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Gao J, Li H, Lv H, Cheng X. Mutation of TRPML1 Channel and Pathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Haimeria. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4992-5001. [PMID: 38157120 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, a group of debilitating disorders, have garnered increasing attention due to their escalating prevalence, particularly among aging populations. Alzheimer's disease (AD) reigns as a prominent exemplar within this category, distinguished by its relentless progression of cognitive impairment and the accumulation of aberrant protein aggregates within the intricate landscape of the brain. While the intricate pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has been the subject of extensive investigation, recent scientific inquiry has unveiled a novel player in this complex scenario-transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) channels. This comprehensive review embarks on an exploration of the intricate interplay between TRPML1 channels and neurodegenerative diseases, with an explicit spotlight on Alzheimer's disease. It immerses itself in the intricate molecular mechanisms governing TRPML1 channel functionality and elucidates their profound implications for the well-being of neurons. Furthermore, the review ventures into the realm of therapeutic potential, pondering the possibilities and challenges associated with targeting TRPML1 channels as a promising avenue for the amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders. As we traverse this multifaceted terrain of neurodegeneration and the enigmatic role of TRPML1 channels, we embark on a journey that not only broadens our understanding of the intricate machinery governing neuronal health but also holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic interventions in the relentless battle against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Hua Lv
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Xiansong Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shaanxi, Xi'an, 710068, China.
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2
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Pollmanns MR, Beer J, Rosignol I, Rodriguez-Muela N, Falkenburger BH, Dinter E. Activated Endolysosomal Cation Channel TRPML1 Facilitates Maturation of α-Synuclein-Containing Autophagosomes. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:861202. [PMID: 35875350 PMCID: PMC9296810 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.861202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Protein aggregates are degraded via the autophagy-lysosome pathway and alterations in the lysosomal system leading to the accumulation of pathogenic proteins, including aggregates of α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The importance of the endolysosomal transient receptor potential cation channel, mucolipin subfamily 1 (TRPML1) for the lysosomal function is highlighted by the fact that TRPML1 mutations cause the lysosomal storage disease mucolipidosis type IV. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which activation of TRPML1 affects the degradation of α-synuclein. Methods: As a model of α-synuclein pathology, we expressed the pathogenic A53Tα-synuclein mutant in HEK293T cells. These cells were treated with the synthetic TRPML1 agonist ML-SA1. The amount of α-synuclein protein was determined by immunoblots. The abundance of aggregates and autolysosomal vesicles was determined by fluorescence microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Findings were confirmed by life-cell imaging and by application of ML-SA1 and the TRPML1 antagonist ML-SI3 to human dopaminergic neurons and human stem cell-derived neurons. Results: ML-SA1 reduced the percentage of HEK293T cells with α-synuclein aggregates and the amount of α-synuclein protein. The effect of ML-SA1 was blocked by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of autophagy. Consistent with TRPML function, it required the membrane lipid PI(3,5)P2, and cytosolic calcium. ML-SA1 shifted the composition of autophagosomes towards a higher fraction of mature autolysosomes, also in presence of α-synuclein. In neurons, inhibition of TRPML1 by its antagonist ML-SI3 blocked autophagosomal clearance, whereas the agonist ML-SA1 shifted the composition of a-synuclein particles towards a higher fraction of acidified particles. ML-SA1 was able to override the effect of Bafilomycin A1, which blocks the fusion of the autophagosome and lysosome and its acidification. Conclusion: These findings suggest, that activating TRPML1 with ML-SA1 facilitates clearance of α-synuclein aggregates primarily by affecting the late steps of the autophagy, i.e., by promoting autophagosome maturation. In agreement with recent work by others, our findings indicate that TRPML1 might constitute a plausible therapeutic target for PD, that warrants further validation in rodent models of α-synuclein pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith Beer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ines Rosignol
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Natalia Rodriguez-Muela
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn H. Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
- JARA-Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Forschungsszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Björn H. Falkenburger
| | - Elisabeth Dinter
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Dresden, Germany
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3
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Prashar A, Capurro MI, Jones NL. Under the Radar: Strategies Used by Helicobacter pylori to Evade Host Responses. Annu Rev Physiol 2021; 84:485-506. [PMID: 34672717 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-061121-035930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The body depends on its physical barriers and innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against the constant assault of potentially harmful microbes. In turn, successful pathogens have evolved unique mechanisms to adapt to the host environment and manipulate host defenses. Helicobacter pylori (Hp), a human gastric pathogen that is acquired in childhood and persists throughout life, is an example of a bacterium that is very successful at remodeling the host-pathogen interface to promote a long-term persistent infection. Using a combination of secreted virulence factors, immune subversion, and manipulation of cellular mechanisms, Hp can colonize and persist in the hostile environment of the human stomach. Here, we review the most recent and relevant information regarding how this successful pathogen overcomes gastric epithelial host defense responses to facilitate its own survival and establish a chronic infection. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Physiology, Volume 84 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Prashar
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Mariana I Capurro
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; .,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Canales Coutiño B, Mayor R. Reprint of: Mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203730. [PMID: 34456177 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Canales Coutiño
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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5
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Ritter M, Bresgen N, Kerschbaum HH. From Pinocytosis to Methuosis-Fluid Consumption as a Risk Factor for Cell Death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:651982. [PMID: 34249909 PMCID: PMC8261248 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.651982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The volumes of a cell [cell volume (CV)] and its organelles are adjusted by osmoregulatory processes. During pinocytosis, extracellular fluid volume equivalent to its CV is incorporated within an hour and membrane area equivalent to the cell's surface within 30 min. Since neither fluid uptake nor membrane consumption leads to swelling or shrinkage, cells must be equipped with potent volume regulatory mechanisms. Normally, cells respond to outwardly or inwardly directed osmotic gradients by a volume decrease and increase, respectively, i.e., they shrink or swell but then try to recover their CV. However, when a cell death (CD) pathway is triggered, CV persistently decreases in isotonic conditions in apoptosis and it increases in necrosis. One type of CD associated with cell swelling is due to a dysfunctional pinocytosis. Methuosis, a non-apoptotic CD phenotype, occurs when cells accumulate too much fluid by macropinocytosis. In contrast to functional pinocytosis, in methuosis, macropinosomes neither recycle nor fuse with lysosomes but with each other to form giant vacuoles, which finally cause rupture of the plasma membrane (PM). Understanding methuosis longs for the understanding of the ionic mechanisms of cell volume regulation (CVR) and vesicular volume regulation (VVR). In nascent macropinosomes, ion channels and transporters are derived from the PM. Along trafficking from the PM to the perinuclear area, the equipment of channels and transporters of the vesicle membrane changes by retrieval, addition, and recycling from and back to the PM, causing profound changes in vesicular ion concentrations, acidification, and-most importantly-shrinkage of the macropinosome, which is indispensable for its proper targeting and cargo processing. In this review, we discuss ion and water transport mechanisms with respect to CVR and VVR and with special emphasis on pinocytosis and methuosis. We describe various aspects of the complex mutual interplay between extracellular and intracellular ions and ion gradients, the PM and vesicular membrane, phosphoinositides, monomeric G proteins and their targets, as well as the submembranous cytoskeleton. Our aim is to highlight important cellular mechanisms, components, and processes that may lead to methuotic CD upon their derangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Ritter
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
- Gastein Research Institute, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis und Rehabilitation, Salzburg, Austria
- Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Nikolaus Bresgen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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6
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Saldías MP, Maureira D, Orellana-Serradell O, Silva I, Lavanderos B, Cruz P, Torres C, Cáceres M, Cerda O. TRP Channels Interactome as a Novel Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:621614. [PMID: 34178620 PMCID: PMC8222984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.621614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types worldwide and the first cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Although significant therapeutic advances have been achieved with drugs such as tamoxifen and trastuzumab, breast cancer still caused 627,000 deaths in 2018. Since cancer is a multifactorial disease, it has become necessary to develop new molecular therapies that can target several relevant cellular processes at once. Ion channels are versatile regulators of several physiological- and pathophysiological-related mechanisms, including cancer-relevant processes such as tumor progression, apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, migration, invasion, and chemoresistance. Ion channels are the main regulators of cellular functions, conducting ions selectively through a pore-forming structure located in the plasma membrane, protein–protein interactions one of their main regulatory mechanisms. Among the different ion channel families, the Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) family stands out in the context of breast cancer since several members have been proposed as prognostic markers in this pathology. However, only a few approaches exist to block their specific activity during tumoral progress. In this article, we describe several TRP channels that have been involved in breast cancer progress with a particular focus on their binding partners that have also been described as drivers of breast cancer progression. Here, we propose disrupting these interactions as attractive and potential new therapeutic targets for treating this neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paz Saldías
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Maureira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Octavio Orellana-Serradell
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ian Silva
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Boris Lavanderos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Cruz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Torres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Cáceres
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases (MiNICAD), Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment, and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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7
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Canales Coutiño B, Mayor R. Mechanosensitive ion channels in cell migration. Cells Dev 2021; 166:203683. [PMID: 33994356 PMCID: PMC8240554 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes are initiated and regulated by different stimuli, including mechanical forces. Cell membrane mechanosensors represent the first step towards the conversion of mechanical stimuli to a biochemical or electrical response. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels form a growing family of ion gating channels that respond to direct physical force or plasma membrane deformations. A number of calcium (Ca2+) permeable MS channels are known to regulate the initiation, direction, and persistence of cell migration during development and tumour progression. While the evidence that links individual MS ion channels to cell migration is growing, a unified analysis of the molecular mechanisms regulated downstream of MS ion channel activation is lacking. In this review, we describe the MS ion channel families known to regulate cell migration. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that act downstream of MS ion channels with an emphasis on Ca2+ mediated processes. Finally, we propose the future directions and impact of MS ion channel activity in the field of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Canales Coutiño
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Roberto Mayor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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8
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Vardi A, Pri-Or A, Wigoda N, Grishchuk Y, Futerman AH. Proteomics analysis of a human brain sample from a mucolipidosis type IV patient reveals pathophysiological pathways. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:39. [PMID: 33478506 PMCID: PMC7818904 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-01679-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), an ultra-rare neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations in the MCOLN1 gene, which encodes the late endosomal/lysosomal transient receptor potential channel TRPML1 (mucolipin 1). The precise pathophysiogical pathways that cause neurological disease in MLIV are poorly understood. Recently, the first post-mortem brain sample became available from a single MLIV patient, and in the current study we performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics on this tissue with a view to delineating pathological pathways, and to compare with previously-published data on MLIV, including studies using the Mcoln1−/− mouse. Results A number of pathways were altered in two brain regions from the MLIV patient, including those related to the lysosome, lipid metabolism, myelination, cellular trafficking and autophagy, mTOR and calmodulin, the complement system and interferon signaling. Of these, levels of some proteins not known previously to be associated with MLIV were altered, including APOD, PLIN4, ATG and proteins related to interferon signaling. Moreover, when proteins detected by proteomics in the human brain were compared with their orthologs detected in the Mcoln1−/− mouse by RNAseq, the results were remarkably similar. Finally, analysis of proteins in human and mouse CSF suggest that calbindin 1 and calbindin 2 might be useful as biomarkers to help chart the course of disease development. Conclusions Despite the sample size limitations, our findings are consistent with the relatively general changes in lysosomal function previously reported in MLIV, and shed light on new pathways of disease pathophysiology, which is required in order to understand the course of disease development and to determine the efficacy of therapies when they become available for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Vardi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Pri-Or
- The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- The Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yulia Grishchuk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel.
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9
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Almeida C, Amaral MD. A central role of the endoplasmic reticulum in the cell emerges from its functional contact sites with multiple organelles. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4729-4745. [PMID: 32313974 PMCID: PMC11104799 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03523-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early eukaryotic cells emerged from the compartmentalization of metabolic processes into specific organelles through the development of an endomembrane system (ES), a precursor of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which was essential for their survival. Recently, substantial evidence emerged on how organelles communicate among themselves and with the plasma membrane (PM) through contact sites (CSs). From these studies, the ER-the largest single structure in eukaryotic cells-emerges as a central player communicating with all organelles to coordinate cell functions and respond to external stimuli to maintain cellular homeostasis. Herein we review the functional insights into the ER-CSs with other organelles in a physiological perspective. We hypothesize that, in addition to the primitive role by the ES in the appearance of proto-eukaryotes, its successor-the ER-emerges as the key coordinator of inter-organelle/PM communication. The ER thus appears to be the 'maestro' driving eukaryotic cell evolution by incorporating new functions/organelles, while remaining the real coordinator overarching cellular functions and orchestrating them with the external milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso Almeida
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
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10
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Zuo S, Jiang K, Li D, Yan X, Nie H. Transcriptomic analysis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum under lipopolysaccharide challenge provides molecular insights into immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 106:110-119. [PMID: 32755682 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, is an economically important shellfish in marine aquaculture. A better understanding of the immune system in R. philippinarum will provide the basis for the development of strategies to mitigate the impact of infectious diseases affecting this species but can also be of relevance for other bivalves of commercial interest. In this study, the transcriptional response of the Manila clam under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was characterized using RNA sequencing. The transcriptomes of LPS challenged group of clams (LH1, LH2 and LH3), and the PBS control group (CH1, CH2 and CH3), were sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq platform. Compared with the unigene expression profile of the control group, 223 unigenes were up-regulated and 389 unigenes were down-regulated in the LPS challenged group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that signal transduction, defense response, and immune-related pathways such as Chemokine signaling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and Inflammatory mediator regulation of TRP channels in sensory system were the most highly enriched pathways among the genes that were differentially expressed under LPS challenge. This study present understanding of the molecular basis underpinning response to LPS challenge and provides useful information for future work on the molecular mechanism of pathogen resistance and immunity in Manila clam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Zuo
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Kunyin Jiang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiwu Yan
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Hongtao Nie
- Engineering and Technology Research Center of Shellfish Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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11
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Jezela-Stanek A, Ciara E, Stepien KM. Neuropathophysiology, Genetic Profile, and Clinical Manifestation of Mucolipidosis IV-A Review and Case Series. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124564. [PMID: 32604955 PMCID: PMC7348969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an ultra-rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by biallelic mutations in MCOLN1 gene encoding the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1. So far, 35 pathogenic or likely pathogenic MLIV-related variants have been described. Clinical manifestations include severe intellectual disability, speech deficit, progressive visual impairment leading to blindness, and myopathy. The severity of the condition may vary, including less severe psychomotor delay and/or ocular findings. As no striking recognizable facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, organomegaly, or lysosomal enzyme abnormalities in serum are common features of MLIV, the clinical diagnosis may be significantly improved because of characteristic ophthalmological anomalies. This review aims to outline the pathophysiology and genetic defects of this condition with a focus on the genotype–phenotype correlation amongst cases published in the literature. The authors will present their own clinical observations and long-term outcomes in adult MLIV cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Ciara
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children’s Memorial Heath Institute, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Karolina M. Stepien
- Adult Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Salford M6 8HD, UK
- Correspondence:
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12
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Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapeutic Application for Modulation of Lysosomal Ion Channels and Functions. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030217. [PMID: 32131531 PMCID: PMC7150957 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Applications of nanoparticles in various fields have been addressed. Nanomaterials serve as carriers for transporting conventional drugs or proteins through lysosomes to various cellular targets. The basic function of lysosomes is to trigger degradation of proteins and lipids. Understanding of lysosomal functions is essential for enhancing the efficacy of nanoparticles-mediated therapy and reducing the malfunctions of cellular metabolism. The lysosomal function is modulated by the movement of ions through various ion channels. Thus, in this review, we have focused on the recruited ion channels for lysosomal function, to understand the lysosomal modulation through the nanoparticles and its applications. In the future, lysosomal channels-based targets will expand the therapeutic application of nanoparticles-associated drugs.
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Doñate-Macián P, Enrich-Bengoa J, Dégano IR, Quintana DG, Perálvarez-Marín A. Trafficking of Stretch-Regulated TRPV2 and TRPV4 Channels Inferred Through Interactomics. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120791. [PMID: 31783610 PMCID: PMC6995547 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential cation channels are emerging as important physiological and therapeutic targets. Within the vanilloid subfamily, transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) and 4 (TRPV4) are osmo- and mechanosensors becoming critical determinants in cell structure and activity. However, knowledge is scarce regarding how TRPV2 and TRPV4 are trafficked to the plasma membrane or specific organelles to undergo quality controls through processes such as biosynthesis, anterograde/retrograde trafficking, and recycling. This review lists and reviews a subset of protein–protein interactions from the TRPV2 and TRPV4 interactomes, which is related to trafficking processes such as lipid metabolism, phosphoinositide signaling, vesicle-mediated transport, and synaptic-related exocytosis. Identifying the protein and lipid players involved in trafficking will improve the knowledge on how these stretch-related channels reach specific cellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Doñate-Macián
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain; (P.D.-M.); (J.E.-B.); (D.G.Q.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jennifer Enrich-Bengoa
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain; (P.D.-M.); (J.E.-B.); (D.G.Q.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Irene R. Dégano
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- REGICOR Study Group, Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, IMIM (Hospital Del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - David G. Quintana
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain; (P.D.-M.); (J.E.-B.); (D.G.Q.)
| | - Alex Perálvarez-Marín
- Biophysics Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain; (P.D.-M.); (J.E.-B.); (D.G.Q.)
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallés, Catalonia, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-581-4504
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14
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Lee CA, Blackstone C. ER morphology and endo-lysosomal crosstalk: Functions and disease implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1865:158544. [PMID: 31678515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous endomembrane system comprising the nuclear envelope, ribosome-studded sheets, dense peripheral matrices, and an extensive polygonal network of interconnected tubules. In addition to performing numerous critical cellular functions, the ER makes extensive contacts with other organelles, including endosomes and lysosomes. The molecular and functional characterization of these contacts has advanced significantly over the past several years. These contacts participate in key functions such as cholesterol transfer, endosome tubule fission, and Ca2+ exchange. Disruption of key proteins at these sites can result in often severe diseases, particularly those affecting the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Lee
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Craig Blackstone
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Capurro MI, Greenfield LK, Prashar A, Xia S, Abdullah M, Wong H, Zhong XZ, Bertaux-Skeirik N, Chakrabarti J, Siddiqui I, O'Brien C, Dong X, Robinson L, Peek RM, Philpott DJ, Zavros Y, Helmrath M, Jones NL. VacA generates a protective intracellular reservoir for Helicobacter pylori that is eliminated by activation of the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:1411-1423. [PMID: 31110360 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is a proven carcinogen for gastric cancer. Its virulence factor vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) promotes more severe disease and gastric colonization. VacA, by an unknown mechanism, usurps lysosomal and autophagy pathways to generate a protected reservoir for H. pylori that confers bacterial survival in vitro. Here, we show the existence of a VacA-generated intracellular niche in vivo that protects the bacteria from antibiotic treatment and leads to infection recrudescence after therapy. Furthermore, we report that VacA targets the lysosomal calcium channel TRPML1 to disrupt endolysosomal trafficking and mediate these effects. Remarkably, H. pylori that lack toxigenic VacA colonize enlarged dysfunctional lysosomes in the gastric epithelium of trpml1-null mice, where they are protected from eradication therapy. Furthermore, a small molecule agonist directed against TRPML1 reversed the toxic effects of VacA on endolysosomal trafficking, culminating in the clearance of intracellular bacteria. These results suggest that TRPML1 may represent a therapeutic target for chronic H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I Capurro
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura K Greenfield
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akriti Prashar
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sunny Xia
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Majd Abdullah
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harikesh Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi Zoe Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Nina Bertaux-Skeirik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jayati Chakrabarti
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Iram Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, University of Toronto; The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Catherine O'Brien
- University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xianping Dong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Lisa Robinson
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto; Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Helmrath
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nicola L Jones
- Department of Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Toronto; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, and Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Santoni G, Amantini C. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type-2(TRPV2) Ion Channels in Neurogenesis andGliomagenesis: Cross-Talk between TranscriptionFactors and Signaling Molecules. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030322. [PMID: 30845786 PMCID: PMC6468602 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the finding of cancer stem cells in brain tumors has increased the possibilities for advancing new therapeutic approaches with the aim to overcome the limits of current available treatments. In addition, a role for ion channels, particularly of TRP channels, in developing neurons as well as in brain cancer development and progression have been demonstrated. Herein, we focus on the latest advancements in understanding the role of TRPV2, a Ca2+ permeable channel belonging to the TRPV subfamily in neurogenesis and gliomagenesis. TRPV2 has been found to be expressed in both neural progenitor cells and glioblastoma stem/progenitor-like cells (GSCs). In developing neurons, post-translational modifications of TRPV2 (e.g., phosphorylation by ERK2) are required to stimulate Ca2+ signaling and nerve growth factor-mediated neurite outgrowth. TRPV2 overexpression also promotes GSC differentiation and reduces gliomagenesis in vitro and in vivo. In glioblastoma, TRPV2 inhibits survival and proliferation, and induces Fas/CD95-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, by proteomic analysis, the identification of a TRPV2 interactome-based signature and its relation to glioblastoma progression/recurrence, high or low overall survival and drug resistance strongly suggest an important role of the TRPV2 channel as a potential biomarker in glioblastoma prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy.
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17
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Boudewyn LC, Walkley SU. Current concepts in the neuropathogenesis of mucolipidosis type IV. J Neurochem 2019; 148:669-689. [PMID: 29770442 PMCID: PMC6239999 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is an autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder causing progressively severe intellectual disability, motor and speech deficits, retinal degeneration often culminating in blindness, and systemic disease causing a shortened lifespan. MLIV results from mutations in the gene MCOLN1 encoding the transient receptor potential channel mucolipin-1. It is an ultra-rare disease and is currently known to affect just over 100 diagnosed individuals. The last decade has provided a wealth of research focused on understanding the role of the enigmatic mucolipin-1 protein in cell and brain function and how its absence causes disease. This review explores our current understanding of the mucolipin-1 protein in relation to neuropathogenesis in MLIV and describes recent findings implicating mucolipin-1's important role in mechanistic target of rapamycin and TFEB (transcription factor EB) signaling feedback loops as well as in the function of the greater endosomal/lysosomal system. In addition to addressing the vital role of mucolipin-1 in the brain, we also report new data on the question of whether haploinsufficiency as would be anticipated in MCOLN1 heterozygotes is associated with any evidence of neuron dysfunction or disease. Greater insights into the role of mucolipin-1 in the nervous system can be expected to shed light not only on MLIV disease but also on numerous processes governing normal brain function. This article is part of the Special Issue "Lysosomal Storage Disorders".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Boudewyn
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Steven U. Walkley
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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18
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Gallelli CA, Calcagnini S, Romano A, Koczwara JB, de Ceglia M, Dante D, Villani R, Giudetti AM, Cassano T, Gaetani S. Modulation of the Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation by Endocannabinoids and Their Lipid Analogues. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:E93. [PMID: 30021985 PMCID: PMC6070960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7070093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the pivotal role played by oxidative stress in tissue injury development, thus resulting in several pathologies including cardiovascular, renal, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders, all characterized by an altered oxidative status. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation-derived reactive aldehydes including acrolein, malondialdehyde, and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, among others, are the main responsible for cellular and tissue damages occurring in redox-dependent processes. In this scenario, a link between the endocannabinoid system (ECS) and redox homeostasis impairment appears to be crucial. Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, the best characterized endocannabinoids, are able to modulate the activity of several antioxidant enzymes through targeting the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 as well as additional receptors such as the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, and the orphan G protein-coupled receptors 18 and 55. Moreover, the endocannabinoids lipid analogues N-acylethanolamines showed to protect cell damage and death from reactive aldehydes-induced oxidative stress by restoring the intracellular oxidants-antioxidants balance. In this review, we will provide a better understanding of the main mechanisms triggered by the cross-talk between the oxidative stress and the ECS, focusing also on the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants as scavengers of reactive aldehydes and their toxic bioactive adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Anna Gallelli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Silvio Calcagnini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Justyna Barbara Koczwara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa de Ceglia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donatella Dante
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Villani
- C.U.R.E. University Centre for Liver Disease Research and Treatment, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Institute of Internal Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Silvana Gaetani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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19
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Phagocytosis depends on TRPV2-mediated calcium influx and requires TRPV2 in lipids rafts: alteration in macrophages from patients with cystic fibrosis. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523858 PMCID: PMC5844937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas many phagocytosis steps involve ionic fluxes, the underlying ion channels remain poorly defined. As reported in mice, the calcium conducting TRPV2 channel impacts the phagocytic process. Macrophage phagocytosis is critical for defense against pathogens. In cystic fibrosis (CF), macrophages have lost their capacity to act as suppressor cells and thus play a significant role in the initiating stages leading to chronic inflammation/infection. In a previous study, we demonstrated that impaired function of CF macrophages is due to a deficient phagocytosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate TRPV2 role in the phagocytosis capacity of healthy primary human macrophage by studying its activity, its membrane localization and its recruitment in lipid rafts. In primary human macrophages, we showed that P. aeruginosa recruits TRPV2 channels at the cell surface and induced a calcium influx required for bacterial phagocytosis. We presently demonstrate that to be functional and play a role in phagocytosis, TRPV2 might require a preferential localization in lipid rafts. Furthermore, CF macrophage displays a perturbed calcium homeostasis due to a defect in TRPV2. In this context, deregulated TRPV2-signaling in CF macrophages could explain their defective phagocytosis capacity that contribute to the maintenance of chronic infection.
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20
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Rinkenberger N, Schoggins JW. Mucolipin-2 Cation Channel Increases Trafficking Efficiency of Endocytosed Viruses. mBio 2018; 9:e02314-17. [PMID: 29382735 PMCID: PMC5790917 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02314-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a cellular process commonly hijacked by viruses to enter cells. The stages of entry are well described for certain viruses, but the host factors that mediate each step are less well characterized. We previously identified endosomal cation channel mucolipin-2 (MCOLN2) as a host factor that promotes viral infection. Here, we assign a role for MCOLN2 in modulating viral entry. We show that MCOLN2 specifically promotes viral vesicular trafficking and subsequent escape from endosomal compartments. This mechanism requires channel activity, occurs independently of antiviral signaling, and broadly applies to enveloped RNA viruses that require transport to late endosomes for infection, including influenza A virus, yellow fever virus, and Zika virus. We further identify a rare allelic variant of human MCOLN2 that has a loss-of-function phenotype with respect to viral enhancement. These findings establish a mechanistic link between an endosomal cation channel and late stages of viral entry.IMPORTANCE Viruses must co-opt cellular processes to complete their life cycle. To enter cells, viruses frequently take advantage of cellular receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways. A growing number of host proteins are implicated in these viral uptake pathways. Here, we describe a new role for the gated cation channel MCOLN2 in viral entry. This endosomal protein modulates viral entry by enhancing the efficiency of viral trafficking through the endosomal system. Thus, MCOLN2-mediated enhancement of infection may represent a key vulnerability in the viral life cycle that could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rinkenberger
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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21
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Carreras-Sureda A, Pihán P, Hetz C. Calcium signaling at the endoplasmic reticulum: fine-tuning stress responses. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:24-31. [PMID: 29054537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium signaling is implicated in a myriad of coordinated cellular processes. The ER calcium content is tightly regulated as it allows a favorable environment for protein folding, in addition to operate as a major reservoir for fast and specific release of calcium. Altered ER homeostasis impacts protein folding, activating the unfolded protein response (UPR) as a rescue mechanism to restore proteostasis. ER calcium release impacts mitochondrial metabolism and also fine-tunes the threshold to undergo apoptosis under chronic stress. The global coordination between UPR signaling and energetic demands takes place at mitochondrial associated membranes (MAMs), specialized subdomains mediating interorganelle communication. Here we discuss current models explaining the functional relationship between ER homeostasis and various cellular responses to coordinate proteostasis and metabolic maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Philippe Pihán
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Chile; Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Reddish FN, Miller CL, Gorkhali R, Yang JJ. Calcium Dynamics Mediated by the Endoplasmic/Sarcoplasmic Reticulum and Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1024. [PMID: 28489021 PMCID: PMC5454937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The flow of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) is critical for the activation and regulation of important biological events that are required in living organisms. As the major Ca2+ repositories inside the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of muscle cells are central in maintaining and amplifying the intracellular Ca2+ signal. The morphology of these organelles, along with the distribution of key calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs), regulatory proteins, pumps, and receptors fundamentally impact the local and global differences in Ca2+ release kinetics. In this review, we will discuss the structural and morphological differences between the ER and SR and how they influence localized Ca2+ release, related diseases, and the need for targeted genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) to study these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence N Reddish
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Rakshya Gorkhali
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
| | - Jenny J Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics (CDT), Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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23
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Lyon K, Adams A, Piva M, Asghari P, Moore ED, Vogl AW. Ca2+ signaling machinery is present at intercellular junctions and structures associated with junction turnover in rat Sertoli cells†. Biol Reprod 2017; 96:1288-1302. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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24
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Davey RA, Shtanko O, Anantpadma M, Sakurai Y, Chandran K, Maury W. Mechanisms of Filovirus Entry. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 411:323-352. [PMID: 28601947 DOI: 10.1007/82_2017_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Filovirus entry into cells is complex, perhaps as complex as any viral entry mechanism identified to date. However, over the past 10 years, the important events required for filoviruses to enter into the endosomal compartment and fuse with vesicular membranes have been elucidated (Fig. 1). Here, we highlight the important steps that are required for productive entry of filoviruses into mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Davey
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - O Shtanko
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - M Anantpadma
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y Sakurai
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - K Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - W Maury
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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25
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Optochemokine Tandem for Light-Control of Intracellular Ca2. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165344. [PMID: 27768773 PMCID: PMC5074463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
An optochemokine tandem was developed to control the release of calcium from endosomes into the cytosol by light and to analyze the internalization kinetics of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by electrophysiology. A previously constructed rhodopsin tandem was re-engineered to combine the light-gated Ca2+-permeable cation channel Channelrhodopsin-2(L132C), CatCh, with the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in a functional tandem protein tCXCR4/CatCh. The GPCR was used as a shuttle protein to displace CatCh from the plasma membrane into intracellular areas. As shown by patch-clamp measurements and confocal laser scanning microscopy, heterologously expressed tCXCR4/CatCh was internalized via the endocytic SDF1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. The kinetics of internalization could be followed electrophysiologically via the amplitude of the CatCh signal. The light-induced release of Ca2+ by tandem endosomes into the cytosol via CatCh was visualized using the Ca2+-sensitive dyes rhod2 and rhod2-AM showing an increase of intracellular Ca2+ in response to light.
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Autophagosome-lysosome fusion triggers a lysosomal response mediated by TLR9 and controlled by OCRL. Nat Cell Biol 2016; 18:839-850. [PMID: 27398910 PMCID: PMC5040511 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PtdIns) control fundamental cell processes, and inherited defects of PtdIns kinases or phosphatases cause severe human diseases, including Lowe syndrome due to mutations in OCRL, which encodes a PtdIns(4,5)P2 5-phosphatase. Here we unveil a lysosomal response to the arrival of autophagosomal cargo in which OCRL plays a key part. We identify mitochondrial DNA and TLR9 as the cargo and the receptor that triggers and mediates, respectively, this response. This lysosome-cargo response is required to sustain the autophagic flux and involves a local increase in PtdIns(4,5)P2 that is confined in space and time by OCRL. Depleting or inhibiting OCRL leads to an accumulation of lysosomal PtdIns(4,5)P2, an inhibitor of the calcium channel mucolipin-1 that controls autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Hence, autophagosomes accumulate in OCRL-depleted cells and in the kidneys of Lowe syndrome patients. Importantly, boosting the activity of mucolipin-1 with selective agonists restores the autophagic flux in cells from Lowe syndrome patients.
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Onyenwoke RU, Brenman JE. Lysosomal Storage Diseases-Regulating Neurodegeneration. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 9:81-91. [PMID: 27081317 PMCID: PMC4822725 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a complex pathway regulated by numerous signaling events that recycles macromolecules and can be perturbed in lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). The concept of LSDs, which are characterized by aberrant, excessive storage of cellular material in lysosomes, developed following the discovery of an enzyme deficiency as the cause of Pompe disease in 1963. Great strides have since been made in better understanding the biology of LSDs. Defective lysosomal storage typically occurs in many cell types, but the nervous system, including the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system, is particularly vulnerable to LSDs, being affected in two-thirds of LSDs. This review provides a summary of some of the better characterized LSDs and the pathways affected in these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob U Onyenwoke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jay E Brenman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.; Neuroscience Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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28
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Phillips MJ, Voeltz GK. Structure and function of ER membrane contact sites with other organelles. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 17:69-82. [PMID: 26627931 DOI: 10.1038/nrm.2015.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 645] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in the cell, and its functions have been studied for decades. The past several years have provided novel insights into the existence of distinct domains between the ER and other organelles, known as membrane contact sites (MCSs). At these contact sites, organelle membranes are closely apposed and tethered, but do not fuse. Here, various protein complexes can work in concert to perform specialized functions such as binding, sensing and transferring molecules, as well as engaging in organelle biogenesis and dynamics. This Review describes the structure and functions of MCSs, primarily focusing on contacts of the ER with mitochondria and endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Phillips
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Gia K Voeltz
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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29
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Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic compartments filled with more than 60 different types of hydrolases. They mediate the degradation of extracellular particles from endocytosis and of intracellular components from autophagy. The digested products are transported out of the lysosome via specific catabolite exporters or via vesicular membrane trafficking. Lysosomes also contain more than 50 membrane proteins and are equipped with the machinery to sense nutrient availability, which determines the distribution, number, size, and activity of lysosomes to control the specificity of cargo flux and timing (the initiation and termination) of degradation. Defects in degradation, export, or trafficking result in lysosomal dysfunction and lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). Lysosomal channels and transporters mediate ion flux across perimeter membranes to regulate lysosomal ion homeostasis, membrane potential, catabolite export, membrane trafficking, and nutrient sensing. Dysregulation of lysosomal channels underlies the pathogenesis of many LSDs and possibly that of metabolic and common neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
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30
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Calcium signaling in membrane repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 45:24-31. [PMID: 26519113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resealing allows cells to mend damaged membranes rapidly when plasma membrane (PM) disruptions occur. Models of PM repair mechanisms include the "lipid-patch", "endocytic removal", and "macro-vesicle shedding" models, all of which postulate a dependence on local increases in intracellular Ca(2+) at injury sites. Multiple calcium sensors, including synaptotagmin (Syt) VII, dysferlin, and apoptosis-linked gene-2 (ALG-2), are involved in PM resealing, suggesting that Ca(2+) may regulate multiple steps of the repair process. Although earlier studies focused exclusively on external Ca(2+), recent studies suggest that Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores may also be important for PM resealing. Hence, depending on injury size and the type of injury, multiple sources of Ca(2+) may be recruited to trigger and orchestrate repair processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which the resealing process is promoted by vesicular Ca(2+) channels and Ca(2+) sensors that accumulate at damage sites.
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31
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Sun L, Hua Y, Vergarajauregui S, Diab HI, Puertollano R. Novel Role of TRPML2 in the Regulation of the Innate Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4922-32. [PMID: 26432893 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TRPMLs (or mucolipins) constitute a family of endosomal cation channels with homology to the transient receptor potential superfamily. In mammals, the TRPML family includes three members: TRPML1-3. Although TRPML1 and TRPML3 have been well characterized, the cellular function of TRPML2 has remained elusive. To address TRPML2 function in a physiologically relevant cell type, we first analyzed TRPML2 expression in different mouse tissues and organs and found that it was predominantly expressed in lymphoid organs and kidney. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed tight regulation of TRPML2 at the transcriptional level. Although TRPML2 expression was negligible in resting macrophages, TRPML2 mRNA and protein levels dramatically increased in response to TLR activation both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, TRPML1 and TRPML3 levels did not change upon TLR activation. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that endogenous TRPML2 primarily localized to recycling endosomes both in culture and primary cells, in contrast with TRPML1 and TRPML3, which distribute to the late and early endosomal pathway, respectively. To better understand the in vivo function of TRPML2, we generated a TRPML2-knockout mouse. We found that the production of several chemokines, in particular CCL2, was severely reduced in TRPML2-knockout mice. Furthermore, TRPML2-knockout mice displayed impaired recruitment of peripheral macrophages in response to i.p. injections of LPS or live bacteria, suggesting a potential defect in the immune response. Overall, our study reveals interesting differences in the regulation and distribution of the members of the TRPML family and identifies a novel role for TRPML2 in the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Sun
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yinan Hua
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Silvia Vergarajauregui
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Heba I Diab
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Nerve Growth Factor Regulates Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 2 via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling To Enhance Neurite Outgrowth in Developing Neurons. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:4238-52. [PMID: 26416880 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00549-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurite outgrowth is key to the formation of functional circuits during neuronal development. Neurotrophins, including nerve growth factor (NGF), increase neurite outgrowth in part by altering the function and expression of Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels. Here we report that transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) is an intracellular Ca(2+)-permeable TRPV channel upregulated by NGF via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to augment neurite outgrowth. TRPV2 colocalized with Rab7, a late endosome protein, in addition to TrkA and activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in neurites, indicating that the channel is closely associated with signaling endosomes. In line with these results, we showed that TRPV2 acts as an ERK substrate and identified the motifs necessary for phosphorylation of TRPV2 by ERK. Furthermore, neurite length, TRPV2 expression, and TRPV2-mediated Ca(2+) signals were reduced by mutagenesis of these key ERK phosphorylation sites. Based on these findings, we identified a previously uncharacterized mechanism by which ERK controls TRPV2-mediated Ca(2+) signals in developing neurons and further establish TRPV2 as a critical intracellular ion channel in neuronal function.
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Mirabelli-Badenier M, Severino M, Tappino B, Tortora D, Camia F, Zanaboni C, Brera F, Priolo E, Rossi A, Biancheri R, Di Rocco M, Filocamo M. A novel homozygous MCOLN1 double mutant allele leading to TRP channel domain ablation underlies Mucolipidosis IV in an Italian Child. Metab Brain Dis 2015; 30:681-6. [PMID: 25156245 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9612-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV) is a very rare disorder of late endosome/lysosome transport, characterized by neurodevelopmental abnormalities and progressive visual impairment owing to corneal clouding and retinal dystrophy. Greater than 70 % of MLIV patients are of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry. Here we report a novel MCOLN1double mutant allele [c.395_397delCTG;c.468_474dupTTGGACC] which introduces a premature stop codon [p.Ala132del; p.Asn159LeufsX27] leading to almost complete abrogation of the region coding mucolipin-1, a member of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel family. The genomic lesion was identified in homozygous state, in a non-Jewish Italian MLIV patient, who also presented abnormal serum gastrin levels. Conventional and advanced MRI sequences, including diffusion tensor imaging and tractography, were used for the assessment of white matter involvement in the patient.
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34
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Molinari G. Is hydrogen ion (H(+)) the real second messenger in calcium signalling? Cell Signal 2015; 27:1392-7. [PMID: 25843778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most second messengers have the acknowledged ability to mobilize the segregated Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, although the mechanisms of mobilization are unclear. To study this problem, the fact that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and six other known endogenous Ca(2+) mobilizers are acids, or acid-generating compounds, is highlighted. In physiological conditions, a newly generated acid releases H(+). The transient rise of H(+) in the cytosol may induce the lowering of pH, mobilization of bound Ca(2+), protein conformational rearrangement, store depletion, and Ca(2+) influx. Accordingly, a new description of the basic mechanism for signal transduction in non-excitable cells and the related consequences is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Molinari
- Biochemical Specialist at Molinari Giuliano, Via Agrigento 56, 37138 Verona Italy.
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35
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Kornilova ES. Receptor-mediated endocytosis and cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:865-78. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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TPC1 has two variant isoforms, and their removal has different effects on endo-lysosomal functions compared to loss of TPC2. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3981-92. [PMID: 25135478 PMCID: PMC4386455 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00113-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organelle ion homeostasis within the endo-lysosomal system is critical for physiological functions. Two-pore channels (TPCs) are cation channels that reside in endo-lysosomal organelles, and overexpression results in endo-lysosomal trafficking defects. However, the impact of a lack of TPC expression on endo-lysosomal trafficking is unknown. Here, we characterize Tpcn1 expression in two transgenic mouse lines (Tpcn1XG716 and Tpcn1T159) and show expression of a novel evolutionarily conserved Tpcn1B transcript from an alternative promoter, raising important questions regarding the status of Tpcn1 expression in mice recently described to be Tpcn1 knockouts. We show that the transgenic Tpcn1T159 line lacks expression of both Tpcn1 isoforms in all tissues analyzed. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Tpcn1−/− and Tpcn2−/− animals, we show that a lack of Tpcn1 or Tpcn2 expression has no significant impact on resting endo-lysosomal pH or morphology. However, differential effects in endo-lysosomal function were observed upon the loss of Tpcn1 or Tpcn2 expression; thus, while Tpcn1−/− MEFs have impaired trafficking of cholera toxin from the plasma membrane to the Golgi apparatus, Tpcn2−/− MEFs show slower kinetics of ligand-induced platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) degradation, which is dependent on trafficking to lysosomes. Our findings indicate that TPC1 and TPC2 have important but distinct roles in the endo-lysosomal pathway.
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37
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Nilius B, Szallasi A. Transient Receptor Potential Channels as Drug Targets: From the Science of Basic Research to the Art of Medicine. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 66:676-814. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.008268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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38
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Brignone MS, Lanciotti A, Visentin S, De Nuccio C, Molinari P, Camerini S, Diociaiuti M, Petrini S, Minnone G, Crescenzi M, Laudiero LB, Bertini E, Petrucci TC, Ambrosini E. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts protein-1 modulates endosomal pH and protein trafficking in astrocytes: relevance to MLC disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 66:1-18. [PMID: 24561067 PMCID: PMC4003525 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a rare leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the gene encoding MLC1, a membrane protein mainly expressed in astrocytes in the central nervous system. Although MLC1 function is unknown, evidence is emerging that it may regulate ion fluxes. Using biochemical and proteomic approaches to identify MLC1 interactors and elucidate MLC1 function we found that MLC1 interacts with the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase), the proton pump that regulates endosomal acidity. Because we previously showed that in intracellular organelles MLC1 directly binds Na, K-ATPase, which controls endosomal pH, we studied MLC1 endosomal localization and trafficking and MLC1 effects on endosomal acidity and function using human astrocytoma cells overexpressing wild-type (WT) MLC1 or MLC1 carrying pathological mutations. We found that WT MLC1 is abundantly expressed in early (EEA1(+), Rab5(+)) and recycling (Rab11(+)) endosomes and uses the latter compartment to traffic to the plasma membrane during hyposmotic stress. We also showed that WT MLC1 limits early endosomal acidification and influences protein trafficking in astrocytoma cells by stimulating protein recycling, as revealed by FITC-dextran measurement of endosomal pH and transferrin protein recycling assay, respectively. WT MLC1 also favors recycling to the plasma-membrane of the TRPV4 cation channel which cooperates with MLC1 to activate calcium influx in astrocytes during hyposmotic stress. Although MLC disease-causing mutations differentially affect MLC1 localization and trafficking, all the mutated proteins fail to influence endosomal pH and protein recycling. This study demonstrates that MLC1 modulates endosomal pH and protein trafficking suggesting that alteration of these processes contributes to MLC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Brignone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Angela Lanciotti
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Visentin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paola Molinari
- Department of Pharmacology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Serena Camerini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Diociaiuti
- Department of Technology and Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Research Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Gaetana Minnone
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Research Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Crescenzi
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Bracci Laudiero
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Research Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Via del Fosso Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesù Pediatric Research Hospital, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy.
| | - Tamara C Petrucci
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Elena Ambrosini
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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McCormick NH, Hennigar SR, Kiselyov K, Kelleher SL. The biology of zinc transport in mammary epithelial cells: implications for mammary gland development, lactation, and involution. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2014; 19:59-71. [PMID: 24338187 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-013-9314-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays a critical role in a vast array of cellular functions including gene transcription, protein translation, cell proliferation, differentiation, bioenergetics, and programmed cell death. The mammary gland depends upon tight coordination of these processes during development and reproduction for optimal expansion, differentiation, and involution. For example, zinc is required for activation of matrix metalloproteinases, intracellular signaling cascades such as MAPK and PKC, and the activation of both mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and lysosomal-mediated cell death. In addition to functional needs, during lactation the mammary gland must balance providing optimal zinc for cellular requirements with the need to secrete a substantial amount of zinc into milk to meet the requirements of the developing neonate. Finally, the mammary gland exhibits the most profound example of programmed cell death, which is driven by both apoptotic and lysosomal-mediated cell death. Two families of zinc-specific transporters regulate zinc delivery for these diverse functions. Members of the ZIP family of zinc transporters (ZIP1-14) import zinc into the cytoplasm from outside the cell or from subcellular organelles, while members of the ZnT family (ZnT1-10) export zinc from the cytoplasm. Recently, the ion channel transient receptor potential mucolipin 1 (TRPML1) has also been implicated in zinc transport. Herein, we review our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which mammary epithelial cells utilize zinc with a focus on the transport of zinc into discrete subcellular organelles for specific cellular functions during mammary gland development, lactation, and involution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas H McCormick
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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40
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Arakel EC, Brandenburg S, Uchida K, Zhang H, Lin YW, Kohl T, Schrul B, Sulkin MS, Efimov IR, Nichols CG, Lehnart SE, Schwappach B. Tuning the electrical properties of the heart by differential trafficking of KATP ion channel complexes. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2106-19. [PMID: 24569881 PMCID: PMC4004980 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.141440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The copy number of membrane proteins at the cell surface is tightly regulated. Many ion channels and receptors present retrieval motifs to COPI vesicle coats and are retained in the early secretory pathway. In some cases, the interaction with COPI is prevented by binding to 14-3-3 proteins. However, the functional significance of this antagonism between COPI and 14-3-3 in terminally differentiated cells is unknown. Here, we show that ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels, which are composed of Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunits, are stalled in the Golgi complex of ventricular, but not atrial, cardiomyocytes. Upon sustained β-adrenergic stimulation, which leads to activation of protein kinase A (PKA), SUR1-containing channels reach the plasma membrane of ventricular cells. We show that PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the C-terminus of Kir6.2 decreases binding to COPI and, thereby, silences the arginine-based retrieval signal. Thus, activation of the sympathetic nervous system releases this population of KATP channels from storage in the Golgi and, hence, might facilitate the adaptive response to metabolic challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Arakel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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41
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Liberati S, Morelli MB, Amantini C, Farfariello V, Santoni M, Conti A, Nabissi M, Cascinu S, Santoni G. Loss of TRPV2 Homeostatic Control of Cell Proliferation Drives Tumor Progression. Cells 2014; 3:112-28. [PMID: 24709905 PMCID: PMC3980744 DOI: 10.3390/cells3010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we evaluate the involvement of the TRPV2 channel, belonging to the Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid channel family (TRPVs), in development and progression of different tumor types. In normal cells, the activation of TRPV2 channels by growth factors, hormones, and endocannabinoids induces a translocation of the receptor from the endosomal compartment to the plasma membrane, which results in abrogation of cell proliferation and induction of cell death. Consequently, loss or inactivation of TRPV2 signaling (e.g., glioblastomas), induces unchecked proliferation, resistance to apoptotic signals and increased resistance to CD95-induced apoptotic cell death. On the other hand, in prostate cancer cells, Ca2+-dependent activation of TRPV2 induced by lysophospholipids increases the invasion of tumor cells. In addition, the progression of prostate cancer to the castration-resistant phenotype is characterized by de novo TRPV2 expression, with higher TRPV2 transcript levels in patients with metastatic cancer. Finally, TRPV2 functional expression in tumor cells can also depend on the presence of alternative splice variants of TRPV2 mRNA that act as dominant-negative mutant of wild-type TRPV2 channels, by inhibiting its trafficking and translocation to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, as TRP channels are altered in human cancers, and their blockage impair tumor progression, they appear to be a very promising targets for early diagnosis and chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Liberati
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, P.zza dei Costanti, 63032, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, P.zza dei Costanti, 63032, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, P.zza dei Costanti, 63032, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Valerio Farfariello
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, P.zza dei Costanti, 63032, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Conti
- Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, P.zza dei Costanti, 63032, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Medical Oncology, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, P.zza dei Costanti, 63032, Camerino, Macerata, Italy.
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42
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Martina JA, Diab HI, Li H, Puertollano R. Novel roles for the MiTF/TFE family of transcription factors in organelle biogenesis, nutrient sensing, and energy homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:2483-97. [PMID: 24477476 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The MiTF/TFE family of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors includes MITF, TFEB, TFE3, and TFEC. The involvement of some family members in the development and proliferation of specific cell types, such as mast cells, osteoclasts, and melanocytes, is well established. Notably, recent evidence suggests that the MiTF/TFE family plays a critical role in organelle biogenesis, nutrient sensing, and energy metabolism. The MiTF/TFE family is also implicated in human disease. Mutations or aberrant expression of most MiTF/TFE family members has been linked to different types of cancer. At the same time, they have recently emerged as novel and very promising targets for the treatment of neurological and lysosomal diseases. The characterization of this fascinating family of transcription factors is greatly expanding our understanding of how cells synchronize environmental signals, such as nutrient availability, with gene expression, energy production, and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Martina
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 50/3537, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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Abstract
The first member of the mammalian mucolipin TRP channel subfamily (TRPML1) is a cation-permeable channel that is predominantly localized on the membranes of late endosomes and lysosomes (LELs) in all mammalian cell types. In response to the regulatory changes of LEL-specific phosphoinositides or other cellular cues, TRPML1 may mediate the release of Ca(2+) and heavy metal Fe(2+)/Zn(2+)ions into the cytosol from the LEL lumen, which in turn may regulate membrane trafficking events (fission and fusion), signal transduction, and ionic homeostasis in LELs. Human mutations in TRPML1 result in type IV mucolipidosis (ML-IV), a childhood neurodegenerative lysosome storage disease. At the cellular level, loss-of-function mutations of mammalian TRPML1 or its C. elegans or Drosophila homolog gene results in lysosomal trafficking defects and lysosome storage. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances in our understandings of the cell biological and channel functions of TRPML1. Studies on TRPML1's channel properties and its regulation by cellular activities may provide clues for developing new therapeutic strategies to delay neurodegeneration in ML-IV and other lysosome-related pediatric diseases.
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Lockwood TD. Lysosomal metal, redox and proton cycles influencing the CysHis cathepsin reaction. Metallomics 2013; 5:110-24. [PMID: 23302864 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the 1930's pioneers discovered that maximal autolysis in tissue homogenates requires metal chelator, sulfhydryl reducing agent and acid pH. However, metals, reducing equivalents and protons (MR&P) have been overlooked as combined catalytic controls. Three categories of lysosomal machinery drive three distinguishable cycles importing and exporting MR&P. Zn(2+) preemptively inhibits CysHis catalysis under otherwise optimal protonation and reduction. Protein-bound cell Zn(2+) concentration is 200-2000 times the non-sequestered inhibitory concentration. Following autophagy, lysosomal proteolysis liberates much inhibitory Zn(2+). The vacuolar proton pump is the driving force for Zn(2+) export, as well as protonation of the peptidolytic mechanism. Other machinery of lysosomal cycles includes proton-driven Zn(2+) exporters (e.g. SLC11A1), Zn(2+) channels (e.g. TRPML-1), lysosomal thiol reductase, etc. The CysHis dyad is a sensor of the vacuolar environment of MR&P, an integrator of these simultaneous variables, and a catalytic responder. Rate-determination can shift between autophagic substrate acquisition (swallowing) and substrate degradation (digesting). Zn(2+) recycling from degraded proteins to new proteins is a fourth cycle that might pace lysosomal function under some conditions. Heritable insufficient or excess functions of CysHis cathepsins are associated with dysfunctional inflammation and immunity/auto-immunity, including diabetic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Lockwood
- Dept. of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA.
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Santoni G, Farfariello V, Liberati S, Morelli MB, Nabissi M, Santoni M, Amantini C. The role of transient receptor potential vanilloid type-2 ion channels in innate and adaptive immune responses. Front Immunol 2013; 4:34. [PMID: 23420671 PMCID: PMC3572502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid type-2 (TRPV2), belonging to the transient receptor potential channel family, is a specialized ion channel expressed in human and other mammalian immune cells. This channel has been found to be expressed in CD34(+) hematopoietic stem cells, where its cytosolic Ca(2) (+) activity is crucial for stem/progenitor cell cycle progression, growth, and differentiation. In innate immune cells, TRPV2 is expressed in granulocytes, macrophages, and monocytes where it stimulates fMet-Leu-Phe migration, zymosan-, immunoglobulin G-, and complement-mediated phagocytosis, and lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 production. In mast cells, activation of TRPV2 allows intracellular Ca(2) (+) ions flux, thus stimulating protein kinase A-dependent degranulation. In addition, TRPV2 is highly expressed in CD56(+) natural killer cells. TRPV2 orchestrates Ca(2) (+) signal in T cell activation, proliferation, and effector functions. Moreover, messenger RNA for TRPV2 are expressed in CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Finally, TRPV2 is expressed in CD19(+) B lymphocytes where it regulates Ca(2) (+) release during B cell development and activation. Overall, the specific expression of TRPV2 in immune cells suggests a role in immune-mediated diseases and offers new potential targets for immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Section of Experimental Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino Camerino, Italy
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46
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Abstract
Luminal acidification is of pivotal importance for the physiology of the secretory and endocytic pathways and its diverse trafficking events. Acidification by the proton-pumping V-ATPase requires charge compensation by counterion currents that are commonly attributed to chloride. The molecular identification of intracellular chloride transporters and the improvement of methodologies for measuring intraorganellar pH and chloride have facilitated the investigation of the physiology of vesicular chloride transport. New data question the requirement of chloride for pH regulation of various organelles and furthermore ascribe functions to chloride that are beyond merely electrically shunting the proton pump. This review surveys the currently established and proposed intracellular chloride transporters and gives an overview of membrane-trafficking steps that are affected by the perturbation of chloride transport. Finally, potential mechanisms of membrane-trafficking modulation by chloride are discussed and put into the context of organellar ion homeostasis in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Stauber
- Physiology and Pathology of Ion Transport, Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) and Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Elucidating the molecular basis for the regulation of iron uptake, storage, and distribution is necessary to understand iron homeostasis. Pharmacological tools are emerging to identify and distinguish among different iron transport pathways. Stimulatory or inhibitory small molecules with effects on iron uptake can help characterize the mechanistic elements of iron transport and the roles of the transporters involved in these processes. In particular, iron chelators can serve as potential pharmacological tools to alleviate diseases of iron overload. This review focuses on the pharmacology of iron transport, introducing iron transport membrane proteins and known inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaina L Byrne
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Grimm C, Jörs S, Guo Z, Obukhov AG, Heller S. Constitutive activity of TRPML2 and TRPML3 channels versus activation by low extracellular sodium and small molecules. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:22701-8. [PMID: 22753890 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.368876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential channels TRPML2 and TRPML3 (MCOLN2 and MCOLN3) are nonselective cation channels. They are widely expressed in mammals. However, little is known about their physiological function(s) and activation mechanism(s). TRPML3 can be activated or rather de-inhibited by exposing it first to sodium-free extracellular solution and subsequently to high extracellular sodium. TRPML3 can also be activated by a variety of small chemical compounds identified in a high throughput screen and is inhibited by low pH. Furthermore, it was found that TRPML3 is constitutively active in low or no sodium-containing extracellular solution. This constitutive activity is independent of the intracellular presence of sodium, and whole-cell current densities are similar with pipette solutions containing cesium, potassium, or sodium. Here, we present mutagenesis data generated based on the hypothesis that negatively charged amino acids in the extracellular loops of TRPML3 may interfere with the observed sodium inhibition. We systematically mutated negatively charged amino acids in the first and second extracellular loops and found that mutating Glu-361 in the second loop has a significant impact on the sodium-mediated block of TRPML3. We further demonstrate that the TRPML3-related cation channel TRPML2 is also activated by lowering the extracellular sodium concentration as well as by a subset of small chemical compounds that were previously identified as activators of TRPML3, thus confirming the functional activity of TRPML2 at the plasma membrane and suggesting similar gating mechanisms for both TRPML channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grimm
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-80802 München, Germany.
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Grimm C, Jörs S, Guo Z, Obukhov AG, Heller S. Constitutive Activity of TRPML2 and TRPML3 Channels versus Activation by Low Extracellular Sodium and Small Molecules. J Biol Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.369876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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50
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Lieberman AP, Puertollano R, Raben N, Slaugenhaupt S, Walkley SU, Ballabio A. Autophagy in lysosomal storage disorders. Autophagy 2012; 8:719-30. [PMID: 22647656 PMCID: PMC3378416 DOI: 10.4161/auto.19469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are ubiquitous intracellular organelles that have an acidic internal pH, and play crucial roles in cellular clearance. Numerous functions depend on normal lysosomes, including the turnover of cellular constituents, cholesterol homeostasis, downregulation of surface receptors, inactivation of pathogenic organisms, repair of the plasma membrane and bone remodeling. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are characterized by progressive accumulation of undigested macromolecules within the cell due to lysosomal dysfunction. As a consequence, many tissues and organ systems are affected, including brain, viscera, bone and cartilage. The progressive nature of phenotype development is one of the hallmarks of LSDs. In recent years biochemical and cell biology studies of LSDs have revealed an ample spectrum of abnormalities in a variety of cellular functions. These include defects in signaling pathways, calcium homeostasis, lipid biosynthesis and degradation and intracellular trafficking. Lysosomes also play a fundamental role in the autophagic pathway by fusing with autophagosomes and digesting their content. Considering the highly integrated function of lysosomes and autophagosomes it was reasonable to expect that lysosomal storage in LSDs would have an impact upon autophagy. The goal of this review is to provide readers with an overview of recent findings that have been obtained through analysis of the autophagic pathway in several types of LSDs, supporting the idea that LSDs could be seen primarily as "autophagy disorders."
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
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