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Medwid S, Kim RB. Implementation of pharmacogenomics: Where are we now? Br J Clin Pharmacol 2024; 90:1763-1781. [PMID: 36366858 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacogenomics (PGx), examining the effect of genetic variation on interpatient variation in drug disposition and response, has been widely studied for several decades. However, as cost, as well as turnaround time associated with PGx testing, has significantly improved, the use of PGx in the clinical setting has been gaining momentum. Nevertheless, challenges have emerged in the broader clinical implementation of PGx. In this review, we will outline current models of PGx delivery and methodologies of evaluation, and discuss clinically relevant PGx tests and associated medications. Additionally, we will describe our approach for the broad implementation of pre-emptive DPYD genotyping in patients taking fluoropyrimidines in Ontario, Canada, as an example of clinically actionable PGx testing with sufficient clinical evidence of patient benefit that can become a new standard of patient care. We will highlight challenges associated with PGx testing, including a lack of diversity in PGx studies as well as general limitations that impact the broad adoption of PGx testing. Lastly, we examine the future of PGx, discussing new clinical targets, methodologies and analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Medwid
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard B Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
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Tippin T, Faison S, Schuck V, Dunn J, Naderer O. Utility of Cytochrome P450 4F2 Genotyping to Assess Drug Interaction Risk for Brincidovovir, a Cytochrome P450 4F2 Substrate. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:288-296. [PMID: 38171911 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Smallpox was eradicated in 1980 but remains a biothreat due to the potential release of variola virus into the general population. Brincidofovir, the second medicine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat smallpox, is metabolized by oxidative and hydrolytic pathways. The oxidative pathway is initiated by cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2), an enzyme lacking clinical probes for drug interaction studies. The aim of this work was to assess the impact of reduced activity CYP4F2 variants (rs2108622, C/T and T/T) on brincidofovir pharmacokinetics as a surrogate for drug inhibition. Genotyping was performed on blood from healthy participants receiving oral (n = 261) and intravenous (IV, n = 49) brincidofovir across 6 phase 1 trials. Plasma concentrations were measured by validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods. After oral administration, subjects with the lowest activity CYP4F2 genotype (T/T) had up to 36% higher AUCinf and 29% higher Cmax while subjects with the moderate activity CYP4F2 genotype (C/T) had similar Cmax and AUCinf compared to those with the wild-type genotype. Little to no increase in brincidofovir exposure parameters was observed following IV administration. Based on the lack of significant increases in brincidofovir plasma concentrations in subjects with low activity CYP4F2, a clinically meaningful drug-drug interaction is not expected with CYP4F2 inhibitor and brincidofovir coadministration.
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Matulevičiūtė I, Tatarūnas V, Skipskis V, Čiapienė I, Veikutienė A, Lesauskaitė V, Dobilienė O, Žaliūnienė D. Coronary artery disease, its associations with ocular, genetic and blood lipid parameters. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:372-379. [PMID: 37587376 PMCID: PMC10810895 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between ophthalmic parameters, CYP4F2 (rs2108622) and ABCA1 (rs1883025) polymorphisms and coronary artery disease, considering the accessibility, non-invasive origin of retinal examination and its possible resemblance to coronary arteries. SUBJECTS/METHODS Overall 165 participants divided into groups based on the coronary angiography results and clinical status: control group (N = 73), MI group (N = 63), 3VD (three vessel disease) (N = 24). All the participants underwent total ophthalmic examination - optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography of the macula region were performed and evaluated. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride cholesterol (Tg-C) were tested. A standard manufacturer's protocol for CYP4F2 (rs2108622) and ABCA1 (rs1883025) was used for genotyping with TaqMan probes. RESULTS GCL+ layer was thicker in control group vs. 3VD group (74.00; 62.67-94.67 (median; min.-max.) vs. 71.06; 51.33-78.44, p = 0.037). T allele carriers under ABCA1 rs1883025 dominant model were shown to have ticker retina and smaller foveal avascular zone in superficial capillary plexus and smaller Tg-C concentration. ABCA1 rs1883025 was associated with retinal thickness (OR = 0.575, 95% CI 0.348-0.948, p = 0.030). Univariate logistic regression showed that ABCA1 rs1883025 CT genotype is associated with decreased risk for coronary artery disease development under overdominant genetic model (OR = 0.498, 95% CI 0.254-0.976; p = 0.042) and codominant genetic model (OR = 0.468, 95% CI 0.232-0.945, p = 0.034). CONCLUSIONS Results of this study confirmed that non-invasive methods such as OCT of eye might be used for identification of patients at risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrė Matulevičiūtė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Vacis Tatarūnas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Skipskis
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Ieva Čiapienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audronė Veikutienė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaitė
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Olivija Dobilienė
- Department of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Žaliūnienė
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Sato Y, Hishinuma E, Yamazaki S, Ueda A, Kumondai M, Saito S, Tadaka S, Kinoshita K, Nakayoshi T, Oda A, Maekawa M, Mano N, Hirasawa N, Hiratsuka M. Functional Characterization of 29 Cytochrome P450 4F2 Variants Identified in a Population of 8380 Japanese Subjects and Assessment of Arachidonic Acid ω-Hydroxylation. Drug Metab Dispos 2023; 51:1561-1568. [PMID: 37775333 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.123.001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) is an enzyme that is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), vitamin E and K, and xenobiotics including drugs. CYP4F2*3 polymorphism (rs2108622; c.1297G>A; p.Val433Met) has been associated with hypertension, ischemic stroke, and variation in the effectiveness of the anticoagulant drug warfarin. In this study, we characterized wild-type CYP4F2 and 28 CYP4F2 variants, including a Val433Met substitution, detected in 8380 Japanese subjects. The CYP4F2 variants were heterologously expressed in 293FT cells to measure the concentrations of CYP4F2 variant holoenzymes using carbon monoxide-reduced difference spectroscopy, where the wild type and 18 holoenzyme variants showed a peak at 450 nm. Kinetic parameters [Vmax , substrate concentration producing half of Vmax (S50 ), and intrinsic clearance (CL int ) as Vmax /S50 ] of AA ω-hydroxylation were determined for the wild type and 21 variants with enzyme activity. Compared with the wild type, two variants showed significantly decreased CL int values for AA ω-hydroxylation. The values for seven variants could not be determined because no enzymatic activity was detected at the highest substrate concentration used. Three-dimensional structural modeling was performed to determine the reason for reduced enzymatic activity of the CYP4F2 variants. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of CYP4F2 variant-associated diseases and possible future therapeutic strategies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: CYP4F2 is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and vitamin K, and CYP4F2*3 polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension and variation in the effectiveness of the anticoagulant drug warfarin. This study presents a functional analysis of 28 CYP4F2 variants identified in Japanese subjects, demonstrating that seven gene polymorphisms cause loss of CYP4F2 function, and proposes structural changes that lead to altered function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Shuki Yamazaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Akiko Ueda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Sakae Saito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Shu Tadaka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Tomoki Nakayoshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Akifumi Oda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan (Y.S., M.K., M.M., N.M., N.H., M.H.); Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (E.H., A.U., S.S., K.K., M.M., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (E.H., S.S., S.T., K.K., M.H.), and Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy of Life-Style Related Diseases, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.Y., M.K., N.H., M.H.), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Graduate School of Information Sciences, Hiroshima City University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.N.); and Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan (A.O.)
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Huang K, Ma T, Li Q, Zhou Y, Qin T, Zhong Z, Tang S, Zhang W, Zhong J, Lu S. Genetic Variants of CYP4F2 Associated with Ischemic Stroke Susceptibility in the Han Population from Southern China. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:599-607. [PMID: 37342180 PMCID: PMC10278860 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s413632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiological mechanism of ischemic stroke is complex. Traditional risk factors cannot fully or only partially explain the occurrence and development of IS. Genetic factors are getting more and more attention. Our study aimed to explore the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to IS. Methods A total of 1322 volunteers were enrolled to perform an association analysis through SNPStats online software. Using FPRP (false-positive report probability) to detect whether the result is a noteworthy finding. The interaction of SNP-SNP in IS risk was assessed by multi-factor dimensionality reduction. Statistical analysis of this study was mainly completed by SPSS 22.0 software. Results Mutant allele "A" (OR = 1.24) and genotype "AA" (OR = 1.49) or "GA" (OR = 1.26) of CYP4F2-rs2108622 are risk genetic factors for IS. Rs2108622 is significantly associated with an increased risk of IS among subjects who are females, aging >60 years old, with BMI ≥24 kg/m2, and smoking or drinking volunteers. CYP4F2-rs3093106 and -rs3093105 are associated with susceptibility to IS among smoking, drinking subjects, or IS patients complicated with hypertension. Conclusion CYP4F2-rs2108622, -rs3093106, and -rs3093105 are associated with an increased risk of IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilei Zhou
- Medical College, Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zanrui Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shilin Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianghua Zhong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, People’s Republic of China
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Imig JD. Bioactive lipids in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 97:1-35. [PMID: 37236756 PMCID: PMC10918458 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a major healthcare issue that afflicts one in every three adults worldwide and contributes to cardiovascular diseases, morbidity and mortality. Bioactive lipids contribute importantly to blood pressure regulation via actions on the vasculature, kidney, and inflammation. Vascular actions of bioactive lipids include blood pressure lowering vasodilation and blood pressure elevating vasoconstriction. Increased renin release by bioactive lipids in the kidney is pro-hypertensive whereas anti-hypertensive bioactive lipid actions result in increased sodium excretion. Bioactive lipids have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions that increase or decrease reactive oxygen species and impact vascular and kidney function in hypertension. Human studies provide evidence that fatty acid metabolism and bioactive lipids contribute to sodium and blood pressure regulation in hypertension. Genetic changes identified in humans that impact arachidonic acid metabolism have been associated with hypertension. Arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and cytochrome P450 metabolites have pro-hypertensive and anti-hypertensive actions. Omega-3 fish oil fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid are known to be anti-hypertensive and cardiovascular protective. Lastly, emerging fatty acid research areas include blood pressure regulation by isolevuglandins, nitrated fatty acids, and short chain fatty acids. Taken together, bioactive lipids are key contributors to blood pressure regulation and hypertension and their manipulation could decrease cardiovascular disease and associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Imig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
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7
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Farajzadeh-Dehkordi M, Mafakher L, Samiee-Rad F, Rahmani B. Computational analysis of missense variant CYP4F2*3 (V433M) in association with human CYP4F2 dysfunction: a functional and structural impact. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:17. [PMID: 37161313 PMCID: PMC10170697 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-023-00479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) enzyme is a member of the CYP4 family responsible for the metabolism of fatty acids, therapeutic drugs, and signaling molecules such as arachidonic acid, tocopherols, and vitamin K. Several reports have demonstrated that the missense variant CYP4F2*3 (V433M) causes decreased activity of CYP4F2 and inter-individual variations in warfarin dose in different ethnic groups. However, the molecular pathogenicity mechanism of missense V433M in CYP4F2 at the atomic level has not yet been completely elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current study, we evaluated the effect of the V433M substitution on CYP4F2 using 14 different bioinformatics tools. Further molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to assess the impact of the V433M mutation on the CYP4F2 protein structure, stability, and dynamics. In addition, molecular docking was used to illustrate the effect of V433M on its interaction with vitamin K1. Based on our results, the CYP4F2*3 variant was a damaging amino acid substitution with a destabilizing nature. The simulation results showed that missense V433M affects the dynamics and stability of CYP4F2 by reducing its compactness and stability, which means that it tends to change the overall structural conformation and flexibility of CYP4F2. The docking results showed that the CYP4F2*3 variant decreased the binding affinity between vitamin K1 and CYP4F2, which reduced the activity of CYP4F2*3 compared to native CYP4F2. CONCLUSIONS This study determined the molecular pathogenicity mechanism of the CYP4F2*3 variant on the human CYP4F2 protein and provided new information for understanding the structure-function relationship of CYP4F2 and other CYP4 enzymes. These findings will aid in the development of effective drugs and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Farajzadeh-Dehkordi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Ladan Mafakher
- Thalassemia & Hemoglobinopathy Research center, Health research institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Samiee-Rad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Babak Rahmani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medical School, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Tanzo JT, Li VL, Wiggenhorn AL, Moya-Garzon MD, Wei W, Lyu X, Dong W, Tahir UA, Chen ZZ, Cruz DE, Deng S, Shi X, Zheng S, Guo Y, Sims M, Abu-Remaileh M, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE, Long JZ, Benson MD. CYP4F2 is a human-specific determinant of circulating N-acyl amino acid levels. J Biol Chem 2023:104764. [PMID: 37121548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acyl amino acids are a large family of circulating lipid metabolites that modulate energy expenditure and fat mass in rodents. However, little is known about the regulation and potential cardiometabolic functions of N-acyl amino acids in humans. Here, we analyze the cardiometabolic phenotype associations and genomic associations of four plasma N-acyl amino acids (N-oleoyl-leucine, N-oleoyl-phenylalanine, N-oleoyl-serine, and N-oleoyl-glycine) in 2,351 individuals from the Jackson Heart Study. We find that plasma levels of specific N-acyl amino acids are associated with cardiometabolic disease endpoints independent of free amino acid plasma levels and in patterns according to the amino acid head group. By integrating whole genome sequencing data with N-acyl amino acid levels, we identify that the genetic determinants of N-acyl amino acid levels also cluster according to amino acid head group. Furthermore, we identify the CYP4F2 locus as a genetic determinant of plasma N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine levels in human plasma. In experimental studies, we demonstrate that CYP4F2-mediated hydroxylation of N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine results in metabolic diversification and production of many previously unknown lipid metabolites with varying characteristics of the fatty acid tail group, including several that structurally resemble fatty acid hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). These studies provide a structural framework for understanding the regulation and disease-associations of N-acyl amino acids in humans and identify that the diversity of this lipid signaling family can be significantly expanded through CYP4F-mediated ω-hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L Wiggenhorn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Dolores Moya-Garzon
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel E Cruz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Guo
- Univ of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Mario Sims
- Univ of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, CA, USA.
| | - Mark D Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
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Ongun MC, Tonyali NV, Kaplan O, Deger I, Celebier M, Basci Akduman NE, Sahin D, Yucel A, Babaoglu MO. Effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2J2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP4F2, CYP4F3 and CYP4A11 enzymes in preeclampsia and gestational hypertension. Placenta 2023; 137:88-95. [PMID: 37141740 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2023.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP4F2, CYP4F3 and CYP4A11 genetic polymorphisms in preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GHT) patients in a sample of Turkish population. MATERIALS-METHODS Patients (n = 168; 110 GHT and 58 preeclampsia) and healthy pregnant women (n = 155, controls) participated in the study. For genotyping, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis (RFLP) were used. Substance levels were measured using LC-MS. RESULTS Plasma DHET levels in GHT and preeclampsia patients were significantly lower than those in the control group (62.7%, 66.3% vs.100.0%, respectively, p < 0.0001). An increase in CYP2J2*7 allele frequency was observed in the preeclampsia group, as compared to GHT group (12.1% vs. 4.5%; odds ratio, O.R. = 2.88, p < 0.01). The frequencies of CYP2C19*2 and*17 alleles were higher in GHT group as compared to the control group (17.7% vs. 11.6%, O.R. = 1.99, p < 0.01; and 28.6% vs.18.4%, O.R. = 2.03, p < 0.01, respectively). An increased frequency of CYP4F3 rs3794987 G allele was found in GHT group as compared to the control group (48.0% vs. 38.0%; O.R. = 1.53, p < 0.01). DISCUSSION DHET plasma levels were significantly reduced in hypertensive pregnant groups as compared to the control group. The allele frequency distributions for CYP2J2*7, CYP2C19 *2, *17 and CYP4F3 rs3794987 were significantly different in hypertensive pregnant patients as compared to the healthy control subjects. Our results may suggest that investigated genetic polymorphisms may be useful in diagnosis and clinical management of GHT and preeclampsia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert C Ongun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | | | - Ozan Kaplan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ilter Deger
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Celebier
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Dilek Sahin
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykan Yucel
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melih O Babaoglu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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The frequency of cytochrome 4F2 rs2108622 genetic variant and its effects on the lipid profile and complications of type II diabetes among a sample of patients in Jordan: A pilot study. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 165:106715. [PMID: 36758722 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome 4F2 (CYP4F2) is a major arachidonic acid-metabolizing enzyme which produces 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). It is found that 20-HETE is involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus. The genetic variants of CYP4F2 can affect its enzymatic activity as well as the 20-HETE production. AIMS Our aim with this paper was to find out the genotype frequency of CYP4F2 rs2108622 C>T, the major functional variant in the CYP4F2 gene, among a sample of type II diabetes (TIIDM) and its effects on diabetes complications and lipid profile. METHODS The CYP4F2 rs2108622 variant was genotyped among 90 healthy volunteers and 90 TIIDM patients that attending the University of Jordan Hospital, using the DNA Sanger sequencing method. The data of lipid profile and diabetes complications were obtained from the electronic records available in the hospital. RESULTS We found that the frequency of CYP4F2 rs2108622C>T variant is significantly (P = 0.02) lower among TIIDM patients in comparison to healthy subjects using both co-dominant and dominant genotyping models. In addition, the CYP4F2 rs2108622 T/T genotype was significantly (P = 0.02) more frequent among TIIDM patients with retinopathy complications (OR=4.36, CI: 1.32-14.37). Lastly, the CYP4F2 rs2108622C>T variant was not associated (P > 0.05) with the glycaemic and lipid profile of patients. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded from this study that the frequency of CYP4F2 rs2108622 T/T genotype is lower among TIIDM, but this genotype is associated with an increased risk of retinopathy complications in patients of Jordanian origin. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to validate the findings of this study.
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Liang L, Zheng Q. Insights into the binding mechanism between α-TOH and CYP4F2: A homology modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:573-585. [PMID: 36924012 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
α-Tocopherol (α-TOH) is a potent antioxidant. The concentrations of α-TOH in plasma are closely related to human health. α-TOH can be regulated by the metabolism of cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2). However, the atomic-level basis for this regulation process remains elusive. Here, we successfully constructed the structure of CYP4F2 by homology modeling and obtained the α-TOH-CYP4F2 complex models using molecular docking. Three parallel 500 ns molecular dynamics simulations were performed on each complex model to investigate the details of the interaction between α-TOH and CYP4F2. MM-GBSA method combined with principal component analysis shows that 8 key residues establish a hydrophobic cavity stabilizing α-TOH in the pocket of CYP4F2 and S423 forms an important hydrogen bond with α-TOH anchoring α-TOH in the favorable position for ω-hydroxylation. Based on our simulation results and the experimental facts, we designed mutation simulation experiments to clarify the important role of two key residues (S423 and V433) in the binding of α-TOH with CYP4F2. The results show that the mutations directly or indirectly change the binding mode of α-TOH and decrease its binding affinity with CYP4F2, which is unfavorable for ω-hydroxylation. Our results could enrich the information on structure-function relationships of CYP4F2 and provide valuable insights into the regulatory mechanism of CYP4F2 on the metabolism of α-TOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Liang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingchuan Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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12
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Tanzo JT, Li VL, Wiggenhorn AL, Moya-Garzon MD, Wei W, Lyu X, Dong W, Tahir UA, Chen ZZ, Cruz DE, Deng S, Shi X, Zheng S, Guo Y, Sims M, Abu-Remaileh M, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE, Long JZ, Benson MD. CYP4F2 is a human-specific determinant of circulating N-acyl amino acid levels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.09.531581. [PMID: 36945562 PMCID: PMC10028954 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.09.531581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
N-acyl amino acids are a large family of circulating lipid metabolites that modulate energy expenditure and fat mass in rodents. However, little is known about the regulation and potential cardiometabolic functions of N-acyl amino acids in humans. Here, we analyze the cardiometabolic phenotype associations and genetic regulation of four plasma N-fatty acyl amino acids (N-oleoyl-leucine, N-oleoyl-phenylalanine, N-oleoyl-serine, and N-oleoyl-glycine) in 2,351 individuals from the Jackson Heart Study. N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine were positively associated with traits related to energy balance, including body mass index, waist circumference, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. In addition, we identify the CYP4F2 locus as a human-specific genetic determinant of plasma N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine levels. In vitro, CYP4F2-mediated hydroxylation of N-oleoyl-leucine and N-oleoyl-phenylalanine results in metabolic diversification and production of many previously unknown lipid metabolites with varying characteristics of the fatty acid tail group, including several that structurally resemble fatty acid hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). By contrast, FAAH-regulated N-oleoyl-glycine and N-oleoyl-serine were inversely associated with traits related to glucose and lipid homeostasis. These data uncover a human-specific enzymatic node for the metabolism of a subset of N-fatty acyl amino acids and establish a framework for understanding the cardiometabolic roles of individual N-fatty acyl amino acids in humans.
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Suggestive evidence of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms with HAPE susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280136. [PMID: 36634101 PMCID: PMC9836295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is a common respiratory disease in the high altitude area, which is rapid and harmful. We firstly conducted a case-control study to assess the potential association of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms with HAPE susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. The study recruited 238 patients with HAPE and 230 healthy controls in Northwest China. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and gene polymorphisms were detected using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), and P-value were used to evaluate the relationship between HAPE risk and CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms. Multi-factor dimension reduction (MDR) was used to assess the optimal interaction of CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms on HAPE risk. We found rs3093193 was shown to reduce the risk of HAPE (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52-0.93, P = 0.014), while rs12459936 was increased the susceptibility to HAPE (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.33-3.26, P = 0.001). Age stratified analysis revealed that rs3093193 and rs12459936 were correlated with HAPE risk in people at age > 32 years old, and rs3093193 and rs3093110 were correlated with the HAPE risk in people at age ≤ 32 years old. Gender stratification analysis was found that rs3093193, rs12459936, and rs3093110 were all related to HAPE risk in males. A combination of rs12459936 and rs3093110 was the best multi-loci model with the highest testing accuracy. Our study is the first to provide the association between CYP4F2 gene polymorphisms and HAPE risk in the Chinese Han population.
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Ding L, Ning S, Hu W, Xue Y, Yu S. Distinctive Metabolism-Associated Gene Clusters That Are Also Prognostic in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6595989. [PMID: 36199423 PMCID: PMC9527115 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6595989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective To offer new prognostic evaluations by exploring potentially distinctive genetic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods There were 12 samples for gene expression profiling processes in this study. These included three HCC lesion samples and their matched adjacent nontumor liver tissues obtained from patients with HCC, as well as three ICC samples and their controls collected similarly. In addition to the expression matrix generated on our own, profiles of other cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were also employed in later bioinformatical analyses. Differential analyses, functional analyses, protein interaction network analyses, and gene set variation analyses were used to identify key genes. To establish the prognostic models, univariate/multivariate Cox analyses and subsequent stepwise regression were applied, with the Akaike information criterion evaluating the goodness of fitness. Results The top three pathways enriched in HCC were all metabolism-related; they were fatty acid degradation, retinol metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. In ICC, on the other hand, additional pathways related to fat digestion and absorption and cholesterol metabolism were identified. Consistent characteristics of such a metabolic landscape were observed across different cohorts. A prognostic risk score model for calculating HCC risk was constructed, consisting of ADH4, ADH6, CYP2C9, CYP4F2, and RDH16. This signature predicts the 3-year survival with an AUC area of 0.708 (95%CI = 0.644 to 0.772). For calculating the risk of ICC, a prognostic risk score model was built upon the expression levels of CYP26A1, NAT2, and UGT2B10. This signature predicts the 3-year survival with an AUC area of 0.806 (95% CI = 0.664 to 0.947). Conclusion HCC and ICC share commonly abrupted pathways associated with the metabolism of fatty acids, retinol, arachidonic acids, and drugs, indicating similarities in their pathogenesis as primary liver cancers. On the flip side, these two types of cancer possess distinctive promising biomarkers for predicting overall survival or potential targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Ding
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shilong Ning
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Weijian Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Shi'an Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
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Froogh G, Garcia V, Laniado Schwartzman M. The CYP/20-HETE/GPR75 axis in hypertension. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:1-25. [PMID: 35659370 PMCID: PMC10123763 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a bioactive lipid generated from the ω-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid (AA) by enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family, primarily the CYP4A and CYP4F subfamilies. 20-HETE is most notably identified as a modulator of vascular tone, regulator of renal function, and a contributor to the onset and development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. 20-HETE-mediated signaling promotes hypertension by sensitizing the vasculature to constrictor stimuli, inducing endothelial dysfunction, and potentiating vascular inflammation. These bioactions are driven by the activation of the G-protein coupled receptor 75 (GPR75), a 20-HETE receptor (20HR). Given the capacity of 20-HETE signaling to drive pro-hypertensive mechanisms, the CYP/20-HETE/GPR75 axis has the potential to be a significant therapeutic target for the treatment of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases associated with increases in blood pressure. In this chapter, we review 20-HETE-mediated cellular mechanisms that promote hypertension, highlight important data in humans such as genetic variants in the CYP genes that potentiate 20-HETE production and describe recent findings in humans with 20HR/GPR75 mutations. Special emphasis is given to the 20HR and respective receptor blockers that have the potential to pave a path to translational and clinical studies for the treatment of 20-HETE-driven hypertension, and obesity/metabolic syndrome.
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Genetic analysis of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the Wa population from Yunnan Province of China. BMC Genom Data 2021; 22:51. [PMID: 34798807 PMCID: PMC8605568 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-021-00999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The variation of drug responses and target does among individuals is mostly determined by genes. With the development of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, the differences in drug response between different races seem to be mainly caused by the genetic diversity of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics genes. Very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) variants mean that genes or variants play important and vital roles in drug response, which have been listed in pharmacogenomics databases, such as Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base (PharmGKB). The information of Chinese ethnic minorities such as the Wa ethnic group is scarce. This study aimed to uncover the significantly different loci in the Wa population in Yunnan Province of China from the perspective of pharmacogenomics, to provide a theoretical basis for the future medication guidance, and to ultimately achieve the best treatment in the future. Results In this study, we recruited 200 unrelated healthy Wa adults from the Yunnan province of China, selected 52 VIP variants from the PharmGKB for genotyping. We also compared the genotype frequency and allele distribution of VIP variants between Wa population and the other 26 populations from the 1000 Genomes Project (http://www.1000Genomes.org/). Next, χ2 test was used to determine the significant points between these populations. The study results showed that compared with the other 26 population groups, five variants rs776746 (CYP3A5), rs4291 (ACE), rs3093105 (CYP4F2), rs1051298 (SLC19A1), and rs1065852 (CYP2D6) had higher frequencies in the Wa population. The genotype frequencies rs4291-TA, rs3093105-CA, rs1051298-AG and rs1065852-GA were higher than those of the other populations, and the allele distributions of rs4291-T and rs3093105-C were significantly different. Additionally, the difference between the Wa ethnic group and East Asian populations, such as CDX, CHB, and CHS, was the smallest. Conclusions Our research results show that there is a significant difference in the distribution of VIP variants between the Wa ethnic group and the other 26 populations. The study results will have an effect on supplementing the pharmacogenomics information for the Wa population and providing a theoretical basis for individualised medication for the Wa population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12863-021-00999-8.
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Li Z, McConnell HL, Stackhouse TL, Pike MM, Zhang W, Mishra A. Increased 20-HETE Signaling Suppresses Capillary Neurovascular Coupling After Ischemic Stroke in Regions Beyond the Infarct. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:762843. [PMID: 34819839 PMCID: PMC8606525 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.762843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling, the process by which neuronal activity elicits increases in the local blood supply, is impaired in stroke patients in brain regions outside the infarct. Such impairment may contribute to neurological deterioration over time, but its mechanism is unknown. Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke, we show that neuronal activity-evoked capillary dilation is reduced by ∼75% in the intact cortical tissue outside the infarct border. This decrease in capillary responsiveness was not explained by a decrease in local neuronal activity or a loss of vascular contractility. Inhibiting synthesis of the vasoconstrictive molecule 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), either by inhibiting its synthetic enzyme CYP450 ω-hydroxylases or by increasing nitric oxide (NO), which is a natural inhibitor of ω-hydroxylases, rescued activity-evoked capillary dilation. The capillary dilation unmasked by inhibiting 20-HETE was dependent on PGE2 activation of endoperoxide 4 (EP4) receptors, a vasodilatory pathway previously identified in healthy animals. Cortical 20-HETE levels were increased following MCAO, in agreement with data from stroke patients. Inhibition of ω-hydroxylases normalized 20-HETE levels in vivo and increased cerebral blood flow in the peri-infarct cortex. These data identify 20-HETE-dependent vasoconstriction as a mechanism underlying capillary neurovascular coupling impairment after stroke. Our results suggest that the brain's energy supply may be significantly reduced after stroke in regions previously believed to be asymptomatic and that ω-hydroxylase inhibition may restore healthy neurovascular coupling post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhou Li
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Heather L. McConnell
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Teresa L. Stackhouse
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Martin M. Pike
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Wenri Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Neurology, Jungers Center for Neurosciences Research, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Genetics Variants in the Epoxygenase Pathway of Arachidonic Metabolism Are Associated with Eicosanoids Levels and the Risk of Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10173980. [PMID: 34501433 PMCID: PMC8432556 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes in the epoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism leading to vasoactive eicosanoids, mainly 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (20-HETE) and epoxyeicosatrienoic (EETs) acids, have been related to glucose-induced renal damage in preclinical reports. We genotyped 1088 diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients and controls for seven polymorphisms in five genes (CYP2C8, CYP2J2, CYP4F2, CYP4A11, and EPHX2) along this metabolic route and evaluated their effect on DKD risk, clinical outcomes, and the plasma/urine levels of eicosanoids measured by LC/MS/MS and immunoenzymatic assays. The CYP4F2 433M variant allele was associated with lower incidence of DKD (OR = 0.65 (0.48-0.90), p = 0.008), whilst the CYP2C8*3/*3 genotype was related to increased risk (OR = 3.21 (1.05-9.87), p = 0.036). Patients carrying the 433M allele also showed lower eGFR [median and interquartile range vs. wildtype carriers: 30.8 (19.8) and 33.0 (23.2) mL/min/1.73 m2, p = 0.037). Finally, the 433VM/MM variant genotypes were associated with lower urinary levels of 20-HETE compared with 433VV (3.14 (0.86) vs. 8.45 (3.69) ng/mg Creatinine, p = 0.024). Our results indicate that the CYP4F2 V433M polymorphism, by decreasing 20-HETE levels, may play an important role in DKD.
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Gonzalez-Fernandez E, Liu Y, Auchus AP, Fan F, Roman RJ. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: the emerging role of 20-HETE. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1929-1944. [PMID: 34374423 PMCID: PMC8783562 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated τ proteins in the brain are the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Much of the research into the pathogenesis of AD has focused on the amyloid or τ hypothesis. These hypotheses propose that Aβ or τ aggregation is the inciting event in AD that leads to downstream neurodegeneration, inflammation, brain atrophy and cognitive impairment. Multiple drugs have been developed and are effective in preventing the accumulation and/or clearing of Aβ or τ proteins. However, clinical trials examining these therapeutic agents have failed to show efficacy in preventing or slowing the progression of the disease. Thus, there is a need for fresh perspectives and the evaluation of alternative therapeutic targets in this field. Epidemiology studies have revealed significant overlap between cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and stroke to the development of cognitive impairment. This strong correlation has given birth to a renewed focus on vascular contributions to AD and related dementias. However, few genes and mechanisms have been identified. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is a potent vasoconstrictor that plays a complex role in hypertension, autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Multiple human genome-wide association studies have linked mutations in the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A (CYP4A) genes that produce 20-HETE to hypertension and stroke. Most recently, genetic variants in the enzymes that produce 20-HETE have also been linked to AD in human population studies. This review examines the emerging role of 20-HETE in AD and related dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Gonzalez-Fernandez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Yedan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Alexander P. Auchus
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Richard J. Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216
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20
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Varfolomeev SD, Bykov VI, Semenova NA, Tsybenova SB. Dynamics of the Multipathway Regulation of the Vasodilator Bold Effect Induced by a Nerve Impulse: A Kinetic Model of the Neurovascular Coupling Process. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2202-2208. [PMID: 34096262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic model of the dynamics of a multipathway mechanism of neurovascular coupling induced by nerve impulses was constructed. The model calculations were compared with experimental data on the changes in the blood oxygen level dependent signal during sensory-motor and visual excitation before and after the use of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin. The influence of the catalytic activity of key enzymes on the dynamics of the neurovascular response in the proposed model is shown. The multipathway mechanism of the biochemical reactions provides stability of the neurovascular coupling during various possible catalytic activities of the key enzymes in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey D. Varfolomeev
- Institute of Physical and Chemical Grounds of Neuronet Functions and Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow 119334, Russia
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Liu Y, Zhang H, Wu CY, Yu T, Fang X, Ryu JJ, Zheng B, Chen Z, Roman RJ, Fan F. 20-HETE-promoted cerebral blood flow autoregulation is associated with enhanced pericyte contractility. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 154:106548. [PMID: 33753221 PMCID: PMC8154705 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that deficiency in 20-HETE or CYP4A impaired the myogenic response and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in rats. The present study demonstrated that CYP4A was coexpressed with alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and most pericytes along parenchymal arteries (PAs) isolated from SD rats. Cell contractile capabilities of cerebral VSMCs and pericytes were reduced with a 20-HETE synthesis inhibitor, HET0016, but restored with 20-HETE analog WIT003. Similarly, intact myogenic responses of the middle cerebral artery and PA of SD rats decreased with HET0016 and were rescued by WIT003. The myogenic response of the PA was abolished in SS and was restored in SS.BN5 and SS.Cyp4a1 rats. HET0016 enhanced CBF and impaired its autoregulation in the surface and deep cortex of SD rats. These results demonstrate that 20-HETE has a direct effect on cerebral mural cell contractility that may play an essential role in controlling cerebral vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Celeste Yc Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130, USA
| | - Tina Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Jane J Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Baoying Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Zongbo Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, China
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA.
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22
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Al-Eitan LN, Almasri AY, Alnaamneh AH, Aman HA, Alrabadi NN, Khasawneh RH, Alghamdi MA. Influence of CYP4F2, ApoE, and CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms on the variability of Warfarin dosage requirements and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in Jordan. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:826-834. [PMID: 33437219 PMCID: PMC7797549 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.51546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. Many of those diseases require treatment with warfarin, an anticoagulant that has a large high inter and intra-variability in the required doses. The aim of this study is to find if there are any associations between rs2108622 of CYP4F2, rs7412 and rs405509 of ApoE, and rs1801272 of CYP2A6, and CVD and warfarin dose variability. The selected genes and their polymorphisms are involved in many GWAS associated with cardiovascular disease and variability in warfarin treatment. The study sample consisted of 212 Jordanian Cardiovascular patients and 213 healthy controls. DNA was extracted and the Mass ARRAY™ system was used to genotype four selected SNPs within three genes (CYP4F2, ApoE, and CYP2A6). Only one out of the four selected SNPs (ApoE rs7412 SNP) was found to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease. Also, this SNP showed significant differences in warfarin initial doses. CYP2A6 rs1801272 SNP was found to be associated with warfarin sensitivity during the initiation phase of therapy and with warfarin responsiveness and INR measurement during the stabilization phase of therapy. This study improves the current understanding of the high inter and intra-variabilities in response to warfarin, including the variety of dosing requirements and the susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in the Jordanian Arab population. Further study on a larger sample and in different ethnic groups could help in improving our understanding of warfarin's pharmacogenetics and its application in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ayah Y Almasri
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Adan H Alnaamneh
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Hatem A Aman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Nasr N Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Rame H Khasawneh
- Department of Hematopathology, King Hussein Medical Center (KHMC), Royal Medical Services (RMS), Amman 11118, Jordan
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabi.,Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Traber MG, Leonard SW, Ebenuwa I, Violet PC, Niyyati M, Padayatty S, Smith S, Bobe G, Levine M. Vitamin E catabolism in women, as modulated by food and by fat, studied using 2 deuterium-labeled α-tocopherols in a 3-phase, nonrandomized crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 113:92-103. [PMID: 33184629 PMCID: PMC7779232 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human vitamin E (α-tocopherol) catabolism is a mechanism for regulating whole-body α-tocopherol. OBJECTIVES To determine the roles of the intestine and liver on α-tocopherol catabolism as affected by fat or fasting, 2 deuterium-labeled (intravenous d6- and oral d3-) forms of α-tocopherol were used. METHODS Healthy women received intravenous d6-α-tocopherol and consumed d3-α-tocopherol with a 600-kcal defined liquid meal (DLM; 40% or 0% fat, n = 10) followed by controlled meals; or the 0% fat DLM (n = 7) followed by a 12-h fast (0% fat-fast), then controlled meals ≤72 h. The order of the 3-phase crossover design was not randomized and there was no blinding. Samples were analyzed by LC/MS to determine the α-tocopherol catabolites and α-carboxyethyl hydroxychromanol (α-CEHC) in urine, feces, and plasma that were catabolized from administered oral d3- and intravenous d6-α-tocopherols. RESULTS Urinary and plasma d3- and d6-α-CEHC concentrations varied differently with the interventions. Mean ± SEM cumulative urinary d6-α-CEHC derived from the intravenous dose excreted over 72 h during the 40% fat (2.50 ± 0.37 μmol/g creatinine) and 0% fat (2.37 ± 0.37 μmol/g creatinine) interventions were similar, but a ∼50% decrease was observed during the 0% fat-fast (1.05 ± 0.39 μmol/g creatinine) intervention (compared with 0% fat, P = 0.0005). Cumulative urinary d3-α-CEHC excretion was not significantly changed by any intervention. Total urinary and fecal excretion of catabolites accounted for <5% of each of the administered doses. CONCLUSIONS Differential catabolism of the intravenous d6-α-tocopherol and oral d3-α-tocopherol doses shows both liver and intestine have roles in α-tocopherol catabolism. During the 40% fat intervention, >90% of urinary d3-α-CEHC excretion was estimated to be liver-derived, whereas during fasting <50% was from the liver with the remainder from the intestine, suggesting that there was increased intestinal α-tocopherol catabolism while d3-α-tocopherol was retained in the intestine in the absence of adequate fat/food for α-tocopherol absorption.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00862433.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott W Leonard
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ifechukwude Ebenuwa
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pierre-Christian Violet
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mahtab Niyyati
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sebastian Padayatty
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sheila Smith
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mark Levine
- Molecular and Clinical Nutrition Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Pratt VM, Cavallari LH, Del Tredici AL, Hachad H, Ji Y, Kalman LV, Ly RC, Moyer AM, Scott SA, Whirl-Carrillo M, Weck KE. Recommendations for Clinical Warfarin Genotyping Allele Selection: A Report of the Association for Molecular Pathology and the College of American Pathologists. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:847-859. [PMID: 32380173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2020.04.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) Clinical Practice Committee's AMP Pharmacogenomics (PGx) Working Group is to define the key attributes of PGx alleles recommended for clinical testing and a minimum set of variants that should be included in clinical PGx genotyping assays. This document series provides recommendations for a minimum panel of variant alleles (tier 1) and an extended panel of variant alleles (tier 2) that will aid clinical laboratories when designing assays for PGx testing. The AMP PGx Working Group considered functional impact of the variants, allele frequencies in multiethnic populations, the availability of reference materials, as well as other technical considerations for PGx testing when developing these recommendations. The ultimate goal is to promote standardization of PGx gene/allele testing across clinical laboratories. These recommendations are not to be interpreted as prescriptive but to provide a reference guide. Of note, a separate article with recommendations for CYP2C9 allele selection was previously developed by the PGx Working Group that can be applied broadly to CYP2C9-related medications. The warfarin allele recommendations in this report incorporate the previous CYP2C9 allele recommendations and additional genes and alleles that are specific to warfarin testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria M Pratt
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research and Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Andria L Del Tredici
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Millennium Health, LLC, San Diego, California
| | - Houda Hachad
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Translational Software, Bellevue, Washington
| | - Yuan Ji
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Pathology and ARUP Laboratories, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lisa V Kalman
- Division of Laboratory Systems, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Reynold C Ly
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ann M Moyer
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stuart A Scott
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, Connecticut
| | - Michelle Whirl-Carrillo
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Karen E Weck
- The Pharmacogenomics Working Group of the Clinical Practice Committee, Association for Molecular Pathology, Rockville, Maryland; Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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25
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CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms and lung cancer in Chinese Han population. Clin Exp Med 2020; 20:461-468. [PMID: 32350633 PMCID: PMC7366610 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-020-00631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore whether the polymorphisms of CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 are correlated with the risk of lung cancer development. A case–control study was conducted among 510 patients with pathologically confirmed lung cancer as the case group and 504 healthy individuals as the control group. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 genes were genotyped, and their correlations with the risk of lung cancer were examined using Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Stratified analysis found that the rs3093105 and rs3093106 loci of CYP4F2 gene were significantly associated with lower risk of lung cancer (P = 0.012, OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45–0.91). The correlation was related to patients’ age and sex and pathological type of lung cancer. Similarly, the rs10242455 loci of CYP3A5 gene showed a statistical significance between the case group and the control group (P = 0.018, OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.94), which also was associated with reduced risk of squamous cell lung cancer in the dominant and additive models (dominant: OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.46–0.94, P = 0.021; additive: OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53–0.95, P = 0.023). CYP4F2 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms are associated with the reduced risk of non-small cell lung cancer, and its correlation is related to patients’ age and sex and pathological type of lung cancer.
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26
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Polymorphisms in vasoactive eicosanoid genes of kidney donors affect biopsy scores and clinical outcomes in renal transplantation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224129. [PMID: 31622444 PMCID: PMC6797116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes metabolize arachidonic acid to vasoactive eicosanoids such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), whilst soluble epoxide hydrolase, encoded by the EPHX2 gene, is in charge of EETs degradation. We aimed to analyze the influence of common, functional polymorphisms in four genes of the donor on the renal biopsy scores independently assigned by pathologists. Additionally, we examined whether this score or the presence of these SNPs were independent risk factors of clinical outcomes in the first year after grafting. A cohort of 119 recipients and their corresponding 85 deceased donors were included in the study. Donors were genotyped for the CYP4F2 V433M, CYP2C8*3, CYP2J2*7, EPHX2 3’UTR A>G, EPHX2 K55R and EPHX2 R287Q polymorphisms. The association of the donors’ SNPs with the biopsy scores and clinical outcomes was retrospectively evaluated by multivariate regression analysis. The CYP2C8*3 polymorphism in the donor was significantly associated with higher scores assigned to pretransplant biopsies [OR = 3.35 (1.03–10.93), p = 0.045]. In turn, higher scores were related to an increased risk of acute rejection [OR = 5.28 (1.32–21.13), p = 0.019] and worse glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (45.68±16.05 vs. 53.04±16.93 ml/min in patients whose grafts had lower scores, p = 0.010) one year after transplant. Patients whose donors carried the CYP4F2 433M variant showed lower eGFR values (48.96±16.89 vs. 55.94±18.62 ml/min in non-carriers, p = 0.038) and higher risk of acute rejection [OR = 6.18 (1.03–37.21), p = 0.047]. The CYP2J2*7 SNP in the donor was associated with elevated risk of delayed graft function [OR = 25.68 (1.52–43.53), p = 0.025]. Our results taken together suggest that donor genetic variability may be used as a predictor of tissue damage in the graft as well as to predict clinical outcomes and graft function in the recipient.
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Conflicting Roles of 20-HETE in Hypertension and Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184500. [PMID: 31514409 PMCID: PMC6770042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke, and understanding the underlying mechanisms of hypertension and hypertension-related stroke is crucial. 20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), which plays an important role in vasoconstriction, autoregulation, endothelial dysfunction, angiogenesis, inflammation, and blood-brain barrier integrity, has been linked to hypertension and stroke. 20-HETE can promote hypertension by potentiating the vascular response to vasoconstrictors; it also can reduce blood pressure by inhibition of sodium transport in the kidney. The production of 20-HETE is elevated after the onset of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes; on the other hand, subjects with genetic variants in CYP4F2 and CYP4A11 that reduce 20-HETE production are more susceptible to stroke. This review summarizes recent genetic variants in CYP4F2, and CYP4A11 influencing 20-HETE production and discusses the role of 20-HETE in hypertension and the susceptibility to the onset, progression, and prognosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
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28
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Park JW, Kim KA, Park JY. Effects of Ketoconazole, a CYP4F2 Inhibitor, and CYP4F2*3 Genetic Polymorphism on Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin K 1. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1453-1461. [PMID: 31134657 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether cytochrome P450 (CYP)4F2 is involved in the exposure of vitamin K1 through a drug interaction study with ketoconazole, a CYP4F2 inhibitor, and a pharmacogenetic study with CYP4F2*3. Twenty-one participants with different CYP4F2*3 polymorphisms were enrolled (8 for *1/*1, 7 for *1/*3, and 6 for *3/*3). All participants were treated twice daily for 5 days with 200 mg of ketoconazole or placebo. Finally, a single dose of 10 mg vitamin K1 was administered, plasma levels of vitamin K1 were measured, and its pharmacokinetics was assessed. Ketoconazole elevated the plasma levels of vitamin K1 and increased the average area under the concentration-time curve (AUCinf ) and peak concentration by 41% and 40%, respectively. CYP4F2*3 polymorphism also affected plasma levels of vitamin K1 and its pharmacokinetics in a gene dose-dependent manner. The average AUCinf value was 659.8 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*1/*1, 878.1 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*1/*3, and 1125.2 ng·h/mL for CYP4F2*3/*3 (P = .010). This study revealed that ketoconazole and CYP4F2*3 polymorphism substantially increased the exposure of vitamin K1 in humans. These findings provide a plausible explanation for variations in warfarin dose requirements resulting from interindividual variations in vitamin K1 exposure due to CYP4F2-related drug interactions and genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ah Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Li J, Hu J, Xiang D, Ji B, Xu S, Shi L, Zhao S. KLHL3 single-nucleotide polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in Chinese Han population. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15766. [PMID: 31096542 PMCID: PMC6531237 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, including secondary and essential hypertension (EH) variants, is a multifactorial disease, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. Secondary hypertension results from mutations in the putative gene KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3); however, it has not been reported whether the KLHL3 gene polymorphisms are associated with EH. Here, we investigated the association between KLHL3 (rs2301708 and rs7444370) polymorphisms and EH in the Chinese Han population.This case-control study included 522 subjects-260 patients with EH and 262 normotensive controls matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and levels of Na, K, and Cl. The distribution of functional rs2301708 and rs7444370 polymorphisms within the KLHL3 gene was assessed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction-fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).There was no significant difference in allelic and genotypic frequencies of KLHL3 rs2301708 between the EH and normotensive groups; however, the rs7444370 T allele and CT genotype in females was significantly associated with a protective effect against EH (P = .001, P = .002; P = .019, P = .052), and the haplotype CT of rs2301708 and rs7444370 among females in the EH group was less than in the normotensive group (P = .000; P = .007).The KLHL3 rs7444370 variant could be a protective factor in the pathogenesis of females' EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou United Family Hospital
| | | | | | - Bo Ji
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Medicine, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
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Geng H, Li B, Wang Y, Wang L. Association Between the CYP4F2 Gene rs1558139 and rs2108622 Polymorphisms and Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2019; 23:342-347. [PMID: 30932691 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2018.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the association between the CYP4F2 gene rs1558139 and rs2108622 polymorphisms and hypertension. Materials and Methods: In this meta-analysis, we searched databases for case-control studies published before May 2018 examining the associations between two polymorphic sites of the CYP4F2 gene (rs1558139 and rs2108622) and hypertension. The fixed or random effects model chosen was selected according to the heterogeneity of the studies to calculate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Six articles in total were analyzed in this study; three investigated the rs1558139 polymorphism and six investigated the rs2108622 polymorphism. The pooled OR and 95% CI using the dominant model for rs1558139, and both the homozygous model and the recessive model of rs2108622 were statistically significant giving values of 0.83 (0.71-0.96), 0.83 (0.71-0.98), and 1.24 (1.07-1.44), respectively. The pooled OR and 95% CI of the rs1558139 polymorphism in the subgroup analysis based on gender were 1.25 (1.08-1.45) and 0.98 (0.85-1.13), whereas the results for the rs2108622 polymorphism were 1.03 (0.86-1.24) and 0.91 (0.72-1.14). Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the rs1558139 and rs2108622 single nucleotide polymorphisms of the CYP4F2 gene are associated with hypertension, with a particularly strong link between the rs1558139 polymorphism in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Geng
- Institute for Risk Assessment of Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute for Risk Assessment of Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Institute for Risk Assessment of Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wang
- Institute for Risk Assessment of Chronic Diseases, School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P.R. China
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Vitamin E Metabolic Effects and Genetic Variants: A Challenge for Precision Nutrition in Obesity and Associated Disturbances. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121919. [PMID: 30518135 PMCID: PMC6316334 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E (VE) has a recognized leading role as a contributor to the protection of cell constituents from oxidative damage. However, evidence suggests that the health benefits of VE go far beyond that of an antioxidant acting in lipophilic environments. In humans, VE is channeled toward pathways dealing with lipoproteins and cholesterol, underlining its relevance in lipid handling and metabolism. In this context, both VE intake and status may be relevant in physiopathological conditions associated with disturbances in lipid metabolism or concomitant with oxidative stress, such as obesity. However, dietary reference values for VE in obese populations have not yet been defined, and VE supplementation trials show contradictory results. Therefore, a better understanding of the role of genetic variants in genes involved in VE metabolism may be crucial to exert dietary recommendations with a higher degree of precision. In particular, genetic variability should be taken into account in targets concerning VE bioavailability per se or concomitant with impaired lipoprotein transport. Genetic variants associated with impaired VE liver balance, and the handling/resolution of oxidative stress might also be relevant, but the core information that exists at present is insufficient to deliver precise recommendations.
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Fava C, Bonafini S. Eicosanoids via CYP450 and cardiovascular disease: Hints from genetic and nutrition studies. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:41-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Zhang C, Booz GW, Yu Q, He X, Wang S, Fan F. Conflicting roles of 20-HETE in hypertension and renal end organ damage. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:190-200. [PMID: 29886242 PMCID: PMC6057804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
20-HETE is a cytochrome P450-derived metabolite of arachidonic acid that has both pro- and anti-hypertensive actions that result from modulation of vascular and kidney function. In the vasculature, 20-HETE sensitizes vascular smooth muscle cells to constrictor stimuli and increases myogenic tone. By promoting smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation, as well as by acting on the vascular endothelium to cause endothelial dysfunction, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expression, and inflammation, 20-HETE contributes to adverse vascular remodeling and increased blood pressure. A G protein-coupled receptor was recently identified as the effector for the vascular actions of 20-HETE. In addition, evidence suggests that 20-HETE contributes to hypertension via positive regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as by causing renal fibrosis. On the other hand, 20-HETE exerts anti-hypertensive actions by inhibiting sodium reabsorption by the kidney in both the proximal tubule and thick ascending limb of Henle. This review discusses the pro- and anti-hypertensive roles of 20-HETE in the pathogenesis of hypertension-associated renal disease, the association of gene polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 enzymes with the development of hypertension and renal end organ damage in humans, and 20-HETE related pharmaceutical agents.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/metabolism
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Arachidonic Acid/metabolism
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Fibrosis
- Humans
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids/physiology
- Hypertension/complications
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Kidney/metabolism
- Kidney/pathology
- Kidney/physiopathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Renal Elimination/physiology
- Renal Insufficiency/drug therapy
- Renal Insufficiency/etiology
- Renal Insufficiency/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency/physiopathology
- Renin-Angiotensin System/physiology
- Sodium/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen He
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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The impact of CYP2C19*2, CYP4F2*3, and clinical factors on platelet aggregation, CYP4F2 enzyme activity, and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid concentration in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2018; 28:658-664. [PMID: 28806186 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0000000000000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of CYP2C192 (rs4244285), CYP4F23 (rs2108622), and nongenetic factors on platelet aggregation and to investigate the mechanism of CYP4F2's effect on platelet aggregation in the patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. A total of 146 patients were included in this study. Ticagrelor or clopidogrel were administered in a loading dose of 180 mg and 600 mg, respectively, in combination with aspirin (300 mg). Blood samples for analysis were taken the next morning after antiplatelet therapy induction. Clopidogrel users with the CYP2C1912 variant had higher platelet aggregation values (median 43, range 30-54%) compared with 11 wild-type carriers (median 33, range 15-77%; P = 0.009). Carriers of the CYP4F213 variant had higher platelet aggregation values than carriers of the 33 variant (median 34, range 8-70% vs. median 24.5, range 10-47%, P = 0.016, respectively). Higher CYP4F2 concentrations were detected in clopidogrel users than in ticagrelor users (median 3.6, range 1.6-22.0 ng/ml vs. median 2.3, range 1.6-27.2 ng/ml, P = 0.056, respectively) and in carriers of the CYP4F213 variant compared with carriers of the 11 variant (median 4.3, range 1.6-27.2 ng/ml vs. median 2.4, range 1.6-22.0 ng/ml, P = 0.009, respectively). No correlation between plasma 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and CYP4F2 enzyme concentrations were detected (r = -0.045, P = 0.587). Our results proved that CYP2C192 might significantly affect antiplatelet function of clopidogrel. Plasma CYP4F2 concentrations were significantly lower in ticagrelor users than in clopidogrel users.
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Role of oxylipins in cardiovascular diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1142-1154. [PMID: 29877318 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of mortality. Approximately 18 million people died from CVDs in 2015, representing more than 30% of all global deaths. New diagnostic tools and therapies are eagerly required to decrease the prevalence of CVDs related to mortality and/or risk factors leading to CVDs. Oxylipins are a group of metabolites, generated via oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are involved in inflammation, immunity, and vascular functions, etc. Thus far, over 100 oxylipins have been identified, and have overlapping and interconnected roles. Important CVD pathologies such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, thrombosis, hemostasis and diabetes have been linked to abnormal oxylipin signaling. Oxylipins represent a new era of risk markers and/or therapeutic targets in several diseases including CVDs. The role of many oxylipins in the progression or regression in CVD, however, is still not fully understood. An increased knowledge of the role of these oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids in cardiovascular dysfunctions or CVDs including hypertension could possibly lead to the development of biomarkers for the detection and their treatment in the future.
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Shekhar S, Cunningham MW, Pabbidi MR, Wang S, Booz GW, Fan F. Targeting vascular inflammation in ischemic stroke: Recent developments on novel immunomodulatory approaches. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:531-544. [PMID: 29935175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating and debilitating medical condition with limited therapeutic options. However, accumulating evidence indicates a central role of inflammation in all aspects of stroke including its initiation, the progression of injury, and recovery or wound healing. A central target of inflammation is disruption of the blood brain barrier or neurovascular unit. Here we discuss recent developments in identifying potential molecular targets and immunomodulatory approaches to preserve or protect barrier function and limit infarct damage and functional impairment. These include blocking harmful inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells, microglia/macrophages, or Th17/γδ T cells with biologics, third generation epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) analogs with extended half-life, and miRNA antagomirs. Complementary beneficial pathways may be enhanced by miRNA mimetics or hyperbaric oxygenation. These immunomodulatory approaches could be used to greatly expand the therapeutic window for thrombolytic treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Moreover, nanoparticle technology allows for the selective targeting of endothelial cells for delivery of DNA/RNA oligonucleotides and neuroprotective drugs. In addition, although likely detrimental to the progression of ischemic stroke by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal cell death, 20-HETE may also reduce susceptibility of onset of ischemic stroke by maintaining autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Although the interaction between inflammation and stroke is multifaceted, a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the pro-inflammatory state at all stages will hopefully help in developing novel immunomodulatory approaches to improve mortality and functional outcome of those inflicted with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Shekhar
- Department of Neurology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mark W Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna R Pabbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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Kim WY, Lee SJ, Min J, Oh KS, Kim DH, Kim HS, Shin JG. Identification of novel CYP4F2 genetic variants exhibiting decreased catalytic activity in the conversion of arachidonic acid to 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 131:6-13. [PMID: 29628049 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
CYP4F2 is an enzyme involved in the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from arachidonic acid and metabolizes vitamin K into an inactive form. Our objectives were to identify new CYP4F2 genetic variants and to characterize the functional consequences of the conversion of arachidonic acid into 20-HETE. We used direct DNA sequencing to identify a total of 20 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including four coding variants, A27V, R47C, P85A, and V433M, in 50 randomly selected subjects. Of these, A27V and P85A were new. Recombinant variant proteins were prepared using an Escherichia coli expression system, purified, and quantified via CO-difference spectral analysis. The conversion of arachidonic acid to 20-HETE by the coding variants was compared to that of the wild-type protein. Wild-type CYP4F2 exhibited the highest intrinsic clearance, followed by P85A, A27V, V433M, and R47C (40-65% of the wild-type value). The locations of the mutated residues in the three-dimensional protein structure were predicted by structural modeling, and the possible effects on 20-HETE synthesis discussed. In summary, we describe the allele frequency, haplotype distribution, and linkage disequilibrium of CYP4F2 and functionally analyze the CYP4F2 coding variants. Our findings suggest that individuals having the low-activity alleles of CYP4F2 may inefficiently convert arachidonic acid into 20-HETE. This may aid in our understanding of 20-HETE-related blood pressure problems and cardiovascular diseases when genotype-phenotype association studies are performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Su-Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Jungki Min
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kyung-Suk Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Jae-Gook Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics Research Center; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, 633-165 Gaegum-dong, Jin-gu, Busan 614-735, South Korea.
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Zhang T, Yu K, Li X. Cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 (CYP4F2) rs1558139, rs2108622 polymorphisms and susceptibility to several cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:29. [PMID: 29426278 PMCID: PMC5807755 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0763-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inconsistent conclusions have been reported for the genetic relationship between CYP4F2 (Cytochrome P450 Family 4 Subfamily F Member 2) polymorphisms and the susceptibility to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods We performed a meta-analysis to assess the potential role of rs1558139 C/T and rs2108622 G/A polymorphisms of CYP4F2 in the risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The retrieval of four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WANFANG DATA, was conducted. Mantel-Haenszel statistics for association test, Cochran’s Q statistic, sensitivity analysis for heterogeneity assessment, and Begg’s/Egger’s tests for publication bias evaluation were performed under allele, homozygote, heterozygote, dominant, and recessive models, respectively. Results A total of 597 articles were initially obtained by database searching, and twenty eligible articles were finally included. For rs1558139, a decreased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases was observed in the overall meta-analysis and in “hypertension”, “population-based” and “male” subgroups under models of T vs. C, CT vs. CC, and CT + TT vs. CC [all P values in association tests < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) < 1]. For rs2108622, a decreased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk was observed in the subgroup meta-analysis based on disease type under all genetic models (all P values in association tests < 0.05, OR< 1). Begg’s/Egger’s tests excluded the potential publication bias, while sensitivity analysis data supported the stability of the above results. Conclusion C/T genotype of CYP4AF2 rs1558139 may be linked to the decreased risk of hypertension in the male patients of Asian populations, while CYP4F2 rs2108622 is likely associated with reduced susceptibility to CAD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0763-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- First Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, No.4 Emei Mountain Road, Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong, 255200, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kuiying Yu
- First Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Zibo, No.4 Emei Mountain Road, Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong, 255200, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhua Li
- China Medical University Hospital of Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong, 255200, People's Republic of China
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Johnson JA, Caudle KE, Gong L, Whirl-Carrillo M, Stein CM, Scott SA, Lee MTM, Gage BF, Kimmel SE, Perera MA, Anderson JL, Pirmohamed M, Klein TE, Limdi NA, Cavallari LH, Wadelius M. Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for Pharmacogenetics-Guided Warfarin Dosing: 2017 Update. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 102:397-404. [PMID: 28198005 PMCID: PMC5546947 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This document is an update to the 2011 Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guideline for CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotypes and warfarin dosing. Evidence from the published literature is presented for CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2, and rs12777823 genotype-guided warfarin dosing to achieve a target international normalized ratio of 2-3 when clinical genotype results are available. In addition, this updated guideline incorporates recommendations for adult and pediatric patients that are specific to continental ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Kelly E. Caudle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Li Gong
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - C. Michael Stein
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology Vanderbilt Medical School, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stuart A. Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ming Ta Michael Lee
- Laboratory for International Alliance on Genomic Research, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; National Center for Genome Medicine; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomic Medicine Institute Geisinger Health system, Danville, PA
| | - Brian F. Gage
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Stephen E. Kimmel
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey L. Anderson
- Intermountain Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, and Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Munir Pirmohamed
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology; The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool
| | - Teri E. Klein
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nita A. Limdi
- Department of Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Larisa H. Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, and Center for Pharmacogenomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mia Wadelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Association between Cullin-3 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism rs17479770 and Essential Hypertension in the Male Chinese Han Population. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:3062759. [PMID: 28804198 PMCID: PMC5540270 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3062759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypertension, including essential and secondary hypertension, is a multifactorial disease, affecting more than one billion people worldwide. Secondary hypertension can result from mutations of cullin-3 (CUL3); however, whether polymorphisms of CUL3 are associated with essential hypertension (EH) has not been reported. Here, we investigated the association between CUL3 SNPs rs17479770 and rs3738952 and EH in the Chinese Han population. Methods This case-control study investigated 520 representatives, including 259 patients with EH and 261 normotensive controls matched for age, gender, BMI, TG, TC, and HbA1c for the distribution of functional rs17479770 and rs3738952 within the CUL3 gene by using PCR and RFLP. Results Our results showed that there was no significant difference in allele and genotype distribution of rs3738952 and haplotype distribution of rs17479770 and rs3738952 between the EH group and normotensive group, whereas the rs17479770 TT genotype in male and the full data set were significantly associated with the decreased risk of EH (P = 0.050, P = 0.042), and rs17479770 allele T in male was shown to have the correlation tendency of the decreased risk of EH (P = 0.064). Conclusion Our data suggest that the CUL3 rs17479770 variant could be a protective factor in the pathogenesis of EH.
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Fan F, Roman RJ. Effect of Cytochrome P450 Metabolites of Arachidonic Acid in Nephrology. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:2845-2855. [PMID: 28701518 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-five years ago, a third pathway for the metabolism of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 enzymes emerged. Subsequent work revealed that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids formed by these pathways have essential roles in the regulation of renal tubular and vascular function. Sequence variants in the genes that produce 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid are associated with hypertension in humans, whereas the evidence supporting a role for variants in the genes that alter levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids is less convincing. Studies in animal models suggest that changes in the production of cytochrome P450 eicosanoids alter BP. However, the mechanisms involved remain controversial, especially for 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, which has both vasoconstrictive and natriuretic actions. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are vasodilators with anti-inflammatory properties that oppose the development of hypertension and CKD; 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid levels are elevated after renal ischemia and may protect against injury. Levels of this eicosanoid are also elevated in polycystic kidney disease and may contribute to cyst formation. Our review summarizes the emerging evidence that cytochrome P450 eicosanoids have a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension, polycystic kidney disease, AKI, and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Yi M, Cho SA, Min J, Kim DH, Shin JG, Lee SJ. Functional characterization of a common CYP4F11 genetic variant and identification of functionally defective CYP4F11 variants in erythromycin metabolism and 20-HETE synthesis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 620:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Elshenawy OH, Shoieb SM, Mohamed A, El-Kadi AOS. Clinical Implications of 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in the Kidney, Liver, Lung and Brain: An Emerging Therapeutic Target. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:pharmaceutics9010009. [PMID: 28230738 PMCID: PMC5374375 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) is an important pathway for the formation of eicosanoids. The ω-hydroxylation of AA generates significant levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in various tissues. In the current review, we discussed the role of 20-HETE in the kidney, liver, lung, and brain during physiological and pathophysiological states. Moreover, we discussed the role of 20-HETE in tumor formation, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In the kidney, 20-HETE is involved in modulation of preglomerular vascular tone and tubular ion transport. Furthermore, 20-HETE is involved in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and polycystic kidney diseases. The role of 20-HETE in the liver is not clearly understood although it represents 50%-75% of liver CYP-dependent AA metabolism, and it is associated with liver cirrhotic ascites. In the respiratory system, 20-HETE plays a role in pulmonary cell survival, pulmonary vascular tone and tone of the airways. As for the brain, 20-HETE is involved in cerebral I/R injury. Moreover, 20-HETE has angiogenic and mitogenic properties and thus helps in tumor promotion. Several inhibitors and inducers of the synthesis of 20-HETE as well as 20-HETE analogues and antagonists are recently available and could be promising therapeutic options for the treatment of many disease states in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama H Elshenawy
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Sherif M Shoieb
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
| | - Anwar Mohamed
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Ayman O S El-Kadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada.
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Abstract
The Gene Ontology (GO) is a framework designed to represent biological knowledge about gene products' biological roles and the cellular location in which they act. Biocuration is a complex process: the body of scientific literature is large and selection of appropriate GO terms can be challenging. Both these issues are compounded by the fact that our understanding of biology is still incomplete; hence it is important to appreciate that GO is inherently an evolving model. In this chapter, we describe how biocurators create GO annotations from experimental findings from research articles. We describe the current best practices for high-quality literature curation and how GO curators succeed in modeling biology using a relatively simple framework. We also highlight a number of difficulties when translating experimental assays into GO annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Poux
- Swiss-Prot group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Gaudet
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Centre Medical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland. .,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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López I, Sangüesa E, Vancraenendonck Y, Zuriaga E, Ribate MP, García CB. Can pharmacogenetics help patients under chronic treatment with coumarin anticoagulants? Drug Metab Pers Ther 2016; 31:191-196. [PMID: 27740916 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2016-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin K antagonists are highly effective antithrombotic drugs. However, appropriate dosing is difficult to establish owing to its narrow therapeutic window as well as widespread inter- and intra-individual variability in dosage. Compared with dosing solely based on clinical information, pharmacogenetics can help improve the therapy with coumarins by decreasing the time to reach a stable dose and reducing the risk of bleeding. Most of the studies about genotyping of patients using vitamin K antagonists have focused on predicting the stable dose. Two genes have been shown to have the most influence on dosing: VKORC1 and CYP2C9. Furthermore, genotyping of more genes, such as CYP4F2 and APOE, is also being included in some dosing algorithms. The role of genotype beyond the initial dose-titration phase is less clear. Thus, a proven genetically determined risk of unstable dose or bleeding could help with the selection of patients who require more frequent monitoring of dose. On the other hand, patients who have a genetically determined stable dose could self-monitor their international normalized ratio (INR), making the therapy less expensive and more convenient.
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van Engen CE, Ofman R, Dijkstra IME, van Goethem TJ, Verheij E, Varin J, Vidaud M, Wanders RJA, Aubourg P, Kemp S, Barbier M. CYP4F2 affects phenotypic outcome in adrenoleukodystrophy by modulating the clearance of very long-chain fatty acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:1861-70. [PMID: 27425035 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) due to mutations in the ABCD1 gene. The phenotypic spectrum ranges from a fatal cerebral demyelinating disease in childhood (cerebral ALD) to a progressive myelopathy without cerebral involvement in adulthood (adrenomyeloneuropathy). Because ABCD1 mutations have no predictive value with respect to clinical outcome a role for modifier genes was postulated. We report that the CYP4F2 polymorphism rs2108622 increases the risk of developing cerebral ALD in Caucasian patients. The rs2108622 polymorphism (c.1297G>A) results in an amino acid substitution valine for methionine at position 433 (p.V433M). Using cellular models of VLCFA accumulation, we show that p.V433M decreases the conversion of VLCFA into very long-chain dicarboxylic acids by ω-oxidation, a potential escape route for the deficient peroxisomal β-oxidation of VLCFA in ALD. Although p.V433M does not affect the catalytic activity of CYP4F2 it reduces CYP4F2 protein levels markedly. These findings open perspectives for therapeutic interventions in a disease with currently limited treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E van Engen
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Ofman
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M E Dijkstra
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa Jacobs van Goethem
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Verheij
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer Varin
- INSERM U745, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Michel Vidaud
- INSERM U745, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ronald J A Wanders
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Aubourg
- INSERM U986, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Kemp
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Savas Ü, Wei S, Hsu MH, Falck JR, Guengerich FP, Capdevila JH, Johnson EF. 20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid (HETE)-dependent Hypertension in Human Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A11 Transgenic Mice: NORMALIZATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE BY SODIUM RESTRICTION, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE, OR BLOCKADE OF THE TYPE 1 ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:16904-19. [PMID: 27298316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.732297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Male and female homozygous 129/Sv mice carrying four copies of the human cytochrome P450 4A11 gene (CYP4A11) under control of its native promoter (B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+)) develop hypertension (142 ± 8 versus 113 ± 7 mm Hg systolic blood pressure (BP)), and exhibit increased 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in kidney and urine. The hypertension is reversible by a low-sodium diet and by the CYP4A inhibitor HET0016. B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+) mice display an 18% increase of plasma potassium (p < 0.02), but plasma aldosterone, angiotensin II (ANGII), and renin activities are unchanged. This phenotype resembles human genetic disorders with elevated activity of the sodium chloride co-transporter (NCC) and, accordingly, NCC abundance is increased by 50% in transgenic mice, and NCC levels are normalized by HET0016. ANGII is known to increase NCC abundance, and renal mRNA levels of its precursor angiotensinogen are increased 2-fold in B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+), and blockade of the ANGII receptor type 1 with losartan normalizes BP. A pro-hypertensive role for 20-HETE was implicated by normalization of BP and reversal of renal angiotensin mRNA increases by administration of the 20-HETE antagonists 2-((6Z,15Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-6,15-dienamido)acetate or (S)-2-((6Z,15Z)-20-hydroxyicosa-6,15-dienamido)succinate. SGK1 expression is also increased in B-129/Sv-4A11(+/+) mice and paralleled increases seen for NCC. Losartan, HET0016, and 20-HETE antagonists each normalized SGK1 mRNA expression. These results point to a potential 20-HETE dependence of intrarenal angiotensinogen production and ANGII receptor type 1 activation that are associated with increases in NCC and SGK1 and identify elevated P450 4A11 activity and 20-HETE as potential risk factors for salt-sensitive human hypertension by perturbation of the renal renin-angiotensin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Üzen Savas
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | - Mei-Hui Hsu
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - John R Falck
- the Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas 75390
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, and
| | | | - Eric F Johnson
- From the Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037,
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Fan F, Ge Y, Lv W, Elliott MR, Muroya Y, Hirata T, Booz GW, Roman RJ. Molecular mechanisms and cell signaling of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in vascular pathophysiology. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2016; 21:1427-63. [PMID: 27100515 DOI: 10.2741/4465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s enzymes catalyze the metabolism of arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and hydroxyeicosatetraeonic acid (HETEs). 20-HETE is a vasoconstrictor that depolarizes vascular smooth muscle cells by blocking K+ channels. EETs serve as endothelial derived hyperpolarizing factors. Inhibition of the formation of 20-HETE impairs the myogenic response and autoregulation of renal and cerebral blood flow. Changes in the formation of EETs and 20-HETE have been reported in hypertension and drugs that target these pathways alter blood pressure in animal models. Sequence variants in CYP4A11 and CYP4F2 that produce 20-HETE, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase involved in the biotransformation of 20-HETE and soluble epoxide hydrolase that inactivates EETs are associated with hypertension in human studies. 20-HETE contributes to the regulation of vascular hypertrophy, restenosis, angiogenesis and inflammation. It also promotes endothelial dysfunction and contributes to cerebral vasospasm and ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain, kidney and heart. This review will focus on the role of 20-HETE in vascular dysfunction, inflammation, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and cardiac and renal ischemia reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Matthew R Elliott
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Yoshikazu Muroya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Department of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216 and Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216,
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Dordea AC, Vandenwijngaert S, Garcia V, Tainsh RET, Nathan DI, Allen K, Raher MJ, Tainsh LT, Zhang F, Lieb WS, Mikelman S, Kirby A, Stevens C, Thoonen R, Hindle AG, Sips PY, Falck JR, Daly MJ, Brouckaert P, Bloch KD, Bloch DB, Malhotra R, Schwartzman ML, Buys ES. Androgen-sensitive hypertension associated with soluble guanylate cyclase-α1 deficiency is mediated by 20-HETE. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1790-800. [PMID: 27199131 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00877.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated nitric oxide (NO) signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension, a prevalent and often sex-specific risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We previously reported that mice deficient in the α1-subunit of the NO receptor soluble guanylate cyclase (sGCα1 (-/-) mice) display sex- and strain-specific hypertension: male but not female sGCα1 (-/-) mice are hypertensive on an 129S6 (S6) but not a C57BL6/J (B6) background. We aimed to uncover the genetic and molecular basis of the observed sex- and strain-specific blood pressure phenotype. Via linkage analysis, we identified a suggestive quantitative trait locus associated with elevated blood pressure in male sGCα1 (-/-)S6 mice. This locus encompasses Cyp4a12a, encoding the predominant murine synthase of the vasoconstrictor 20-hydroxy-5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Renal expression of Cyp4a12a in mice was associated with genetic background, sex, and testosterone levels. In addition, 20-HETE levels were higher in renal preglomerular microvessels of male sGCα1 (-/-)S6 than of male sGCα1 (-/-)B6 mice. Furthermore, treating male sGCα1 (-/-)S6 mice with the 20-HETE antagonist 20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoic acid (20-HEDE) lowered blood pressure. Finally, 20-HEDE rescued the genetic background- and testosterone-dependent impairment of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in renal interlobar arteries associated with sGCα1 deficiency. Elevated Cyp4a12a expression and 20-HETE levels render mice susceptible to hypertension and vascular dysfunction in a setting of sGCα1 deficiency. Our data identify Cyp4a12a as a candidate sex-specific blood pressure-modifying gene in the context of deficient NO-sGC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Dordea
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Vandenwijngaert
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Robert E T Tainsh
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel I Nathan
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kaitlin Allen
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michael J Raher
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laurel T Tainsh
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Wolfgang S Lieb
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sarah Mikelman
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Kirby
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christine Stevens
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Techonology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robrecht Thoonen
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Patrick Y Sips
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John R Falck
- Departments of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Techonology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Department for Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - Kenneth D Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donald B Bloch
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Emmanuel S Buys
- Anesthesia Center for Critical Care Research, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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50
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Shendre A, Brown TM, Liu N, Hill CE, Beasley TM, Nickerson DA, Limdi NA. Race-Specific Influence of CYP4F2 on Dose and Risk of Hemorrhage Among Warfarin Users. Pharmacotherapy 2016; 36:263-72. [PMID: 26877068 DOI: 10.1002/phar.1717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The p.V433M in cytochrome P450 4F2 (rs2108622, CYP4F2*3) is associated with a higher warfarin dose and lower risk of hemorrhage among European Americans. We evaluate the influence of CYP4F2*3 on warfarin dose, time to target international normalized ratio (INR), and stable dose, proportion of time spent in target range (PTTR), as well as the risk of overanticoagulation and hemorrhage among European and African Americans. DESIGN CYP4F2*3 was genotyped in 1238 patients initiated on warfarin in a prospective inception cohort. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess warfarin dose and PTTR; proportional hazards analysis was performed to evaluate time to target INR and stable dose, overanticoagulation, and hemorrhage. SETTING Two outpatient anticoagulation clinics. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1238 anticoagulated patients. OUTCOMES Warfarin dose (mg/day), time to target INR and stable dose, PTTR, overanticoagulation (INR more than 4), and major hemorrhage. RESULTS Minor allele frequency for the CYP4F2*3 variant was 30.3% among European Americans and 8.4% among African Americans. CYP4F2*3 was associated with higher dose among European Americans but not African Americans. Compared to CYP4F2*1/*1, *1/*3 was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increase in dose (4.5%, p=0.22) and *3/*3 was associated with a statistically significant increase in dose (13.2%, p=0.02). CYP4F2 genotype did not influence time to target INR, time to stable dose, or PTTR in either race group. CYP4F2*3/*3 was associated with a 31% lower risk of over anticoagulation (p=0.06). Incidence of hemorrhage was lower among participants with CYP4F2 *3/*3 compared with *1/*3 or *1/*1 (incidence rate ratio = 0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.14-1.11, p=0.09). After controlling for covariates, CYP4F2 *3/*3 was associated with a 52% lower risk of hemorrhage, although this was not statistically significant (p=0.24). CONCLUSION Possession of CYP4F2*3 variant influences warfarin dose among European Americans but not African Americans. The CYP4F2-dose, CYP4F2-overanticoagulation, and CYP4F2-hemorrhage association follows a recessive pattern with possession of CYP4F2*3/*3 genotype likely demonstrating a protective effect. These findings need further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Shendre
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Todd M Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Nianjun Liu
- Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Charles E Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - T Mark Beasley
- Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nita A Limdi
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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