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Collin SP, Yopak KE, Crowe-Riddell JM, Camilieri-Asch V, Kerr CC, Robins H, Ha MH, Ceddia A, Dutka TL, Chapuis L. Bioimaging of sense organs and the central nervous system in extant fishes and reptiles in situ: A review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 39223842 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioimaging is changing the field of sensory biology, especially for taxa that are lesser-known, rare, and logistically difficult to source. When integrated with traditional neurobiological approaches, developing an archival, digital repository of morphological images can offer the opportunity to improve our understanding of whole neural systems without the issues of surgical intervention and negate the risk of damage and artefactual interpretation. This review focuses on current approaches to bioimaging the peripheral (sense organs) and central (brain) nervous systems in extant fishes (cartilaginous and bony) and non-avian reptiles in situ. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro-computed tomography (μCT), both super-resolution track density imaging and diffusion tensor-based imaging, and a range of other new technological advances are presented, together with novel approaches in optimizing both contrast and resolution, for developing detailed neuroanatomical atlases and enhancing comparative analyses of museum specimens. For MRI, tissue preparation, including choice of fixative, impacts tissue MR responses, where both resolving power and signal-to-noise ratio improve as field strength increases. Time in fixative, concentration of contrast agent, and duration of immersion in the contrast agent can also significantly affect relaxation times, and thus image quality. For μCT, the use of contrast-enhancing stains (iodine-, non-iodine-, or nanoparticle-based) is critical, where the type of fixative used, and the concentration of stain and duration of staining time often require species-specific optimization. Advanced reconstruction algorithms to reduce noise and artifacts and post-processing techniques, such as deconvolution and filtering, are now being used to improve image quality and resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P Collin
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kara E Yopak
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jenna M Crowe-Riddell
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Victoria Camilieri-Asch
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caroline C Kerr
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hope Robins
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myoung Hoon Ha
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annalise Ceddia
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Travis L Dutka
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucille Chapuis
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Leigh Marine Laboratory, Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Leigh, New Zealand
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2
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Goodman SJ, Luperchio TR, Ellegood J, Chater-Diehl E, Lerch JP, Bjornsson HT, Weksberg R. Peripheral blood DNA methylation and neuroanatomical responses to HDACi treatment that rescues neurological deficits in a Kabuki syndrome mouse model. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:172. [PMID: 37884963 PMCID: PMC10605417 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings from studies of mouse models of Mendelian disorders of epigenetic machinery strongly support the potential for postnatal therapies to improve neurobehavioral and cognitive deficits. As several of these therapies move into human clinical trials, the search for biomarkers of treatment efficacy is a priority. A potential postnatal treatment of Kabuki syndrome type 1 (KS1), caused by pathogenic variants in KMT2D encoding a histone-lysine methyltransferase, has emerged using a mouse model of KS1 (Kmt2d+/βGeo). In this mouse model, hippocampal memory deficits are ameliorated following treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), AR-42. Here, we investigate the effect of both Kmt2d+/βGeo genotype and AR-42 treatment on neuroanatomy and on DNA methylation (DNAm) in peripheral blood. While peripheral blood may not be considered a "primary tissue" with respect to understanding the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, it has the potential to serve as an accessible biomarker of disease- and treatment-related changes in the brain. METHODS Half of the KS1 and wildtype mice were treated with 14 days of AR-42. Following treatment, fixed brain samples were imaged using MRI to calculate regional volumes. Blood was assayed for genome-wide DNAm at over 285,000 CpG sites using the Illumina Infinium Mouse Methylation array. DNAm patterns and brain volumes were analyzed in the four groups of animals: wildtype untreated, wildtype AR-42 treated, KS1 untreated and KS1 AR-42 treated. RESULTS We defined a DNAm signature in the blood of KS1 mice, that overlapped with the human KS1 DNAm signature. We also found a striking 10% decrease in total brain volume in untreated KS1 mice compared to untreated wildtype, which correlated with DNAm levels in a subset KS1 signature sites, suggesting that disease severity may be reflected in blood DNAm. Treatment with AR-42 ameliorated DNAm aberrations in KS1 mice at a small number of signature sites. CONCLUSIONS As this treatment impacts both neurological deficits and blood DNAm in mice, future KS clinical trials in humans could be used to assess blood DNAm as an early biomarker of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teresa Romeo Luperchio
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eric Chater-Diehl
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans Tomas Bjornsson
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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3
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Donovan APA, Rosko L, Ellegood J, Redhead Y, Green JBA, Lerch JP, Huang JK, Basson MA. Pervasive cortical and white matter anomalies in a mouse model for CHARGE syndrome. J Anat 2023; 243:51-65. [PMID: 36914558 PMCID: PMC10273342 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth, Genital anomalies and Ear abnormalities) syndrome is a disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding CHD7, an ATP dependent chromatin remodelling factor, and is characterised by a diverse array of congenital anomalies. These include a range of neuroanatomical comorbidities which likely underlie the varied neurodevelopmental disorders associated with CHARGE syndrome, which include intellectual disability, motor coordination deficits, executive dysfunction, and autism spectrum disorder. Cranial imaging studies are challenging in CHARGE syndrome patients, but high-throughput magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in mouse models allow for the unbiased identification of neuroanatomical defects. Here, we present a comprehensive neuroanatomical survey of a Chd7 haploinsufficient mouse model of CHARGE syndrome. Our study uncovered widespread brain hypoplasia and reductions in white matter volume across the brain. The severity of hypoplasia appeared more pronounced in posterior areas of the neocortex compared to anterior regions. We also perform the first assessment of white matter tract integrity in this model through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess the potential functional consequences of widespread reductions in myelin, which suggested the presence of white matter integrity defects. To determine if white matter alterations correspond to cellular changes, we quantified oligodendrocyte lineage cells in the postnatal corpus callosum, uncovering reduced numbers of mature oligodendrocytes. Together, these results present a range of promising avenues of focus for future cranial imaging studies in CHARGE syndrome patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. A. Donovan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lauren Rosko
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Yushi Redhead
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging CentreThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsThe University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Preclinical Imaging, Wellcome Centre for Integrative NeuroimagingUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Jeffrey K. Huang
- Department of BiologyGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Interdisciplinary Program in NeuroscienceGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
- Centre for Cell ReprogrammingGeorgetown UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - M. Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental DisordersKing's College LondonLondonUK
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4
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Lin CW, Ellegood J, Tamada K, Miura I, Konda M, Takeshita K, Atarashi K, Lerch JP, Wakana S, McHugh TJ, Takumi T. An old model with new insights: endogenous retroviruses drive the evolvement toward ASD susceptibility and hijack transcription machinery during development. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1932-1945. [PMID: 36882500 PMCID: PMC10575786 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The BTBR T+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR/J) strain is one of the most valid models of idiopathic autism, serving as a potent forward genetics tool to dissect the complexity of autism. We found that a sister strain with an intact corpus callosum, BTBR TF/ArtRbrc (BTBR/R), showed more prominent autism core symptoms but moderate ultrasonic communication/normal hippocampus-dependent memory, which may mimic autism in the high functioning spectrum. Intriguingly, disturbed epigenetic silencing mechanism leads to hyperactive endogenous retrovirus (ERV), a mobile genetic element of ancient retroviral infection, which increases de novo copy number variation (CNV) formation in the two BTBR strains. This feature makes the BTBR strain a still evolving multiple-loci model toward higher ASD susceptibility. Furthermore, active ERV, analogous to virus infection, evades the integrated stress response (ISR) of host defense and hijacks the transcriptional machinery during embryonic development in the BTBR strains. These results suggest dual roles of ERV in the pathogenesis of ASD, driving host genome evolution at a long-term scale and managing cellular pathways in response to viral infection, which has immediate effects on embryonic development. The wild-type Draxin expression in BTBR/R also makes this substrain a more precise model to investigate the core etiology of autism without the interference of impaired forebrain bundles as in BTBR/J.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Lin
- Laboratory for Mental Biology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Kota Tamada
- Laboratory for Mental Biology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ikuo Miura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Mikiko Konda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Takeshita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi, 230-0045, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, OX39DU, UK
| | - Shigeharu Wakana
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Thomas J McHugh
- Laboratory for Circuit and Behavioral Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- Laboratory for Mental Biology, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, 351-0198, Saitama, Japan.
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, 650-0017, Kobe, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Chuo, 650-0047, Kobe, Japan.
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5
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Warren EB, Briano JA, Ellegood J, DeYoung T, Lerch JP, Morrow EM. 17q12 deletion syndrome mouse model shows defects in craniofacial, brain and kidney development, and glucose homeostasis. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049752. [PMID: 36373506 PMCID: PMC10655816 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
17q12 deletion (17q12Del) syndrome is a copy number variant (CNV) disorder associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and renal cysts and diabetes syndrome (RCAD). Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, we generated a mouse model of 17q12Del syndrome on both inbred (C57BL/6N) and outbred (CD-1) genetic backgrounds. On C57BL/6N, the 17q12Del mice had severe head development defects, potentially mediated by haploinsufficiency of Lhx1, a gene within the interval that controls head development. Phenotypes included brain malformations, particularly disruption of the telencephalon and craniofacial defects. On the CD-1 background, the 17q12Del mice survived to adulthood and showed milder craniofacial and brain abnormalities. We report postnatal brain defects using automated magnetic resonance imaging-based morphometry. In addition, we demonstrate renal and blood glucose abnormalities relevant to RCAD. On both genetic backgrounds, we found sex-specific presentations, with male 17q12Del mice exhibiting higher penetrance and more severe phenotypes. Results from these experiments pinpoint specific developmental defects and pathways that guide clinical studies and a mechanistic understanding of the human 17q12Del syndrome. This mouse mutant represents the first and only experimental model to date for the 17q12 CNV disorder. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B. Warren
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Juan A. Briano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Taylor DeYoung
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eric M. Morrow
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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6
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Bakalar D, O’Reilly JJ, Lacaille H, Salzbank J, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Sasaki T, Imamura Y, Hashimoto-Torii K, Vacher CM, Penn AA. Lack of placental neurosteroid alters cortical development and female somatosensory function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:972033. [PMID: 36313771 PMCID: PMC9606442 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.972033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental endocrine function is essential to fetal brain development. Placental hormones include neurosteroids such as allopregnanolone (ALLO), a regulator of neurodevelopmental processes via positive allosteric modulation of the GABAA receptor (GABAA-R). Using a mouse model (plKO) in which the gene encoding the ALLO synthesis enzyme is specifically deleted in trophoblasts, we previously showed that placental ALLO insufficiency alters cerebellar white matter development and leads to male-specific autistic-like behavior. We now demonstrate that the lack of placental ALLO causes female-predominant alterations of cortical development and function. Placental ALLO insufficiency disrupts cell proliferation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in a sex-linked manner. Early changes are seen in plKO embryos of both sexes, but persist primarily in female offspring after birth. Adolescent plKO females show significant reduction in pyramidal neuron density, as well as somatosensory behavioral deficits as compared with plKO males and control littermates. Assessment of layer-specific markers in human postmortem cortices suggests that preterm infants may also have female-biased abnormalities in cortical layer specification as compared with term infants. This study establishes a novel and fundamental link between placental function and sex-linked long-term neurological outcomes, emphasizing the importance of the growing field of neuroplacentology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Bakalar
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jiaqi J. O’Reilly
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Helene Lacaille
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacquelyn Salzbank
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s Research Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Claire-Marie Vacher
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Anna A. Penn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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7
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Clipperton-Allen AE, Swick H, Botero V, Aceti M, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Page DT. Pten haploinsufficiency causes desynchronized growth of brain areas involved in sensory processing. iScience 2022; 25:103796. [PMID: 35198865 PMCID: PMC8844819 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
How changes in brain scaling relate to altered behavior is an important question in neurodevelopmental disorder research. Mice with germline Pten haploinsufficiency (Pten +/-) closely mirror the abnormal brain scaling and behavioral deficits seen in humans with macrocephaly/autism syndrome, which is caused by PTEN mutations. We explored whether deviation from normal patterns of growth can predict behavioral abnormalities. Brain regions associated with sensory processing (e.g., pons and inferior colliculus) had the biggest deviations from expected volume. While Pten +/- mice showed little or no abnormal behavior on most assays, both sexes showed sensory deficits, including impaired sensorimotor gating and hyporeactivity to high-intensity stimuli. Developmental analysis of this phenotype showed sexual dimorphism for hyporeactivity. Mapping behavioral phenotypes of Pten +/- mice onto relevant brain regions suggested abnormal behavior is likely when associated with relatively enlarged brain regions, while unchanged or relatively decreased brain regions have little predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Swick
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Valentina Botero
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA,Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Massimiliano Aceti
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7, Canada,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Damon T. Page
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA,Doctoral Program in Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences at Scripps Research, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA,Corresponding author
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8
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A ketogenic diet affects brain volume and metabolome in juvenile mice. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118542. [PMID: 34530134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat and low-carbohydrate therapy for medically intractable epilepsy, and its applications in other neurological conditions, including those occurring in children, have been increasingly tested. However, how KD affects childhood neurodevelopment, a highly sensitive and plastic process, is not clear. In this study, we explored structural, metabolic, and functional consequences of a brief treatment of a strict KD (weight ratio of fat to carbohydrate plus protein is approximately 6.3:1) in naive juvenile mice of different inbred strains, using a multidisciplinary approach. Systemic measurements using magnetic resonance imaging revealed that unexpectedly, the volumes of most brain structures in KD-fed mice were about 90% of those in mice of the same strain but fed a standard diet. The reductions in volumes were nonselective, including different regions throughout the brain, the ventricles, and the white matter. The relative volumes of different brain structures were unaltered. Additionally, as KD is a metabolism-based treatment, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling to explore potential means by which KD affected brain growth and to identify metabolic changes in the brain. We found that brain metabolomic profile was significantly impacted by KD, through both distinct and common pathways in different mouse strains. To explore whether the volumetric and metabolic changes induced by this KD treatment were associated with functional consequences, we recorded spontaneous EEG to measure brain network activity. Results demonstrated limited alterations in EEG patterns in KD-fed animals. In addition, we observed that cortical levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a critical molecule in neurodevelopment, did not change in KD-fed animals. Together, these findings indicate that a strict KD could affect volumetric development and metabolic profile of the brain in inbred juvenile mice, while global network activities and BDNF signaling in the brain were mostly preserved. Whether the volumetric and metabolic changes are related to any core functional consequences during neurodevelopment and whether they are also observed in humans need to be further investigated. In addition, our results indicate that certain outcomes of KD are specific to the individual mouse strains tested, suggesting that the physiological profiles of individuals may need to be examined to maximize the clinical benefit of KD.
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Animal models of developmental dyslexia: Where we are and what we are missing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:1180-1197. [PMID: 34699847 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder and the most common learning disability among both school-aged children and across languages. Recently, sensory and cognitive mechanisms have been reported to be potential endophenotypes (EPs) for DD, and nine DD-candidate genes have been identified. Animal models have been used to investigate the etiopathological pathways that underlie the development of complex traits, as they enable the effects of genetic and/or environmental manipulations to be evaluated. Animal research designs have also been linked to cutting-edge clinical research questions by capitalizing on the use of EPs. For the present scoping review, we reviewed previous studies of murine models investigating the effects of DD-candidate genes. Moreover, we highlighted the use of animal models as an innovative way to unravel new insights behind the pathophysiology of reading (dis)ability and to assess cutting-edge preclinical models.
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10
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Vacher CM, Lacaille H, O'Reilly JJ, Salzbank J, Bakalar D, Sebaoui S, Liere P, Clarkson-Paredes C, Sasaki T, Sathyanesan A, Kratimenos P, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Imamura Y, Popratiloff A, Hashimoto-Torii K, Gallo V, Schumacher M, Penn AA. Placental endocrine function shapes cerebellar development and social behavior. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1392-1401. [PMID: 34400844 PMCID: PMC8481124 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compromised placental function or premature loss has been linked to diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we show that placenta allopregnanolone (ALLO), a progesterone-derived GABA-A receptor (GABAAR) modulator, reduction alters neurodevelopment in a sex-linked manner. A new conditional mouse model, in which the gene encoding ALLO's synthetic enzyme (akr1c14) is specifically deleted in trophoblasts, directly demonstrated that placental ALLO insufficiency led to cerebellar white matter abnormalities that correlated with autistic-like behavior only in male offspring. A single injection of ALLO or muscimol, a GABAAR agonist, during late gestation abolished these alterations. Comparison of male and female human preterm infant cerebellum also showed sex-linked myelination marker alteration, suggesting similarities between mouse placental ALLO insufficiency and human preterm brain development. This study reveals a new role for a placental hormone in shaping brain regions and behaviors in a sex-linked manner. Placental hormone replacement might offer novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent later neurobehavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Marie Vacher
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Helene Lacaille
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqi J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Salzbank
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Bakalar
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Sebaoui
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | | | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aaron Sathyanesan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- The George Washington University, Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University, SMHS, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anna A Penn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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11
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Gileadi TE, Swamy AK, Hore Z, Horswell S, Ellegood J, Mohan C, Mizuno K, Lundebye AK, Giese KP, Stockinger B, Hogstrand C, Lerch JP, Fernandes C, Basson MA. Effects of Low-Dose Gestational TCDD Exposure on Behavior and on Hippocampal Neuron Morphology and Gene Expression in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57002. [PMID: 33956508 PMCID: PMC8101924 DOI: 10.1289/ehp7352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent and toxic environmental pollutant. Gestational exposure to TCDD has been linked to cognitive and motor deficits, and increased incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) traits in children. Most animal studies of these neurodevelopmental effects involve acute TCDD exposure, which does not model typical exposure in humans. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to establish a dietary low-dose gestational TCDD exposure protocol and performed an initial characterization of the effects on offspring behavior, neurodevelopmental phenotypes, and gene expression. METHODS Throughout gestation, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were fed a diet containing a low dose of TCDD (9 ng TCDD/kg body weight per day) or a control diet. The offspring were tested in a battery of behavioral tests, and structural brain alterations were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging. The dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA)1 area was analyzed. RNA sequencing was performed on hippocampi of postnatal day 14 TCDD-exposed and control offspring. RESULTS TCDD-exposed females displayed subtle deficits in motor coordination and reversal learning. Volumetric difference between diet groups were observed in regions of the hippocampal formation, mammillary bodies, and cerebellum, alongside higher dendritic arborization of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of TCDD-exposed females. RNA-seq analysis identified 405 differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus, enriched for genes with functions in regulation of microtubules, axon guidance, extracellular matrix, and genes regulated by SMAD3. DISCUSSION Exposure to 9 ng TCDD/kg body weight per day throughout gestation was sufficient to cause specific behavioral and structural brain phenotypes in offspring. Our data suggest that alterations in SMAD3-regulated microtubule polymerization in the developing postnatal hippocampus may lead to an abnormal morphology of neuronal dendrites that persists into adulthood. These findings show that environmental low-dose gestational exposure to TCDD can have significant, long-term impacts on brain development and function. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7352.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia E. Gileadi
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Abhyuday K. Swamy
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe Hore
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart Horswell
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conor Mohan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Keiko Mizuno
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | - K. Peter Giese
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King’s College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
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12
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A fully segmented 3D anatomical atlas of a lizard brain. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:1727-1741. [PMID: 33929568 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As the relevance of lizards in evolutionary neuroscience increases, so does the need for more accurate anatomical references. Moreover, the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evolutionary neuroscience is becoming more widespread; this represents a fundamental methodological shift that opens new avenues of investigative possibility but also poses new challenges. Here, we aim to facilitate this shift by providing a three-dimensional segmentation atlas of the tawny dragon brain. The tawny dragon (Ctenophorus decresii) is an Australian lizard of increasing importance as a model system in ecology and, as a member of the agamid lizards, in evolution. Based on a consensus average 3D image generated from the MRIs of 13 male tawny dragon heads, we identify and segment 224 structures visible across the entire lizard brain. We describe the relevance of this atlas to the field of evolutionary neuroscience and propose further experiments for which this atlas can provide the foundation. This advance in defining lizard neuroanatomy will facilitate numerous studies in evolutionary neuroscience. The atlas is available for download as a supplementary material to this manuscript and through the Open Science Framework (OSF; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/UJENQ ).
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13
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Tamming RJ, Dumeaux V, Jiang Y, Shafiq S, Langlois L, Ellegood J, Qiu LR, Lerch JP, Bérubé NG. Atrx Deletion in Neurons Leads to Sexually Dimorphic Dysregulation of miR-137 and Spatial Learning and Memory Deficits. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107838. [PMID: 32610139 PMCID: PMC7326465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ATRX gene mutations have been identified in syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disabilities in humans. ATRX is known to maintain genomic stability in neuroprogenitor cells, but its function in differentiated neurons and memory processes remains largely unresolved. Here, we show that the deletion of neuronal Atrx in mice leads to distinct hippocampal structural defects, fewer presynaptic vesicles, and an enlarged postsynaptic area at CA1 apical dendrite-axon junctions. We identify male-specific impairments in long-term contextual memory and in synaptic gene expression, linked to altered miR-137 levels. We show that ATRX directly binds to the miR-137 locus and that the enrichment of the suppressive histone mark H3K27me3 is significantly reduced upon the loss of ATRX. We conclude that the ablation of ATRX in excitatory forebrain neurons leads to sexually dimorphic effects on miR-137 expression and on spatial memory, identifying a potential therapeutic target for neurological defects caused by ATRX dysfunction. Loss of ATRX in neurons has sexually dimorphic effects on long-term spatial memory Targeted deletion of neuronal ATRX in mice causes ultrastructural synaptic defects ATRX null neurons show sex-specific changes in miR-137 and target synaptic transcripts ATRX directly binds and suppresses miR-137 in males via enrichment of H3K27me3
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J Tamming
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vanessa Dumeaux
- Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yan Jiang
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Sarfraz Shafiq
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Luana Langlois
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nathalie G Bérubé
- Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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14
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Ellegood J, Petkova SP, Kinman A, Qiu LR, Adhikari A, Wade AA, Fernandes D, Lindenmaier Z, Creighton A, Nutter LMJ, Nord AS, Silverman JL, Lerch JP. Neuroanatomy and behavior in mice with a haploinsufficiency of AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B) throughout development. Mol Autism 2021; 12:25. [PMID: 33757588 PMCID: PMC7986278 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-021-00432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the causal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is chromatin modification and the genes that regulate chromatin. AT-rich interactive domain 1B (ARID1B), a chromatin modifier, has been linked to autism spectrum disorder and to affect rare and inherited genetic variation in a broad set of NDDs. METHODS A novel preclinical mouse model of Arid1b deficiency was created and validated to characterize and define neuroanatomical, behavioral and transcriptional phenotypes. Neuroanatomy was assessed ex vivo in adult animals and in vivo longitudinally from birth to adulthood. Behavioral testing was also performed throughout development and tested all aspects of motor, learning, sociability, repetitive behaviors, seizure susceptibility, and general milestones delays. RESULTS We validated decreased Arid1b mRNA and protein in Arid1b+/- mice, with signatures of increased axonal and synaptic gene expression, decreased transcriptional regulator and RNA processing expression in adult Arid1b+/- cerebellum. During neonatal development, Arid1b+/- mice exhibited robust impairments in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and metrics of developmental growth. In addition, a striking sex effect was observed neuroanatomically throughout development. Behaviorally, as adults, Arid1b+/- mice showed low motor skills in open field exploration and normal three-chambered approach. Arid1b+/- mice had learning and memory deficits in novel object recognition but not in visual discrimination and reversal touchscreen tasks. Social interactions in the male-female social dyad with USVs revealed social deficits on some but not all parameters. No repetitive behaviors were observed. Brains of adult Arid1b+/- mice had a smaller cerebellum and a larger hippocampus and corpus callosum. The corpus callosum increase seen here contrasts previous reports which highlight losses in corpus callosum volume in mice and humans. LIMITATIONS The behavior and neuroimaging analyses were done on separate cohorts of mice, which did not allow a direct correlation between the imaging and behavioral findings, and the transcriptomic analysis was exploratory, with no validation of altered expression beyond Arid1b. CONCLUSIONS This study represents a full validation and investigation of a novel model of Arid1b+/- haploinsufficiency throughout development and highlights the importance of examining both sexes throughout development in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.
| | - S P Petkova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - A Kinman
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - L R Qiu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - A A Wade
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - D Fernandes
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Lindenmaier
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Creighton
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L M J Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A S Nord
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J L Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - J P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Amaya JM, Suidgeest E, Sahut-Barnola I, Dumontet T, Montanier N, Pagès G, Keller C, van der Weerd L, Pereira AM, Martinez A, Meijer OC. Effects of Long-Term Endogenous Corticosteroid Exposure on Brain Volume and Glial Cells in the AdKO Mouse. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:604103. [PMID: 33642975 PMCID: PMC7902940 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.604103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to high circulating levels of glucocorticoids has detrimental effects on health, including metabolic abnormalities, as exemplified in Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have found volumetric changes in gray and white matter of the brain in CS patients during the course of active disease, but also in remission. In order to explore this further, we performed MRI-based brain volumetric analyses in the AdKO mouse model for CS, which presents its key traits. AdKO mice had reduced relative volumes in several brain regions, including the corpus callosum and cortical areas. The medial amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and hypothalamus were increased in relative volume. Furthermore, we found a lower immunoreactivity of myelin basic protein (MBP, an oligodendrocyte marker) in several brain regions but a paradoxically increased MBP signal in the male cingulate cortex. We also observed a decrease in the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a marker for reactive astrocytes) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBA1, a marker for activated microglia) in the cingulate regions of the anterior corpus callosum and the hippocampus. We conclude that long-term hypercorticosteronemia induced brain region-specific changes that might include aberrant myelination and a degree of white matter damage, as both repair (GFAP) and immune (IBA1) responses are decreased. These findings suggest a cause for the changes observed in the brains of human patients and serve as a background for further exploration of their subcellular and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Miguel Amaya
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ernst Suidgeest
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Sahut-Barnola
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nathanaëlle Montanier
- Génétique Reproduction et Développement, Université Clermont-Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guilhem Pagès
- INRAE, AgroResonance, QuaPA UR370, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Cécile Keller
- INRAE, AgroResonance, QuaPA UR370, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Louise van der Weerd
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.,Human Genetics Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Alberto M Pereira
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Antoine Martinez
- INRAE, AgroResonance, QuaPA UR370, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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16
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Kelly E, Meng F, Fujita H, Morgado F, Kazemi Y, Rice LC, Ren C, Escamilla CO, Gibson JM, Sajadi S, Pendry RJ, Tan T, Ellegood J, Basson MA, Blakely RD, Dindot SV, Golzio C, Hahn MK, Katsanis N, Robins DM, Silverman JL, Singh KK, Wevrick R, Taylor MJ, Hammill C, Anagnostou E, Pfeiffer BE, Stoodley CJ, Lerch JP, du Lac S, Tsai PT. Regulation of autism-relevant behaviors by cerebellar-prefrontal cortical circuits. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1102-1110. [PMID: 32661395 PMCID: PMC7483861 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cerebellar dysfunction has been demonstrated in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs); however, the circuits underlying cerebellar contributions to ASD-relevant behaviors remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrated functional connectivity between the cerebellum and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in mice; showed that the mPFC mediates cerebellum-regulated social and repetitive/inflexible behaviors; and showed disruptions in connectivity between these regions in multiple mouse models of ASD-linked genes and in individuals with ASD. We delineated a circuit from cerebellar cortical areas Right crus 1 (Rcrus1) and posterior vermis through the cerebellar nuclei and ventromedial thalamus and culminating in the mPFC. Modulation of this circuit induced social deficits and repetitive behaviors, whereas activation of Purkinje cells (PCs) in Rcrus1 and posterior vermis improved social preference impairments and repetitive/inflexible behaviors, respectively, in male PC-Tsc1 mutant mice. These data raise the possibility that these circuits might provide neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyza Kelly
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fantao Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hirofumi Fujita
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Felipe Morgado
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yasaman Kazemi
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Laura C Rice
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chongyu Ren
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christine Ochoa Escamilla
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gibson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sanaz Sajadi
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Pendry
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tommy Tan
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Randy D Blakely
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Scott V Dindot
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Maureen K Hahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- ACT-GeM, Department of Human Genetics at Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute; Department of Pediatrics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diane M Robins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jill L Silverman
- MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karun K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Wevrick
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Department of Medical Imaging and Psychology, University of Toronto; Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Christopher Hammill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, ON, USA
| | - Brad E Pfeiffer
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sascha du Lac
- Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter T Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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17
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Sinha A, Ahmed S, George C, Tsagaris M, Naufer A, von Both I, Tkachyova I, van Eede M, Henkelman M, Schulze A. Magnetic resonance imaging reveals specific anatomical changes in the brain of Agat- and Gamt-mice attributed to creatine depletion and guanidinoacetate alteration. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:827-842. [PMID: 31951021 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase- and guanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency are severe neurodevelopmental disorders. It is not known whether mouse models of disease express a neuroanatomical phenotype. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with advanced image analysis was performed in perfused, fixed mouse brains encapsulated with the skull from male, 10-12 week old Agat -exc and B6J.Cg-Gamt tm1Isb mice (n = 48; n = 8 per genotype, strain). T2-weighted MRI scans were nonlinearly aligned to a 3D atlas of the mouse brain with 62 structures identified. Local differences in brain shape related to genotype were assessed by analysis of deformation fields. Creatine (Cr) and guanidinoacetate (GAA) were measured with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in brain homogenates (n = 24; n = 4 per genotype, strain) after whole-body perfusion. Cr was decreased in the brain of Agat- and Gamt mutant mice. GAA was decreased in Agat-/- and increased in Gamt-/- . Body weight and brain volume were lower in Agat-/- than in Gamt-/- . The analysis of entire brain structures revealed corpus callosum, internal capsule, fimbria and hypothalamus being different between the genotypes in both strains. Eighteen and fourteen significant peaks (local areas of difference in relative size) were found in Agat- and Gamt mutants, respectively. Comparing Agat-/- with Gamt-/- , we found changes in three brain regions, lateral septum, amygdala, and medulla. Intra-strain differences in four brain structures can be associated with Cr deficiency, while the inter-strain differences in three brain structures of the mutant mice may relate to GAA. Correlating these neuroanatomical findings with gene expression data implies the role of Cr metabolism in the developing brain and the importance of early intervention in patients with Cr deficiency syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sinha
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sohail Ahmed
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris George
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melina Tsagaris
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amriya Naufer
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ingo von Both
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ilona Tkachyova
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthijs van Eede
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Center of Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Toronto Center of Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas Schulze
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Petkova SP, Pride M, Klocke C, Fenton TA, White J, Lein PJ, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Silverman JL, Waldau B. Cyclin D2-knock-out mice with attenuated dentate gyrus neurogenesis have robust deficits in long-term memory formation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8204. [PMID: 32424171 PMCID: PMC7235216 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurobehavioral studies have produced contradictory findings concerning the function of neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Previous studies have proved inconsistent across several behavioral endpoints thought to be dependent on dentate neurogenesis, including memory acquisition, short-term and long-term retention of memory, pattern separation, and reversal learning. We hypothesized that the main function of dentate neurogenesis is long-term memory formation because we assumed that a newly formed and integrated neuron would have a long-term impact on the local neural network. We used a cyclin D2-knock-out (cyclin D2−/−) mouse model of endogenously deficient dentate neurogenesis to test this hypothesis. We found that cyclin D2−/− mice had robust and sustained loss of long-term memory in two separate behavioral tasks, Morris water maze (MWM) and touchscreen intermediate pattern separation. Moreover, after adjusting for differences in brain volumes determined by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, reduced dentate neurogenesis moderately correlated with deficits in memory retention after 24 hours. Importantly, cyclin D2−/− mice did not show deficits in learning acquisition in a touchscreen paradigm of intermediate pattern separation or MWM platform location, indicating intact short-term memory. Further evaluation of cyclin D2−/− mice is necessary to confirm that deficits are specifically linked to dentate gyrus neurogenesis since cyclin D2−/− mice also have a reduced size of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum and cortex besides reduced dentate gyrus neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela P Petkova
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US
| | - Michael Pride
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US
| | - Carolyn Klocke
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, US
| | - Timothy A Fenton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US
| | - Jeannine White
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US
| | - Pamela J Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, 95616, US.,MIND Institute, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience,The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Jill L Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US.,MIND Institute, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US
| | - Ben Waldau
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, 95817, US.
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19
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Lackie RE, Razzaq AR, Farhan SMK, Qiu LR, Moshitzky G, Beraldo FH, Lopes MH, Maciejewski A, Gros R, Fan J, Choy WY, Greenberg DS, Martins VR, Duennwald ML, Lerch JP, Soreq H, Prado VF, Prado MAM. Modulation of hippocampal neuronal resilience during aging by the Hsp70/Hsp90 co-chaperone STI1. J Neurochem 2019; 153:727-758. [PMID: 31562773 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chaperone networks are dysregulated with aging, but whether compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone function disturbs neuronal resilience is unknown. Stress-inducible phosphoprotein 1 (STI1; STIP1; HOP) is a co-chaperone that simultaneously interacts with Hsp70 and Hsp90, but whose function in vivo remains poorly understood. We combined in-depth analysis of chaperone genes in human datasets, analysis of a neuronal cell line lacking STI1 and of a mouse line with a hypomorphic Stip1 allele to investigate the requirement for STI1 in aging. Our experiments revealed that dysfunctional STI1 activity compromised Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone network and neuronal resilience. The levels of a set of Hsp90 co-chaperones and client proteins were selectively affected by reduced levels of STI1, suggesting that their stability depends on functional Hsp70/Hsp90 machinery. Analysis of human databases revealed a subset of co-chaperones, including STI1, whose loss of function is incompatible with life in mammals, albeit they are not essential in yeast. Importantly, mice expressing a hypomorphic STI1 allele presented spontaneous age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration and reduced hippocampal volume, with consequent spatial memory deficit. We suggest that impaired STI1 function compromises Hsp70/Hsp90 chaperone activity in mammals and can by itself cause age-dependent hippocampal neurodegeneration in mice. Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14749.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lackie
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdul R Razzaq
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sali M K Farhan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gilli Moshitzky
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Flavio H Beraldo
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marilene H Lopes
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory of Neurobiology and Stem cells, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrzej Maciejewski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robert Gros
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jue Fan
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wing-Yiu Choy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Greenberg
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vilma R Martins
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin L Duennwald
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vania F Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been hypothesized to be a result of altered connectivity in the brain. Recent imaging studies suggest accelerated maturation of the white matter in young children with ASD, with underlying mechanisms unknown. Myelin is an integral part of the white matter and critical for connectivity; however, its role in ASD remains largely unclear. Here, we investigated myelin development in a model of idiopathic ASD, the BTBR mice. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that fiber tracts in the frontal brain of the BTBR mice had increased volume at postnatal day 6, but the difference reduced over time, reminiscent of the findings in young patients. We further identified that myelination in the frontal brain of both male and female neonatal BTBR mice was increased, associated with elevated levels of myelin basic protein. However, myelin pattern was unaltered in adult BTBR mice, revealing accelerated developmental trajectory of myelination. Consistently, we found that signaling of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) was reduced in the frontal brain of neonatal BTBR mice. However, levels of microRNA species known to regulate PDGFRα signaling and myelination were unaltered. Together, these results suggest that precocious myelination could potentially contribute to increased volume and connectivity of the white matter observed in young children with ASD.
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21
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Adult Pgf -/- mice behaviour and neuroanatomy are altered by neonatal treatment with recombinant placental growth factor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9285. [PMID: 31243296 PMCID: PMC6594955 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Offspring of preeclamptic pregnancies have cognitive alterations. Placental growth factor (PGF), is low in preeclampsia; reduced levels may affect brain development. PGF-null mice differ from normal congenic controls in cerebrovasculature, neuroanatomy and behavior. Using brain imaging and behavioral testing, we asked whether developmentally asynchronous (i.e. neonatal) PGF supplementation alters the vascular, neuroanatomic and/or behavioral status of Pgf−/− mice at adulthood. C57BL/6-Pgf−/− pups were treated intraperitoneally on postnatal days 1–10 with vehicle or PGF at 10 pg/g, 70 pg/g or 700 pg/g. These mice underwent behavioral testing and perfusion for MRI and analysis of retinal vasculature. A second cohort of vehicle- or PGF-treated mice was perfused for micro-CT imaging. 10 pg/g PGF-treated mice exhibited less locomotor activity and greater anxiety-like behavior relative to vehicle-treated mice. Depressive-like behavior showed a sex-specific, dose-dependent decrease and was lowest in 700 pg/g PGF-treated females relative to vehicle-treated females. Spatial learning did not differ. MRI revealed smaller volume of three structures in the 10 pg/g group, larger volume of seven structures in the 70 pg/g group and smaller volume of one structure in the 700 pg/g group. No cerebral or retinal vascular differences were detected. Overall, neonatal PGF replacement altered behavior and neuroanatomy of adult Pgf−/− mice.
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22
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Arbogast T, Razaz P, Ellegood J, McKinstry SU, Erdin S, Currall B, Aneichyk T, Lerch JP, Qiu LR, Rodriguiz RM, Henkelman RM, Talkowski ME, Wetsel WC, Golzio C, Katsanis N. Kctd13-deficient mice display short-term memory impairment and sex-dependent genetic interactions. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:1474-1486. [PMID: 30590535 PMCID: PMC6489413 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The 16p11.2 BP4-BP5 deletion and duplication syndromes are associated with a complex spectrum of neurodevelopmental phenotypes that includes developmental delay and autism spectrum disorder, with a reciprocal effect on head circumference, brain structure and body mass index. Mouse models of the 16p11.2 copy number variant have recapitulated some of the patient phenotypes, while studies in flies and zebrafish have uncovered several candidate contributory genes within the region, as well as complex genetic interactions. We evaluated one of these loci, KCTD13, by modeling haploinsufficiency and complete knockout in mice. In contrast to the zebrafish model, and in agreement with recent data, we found normal brain structure in heterozygous and homozygous mutants. However, recapitulating previously observed genetic interactions, we discovered sex-specific brain volumetric alterations in double heterozygous Kctd13xMvp and Kctd13xLat mice. Behavioral testing revealed a significant deficit in novel object recognition, novel location recognition and social transmission of food preference in Kctd13 mutants. These phenotypes were concomitant with a reduction in density of mature spines in the hippocampus, but potentially independent of RhoA abundance, which was unperturbed postnatally in our mutants. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses from cortex and hippocampus highlighted the dysregulation of pathways important in neurodevelopment, the most significant of which was synaptic formation. Together, these data suggest that KCTD13 contributes to the neurocognitive aspects of patients with the BP4-BP5 deletion, likely through genetic interactions with other loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Arbogast
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Parisa Razaz
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Spencer U McKinstry
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin Currall
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Aneichyk
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R M Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Center, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christelle Golzio
- UMR 7104/INSERM U1258 and Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Center for Human Disease Modeling and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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23
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Behavioral and neuroanatomical approaches in models of neurodevelopmental disorders: opportunities for translation. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 31:126-133. [PMID: 29493556 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review highlights the invaluable contribution of in-vivo rodent models in dissecting the underlying neurobiology for numerous neurodevelopmental disorders. Currently, models are routinely generated with precision genomics and characterized for research on neurodevelopmental disorders. In order to impact translation, outcome measures that are translationally relevant are essential. This review emphasizes the importance of accurate neurobehavioral and anatomical analyses. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous well validated assays for testing alterations across behavioral domains with sensitivity and throughput have become important tools for studying the effects of genetic mutations on neurodevelopment. Recent work has highlighted relationships and links between behavioral outcomes and various anatomical metrics from neuroimaging via magnetic resonance. These readouts are biological markers and outcome measures for translational research and will be have important roles for genetic or pharmacologic intervention strategies. SUMMARY Combinatorial approaches that leverage translationally relevant behavior and neuroanatomy can be used to develop a platform for assessment of cutting edge preclinical models. Reliable, robust behavioral phenotypes in preclinical model systems, with clustering of brain disease will lead to well informed, precise biochemical mechanistic hypotheses. Ultimately, these steadfast workhorse techniques will accelerate the progress of developing and testing targeted treatments for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders.
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24
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Tsai PT, Rudolph S, Guo C, Ellegood J, Gibson JM, Schaeffer SM, Mogavero J, Lerch JP, Regehr W, Sahin M. Sensitive Periods for Cerebellar-Mediated Autistic-like Behaviors. Cell Rep 2018; 25:357-367.e4. [PMID: 30304677 PMCID: PMC6226056 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a prevalence exceeding 1%, mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are poorly understood, and targeted therapies and guiding parameters are urgently needed. We recently demonstrated that cerebellar dysfunction is sufficient to generate autistic-like behaviors in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Here, using the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)-specific inhibitor rapamycin, we define distinct sensitive periods for treatment of autistic-like behaviors with sensitive periods extending into adulthood for social behaviors. We identify cellular and electrophysiological parameters that may contribute to behavioral rescue, with rescue of Purkinje cell survival and excitability corresponding to social behavioral rescue. In addition, using anatomic and diffusion-based MRI, we identify structural changes in cerebellar domains implicated in ASD that correlate with sensitive periods of specific autism-like behaviors. These findings thus not only define treatment parameters into adulthood, but also support a mechanistic basis for the targeted rescue of autism-related behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Tsai
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | | | - Chong Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Gibson
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samantha M Schaeffer
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jazmin Mogavero
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wade Regehr
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Kay VR, Rätsep MT, Cahill LS, Hickman AF, Zavan B, Newport ME, Ellegood J, Laliberte CL, Reynolds JN, Carmeliet P, Tayade C, Sled JG, Croy BA. Effects of placental growth factor deficiency on behavior, neuroanatomy, and cerebrovasculature of mice. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:862-875. [PMID: 30118404 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00076.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia, a hypertensive syndrome occurring in 3-5% of human pregnancies, has lifelong health consequences for fetuses. Cognitive ability throughout life is altered, and adult stroke risk is increased. One potential etiological factor for altered brain development is low concentrations of proangiogenic placental growth factor (PGF). Impaired PGF production may promote an antiangiogenic fetal environment during neural and cerebrovascular development. We previously reported delayed vascularization of the hindbrain, altered retinal vascular organization, and less connectivity in the circle of Willis in Pgf-/- mice. We hypothesized Pgf-/- mice would have impaired cognition and altered brain neuroanatomy in addition to compromised cerebrovasculature. Cognitive behavior was assessed in adult Pgf-/- and Pgf+/+ mice by four paradigms followed by postmortem high-resolution MRI of neuroanatomy. X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging investigated the three-dimensional cerebrovascular geometry in another cohort. Pgf-/- mice exhibited poorer spatial memory, less depressive-like behavior, and superior recognition of novel objects. Significantly smaller volumes of 10 structures were detected in the Pgf-/- compared with Pgf+/+ brain. Pgf-/- brain had more total blood vessel segments in the small-diameter range. Lack of PGF altered cognitive functions, brain neuroanatomy, and cerebrovasculature in mice. Pgf-/- mice may be a preclinical model for the offspring effects of low-PGF preeclampsia gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa R Kay
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Matthew T Rätsep
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | - Andrew F Hickman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Bruno Zavan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada.,Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Margaret E Newport
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada
| | | | - James N Reynolds
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB - Vesalius Research Center, University of Leuven, Department of Oncology , Leuven , Belgium
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
| | - John G Sled
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto, Ontario , Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - B Anne Croy
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , Canada
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26
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Repeated exposure to sucrose for procedural pain in mouse pups leads to long-term widespread brain alterations. Pain 2018; 158:1586-1598. [PMID: 28715355 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Oral sucrose is administered routinely to reduce pain of minor procedures in premature infants and is recommended as standard care in international guidelines. No human or animal studies on effects of early repeated sucrose exposure on long-term brain development have been done in the context of pain. We evaluated the effects of repeated neonatal sucrose treatment before an intervention on long-term brain structure in mouse pups. Neonatal C57Bl/6J mice (n = 109) were randomly assigned to one of 2 treatments (vehicle vs sucrose) and one of 3 interventions (handling, touch, or needle-prick). Mice received 10 interventions daily from postnatal day 1 to 6 (P1-6). A dose of vehicle or 24% sucrose was given orally 2 minutes before each intervention. At P85-95, brains were scanned using a multichannel 7.0 T MRI. Volumes of 159 independent brain regions were obtained. Early repetitive sucrose exposure in mice (after correcting for whole brain volume and multiple comparisons) lead to smaller white matter volumes in the corpus callosum, stria terminalis, and fimbria (P < 0.0001). Cortical and subcortical gray matter was also affected by sucrose with smaller volumes of hippocampus and cerebellum (P < 0.0001). These significant changes in adult brain were found irrespective of the type of intervention in the neonatal period. This study provides the first evidence of long-term adverse effects of repetitive sucrose exposure and raises concerns for the use of this standard pain management practice during a period of rapid brain development in very preterm infants.
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27
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Ellegood J, Yee Y, Kerr TM, Muller CL, Blakely RD, Henkelman RM, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Lerch JP. Analysis of neuroanatomical differences in mice with genetically modified serotonin transporters assessed by structural magnetic resonance imaging. Mol Autism 2018; 9:24. [PMID: 29651330 PMCID: PMC5894125 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0210-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The serotonin (5-HT) system has long been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) as indicated by elevated whole blood and platelet 5-HT, altered platelet and brain receptor and transporter binding, and genetic linkage and association findings. Based upon work in genetically modified mice, 5-HT is known to influence several aspects of brain development, but systematic neuroimaging studies have not previously been reported. In particular, the 5-HT transporter (serotonin transporter, SERT; 5-HTT) gene, Slc6a4, has been extensively studied. Methods Using a 7-T MRI and deformation-based morphometry, we assessed neuroanatomical differences in an Slc6a4 knockout mouse on a C57BL/6 genetic background, along with an Slc6a4 Ala56 knockin mouse on two different genetic backgrounds (129S and C57BL/6). Results Individually (same sex, same background, same genotype), the only differences found were in the female Slc6a4 knockout mouse; all the others had no significant differences. However, an analysis of variance across the whole study sample revealed a significant effect of Slc6a4 on the amygdala, thalamus, dorsal raphe nucleus, and lateral and frontal cortices. Conclusions This work shows that an increase or decrease in SERT function has a significant effect on the neuroanatomy in 5-HT relevant regions, particularly the raphe nuclei. Notably, the Slc6a4 Ala56 knockin alone appears to have an insignificant, but suggestive, effect compared to the KO, which is consistent with Slc6a4 function. Despite the small number of 5-HT neurons and their localization to the brainstem, it is clear that 5-HT plays an important role in neuroanatomical organization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13229-018-0210-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ellegood
- 1Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7 Canada
| | - Yohan Yee
- 1Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7 Canada.,4Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
| | - Travis M Kerr
- 3Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA
| | | | - Randy D Blakely
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.,3Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.,5Department of Biomedical Science and Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33431 USA
| | - R Mark Henkelman
- 1Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7 Canada.,4Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.,6Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- 1Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7 Canada.,4Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S Canada
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28
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Boughner JC, van Eede MC, Spring S, Yu LX, Rostampour N, Henkelman RM. P63 expression plays a role in developmental rate, embryo size, and local morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2018; 247:779-787. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia C. Boughner
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | | | - Shoshana Spring
- Mouse Imaging Centre; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Lisa X. Yu
- Mouse Imaging Centre; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Nasim Rostampour
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - R. Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre; Hospital for Sick Children; Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
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29
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Winocur G, Berman H, Nguyen M, Binns MA, Henkelman M, van Eede M, Piquette-Miller M, Sekeres MJ, Wojtowicz JM, Yu J, Zhang H, Tannock IF. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Chemotherapy-induced Cognitive Impairment in a Transgenic Model of Breast Cancer. Neuroscience 2018; 369:51-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Stoodley CJ, D'Mello AM, Ellegood J, Jakkamsetti V, Liu P, Nebel MB, Gibson JM, Kelly E, Meng F, Cano CA, Pascual JM, Mostofsky SH, Lerch JP, Tsai PT. Altered cerebellar connectivity in autism and cerebellar-mediated rescue of autism-related behaviors in mice. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1744-1751. [PMID: 29184200 PMCID: PMC5867894 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cerebellar abnormalities, particularly in Right Crus I (RCrusI), are consistently reported in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Although RCrusI is functionally connected with ASD-implicated circuits, the contribution of RCrusI dysfunction to ASD remains unclear. Here neuromodulation of RCrusI in neurotypical humans resulted in altered functional connectivity with the inferior parietal lobule, and children with ASD showed atypical functional connectivity in this circuit. Atypical RCrusI-inferior parietal lobule structural connectivity was also evident in the Purkinje neuron (PN) TscI ASD mouse model. Additionally, chemogenetically mediated inhibition of RCrusI PN activity in mice was sufficient to generate ASD-related social, repetitive, and restricted behaviors, while stimulation of RCrusI PNs rescued social impairment in the PN TscI ASD mouse model. Together, these studies reveal important roles for RCrusI in ASD-related behaviors. Further, the rescue of social behaviors in an ASD mouse model suggests that investigation of the therapeutic potential of cerebellar neuromodulation in ASD may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Stoodley
- Department of Psychology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Anila M D'Mello
- Department of Psychology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Toronto Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vikram Jakkamsetti
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Pei Liu
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Beth Nebel
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Gibson
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elyza Kelly
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fantao Meng
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher A Cano
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Juan M Pascual
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Toronto Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Kids, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter T Tsai
- The Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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31
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Whittaker DE, Kasah S, Donovan APA, Ellegood J, Riegman KLH, Volk HA, McGonnell I, Lerch JP, Basson MA. Distinct cerebellar foliation anomalies in a CHD7 haploinsufficient mouse model of CHARGE syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2017; 175. [PMID: 29168327 PMCID: PMC5765394 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the ATP dependent chromatin‐remodeling factor, CHD7 are the major cause of CHARGE (Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth and development, Genital‐urinary anomalies, and Ear defects) syndrome. Neurodevelopmental defects and a range of neurological signs have been identified in individuals with CHARGE syndrome, including developmental delay, lack of coordination, intellectual disability, and autistic traits. We previously identified cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and abnormal cerebellar foliation in individuals with CHARGE syndrome. Here, we report mild cerebellar hypoplasia and distinct cerebellar foliation anomalies in a Chd7 haploinsufficient mouse model. We describe specific alterations in the precise spatio‐temporal sequence of fissure formation during perinatal cerebellar development responsible for these foliation anomalies. The altered cerebellar foliation pattern in Chd7 haploinsufficient mice show some similarities to those reported in mice with altered Engrailed, Fgf8 or Zic1 gene expression and we propose that mutations or polymorphisms in these genes may modify the cerebellar phenotype in CHARGE syndrome. Our findings in a mouse model of CHARGE syndrome indicate that a careful analysis of cerebellar foliation may be warranted in patients with CHARGE syndrome, particularly in patients with cerebellar hypoplasia and developmental delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Whittaker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sahrunizam Kasah
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex P A Donovan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kimberley L H Riegman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Holger A Volk
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Imelda McGonnell
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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32
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Usui N, Araujo DJ, Kulkarni A, Co M, Ellegood J, Harper M, Toriumi K, Lerch JP, Konopka G. Foxp1 regulation of neonatal vocalizations via cortical development. Genes Dev 2017; 31:2039-2055. [PMID: 29138280 PMCID: PMC5733496 DOI: 10.1101/gad.305037.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Usui et al. show that deletion of Foxp1 in the developing forebrain leads to impairments in neonatal vocalizations as well as neocortical cytoarchitectonic alterations via neuronal positioning and migration. Sumoylation of Foxp1 affects neuronal differentiation and migration in the developing neocortex. The molecular mechanisms driving brain development at risk in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) remain mostly unknown. Previous studies have implicated the transcription factor FOXP1 in both brain development and ASD pathophysiology. However, the specific molecular pathways both upstream of and downstream from FOXP1 are not fully understood. To elucidate the contribution of FOXP1-mediated signaling to brain development and, in particular, neocortical development, we generated forebrain-specific Foxp1 conditional knockout mice. We show that deletion of Foxp1 in the developing forebrain leads to impairments in neonatal vocalizations as well as neocortical cytoarchitectonic alterations via neuronal positioning and migration. Using a genomics approach, we identified the transcriptional networks regulated by Foxp1 in the developing neocortex and found that such networks are enriched for downstream targets involved in neurogenesis and neuronal migration. We also uncovered mechanistic insight into Foxp1 function by demonstrating that sumoylation of Foxp1 during embryonic brain development is necessary for mediating proper interactions between Foxp1 and the NuRD complex. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sumoylation of Foxp1 affects neuronal differentiation and migration in the developing neocortex. Together, these data provide critical mechanistic insights into the function of FOXP1 in the developing neocortex and may reveal molecular pathways at risk in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyoshi Usui
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Division of Development of Mental Functions, Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.,Division of Developmental Higher Brain Functions, Department of Child Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daniel J Araujo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ashwinikumar Kulkarni
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Marissa Co
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Matthew Harper
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Kazuya Toriumi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Project for Schizophrenia Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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33
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Systemic inflammation combined with neonatal cerebellar haemorrhage aggravates long-term structural and functional outcomes in a mouse model. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 66:257-276. [PMID: 28755859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the increased recognition of cerebellar injury in survivors of preterm birth, the neurodevelopmental consequences of isolated cerebellar injury have been largely unexplored and our current understanding of the functional deficits requires further attention in order to translate knowledge to best practices. Preterm infants are exposed to multiple stressors during their postnatal development including perinatal cerebellar haemorrhage (CBH) and postnatal infection, two major risk factors for neurodevelopmental impairments. METHODS We developed a translational mouse model of CBH and/or inflammation to measure the short- and long-term outcomes in cerebellar structure and function. RESULTS Mice exposed to early combined insults of CBH and early inflammatory state (EIS) have a delay in grasping acquisition, neonatal motor deficits and deficient long-term memory. CBH combined with late inflammatory state (LIS) does not induce neonatal motor problems but leads to poor fine motor function and long-term memory deficits at adulthood. Early combined insults result in poor cerebellar growth from postnatal day 15 until adulthood shown by MRI, which are reflected in diminished volumes of cerebellar structures. There are also decreases in volumes of gray matter and hippocampus. Cerebellar microgliosis appears 24h after the combined insults and persists until postnatal day 15 in the cerebellar molecular layer and cerebellar nuclei in association with a disrupted patterning of myelin deposition, a delay of oligodendrocyte maturation and reduced white matter cerebellar volume. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings reveal poor outcomes in developing brains exposed to combined cerebellar perinatal insults in association with cerebellar hypoplasia, persistence of microgliosis and alterations of cerebellar white matter maturation and growth.
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34
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Kctd13 deletion reduces synaptic transmission via increased RhoA. Nature 2017; 551:227-231. [PMID: 29088697 DOI: 10.1038/nature24470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Copy-number variants of chromosome 16 region 16p11.2 are linked to neuropsychiatric disorders and are among the most prevalent in autism spectrum disorders. Of many 16p11.2 genes, Kctd13 has been implicated as a major driver of neurodevelopmental phenotypes. The function of KCTD13 in the mammalian brain, however, remains unknown. Here we delete the Kctd13 gene in mice and demonstrate reduced synaptic transmission. Reduced synaptic transmission correlates with increased levels of Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA), a KCTD13/CUL3 ubiquitin ligase substrate, and is reversed by RhoA inhibition, suggesting increased RhoA as an important mechanism. In contrast to a previous knockdown study, deletion of Kctd13 or kctd13 does not increase brain size or neurogenesis in mice or zebrafish, respectively. These findings implicate Kctd13 in the regulation of neuronal function relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders and clarify the role of Kctd13 in neurogenesis and brain size. Our data also reveal a potential role for RhoA as a therapeutic target in disorders associated with KCTD13 deletion.
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35
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Donovan APA, Yu T, Ellegood J, Riegman KLH, de Geus C, van Ravenswaaij-Arts C, Fernandes C, Lerch JP, Basson MA. Cerebellar Vermis and Midbrain Hypoplasia Upon Conditional Deletion of Chd7 from the Embryonic Mid-Hindbrain Region. Front Neuroanat 2017; 11:86. [PMID: 29046629 PMCID: PMC5632662 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling from the mid-hindbrain or isthmus organizer (IsO) during early embryonic development results in hypoplasia of the midbrain and cerebellar vermis. We previously reported evidence for reduced Fgf8 expression and FGF signaling in the mid-hindbrain region of embryos heterozygous for Chd7, the gene mutated in CHARGE (Coloboma, Heart defects, choanal Atresia, Retarded growth and development, Genitourinary anomalies and Ear defects) syndrome. However, Chd7+/- animals only exhibit mild cerebellar vermis anomalies. As homozygous deletion of Chd7 is embryonic lethal, we conditionally deleted Chd7 from the early embryonic mid-hindbrain region to identify the function of CHD7 in mid-hindbrain development. Using a combination of high resolution structural MRI and histology, we report striking midbrain and cerebellar vermis hypoplasia in the homozygous conditional mutants. We show that cerebellar vermis hypoplasia is associated with reduced embryonic Fgf8 expression and an expanded roof plate in rhombomere 1 (r1). These findings identify an essential role for Chd7 in regulating mid-hindbrain development via Fgf8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P A Donovan
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tian Yu
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kimberley L H Riegman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christa de Geus
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Conny van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M Albert Basson
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Foxp1 in Forebrain Pyramidal Neurons Controls Gene Expression Required for Spatial Learning and Synaptic Plasticity. J Neurosci 2017; 37:10917-10931. [PMID: 28978667 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1005-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic perturbations of the transcription factor Forkhead Box P1 (FOXP1) are causative for severe forms of autism spectrum disorder that are often comorbid with intellectual disability. Recent work has begun to reveal an important role for FoxP1 in brain development, but the brain-region-specific contributions of Foxp1 to autism and intellectual disability phenotypes have yet to be determined fully. Here, we describe Foxp1 conditional knock-out (Foxp1cKO) male and female mice with loss of Foxp1 in the pyramidal neurons of the neocortex and the CA1/CA2 subfields of the hippocampus. Foxp1cKO mice exhibit behavioral phenotypes that are of potential relevance to autism spectrum disorder, including hyperactivity, increased anxiety, communication impairments, and decreased sociability. In addition, Foxp1cKO mice have gross deficits in learning and memory tasks of relevance to intellectual disability. Using a genome-wide approach, we identified differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus of Foxp1cKO mice associated with synaptic function and development. Furthermore, using magnetic resonance imaging, we uncovered a significant reduction in the volumes of both the entire hippocampus as well as individual hippocampal subfields of Foxp1cKO mice. Finally, we observed reduced maintenance of LTP in area CA1 of the hippocampus in these mutant mice. Together, these data suggest that proper expression of Foxp1 in the pyramidal neurons of the forebrain is important for regulating gene expression pathways that contribute to specific behaviors reminiscent of those seen in autism and intellectual disability. In particular, Foxp1 regulation of gene expression appears to be crucial for normal hippocampal development, CA1 plasticity, and spatial learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Loss-of-function mutations in the transcription factor Forkhead Box P1 (FOXP1) lead to autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. Understanding the potential brain-region-specific contributions of FOXP1 to disease-relevant phenotypes could be a critical first step in the management of patients with these mutations. Here, we report that Foxp1 conditional knock-out (Foxp1cKO) mice with loss of Foxp1 in the neocortex and hippocampus display autism and intellectual-disability-relevant behaviors. We also show that these phenotypes correlate with changes in both the genomic and physiological profiles of the hippocampus in Foxp1cKO mice. Our work demonstrates that brain-region-specific FOXP1 expression may relate to distinct, clinically relevant phenotypes.
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37
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Spatial gene expression analysis of neuroanatomical differences in mouse models. Neuroimage 2017; 163:220-230. [PMID: 28882630 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is a powerful modality to detect neuroanatomical differences that result from mutations and treatments. Knowing which genes drive these differences is important in understanding etiology, but candidate genes are often difficult to identify. We tested whether spatial gene expression data from the Allen Brain Institute can be used to inform us about genes that cause neuroanatomical differences. For many single-gene-mutation mouse models, we found that affected neuroanatomy was not strongly associated with the spatial expression of the altered gene and there are specific caveats for each model. However, among models with significant neuroanatomical differences from their wildtype controls, the mutated genes had preferential spatial expression in affected neuroanatomy. In mice exposed to environmental enrichment, candidate genes could be identified by a genome-wide search for genes with preferential spatial expression in the altered neuroanatomical regions. These candidates have functions related to learning and plasticity. We demonstrate that spatial gene expression of single-genes is a poor predictor of altered neuroanatomy, but altered neuroanatomy can identify candidate genes responsible for neuroanatomical phenotypes.
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38
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Germline Chd8 haploinsufficiency alters brain development in mouse. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:1062-1073. [PMID: 28671691 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling gene CHD8 represents a central node in neurodevelopmental gene networks implicated in autism. We examined the impact of germline heterozygous frameshift Chd8 mutation on neurodevelopment in mice. Chd8+/del5 mice displayed normal social interactions with no repetitive behaviors but exhibited cognitive impairment correlated with increased regional brain volume, validating that phenotypes of Chd8+/del5 mice overlap pathology reported in humans with CHD8 mutations. We applied network analysis to characterize neurodevelopmental gene expression, revealing widespread transcriptional changes in Chd8+/del5 mice across pathways disrupted in neurodevelopmental disorders, including neurogenesis, synaptic processes and neuroimmune signaling. We identified a co-expression module with peak expression in early brain development featuring dysregulation of RNA processing, chromatin remodeling and cell-cycle genes enriched for promoter binding by Chd8, and we validated increased neuronal proliferation and developmental splicing perturbation in Chd8+/del5 mice. This integrative analysis offers an initial picture of the consequences of Chd8 haploinsufficiency for brain development.
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39
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Allemang-Grand R, Ellegood J, Spencer Noakes L, Ruston J, Justice M, Nieman BJ, Lerch JP. Neuroanatomy in mouse models of Rett syndrome is related to the severity of Mecp2 mutation and behavioral phenotypes. Mol Autism 2017; 8:32. [PMID: 28670438 PMCID: PMC5485541 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-017-0138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that predominantly affects girls. The majority of RTT cases are caused by de novo mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), and several mouse models have been created to further understand the disorder. In the current literature, many studies have focused their analyses on the behavioral abnormalities and cellular and molecular impairments that arise from Mecp2 mutations. However, limited efforts have been placed on understanding how Mecp2 mutations disrupt the neuroanatomy and networks of the brain. Methods In this study, we examined the neuroanatomy of male and female mice from the Mecp2tm1Hzo, Mecp2tm1.1Bird/J, and Mecp2tm2Bird/J mouse lines using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) paired with deformation-based morphometry to determine the brain regions susceptible to Mecp2 disruptions. Results We found that many cortical and subcortical regions were reduced in volume within the brains of mutant mice regardless of mutation type, highlighting regions that are susceptible to Mecp2 disruptions. We also found that the volume within these regions correlated with behavioral metrics. Conversely, regions of the cerebellum were differentially affected by the type of mutation, showing an increase in volume in the mutant Mecp2tm1Hzo brain relative to controls and a decrease in the Mecp2tm1.1Bird/J and Mecp2tm2Bird/J lines. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that the direction and magnitude of the neuroanatomical differences between control and mutant mice carrying Mecp2 mutations are driven by the severity of the mutation and the stage of behavioral impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylan Allemang-Grand
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Suite 15-701, Toronto, M5G 1L7 Ontario Canada
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Leigh Spencer Noakes
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Julie Ruston
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Monica Justice
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Suite 15-701, Toronto, M5G 1L7 Ontario Canada.,Ontario Institute of Cancer Research, 661 University Ave, Toronto, Suite 510, M5G 0A3 Ontario Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, M5T 3H7 Ontario Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, M5G 1X8 Ontario Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Suite 15-701, Toronto, M5G 1L7 Ontario Canada
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40
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Kishimoto K, Nomura J, Ellegood J, Fukumoto K, Lerch JP, Moreno-De-Luca D, Bourgeron T, Tamada K, Takumi T. Behavioral and neuroanatomical analyses in a genetic mouse model of 2q13 duplication. Genes Cells 2017; 22:436-451. [PMID: 28370817 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Duplications of human chromosome 2q13 have been reported in patients with neurodevelopmental disorder including autism spectrum disorder. Nephronophthisis-1 (NPHP1) was identified as a causative gene in the minimal deletion on chromosome 2q13 for familial juvenile type 1 nephronophthisis and Joubert syndrome, an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a cerebellar and brain stem malformation, hypotonia, developmental delay, ataxia, and sometimes associated with cognitive impairment. NPHP1 encodes a ciliary protein, nephrocystin-1, which is expressed in the brain, yet its function in the brain remains largely unknown. In this study, we generated bacterial artificial chromosome-based transgenic mice, called 2q13 dup, that recapitulate human chromosome 2q13 duplication and contain one extra copy of the Nphp1 transgene. To analyze any behavioral alterations in 2q13 dup mice, we conducted a battery of behavioral tests. Although 2q13 dup mice show no significant differences in social behavior, they show deficits in spontaneous alternation behavior and fear memory. We also carried out magnetic resonance imaging to confirm whether copy number gain in this locus affects the neuroanatomy. There was a trend toward a decrease in the cerebellar paraflocculus of 2q13 dup mice. This is the first report of a genetic mouse model for human 2q13 duplication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kishimoto
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jun Nomura
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Keita Fukumoto
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Daniel Moreno-De-Luca
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02908, USA
| | | | - Kota Tamada
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
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41
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Avivi-Arber L, Seltzer Z, Friedel M, Lerch JP, Moayedi M, Davis KD, Sessle BJ. Widespread Volumetric Brain Changes following Tooth Loss in Female Mice. Front Neuroanat 2017; 10:121. [PMID: 28119577 PMCID: PMC5220047 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth loss is associated with altered sensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions. These changes vary highly in the population and are accompanied by structural and functional changes in brain regions mediating these functions. It is unclear to what extent this variability in behavior and function is caused by genetic and/or environmental determinants and which brain regions undergo structural plasticity that mediates these changes. Thus, the overall goal of our research program is to identify genetic variants that control structural and functional plasticity following tooth loss. As a step toward this goal, here our aim was to determine whether structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) is sensitive to detect quantifiable volumetric differences in the brains of mice of different genetic background receiving tooth extraction or sham operation. We used 67 adult female mice of 7 strains, comprising the A/J (A) and C57BL/6J (B) strains and a randomly selected sample of 5 of the 23 AXB-BXA strains (AXB1, AXB4, AXB24, BXA14, BXA24) that were produced from the A and B parental mice by recombinations and inbreeding. This panel of 25 inbred strains of genetically diverse inbred strains of mice is used for mapping chromosomal intervals throughout the genome that harbor candidate genes controlling the phenotypic variance of any trait under study. Under general anesthesia, 39 mice received extraction of 3 right maxillary molar teeth and 28 mice received sham operation. On post-extraction day 21, post-mortem whole-brain high-resolution sMRI was used to quantify the volume of 160 brain regions. Compared to sham operation, tooth extraction was associated with a significantly reduced regional and voxel-wise volumes of cortical brain regions involved in processing somatosensory, motor, cognitive and emotional functions, and increased volumes in subcortical sensorimotor and temporal limbic forebrain regions including the amygdala. Additionally, comparison of the 10 BXA14 and 21 BXA24 mice revealed significant volumetric differences between the two strains in several brain regions. These findings highlight the utility of high-resolution sMRI for studying tooth loss-induced structural brain plasticity in mice, and provide a foundation for further phenotyping structural brain changes following tooth loss in the full AXB-BXA panel to facilitate mapping genes that control brain plasticity following orofacial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limor Avivi-Arber
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ze'ev Seltzer
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada
- Central Institute of Mental Health, University of HeidelbergMannheim, Germany
| | - Miriam Friedel
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P. Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick ChildrenToronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Massieh Moayedi
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Karen D. Davis
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health NetworkToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Sessle
- University of Toronto Centre for the Study of Pain, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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42
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Prenatal β-catenin/Brn2/Tbr2 transcriptional cascade regulates adult social and stereotypic behaviors. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:1417-33. [PMID: 26830142 PMCID: PMC5685528 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction is a fundamental behavior in all animal species, but the developmental timing of the social neural circuit formation and the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing its formation are poorly understood. We generated a mouse model with mutations in two Disheveled genes, Dvl1 and Dvl3, that displays adult social and repetitive behavioral abnormalities associated with transient embryonic brain enlargement during deep layer cortical neuron formation. These phenotypes were mediated by the embryonic expansion of basal neural progenitor cells (NPCs) via deregulation of a β-catenin/Brn2/Tbr2 transcriptional cascade. Transient pharmacological activation of the canonical Wnt pathway during this period of early corticogenesis rescued the β-catenin/Brn2/Tbr2 transcriptional cascade and the embryonic brain phenotypes. Remarkably, this embryonic treatment prevented adult behavioral deficits and partially rescued abnormal brain structure in Dvl mutant mice. Our findings define a mechanism that links fetal brain development and adult behavior, demonstrating a fetal origin for social and repetitive behavior deficits seen in disorders such as autism.
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43
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Dickinson ME, Flenniken AM, Ji X, Teboul L, Wong MD, White JK, Meehan TF, Weninger WJ, Westerberg H, Adissu H, Baker CN, Bower L, Brown JM, Caddle LB, Chiani F, Clary D, Cleak J, Daly MJ, Denegre JM, Doe B, Dolan ME, Edie SM, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Galli A, Gambadoro A, Gallegos J, Guo S, Horner NR, Hsu CW, Johnson SJ, Kalaga S, Keith LC, Lanoue L, Lawson TN, Lek M, Mark M, Marschall S, Mason J, McElwee ML, Newbigging S, Nutter LM, Peterson KA, Ramirez-Solis R, Rowland DJ, Ryder E, Samocha KE, Seavitt JR, Selloum M, Szoke-Kovacs Z, Tamura M, Trainor AG, Tudose I, Wakana S, Warren J, Wendling O, West DB, Wong L, Yoshiki A, MacArthur DG, Tocchini-Valentini GP, Gao X, Flicek P, Bradley A, Skarnes WC, Justice MJ, Parkinson HE, Moore M, Wells S, Braun RE, Svenson KL, de Angelis MH, Herault Y, Mohun T, Mallon AM, Henkelman RM, Brown SD, Adams DJ, Lloyd KK, McKerlie C, Beaudet AL, Bucan M, Murray SA. High-throughput discovery of novel developmental phenotypes. Nature 2016; 537:508-514. [PMID: 27626380 PMCID: PMC5295821 DOI: 10.1038/nature19356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 799] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Approximately one-third of all mammalian genes are essential for life. Phenotypes resulting from knockouts of these genes in mice have provided tremendous insight into gene function and congenital disorders. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium effort to generate and phenotypically characterize 5,000 knockout mouse lines, here we identify 410 lethal genes during the production of the first 1,751 unique gene knockouts. Using a standardized phenotyping platform that incorporates high-resolution 3D imaging, we identify phenotypes at multiple time points for previously uncharacterized genes and additional phenotypes for genes with previously reported mutant phenotypes. Unexpectedly, our analysis reveals that incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity are common even on a defined genetic background. In addition, we show that human disease genes are enriched for essential genes, thus providing a dataset that facilitates the prioritization and validation of mutations identified in clinical sequencing efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Dickinson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ann M. Flenniken
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao Ji
- Genomics and Computational Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
| | - Lydia Teboul
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Michael D. Wong
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline K. White
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terrence F. Meehan
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wolfgang J. Weninger
- Centre for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henrik Westerberg
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Hibret Adissu
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lynette Bower
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis
| | - James M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Francesco Chiani
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Itally
| | - Dave Clary
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis
| | - James Cleak
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Brendan Doe
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Helmut Fuchs
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonella Galli
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessia Gambadoro
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Itally
| | - Juan Gallegos
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Shiying Guo
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Neil R. Horner
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Chih-wei Hsu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sara J. Johnson
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sowmya Kalaga
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lance C. Keith
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Louise Lanoue
- Mouse Biology Program, University of California, Davis
| | - Thomas N. Lawson
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Monkol Lek
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manuel Mark
- Infrastructure Nationale PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), et Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Susan Marschall
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeremy Mason
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Susan Newbigging
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauryl M.J. Nutter
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ramiro Ramirez-Solis
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Edward Ryder
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaitlin E. Samocha
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John R. Seavitt
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Infrastructure Nationale PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), et Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Zsombor Szoke-Kovacs
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Ilinca Tudose
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Warren
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Olivia Wendling
- Infrastructure Nationale PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), et Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - David B. West
- Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA 94609
| | - Leeyean Wong
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel G. MacArthur
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Glauco P. Tocchini-Valentini
- Monterotondo Mouse Clinic, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Monterotondo Scalo, Itally
| | - Xiang Gao
- SKL of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Model Animal Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, China
| | - Paul Flicek
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Allan Bradley
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - William C. Skarnes
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monica J. Justice
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Helen E. Parkinson
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sara Wells
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics and German Mouse Clinic, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yann Herault
- Infrastructure Nationale PHENOMIN, Institut Clinique de la Souris (ICS), et Institut de Génétique Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) CNRS, INSERM, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Tim Mohun
- The Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London, UK
| | - Ann-Marie Mallon
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - R. Mark Henkelman
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steve D.M. Brown
- Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - David J. Adams
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Colin McKerlie
- The Centre for Phenogenomics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arthur L. Beaudet
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Maja Bucan
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19104
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44
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Regional brain volumes changes in adult male FMR1-KO mouse on the FVB strain. Neuroscience 2016; 318:12-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Nieman BJ, de Guzman AE, Gazdzinski LM, Lerch JP, Chakravarty MM, Pipitone J, Strother D, Fryer C, Bouffet E, Laughlin S, Laperriere N, Riggs L, Skocic J, Mabbott DJ. White and Gray Matter Abnormalities After Cranial Radiation in Children and Mice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 93:882-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
In order to understand the consequences of the mutation on behavioral and biological phenotypes relevant to autism, mutations in many of the risk genes for autism spectrum disorder have been experimentally generated in mice. Here, we summarize behavioral outcomes and neuroanatomical abnormalities, with a focus on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of postmortem mouse brains. Results are described from multiple mouse models of autism spectrum disorder and comorbid syndromes, including the 15q11-13, 16p11.2, 22q11.2, Cntnap2, Engrailed2, Fragile X, Integrinβ3, MET, Neurexin1a, Neuroligin3, Reelin, Rett, Shank3, Slc6a4, tuberous sclerosis, and Williams syndrome models, and inbred strains with strong autism-relevant behavioral phenotypes, including BTBR and BALB. Concomitant behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities can strengthen the interpretation of results from a mouse model, and may elevate the usefulness of the model system for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ellegood
- />Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON M5T 3H7 Canada
| | - Jacqueline N. Crawley
- />MIND Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 4625 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
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47
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Ellegood J, Nakai N, Nakatani J, Henkelman M, Takumi T, Lerch J. Neuroanatomical Phenotypes Are Consistent With Autism-Like Behavioral Phenotypes in the 15q11-13 Duplication Mouse Model. Autism Res 2015; 8:545-55. [PMID: 25755142 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Paternally and maternally inherited deletions and duplications of human chromosome 15q11-13 are relatively common in the human population. Furthermore, duplications in the 15q region are often associated with autism. Both maternal and paternal interstitial 15q11-13 duplication mouse models have been previously created, where several behavioral differences were found in the paternal duplication (patDp/+) mouse but not in the maternal duplication (matDp/+). These included decreased sociability, behavioral inflexibility, abnormal ultrasonic vocalizations, decreased spontaneous activity, and increased anxiety. Similarly, in the current study, we found several anatomical differences in the patDp/+ mice that were not seen in the matDp/+ mice. Regional differences that are evident only in the paternal duplication are a smaller dentate gyrus and smaller medial striatum. These differences may be responsible for the behavioral inflexibility. Furthermore, a smaller dorsal raphe nucleus could be responsible for the reported serotonin defects. This study highlights consistency that can be found between behavioral and anatomical phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada (J.E., R.M.H., J.L.)
| | - Nobuhiro Nakai
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saiama, Japan (N.N., T.T.)
| | - Jin Nakatani
- Shiga University of Medical Science, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan (J.N.)
| | - Mark Henkelman
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada (J.E., R.M.H., J.L.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.M.H., J.L.)
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saiama, Japan (N.N., T.T.)
- JST, CREST(T.T.)
| | - Jason Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario Canada (J.E., R.M.H., J.L.)
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (R.M.H., J.L.)
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48
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Clustering autism: using neuroanatomical differences in 26 mouse models to gain insight into the heterogeneity. Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:118-25. [PMID: 25199916 PMCID: PMC4426202 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autism is a heritable disorder, with over 250 associated genes identified to date, yet no single gene accounts for >1-2% of cases. The clinical presentation, behavioural symptoms, imaging and histopathology findings are strikingly heterogeneous. A more complete understanding of autism can be obtained by examining multiple genetic or behavioural mouse models of autism using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based neuroanatomical phenotyping. Twenty-six different mouse models were examined and the consistently found abnormal brain regions across models were parieto-temporal lobe, cerebellar cortex, frontal lobe, hypothalamus and striatum. These models separated into three distinct clusters, two of which can be linked to the under and over-connectivity found in autism. These clusters also identified previously unknown connections between Nrxn1α, En2 and Fmr1; Nlgn3, BTBR and Slc6A4; and also between X monosomy and Mecp2. With no single treatment for autism found, clustering autism using neuroanatomy and identifying these strong connections may prove to be a crucial step in predicting treatment response.
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Corre C, Friedel M, Vousden DA, Metcalf A, Spring S, Qiu LR, Lerch JP, Palmert MR. Separate effects of sex hormones and sex chromosomes on brain structure and function revealed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and spatial navigation assessment of the Four Core Genotype mouse model. Brain Struct Funct 2014; 221:997-1016. [PMID: 25445841 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-014-0952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Males and females exhibit several differences in brain structure and function. To examine the basis for these sex differences, we investigated the influences of sex hormones and sex chromosomes on brain structure and function in mice. We used the Four Core Genotype (4CG) mice, which can generate both male and female mice with XX or XY sex chromosome complement, allowing the decoupling of sex chromosomes from hormonal milieu. To examine whole brain structure, high-resolution ex vivo MRI was performed, and to assess differences in cognitive function, mice were trained on a radial arm maze. Voxel-wise and volumetric analyses of MRI data uncovered a striking independence of hormonal versus chromosomal influences in 30 sexually dimorphic brain regions. For example, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and the parieto-temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex displayed steroid-dependence while the cerebellar cortex, corpus callosum, and olfactory bulbs were influenced by sex chromosomes. Spatial learning and memory demonstrated strict hormone-dependency with no apparent influence of sex chromosomes. Understanding the influences of chromosomes and hormones on brain structure and function is important for understanding sex differences in brain structure and function, an endeavor that has eventual implications for understanding sex biases observed in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Corre
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| | - Miriam Friedel
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Dulcie A Vousden
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariane Metcalf
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Shoshana Spring
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Lily R Qiu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre and Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, 25 Orde Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark R Palmert
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada. .,Institute of Medical Science, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Departments of Paediatrics and Physiology, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Papp EA, Leergaard TB, Calabrese E, Johnson GA, Bjaalie JG. Waxholm Space atlas of the Sprague Dawley rat brain. Neuroimage 2014; 97:374-86. [PMID: 24726336 PMCID: PMC4160085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 254] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional digital brain atlases represent an important new generation of neuroinformatics tools for understanding complex brain anatomy, assigning location to experimental data, and planning of experiments. We have acquired a microscopic resolution isotropic MRI and DTI atlasing template for the Sprague Dawley rat brain with 39 μm isotropic voxels for the MRI volume and 78 μm isotropic voxels for the DTI. Building on this template, we have delineated 76 major anatomical structures in the brain. Delineation criteria are provided for each structure. We have applied a spatial reference system based on internal brain landmarks according to the Waxholm Space standard, previously developed for the mouse brain, and furthermore connected this spatial reference system to the widely used stereotaxic coordinate system by identifying cranial sutures and related stereotaxic landmarks in the template using contrast given by the active staining technique applied to the tissue. With the release of the present atlasing template and anatomical delineations, we provide a new tool for spatial orientation analysis of neuroanatomical location, and planning and guidance of experimental procedures in the rat brain. The use of Waxholm Space and related infrastructures will connect the atlas to interoperable resources and services for multi-level data integration and analysis across reference spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter A Papp
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trygve B Leergaard
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evan Calabrese
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - G Allan Johnson
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jan G Bjaalie
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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