrating populations, tissue-scale kinetics, called the “leader–follower” model, has been proposed for persistent directional collective movement. Extensive in vivo and in vitro studies reveal the characteristics of leader cells, as well as the special mechanisms leader cells employ for maintaining their positions in collective migration. However, follower cells have attracted increasing attention recently due to their important contributions to collective movement. In this Perspective, the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the “leader–follower” model is reviewed with a special focus on the force transmission and diverse roles of leaders and followers during collective cell movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dazhi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiling Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guozhi Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen 518055, China
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22
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Xu N, Ayers L, Pastukh V, Alexeyev M, Stevens T, Tambe DT. Impact of Na+ permeation on collective migration of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250095. [PMID: 33891591 PMCID: PMC8064576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective migration of endothelial cells is important for wound healing and angiogenesis. During such migration, each constituent endothelial cell coordinates its magnitude and direction of migration with its neighbors while retaining intercellular adhesion. Ensuring coordination and cohesion involves a variety of intra- and inter-cellular signaling processes. However, the role of permeation of extracellular Na+ in collective cell migration remains unclear. Here, we examined the effect of Na+ permeation in collective migration of pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) monolayers triggered by either a scratch injury or a barrier removal over 24 hours. In the scratch assay, PAEC monolayers migrated in two approximately linear phases. In the first phase, wound closure started with fast speed which then rapidly reduced within 5 hours after scratching. In the second phase, wound closure maintained at slow and stable speed from 6 to 24 hours. In the absence of extracellular Na+, the wound closure distance was reduced by >50%. Fewer cells at the leading edge protruded prominent lamellipodia. Beside transient gaps, some sustained interendothelial gaps also formed and progressively increased in size over time, and some fused with adjacent gaps. In the absence of both Na+ and scratch injury, PAEC monolayer migrated even more slowly, and interendothelial gaps obviously increased in size towards the end. Pharmacological inhibition of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) using amiloride reduced wound closure distance by 30%. Inhibition of both the ENaC and the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) using benzamil further reduced wound closure distance in the second phase and caused accumulation of floating particles in the media. Surprisingly, pharmacological inhibition of the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel protein 1 (Orai1) using GSK-7975A, the transient receptor potential channel protein 1 and 4 (TRPC1/4) using Pico145, or both Orai1 and TRPC1/4 using combined GSK-7975A and Pico145 treatment did not affect wound closure distance dramatically. Nevertheless, the combined treatment appeared to cause accumulation of floating particles. Note that GSK-7975A also inhibits small inward Ca2+ currents via Orai2 and Orai3 channels, whereas Pico145 also blocks TRPC4, TRPC5, and TRPC1/5 channels. By contrast, gene silence of Orai1 by shRNAs led to a 25% reduction of wound closure in the first 6 hours but had no effect afterwards. However, in the absence of extracellular Na+ or cellular injury, Orai1 did not affect PAEC collective migration. Overall, the data reveal that Na+ permeation into cells contributes to PAEC monolayer collective migration by increasing lamellipodial formation, reducing accumulation of floating particles, and improving intercellular adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Linn Ayers
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Viktoriya Pastukh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Troy Stevens
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DTT); (TS)
| | - Dhananjay T. Tambe
- Center for Lung Biology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Departments of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DTT); (TS)
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23
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Real-Time Impedance Monitoring of Epithelial Cultures with Inkjet-Printed Interdigitated-Electrode Sensors. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195711. [PMID: 33049961 PMCID: PMC7582757 DOI: 10.3390/s20195711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
From electronic devices to large-area electronics, from individual cells to skin substitutes, printing techniques are providing compelling applications in wide-ranging fields. Research has thus fueled the vision of a hybrid, printing platform to fabricate sensors/electronics and living engineered tissues simultaneously. Following this interest, we have fabricated interdigitated-electrode sensors (IDEs) by inkjet printing to monitor epithelial cell cultures. We have fabricated IDEs using flexible substrates with silver nanoparticles as a conductive element and SU-8 as the passivation layer. Our sensors are cytocompatible, have a topography that simulates microgrooves of 300 µm width and ~4 µm depth, and can be reused for cellular studies without detrimental in the electrical performance. To test the inkjet-printed sensors and demonstrate their potential use for monitoring laboratory-growth skin tissues, we have developed a real-time system and monitored label-free proliferation, migration, and detachment of keratinocytes by impedance spectroscopy. We have found that variations in the impedance correlate linearly to cell densities initially seeded and that the main component influencing the total impedance is the isolated effect of the cell membranes. Results obtained show that impedance can track cellular migration over the surface of the sensors, exhibiting a linear relationship with the standard method of image processing. Our results provide a useful approach for non-destructive in-situ monitoring of processes related to both in vitro epidermal models and wound healing with low-cost ink-jetted sensors. This type of flexible sensor as well as the impedance method are promising for the envisioned hybrid technology of 3D-bioprinted smart skin substitutes with built-in electronics.
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24
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Fedele C, Mäntylä E, Belardi B, Hamkins-Indik T, Cavalli S, Netti PA, Fletcher DA, Nymark S, Priimagi A, Ihalainen TO. Azobenzene-based sinusoidal surface topography drives focal adhesion confinement and guides collective migration of epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15329. [PMID: 32948792 PMCID: PMC7501301 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface topography is a key parameter in regulating the morphology and behavior of single cells. At multicellular level, coordinated cell displacements drive many biological events such as embryonic morphogenesis. However, the effect of surface topography on collective migration of epithelium has not been studied in detail. Mastering the connection between surface features and collective cellular behaviour is highly important for novel approaches in tissue engineering and repair. Herein, we used photopatterned microtopographies on azobenzene-containing materials and showed that smooth topographical cues with proper period and orientation can efficiently orchestrate cell alignment in growing epithelium. Furthermore, the experimental system allowed us to investigate how the orientation of the topographical features can alter the speed of wound closure in vitro. Our findings indicate that the extracellular microenvironment topography coordinates their focal adhesion distribution and alignment. These topographic cues are able to guide the collective migration of multicellular systems, even when cell-cell junctions are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fedele
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Brian Belardi
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Tiama Hamkins-Indik
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Silvia Cavalli
- Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo A Netti
- Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare @CRIB, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Division of Biological Systems and Engineering, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Soile Nymark
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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25
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Shanthi Kumari K, Shivakrishna P, Ganduri VR. Wound healing Activities of the bioactive compounds from Micrococcus sp. OUS9 isolated from marine water. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2398-2402. [PMID: 32884422 PMCID: PMC7451693 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine species are increasingly important as a source of specific biological active metabolites. Marine species comprise almost half of global biodiversity. Oceans and sea are thus the biggest source of positive natural compounds that could be utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as functional constituents. In the present study was to find out the wound healing property of the bioactive compounds from Micrococcus sp. OUS9 isolated from marine source. The in vivo wound healing activity was studied using excision wound model. The KLUF 10 and KLUF13 ointment was prepared and used to determine wound healing activity in albino rats. Topical application of the ointment enhanced the contraction of wound in contrast with rat control group. KLUF13 had shown strong healing ability in wounds and had a positive influence on the various phases of wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Shanthi Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, A.P., India
- Department of Microbiology, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana, India
| | | | - V.S. Ramakrishna Ganduri
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur 522502, A.P., India
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26
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Lohmann S, Giampietro C, Pramotton FM, Al‐Nuaimi D, Poli A, Maiuri P, Poulikakos D, Ferrari A. The Role of Tricellulin in Epithelial Jamming and Unjamming via Segmentation of Tricellular Junctions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001213. [PMID: 32775171 PMCID: PMC7404176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Collective cellular behavior in confluent monolayers supports physiological and pathological processes of epithelial development, regeneration, and carcinogenesis. Here, the attainment of a mature and static tissue configuration or the local reactivation of cell motility involve a dynamic regulation of the junctions established between neighboring cells. Tricellular junctions (tTJs), established at vertexes where three cells meet, are ideally located to control cellular shape and coordinate multicellular movements. However, their function in epithelial tissue dynamic remains poorly defined. To investigate the role of tTJs establishment and maturation in the jamming and unjamming transitions of epithelial monolayers, a semi-automatic image-processing pipeline is developed and validated enabling the unbiased and spatially resolved determination of the tTJ maturity state based on the localization of fluorescent reporters. The software resolves the variation of tTJ maturity accompanying collective transitions during tissue maturation, wound healing, and upon the adaptation to osmolarity changes. Altogether, this work establishes junctional maturity at tricellular contacts as a novel biological descriptor of collective responses in epithelial monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Lohmann
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Costanza Giampietro
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyExperimental Continuum MechanicsDübendorf8600Switzerland
| | | | - Dunja Al‐Nuaimi
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Poli
- IFOM‐ The FIRC Institute of Molecular OncologySpatiotemporal organization of the nucleus UnitMilan20139Italy
| | - Paolo Maiuri
- IFOM‐ The FIRC Institute of Molecular OncologySpatiotemporal organization of the nucleus UnitMilan20139Italy
| | - Dimos Poulikakos
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
| | - Aldo Ferrari
- Laboratory of Thermodynamics in Emerging TechnologiesETH ZurichZurich8092Switzerland
- EMPASwiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and TechnologyExperimental Continuum MechanicsDübendorf8600Switzerland
- Institute for Mechanical SystemsETH ZurichZürich8092Switzerland
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27
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Jin W, Lo KY, Sun YS, Ting YH, Simpson MJ. Quantifying the role of different surface coatings in experimental models of wound healing. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Koshimune S, Kosaka M, Mizuno N, Yamamoto H, Miyamoto T, Ebisui K, Toyooka S, Ohtsuka A. Prognostic value of OCT4A and SPP1C transcript variant co-expression in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:521. [PMID: 32503462 PMCID: PMC7275395 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-06969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octamer-binding transcription factor 4A (OCT4A) is essential for cell pluripotency and reprogramming both in humans and mice. To date, however, the function of human OCT4 in somatic and/or tumour tissues is largely unknown. METHODS RT-PCR was used to identify full-length splice forms of OCT4 transcripts in normal and cancer cells. A FLAG-tagged OCT4 genomic transgene was used to identify OCT4-positive cancer cells. A potential role for OCT4 in somatic cancer cells was examined by cell ablation of OCT4-positive cells using promoter-driven diphtheria toxin A. OCT4 and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) transcripts in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma tumours were analysed and compared with pathohistological features. RESULTS The results show that, unlike in murine cells, OCT4A and OCT4B variants are transcribed in both human cancer cells and in adult tissues such as lung, kidney, uterus, breast, and eye. We found that OCT4A and SPP1C are co-expressed in highly aggressive human breast, endometrial, and lung adenocarcinoma cell lines, but not in mesothelial tumour cell lines. Ablation of OCT4-positive cells in lung adenocarcinoma cells significantly decreased cell migration and SPP1C mRNA levels. The OCT4A/SPP1C axis was found in primary, early-stage, lung adenocarcinoma tumours. CONCLUSIONS Co-expression of OCT4 and SPP1 may correlate with cancer aggressiveness, and the OCT4A/SPP1C axis may help identify early-stage high-risk patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Contrary to the case in mice, our data strongly suggest a critical role for OCT4A and SPP1C in the development and progression of human epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seijiro Koshimune
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kosaka
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Mizuno
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamamoto
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyamoto
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, Cancer Cell Research Institute, Kyushu University of Health and Welfare, Yoshino-cho, Nobeoka, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kohta Ebisui
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Toyooka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Aiji Ohtsuka
- Department of Human Morphology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1, Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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29
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The recent advances in the mathematical modelling of human pluripotent stem cells. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020; 2:276. [PMID: 32803125 PMCID: PMC7391994 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2070-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for developments in regenerative medicine and drug design. The mathematical modelling of stem cells and their properties is necessary to understand and quantify key behaviours and develop non-invasive prognostic modelling tools to assist in the optimisation of laboratory experiments. Here, the recent advances in the mathematical modelling of hPSCs are discussed, including cell kinematics, cell proliferation and colony formation, and pluripotency and differentiation.
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30
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Guo DF, Rahmouni K. The Bardet-Biedl syndrome protein complex regulates cell migration and tissue repair through a Cullin-3/RhoA pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C457-C465. [PMID: 31216194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00498.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell motility and migration play critical roles in various physiological processes and disease states. Here, we show that the BBBsome, a macromolecule composed of eight Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) proteins including BBS1, is a critical determinant of cell migration and wound healing. Fibroblast cells derived from mice or humans harboring a homozygous missense mutation (BBS1M390R/M390R) that disrupt the BBSome exhibit defects in migration and wound healing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BBS1M390R/M390R mice have significantly delayed wound closure. In line with this, we provide data suggesting that BBS1M390R/M390R fibroblasts have impaired platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF) receptor-α signaling, a key regulator of directional cell migration acting as a chemoattractant during postnatal migration responses such as wound healing. In addition, we show that BBS1M390R/M390R fibroblasts have upregulated RhoA expression and activity. The relevance of RhoA upregulation is demonstrated by the ability of RhoA-kinase inhibitor Y27632 to partially rescue the migration defect of BBS1M390R/M390R fibroblasts cells. We also show that accumulation of RhoA protein in BBS1M390R/M390R fibroblasts cells is associated with reduction and inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase Cullin-3. Consistent with this, Cullin-3 inhibition with MLN4924 is sufficient to reduce migration of normal fibroblasts. These data implicate the BBSome in cell motility and tissue repair through a mechanism that involves PDGF receptor signaling and Cullin-3-mediated control of RhoA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Fu Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Obesity Education and Research Initiative, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.,Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa
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31
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Ouabain Accelerates Collective Cell Migration Through a cSrc and ERK1/2 Sensitive Metalloproteinase Activity. J Membr Biol 2019; 252:549-559. [PMID: 31041466 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-019-00066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies made in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line showed that ouabain regulates cell adhesion and cell-adhesion-related biological processes, such as migration. Here, we demonstrated that 10 nM ouabain accelerates collective cell migration and heals wounds in cultured MDCK cell monolayers. Ouabain-induced acceleration of cell migration depends on activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2 signaling cascade, as it was inhibited by the kinase inhibitors PP2 and PD98059. Activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2 signaling cascade increased expression and activation of the extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Inhibition of MMP activity using the generic inhibitor GM6001 or the potent iMMP-2 inhibitor prevented the accelerative effect of ouabain. Likewise, Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) inhibition with the transfection of dominant negative peptide FRNK impaired the effect of ouabain. These results suggest that ouabain binding to the Na+,K+-ATPase accelerates collective migration of MDCK cells through activation of the cSrc-ERK1/2-FAK signaling cascade and promoting secretion and MMP activity.
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32
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VanderVorst K, Dreyer CA, Konopelski SE, Lee H, Ho HYH, Carraway KL. Wnt/PCP Signaling Contribution to Carcinoma Collective Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1719-1729. [PMID: 30952630 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the cellular mechanisms governing carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis has evolved dramatically over the last several years. The previous emphasis on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a driver of the migratory properties of single cells has expanded with the observation that carcinoma cells often invade and migrate collectively as adherent groups. Moreover, recent analyses suggest that circulating tumor cells within the vasculature often exist as multicellular clusters and that clusters more efficiently seed metastatic lesions than single circulating tumor cells. While these observations point to a key role for collective cell migration in carcinoma metastasis, the molecular mechanisms driving collective tumor cell migration remain to be discerned. Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling, one of the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, mediates collective migratory events such as convergent extension during developmental processes. Wnt/PCP signaling components are frequently dysregulated in solid tumors, and aberrant pathway activation contributes to tumor cell migratory properties. Here we summarize key studies that address the mechanisms by which Wnt/PCP signaling mediate collective cell migration in developmental and tumor contexts. We emphasize Wnt/PCP component localization within migrating cells and discuss how component asymmetry may govern the spatiotemporal control of downstream cytoskeletal effectors to promote collective cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sara E Konopelski
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
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33
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Alert R, Blanch-Mercader C, Casademunt J. Active Fingering Instability in Tissue Spreading. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:088104. [PMID: 30932560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.088104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
During the spreading of epithelial tissues, the advancing tissue front often develops fingerlike protrusions. Their resemblance to traditional viscous fingering patterns in driven fluids suggests that epithelial fingers could arise from an interfacial instability. However, the existence and physical mechanism of such a putative instability remain unclear. Here, based on an active polar fluid model for epithelial spreading, we analytically predict a generic instability of the tissue front. On the one hand, active cellular traction forces impose a velocity gradient that leads to an accelerated front, which is, thus, unstable to long-wavelength perturbations. On the other hand, contractile intercellular stresses typically dominate over surface tension in stabilizing short-wavelength perturbations. Finally, the finite range of hydrodynamic interactions in the tissue selects a wavelength for the fingering pattern, which is, thus, given by the smallest between the tissue size and the hydrodynamic screening length. Overall, we show that spreading epithelia experience an active fingering instability based on a simple kinematic mechanism. Moreover, our results underscore the crucial role of long-range hydrodynamic interactions in the dynamics of tissue morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Alert
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Blanch-Mercader
- Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Genève, Switzerland
| | - Jaume Casademunt
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Patteson AE, Gopinath A, Arratia PE. The propagation of active-passive interfaces in bacterial swarms. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5373. [PMID: 30560867 PMCID: PMC6299137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Propagating interfaces are ubiquitous in nature, underlying instabilities and pattern formation in biology and material science. Physical principles governing interface growth are well understood in passive settings; however, our understanding of interfaces in active systems is still in its infancy. Here, we study the evolution of an active-passive interface using a model active matter system, bacterial swarms. We use ultra-violet light exposure to create compact domains of passive bacteria within Serratia marcescens swarms, thereby creating interfaces separating motile and immotile cells. Post-exposure, the boundary re-shapes and erodes due to self-emergent collective flows. We demonstrate that the active-passive boundary acts as a diffuse interface with mechanical properties set by the flow. Intriguingly, interfacial velocity couples to local swarm speed and interface curvature, raising the possibility that an active analogue to classic Gibbs-Thomson-Stefan conditions may control this boundary propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Patteson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Physics Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Arvind Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, 95340, USA
| | - Paulo E Arratia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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35
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Toro-Tapia G, Villaseca S, Beyer A, Roycroft A, Marcellini S, Mayor R, Torrejón M. The Ric-8A/Gα13/FAK signalling cascade controls focal adhesion formation during neural crest cell migration in Xenopus. Development 2018; 145:dev.164269. [PMID: 30297374 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ric-8A is a pleiotropic guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the activation of various heterotrimeric G-protein pathways during adulthood and early development. Here, we sought to determine the downstream effectors of Ric-8A during the migration of the vertebrate cranial neural crest (NC) cells. We show that the Gα13 knockdown phenocopies the Ric-8A morphant condition, causing actin cytoskeleton alteration, protrusion instability, and a strong reduction in the number and dynamics of focal adhesions. In addition, the overexpression of Gα13 is sufficient to rescue Ric-8A-depleted cells. Ric-8A and Gα13 physically interact and colocalize in protrusions of the cells leading edge. The focal adhesion kinase FAK colocalizes and interacts with the endogenous Gα13, and a constitutively active form of Src efficiently rescues the Gα13 morphant phenotype in NC cells. We propose that Ric-8A-mediated Gα13 signalling is required for proper cranial NC cell migration by regulating focal adhesion dynamics and protrusion formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toro-Tapia
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Soraya Villaseca
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Andrea Beyer
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Alice Roycroft
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sylvain Marcellini
- Departamento de Biología Cellular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcela Torrejón
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, Chile
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36
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Coordination of cell migration mediated by site-dependent cell-cell contact. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:10678-10683. [PMID: 30275335 PMCID: PMC6196508 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807543115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL), the repulsive response of cells upon cell-cell contact, has been the predominant paradigm for contact-mediated responses. However, it is difficult for CIL alone to account for the complex behavior of cells within a multicellular environment, where cells often migrate in cohorts such as sheets, clusters, and streams. Although cell-cell adhesion and mechanical interactions play a role, how individual cells coordinate their migration within a multicellular environment remains unclear. Using micropatterned substrates to guide cell migration and manipulate cell-cell contact, we show that contacts between different regions of cells elicit different responses. Repulsive responses were limited to interaction with the head of a migrating cell, while contact with the tail of a neighboring cell promoted migration toward the tail. The latter behavior, termed contact following of locomotion (CFL), required the Wnt signaling pathway. Inhibition of the Wnt pathway disrupted not only CFL but also collective migration of epithelial cells, without affecting the migration of individual cells. In contrast, inhibition of myosin II with blebbistatin disrupted the migration of both individual epithelial cells and collectives. We propose that CFL, in conjunction with CIL, plays a major role in guiding and coordinating cell migration within a multicellular environment.
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37
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Mayr C, Beyreis M, Dobias H, Gaisberger M, Fuchs J, Pichler M, Ritter M, Jakab M, Helm K, Neureiter D, Kiesslich T. Continuous, label-free, 96-well-based determination of cell migration using confluence measurement. Cell Adh Migr 2018; 13:76-82. [PMID: 30295122 PMCID: PMC6527382 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2018.1526612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular migration is essential in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes. Here, we present a protocol for quantitative analysis of migration using confluence detection allowing continuous, non-endpoint measurement with minimal hands-on time under cell incubator conditions. Applicability was tested using substances which enhance (EGF) or inhibit (cytochalasin D, ouabain) migration. Using a gap-closure assay we demonstrate that automated confluence detection monitors cellular migration in the 96-well microplate format. Quantification by % confluence, % cell free-area or % confluence in cell-free area against time, allows detailed analysis of cellular migration. The study describes a practicable approach for continuous, non-endpoint measurement of migration in 96-well microplates and for detailed data analysis, which allows for medium/high-throughput analysis of cellular migration in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mayr
- a Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Department of Internal Medicine I , Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Marlena Beyreis
- a Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,c Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Membrane Physiology (FMMP) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Heidemarie Dobias
- d Gastein Research Institute, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Martin Gaisberger
- d Gastein Research Institute, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,e Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Julia Fuchs
- d Gastein Research Institute, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- f Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine , Medical University Graz , Graz , Austria.,g Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston / TX , USA
| | - Markus Ritter
- a Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,c Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Membrane Physiology (FMMP) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,d Gastein Research Institute, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,e Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation, Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Martin Jakab
- c Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Membrane Physiology (FMMP) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Katharina Helm
- a Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,c Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Membrane Physiology (FMMP) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,h Institute of Pathology , Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- h Institute of Pathology , Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) , Salzburg , Austria.,i Cancer Cluster Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- a Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT) , Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg , Salzburg , Austria.,b Department of Internal Medicine I , Paracelsus Medical University/Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) , Salzburg , Austria
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38
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Leal JI, Villaseca S, Beyer A, Toro-Tapia G, Torrejón M. Ric-8A, a GEF for heterotrimeric G-proteins, controls cranial neural crest cell polarity during migration. Mech Dev 2018; 154:170-178. [PMID: 30016646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest (NC) is a transient embryonic cell population that migrates extensively during development. Ric-8A, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for different Gα subunits regulates cranial NC (CNC) cell migration in Xenopus through a mechanism that still remains to be elucidated. To properly migrate, CNC cells establish an axis of polarization and undergo morphological changes to generate protrusions at the leading edge and retraction of the cell rear. Here, we aim to study the role of Ric-8A in cell polarity during CNC cell migration by examining whether its signaling affects the localization of GTPase activity in Xenopus CNC using GTPase-based probes in live cells and aPKC and Par3 as polarity markers. We show that the levels of Ric-8A are critical during migration and affect the localization of polarity markers and the subcellular localization of GTPase activity, suggesting that Ric-8A, probably through heterotrimeric G-protein signaling, regulates cell polarity during CNC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Leal
- Laboratory of Signaling and Development (LSD), Chile; Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Soraya Villaseca
- Laboratory of Signaling and Development (LSD), Chile; Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Andrea Beyer
- Laboratory of Signaling and Development (LSD), Chile; Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Gabriela Toro-Tapia
- Laboratory of Signaling and Development (LSD), Chile; Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Marcela Torrejón
- Laboratory of Signaling and Development (LSD), Chile; Group for the Study of Developmental Processes (GDeP), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile.
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39
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Koride S, Loza AJ, Sun SX. Epithelial vertex models with active biochemical regulation of contractility can explain organized collective cell motility. APL Bioeng 2018; 2:031906. [PMID: 31069315 PMCID: PMC6324211 DOI: 10.1063/1.5023410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective motions of groups of cells are observed in many biological settings such as embryo development, tissue formation, and cancer metastasis. To effectively model collective cell movement, it is important to incorporate cell specific features such as cell size, cell shape, and cell mechanics, as well as active behavior of cells such as protrusion and force generation, contractile forces, and active biochemical signaling mechanisms that regulate cell behavior. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model of collective cell migration in confluent epithelia based on the vertex modeling approach. We develop a method to compute cell-cell viscous friction based on the vertex model and incorporate RhoGTPase regulation of cortical myosin contraction. Global features of collective cell migration are examined by computing the spatial velocity correlation function. As active cell force parameters are varied, we found rich dynamical behavior. Furthermore, we find that cells exhibit nonlinear phenomena such as contractile waves and vortex formation. Together our work highlights the importance of active behavior of cells in generating collective cell movement. The vertex modeling approach is an efficient and versatile approach to rigorously examine cell motion in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Koride
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Andrew J Loza
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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40
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Abstract
At the edge of a confluent cell layer, cell-free empty space is a cue that can drive directed collective cellular migration. Similarly, contact guidance is also a robust mechanical cue that can drive cell migration. However, it is unclear which of the two effects is stronger, and how each mechanism affects collective migration. To address this question, here we explore the trajectories of cells migrating collectively on a substrate containing micropatterned grooves (10-20 μm in periodicity, 2 μm in height) compared with unpatterned control substrates. Compared with unpatterned controls, the micropatterned substrates attenuated path variance by close to 70% and augmented migration coordination by more than 30%. Together, these results show that contact guidance can play an appreciable role in collective cellular migration. Also, our result can provide insights into tissue repair and regeneration with the remodeling of the connective tissue matrix.
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41
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Camley BA. Collective gradient sensing and chemotaxis: modeling and recent developments. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:223001. [PMID: 29644981 PMCID: PMC6252055 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aabd9f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cells measure a vast variety of signals, from their environment's stiffness to chemical concentrations and gradients; physical principles strongly limit how accurately they can do this. However, when many cells work together, they can cooperate to exceed the accuracy of any single cell. In this topical review, I will discuss the experimental evidence showing that cells collectively sense gradients of many signal types, and the models and physical principles involved. I also propose new routes by which experiments and theory can expand our understanding of these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Camley
- Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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42
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Chepizhko O, Lionetti MC, Malinverno C, Giampietro C, Scita G, Zapperi S, La Porta CAM. From jamming to collective cell migration through a boundary induced transition. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:3774-3782. [PMID: 29713711 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00128f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell monolayers provide an interesting example of active matter, exhibiting a phase transition from flowing to jammed states as they age. Here we report experiments and numerical simulations illustrating how a jammed cellular layer rapidly reverts to a flowing state after a wound. Quantitative comparison between experiments and simulations shows that cells change their self-propulsion and alignment strength so that the system crosses a phase transition line, which we characterize by finite-size scaling in an active particle model. This wound-induced unjamming transition is found to occur generically in epithelial, endothelial and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Chepizhko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 21a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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43
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Jin W, Lo KY, Chou S, McCue SW, Simpson MJ. The role of initial geometry in experimental models of wound closing. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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44
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Putelat T, Recho P, Truskinovsky L. Mechanical stress as a regulator of cell motility. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:012410. [PMID: 29448458 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.012410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The motility of a cell can be triggered or inhibited not only by an applied force but also by a mechanically neutral force couple. This type of loading, represented by an applied stress and commonly interpreted as either squeezing or stretching, can originate from extrinsic interaction of a cell with its neighbors. To quantify the effect of applied stresses on cell motility we use an analytically transparent one-dimensional model accounting for active myosin contraction and induced actin turnover. We show that stretching can polarize static cells and initiate cell motility while squeezing can symmetrize and arrest moving cells. We show further that sufficiently strong squeezing can lead to the loss of cell integrity. The overall behavior of the system depends on the two dimensionless parameters characterizing internal driving (chemical activity) and external loading (applied stress). We construct a phase diagram in this parameter space distinguishing between static, motile, and collapsed states. The obtained results are relevant for the mechanical understanding of contact inhibition and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Putelat
- DEM, Queen's School of Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, United Kingdom
| | - P Recho
- LIPhy, CNRS-UMR 5588, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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45
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Linear array of multi-substrate tracts for simultaneous assessment of cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation. Biotechniques 2017; 63:267-274. [PMID: 29235973 DOI: 10.2144/000114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration, which is central to a wide variety of life processes, involves integration of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with the internal cytoskeleton and motor proteins via receptors spanning the plasma membrane. Cell migration can be induced by a variety of signals, including gradients of external soluble molecules, differences in ECM composition, or electrical gradients. Current in vitro methods to study cell migration only test one substrate at a time. Here, we present a method for assessing cell adhesion, migration, and differentiation in up to 20 different test conditions simultaneously, using only minute amounts of target substrate. Our system, which we call the linear array of multi-substrate cell migration assay (LAMA), has two configurations for direct comparison of one or two cell types in response to an array of ECM constituents under the same culture conditions. This culture model utilizes only nanogram amounts of test substrates and a minimal number of cells, which maximizes the use of limited and expensive test reagents. Moreover, LAMA can also be used for high-throughput screening of potential pharmaceuticals that target ECM-dependent cell behavior and differentiation.
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46
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Chiou K, Collins EMS. Why we need mechanics to understand animal regeneration. Dev Biol 2017; 433:155-165. [PMID: 29179947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are an important contributor to cell fate specification and cell migration during embryonic development in animals. Similarities between embryogenesis and regeneration, particularly with regards to pattern formation and large-scale tissue movements, suggest similarly important roles for physical forces during regeneration. While the influence of the mechanical environment on stem cell differentiation in vitro is being actively exploited in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, comparatively little is known about the role of stresses and strains acting during animal regeneration. In this review, we summarize published work on the role of physical principles and mechanical forces in animal regeneration. Novel experimental techniques aimed at addressing the role of mechanics in embryogenesis have greatly enhanced our understanding at scales from the subcellular to the macroscopic - we believe the time is ripe for the field of regeneration to similarly leverage the tools of the mechanobiological research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Chiou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eva-Maria S Collins
- Physics Department, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Section of Cell&Developmental Biology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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47
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Filippi A, Picot T, Aanei CM, Nagy P, Szöllősi J, Campos L, Ganea C, Mocanu MM. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate alleviates the malignant phenotype in A-431 epidermoid and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 69:584-597. [PMID: 29157036 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1401980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effects of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) in two cancer cell lines, A-431 overexpressing ErbB1 and SK-BR-3, overexpressing ErbB2. EGCG treatment showed dose-dependent collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, changes in nuclear morphology and reduced viability. Flow cytometry data indicated that EGCG partially decreases the phosphorylation of several proteins involved in cell proliferation and survival: pErbB1(Y1173, Y1068), pAkt(S473) and pERK(Y204). EGCG affected the clonogenic growth in both cell lines with an EC50 of 2.5 and 5.4 µM for A-431 and SK-BR-3, respectively. Wound scratch assay demonstrated that EGCG inhibited the healing in dose-dependent manner and the effect was correlated with partial reduction in phosphorylation of pFAK(S910). Our data suggest that EGCG administration might reduce the unfavourable traits, particularly associated with ErbB1/EGFR overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Filippi
- a Department of Biophysics , "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Tiphanie Picot
- b Department of Haematology , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Carmen Mariana Aanei
- b Department of Haematology , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Péter Nagy
- c Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - János Szöllősi
- c Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary.,d MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine , University of Debrecen , Debrecen , Hungary
| | - Lydia Campos
- b Department of Haematology , University Hospital of Saint-Etienne , Saint-Etienne , France
| | - Constanţa Ganea
- a Department of Biophysics , "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
| | - Maria-Magdalena Mocanu
- a Department of Biophysics , "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy , Bucharest , Romania
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48
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Schumacher LJ, Kulesa PM, McLennan R, Baker RE, Maini PK. Multidisciplinary approaches to understanding collective cell migration in developmental biology. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160056. [PMID: 27278647 PMCID: PMC4929938 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mathematical models are becoming increasingly integrated with experimental efforts in the study of biological systems. Collective cell migration in developmental biology is a particularly fruitful application area for the development of theoretical models to predict the behaviour of complex multicellular systems with many interacting parts. In this context, mathematical models provide a tool to assess the consistency of experimental observations with testable mechanistic hypotheses. In this review, we showcase examples from recent years of multidisciplinary investigations of neural crest cell migration. The neural crest model system has been used to study how collective migration of cell populations is shaped by cell–cell interactions, cell–environmental interactions and heterogeneity between cells. The wide range of emergent behaviours exhibited by neural crest cells in different embryonal locations and in different organisms helps us chart out the spectrum of collective cell migration. At the same time, this diversity in migratory characteristics highlights the need to reconcile or unify the array of currently hypothesized mechanisms through the next generation of experimental data and generalized theoretical descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linus J Schumacher
- Mathematics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Department of Life Sciences and Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paul M Kulesa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 60114, USA
| | - Rebecca McLennan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 E 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 60114, USA
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49
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Lin L, Zeng X. Numerical investigation of the role of intercellular interactions on collective epithelial cell migration. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 17:439-448. [PMID: 29094276 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
During collective cell migration, the intercellular forces will significantly affect the collective migratory behaviors. However, the measurement of mechanical stresses exerted at cell-cell junctions is very challenging. A recent experimental observation indicated that the intercellular adhesion sites within a migrating monolayer are subjected to both normal stress exerted perpendicular to cell-cell junction surface and shear stress exerted tangent to cell-cell junction surface. In this study, an interfacial interaction model was proposed to model the intercellular interactions for the first time. The intercellular interaction model-based study of collective epithelial migration revealed that the direction of cell migration velocity has better alignment with the orientation of local principal stress at higher maximum shear stress locations in an epithelial monolayer sheet. Parametric study of the effects of adhesion strength indicated that normal adhesion strength at the cell-cell junction surface has dominated effect on local alignment between the direction of cell velocity vector and the principal stress orientation, while the shear adhesion strength has little effect, which provides compelling evidence to help explain the force transmission via cell-cell junctions between adjacent cells in collective cell motion and provides new insights into "adhesive belt" effects at cell-cell junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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50
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Svensson CM, Medyukhina A, Belyaev I, Al-Zaben N, Figge MT. Untangling cell tracks: Quantifying cell migration by time lapse image data analysis. Cytometry A 2017; 93:357-370. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Magnus Svensson
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
| | - Anna Medyukhina
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
| | - Ivan Belyaev
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Naim Al-Zaben
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
| | - Marc Thilo Figge
- Applied Systems Biology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (HKI); Jena Germany
- Friedrich Schiller University; Jena Germany
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