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Schulze KM, Horn AG, Muller-Delp JM, White ZJ, Hall SE, Medarev SL, Weber RE, Poole DC, Musch TI, Behnke BJ. Pulmonary hypertension impairs vasomotor function in rat diaphragm arterioles. Microvasc Res 2024; 154:104686. [PMID: 38614154 PMCID: PMC11198381 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2024.104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a chronic, progressive condition in which respiratory muscle dysfunction is a primary contributor to exercise intolerance and dyspnea in patients. Contractile function, blood flow distribution, and the hyperemic response are altered in the diaphragm with PH, and we sought to determine whether this may be attributed, in part, to impaired vasoreactivity of the resistance vasculature. We hypothesized that there would be blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation and impaired myogenic responsiveness in arterioles from the diaphragm of PH rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into healthy control (HC, n = 9) and monocrotaline-induced PH rats (MCT, n = 9). Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation and myogenic responses were assessed in first-order arterioles (1As) from the medial costal diaphragm in vitro. There was a significant reduction in endothelium-dependent (via acetylcholine; HC, 78 ± 15% vs. MCT, 47 ± 17%; P < 0.05) and -independent (via sodium nitroprusside; HC, 89 ± 10% vs. MCT, 66 ± 10%; P < 0.05) vasodilation in 1As from MCT rats. MCT-induced PH also diminished myogenic constriction (P < 0.05) but did not alter passive pressure responses. The diaphragmatic weakness, impaired hyperemia, and blood flow redistribution associated with PH may be due, in part, to diaphragm vascular dysfunction and thus compromised oxygen delivery which occurs through both endothelium-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana M Schulze
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America.
| | - Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Judy M Muller-Delp
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Zachary J White
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Stephanie E Hall
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Steven L Medarev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, United States of America
| | - Ramona E Weber
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Timothy I Musch
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America; Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States of America
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2
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Lima NS, Tzen Y, Clifford PS. Spectral changes in skin blood flow during pressure manipulations or sympathetic stimulation. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:892-898. [PMID: 38642069 PMCID: PMC11140173 DOI: 10.1113/ep091706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Skin blood flow is commonly determined by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). It has been suggested that pathophysiological conditions can be assessed by analysis of specific frequency domains of the LDF signals. We tested whether physiological stimuli that activate myogenic and neurogenic mechanisms would affect relevant portions of the laser Doppler spectrum. LDF sensors were placed on the right forearm of 14 healthy volunteers for myogenic (six females) and 13 for neurogenic challenge (five females). Myogenic responses were tested by positioning the arm ∼50° above/below heart level. Neurogenic responses were tested by immersing the left hand into an ice slurry with and without topical application of local anaesthetic. Short-time Fourier analyses were computed over the range of 0.06 to 0.15 Hz for myogenic and 0.02 to 0.06 Hz for neurogenic. No significant differences in spectral density were observed (P = 0.40) in the myogenic range with arm above (7 ± 54 × 10-4 dB) and below heart (7 ± 14 × 10-4 dB). Neurogenic spectral density showed no significant increase from baseline to cold pressor test (0.0017 ± 0.0013 and 0.0038 ± 0.0039 dB; P = 0.087, effect size 0.47). After application of anaesthetic, neurogenic spectral density was unchanged between the baseline and cold pressor test (0.0014 ± 0.0025 and 0.0006 ± 0.0005 dB; P = 0.173). These results suggest that changes in the myogenic and neurogenic spectral density of LDF signals did not fully reflect the skin vascular function activated by pressure manipulation and sympathetic stimulation. Therefore, LDF myogenic and neurogenic spectral density data should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia S. Lima
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Yi‐Ting Tzen
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
| | - Philip S. Clifford
- Integrative Physiology LaboratoryUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
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3
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Oue A, Iimura Y, Miyakoshi Y, Ota M. Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Changes in Calf Venous Volume during Postural Change and Skeletal Muscle Pump Activity in Healthy Young Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:1621. [PMID: 38892555 PMCID: PMC11174609 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary nitrate (NO3-) supplementation is known to enhance nitric oxide (NO) activity and acts as a vasodilator. In this randomized crossover study, we investigated the effect of inorganic NO3- supplementation on the changes in calf venous volume during postural change and subsequent skeletal muscle pump activity. Fifteen healthy young adults were assigned to receive beetroot juice (BRJ) or a NO3--depleted control beverage (prune juice: CON). Two hours after beverage consumption, the changes in the right calf volume during postural change from supine to upright and a subsequent right tiptoe maneuver were measured using venous occlusion plethysmography. The increase in calf volume from the supine to upright position (total venous volume [VV]) and the decrease in calf volume during the right tiptoe maneuver (venous ejection volume [Ve]) were calculated. Plasma NO3- concentration was higher in the BRJ group than in the CON group 2 h after beverage intake (p < 0.05). However, VV and Ve did not differ between CON and BRJ. These results suggest that acute intake of BRJ may enhance NO activity via the NO3- → nitrite → NO pathway but does not change calf venous pooling due to a postural change or the calf venous return due to skeletal muscle pump activity in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Oue
- Faculty of Health and Sports Sciences, Toyo University, 1-7-11, Akabanedai, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan; (Y.I.); (Y.M.); (M.O.)
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Eguchi S, Torimoto K, Adebiyi A, Kanthakumar P, Bomfim GF, Wenceslau CF, Dahlen SA, Osei-Owusu P. Milestone Papers on Signal Transduction Mechanisms of Hypertension and Its Complications. Hypertension 2024; 81:977-990. [PMID: 38372140 PMCID: PMC11023792 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
To celebrate 100 years of American Heart Association-supported cardiovascular disease research, this review article highlights milestone papers that have significantly contributed to the current understanding of the signaling mechanisms driving hypertension and associated cardiovascular disorders. This article also includes a few of the future research directions arising from these critical findings. To accomplish this important mission, 4 principal investigators gathered their efforts to cover distinct yet intricately related areas of signaling mechanisms pertaining to the pathogenesis of hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system, canonical and novel contractile and vasodilatory pathways in the resistance vasculature, vascular smooth muscle regulation by membrane channels, and noncanonical regulation of blood pressure and vascular function will be described and discussed as major subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Eguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University
- Sol Sherry Thrombosis Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University
| | - Keiichi Torimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University
| | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Praghalathan Kanthakumar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gisele F. Bomfim
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Camilla Ferreira Wenceslau
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina School of Medicine
| | - Shelby A. Dahlen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University
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5
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Chu Z, Kassmann M, Anistan YM, Luft FC, Gollasch M, Tsvetkov D. Protocol for assessing myogenic tone and perfusion pressure in isolated mouse kidneys. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102845. [PMID: 38294910 PMCID: PMC10844887 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2024.102845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The isolated perfused kidney is a classic ex vivo preparation for studying renal physiology in general and vascular function. Here, we present a protocol for assessing myogenic tone in isolated mouse kidneys as well as vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive responses, expressed as perfusion pressure. We describe steps for pre-operative preparation, kidney and renal artery isolation, and connection of renal artery with glass cannula. We then detail how to measure pressure changes in perfused kidneys and the myogenic tone. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cui et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhugang Chu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yoland-Marie Anistan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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Le T, Salas Sanchez A, Nashawi D, Kulkarni S, Prisby RD. Diabetes and the Microvasculature of the Bone and Marrow. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:11-27. [PMID: 38198033 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00841-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight the evidence of microvascular dysfunction in bone and marrow and its relation to poor skeletal outcomes in diabetes mellitus. RECENT FINDINGS Diabetes mellitus is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which may lead to microangiopathy and macroangiopathy. Micro- and macroangiopathy have been diagnosed in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, coinciding with osteopenia, osteoporosis, enhanced fracture risk and delayed fracture healing. Microangiopathy has been reported in the skeleton, correlating with reduced blood flow and perfusion, vasomotor dysfunction, microvascular rarefaction, reduced angiogenic capabilities, and augmented vascular permeability. Microangiopathy within the skeleton may be detrimental to bone and manifest as, among other clinical abnormalities, reduced mass, enhanced fracture risk, and delayed fracture healing. More investigations are required to elucidate the various mechanisms by which diabetic microvascular dysfunction impacts the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Le
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Amanda Salas Sanchez
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Danyah Nashawi
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Sunidhi Kulkarni
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA
| | - Rhonda D Prisby
- Bone Vascular and Microcirculation Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, USA.
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García-Llorca A, Carta F, Supuran CT, Eysteinsson T. Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibitors and vascular function. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1338528. [PMID: 38348465 PMCID: PMC10859760 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1338528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been known for some time that Carbonic Anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) plays a complex role in vascular function, and in the regulation of vascular tone. Clinically employed CA inhibitors (CAIs) are used primarily to lower intraocular pressure in glaucoma, and also to affect retinal blood flow and oxygen saturation. CAIs have been shown to dilate vessels and increase blood flow in both the cerebral and ocular vasculature. Similar effects of CAIs on vascular function have been observed in the liver, brain and kidney, while vessels in abdominal muscle and the stomach are unaffected. Most of the studies on the vascular effects of CAIs have been focused on the cerebral and ocular vasculatures, and in particular the retinal vasculature, where vasodilation of its vessels, after intravenous infusion of sulfonamide-based CAIs can be easily observed and measured from the fundus of the eye. The mechanism by which CAIs exert their effects on the vasculature is still unclear, but the classic sulfonamide-based inhibitors have been found to directly dilate isolated vessel segments when applied to the extracellular fluid. Modification of the structure of CAI compounds affects their efficacy and potency as vasodilators. CAIs of the coumarin type, which generally are less effective in inhibiting the catalytically dominant isoform hCA II and unable to accept NO, have comparable vasodilatory effects as the primary sulfonamides on pre-contracted retinal arteriolar vessel segments, providing insights into which CA isoforms are involved. Alterations of the lipophilicity of CAI compounds affect their potency as vasodilators, and CAIs that are membrane impermeant do not act as vasodilators of isolated vessel segments. Experiments with CAIs, that shed light on the role of CA in the regulation of vascular tone of vessels, will be discussed in this review. The role of CA in vascular function will be discussed, with specific emphasis on findings with the effects of CA inhibitors (CAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea García-Llorca
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Thor Eysteinsson
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Sun B, Smith N, Dixon AJ, Osei-Owusu P. Phosphodiesterases Mediate the Augmentation of Myogenic Constriction by Inhibitory G Protein Signaling and is Negatively Modulated by the Dual Action of RGS2 and 5. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqae003. [PMID: 38486977 PMCID: PMC10935470 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqae003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein regulation by regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins play a key role in vascular tone maintenance. The loss of Gi/o and Gq/11 regulation by RGS2 and RGS5 in non-pregnant mice is implicated in augmented vascular tone and decreased uterine blood flow (UBF). RGS2 and 5 are closely related and co-expressed in uterine arteries (UA). However, whether and how RGS2 and 5 coordinate their regulatory activities to finetune G protein signaling and regulate vascular tone are unclear. Here, we determined how the integrated activity of RGS2 and 5 modulates vascular tone to promote UBF. Using ultrasonography and pressure myography, we examined uterine hemodynamics and myogenic tone (MT) of UA of wild type (WT), Rgs2-/-, Rgs5-/-, and Rgs2/5 dbKO mice. We found that MT was reduced in Rgs5-/- relative to WT or Rgs2-/- UA. Activating Gi/o with dopamine increased, whereas exogenous cAMP decreased MT in Rgs5-/- UA to levels in WT UA. Dual deletion of Rgs2 and 5 abolished the reduced MT due to the absence of Rgs5 and enhanced dopamine-induced Gi/o effects in Rgs2/5 dbKO UA. Conversely, and as in WT UA, Gi/o inhibition with pertussis toxin or exogenous cAMP decreased MT in Rgs2/5 dbKO to levels in Rgs5-/- UA. Inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDE) concentration-dependently decreased and normalized MT in all genotypes, and blocked dopamine-induced MT augmentation in Rgs2-/-, Rgs5-/-, and Rgs2/5 dbKO UA. We conclude that Gi/o augments UA MT in the absence of RGS2 by a novel mechanism involving PDE-mediated inhibition of cAMP-dependent vasodilatation..
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nia Smith
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alethia J Dixon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patrick Osei-Owusu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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9
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Wang L, Dong S, Chitano P, Seow CY. Potentiation of active force by cyclic strain in sheep carotid arterial smooth muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:1243-1254. [PMID: 37823206 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00162.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to generate force in large arteries is known to be augmented by cyclic strain that mimics the mechanically dynamic in vivo environment associated with blood pressure fluctuation experienced by these arteries. Cyclic strain does not induce a contractile response, like that observed in the myogenic response seen in small arteries, but prompts a substantial increase in the response to electrical stimulation. We coined this phenomenon "force potentiation." Because protein kinase C (PKC) and rho-kinase (ROCK) are known to play a role in increasing contractility of arterial smooth muscle by inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase, and integrin-link kinase (ILK) is crucial in mechanotransduction, we examined how inhibition of these kinases affected force potentiation in sheep carotid artery. We found that phosphorylation of the regulatory myosin light chain was enhanced by cyclic strain, but the enhancement was observed only in activated, not in relaxed muscle. Inhibition of ROCK diminished force potentiation and active isometric force, likely due to the disinhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase. Inhibition of PKC abolished force potentiation without an effect on active force, suggesting a more exclusive role of PKC (compared with ROCK) in mediating force potentiation. Inhibition of ILK had a similar effect as PKC inhibition, suggesting that ILK may be an upstream kinase for PKC activation by mechanical stimuli. Taken together, the findings suggest that ILK, PKC, and ROCK are important kinases in the signal transduction pathway that mediate the effect of mechanical strain on force potentiation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When subjected to mechanical strain, smooth muscle from large arteries has the ability to increase its force generation (force potentiation), which could be important in autoregulation of blood pressure. This phenomenon, however, does not involve a myogenic response, such as the one seen in small arteries and arterioles. Our work shows the involvement of ILK, PKC, and ROCK in the signal transduction pathway that mediates the force-potentiating effect of mechanical strain in large arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shoujin Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu First People's Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Pasquale Chitano
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chun Y Seow
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital/Providence Health Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Tilahun HG, Mullagura HN, Humphrey JD, Baek S. A biochemomechanical model of collagen turnover in arterial adaptations to hemodynamic loading. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:2063-2082. [PMID: 37505299 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-023-01750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The production, removal, and remodeling of fibrillar collagen is fundamental to mechanical homeostasis in arteries, including dynamic morphological and microstructural changes that occur in response to sustained changes in blood flow and pressure under physiological conditions. These dynamic processes involve complex, coupled biological, chemical, and mechanical mechanisms that are not completely understood. Nevertheless, recent simulations using constrained mixture models with phenomenologically motivated constitutive relations have proven able to predict salient features of the progression of certain vascular adaptations as well as disease processes. Collagen turnover is modeled, in part, via stress-dependent changes in collagen half-life, typically within the range of 10-70 days. By contrast, in this work we introduce a biochemomechanical approach to model the cellular synthesis of procollagen as well as its transition from an intermediate state of assembled microfibrils to mature cross-linked fibers, with mechano-regulated removal. The resulting model can simulate temporal changes in geometry, composition, and stress during early vascular adaptation (weeks to months) for modest changes in blood flow or pressure. It is shown that these simulations capture salient features from data presented in the literature from different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu G Tilahun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 3259 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Haritha N Mullagura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 3259 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 3259 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Yamasaki E, Thakore P, Ali S, Solano AS, Wang X, Gao X, Labelle-Dumais C, Chaumeil MM, Gould DB, Earley S. Impaired intracellular Ca 2+ signaling contributes to age-related cerebral small vessel disease in Col4a1 mutant mice. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadi3966. [PMID: 37963192 PMCID: PMC10726848 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adi3966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans and mice with mutations in COL4A1 and COL4A2 manifest hallmarks of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Mice with a missense mutation in Col4a1 at amino acid 1344 (Col4a1+/G1344D) exhibit age-dependent intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) and brain lesions. Here, we report that this pathology was associated with the loss of myogenic vasoconstriction, an intrinsic vascular response essential for the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Electrophysiological analyses showed that the loss of myogenic constriction resulted from blunted pressure-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane depolarization. Furthermore, we found that dysregulation of membrane potential was associated with impaired Ca2+-dependent activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK) and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channels linked to disruptions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ signaling. Col4a1 mutations impair protein folding, which can cause SR stress. Treating Col4a1+/G1344D mice with 4-phenylbutyrate, a compound that promotes the trafficking of misfolded proteins and alleviates SR stress, restored SR Ca2+ signaling, maintained BK and TRPM4 channel activity, prevented loss of myogenic tone, and reduced ICHs. We conclude that alterations in SR Ca2+ handling that impair ion channel activity result in dysregulation of SMC membrane potential and loss of myogenic tone and contribute to age-related cSVD in Col4a1+/G1344D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Yamasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Pratish Thakore
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Sher Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Alfredo Sanchez Solano
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Myriam M. Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Douglas B. Gould
- Department of Ophthalmology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Institute for Human Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Bakar Aging Research Institute, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557-0318, USA
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Alarcon-Martinez L, Shiga Y, Villafranca-Baughman D, Cueva Vargas JL, Vidal Paredes IA, Quintero H, Fortune B, Danesh-Meyer H, Di Polo A. Neurovascular dysfunction in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 97:101217. [PMID: 37778617 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells, the neurons that die in glaucoma, are endowed with a high metabolism requiring optimal provision of oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. The timely regulation of blood flow is, therefore, essential to supply firing neurons in active areas with the oxygen and glucose they need for energy. Many glaucoma patients suffer from vascular deficits including reduced blood flow, impaired autoregulation, neurovascular coupling dysfunction, and blood-retina/brain-barrier breakdown. These processes are tightly regulated by a community of cells known as the neurovascular unit comprising neurons, endothelial cells, pericytes, Müller cells, astrocytes, and microglia. In this review, the neurovascular unit takes center stage as we examine the ability of its members to regulate neurovascular interactions and how their function might be altered during glaucomatous stress. Pericytes receive special attention based on recent data demonstrating their key role in the regulation of neurovascular coupling in physiological and pathological conditions. Of particular interest is the discovery and characterization of tunneling nanotubes, thin actin-based conduits that connect distal pericytes, which play essential roles in the complex spatial and temporal distribution of blood within the retinal capillary network. We discuss cellular and molecular mechanisms of neurovascular interactions and their pathophysiological implications, while highlighting opportunities to develop strategies for vascular protection and regeneration to improve functional outcomes in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Alarcon-Martinez
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Villafranca-Baughman
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge L Cueva Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isaac A Vidal Paredes
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heberto Quintero
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brad Fortune
- Discoveries in Sight Research Laboratories, Devers Eye Institute and Legacy Research Institute, Legacy Healthy, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen Danesh-Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, PO Box 6128, Station centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada; Neuroscience Division, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Saint Denis Street, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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13
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Bernstein SR, Kelleher C, Khalil RA. Gender-based research underscores sex differences in biological processes, clinical disorders and pharmacological interventions. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115737. [PMID: 37549793 PMCID: PMC10587961 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Earlier research has presumed that the male and female biology is similar in most organs except the reproductive system, leading to major misconceptions in research interpretations and clinical implications, with serious disorders being overlooked or misdiagnosed. Careful research has now identified sex differences in the cardiovascular, renal, endocrine, gastrointestinal, immune, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. Also, several cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders have shown differences in prevalence and severity between males and females. Genetic variations in the sex chromosomes have been implicated in several disorders at young age and before puberty. The levels of the gonadal hormones estrogen, progesterone and testosterone and their receptors play a role in the sex differences between adult males and premenopausal women. Hormonal deficiencies and cell senescence have been implicated in differences between postmenopausal and premenopausal women. Specifically, cardiovascular disorders are more common in adult men vs premenopausal women, but the trend is reversed with age with the incidence being greater in postmenopausal women than age-matched men. Gender-specific disorders in females such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hypertension-in-pregnancy and gestational diabetes have attained further research recognition. Other gender-related research areas include menopausal hormone therapy, the "Estrogen Paradox" in pulmonary arterial hypertension being more predominant but less severe in young females, and how testosterone may cause deleterious effects in the kidney while having vasodilator effects in the coronary circulation. This has prompted the National Institutes of Health (NIH) initiative to consider sex as a biological variable in research. The NIH and other funding agencies have provided resources to establish state-of-the-art centers for women health and sex differences in biology and disease in several academic institutions. Scientific societies and journals have taken similar steps to organize specialized conferences and publish special issues on gender-based research. These combined efforts should promote research to enhance our understanding of the sex differences in biological systems beyond just the reproductive system, and provide better guidance and pharmacological tools for the management of various clinical disorders in a gender-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia R Bernstein
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Caroline Kelleher
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raouf A Khalil
- Vascular Surgery Research Laboratories, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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14
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Juste-Lanas Y, Hervas-Raluy S, García-Aznar JM, González-Loyola A. Fluid flow to mimic organ function in 3D in vitro models. APL Bioeng 2023; 7:031501. [PMID: 37547671 PMCID: PMC10404142 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Many different strategies can be found in the literature to model organ physiology, tissue functionality, and disease in vitro; however, most of these models lack the physiological fluid dynamics present in vivo. Here, we highlight the importance of fluid flow for tissue homeostasis, specifically in vessels, other lumen structures, and interstitium, to point out the need of perfusion in current 3D in vitro models. Importantly, the advantages and limitations of the different current experimental fluid-flow setups are discussed. Finally, we shed light on current challenges and future focus of fluid flow models applied to the newest bioengineering state-of-the-art platforms, such as organoids and organ-on-a-chip, as the most sophisticated and physiological preclinical platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Hervas-Raluy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Engineering Research Institute of Aragón (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Jeffrey DA, Russell A, Guerrero MB, Fontaine JT, Romero P, Rosehart AC, Dabertrand F. Estrogen regulates myogenic tone in hippocampal arterioles by enhanced basal release of nitric oxide and endothelial SK Ca channel activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553442. [PMID: 37645715 PMCID: PMC10462022 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Arteries and arterioles exhibit myogenic tone, a partially constricted state that allows further constriction or dilation in response to moment-to-moment fluctuations in blood pressure. The vascular endothelium that lines the internal surface of all blood vessels controls a wide variety of essential functions, including the contractility of the adjacent smooth muscle cells by providing a tonic vasodilatory influence. Studies conducted on large (pial) arteries on the surface of the brain have shown that estrogen lowers myogenic tone in female mice by enhancing nitric oxide (NO) release from the endothelium, however, whether this difference extends to the intracerebral microcirculation remains ambiguous. The existing incomplete picture of sex differences in cerebrovascular physiology combined with a deficiency in treatments that fully restore cognitive function after cerebrovascular accidents places heavy emphasis on the necessity to investigate myogenic tone regulation in the microcirculation from both male and female mice. We hypothesized that sex-linked hormone regulation of myogenic tone extends its influence on the microcirculation level, and sought to characterize it in isolated arterioles from the hippocampus, a major cognitive brain area. Using diameter measurements both in vivo (acute cranial window vascular diameter) and ex vivo (pressure myography experiments), we measured lower myogenic tone responses in hippocampal arterioles from female than male mice. By using a combined surgical and pharmacological approach, we found myogenic tone in ovariectomized (OVX) female mice matches that of males, as well as in endothelium-denuded arterioles. Interestingly, eNOS inhibition induced a larger constriction in female arterioles but only partially abolished the difference in tone. We identified that the remnant difference was mediated by a higher activity and expression of the small-conductance Ca 2+ -sensitive K + (SK) channels. Collectively, these data indicate that eNOS and SK channels exert greater vasodilatory influence over myogenic tone in female mice at physiological pressures.
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16
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Günter A, Sothilingam V, Orlich MM, Nordheim A, Seeliger MW, Mühlfriedel R. Mural Serum Response Factor (SRF) Deficiency Provides Insights into Retinal Vascular Functionality and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12597. [PMID: 37628776 PMCID: PMC10454173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) controls the expression of muscle contraction and motility genes in mural cells (MCs) of the vasculature. In the retina, MC-SRF is important for correct angiogenesis during development and the continuing maintenance of the vascular tone. The purpose of this study was to provide further insights into the effects of MC SRF deficiency on the vasculature and function of the mature retina in SrfiMCKO mice that carry a MC-specific deletion of Srf. Retinal morphology and vascular integrity were analyzed in vivo via scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Retinal function was evaluated with full-field electroretinography (ERG). We found that retinal blood vessels of these mutants exhibited different degrees of morphological and functional alterations. With increasing severity, we found vascular bulging, the formation of arteriovenous (AV) anastomoses, and ultimately, a retinal detachment (RD). The associated irregular retinal blood pressure and flow distribution eventually induced hypoxia, indicated by a negative ERG waveform shape. Further, the high frequency of interocular differences in the phenotype of individual SrfiMCKO mice points to a secondary nature of these developments far downstream of the genetic defect and rather dependent on the local retinal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Günter
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.S.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.S.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Michael M. Orlich
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Mathias W. Seeliger
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.S.); (M.W.S.)
| | - Regine Mühlfriedel
- Division of Ocular Neurodegeneration, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (V.S.); (M.W.S.)
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Här K, Lysenko NN, Dimitrova D, Schlüter T, Zavaritskaya O, Kamkin AG, Mladenov M, Grisk O, Köhler R, Gagov H, Schubert R. Kv2.1 Channels Prevent Vasomotion and Safeguard Myogenic Reactivity in Rat Small Superior Cerebellar Arteries. Cells 2023; 12:1989. [PMID: 37566068 PMCID: PMC10416909 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels have been proposed to contribute to myogenic autoregulation. Surprisingly, in initial experiments, we observed that the Kv2 channel inhibitor stromatoxin induced vasomotion without affecting myogenic tone. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that Kv2 channels contribute to myogenic autoregulation by fine-tuning the myogenic response. Expression of Kv2 channel mRNA was determined using real-time PCR and 'multiplex' single-cell RT-PCR. Potassium currents were measured using the patch-clamp technique. Contractile responses of intact arteries were studied using isobaric myography. Expression of Kv2.1 but not Kv2.2 channels was detected in intact rat superior cerebellar arteries and in single smooth muscle cells. Stromatoxin, a high-affinity inhibitor of Kv2 channels, reduced smooth muscle Kv currents by 61% at saturating concentrations (EC50 36 nmol/L). Further, stromatoxin (10-100 nmol/L) induced pronounced vasomotion in 48% of the vessels studied. In vessels not exhibiting vasomotion, stromatoxin did not affect myogenic reactivity. Notably, in vessels exhibiting stromatoxin-induced vasomotion, pressure increases evoked two effects: First, they facilitated the occurrence of random vasodilations and/or vasoconstrictions, disturbing the myogenic response (24% of the vessels). Second, they modified the vasomotion by decreasing its amplitude and increasing its frequency, thereby destabilizing myogenic tone (76% of the vessels). Our study demonstrates that (i) Kv2.1 channels are the predominantly expressed Kv channels in smooth muscle cells of rat superior cerebellar arteries, and (ii) Kv2.1 channels provide a novel type of negative feedback mechanism in myogenic autoregulation by preventing vasomotion and thereby safeguarding the myogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Här
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Natalia N. Lysenko
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniela Dimitrova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Torsten Schlüter
- Institute of Physiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Olga Zavaritskaya
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andrej G. Kamkin
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mitko Mladenov
- Department of Physiology, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhler
- ARAID-IACS, UIT University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rudolf Schubert
- European Center of Angioscience (ECAS), Research Division Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Universitätsstrasse 2, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
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18
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Ganizada BH, Reesink KD, Parikh S, Ramaekers MJFG, Akbulut AC, Saraber PJMH, Debeij GP, Jaminon AM, Natour E, Lorusso R, Wildberger JE, Mees B, Schurink GW, Jacobs MJ, Cleutjens J, Krapels I, Gombert A, Maessen JG, Accord R, Delhaas T, Schalla S, Schurgers LJ, Bidar E. The Maastricht Acquisition Platform for Studying Mechanisms of Cell-Matrix Crosstalk (MAPEX): An Interdisciplinary and Systems Approach towards Understanding Thoracic Aortic Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2095. [PMID: 37626592 PMCID: PMC10452257 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Current management guidelines for ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (aTAA) recommend intervention once ascending or sinus diameter reaches 5-5.5 cm or shows a growth rate of >0.5 cm/year estimated from echo/CT/MRI. However, many aTAA dissections (aTAAD) occur in vessels with diameters below the surgical intervention threshold of <55 mm. Moreover, during aTAA repair surgeons observe and experience considerable variations in tissue strength, thickness, and stiffness that appear not fully explained by patient risk factors. To improve the understanding of aTAA pathophysiology, we established a multi-disciplinary research infrastructure: The Maastricht acquisition platform for studying mechanisms of tissue-cell crosstalk (MAPEX). The explicit scientific focus of the platform is on the dynamic interactions between vascular smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix (i.e., cell-matrix crosstalk), which play an essential role in aortic wall mechanical homeostasis. Accordingly, we consider pathophysiological influences of wall shear stress, wall stress, and smooth muscle cell phenotypic diversity and modulation. Co-registrations of hemodynamics and deep phenotyping at the histological and cell biology level are key innovations of our platform and are critical for understanding aneurysm formation and dissection at a fundamental level. The MAPEX platform enables the interpretation of the data in a well-defined clinical context and therefore has real potential for narrowing existing knowledge gaps. A better understanding of aortic mechanical homeostasis and its derangement may ultimately improve diagnostic and prognostic possibilities to identify and treat symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with existing and developing aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta H. Ganizada
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen D. Reesink
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shaiv Parikh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mitch J. F. G. Ramaekers
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Asim C. Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Stem Cell Research University Maastricht Facility, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pepijn J. M. H. Saraber
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs P. Debeij
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - MUMC-TAA Student Team
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Armand M. Jaminon
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Natour
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Roberto Lorusso
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Joachim E. Wildberger
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Barend Mees
- Department of Vascular Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Willem Schurink
- Department of Vascular Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael J. Jacobs
- Department of Vascular Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Cleutjens
- Department of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Krapels
- Department of Clinical Genetics, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Gombert
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jos G. Maessen
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
| | - Ryan Accord
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Center for Congenital Heart Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Schalla
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Stem Cell Research University Maastricht Facility, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elham Bidar
- Departments of Cardiothoracic Surgery, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Heart and Vascular Center, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (B.H.G.)
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19
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He X, Dong K, Shen J, Hu G, Mintz JD, Atawia RT, Zhao J, Chen X, Caldwell RW, Xiang M, Stepp DW, Fulton DJ, Zhou J. The Long Noncoding RNA Cardiac Mesoderm Enhancer-Associated Noncoding RNA (Carmn) Is a Critical Regulator of Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Contractile Function and Motility. Gastroenterology 2023; 165:71-87. [PMID: 37030336 PMCID: PMC10330198 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2023.03.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Visceral smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are an integral component of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that regulate GI motility. SMC contraction is regulated by posttranslational signaling and the state of differentiation. Impaired SMC contraction is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms regulating SMC-specific contractile gene expression, including the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), remain largely unexplored. Herein, we reveal a critical role of Carmn (cardiac mesoderm enhancer-associated noncoding RNA), an SMC-specific lncRNA, in regulating visceral SMC phenotype and contractility of the GI tract. METHODS Genotype-Tissue Expression and publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data sets from embryonic, adult human, and mouse GI tissues were interrogated to identify SMC-specific lncRNAs. The functional role of Carmn was investigated using novel green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in (KI) reporter/knock-out (KO) mice. Bulk RNA-seq and single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of colonic muscularis were used to investigate underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Unbiased in silico analyses and GFP expression patterns in Carmn GFP KI mice revealed that Carmn is highly expressed in GI SMCs in humans and mice. Premature lethality was observed in global Carmn KO and inducible SMC-specific KO mice due to GI pseudo-obstruction and severe distension of the GI tract, with dysmotility in cecum and colon segments. Histology, GI transit, and muscle myography analysis revealed severe dilation, significantly delayed GI transit, and impaired GI contractility in Carmn KO vs control mice. Bulk RNA-seq of GI muscularis revealed that loss of Carmn promotes SMC phenotypic switching, as evidenced by up-regulation of extracellular matrix genes and down-regulation of SMC contractile genes, including Mylk, a key regulator of SMC contraction. snRNA-seq further revealed SMC Carmn KO not only compromised myogenic motility by reducing contractile gene expression but also impaired neurogenic motility by disrupting cell-cell connectivity in the colonic muscularis. These findings may have translational significance, because silencing CARMN in human colonic SMCs significantly attenuated contractile gene expression, including MYLK, and decreased SMC contractility. Luciferase reporter assays showed that CARMN enhances the transactivation activity of the master regulator of SMC contractile phenotype, myocardin, thereby maintaining the GI SMC myogenic program. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Carmn is indispensable for maintaining GI SMC contractile function in mice and that loss of function of CARMN may contribute to human visceral myopathy. To our knowledge this is the first study showing an essential role of lncRNA in the regulation of visceral SMC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqin He
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Kunzhe Dong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Immunology Center of Georgia, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - James D Mintz
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Reem T Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Xiuxu Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loyola University Health System, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Robert W Caldwell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - David W Stepp
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David J Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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20
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Turner SR, Al‐Ghabkari A, Carlson DA, Chappellaz M, Sutherland C, Haystead TAJ, Cole WC, MacDonald JA. Death-associated protein kinase 3 regulates the myogenic reactivity of cerebral arteries. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:986-997. [PMID: 37084168 PMCID: PMC10988501 DOI: 10.1113/ep090631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? DAPK3 contributes to the Ca2+ -sensitization of vascular smooth muscle contraction: does this protein kinase participate in the myogenic response of cerebral arteries? What is the main finding and its importance? Small molecule inhibitors of DAPK3 effectively block the myogenic responses of cerebral arteries. HS38-dependent changes to vessel constriction occur independent of LC20 phosphorylation, and therefore DAPK3 appears to operate via the actin cytoskeleton. A role for DAPK3 in the myogenic response was not previously reported, and the results support a potential new therapeutic target in the cerebrovascular system. ABSTRACT The vascular smooth muscle (VSM) of resistance blood vessels is a target of intrinsic autoregulatory responses to increased intraluminal pressure, the myogenic response. In the brain, the myogenic reactivity of cerebral arteries is critical to homeostatic blood flow regulation. Here we provide the first evidence to link the death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) to the myogenic response of rat and human cerebral arteries. DAPK3 is a Ser/Thr kinase involved in Ca2+ -sensitization mechanisms of smooth muscle contraction. Ex vivo administration of a specific DAPK3 inhibitor (i.e., HS38) could attenuate vessel constrictions invoked by serotonin as well as intraluminal pressure elevation. The HS38-dependent dilatation was not associated with any change in myosin light chain (LC20) phosphorylation. The results suggest that DAPK3 does not regulate Ca2+ sensitization pathways during the myogenic response of cerebral vessels but rather operates to control the actin cytoskeleton. A slow return of myogenic tone was observed during the sustained ex vivo exposure of cerebral arteries to HS38. Recovery of tone was associated with greater LC20 phosphorylation that suggests intrinsic signalling compensation in response to attenuation of DAPK3 activity. Additional experiments with VSM cells revealed HS38- and siDAPK-dependent effects on the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion kinase phosphorylation status. The translational importance of DAPK3 to the human cerebral vasculature was noted, with robust expression of the protein kinase and significant HS38-dependent attenuation of myogenic reactivity found for human pial vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. Turner
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Abdulhameed Al‐Ghabkari
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - David A. Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer BiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
| | - Mona Chappellaz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Cindy Sutherland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Timothy A. J. Haystead
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer BiologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
| | - William C. Cole
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Justin A. MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
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21
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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22
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Abstract
Pericytes, attached to the surface of capillaries, play an important role in regulating local blood flow. Using optogenetic tools and genetically encoded reporters in conjunction with confocal and multiphoton imaging techniques, the 3D structure, anatomical organization, and physiology of pericytes have recently been the subject of detailed examination. This work has revealed novel functions of pericytes and morphological features such as tunneling nanotubes in brain and tunneling microtubes in heart. Here, we discuss the state of our current understanding of the roles of pericytes in blood flow control in brain and heart, where functions may differ due to the distinct spatiotemporal metabolic requirements of these tissues. We also outline the novel concept of electro-metabolic signaling, a universal mechanistic framework that links tissue metabolic state with blood flow regulation by pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, with capillary KATP and Kir2.1 channels as primary sensors. Finally, we present major unresolved questions and outline how they can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Guiling Zhao
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
- Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - W Jonathan Lederer
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; ,
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Tilahun HG, Mullagura HN, Humphrey JD, Baek S. A Biochemomechanical Model of Collagen Turnover in Arterial Adaptations to Hemodynamic Loading. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2535591. [PMID: 36798195 PMCID: PMC9934758 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2535591/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The production, removal, and remodeling of fibrillar collagen is fundamental to arterial homeostasis, including dynamic morphological and microstructural changes that occur in response to sustained changes in blood flow and pressure under physiological conditions. These dynamic processes involve complex, coupled biological, chemical, and mechanical mechanisms that are not completely understood. Nevertheless, recent simulations using constrained mixture models with phenomenologically motivated constitutive relations have demonstrated a capability to predict salient features of the progression of certain vascular adaptations and disease processes. Collagen turnover is modeled, in part, via stress-dependent changes in collagen half-life, typically taken within the range of 10â€"70 days. By contrast, in this work we introduce a biochemomechanical approach to model the cellular synthesis of procollagen as well as its transition from an intermediate state of assembled microfibrils to mature cross-linked fibers, with mechano-regulated removal. The resulting model can simulate temporal changes in geometry, composition, and stress during early vascular adaptation (weeks to months) for modest changes in blood flow or pressure. It is shown that these simulations capture salient features from data presented in the literature from different animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailu G. Tilahun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Haritha N. Mullagura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Seungik Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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24
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Pewowaruk RJ, Hein AJ, Hansen KM, Barnes JN, Chesler NC, Korcarz CE, Gepner AD. Exercise increases arterial stiffness independent of blood pressure in older Veterans. J Hypertens 2023; 41:316-325. [PMID: 36479879 PMCID: PMC9805522 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced changes in arterial function could contribute to a hypertensive response to exercise (HRE) in older individuals. We performed the present analysis to define the acute arterial stiffness response to exercise in ambulatory older adults. METHODS Thirty-nine Veterans (>60 years old), without known cardiovascular disease, participated in this study, including 19 Veterans who were hypertensive (70.8 ± 6.8 years, 53% women) and 20 Veterans who were normotensive (72.0 ± 9.3 years, 40% women). Arterial stiffness parameters were measured locally with carotid artery ultrasound and regionally with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) before and during the 10 min after participants performed a Balke maximal exercise treadmill stress test. RESULTS The arterial stiffness response to exercise was similar for control and hypertensive participants. At 6 min postexercise, cfPWV was significantly increased (Δ1.5 ± 1.9 m/s, P = 0.004) despite mean blood pressure (BP) having returned to its baseline value (Δ1 ± 8 mmHg, P = 0.79). Arterial mechanics modeling also showed BP-independent increases in arterial stiffness with exercise ( P < 0.05). Postexercise cfPWV was correlated with postexercise SBP ( r = 0.50, P = 0.004) while baseline cfPWV ( r = 0.13, P = 1.00), and postexercise total peripheral resistance ( r = -0.18, P = 1.00) were not. CONCLUSION In older Veterans, exercise increases arterial stiffness independently of BP and the arterial stiffness increase with exercise is associated with increased postexercise SBP. BP-independent increases in arterial stiffness with exercise could contribute to a HRE in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Pewowaruk
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Amy J Hein
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
| | - Kristin M Hansen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Jill N Barnes
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Naomi C Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California - Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia E Korcarz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
| | - Adam D Gepner
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health
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25
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Cui Y, Gollasch M, Kassmann M. Arterial myogenic response and aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101813. [PMID: 36470339 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The arterial myogenic response is an inherent property of resistance arteries. Myogenic tone is crucial for maintaining a relatively constant blood flow in response to changes in intraluminal pressure and protects delicate organs from excessive blood flow. Although this fundamental physiological phenomenon has been extensively studied, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. Recent studies identified a crucial role of mechano-activated angiotensin II type 1 receptors (AT1R) in this process. The development of myogenic response is affected by aging. In this review, we summarize recent progress made to understand the role of AT1R and other mechanosensors in the control of arterial myogenic response. We discuss age-related alterations in myogenic response and possible underlying mechanisms and implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Cui
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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26
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Ca 2+-Activated K + Channels and the Regulation of the Uteroplacental Circulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021349. [PMID: 36674858 PMCID: PMC9867535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate uteroplacental blood supply is essential for the development and growth of the placenta and fetus during pregnancy. Aberrant uteroplacental perfusion is associated with pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and gestational diabetes. The regulation of uteroplacental blood flow is thus vital to the well-being of the mother and fetus. Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels of small, intermediate, and large conductance participate in setting and regulating the resting membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) and play a critical role in controlling vascular tone and blood pressure. KCa channels are important mediators of estrogen/pregnancy-induced adaptive changes in the uteroplacental circulation. Activation of the channels hyperpolarizes uteroplacental VSMCs/ECs, leading to attenuated vascular tone, blunted vasopressor responses, and increased uteroplacental blood flow. However, the regulation of uteroplacental vascular function by KCa channels is compromised in pregnancy complications. This review intends to provide a comprehensive overview of roles of KCa channels in the regulation of the uteroplacental circulation under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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27
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Martín-Aragón Baudel M, Hong J, Hell JW, Nieves-Cintrón M, Navedo MF. Mechanisms of Vascular Ca V1.2 Channel Regulation During Diabetic Hyperglycemia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 279:41-58. [PMID: 36598607 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. A major underlying factor in diabetes is the excessive glucose levels in the bloodstream (e.g., hyperglycemia). Vascular complications directly result from this metabolic abnormality, leading to disabling and life-threatening conditions. Dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells is a well-recognized factor mediating vascular complications during diabetic hyperglycemia. The function of vascular smooth muscle cells is exquisitely controlled by different ion channels. Among the ion channels, the L-type CaV1.2 channel plays a key role as it is the main Ca2+ entry pathway regulating vascular smooth muscle contractile state. The activity of CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle is altered by diabetic hyperglycemia, which may contribute to vascular complications. In this chapter, we summarize the current understanding of the regulation of CaV1.2 channels in vascular smooth muscle by different signaling pathways. We place special attention on the regulation of CaV1.2 channel activity in vascular smooth muscle by a newly uncovered AKAP5/P2Y11/AC5/PKA/CaV1.2 axis that is engaged during diabetic hyperglycemia. We further describe the pathophysiological implications of activation of this axis as it relates to myogenic tone and vascular reactivity and propose that this complex may be targeted for developing therapies to treat diabetic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Johannes W Hell
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Manuel F Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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28
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Hariharan A, Robertson CD, Garcia DCG, Longden TA. Brain capillary pericytes are metabolic sentinels that control blood flow through a K ATP channel-dependent energy switch. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111872. [PMID: 36577387 PMCID: PMC10187957 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of capillary thin-strand pericytes and their proximity to neurons and glia, little is known of the contributions of these cells to the control of brain hemodynamics. We demonstrate that the pharmacological activation of thin-strand pericyte KATP channels profoundly hyperpolarizes these cells, dilates upstream penetrating arterioles and arteriole-proximate capillaries, and increases capillary blood flow. Focal stimulation of pericytes with a KATP channel agonist is sufficient to evoke this response, mediated via KIR2.1 channel-dependent retrograde propagation of hyperpolarizing signals, whereas genetic inactivation of pericyte KATP channels eliminates these effects. Critically, we show that decreasing extracellular glucose to less than 1 mM or inhibiting glucose uptake by blocking GLUT1 transporters in vivo flips a mechanistic energy switch driving rapid KATP-mediated pericyte hyperpolarization to increase local blood flow. Together, our findings recast capillary pericytes as metabolic sentinels that respond to local energy deficits by increasing blood flow to neurons to prevent energetic shortfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Hariharan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin D Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniela C G Garcia
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thomas A Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Laboratory of Neurovascular Interactions, Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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29
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Oxidative Regulation of Vascular Ca v1.2 Channels Triggers Vascular Dysfunction in Hypertension-Related Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122432. [PMID: 36552639 PMCID: PMC9774363 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. The L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ (Cav1.2) channel in small arteries and arterioles plays an essential role in regulating Ca2+ influx, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Hypertension and preeclampsia are characterized by high blood pressure. In addition, diabetes has a high prevalence of hypertension. The etiology of these disorders remains elusive, involving the complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors. Common to these disorders are oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and mitochondria are primary sources of vascular oxidative stress, whereas dysfunction of the Cav1.2 channel confers increased vascular resistance in hypertension. This review will discuss the importance of ROS derived from NOXs and mitochondria in regulating vascular Cav1.2 and potential roles of ROS-mediated Cav1.2 dysfunction in aberrant vascular function in hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia.
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30
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Jimenez C, Hawn MB, Akin E, Leblanc N. Translational potential of targeting Anoctamin-1-Encoded Calcium-Activated chloride channels in hypertension. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 206:115320. [PMID: 36279919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) provide a depolarizing stimulus to a variety of tissues through chloride efflux in response to a rise in internal Ca2+ and voltage. One of these channels, Anoctamin-1 (ANO1 or TMEM16A) is now recognized to play a central role in promoting smooth muscle tone in various types of blood vessels. Its role in hypertension, and thus the therapeutic promise of targeting ANO1, is less straightforward. This review gives an overview of our current knowledge about the potential role ANO1 may play in hypertension within the systemic, portal, and pulmonary vascular systems and the importance of this information when pursuing potential treatment strategies. While the role of ANO1 is well-established in several forms of pulmonary hypertension, its contributions to both the generation of vascular tone and its role in hypertension within the systemic and portal systems are much less clear. This, combined with ANO1's various roles throughout a multitude of tissues throughout the body, command caution when targeting ANO1 as a therapeutic target and may require tissue-selective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Jimenez
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Matthew B Hawn
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Elizabeth Akin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - Normand Leblanc
- Department of Pharmacology and Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) for Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA.
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31
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Mironova GY, Haghbin N, Welsh DG. Functional tuning of Vascular L-type Ca2+ channels. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1058744. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1058744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle contraction is intimately tied to membrane potential and the rise in intracellular Ca2+ enabled by the opening of L-type Ca2+ channels. While voltage is often viewed as the single critical factor gating these channels, research is starting to reveal a more intricate scenario whereby their function is markedly tuned. This emerging concept will be the focus of this three-part review, the first part articulating the mechanistic foundation of contractile development in vascular smooth muscle. Part two will extend this foundational knowledge, introducing readers to functional coupling and how neighboring L-type Ca2+ channels work cooperatively through signaling protein complexes, to facilitate their open probability. The final aspect of this review will discuss the impact of L-type Ca2+ channel trafficking, a process tied to cytoskeleton dynamics. Cumulatively, this brief manuscript provides new insight into how voltage, along with channel cooperativity and number, work in concert to tune Ca2+ responses and smooth muscle contraction.
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32
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Wang D, Maharjan S, Kuang X, Wang Z, Mille LS, Tao M, Yu P, Cao X, Lian L, Lv L, He JJ, Tang G, Yuk H, Ozaki CK, Zhao X, Zhang YS. Microfluidic bioprinting of tough hydrogel-based vascular conduits for functional blood vessels. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq6900. [PMID: 36288300 PMCID: PMC9604524 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq6900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of vascular tissues that are mechanically and functionally comparable to their native counterparts is an unmet challenge. Here, we developed a tough double-network hydrogel (bio)ink for microfluidic (bio)printing of mono- and dual-layered hollow conduits to recreate vein- and artery-like tissues, respectively. The tough hydrogel consisted of energy-dissipative ionically cross-linked alginate and elastic enzyme-cross-linked gelatin. The 3D bioprinted venous and arterial conduits exhibited key functionalities of respective vessels including relevant mechanical properties, perfusability, barrier performance, expressions of specific markers, and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pseudo-viral infection. Notably, the arterial conduits revealed physiological vasoconstriction and vasodilatation responses. We further explored the feasibility of these conduits for vascular anastomosis. Together, our study presents biofabrication of mechanically and functionally relevant vascular conduits, showcasing their potentials as vascular models for disease studies in vitro and as grafts for vascular surgeries in vivo, possibly serving broad biomedical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100144, P. R. China
| | - Sushila Maharjan
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiao Kuang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luis S. Mille
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ming Tao
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peng Yu
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xia Cao
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Liming Lian
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Li Lv
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jacqueline Jialu He
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guosheng Tang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Yuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C. Keith Ozaki
- Department of Surgery and the Heart and Vascular Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author. (Y.S.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.K.O.)
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (Y.S.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.K.O.)
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Corresponding author. (Y.S.Z.); (X.Z.); (C.K.O.)
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Vascular Ca V1.2 channels in diabetes. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:65-93. [PMID: 36368875 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic vasculopathy is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. Hyperglycemia, one of the central metabolic abnormalities in diabetes, has been associated with vascular dysfunction due to endothelial cell damage. However, studies also point toward vascular smooth muscle as a locus for hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction. Emerging evidence implicates hyperglycemia-induced regulation of vascular L-type Ca2+ channels CaV1.2 as a potential mechanism for vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This chapter summarizes our current understanding of vascular CaV1.2 channels and their regulation during physiological and hyperglycemia/diabetes conditions. We will emphasize the role of CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle, the effects of elevated glucose on CaV1.2 function, and the mechanisms underlying its dysregulation in hyperglycemia and diabetes. We conclude by examining future directions and gaps in knowledge regarding CaV1.2 regulation in health and during diabetes.
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O’Hare M, Esquiva G, McGahon MK, Hombrebueno JMR, Augustine J, Canning P, Edgar KS, Barabas P, Friedel T, Cincolà P, Henry J, Mayne K, Ferrin H, Stitt AW, Lyons TJ, Brazil DP, Grieve DJ, McGeown JG, Curtis TM. Loss of TRPV2-mediated blood flow autoregulation recapitulates diabetic retinopathy in rats. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e155128. [PMID: 36134661 PMCID: PMC9675469 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of retinal blood flow autoregulation is an early feature of diabetes that precedes the development of clinically recognizable diabetic retinopathy (DR). Retinal blood flow autoregulation is mediated by the myogenic response of the retinal arterial vessels, a process that is initiated by the stretch‑dependent activation of TRPV2 channels on the retinal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Here, we show that the impaired myogenic reaction of retinal arterioles from diabetic animals is associated with a complete loss of stretch‑dependent TRPV2 current activity on the retinal VSMCs. This effect could be attributed, in part, to TRPV2 channel downregulation, a phenomenon that was also evident in human retinal VSMCs from diabetic donors. We also demonstrate that TRPV2 heterozygous rats, a nondiabetic model of impaired myogenic reactivity and blood flow autoregulation in the retina, develop a range of microvascular, glial, and neuronal lesions resembling those observed in DR, including neovascular complexes. No overt kidney pathology was observed in these animals. Our data suggest that TRPV2 dysfunction underlies the loss of retinal blood flow autoregulation in diabetes and provide strong support for the hypothesis that autoregulatory deficits are involved in the pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O’Hare
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | - Gema Esquiva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | - Mary K. McGahon
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | - Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | - Paul Canning
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | - Kevin S. Edgar
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | - Peter Barabas
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | - Thomas Friedel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | | | - Jennifer Henry
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Mayne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Ferrin
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences Education, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim M. Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine and
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Goto K, Kitazono T. Chloride Ions, Vascular Function and Hypertension. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092316. [PMID: 36140417 PMCID: PMC9496098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure is determined by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance, and mediators that induce vasoconstriction will increase systemic vascular resistance and thus elevate blood pressure. While peripheral vascular resistance reflects a complex interaction of multiple factors, vascular ion channels and transporters play important roles in the regulation of vascular tone by modulating the membrane potential of vascular cells. In vascular smooth muscle cells, chloride ions (Cl−) are a type of anions accumulated by anion exchangers and the anion–proton cotransporter system, and efflux of Cl− through Cl− channels depolarizes the membrane and thereby triggers vasoconstriction. Among these Cl− regulatory pathways, emerging evidence suggests that upregulation of the Ca2+-activated Cl− channel TMEM16A in the vasculature contributes to the increased vascular contractility and elevated blood pressure in hypertension. A robust accumulation of intracellular Cl− in vascular smooth muscle cells through the increased activity of Na+–K+–2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) during hypertension has also been reported. Thus, the enhanced activity of both TMEM16A and NKCC1 could act additively and sequentially to increase vascular contractility and hence blood pressure in hypertension. In this review, we discuss recent findings regarding the role of Cl− in the regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure and its association with hypertension, with a particular focus on TMEM16A and NKCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Goto
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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36
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Wilson C, McCarron JG, Lee MD. William Bayliss and the enduring fascination of myogenic tone. J Physiol 2022; 600:4043-4044. [PMID: 35848099 DOI: 10.1113/jp282890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Vézina-Audette R, Kantyka M, Gianotti G, Silverstein DC. Comparison of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Changes in Response to Three Different Randomized Isotonic Crystalloid Boluses in Hypotensive Anesthetized Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141781. [PMID: 35883328 PMCID: PMC9312031 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective, randomized, nonblinded, controlled clinical trial was to compare mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) during an intravenous bolus of three different balanced isotonic crystalloid solutions in euvolemic, anesthetized dogs with hypotension. Thirty healthy dogs (American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I–II) weighing at least 15 kg that presented for elective orthopedic or dental surgical procedures at the Ryan Veterinary Hospital for Small Animals of the University of Pennsylvania were included in this study. Anesthetized hypotensive patients (defined as a MAP ≤ 65 mmHg), were administered an infusion of Lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS), Plasma-Lyte (PLYTE) or Canadian Plasma-Lyte (PLYTECA), selected at random. The infusion was administered over 15 min via a volumetric fluid pump. Differences in oscillometric MAP and HR between time points and across treatments were evaluated by mANOVA. Intravenous isotonic crystalloid infusions over 15 min did not significantly change MAP or HR in hypotensive dogs under general anesthesia. Neither LRS, PLYTE nor PLYTECA exacerbated hypotension or caused tachycardia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Vézina-Audette
- Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Delancey Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.G.); (D.C.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Kantyka
- Section of Anaesthesiology and Pain Therapy, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Giacomo Gianotti
- Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Delancey Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.G.); (D.C.S.)
| | - Deborah C. Silverstein
- Department of Clinical Studies, Matthew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital, 3900 Delancey Street, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (G.G.); (D.C.S.)
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Lu Y, Stec DE, Liu R, Ryan M, Drummond HA. βENaC and ASIC2 associate in VSMCs to mediate pressure-induced constriction in the renal afferent arteriole. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F498-F511. [PMID: 35285274 PMCID: PMC8977180 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00003.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In independent studies, our laboratory has shown the importance of the degenerin proteins β-epithelial Na+ channel (βENaC) and acid-sensing ion channel 2 (ASIC2) in pressure-induced constriction (PIC) in renal interlobar arteries. Most, but not all, of the PIC response is abolished in mice lacking normal levels of βENaC or in ASIC2-null mice, indicating that the functions of βENaC and ASIC2 cannot fully compensate for the loss of the other. Degenerin proteins are known to associate and form heteromeric channels in expression systems, but whether they interact biochemically and functionally in vascular smooth muscle cells is unknown. We hypothesized that βENaC and ASIC2 interact to mediate PIC responses in renal vessels. To address this possibility, we 1) used biochemical approaches to show that βENaC associates into high-molecular-weight complexes and immunoprecipitants with ASIC2 in vascular smooth muscle cells and then 2) examined PIC in renal afferent arterioles in mice lacking normal levels of βENaC (βENaCm/m) or/and ASIC2 (ASIC2-/-) using the isolated afferent arteriole-attached glomerulus preparation. We found that the sensitivity of the PIC response (slope of the relationship between intraluminal pressure and percent myogenic tone) decreased to 26%, 27%, and -8% of wild-type controls in ASIC2-/-, βENaCm/m, and ASIC2-/-/βENaCm/m groups, respectively, suggesting that the PIC response was totally abolished in mice deficient in both ASIC2 and βENaC. Surprisingly, we found that resting internal diameters were 20-30% lower (60 mmHg, Ca2+ free) in ASIC2-/-/βENaCm/m (11.3 ± 0.5 µm) mice compared with control (14.4 ± 0.6 µm, P = 0.0007, independent two-tailed t test) or singly modified (15.7 ± 1.0 to 16.3 ± 1.1 µm) mice, suggesting compensatory vasoconstriction or remodeling. We then examined mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) using radiotelemetry and glomerular injury using histological examination of renal sections. We found that 24-h MAP was mildly elevated (+8 mmHg) in ASIC2-/-/βENaCm/m mice versus wild-type controls and the glomerular injury score was modestly increased by 38%. These findings demonstrate that myogenic constriction in afferent arterioles is dependent on normal expression of βENaC and ASIC2 and that mice lacking normal levels of ASIC2 and βENaC have mild renal injury and increased MAP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Transmission of systemic blood pressure to delicate renal microvessels is a primary determinant of vascular injury in chronic kidney disease progression to end-stage renal disease. Here, we identified two degenerin family members, with an evolutionary link to mechanosensing, that interact biochemically and functionally to regulate systemic blood pressure and renal injury. Thus, degenerin proteins may serve as a target for the development of therapies to prevent or delay renal disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David E Stec
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Michael Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Abstract
Approximately 7% of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with general anesthesia develop postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI). It is well-known that general anesthesia may have an impact on renal function and water balance regulation, but the mechanisms and potential differences between anesthetics are not yet completely clear. Recently published large animal studies have demonstrated that volatile (gas) anesthesia stimulates the renal sympathetic nervous system more than intravenous propofol anesthesia, resulting in decreased water and sodium excretion and reduced renal perfusion and oxygenation. Whether this is the case also in humans remains to be clarified. Increased renal sympathetic nerve activity may impair renal excretory function and oxygenation and induce structural injury in ischemic AKI models and could therefore be a contributing factor to AKI in the perioperative setting. This review summarizes anesthetic agents' effects on the renal sympathetic nervous system that may be important in the pathogenesis of perioperative AKI.
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40
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Daoud F, Arévalo Martinez M, Holmberg J, Alajbegovic A, Ali N, Rippe C, Swärd K, Albinsson S. YAP and TAZ in Vascular Smooth Muscle Confer Protection Against Hypertensive Vasculopathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:428-443. [PMID: 35196875 PMCID: PMC8939708 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension remains a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We hypothesize that appropriate mechanotransduction and contractile function in vascular smooth muscle cells are crucial to maintain vascular wall integrity. The Hippo pathway effectors YAP (yes-associated protein 1) and TAZ (WW domain containing transcription regulator 1) have been identified as mechanosensitive transcriptional coactivators. However, their role in vascular smooth muscle cell mechanotransduction has not been investigated in vivo. METHODS We performed physiological and molecular analyses utilizing an inducible smooth muscle-specific YAP/TAZ knockout mouse model. RESULTS Arteries lacking YAP/TAZ have reduced agonist-mediated contraction, decreased myogenic response, and attenuated stretch-induced transcriptional regulation of smooth muscle markers. Moreover, in established hypertension, YAP/TAZ knockout results in severe vascular lesions in small mesenteric arteries characterized by neointimal hyperplasia, elastin degradation, and adventitial thickening. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a protective role of YAP/TAZ against hypertensive vasculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Daoud
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Marycarmen Arévalo Martinez
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Johan Holmberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Azra Alajbegovic
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Neserin Ali
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit (N.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Catarina Rippe
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Karl Swärd
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Albinsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science (F.D., M.A.M., J.H., A.A., C.R., K.S., S.A.), Lund University, Sweden
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41
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Sancho M, Fletcher J, Welsh DG. Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels: Membrane Lipid-Dependent Mechanosensitive Gates in Brain Vascular Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:869481. [PMID: 35419431 PMCID: PMC8995785 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.869481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral arteries contain two primary and interacting cell types, smooth muscle (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), which are each capable of sensing particular hemodynamic forces to set basal tone and brain perfusion. These biomechanical stimuli help confer tone within arterial networks upon which local neurovascular stimuli function. Tone development is intimately tied to arterial membrane potential (VM) and changes in intracellular [Ca2+] driven by voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). Arterial VM is in turn set by the dynamic interplay among ion channel species, the strongly inward rectifying K+ (Kir) channel being of special interest. Kir2 channels possess a unique biophysical signature in that they strongly rectify, display negative slope conductance, respond to elevated extracellular K+ and are blocked by micromolar Ba2+. While functional Kir2 channels are expressed in both smooth muscle and endothelium, they lack classic regulatory control, thus are often viewed as a simple background conductance. Recent literature has provided new insight, with two membrane lipids, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and cholesterol, noted to (1) stabilize Kir2 channels in a preferred open or closed state, respectively, and (2) confer, in association with the cytoskeleton, caveolin-1 (Cav1) and syntrophin, hemodynamic sensitivity. It is these aspects of vascular Kir2 channels that will be the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sancho
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Maria Sancho,
| | - Jacob Fletcher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Donald G. Welsh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Donald G. Welsh,
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42
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De Ieso ML, Kuhn M, Bernatchez P, Elliott MH, Stamer WD. A Role of Caveolae in Trabecular Meshwork Mechanosensing and Contractile Tone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:855097. [PMID: 35372369 PMCID: PMC8969750 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.855097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms in the CAV1/2 gene loci impart increased risk for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). CAV1 encodes caveolin-1 (Cav1), which is required for biosynthesis of plasma membrane invaginations called caveolae. Cav1 knockout mice exhibit elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and decreased outflow facility, but the mechanistic role of Cav1 in IOP homeostasis is unknown. We hypothesized that caveolae sequester/inhibit RhoA, to regulate trabecular meshwork (TM) mechanosensing and contractile tone. Using phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC) as a surrogate indicator for Rho/ROCK activity and contractile tone, we found that pMLC was elevated in Cav1-deficient TM cells compared to control (131 ± 10%, n = 10, p = 0.016). Elevation of pMLC levels following Cav1 knockdown occurred in cells on a soft surface (137 ± 7%, n = 24, p < 0.0001), but not on a hard surface (122 ± 17%, n = 12, p = 0.22). In Cav1-deficient TM cells where pMLC was elevated, Rho activity was also increased (123 ± 7%, n = 6, p = 0.017), suggesting activation of the Rho/ROCK pathway. Cyclic stretch reduced pMLC/MLC levels in TM cells (69 ± 7% n = 9, p = 0.002) and in Cav1-deficient TM cells, although not significantly (77 ± 11% n = 10, p = 0.059). Treatment with the Cav1 scaffolding domain mimetic, cavtratin (1 μM) caused a reduction in pMLC (70 ± 5% n = 7, p = 0.001), as did treatment with the scaffolding domain mutant cavnoxin (1 μM) (82 ± 7% n = 7, p = 0.04). Data suggest that caveolae differentially regulate RhoA signaling, and that caveolae participate in TM mechanotransduction. Cav1 regulation of these key TM functions provide evidence for underlying mechanisms linking polymorphisms in the Cav1/2 gene loci with increased POAG risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. De Ieso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Megan Kuhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Pascal Bernatchez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Heart + Lung Innovation Centre, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael H. Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke Eye Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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43
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Mironova GY, Mazumdar N, Hashad AM, El-Lakany MA, Welsh DG. Defining a Role of NADPH Oxidase in Myogenic Tone Development. Microcirculation 2022; 29:e12756. [PMID: 35289024 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The myogenic response sets the foundation for blood flow control. Recent findings suggest a role for G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and signaling pathways tied to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this regard, this study ascertained the impact of NADPH oxidase (Nox) on myogenic tone in rat cerebral resistance arteries. METHODS The study employed real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR), pressure myography, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Gq blockade abolished myogenic tone in rat cerebral arteries, linking GPCR to mechanosensation. Subsequent work revealed that general (TEMPOL) and mitochondrial specific (MitoTEMPO) ROS scavengers had little impact on myogenic tone, whereas apocynin, a broad spectrum Nox inhibitor, initiated transient dilation. RT-qPCR revealed Nox1 and Nox2 mRNA expression in smooth muscle cells. Pressure myography defined Nox1 rather than Nox2 is facilitating myogenic tone. We rationalized that Nox1-generated ROS was initiating this response by impairing the ability of the CaV 3.2 channel to elicit negative feedback via BKCa . This hypothesis was confirmed in functional experiments. The proximity ligation assay further revealed that Nox1 and CaV 3.2 colocalize within 40 nm of one another. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlight that vascular pressurization augments Nox1 activity and ensuing ROS production facilitates myogenic tone by limiting Ca2+ influx via CaV 3.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Yu Mironova
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neil Mazumdar
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Hashad
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Lakany
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Robarts Research Institute and Dept. of Physiology & Pharmacology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Cui Y, Kassmann M, Nickel S, Zhang C, Alenina N, Anistan YM, Schleifenbaum J, Bader M, Welsh DG, Huang Y, Gollasch M. Myogenic Vasoconstriction Requires Canonical G q/11 Signaling of the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e022070. [PMID: 35132870 PMCID: PMC9245832 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Blood pressure and tissue perfusion are controlled in part by the level of intrinsic (myogenic) arterial tone. However, many of the molecular determinants of this response are unknown. We previously found that mice with targeted disruption of the gene encoding the angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1AR) (Agtr1a), the major murine angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) isoform, showed reduced myogenic tone; however, uncontrolled genetic events (in this case, gene ablation) can lead to phenotypes that are difficult or impossible to interpret. Methods and Results We tested the mechanosensitive function of AT1R using tamoxifen-inducible smooth muscle-specific AT1aR knockout (smooth muscle-Agtr1a-/-) mice and studied downstream signaling cascades mediated by Gq/11 and/or β-arrestins. FR900359, Sar1Ile4Ile8-angiotensin II (SII), TRV120027 and TRV120055 were used as selective Gq/11 inhibitor and biased agonists to activate noncanonical β-arrestin and canonical Gq/11 signaling of the AT1R, respectively. Myogenic and Ang II-induced constrictions were diminished in the perfused renal vasculature, mesenteric and cerebral arteries of smooth muscle-Agtr1a-/- mice. Similar effects were observed in arteries of global mutant Agtr1a-/- but not Agtr1b-/- mice. FR900359 decreased myogenic tone and angiotensin II-induced constrictions whereas selective biased targeting of AT1R-β-arrestin signaling pathways had no effects. Conclusions This study demonstrates that myogenic arterial constriction requires Gq/11-dependent signaling pathways of mechanoactivated AT1R but not G protein-independent, noncanonical pathways in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Cui
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Mario Kassmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics University Medicine Greifswald Germany
| | - Sophie Nickel
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Chenglin Zhang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong China
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Yoland Marie Anistan
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics University Medicine Greifswald Germany
| | - Johanna Schleifenbaum
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin Berlin Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany.,Institute for Biology University of Lübeck Germany
| | - Donald G Welsh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Robarts, Research Institute Western University London Ontario Canada
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences Chinese University of Hong Kong China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences Campus VirchowCity University of Hong Kong China
| | - Maik Gollasch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) a joint cooperation between the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics University Medicine Greifswald Germany.,Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Campus VirchowCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany
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Peixoto-Neves D, Kanthakumar P, Afolabi JM, Soni H, Buddington RK, Adebiyi A. K V7.1 channel blockade inhibits neonatal renal autoregulation triggered by a step decrease in arterial pressure. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 322:F197-F207. [PMID: 35001664 PMCID: PMC8816635 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00568.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
KV7 channels, the voltage-gated K+ channels encoded by KCNQ genes, mediate heterogeneous vascular responses in rodents. Postnatal changes in the functional expression of KV7 channels have been reported in rodent saphenous arteries, but their physiological function in the neonatal renal vascular bed is unclear. Here, we report that, unlike adult pigs, only KCNQ1 (KV7.1) out of the five members of KCNQ genes was detected in neonatal pig renal microvessels. KCNQ1 is present in fetal pig kidneys as early as day 50 of gestation, and the level of expression remains the same up to postnatal day 21. Activation of renal vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) KV7.1 stimulated whole cell currents, inhibited by HMR1556 (HMR), a selective KV7.1 blocker. HMR did not change the steady-state diameter of isolated renal microvessels. Similarly, intrarenal artery infusion of HMR did not alter mean arterial pressure, renal blood flow, and renal vascular resistance in the pigs. An ∼20 mmHg reduction in mean arterial pressure evoked effective autoregulation of renal blood flow, which HMR inhibited. We conclude that 1) the expression of KCNQ isoforms in porcine renal microvessels is dependent on kidney maturation, 2) KV7.1 is functionally expressed in neonatal pig renal vascular SMCs, 3) a decrease in arterial pressure up to 20 mmHg induces renal autoregulation in neonatal pigs, and 4) SMC KV7.1 does not control basal renal vascular tone but contributes to neonatal renal autoregulation triggered by a step decrease in arterial pressure.NEW & NOTEWORTHY KV7.1 is present in fetal pig kidneys as early as day 50 of gestation, and the level of expression remains the same up to postnatal day 21. KV7.1 is functionally expressed in neonatal pig renal vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). A decrease in arterial pressure up to 20 mmHg induces renal autoregulation in neonatal pigs. Although SMC KV7.1 does not control basal renal vascular resistance, its inhibition blunts neonatal renal autoregulation engendered by a step decrease in arterial pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieniffer Peixoto-Neves
- 1Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Jeremiah M. Afolabi
- 1Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Hitesh Soni
- 1Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Adebowale Adebiyi
- 1Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Kendrick DJ, Mishra RC, John CM, Zhu HL, Braun AP. Effects of Pharmacological Inhibitors of NADPH Oxidase on Myogenic Contractility and Evoked Vasoactive Responses in Rat Resistance Arteries. Front Physiol 2022; 12:752366. [PMID: 35140625 PMCID: PMC8818784 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide, are reported to contribute to the dynamic regulation of contractility in various arterial preparations, however, the situation in pressurized, myogenically active resistance arteries is much less clear. In the present study, we have utilized established pharmacological inhibitors of NADPH oxidase activity to examine the potential contribution of ROS to intrinsic myogenic contractility in adult Sprague–Dawley rat resistance arteries and responses to vasoactive agents acting via the endothelium (i.e., acetylcholine, SKA-31) or smooth muscle (i.e., sodium nitroprusside, phenylephrine). In cannulated and pressurized cremaster skeletal muscle and middle cerebral arteries, the NOX inhibitors 2-acetylphenothiazine (2-APT) and VAS2870, selective for NOX1 and NOX2, respectively, evoked concentration-dependent inhibition of basal myogenic tone in a reversible and irreversible manner, respectively, whereas the non-selective inhibitor apocynin augmented myogenic contractility. The vasodilatory actions of 2-APT and VAS2870 occurred primarily via the vascular endothelium and smooth muscle, respectively. Functional responses to established endothelium-dependent and –independent vasoactive agents were largely unaltered in the presence of either 2-APT or apocynin. In cremaster arteries from Type 2 Diabetic (T2D) Goto-Kakizaki rats with endothelial dysfunction, treatment with either 2-APT or apocynin did not modify stimulus-evoked vasoactive responses, but did affect basal myogenic tone. These same NOX inhibitors produced robust inhibition of total NADPH oxidase activity in aortic tissue homogenates from control and T2D rats, and NOX isozymes 1, 2 and 4, along with superoxide dismutase 1, were detected by qPCR in cremaster arteries and aorta from both species. Based on the diverse effects that we observed for established, chemically distinct NOX inhibitors, the functional contribution of vascular NADPH oxidase activity to stimulus-evoked vasoactive signaling in myogenically active, small resistance arteries remains unclear.
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Jensen MH, Dalgaard F, Laub RR, Gottlieb V, Hansen ML, Vendelboe O, Hansen J, Lamberts M. Protocol for detecting unrecognized sleep apnea in patients with atrial fibrillation by a home-monitoring device: the DAN-APNO study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:6. [PMID: 34998370 PMCID: PMC8742371 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02453-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining the presence of modifiable risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF), such as sleep apnea is of clinical importance due to the potential impact targeting these risk factors can have on the progression and burden of AF. Using new digital-based technology is a promising solution to the underreporting of sleep apnea highlighted by academical societies in recent years. The aim of this study is to report the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea in patients with AF and, secondarily, assess the accuracy and feasibility of a new home-screening device for sleep apnea (NightOwl™ by Ectosense). METHODS DAN-APNO is a cross-sectional study at the Department of Cardiology, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital recruiting patients with AF referred to anticoagulation initiation aged 18 to 90 years without known sleep apnea. At least 150 patients will be recruited and undergo medical history, clinical evaluation, several sleep-apnea questionnaires, and a sleep-recording evaluation for four nights with sleep apnea home-monitoring device NightOwl™. Additionally, the first 20 participants and participants with moderate-severe sleep apnea by screening are referred to cardio-respiratory monitoring (CRM). This clinical evaluation allows the comparison of standard evaluation method and the NightOwl™. Clinical measures include Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Oxygen Desaturation Index (ODI), pulse rate, as well as questionaries about sleep apnea assessment and the clinical feasibility of the NightOwl™ device. Main outcomes comprise analysis of the prevalence and severity of sleep apnea, and clinical and demographic predictors of moderate and severe sleep apnea. In addition, correlation analyses for accuracy measures between CRM and NightOwl™ will be conducted along with patient ease-of-use and satisfaction questionnaires. DISCUSSION This study is limited by selection bias; only patients with atrial fibrillation from anticoagulation clinic is asked to participate, which could limit the generalizability of our results. However, this study aims to test whether a miniaturized simple home-monitoring device for detecting sleep apnea in patients with AF potentially can evaluate sleep apnea more conveniently and easier. Trial Registration The study is registered the 18-02-2021 at clinicaltrials.gov with registration number: NCT04760002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Hashiba Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark.
| | - Frederik Dalgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Rude Laub
- Department of Pulmonology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Gottlieb
- Department of Pulmonology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Lock Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Olav Vendelboe
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jim Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Morten Lamberts
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Kildegaardsvej 28, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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Regulation of myosin light-chain phosphorylation and its roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:40-52. [PMID: 34616031 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00733-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of muscle contraction is a critical function in the cardiovascular system, and abnormalities may be life-threatening or cause illness. The common basic mechanism in muscle contraction is the interaction between the protein filaments myosin and actin. Although this interaction is primarily regulated by intracellular Ca2+, the primary targets and intracellular signaling pathways differ in vascular smooth muscle and cardiac muscle. Phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) is a primary molecular switch for smooth muscle contraction. The equilibrium between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated RLC is dynamically achieved through two enzymes, myosin light chain kinase, a Ca2+-dependent enzyme, and myosin phosphatase, which modifies the Ca2+ sensitivity of contractions. In cardiac muscle, the primary target protein for Ca2+ is troponin C on thin filaments; however, RLC phosphorylation also plays a modulatory role in contraction. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the regulation, physiological function, and pathophysiological involvement of RLC phosphorylation in smooth and cardiac muscles.
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Hammoud A, Tikhomirov A, Myasishcheva G, Shaheen Z, Volkov A, Briko A, Shchukin S. Multi-Channel Bioimpedance System for Detecting Vascular Tone in Human Limbs: An Approach. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 22:138. [PMID: 35009681 PMCID: PMC8747465 DOI: 10.3390/s22010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tone plays a vital role in regulating blood pressure and coronary circulation, and it determines the peripheral vascular resistance. Vascular tone is dually regulated by the perivascular nerves and the cells in the inside lining of blood vessels (endothelial cells). Only a few methods for measuring vascular tone are available. Because of this, determining vascular tone in different arteries of the human body and monitoring tone changes is a vital challenge. This work presents an approach for determining vascular tone in human extremities based on multi-channel bioimpedance measurements. Detailed steps for processing the bioimpedance signals and extracting the main parameters from them have been presented. A graphical interface has been designed and implemented to display the vascular tone type in all channels with the phase of breathing during each cardiac cycle. This study is a key step towards understanding the way vascular tone changes in the extremities and how the nervous system regulates these changes. Future studies based on records of healthy and diseased people will contribute to increasing the possibility of early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hammoud
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Alexey Tikhomirov
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Galina Myasishcheva
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Zein Shaheen
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, ITMO University, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexander Volkov
- Scientific and Educational Medical-Technological Center, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrey Briko
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shchukin
- Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia; (A.T.); (G.M.); (A.B.); (S.S.)
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50
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Nemeth Z, Ryan MJ, Granger JP, Drummond HA. Expression of Exogenous Epithelial Sodium Channel Beta Subunit in the Mouse Middle Cerebral Artery Increases Pressure-Induced Constriction. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1227-1235. [PMID: 34161569 PMCID: PMC9526803 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pressure-induced constriction (PIC) is inherent to small arteries and arterioles, in which intraluminal pressure-induced vascular smooth muscle cell stretch elicits vasoconstriction. Degenerin (Deg) proteins, such as beta-epithelial Na+ channel (βENaC), have been studied in the PIC response because they are evolutionarily linked to known mechanosensors. While loss of Deg function phenotypes are plentiful, a gain-of-function phenotype has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine if expression of exogenous βENaC in the isolated middle cerebral artery (MCA) enhances the PIC response. METHODS Isolated MCA segments from female mice (24 weeks, n = 5) were transfected with enhanced green fluorescent protein-βENaC (EGFP-βENaC) or with EGFP alone, incubated overnight at 37 °C, then studied in a pressure myograph. RESULTS Mechanical/morphological properties and vasoconstrictor responses to KCl and phenylephrine were identical in EGFP-βENaC and EGFP MCAs. In contrast, PIC responses were greater in EGFP-βENaC segments with ~2-fold greater peak myogenic tone. CONCLUSIONS These data confirm previous findings that βENaC is critical in the PIC response. These data provide proof-of-concept that upregulating βENaC can enhance PIC responses and lay the foundation to test the hypothesis that inflammation-mediated downregulation of βENaC contributes to cerebrovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Nemeth
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Michael J Ryan
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
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